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2front:introyx6e0# Introduction to Zechariah\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Zechariah\n\n1. Zechariah calls the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:16)\n1. The eight night visions (1:76:8)\n * Yahweh sends his messengers throughout the whole earth (1:717)\n * Four horns and four craftsmen (1:1821)\n * The measuring line (2:113)\n * The priest in filthy clothes (3:110)\n * The golden lampstand olive trees (4:114)\n * The flying scroll (5:14)\n * The woman in a basket (5:511)\n * Four chariots (6:18)\n1. A crown for the high priest (6:915)\n1. Questions about fasting (7:18:23)\n1. Yahweh judges the nations and saves his people (9:111:17)\n1. Final message (12:114:21)\n * Yahweh will finally defeat Israels enemies (12:19)\n * Israel mourns for the one they pierced (12:1014)\n * Yahweh purifies Israel and removes false prophets (13:16)\n * Yahweh comes as king (14:121)\n\n### What is the Book of Zechariah about?\n\nZechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from being exiled in Babylon. The people of Judah continued to sin, as their ancestors did before they went into exile. Zechariah called the people to repent and to obey Yahweh. And he called them to renew the covenant with Yahweh. Zechariah also prophesied about the Messiah and about Israel finally being victorious over her enemies. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has been titled “Zechariah” or “The Book of Zechariah.” Translators may decide to call it the “The Book About Zechariah” or “The Sayings of Zechariah.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Zechariah?\n\nThe prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 and 518 B.C.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai?\n\nZechariah prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. He prophesied at the same time as Haggai and continued after Haggai.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacobs name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. Zechariah uses the term “Israel” to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel.\n\n### What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah?\n\nZechariah presented the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. Zechariah said that the Messiah would come and deliver his people. However, the Messiah would also be pierced (12:10) and struck with the sword (13:7). (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n### What does the phrase “that day” mean?\n\nZechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referring to a future “day,” the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
31:introqki30# Zechariah 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariahs vision given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:36, 1417, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Date\n\nZechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariahs prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
41:1if96rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonthsIn the eighth month0This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
51:1fpf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe second year of Darius reign0“the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “the second year since Darius became king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
61:1qr9frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh came0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
71:1e6fdYahweh0This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
81:1ge9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBerechiah … Iddo0These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91:2huv9exceedingly angry with your fathers0Alternate translation: “very angry with your forefathers”
101:3wv9brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTurn to me … and I will return to you0Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111:3ymr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
121:4le2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTurn from your evil ways and wicked practices0No longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases “evil ways” and “wicked practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
131:4g1terc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is Yahwehs declaration0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
141:5tk3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionYour fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever?0These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahwehs message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
151:6b2airc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionBut my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers?0This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the peoples ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahwehs commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers.” or “But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
161:6p786rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletmy words and my decrees0These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahwehs message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
171:6pc8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletour ways and actions0The words “ways” and “actions” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “our behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
181:7kav5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonthsthe twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat0“Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
191:7epb7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalin the second year of Darius reign0“in the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “in the second year since Darius became king.” See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
201:7al5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh came0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
211:7li5wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesBerechiah … Iddo0These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
221:8rsm4look0The word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
231:8fg97rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknownmyrtle trees0a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
241:9rb9lI said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with me0Here Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
251:9l5k2What are these things, Lord?0“What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
261:10uiv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe man who stood among the myrtle trees0These phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
271:10m3qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThese are those0The word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
281:10paz1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto roam throughout the earth0It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
291:11p8cerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees0This phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
301:11vum3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThey answered … they said0The word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
311:11z1ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorall the earth sits still and is at rest0There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. This could mean: (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321:12hd8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah0Here the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
331:13ea77with good words, words of comfort0Alternate translation: “with good, comforting words”
341:14z627I have been jealous for Jerusalem0Here the word “jealous” refers to Yahwehs strong desire to protect his people.
351:15z4b6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI am very angry with the nations that are at ease0The phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
361:15vt8iI was only a little angry with them0Alternate translation: “I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
371:15ml6drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthey made the disaster worse0“the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
381:16irm7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI have returned to Jerusalem with mercies0This could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391:16mlv6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyMy house will be built within her0The word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
401:16qz6grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem0This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
411:17xwc5Again call out, saying0The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
421:17c5zgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyMy cities will once again overflow with goodness0The phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
431:17e1cnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyYahweh will again comfort Zion0Here the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441:18fb8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheI lifted up my eyes0The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
451:19p1khrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThese are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem0Horns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words “Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
461:20a61dfour craftsmen0Alternate translation: “blacksmiths” or “metalworkers”
471:21y3z5these people0This refers to the four craftsmen.
481:21k412rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThese are the horns that scattered Judah0The horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word “Judah” represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
491:21zd7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorso that no man would lift up his head0The nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: “and caused them to suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
501:21gm5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorto cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah0Yahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
511:21q7u9to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn0Alternate translation: “to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up”
522:introj9a80# Zechariah 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariahs third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:413, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### “This is Yahwehs declaration”\nThis phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as “Yahweh says.”
532:1u35hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheI lifted up my eyes0The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
542:1dn7bmeasuring line0a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
552:2eb3uSo he said to me0Alternate translation: “So the man with the measuring line said to me”
562:3he2krc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participantsanother angel went out to meet him0This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
572:4ty6uThe second angel said to him0Alternate translation: “The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me”
582:4mt9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitJerusalem will sit in the open country … beasts within her0The phrase “will sit in the open country” translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem will not have walls around it … beasts within the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
592:5ync4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI … will become for her a wall of fire around her0People built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. Alternate translation: “I … will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
602:5e11hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is Yahwehs declaration0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
612:6c7zprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletUp! Up!0These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. Alternate translation: “Run! Run!” or “Hurry! Hurry!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
622:7nj7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoryou who live with the daughter of Babylon0The phrase “daughter of Babylon” refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. Alternate translation: “you who live in Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
632:8qki80# General Information:\n\nZechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem.
642:8uv6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfor whoever touches you0The word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
652:9w4b5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionI myself will shake my hand over them0Raising ones hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
662:9q7lithey will be plunder for their slaves0The word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
672:10n5lprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorSing for joy, daughter of Zion0“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. This could mean: (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
682:10ph8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is Yahwehs declaration0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
692:11h8g4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorgreat nations will join themselves to Yahweh0Zechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahwehs people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
702:11glg2in that day0Alternate translation: “at that time”
712:11bu8aI will encamp in the midst of you0Alternate translation: “I will live among you”
722:12e1srrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorYahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession0Zechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
732:13f45hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheall flesh0Here the word “flesh” represents all humanity. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
742:13p2lbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe has been roused0Zechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
752:13dh6yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfrom out of his holy place0Here “his holy place” refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from his holy place in heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
763:introgw6m0# Zechariah 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:79, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Difficult concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nIt is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### The high priest\n\nThis chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
773:1l2ct0# General Information:\n\nYahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.
783:1lm1xSatan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin0Alternate translation: “Satan was standing at Joshuas right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin”
793:2p64grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionIs this not a brand pulled from the fire?0The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
803:2il5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora brand pulled from the fire0A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
813:3d4s4rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageJoshua was dressed in filthy garments0In this vision “filthy garments” are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
823:4l7dsthose who stood before him0The word “him” refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were present.
833:4g4d4Look0Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
843:4k9ltrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI have caused your iniquity to pass from you0Since Joshuas garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshuas iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshuas iniquity. Alternate translation: “I have removed your iniquity from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
853:4uh7krc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagedress you in fine clothing0Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
863:5d1b9Let them put0Here the word “them” refers to the other angels who were present.
873:5d26aturban0a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head
883:6v18ssolemnly commanded Joshua0Alternate translation: “commanded Joshua in a very serious manner”
893:7l5barc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismIf you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments0These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahwehs paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
903:7x34krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyyou will govern my house and guard my courts0Here the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
913:7mwk3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto go and come among these who stand before me0The phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
923:8jym9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicityour companions who live with you0This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
933:8hp4qFor these men are a sign0Here the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
943:8v7atrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormy servant the Branch0The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahwehs people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
953:9m5hythe stone that I have set before Joshua0Here the word “stone” likely refers to a precious stone or jewel.
963:9i5c3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThere are seven eyes on this single stone0The sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. Alternate translation: “There are seven sides on this single stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
973:9l4bwengrave0Alternate translation: “carve”
983:9i5q1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI will remove the sin from this land in one day0Here the word “land” represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “I will remove the sin of the people from this land in one day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
993:10a257rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-expliciteach man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree0Both the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. Alternate translation: “because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1004:introif680# Zechariah 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Visions\n\nThis chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.
1014:1g1iyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileroused me like a man roused from his sleep0Zechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. Alternate translation: “caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1024:2nj7ilamp wicks0the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire
1034:3n5h3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisthe left side0The ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the left side of the bowl” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1044:5d96urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you not know what these things mean?0The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1054:6gn9kConnecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
1064:6y1pwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitNot by might nor by power0Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1074:6wt9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletNot by might nor by power0This could mean: (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabels strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabels physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1084:7abe2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorWhat are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain0This is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabels success. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1094:7k6l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will bring out the top stone0The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1104:7cbj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto shouts of Grace! Grace to it!0This could mean: (1) the word “grace” refers to Gods grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1114:8j4n7Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
1124:8lpf1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe word of Yahweh came to me, saying0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1134:9z7verc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe hands of Zerubbabel have laid … his hands will bring it to completion0Here the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid … he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1144:9gn3urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe foundation of this house0The word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the foundation of this temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1154:10w6q1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWho has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice0Zechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have “despised the day of small things.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1164:10a9tcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe day of small things0“the time of small things.” This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: “the time when progress was slow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1174:10t9lpplumb stone0This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.
1184:10ym4qThese seven lamps0This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:23](./02.md).
1194:10xm5jrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThese seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth0The seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1204:11ac36these two olive trees0This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:23](./02.md).
1214:12t7zpWhat are these two olive branches0Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.
1224:12brf2the two gold pipes0These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariahs vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.
1234:12mv5rgolden oil0Here “golden” refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold.
1244:13anh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionDo you not know what these are?0The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these are.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1254:14rx28rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThese are the sons of fresh olive oil0The branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: “These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1264:14j7glrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe sons of fresh olive oil0This idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. Alternate translation: “the anointed men” or “the men whom Yahweh has appointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1274:14a6x2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwho stand before the Lord0The idiom “stand before” means to be in a persons presence and to serve him. Alternate translation: “who serve the Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1285:introx2ef0# Zechariah 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]])
1295:1xqx2Then I turned0The word “I” refers to Zechariah.
1305:1gf8mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelifted my eyes0The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1315:1ynu9behold0The word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
1325:2gh1wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistancetwenty cubits long and ten cubits wide0A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1335:3lv5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThis is the curse0The word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1345:3mys3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthat goes out over the surface of the whole land0The phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1355:3iha6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorevery thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off0Yahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1365:3pu8hwhat it says on the one side … what it says on the other side0Alternate translation: “what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
1375:4jt2jI will send it out0Alternate translation: “I will send out the curse”
1385:4alf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1395:4y2v5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorconsume its timber and stones0The curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones” or “completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1405:5j4s3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheRaise your eyes0The word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1415:6mb23rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolumeThis is a basket containing an ephah that is coming0An “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1425:6bcy6rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThis is their iniquity in the whole land0The basket symbolizes the peoples iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1435:7un6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea lead covering was lifted off the basket0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1445:7nn4hthere was a woman under it sitting in it0Alternate translation: “there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
1455:8xg5wrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThis is Wickedness0The woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: “This woman represents wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1465:8glc2He threw her … he threw the lead cover0“He thrust her … he forced the lead cover.” The word “threw” indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover.
1475:9zcp4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheI lifted my eyes0Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1485:9mt2rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwind was in their wings0This idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: “they were flying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1495:9gde6they had wings like a storks wings0A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the womens wings with the size of the storks wings.
1505:9xf59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismThey lifted up the basket between earth and heaven0The words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1515:11dyi3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisTo build a temple in the land of Shinar for it0The ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1525:11un6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe basket will be set there0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1535:11gtm8on its prepared base0The words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
1546:introz96r0# Zechariah 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:1213.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Crown\n\nThe second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Meaning of the visions\n\nThe visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
1556:1wvi1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochelifted my eyes0Here the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1566:1zj81between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze0Since the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: “between two bronze mountains”
1576:2tw1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe first chariot had red horses0It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: “The first chariot had red horses pulling it” or “Red horses were pulling the first chariot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1586:5j43mrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThese are the four winds of heaven0The chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. Alternate translation: “These chariots represent the four winds of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1596:5cai5the four winds of heaven0This phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean “four spirits.”
1606:5u5msrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomstanding before the Lord of all the earth0The idiom to “stand before” means to be in a persons presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 4:14](../04/14.md). Alternate translation: “serving the Lord of all the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1616:6v88qthe white horses are going out to the west country0Some modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean “the white horses are going out after them,” that is, following the black horses to the north country.
1626:6g5r6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe white horses are … the spotted gray horses are0Here the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is … the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1636:8ny4ahe called out to me0Alternate translation: “the angel called out to me”
1646:8n3x1Look at the ones0Alternate translation: “Look at the black horses”
1656:8c7ixrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythey will appease my spirit concerning the north country0The words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahwehs spirit.” This could mean: (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahwehs emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahwehs presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahwehs blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1666:9jej6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh came to me, saying0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1676:10fez9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHeldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah0These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1686:10m87pthis same day0Alternate translation: “today”
1696:11f66irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesJehozadak0This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1706:11x4hktake the silver and gold, make a crown0Alternate translation: “make a crown with the silver and gold”
1716:12wn66Speak to him and say0Alternate translation: “Speak to Joshua and say”
1726:12ihw2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhis name is Branch0The word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahwehs people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1736:12w53qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe will grow up where he is0The phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1746:13lm52He will be a priest on his throne0This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
1756:13uyq6he will bear a counsel of peace between the two0The words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
1766:14ea75rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe crown will given0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1776:14xn98rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesHeldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah … Hen0These are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1786:14f3pxfor Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial0Some modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
1796:15e6jprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthose who are far off0This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1806:15u2bzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youso you will know0The word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1816:15zqz3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymytruly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God0Here to “listen” means to obey and the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: “truly obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1827:intromeb20# Zechariah 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:414, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Fasting\n\nThis chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land.
1837:1v1rzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalon the fourth day0“on day 4” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1847:1vut4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonthsKislev (which was the ninth month)0“Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1857:1t9murc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh came to Zechariah0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1867:2sb2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSharezer and Regem-Melek0These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1877:2y9hybeg0Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
1887:2b1wirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybefore the face of Yahweh0Here “face” is a metonym for Yahwehs presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1897:3kg2pThey spoke … they said0The word “they” refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
1907:3ty6crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalShould I mourn in the fifth month0“Should I mourn in month 5.” The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
1917:3i8ejby means of a fast0Alternate translation: “by fasting”
1927:4g84yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1937:5wdh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalin the fifth and in the seventh month0“in months 5 and 7” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1947:5v5v5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisin the fifth0The word “month” can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “in the fifth month” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1957:5tfh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin the seventh month0The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
1967:5d7zdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfor these seventy years0The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1977:5n3dwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionwere you truly fasting for me?0This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1987:6p43pWhen you ate and drank0This could mean: (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
1997:6ax5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestiondid you not eat and drink for yourselves?0This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2007:7qy27rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionWere these not the same words … to the west?0Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words … to the west.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2017:7dqw4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the mouth of the former prophets0Here “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2027:7n812you still inhabited Jerusalem0Alternate translation: “you still lived in Jerusalem”
2037:7vp7qfoothills0hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
2047:8jsk3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2057:9v17grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsJudge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy0The abstract nouns “justice,” “faithfulness,” and “mercy” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2067:9k9pmLet each man do this0The word “this” refers to how a person should judge.
2077:10b2r9widow0a woman whose husband has died
2087:10za7vorphan0a child whose parents have died
2097:10ht31foreigner0someone who travels from his own land to a different land
2107:10jdb5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymylet none of you plot any harm against another in your heart0Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “you must not make plans to do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2117:11l8vzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorset their shoulders stubbornly0This is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2127:11if1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey stopped up their ears so they would not hear0This is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2137:12ieh1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThey made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts0The people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2147:12j76sin earlier times0Alternate translation: “in the past”
2157:12z4q7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyby the mouth of the prophets0Here the “mouth of the prophets” is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: “through the words of the prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2167:14hga8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will scatter them with a whirlwind0Yahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: “I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2177:14x4q6whirlwind0a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
2187:14c1xgdelightful land0Alternate translation: “pleasant land” or “fruitful land”
2198:introuri70# Zechariah 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])
2208:1eh47rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomThe word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2218:2rx8tI am passionate for Zion0Alternate translation: “I have a strong desire to protect Zion”
2228:2vc1crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor Zion0Here “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “for the people of Zion” or “for the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2238:2w6qxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwith great anger0The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: “with great anger against her enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2248:3m9rirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe mountain of Yahweh of hosts0The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2258:4nus3be in the streets of Jerusalem0Alternate translation: “be living in Jerusalem”
2268:4z297rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin his hand because he has grown so old0People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2278:5y52eThe streets of the city will be full0The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities.
2288:6n3garc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIf something seems impossible in the eyes of0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If something does not appear to be possible to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2298:6d5cxthe remnant of this people0Alternate translation: “the people of Judah who survive”
2308:6c478rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorin my eyes0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2318:6kp58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is Yahwehs declaration0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2328:7f4bzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitI am about to rescue my people0The implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2338:7x6hqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismfrom the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun0This could mean: (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2348:8bcy7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsI will be their God in truth and in righteousness0This can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2358:9h94jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomStrengthen your hands0This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2368:10h2csFor before those days0Here “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
2378:10gp8kno crops were gathered in0Alternate translation: “there were no crops to harvest”
2388:10z6fgthere was no profit for either man or beast0It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it.
2398:10qe6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismfor anyone going or coming0This merism refers to all of lifes activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2408:10uh2kI had set every person each against his neighbor0Alternate translation: “I had turned everyone against each other”
2418:11cg9bBut now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people0Alternate translation: “But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days”
2428:11pcv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin former days0“in the past.” The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2438:11k5pgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe remnant of this people0The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: “the people who returned from exile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2448:11ec3erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2458:12sdy1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveseeds of peace will be sown0This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will safely sow seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2468:12nk96rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew0The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2478:12gq8dinherit all these things0Alternate translation: “to have all these things”
2488:13y21mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYou were an example to the other nations of a curse0The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2498:13mk9irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse of Judah and house of Israel0The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2508:13sqv8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicityou will be a blessing0This could mean: (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2518:13msq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomlet your hands be strong0This is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2528:13v8durc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhouse of Judah and house of Israel0The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2538:14z32edo harm to you0Alternate translation: “punish you”
2548:14ry4zprovoked my anger0Alternate translation: “angered me”
2558:14pw4jdid not relent0Alternate translation: “did not decide to punish them less”
2568:15tg1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyJerusalem0This is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2578:16r54nthat you must do0“You” refers to the people of Judah.
2588:16iy65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsSpeak truth, every person with his neighbor0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **truth**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2598:16m4ldhis neighbor0Here “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
2608:16u5kfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsJudge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates0This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2618:16k4ezrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitin your gates0The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2628:17l5whrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is Yahwehs declaration0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2638:18u3xtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying0This idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2648:18uuz1came to me0Here “me” refers to Zechariah.
2658:19hr3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalThe fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month0“The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2668:19x9kprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe fasts of the fourth month0The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2678:19je6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe fifth month0The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2688:19h4znrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe seventh month0The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2698:19qk5arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe tenth month0The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
2708:19v6lsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounstimes of joy, gladness, and happy festivals0The abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “joyful and glad times, with happy festivals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2718:19vyd5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Judah0The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2728:19c9gvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounslove truth and peace0The abstract nouns “truth” and “peace” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “love what is truthful and peaceful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2738:20r5qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitPeople will come again0The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate translation: “People will come again to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2748:21rvs3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill go to another city0This is a metonym for the people in the other city. Alternate translation: “will go to the people of another city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2758:21b98abeg0Here the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
2768:21k69qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybefore the face of Yahweh0Here “face” is a metonym for Yahwehs presence. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2778:21szh9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorseek Yahweh of hosts0Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2788:22nz8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymymighty nations0This is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. Alternate translation: “people of mighty nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2798:23vw6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwill grasp the hem of your robe0The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: “will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2808:23ed1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitLet us go with you0The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let us go to Jerusalem with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2818:23wc2lGod is with you0Alternate translation: “God is with you people”
2829:introlyp20# Zechariah 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:910.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Prophecies against other nations\n\nThe first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2839:1gn78This is a declaration of Yahwehs word concerning0Alternate translation: “This is Yahwehs message about”
2849:1fjj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe land of Hadrak and Damascus0Here “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2859:1xk5aHadrak0The location of Hadrak is unknown today.
2869:1q7lhits resting place0Alternate translation: “the resting place of the people of Hadrak”
2879:1fi2zfor the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh0Some versions translate this as “for Yahwehs eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel.”
2889:1b62mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh0Here “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2899:2dbk5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHamath0This refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2909:2x51xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyTyre and Sidon0This refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2919:2z6mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ironyfor they are very wise0This could mean: (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2929:3vi9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationbuilt herself a stronghold0Here the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2939:3p2xvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleheaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets0Yahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2949:4ps4eLook! The Lord will dispossess her0Here “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyres possessions”
2959:4nf2arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymydestroy her strength on the sea0Tyres “strength on the sea” refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: “destroy Tyres ships in which men fight on the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2969:4rk76rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveso she will be devoured by fire0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2979:5zx4krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyAshkelon … Gaza … Ekron, her hopes0These cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people of Ashkelon … the people of Gaza … the hopes of the people of Ekron” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2989:5ae33will see0Alternate translation: “will see Tyre be destroyed”
2999:6fmu2Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod0Alternate translation: “Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there”
3009:6r481rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will cut off the pride of the Philistines0Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to stop their pride. Alternate translation: “I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3019:7efh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth0Here “blood” is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and “abominations” is a metonym for meat offered to idols. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3029:8l2f6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will camp around my land0God is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. Alternate translation: “I will protect my land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3039:8lp3efor now0Alternate translation: “For at that time”
3049:8gnt8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI see with my own eyes0Here “my own eyes” represent Yahwehs personal attention. Alternate translation: “I will personally watch over my land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3059:9iqk30# General Information:\n\nYahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 913.
3069:9u6p1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismShout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem!0These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
3079:9apz5daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem0“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated “daughter of Zion” in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md).
3089:9sey9Behold!0This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” or “Here is a surprising fact!”
3099:9ke7vYour king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you0Alternate translation: “Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you”
3109:9kjw8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubleton a donkey, on the colt of a donkey0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. Alternate translation: “on a young donkey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3119:10ca4dcut off the chariot from Ephraim0Here “cut off” is an idiom that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle”
3129:10f5svrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe horse from Jerusalem0The references to “chariot” and “bow” means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the warhorses in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3139:10n8pyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe bow will be cut off from battle0Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate translation: “all weapons of war will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3149:10xh6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor he will speak peace to the nations0Here the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. Alternate translation: “for your king will bring peace to the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3159:10m1efrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublethis dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth!0The phrases “sea to sea” and “from the River to the ends of the earth” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will be over all the earth!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3169:10rij4the River0This probably refers to the Euphrates River.
3179:11w1wr0# General Information:\n\nYahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 913.
3189:11tj3zAs for you0Here “you” is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
3199:11n83krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe pit where there is no water0This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3209:12g5c5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorReturn to the stronghold0Jerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. Alternate translation: “Come back to your nation where you will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3219:12v54rprisoners of hope0This expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: “prisoners who still hope in Yahweh”
3229:12xt6sreturn double to you0Alternate translation: “return to you twice as much as was taken from you”
3239:13sjg3Zion0This refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
3249:13mwe7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI have bent Judah as my bow0The people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here “Judah” refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3259:13ki73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfilled my quiver with Ephraim0Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldiers arrows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3269:13es7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece0God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3279:14h8w90# General Information:\n\nIn verses 1416, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
3289:14ms12will appear to them0The word “them” refers to Gods people. Alternate translation: “will be seen in the sky by his people” or “will come to his people”
3299:14j3mbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis arrows will shoot out like lightning!0The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3309:14qh4yblow the trumpet0The trumpets were rams horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal.
3319:14cdu9will advance with the storms from Teman0Team was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. Alternate translation: “will march from Teman with the storm winds”
3329:15rq95they will devour them0Alternate translation: “the people of Judah will devour their enemies”
3339:15l59urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill devour0To completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: “will completely defeat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3349:15fq6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymydefeat the stones of the slings0Slings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3359:15ure5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThen they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine0The people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3369:15t8ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethey will be filled with wine like bowls0This probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animals blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3379:15h8j2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike the corners of the altar0Altars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3389:16t4gy0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 1416, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
3399:16i4qwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileGod will rescue them … as the flock of his people0The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are Gods sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3409:16kyv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey are the jewels of a crown0The people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: “They will be like beautiful stones in a crown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3419:17udt9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamationsHow good and how beautiful they will be!0This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “They will be very good and beautiful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
3429:17rzm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThe young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine!0This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: “All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3439:17uf1prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismThe young men … the virgins0These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3449:17x8zqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismgrain … sweet wine0These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
34510:introjmh90# Zechariah 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:12.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Redemption\n\nThis book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
34610:1ybt5vegetation in the field0Alternate translation: “causes plants to grow in the field”
34710:2wcl5household idols speak falsely0“household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
34810:2tc8cdiviners envision a lie0Alternate translation: “diviners see false visions”
34910:2e8gurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthey tell deceitful dreams0It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
35010:2xi1fempty comfort0This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.
35110:2nb46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethey wander like sheep0The people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
35210:2zr2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethey … suffer because there is no shepherd0The people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets … are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
35310:3e9x10# General Information:\n\nIt is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 35.
35410:3iq7urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorMy wrath burns against the shepherds0Here “the shepherds” represent the leaders of Gods people. The intensity of Yahwehs anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: “My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire” or “I am very angry with the leaders of my people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35510:3ir6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorit is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish0Male goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here “male goats” represents the oppressive leaders of Gods people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35610:3r33nYahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah0Here Yahwehs care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep”
35710:3t1tcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Judah0The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
35810:3dd5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormake them like his warhorse in battle0Yahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
35910:4l1sr0# General Information:\n\nIt is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 35.
36010:4se8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorFrom Judah will come the cornerstone0“The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36110:4xep2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagethe cornerstone … the tent peg … the war bow0This could mean: (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
36210:4q653rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom him will come the tent peg0“the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36310:4mgt1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfrom him will come the war bow0“the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36410:4cw1mfrom him will come every ruler together0Alternate translation: “every ruler will come from Judah”
36510:5sg3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThey will be like warriors … streets in battle0The rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. Alternate translation: “They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
36610:5f7n7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomwho trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle0To trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. Alternate translation: “who defeat their enemies completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36710:5xrr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomYahweh is with them0Here “with them” is an idiom that means he is present to help them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36810:5a47drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythey will shame those who ride warhorses0Here shame accompanies and represents defeat. Alternate translation: “they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
36910:6skk50# General Information:\n\nIn verses 612, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
37010:6tf8lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Judah0The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
37110:6q4ynrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Joseph0The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
37210:6b62vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI had not cast them off0This speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
37310:7zfa5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileEphraim will be like a warrior0“Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
37410:7pg8lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochetheir hearts will rejoice as with wine0Here “hearts” refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
37510:7u9grtheir children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me!0Alternate translation: “their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!”
37610:8rt4z0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 612, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
37710:8h3zuI will whistle0To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.
37810:9a419rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI sowed them among the peoples0The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37910:10qvy9until there is no more room for them0The people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and they will completely fill the land”
38010:11gh3n0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 612, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
38110:11kec9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will pass through the sea of their affliction0Scripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: “I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
38210:11sq3erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will strike the waves of that sea0Here to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
38310:11ve5nwill dry up all the depths of the Nile0Alternate translation: “I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water”
38410:11h8a4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe majesty of Assyria will be brought down0Here “the majesty of Assyria” probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: “I will destroy Assyrias proud army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
38510:11g3sxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians0Here “the scepter of Egypt” refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
38610:12wnc7I will strengthen them in myself0Alternate translation: “I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me”
38710:12dh7yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is Yahwehs declaration0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
38811:introup7e0# Zechariah 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 11:13, 17.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThis chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahwehs dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Symbolism\n\nThe writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them “Unity” and “Favor.” He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
38911:1d6vmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorOpen your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour0Not resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
39011:1kmf3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfire may devour your cedars0Fire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39111:2fu2krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationLament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen0Cypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
39211:2fq53rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveWhat was majestic has been devastated0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
39311:2gbt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationLament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down.0The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
39411:3pb1qThe shepherds howl0Alternate translation: “The shepherds cry out loudly”
39511:3ji77rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor their glory has been destroyed0Here “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
39611:3h9clrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyfor the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated0Here “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
39711:4zxx9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction0# General Information:\n\nIn 11:417 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
39811:4u48qwatch over the flock set aside for slaughter0Alternate translation: “take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
39911:5ip1wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveare not punished0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40011:6ljs6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is Yahwehs declaration0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
40111:6f3psSee!0Alternate translation: “Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
40211:6t499rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronounsI myself0The word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
40311:6qz87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyturn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king0Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
40411:6sr77rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymynone of them will I deliver them from their hand0Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
40511:7jsk4for those who dealt in sheep0Alternate translation: “for those who bought and sold sheep”
40611:7gy5lFavor0Other versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
40711:8kqz7I became impatient with them,0This could mean: (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
40811:9cnt4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40911:11m881rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe covenant was broken0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
41011:11ve5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitknew that Yahweh had spoken0It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
41111:12x7frrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthirty pieces of silver0It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
41211:12zf3arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthirty pieces0“30 pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
41311:13dv1atreasury0This is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
41411:13ye4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ironythe excellent price0Yahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahwehs work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
41511:14js8trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymybetween Judah and Israel0Here “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
41611:16t1g5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI am about to set in place a shepherd in the land0Here “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
41711:16qq2gthe fattened sheep0Alternate translation: “the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
41811:16wwi6will tear off their hooves0This was probably done as an act of cruelty.
41911:17wum9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyMay the sword0Here “sword” represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. Alternate translation: “May enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42011:17zwk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomcome against his arm and his right eye0Here “come against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
42111:17gqb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhis arm0Here “arm” represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42211:17c27hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithis right eye0A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
42311:17h47ihis arm wither away0Alternate translation: “his arm waste away” or “his arm become completely useless”
42412:introcr4a0# Zechariah 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSimilar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Prophecy\n\nVerses 1011 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus death on the cross. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
42512:1vy110# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
42612:1mz3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwho stretched out the skies0This is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: “the one who created the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42712:1gzl6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlaid the foundation of the earth0This is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: “put all the earth into place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42812:1gnm5fashions the spirit of mankind within man0This is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. Alternate translation: “creates the human spirit”
42912:2ez4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI am about to make Jerusalem into a cup … to stagger about0Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. Alternate translation: “Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup … to stagger about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43012:2s5lxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyinto a cup0Here “cup” represents the cup and the contents within the cup. Alternate translation: “into a cup full of wine” or “into a cup full of an alcoholic drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43112:2h8snrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationsurrounding her0Here “her” refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
43212:3u546rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples0Yahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a heavy stone. Alternate translation: “It will be like I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43312:4h97f0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
43412:4w42zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorOver the house of Judah I will open my eyes0Opening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: “I will do good things for the house of Judah” or “I will protect the house of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43512:4jgj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of Judah0Here “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43612:5g3n8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymysay in their hearts0Here “hearts” represents a persons mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43712:5w95zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsare our strength0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
43812:5u38mYahweh of hosts, their God0Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
43912:6zv3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similelike firepots among wood … standing grain0This simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
44012:6cjb8firepots0clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
44112:6vm57flaming torch0a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere
44212:6iv6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill consume all the surrounding peoples0Completely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will “devour” them. Alternate translation: “will destroy the surrounding peoples” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44312:6l53trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merismon their right and on their left0Here “right” and “left” represent every direction. Alternate translation: “in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
44412:6hh2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyJerusalem will again live in her own place0Here “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44512:7qxb10# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
44612:7nba7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe tents of Judah0Here “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44712:7h87nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of David0This could mean: (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44812:8ys6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethose who are weak among them will be like David0This simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
44912:8zz25the angel of Yahweh0This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.
45012:10f9d7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem0Causing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45112:10dtc6a spirit of compassion and pleading0Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading.
45212:10c3sxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of David0Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
45312:10zpa3the one they have pierced0Alternate translation: “the one whom they stabbed to death”
45412:10rxx7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisfor an only son0It is understood that the “son” has died. Alternate translation: “for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
45512:11mcu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon0Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
45612:11qg93rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesMegiddo0This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
45712:12jj6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe land will mourn0This represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the people in the land of Judah will mourn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
45812:12qth7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe clan of the house of David … The clan of the house of Nathan0Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of David … The descendants of Nathan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
45912:13r6fcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe clan of the house of Levi0Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46013:introjz2l0# Zechariah 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 13:79.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nZechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
46113:1f2a5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora spring will be opened … for their sin and impurity0Forgiving the peoples sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46213:1f3zca spring0a place where water flows naturally out of the ground
46313:1s36vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe house of David0Here “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46413:2x2wtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
46513:2v452rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will cut off the names of the idols from the land0Causing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would “cut off the names of the idols from the land.” Alternate translation: “I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46613:2u9uerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthey will no longer be remembered0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46713:2mck6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land0The prophets may refer to “false prophets.” The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46813:3l7gbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitto prophesy0It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: “to prophesy falsely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
46913:3rx4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguishhis father and mother who bore him0The phrase “who bore him” describes “his father and mother” in order to express surprise that someones own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: “his own father and mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
47013:3s24kYou will not live0This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must die”
47113:3w2sbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyyou speak lies in the name of Yahweh0Speaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. Alternate translation: “you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
47213:3bap1will pierce0Alternate translation: “will stab and kill him”
47313:4u383rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-expliciteach prophet0This implies false prophets. Alternate translation: “every false prophet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
47413:4jx8drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitno longer wear a hairy cloak0Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
47513:5wud8I am a man who works the soil0Alternate translation: “I am a farmer”
47613:5ip2zthe land became my work while I was still a young man0Some versions of the Bible translate this as “a man sold me as a slave when I was young.” Alternate translation: “I became a farmer when I was young”
47713:6q1ggrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitWhat are these wounds between your arms?0“How did you get those cuts on your chest?” This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
47813:6f1cfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will answer0It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: “he will lie to him saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
47913:7l7mcrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry0# General Information:\n\nZechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
48013:7c9hlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationSword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd0“You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd.” Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: “You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
48113:7z2t4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormy shepherd0This speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “my servant who is like a shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48213:7r27crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personthis is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts0Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
48313:7ttv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthe flock will scatter0The people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: “my people will run away like sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48413:7kp5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI will turn my hand against the lowly ones0The idiom “turn my hand against” means to act hostile towards someone. Alternate translation: “I will attack the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
48513:7tys6the lowly ones0This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless.
48613:8u8xdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthat two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there0People being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. Alternate translation: “that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
48713:9ac7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorI will bring that third through the fire0Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48813:9h19lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrefine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested0Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48913:9ru4erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThey will call on my name0Here “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “They will call out to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49014:introljq30# Zechariah 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Last days\n\nZechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days.
49114:1zs1r0# General Information:\n\nThis chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.
49214:1a7h2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst0A future time is spoken of as if “a day is coming.” The phrase “will be divided” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49314:2q4hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleI will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle0Here “every nation” is a generalization that means “many nations.” Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
49414:2qi2nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe city will be captured0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49514:2lk8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe houses will be plundered and the women raped0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49614:2cej1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city0Not removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49714:3l9z10# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.
49814:3m5ezas when he wages war on the day of battle0Alternate translation: “just as he fought battles in the past”
49914:4v1g4On that day0Alternate translation: “At that time”
50014:4ak3rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochehis feet will stand on the Mount of Olives0Here “feet” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he will stand on the Mount of Olives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
50114:4kpm4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe Mount of Olives will be split … by a very great valley0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
50214:5x9i70# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
50314:5u952rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youyou will flee0Here “you” is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
50414:5n974between Yahwehs mountains0This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.
50514:5q9u5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesAzel0This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
50614:5d8lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitYou will flee just as you fled0Here “You will” refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, “you fled” refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate translation: “You will flee just as your ancestors fled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
50714:5n1lhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomin the days of Uzziah, king of Judah0Here “in the days” is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
50814:5mw1gthe holy ones0This probably refers to Gods angels.
50914:6g29k0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
51014:6qjd1On that day0Alternate translation: “At that time”
51114:6z2knrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthere will be no light0It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: “there will be no light from the sun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
51214:7yli2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea day known only to Yahweh0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
51314:8v254rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomliving waters0This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
51414:8wpw5the eastern sea0This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.
51514:8uks5the western sea0This refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
51614:9k9gf0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
51714:9r6nirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythere will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone0Here “name” represents Yahwehs reputation or character. Alternate translation: “people will know that Yahweh is the only true God” or “people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
51814:10wmv3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitAll the land0It is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
51914:10sj4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesArabah0This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52014:10sxq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeba0This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52114:10rz4crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesRimmon0This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52214:10uk8urc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrasesJerusalem will continue to be raised up0This contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
52314:10eay1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe Benjamin Gate … the first gate … the Corner Gate0These are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. This could mean: (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
52414:10t1rwrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe Tower of Hananel0This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52514:10rki8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe kings winepresses0This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
52614:11gbk1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyJerusalem will live in safety0Here “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
52714:12qiz50# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
52814:12wg9qeven as they are standing on their feet0“while they are still standing up.” This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down.
52914:13w6frrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthat great fear from Yahweh will come among them0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
53014:13yl73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomEach one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another0These are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: “Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
53114:14jps40# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
53214:14n8dyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyJudah will also fight against Jerusalem0Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: “Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
53314:14h6q8Judah will also fight against Jerusalem0Some versions of the Bible read, “Judah will also fight at Jerusalem.”
53414:14up2xThey will gather the wealth0Alternate translation: “They will capture all the valuable possessions”
53514:14q411in great abundance0Alternate translation: “in great quantities”
53614:16wx980# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
53714:16rf9trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthat came against Jerusalem0Here “came against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that attacked Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
53814:16y2h6will instead go up from year to year0Alternate translation: “will instead go to Jerusalem every year”
53914:16ryt4the Festival of Shelters0Alternate translation: “the Festival of Tabernacles” or “the Festival of Booths” or “the Festival of Tents”
54014:18q1tmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA plague from Yahweh will attack the nations0Causing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54114:19ai960# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
54214:20q1hq0# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
54314:20j9sdthe bells of the horses will say0Alternate translation: “the inscription on the bells of the horses will say”
54414:20ez1irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe basins in Yahwehs house0These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: “the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
54514:20c8cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwill be like the bowls before the altar0It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate translation: “will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
54614:21q299every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hosts0Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else.
54714:21qfn5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicittraders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh0It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate translation: “people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
54814:21hw3ttraders0Some versions of the Bible translate “traders” as “Canaanites.”