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Jews
Here "Jews" is a metonym for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. AT: "Jewish leaders" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
If anyone keeps my word
"Word" here is a synecdoche for the entire message of Jesus. AT: "If anyone obeys my teaching" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
taste death
This is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. AT: "die" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you?
The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. AT: "You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
father
forefather
Who do you make yourself out to be?
The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. AT: "You should not think that you are so important!" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)