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2ESTfrontintrod9890# Introduction to Esther<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Esther<br><br>1. King Ahasuerus sends away his wife, the queen (1:122)<br>1. Ahasuerus chooses Esther as the new queen (2:123)<br>1. Haman plots to destroy the Jews (3:115)<br>1. Mordecai asks Esther to help her people (4:117)<br>1. Esther pleads with the king for the Jews (5:17:10)<br>1. The result of Hamans plot to destroy the Jews (8:19:16)<br>1. The Feast of Purim (9:1732)<br>1. Conclusion (10:13)<br><br>### What is the Book of Esther about?<br><br>The Book of Esther tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia. As queen, she worked to save all the Jews in the Persian Empire from being destroyed.<br><br>This book ends by telling why the Jews celebrate the festival of Purim. The name “Purim” comes from the word “pur.” It means “lots” or “dice.” Haman, the enemy of Jews, threw dice to choose when to attack and destroy the Jews. The Jews celebrate Purim to remember how Yahweh rescued his people from being destroyed.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators can use the traditional title of this book, which is “The Book of Esther” or just “Esther.” Or they can choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Esther.”<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the Persian Empire?<br><br>King Cyrus the Great conquered and ruled over many kingdoms. This was in the part of the world called Persia, which is now Iran. So people named his kingdom the Persian Empire. When Cyrus conquered Babylonia in 539 B.C., he then controlled the Jews whom the Babylonians had exiled.<br><br>### Why were there Jews in Babylonia when the Persians conquered it?<br><br>In 586 B.C., the Babylonians conquered and took into exile the people of Judah. These Jews and their descendants were still in Babylon when the Persians conquered it.<br><br>### What was meant by “the laws of the Medes and Persians”?<br><br>The phrase “the laws of the Medes and Persians” is found in Esther 1:19 and Daniel 6:12. It referred to laws and decrees that could not be changed or removed once they were issued. In the book of Esther, the king made a decree that the people could attack the Jews. Later he regretted that decision but he was not able to change the decree.<br><br>The term “Medes” refers to a people group that had formed its own nation, but the Persians conquered them.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What different levels of language are in the Book of Esther?<br><br>In the Book of Esther, people talk to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately talk in the Persian court and the words of royal decrees. Friends and close relatives also talk to each other. There are even the words that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways their own language has to express these different situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand.<br>
3EST1introv1fp0# Esther 01 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The kings divorce<br><br>The kings advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the kings guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her.<br>
4EST11zzz20In the days of Ahasuerus“In the time of Ahasuerus” or “When Ahasuerus was ruling as king”
5EST11v5tswriting-background0this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provincesThis is background information to help the reader identify Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
6EST11k8tn0provincesA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government.
7EST12dk31figs-metonymy0sat on his royal throneHere “royal throne” may refer to his rule over the kingdom. Alternate translation: “ruled the empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8EST12wf720fortressThis refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.
9EST12hgm3translate-names0SusaThis was a royal city of Persian kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10EST13ry7mtranslate-numbers0In the third year of his reign“After he had ruled for 2 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
11EST13prm1figs-synecdoche0The armyThis likely refers to the leaders of the army. Alternate translation: “The officers of the army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12EST14m8xafigs-doublet0the wealth of the splendor of his kingdomThese words have similar meaning and emphasize how great his kingdom was. Alternate translation: “the great wealth of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
13EST14lun5figs-doublet0the honor of the glory of his greatnessThese words have similar meaning and emphasize how great he was. Alternate translation: “the splendor of his greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
14EST14x1v6translate-numbers0180 days“one hundred and eighty days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15EST15ue3x0When these days were completed“At the end of that feast”
16EST15fv9y0a feast lasting seven daysThis was a second feast that was only for the officials in Susa. Alternate translation: “another feast that lasted seven days”
17EST15eb650fortressThis refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
18EST15mj16translate-names0SusaSee how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19EST16asn40a mosaic pavementA “mosaic” consists of colored stones arranged in an attractive pattern.
20EST16eyi20porphyryThis is a kind of red and purple rock that contained pieces of crystal.
21EST17urm7figs-activepassive0Drinks were served in golden cupsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The guests drank wine from gold cups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22EST17r6ec0there was much royal wine that came because of the kings generosity“the king was very generous with the royal wine”
23EST17wpq10generosity“great willingness to give”
24EST18g5gu0There must be no compulsion“No one must be forced to drink”
25EST18f6px0king had given orders to all the officials of his palace to do according to the desire of each manThis statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests as much wine as they wanted.
26EST110jv7ztranslate-numbers0On the seventh day“After 6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
27EST110le6lfigs-synecdoche0the kings heart was feeling happy because of the wineHere “heart” refers to the king, and “feeling happy” is an idiom that means he was drunk. Alternate translation: “the king was drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28EST110dcb2translate-names0Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and KarkasThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
29EST110ens5writing-background0the seven officials who served before himThis is background information to explain who these men were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
30EST111qvk40her features were stunning“she was very beautiful”
31EST112b57qfigs-activepassive0at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officialsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the kings officials told her about his command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32EST112kp6p0at the word“at the command”
33EST112bsd5figs-metaphor0his rage burned within himThe intensity of the kings anger is spoken of as if it was a fire that burned inside him. Alternate translation: “his rage was as intense as a fire inside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34EST113g9fe0who understood the times“who understood the things that happened in their lives”
35EST113x2u7writing-background0for this was the kings procedure toward all who were expert in law and judgmentThis background information explains why the king called these men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
36EST114cc44translate-names0Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and MemukanThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37EST115j6shfigs-explicit0In compliance with the law…by the officials?It may be helpful to state who asked this question. Alternate translation: The king said to them, “In compliance with the law…by the officials?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
38EST115ics90In compliance with the law“In observance of the law” or “In obedience to the law”
39EST116ss5ytranslate-names0MemukanTranslate his name as in [Esther 1:14](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
40EST116yqr8figs-hyperbole0all the officials and all the people…all the provincesThese are exaggerations to emphasize the damage that the queens refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
41EST116ecp20provincesa large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
42EST117gn4gfigs-hyperbole0all womenThis is an exaggeration to emphasize the damage that the queens refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
43EST118u6d70There will be much contempt and anger“They will be angry with their husbands and treat them with contempt”
44EST119j7p10Connecting Statement:Meremoth continues to answer the king.
45EST119d8qkfigs-123person0If it pleases the king…from him…before him…Let the kingMeremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. Alternate translation: “If it pleases you…from you…before you…Please” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
46EST119mh1afigs-activepassive0which cannot be repealedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which no one can change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
47EST120des3figs-123person0the kings decree…his vast kingdomMeremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. Alternate translation: “your decree…your vast kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
48EST120v9l3figs-activepassive0When the kings decree is proclaimedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When they hear the kings decree” or “When they hear what you have commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49EST120p8nz0vastvery wide
50EST120be9rfigs-merism0from the greatest to the least significantThis is a merism that refers to both extremes and everyone in between. This probably refers to the husbands, but it is possible that it refers to the wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
51EST121p5ustranslate-names0MemukanTranslate his name as in [Esther 1:14](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52EST122n1pr0provinceA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
53EST122jj9n0every man should be master of his own household“all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children”
54EST122e481figs-activepassive0This decree was givenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote this decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
55EST2introeb4q0# Esther 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther becomes queen<br><br>Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen.<br><br>### Mordecai warns the king against a plot<br><br>Esthers cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.<br>
56EST21dpc3writing-newevent0After these thingsThis introduces a new event that happened a while later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
57EST21e4lp0the anger of King Ahasuerus subsided“the king became less angry”
58EST21xpt90the decreeThis is refers to the decree in [Esther 1:19-20](../01/19.md).
59EST22s4hvfigs-activepassive0Let a search be madeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Tell your servants to search” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
60EST22abt8figs-123person0on the kings behalfThe men speak to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “on your behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
61EST23lu870Connecting Statement:The young servants continue to speak to the king.
62EST23g9vpfigs-123person0Let the king…the kings officialThe servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “You should…your official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
63EST23f1hs0provincesA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
64EST23j4ka0haremwhere the wives of a man with many wives live
65EST23my1y0the fortressThis refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
66EST23xqf9translate-names0SusaSee how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67EST23d754figs-activepassive0Let them be put under the care of Hegai, the kings official, who is in charge of the womenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let Hegai, the kings official, who is in charge of the women, take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68EST23lf71translate-names0HegaiThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
69EST23w1ly0their cosmeticsA “cosmetic” is a substance such as a cream, lotion, or powder that women usually put on their face or body to improve their appearance.
70EST24lh3nfigs-123person0pleases the kingThe servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “pleases you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
71EST25h6z2writing-participants0There was a certain JewThis introduces Mordecai as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
72EST25uu9itranslate-names0SusaTranslate the name of this city as in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73EST25q2rztranslate-names0son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish“Jair,” “Shimei,” and “Kish” are men from whom “Mordecai” is the male descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74EST25kw5t0a Benjamite“of the tribe of Benjamin”
75EST26egm7writing-background0He had been taken away…king of Babylonia carried awayThis background information explains how Mordecai came to live in Susa. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia carried him and other exiles away along with Jehoiachin, king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76EST26z7fe0He had been taken away from JerusalemThe Hebrew text leaves unclear who is being spoken of here. It is perhaps Kish, who seems to have been the great-grandfather of Mordecai. If it was Mordecai himself, then he would be extremely old at the time of the events concerning Esther. Many modern versions leave this matter unclear. A few versions, including the UST, choose to assume that it was Mordecai who had been taken away from Jerusalem.
77EST26ch1ttranslate-names0Jehoiachin, king of Judah(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78EST27skt5writing-background0This continues the background information about Mordecai and explains his relationship to Esther. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
79EST27m9kxtranslate-names0HadassahThis is Esthers Hebrew name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
80EST27hfm90his uncles daughter“his cousin”
81EST27ccb10she had neither father nor mother“her father and mother had died”
82EST27jl3y0took her as his own daughter“cared for her as if she was his own daughter”
83EST28c52ifigs-activepassive0When the kings order and decree were proclaimedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the king commanded that they search for some beautiful women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
84EST28qz1y0proclaimed“announced”
85EST28m3ldfigs-activepassive0many young women were broughtThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they brought many young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
86EST28mbk1figs-activepassive0They were put under Hegais careThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Hegai began to take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
87EST28n3zcfigs-activepassive0Esther also was taken into the kings palace and put under the care of Hegai, the overseer of the womenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Hegai, the overseer of the women, also began to take care of Esther when they brought her to the kings palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
88EST28a7n70palaceSee how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md).
89EST29wqb3figs-doublet0The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with himThese two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much she pleased him. Alternate translation: “The young girl greatly pleased him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
90EST29f8i80The young girl“Esther”
91EST211nz1p0about Esthers welfare“how Esther was doing” or “about Esthers well-being”
92EST212jcj8writing-background0General Information:Verses 12-14 are background information about the customs for the women who became the kings wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
93EST212p7i50complying with the regulations for the women“acting in accordance with the requirements for the women”
94EST212zhd10beauty treatmentsThings done to make the girls look more beautiful and smell good.
95EST213v133figs-activepassive0whatever she desired was given to herThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she could take whatever she desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
96EST213te4h0palaceSee how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md).
97EST214leb8writing-background0This continues the background information that began in [Esther 2:12](../02/12.md) about the customs for the women who became the kings wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
98EST214ded5figs-explicit0in the morningIt is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the next morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
99EST214lq9htranslate-numbers0second house“a different house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
100EST214yw630to the custody of Shaashgaz,…concubines“to where Shaashgaz,…concubines would take care of her”
101EST214ze740custody“supervision” or “protection”
102EST214q5yxtranslate-names0ShaashgazThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
103EST215fiy8writing-newevent0Now when the time cameThis introduces a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
104EST215jk51writing-newevent0daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughterThis background information reminds the reader of Esthers relationship to Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
105EST215mg8ytranslate-names0AbihailEsthers father and Mordecais uncle (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
106EST215qx3u0she did not ask for anything but whatThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “she asked only for what”
107EST215vw9rtranslate-names0HegaiSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
108EST215z519figs-idiom0received the favor of allThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “pleased all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
109EST216jr5stranslate-hebrewmonths0the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth“Tebeth” is the name of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part December and the first part January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
110EST216x6ygtranslate-ordinal0seventh year“year number 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
111EST217p3s70The king lovedThis is the romantic use of the word “love.”
112EST217bcu8figs-idiom0received acceptance and favor before himThese idioms mean the same thing and emphasize how much the Esther pleased the king. Alternate translation: “greatly pleased him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
113EST217sym3translate-symaction0set the royal crown on her headThe king did this to show that he was making her his queen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
114EST218b1hdfigs-explicit0“Esthers feast,”It may be helpful to state that this is the name of the feast. Alternate translation: “he called it, Esthers feast,’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115EST218ufm80he granted relief from taxation to the provinces“he collected fewer taxes from the provinces than he had been collecting”
116EST218n5cv0provincesA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
117EST218n3vx0royal generosity“generosity that only a king can give”
118EST219g38f0when the virgins had been gathered together a second timeIt is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written.
119EST219p842translate-numbers0a second time“one more time” or “an additional time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
120EST219a23f0Mordecai was sitting at the kings gatePossible meanings are 1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or 2) “sitting at the kings gate” is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king.
121EST219i8in0the kings gate“the gate to the kings palace”
122EST220fb390as Mordecai had instructed herMordecai told her not to tell anyone about her family.
123EST221vi16writing-newevent0In those daysThis introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
124EST221y2vltranslate-names0Bigthana and TereshThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
125EST222y7tvfigs-activepassive0When the matter was revealed to MordecaiThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Mordecai learned about what they were planning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
126EST222dgp3figs-idiom0in the name of MordecaiThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “on behalf of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
127EST223ld4yfigs-activepassive0The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hangedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king investigated and confirmed the report, and ordered his servants to hang both men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
128EST223y28jtranslate-unknown0a gallowsThis was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. Alternate translation: “a frame for hanging people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
129EST223g9nhfigs-activepassive0This account was writtenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They recorded this account” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
130EST3introzb260# Esther 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Haman plots against the Jews<br><br>Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire.<br>
131EST31mm4cwriting-newevent0After these thingsThis introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
132EST31ir5vtranslate-names0Haman son of Hammedatha the AgagiteThis is the name and description of Haman, one of the kings officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
133EST31ptm4figs-idiom0placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with himHere “seat of authority” represents his position or status in the government. Alternate translation: “promoted him above the other officials” or “gave him more authority than all the other officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
134EST32e25ktranslate-symaction0knelt…prostratedThese acts represent submission to the authority of Haman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
135EST32fg8v0prostrated themselves to Haman“humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman”
136EST34uek40to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that“to find out what Haman would do about Mordecais actions”
137EST35njt5translate-symaction0did not kneel and bow downMordecai showed disrespect for Hamans status in the government by not doing these actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
138EST35wk8pfigs-metaphor0Haman was filled with rageHere Hamans rage is spoken of as something that could fill him up. Alternate translation: “Haman became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139EST36k5h90He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai“He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He decided to kill more than just Mordecai”
140EST36hue90exterminate all the Jews“get rid of all the Jews” or “kill all the Jews”
141EST37zl12translate-ordinal0In the first month“In month one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
142EST37wyv6translate-hebrewmonths0which is the month of Nisan“Nisan” is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
143EST37tw99translate-ordinal0in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus“in year number 12 of King Ahasuerus” or “when King Ahasuerus had reigned for about twelve years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
144EST37g4lttranslate-names0the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown“they cast the Pur—that is the lot—” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
145EST37k3vdtranslate-ordinal0the twelfth month“month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
146EST37ih4btranslate-hebrewmonths0the month of Adar“Adar” is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
147EST38aig90a certain people“a group of people” This refers to the Jews as an ethnic group.
148EST38p4a80scattered and distributed“who live in many different places”
149EST38id3h0provincesA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
150EST38r34xfigs-123person0the kings…the kingHaman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “your…you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
151EST38bf9g0it is not suitable for the king to let them stay“the king should not let them remain.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “the king should remove them”
152EST39eh3wfigs-synecdoche0I will weigh out…into the hands of thoseHere “hands” stands for the men. To “weigh out” is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate translation: “I will pay…to the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
153EST39lhv5translate-bmoney0ten thousand talents of silver“330 metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
154EST310c9md0signet ringa special ring that could be used to imprint the kings official seal on a proclamation
155EST311sz4bfigs-activepassive0I will see that the money is given back to youThe meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) “I will return the money to you” or 2) “Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156EST312hx6cfigs-activepassive0the kings scribes were summoned…a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was writtenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king summoned his scribes…they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
157EST312t6qatranslate-hebrewmonths0thirteenth day of the first monthThis is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
158EST312th6l0kings provincial governors“governors of the provinces.” Translate “province” as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
159EST312lyf2figs-activepassive0It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ringThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote the decree in the name of King Ahasuerus and Haman sealed it with the kings signet ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
160EST312h6xpfigs-metonymy0in the name ofHere “name” represents the authority of the king. Alternate translation: “in the authority of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
161EST313hxx6figs-activepassive0Documents were hand-delivered by couriersThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Couriers hand-delivered the documents” or “Courtiers gave the documents directly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
162EST313xs6gfigs-doublet0annihilate, kill, and destroyThese words mean the same thing and emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
163EST313g5brtranslate-ordinal0thirteenth day of the twelfth month“day thirteen of month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
164EST313i5urtranslate-hebrewmonths0which is the month of Adar“Adar” is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
165EST313pbp10plundersteal by force
166EST314tj7nfigs-activepassive0A copy of the letter was made law in every provinceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The officials in every province made a copy of the letter become the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
167EST314vga20provinceA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
168EST314l9w7figs-activepassive0In every province it was made known to all the peopleThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They told all the people in every province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169EST314f6dc0this day“that day”
170EST315i12cfigs-activepassive0The decree was also distributedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They also distributed the decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
171EST315m9270the fortressThis refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
172EST315nlk8translate-names0SusaSee how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
173EST315wm4u0was in turmoil“was in a state of great confusion”
174EST4introz7u20# Esther 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mordecai warns Esther to act<br><br>Mordecai tells Esther she must beg the king for the Jews lives, even if she risks her own death.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>There is implicit information translators may not understand. “Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?” This means “maybe God made you the queen so you could save the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
175EST41nya60learned of all that had been done“found out about those letters”
176EST41vgy8translate-symaction0tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashesThese acts are signs of severe sadness. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes to show his grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
177EST43e73y0provinceA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
178EST43e7zx0there was great mourning among the Jews“the Jews mourned greatly”
179EST43djf60Many of them lay in sackcloth and ashes“Many of them were on the ground, dressed in sackcloth and sitting in ashes”
180EST44q7ll0young women and her servants“female servants and male servants”
181EST44y8bc0to clothe Mordecai“for Mordecai to wear”
182EST45vf4mtranslate-names0HathakThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
183EST45lp8mfigs-activepassive0one of the kings officials who had been assigned to serve herThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “one of the officials whom the king had assigned to serve her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
184EST46icg7translate-names0HathakSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 4:5](../04/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
185EST46mgl50the city square“the city plaza”
186EST47zq3stranslate-names0HamanSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
187EST48zt490He also gave him“Mordecai also gave Hathak”
188EST48gds60to beg for his favor“to beg for the kings favor”
189EST411d9mh0if any man or woman goes to the king…the king holds out the golden scepterThis conditional clause can be expressed as a statement. It may also be helpful to divide it into two sentences. Alternate translation: “no man or woman is allowed to go to the king inside the inner courtyard unless the king summons them. The person who breaks this law will be executed unless the king holds out his golden scepter to him”
190EST411gv1vtranslate-numbers0thirty days“30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
191EST414i1uyfigs-personification0relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another placeHere “relief” and “rescue” are spoken of as if they are living things that can rise up. Alternate translation: “someone else will rise up from another place and rescue the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
192EST414dtg7figs-rquestion0Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?The purpose of this question is to have Esther think deeply about her role in this situation. Alternate translation: “Who knows, perhaps it was for just for a time like this that you were made queen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
193EST416d6cqtranslate-names0SusaSee how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
194EST416t2wgtranslate-symaction0fast for me…will fastFasting was a symbolic act that the Jews did when they were praying intensely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fast and pray for me…will fast and pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
195EST416qw8vtranslate-numbers0three days“3 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
196EST5introk5ff0# Esther 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Hamans fall (Chapters 5-7).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esthers respect<br>Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
197EST51uk7p0facing the entrance to the house“across the room from the entrance of the house” or “looking toward the entrance to the house”
198EST52pw4xfigs-metaphor0she received approval in his eyesThe word “eyes” refers to his sight and is a metaphor for his evaluation of her. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he was pleased with her” or “he approved of her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
199EST52uu8s0He held out to her the golden scepter in his handHe did this to show that he was pleased with her.
200EST52z4mn0touched the tip of the scepterShe probably did this to show that she respected his authority and was thankful for his kindness to her.
201EST53c6h7figs-activepassive0Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
202EST54m3uyfigs-123person0If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come…for himIn order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him “you.” This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “O King, if it pleases you, come and bring Haman…for you” or “If you are willing to do this, Sir, come, and let Haman come with you…for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
203EST54nx4vtranslate-names0HamanSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
204EST56d5wrfigs-abstractnouns0What is your petitionThe abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want”? Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
205EST56e2v2figs-activepassive0It will be granted youThis can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
206EST56q5ntfigs-abstractnouns0What is your requestThe abstract noun “request” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want”? Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
207EST56pj3pfigs-activepassive0Up to half of the kingdom, it will be grantedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
208EST57r4awfigs-doublet0My petition and my requestThe words “petition” and “request” mean the same thing. She probably used these words together as a way of speaking very formally and respectfully to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
209EST58c2jyfigs-123person0if I have found favor in the eyes of the king and if it pleases the kingIn order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him “you.” This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me, O King, and if it pleases you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
210EST58c2brfigs-idiom0if I have found favor in the eyes of the king“Find favor” here is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. “In the eyes of the king” is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if the king evaluates me and approves” or “if the king is pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211EST58x8hffigs-123person0let the king and Haman comeThis can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “please come and bring Haman” or “please come and let Haman come with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
212EST58gf9bfigs-123person0I will answer the kings questionThis can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “I will answer your question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
213EST59dkg6translate-symaction0Mordecai neither rose upRising was a sign of respect. Mordecai did not give Haman special respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
214EST59s47ufigs-metaphor0he was filled with rageBeing “filled with rage” represents being very angry. Alternate translation: he was extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215EST510uc3i0NeverthelessThis can be translated with a phrase. “Even though he was so angry”
216EST510v5nlfigs-metaphor0Haman restrained himselfRestraining himself represents refusing to do something that he wanted very much to do. Haman wanted to show Mordecai that he was very angry. Alternate translation: “Haman refused to show how angry he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217EST510bcn1translate-names0ZereshThis is a womans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
218EST511mvm5figs-abstractnouns0Haman recounted to them the splendor of his riches“Splendor” and “riches” are both abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “Haman told them about how great his wealth was” or “Haman told them about the many great things he owned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
219EST511m7fqfigs-abstractnouns0all the promotions by which the king honored himThe abstract noun “promotion” can be expressed with the verb “promote.” It means that the king gave him more important work. Alternate translation: “How the king had promoted him many times and honored him” or “how the king had honored him many times by giving him more important work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
220EST511b7c5figs-metaphor0how he had advanced above all the officials and the servants of the kingAdvancing above people represents becoming more important than them. Alternate translation: “how he had become more important than all the officials and the servants of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221EST512w1bm0no one else but meThis can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “only me”
222EST513wu840is worth nothing to me“does not make me happy” or “does not satisfy me”
223EST514i2f3translate-unknown0a gallowsa structure used for killing a person by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around the persons neck and hanging him from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
224EST514k8zdtranslate-numbers0fifty cubits high“50 cubits high.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-three meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
225EST514i8is0he had the gallows constructed“he told people to construct the gallows”
226EST514bbs90This pleased Haman“Haman liked this idea”
227EST6introi9x70# Esther 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the story of Hamans fall.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Approaching the king<br>It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.<br>
228EST62syd9translate-names0Bigthana and TereshThese are the names of two men. See how your translated their names in [Esther 2:21](../02/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
229EST62u4gifigs-metaphor0It was found recorded thereHere “found” is an metaphor for learning. Both “found” and “recorded” can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They found that the writers had recorded there” or “They learned that the writers had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
230EST63lmz6figs-activepassive0What was done to give honorThis can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “What did I do to give honor” or “What did we do to give honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
231EST63n2azfigs-activepassive0Nothing was done for himThis can be expressed in active form. However it may be good to find a way that does not give the impression that servants were accusing the king. Alternate translation: “No one did anything for Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
232EST64ys6c0HamanSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md)
233EST64guv80the outer courtyard“the first courtyard from the outside”
234EST64vu7pfigs-explicit0hanging MordecaiIt can be made clear what the purpose of hanging him was. Alternate translation: “killing Mordecai by hanging him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
235EST64at53translate-unknown0the gallows he set up for himThe gallows was a structure that was used to kill people by hanging them from it. See how you translated “gallows” in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “the structure Haman set up for hanging Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
236EST64rg8t0set up“built”
237EST66ky5ifigs-123person0What should be done for the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoringHere the king speaks of himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person and in active form. Alternate translation: “What should I do for the man whom I take pleasure in honoring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
238EST66n3r5figs-idiom0the king takes pleasure in honoringTaking pleasure in doing something is an idiom for being glad to do something or wanting to do something. Alternate translation: “the king is glad to honor” or “the king wants to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
239EST66jh4ifigs-metaphor0said in his heartThe heart represents the thoughts and attitudes. Alternate translation: “thought” or “said to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
240EST66yft1figs-rquestion0Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?This can be expressed as a statement. “Surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
241EST68mz79figs-activepassive0let royal robes be broughtThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let someone bring royal robes” or “tell your servants to bring royal robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
242EST68r63j0on whose head is the royal crestThe word “whose” refers to the horse. The royal crest is a special symbol that represents the kings family.
243EST69pp3lfigs-activepassive0Then let the robes and the horse be givenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then let them give the robes and the horse” or “Then tell them to give the robes and the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
244EST69pfz60Let them dress…in honoring, and let them lead him“Tell them to dress…in honoring and to lead him”
245EST69qs3k0Let them proclaim“Tell the noble official and servants to proclaim”
246EST610gln70Do not fail in a single matter of what you have saidThe phrase “a single matter” emphasizes that he must do absolutely everything he said. It can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Be sure to do absolutely everything you have said”
247EST612uri5translate-symaction0with his head coveredPeople often covered their head to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
248EST613pkd2translate-names0ZereshSee how you translated this womans name in [Esther 6:13](../06/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
249EST613fd5kfigs-metaphor0before whom you have begun to fall…you will certainly fall before himThey spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle, and Haman was beginning to lose the battle. Here “to fall” represents being dishonored and defeated. Alternate translation: “who has already humiliated you…he will certainly defeat you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
250EST613nan5figs-metaphor0you will not overcome him“you will not win against him.” They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle. Here overcoming a person represents having greater honor than that person. Alternate translation: “you will not have greater honor than he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251EST7introx4w30# Esther 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Hamans fall concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Covering Hamans face<br><br>When “the servants covered Hamans face,” they were showing that he had been condemned to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]])<br>
252EST71n8vbtranslate-names0HamanSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
253EST72xt9f0On this second day“on this second day of feasting”
254EST72s5ae0while they were serving wine“while the servants were pouring the wine and giving it to them”
255EST72p1xtfigs-abstractnouns0What is your petitionThe abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
256EST72sem7figs-activepassive0It will be granted to youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
257EST72yks7figs-activepassive0Up to half of the kingdom, and it will be grantedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
258EST73k27cfigs-idiom0If I have found favor in your eyes, king“Find favor” here is an idiom that means to be approved of or that he is pleased with her. “In your eyes” is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “If you evaluate me and approve” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
259EST73bvi1figs-abstractnouns0this is my petitionThe abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for.” Alternate translation: “this is what I ask for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
260EST74fhs7figs-metaphor0For we have been soldThe metaphor “being sold” represents being betrayed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For someone has betrayed us” or “For someone has put us in danger of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
261EST74e9cxfigs-doublet0to be destroyed, killed, and annihilatedHere all three words have the same meaning and are used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for our enemies to destroy, kill, and annihilate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
262EST75dl4bfigs-idiom0Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thingTo fill ones heart to do something is an idiom meaning to dare to do something. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Where is the one who has dared to so such a thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
263EST76ar4f0was terrified“was extremely afraid”
264EST77bzd4figs-idiom0The king got up in a rageBeing in a rage is an idiom for being extremely angry. Alternate translation: “The king was extremely angry and got up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
265EST77uaq60to beg for his life from Queen Esther“to beg Queen Esther to save his life”
266EST77qz1mfigs-metaphor0He saw that disaster was being decidedHere seeing represents realizing or understanding. Alternate translation: “He realized that disaster was being decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
267EST77nin1figs-activepassive0disaster was being decided against him by the kingThis can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “disaster” can be expressed with the more concrete verbs “destroy” or “kill.” Alternate translation: “the king was deciding to cause a disaster against him” or “the king was deciding to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
268EST78mxd2figs-activepassive0where the wine had been servedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where servants had served the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
269EST78h4c70coucha long piece of furniture where a person can sit or lie down
270EST78thq6figs-rquestion0Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?The king uses this question to show his shock and anger at what Haman was doing. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He even dares to attack the queen in my presence and in my own house!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
271EST78l4cefigs-euphemism0assault the queen“attack the queen.” This phrase is a polite way to refer to rape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
272EST78adq6figs-metonymy0As soon as this sentence came out of the kings mouthSpeech coming out of the mouth is a metonym that represents speaking. Alternate translation: “As soon as the king said this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
273EST78ju8qfigs-explicit0the servants covered Hamans faceApparently they did this because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be killed. Alternate translation: “the servants covered Hamans face as a sign that he would be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
274EST79a7ictranslate-names0HarbonaThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
275EST79sre1translate-numbers0A gallows fifty cubits tallYou may convert “fifty cubits” to a modern measure. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “A gallows twenty-three meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
276EST710umd4figs-metaphor0Then the kings rage died downThe kings rage is a spoken of as if it were a large fire that became smaller. Alternate translation: “Then the kings rage lessened” or “Then the king was not so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277EST8introz6j70# Esther 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods protection<br>Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.<br>
278EST81nm3u0HamanSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md).
279EST82m5hztranslate-unknown0signet ringThis ring had the kings name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the kings authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:10](../03/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
280EST82z5yn0gave it to MordecaiBy giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey.
281EST82d2tj0Hamans estateThis refers to the things that had belonged to Haman and that the king had given to Esther.
282EST83uh2a0pleaded with“begged”
283EST83jmn7figs-explicit0to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite“Put an end to” here is an idiom meaning to stop something. Alternate translation: “to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite” or “to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
284EST83bp220the AgagiteSee how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md)
285EST83c2hw0scheme that he had devised“the plot that he had invented” or “the plot that Haman invented”
286EST84xh240the king held out the golden scepter to EstherHe did this to show that he was pleased with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:2](../05/02.md)
287EST85w7yl0If it pleases the king“If what I ask for pleases the king”
288EST85ftc7figs-idiom0if I have found favor in your eyesHere “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
289EST85h8zbfigs-metaphor0if the thing seems right before the king“Before the king” here is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if what I ask for seems right in the kings evaluation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
290EST85xci7figs-metonymy0I am pleasing in your eyesHere “your eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you evaluate me and I please you” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291EST85nbk30revoketake back and make of no effect
292EST85s7bttranslate-names0HammedathaThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
293EST85q2iz0provincesA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
294EST86udt6figs-rquestion0For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?Esther used these questions to show that she would be extremely sad if her people were to be destroyed. Alternate translation: “I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews. I cannot endure watching my relatives be killed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
295EST87h44hfigs-synecdoche0the house of HamanThis represents all that Haman had owned. Alternate translation: “all that had belonged to Haman” or “all of Hamans property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
296EST87t1fv0gallowsSee how you translated this in [Esther 6:4](../06/04.md)
297EST88j3mnfigs-metonymy0Write…in the name of the kingWriting something in the kings name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
298EST88t52ifigs-activepassive0For the decree…ring cannot be revokedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For no one can revoke the decree…ring” or “For no one can cancel the decree…ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
299EST88i9nnfigs-explicit0For the decree…ring cannot be revokedThe information given between the words “decree” and “cannot” is the reason that the king cannot revoke Hamans decree. It can be shown clearly that it was the reason with the word “because.” Alternate translation: “For I cannot revoke the decree that has already been written, because it was written in the kings name and sealed with the kings ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
300EST88fg72figs-metonymy0decree that has already been written in the kings nameWriting something in the kings name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
301EST89s4uefigs-activepassive0the kings scribes were calledThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king called his scribes.” The reader should understand that the king probably told an official to go and bring the scribes back with him. The king probably did not call out with a loud voice to get them to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
302EST89j356translate-hebrewmonths0the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month“Sivan” is the name of the third month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-third day is near the middle of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
303EST89sz6jfigs-activepassive0A decree was writtenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote a decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
304EST89zp4qtranslate-numbers0127 provinces“one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
305EST89bvt40provincesA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
306EST89bj5s0written in their own writing“written in their own script.” There are different writing systems around the world.
307EST810ijp2figs-metonymy0wrote in the name of King AhasuerusWriting something in the kings name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
308EST810jf310signet ringSee how you translated this phrase in [Esther 8:2](../08/02.md)
309EST810yt4j0courierspeople who carry messages
310EST810p9ucfigs-explicit0bred from the royal studThe royal stud was the kings best male horse. The horses that were used in the kings service were its offspring. Alternate translation: “the offspring of the kings best horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
311EST811ig7u0gave to the Jews…permission to gather“told the Jews…that he was allowing them to gather”
312EST811e1mjfigs-metaphor0make a standThis is a metaphor for fighting back and not running away. Alternate translation: “fight back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
313EST812hi2y0the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of AdarSee how you translated this in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md)
314EST813qk1dfigs-idiom0to take vengeance on their enemies“To take vengeance on people” here is an idiom meaning to hurt people who have hurt you. Alternate translation: “to fight back against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
315EST814b69jfigs-idiom0They went without delay“Without delay” here is an idiom meaning that they did not delay or wait. Alternate translation: “They went immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
316EST814s4qitranslate-names0SusaThis is the city where the kings palace was. See how you translated it in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
317EST815eqc4figs-metonymy0the city of Susa shouted and rejoicedThe “city” represents the people living in it. Alternate translation: “the people of the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318EST815i1ecfigs-hendiadys0shouted and rejoicedThe word “rejoiced” tells how they shouted. Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
319EST816q2rufigs-metaphor0had light and gladnessPossible meanings are that 1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. Alternate translation: “were happy and glad” or 2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. Alternate translation: “felt safe and were glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320EST816n94ufigs-explicit0honorPossible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate translation: “other people honored them” or 2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate translation: “they felt honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
321EST817k1eh0provinceA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
322EST817va7tfigs-metaphor0wherever the kings decree reachedReaching places represents going to places. Alternate translation: “wherever the kings men took his decree” or “wherever the kings decree was read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
323EST817p89m0holidayday on which people celebrate special events
324EST817r3qffigs-metaphor0the fear of the Jews had fallen on themFear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. Alternate translation: “they had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
325EST9introyty10# Esther 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Purim<br>The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as “Purim.”<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic Situation<br>The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony.<br>
326EST91t9yc0the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth daySee how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
327EST91wh56figs-idiom0when the kings law and decree were about to be carried out“Carry out” here is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the people were about to obey the kings law and decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
328EST91ect2figs-idiom0to gain power over themGaining power over people is an idiom for defeating them. Alternate translation: “to defeat the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
329EST91lq9yfigs-metaphor0it was reversed“the situation was reversed.” The situation being reversed is a metaphor meaning that the opposite of what was expected happened. Alternate translation: “the opposite happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
330EST92t3lz0provincesA province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
331EST92tj62figs-metonymy0to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on themLaying hands on people is a metonym for fighting against them. Alternate translation: “to fight their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
332EST92d44xfigs-idiom0who tried to bring disaster on themTo bring disaster on people is an idiom meaning to cause a disaster to happen to them. In this case it refers to destroying them. Alternate translation: “who tried to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
333EST92x8s3figs-metonymy0No one could stand against themStanding against people represents resisting their attack. Alternate translation: “No one could resist the attack of the Jews” or “No one could successfully fight against the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
334EST92h7jhfigs-metaphor0the fear of them had fallen on all the peoplesFear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. Alternate translation: “all the peoples had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
335EST93xn990provincial governors“governors of the provinces”
336EST93q2uefigs-metaphor0the fear of Mordecai had fallen on themFear falling on people represents people becoming afraid. Alternate translation: “they had become afraid of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
337EST94xd490was great in the kings house“was very important in the kings palace”
338EST94mr66figs-metaphor0his fame spread throughout all the provincesFame spreading through places represents people in those places learning about how great he was. Alternate translation: “throughout the provinces people learned about how great he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
339EST96g8ht0the fortressThis refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
340EST96b5fttranslate-names0SusaThis was a royal city of Persian kings. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
341EST96ha18translate-numbers0five hundred men“500 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
342EST97s6x2translate-names0Parshandatha, Dalphon, AspathaThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
343EST98g6zxtranslate-names0Poratha, Adalia, AridathaThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
344EST99gj4ptranslate-names0Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, VaizathaThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
345EST910fsa2translate-numbers0ten sons“10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
346EST910tv36translate-names0HamanThis is the name and description of Haman, one of the kings officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
347EST910r3bitranslate-names0HammedathaSee how you translated this mans name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
348EST910xt5b0the enemy of the JewsThis phrase tells us about Haman.
349EST912cz3etranslate-numbers0five hundred men“500 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
350EST912j5p9translate-numbers0ten sons“10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
351EST912vh5lfigs-rquestion0What then have they done in the rest of the kings provinces?The king uses this question to show that he believes that the Jews must have also killed many people in the other provinces. Alternate translation: “What they must have done in the rest of the kings provinces!” or “They must have killed many more in the rest of the kings provinces!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
352EST912s3srfigs-abstractnouns0what is your petition?The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “what do you ask for?” or “what do you want?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
353EST912n3uafigs-activepassive0It will be granted youThis can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
354EST912ly4gfigs-abstractnouns0What is your request?The abstract noun “request” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “What do you ask for?” or “What do you want?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
355EST913nz41figs-idiom0to carry out this days decree tomorrow also“Carry out” here is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. Alternate translation: “to obey todays decree tomorrow also” or “to do tomorrow also what was decreed that they should do today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
356EST913nr1ptranslate-numbers0ten sons“10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
357EST913qyu8translate-unknown0gallowsThis was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “a frame for hanging people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
358EST915p9gc0the fourteenth day of the month of AdarSee how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
359EST915lp12figs-metonymy0laid no hands on the plunderLaying their hands on things represents taking them. Alternate translation: “took none of the plunder” or “did not take any of the plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360EST916i1d1translate-numbers0seventy-five thousand“75,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
361EST916m2cxfigs-metonymy0they did not lay their hands on the valuables of those they killedLaying their hands on things represents taking them. Alternate translation: “they did not take any of the valuables of the people they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
362EST916kms10valuables“valuable things” or “possessions”
363EST917ll4f0the thirteenth day of the month of AdarSee how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
364EST917kjj10On the fourteenth day they rested“On the fourteenth day of Adar the Jews who were in the provinces rested”
365EST918w531figs-explicit0the Jews who were in Susa assembled togetherWhy they assembled together can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the Jews who were in Susa assembled together to fight against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
366EST921n4v9figs-idiom0to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every yearTo keep a day is an idiom that means to celebrate it. Alternate translation: “to celebrate the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar every year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
367EST922nch1figs-metaphor0their sorrow turned to joyTurning represents changing. The abstract nouns sorrow and joy can be expressed with “sad” and “joyful.” Alternate translation: “they changed from being very sad to being joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
368EST923fy5p0General Information:This passage summarizes much of the story of Esther in order to explain the reason for the festival of Purim.
369EST924ib25translate-names0Haman son of Hammedatha the AgagiteThis is the name and description of Haman, one of the kings officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
370EST924bcy20he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots)“Pur” was the Persian word for “lot.” The phrase “he threw lots” explains what “he threw Pur” means.
371EST924xz7sfigs-explicit0he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots)Why he threw Pur, or lots, can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day to attack the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
372EST925m8x30But when the matter came before the kingThe Hebrew text can also be interpreted to mean, “But when Esther came before the king.” Some modern versions choose this interpretation.
373EST925y57bfigs-idiom0the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should come back on his own head“Come back on his own head” means that it should be done to Haman. Alternate translation: “the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should be done to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
374EST926buf1figs-idiom0they called these days Purim, after the name of PurTo call something after something else is an idiom that means to give it the same name or a similar name. Alternate translation: “They called these days Purim, like the word Pur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
375EST926c1gitranslate-names0PurimThis is the name of the festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Hamans plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
376EST926yq8mfigs-explicit0the name of Pur.It can be stated clearly what “Pur” means. Alternate translation: “the word Pur, which means lot.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
377EST928hc8sfigs-activepassive0These days were to be celebrated and observedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Jews were to celebrate and observe these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
378EST928i2qk0would never cease to faithfully observeThis can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “would always faithfully observe”
379EST929je8e0Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote…this second letterEsther was the daughter of Abihail. Esther and Mordecai wrote the letter.
380EST929cm8ctranslate-names0AbihailEsthers father and Mordecais uncle. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:15](../02/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
381EST929ku7dtranslate-numbers0second letter“additional letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
382EST930iw9yfigs-activepassive0Letters were sent to all the JewsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They sent letters to all the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
383EST930u389translate-numbers0127 provinces“one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
384EST930iaf7figs-abstractnouns0wishing the Jews safety and truthThe abstract nouns “safety” and “truth” can be expressed with phrases. Alternate translation: “wishing that the Jews would be safe and that people would be faithful to the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
385EST931rl2sfigs-metaphor0The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendantsAccepting an obligation is a metaphor for agreeing with the obligation. The abstract noun “obligation” can be expressed with the verb “obligate.” Alternate translation: “The Jews agreed and said that they and their descendants were obligated to celebrate the days of Purim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
386EST931rgr9figs-metaphor0they accepted times of fasting and lamentingAccepting times of fasting and lamenting is a metaphor for agreeing to fast and lament at certain times. Alternate translation: “they agreed to fast and lament at certain times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
387EST10introh4m40# Esther 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mordecais new position<br><br>Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews.<br>
388EST101b5htfigs-metonymy0imposed a tax on the land and on the coastlands along the seaTo impose a tax means to make people pay a tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. Alternate translation: “made the people living in the land and on the coastlands along the sea pay a tax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
389EST102p98nfigs-abstractnouns0All the achievements of his power and mightThe abstract noun “achievements” can be expressed with the verb “achieve” or the phrase “do great things. The abstract nouns “power” and “might” can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: “All that he achieved because of how powerful and mighty he was” or “All the great things that he did because of his power and might” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
390EST102k7tcfigs-metaphor0the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised himThe king honoring Mordecai is spoken of as if the king physically raised him up. Alternate translation: “the full account of how the King had made it known that Mordecai was great” or “the full account of how the king had honored Mordecai for the great things he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
391EST103wfb80second in rank to King Ahasuerus“the most important person after King Ahasuerus”
392EST103iui7figs-metaphor0Jewish brothersThe word brothers represents people who were like him. Alternate translation: “fellow Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
393EST103wte9figs-metaphor0he sought the welfare of his peopleSeeking something is a metaphor for working hard for something. The abstract noun “welfare” can be translated as a phrase with the verb “prosper” or the adjective “secure.” Alternate translation: “He worked hard so his people would prosper” or “He worked hard so his people would be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
394EST103s8f80he spoke for the peace of all his people“he represented his people so that they might have peace”