unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_09-1SA.tsv

298 KiB

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
21SA11xa1ttranslate-names0RamathaimThis is the name of a small village possibly located eight kilometers northwest of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
31SA11mwm2translate-names0the ZuphitesThis is the name of a people group that descended from Zuph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41SA11cjl8translate-names0Elkanah ... Jeroham ... Elihu ... Tohu ... ZuphThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
51SA12g5tktranslate-names0PeninnahThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
61SA13wr8l0YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
71SA13w8setranslate-names0Eli, Hophni and PhinehasThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
81SA15xq4vtranslate-names0HannahThis is a woman's name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91SA16f5cg0Her rival provoked her severelyThe other wife would often grieve and shame Hannah.
101SA17bzk30her rivalThis is Peninnah, the other wife of Elkanah. A rival is someone who competes against another person. In this case Peninnah was competing against Hannah to try to get Elkanah to love her best.
111SA19s3gh0General Information:Hannah begins to pray to Yahweh, and Eli watches.
121SA110b85ffigs-explicit0She was deeply distressedHannah was deeply troubled or grieved because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah, her husband's other wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
131SA111peh30Connecting Statement:Hannah's prayer to Yahweh continues.
141SA111l71a0call me to mindThis is a special plea to God to take action on Hannah's behalf. God does know what is happening to Hannah; he has not forgotten.
151SA112js4qtranslate-names0Eli watched herEli was the chief priest, so he was in the tabernacle of God and in charge of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
161SA115qnz50I am a woman of a sorrowful spiritI am a woman who is deeply sad
171SA116j8n8figs-doublet0concern and provocationThese words both mean that Hannah is sad and annoyed because her rival has been provoking her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
181SA116t7tp0concernPeninnah irritates and annoys her.
191SA116l6kn0provocationHannah is referring to the grief and shame she feels because Peninnah is being cruel to her.
201SA117a5u20Then Eli answeredEli was the head priest residing over the tabernacle.
211SA119r2kg0remembered herGod knew what was happening to Hannah; he had not forgotten her. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 1:11](../01/11.md).
221SA120n4840Hannah conceivedHannah became pregnant
231SA122n9zg0is weanedstops drinking milk and starts eating only solid food
241SA122ui7y0he may appear before Yahweh and live there foreverHannah had promised God that she would allow Samuel to live and work with Eli the priest in the temple ([1 Samuel 1:11](../01/11.md)).
251SA123t6a90nursed her songave her son milk
261SA124u3axtranslate-bvolume0ephahAn ephah is about 22 liters of dry material. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
271SA124dn9w0bottleWine was kept in animal skins, not glass bottles.
281SA21e9ksfigs-parallelism0General Information:Hannah recites a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
291SA21aq770My heart exultsI have great joy
301SA22v6e5figs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
311SA22tvt6figs-metaphor0there is no rock like our GodThis is another way of saying that God is strong and faithful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321SA22xqh20rockThis is a rock large enough to hide behind or to stand on and so be high above one's enemies.
331SA23k2upfigs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. She speaks as if other people were listening to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
341SA23l38w0no arroganceno arrogant words
351SA24v82qfigs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
361SA24u7850put on ... a beltThis is the general term for putting something around one's waist to prepare for work.
371SA25t7agfigs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
381SA25q5su0gives birth to sevengives birth to seven children
391SA25uun50languishesbecomes weak and sad and lonely
401SA26rlw4figs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
411SA26wy38figs-merism0Yahweh kills ... brings to life ... brings down ... raises upYahweh is in control of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
421SA27rdi6figs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
431SA27p7ghfigs-merism0makes some people poor ... some rich ... humbles ... lifts upYahweh is in control of everything. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
441SA28ui1hfigs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
451SA28x5qkfigs-metaphor0out of the dust ... from the ash heapThese are metaphors for the lowest position in society. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461SA28kfa70the needypeople who do not have the things that they need
471SA29n8u2figs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
481SA29ms180by strengthbecause he is strong
491SA210mph9figs-parallelism0Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
501SA212q8jj0General Information:When people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal's fat and then boil the meat and eat it.
511SA213j81a0customA custom is an action that people regularly do.
521SA214r3hj0pana small metal container for boiling and cooking
531SA214ye8t0kettlea large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking
541SA214y3g80cauldrona large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking
551SA214u3la0pota clay container for cooking
561SA215q7b60General Information:When people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal's fat and then boil the meat, give some to the priest, and eat the rest.
571SA215a5zh0Worse, beforeThey even did something worse than that. Before
581SA215f4np0Give meat to roast for the priestGive me some meat so I can give it to the priest so he can roast it
591SA215a5aa0roastcook over a fire
601SA215c19i0boiledcooked in water
611SA215y5r20rawnot cooked
621SA217yx430despised Yahweh's offeringThe young men did not like Yahweh's instructions regarding the offering and paid no attention to them.
631SA220tc3y0because of the request she made of YahwehHannah had asked Yahweh for a baby and promised him that she would give the baby to serve in the temple.
641SA221k1xe0before YahwehThis means where Yahweh could see him and Samuel could learn about Yahweh.
651SA225eb5j0speak for himask Yahweh to have mercy on him
661SA227u5410your ancestorAaron
671SA228z66e0to go up to my altar, and to burn incenseThis refers to making an offering to Yahweh.
681SA229tk440Connecting Statement:The man of God continues to speak to Eli.
691SA229ai4j0the place where I livethe place where my people bring offerings to me
701SA229en930making yourselves fat with the best of every offeringThe best part of the offering was to be burned up as an offering to Yahweh, but the priests were eating it.
711SA230agt30Far be it from me to do thisI will certainly not allow your family to serve me forever
721SA235zj6d0what is in my heart and in my soulwhat I want him to do and what I tell him to do
731SA236tmh40himthe faithful priest whom God will raise up
741SA31w5tu0Yahweh's word was rareYahweh did not often speak to people
751SA33vl1e0The lamp of GodThis is the seven-candle lampstand in the holy place of the tabernacle that burned every day and through the night until it was empty.
761SA36mt8gfigs-metaphor0my sonEli was not Samuel's true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel's father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
771SA310tcr30Yahweh came and stoodPossible meanings are 1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or 2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel.
781SA311z6qj0tingleThis means to feel like someone is gently poking with small, sharp objects, usually because of the cold or because someone has slapped that body part with their hand.
791SA313dp7i0brought a curse upon themselvesdid those things which Yahweh had said he would punish those who did them
801SA314n75w0the sins of his housethe sins that the people in his family have committed
811SA316p47bfigs-metaphor0my sonEli was not Samuel's true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel's father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to answer him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821SA317w2ne0the word he spokethe message Yahweh gave
831SA320km4x0All IsraelAll the people in Israel
841SA41ahq8translate-names0Ebenezer ... AphekThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
851SA43v2ec0the peoplethe soldiers who had been fighting the battle
861SA43d9z90Why has Yahweh defeated us today before the Philistines? Let us bring ... enemiesThe elders truly did not know why Yahweh had defeated them, but they wrongly thought they knew how to make sure it did not happen again, by bringing the ark to be with them.
871SA44vz4l0PhinehasThis Phinehas is not the same as the grandson of Aaron in Exodus and Numbers.
881SA44w7gp0were therewere in Shiloh
891SA46hsc80the ark of Yahweh had come into the campthe people had carried the ark of Yahweh into the camp
901SA412x3210clothes torn and earth on his headThis is a way to express deep mourning in Israelite culture.
911SA413tx5efigs-idiom0his heart trembled with concernThis is an idiom which means he was very fearful or terribly concerned about something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
921SA414p7if0The manThe man of Benjamin
931SA416c94pfigs-metaphor0my sonEli was not the other man's true father. Eli speaks as if he were the man's father to show the man that he is not angry but that the man needs to answer him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
941SA417q67g0Israel fled from the PhilistinesThis is a general statement about what happened. The rest of the man's words give details.
951SA418li8q0When he mentionedWhen the man of Benjamin mentioned
961SA418duf30mentionedspoke of
971SA419cm810his daughter-in-lawEli's daughter-in-law
981SA51r22j0NowThis word marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a word or phrase that does the same, you could use it here.
991SA52ibj10house of DagonThis refers to the temple of Dagon, the god of the Philistines.
1001SA53fn9x0behold, Dagonthey were very surprised to see that Dagon
1011SA53z1gyfigs-explicit0Dagon had fallen facedown on the groundThe reader should understand that Yahweh had caused the statue to fall on its face during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1021SA54jsj60Dagon had fallenThe reader should understand that Yahweh had caused Dagon to fall.
1031SA54fww10The head of Dagon and both of his hands were lying cut offIt was as if Yahweh were a soldier who had defeated his enemy and cut off the enemy's head and hands.
1041SA55l4mawriting-background0This is why, even todayThe writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1051SA56ddj30tumorsPossible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids.
1061SA57y9dm0the men of Ashdod realizedthe men of Ashdod understood
1071SA59sxg10tumorsPossible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md)
1081SA511se4g0there was a deathly panic throughout the citypeople all over the city were afraid that they were going to die
1091SA512djg2figs-explicit0The men who did not dieThis implies that many men actually died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1101SA512u8uu0tumorsPossible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1111SA6introz9kg0# 1 Samuel 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter ends the story of the Ark of the Covenant among the Philistines.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Philistines send the Ark back to Israel<br><br>The Philistine leaders asked their priests what they should do with the Ark. The priests said to send it off with an offering. The Philistines put the Ark on a cart drawn by cows and let them go wherever they wanted to go. The cows went straight toward Israel. When some people peeked into the Ark, God killed them. Because of this, the people sent the Ark to Kiriath Jearim.<br>
1121SA62rk4s0the priests and the divinersThese were pagan priests and diviners who worshiped Dagon.
1131SA62nd2k0Tell us how we should send itThe Philistines wanted to know how to get rid of the ark without angering Yahweh any further.
1141SA63ly3u0you will be healedyou will no longer be ill
1151SA64ej9d0tumorsPossible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1161SA64kn780micemore than one mouse
1171SA65b9t40modelsA model is something that looks like a real thing.
1181SA65jv130tumorsPossible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1191SA65n47l0that ravagethat are destroying
1201SA67c6760two nursing cowstwo cows that have calves that are still drinking milk
1211SA68d3hf0Then send it off and let it go its own wayNormally the two cows would head back home to their calves.
1221SA69n7560if it goes ... to Beth Shemesh, then it is YahwehIt is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine area.
1231SA611l2qq0miceTranslated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
1241SA611hg4l0castings of their tumorsmodels of their tumors
1251SA611h2re0tumorsPossible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1261SA612d3ub0The cows went straight in the direction of Beth ShemeshNursing cows would normally return to their calves, but these cows went to Beth Shemesh.
1271SA612iv940lowing as they wentLowing is the noise cows make with their voices.
1281SA613ha2r0NowThe writer is introducing a new part of the story. If your language has a way of marking the beginning of a new part of the story, you could use it here.
1291SA613teg50people of Beth ShemeshThese were Israelites.
1301SA614dx590A great stone was thereThe people used this stone as an altar when they offered the cows as sacrifices.
1311SA615u7kn0The Levites took down the ark of YahwehThis actually happened before they chopped the cart into firewood to use in offering the cows to Yahweh.
1321SA615km1p0The Levites took down the arkAccording to the law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark.
1331SA615lq8f0the box that was with it, where the golden figures werethe box containing the gold models of the rats and the tumors
1341SA616ke9z0the five rulers of the Philistinesthe five Philistine kings
1351SA617rf990tumorsPossible meanings are 1) painful swelling under the skin or 2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
1361SA618vv5i0miceTranslated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
1371SA618j5660fortified citiesThese are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies.
1381SA618z1wltranslate-names0JoshuaThis is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1391SA618ksv70to this dayto the time at which the writer wrote the book
1401SA619gl4f0they had looked into the arkThe ark was so holy that no one was permitted to look inside it. Only the priests were allowed to even see the ark.
1411SA621n5grtranslate-names0Kiriath JearimThis was a town in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1421SA71vxi4translate-names0Kiriath JearimThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1431SA71uf4mtranslate-names0Abinadab ... EleazarThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1441SA76a817figs-explicit0drew water and poured it out before YahwehPossible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1451SA79b1zp0nursing lamba lamb that is still drinking its mother's milk
1461SA79w6zg0cried outcried out for help
1471SA79plu50Yahweh answered himYahweh did what Samuel asked him to do
1481SA710i1ra0routedTo rout people is to defeat them before they can cause any harm.
1491SA711z9iqtranslate-names0Beth KarThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1501SA712wsp20took a stone and set itThe Israelites and other peoples in that land would place a large stone where important events had happened as a reminder of God's help.
1511SA712p5qvtranslate-names0Mizpah ... ShenThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1521SA713tts10So the Philistines were subduedThe writer has just finished telling how the Philistines were subdued. If your language has a way of marking the end of a description, you could use it here.
1531SA713xr1h0they did not enter the border of IsraelThe Philistines did not enter Israel's border to attack them.
1541SA716p2sh0went on a circuittraveled from place to place in a rough circle
1551SA716qa190He decided disputesDisputes are arguments or disagreements between two or more people.
1561SA8introek6j0# 1 Samuel 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>### Saul and Samuel<br><br>The section including chapters 8-16 begins a new part of the story. The people wanted a king, and God chose Saul, the man the people wanted, to be their king. He was not the king Yahweh wanted.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people want a king<br><br>When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel's warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
1571SA83pt6z0perverted justicejudged in favor of those who did evil
1581SA85jwe40Appoint for us a king to judge usThe leaders wrongly believed that a king, and his sons after him, would rule justly.
1591SA86z6je0But it displeased Samuel ... Give us a king to judge usSamuel was unhappy that the people did not just want him to remove his corrupt sons and to appoint honest judges, but they wanted a king to rule over them like other countries had.
1601SA87a4k70but they have rejected meYahweh knew that the people were not just rejecting corrupt judges, but they were rejecting Yahweh as their king.
1611SA88xfk70I brought them out of EgyptThis refers to Yahweh freeing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt many years before.
1621SA89dmf60Now listen to themNow do what they are asking you to do
1631SA89c3yq0warn them solemnlybe very serious as you warn them
1641SA811lsu40This will be the practice ... He will takeThe practice of the king will be to take. This begins the list of things he will take.
1651SA811s2yh0appoint them to his chariotshave them drive chariots in battle
1661SA811w2k20be his horsemenThey will ride horses into battle.
1671SA813d6m40Connecting Statement:Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
1681SA813m3k50to be perfumersto make good-smelling oils to put on his body
1691SA814uib20olive orchardsfields of olive trees
1701SA815bsk5translate-fraction0a tenth of your grainThey will have to divide their grain into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1711SA815l9c7translate-fraction0a tenth ... of your vineyardsThey will have to divide the wine that they produce in their vineyards into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king's officers and servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1721SA815bsq90officersThese are the leaders of the king's army.
1731SA816eii90Connecting Statement:Samuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
1741SA817t81y0you will be his slavesyou will feel as if you are his slaves
1751SA818l9mn0you will cry outPossible meanings are 1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or 2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly .
1761SA822vjc20go to his own citygo home
1771SA91y487writing-background0General Information:If your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1781SA91k9kq0a man of influencePossible meanings are 1) he was a wealthy man or 2) he was a nobleman or 3) he was a mighty and brave man.
1791SA91sxy3translate-names0Kish ... Abiel ... Zeror ... Bekorath ... AphiahThese are names of the men of Saul's family line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1801SA91q9zb0BenjamiteA Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin.
1811SA92b5il0handsomesomeone who looks good
1821SA92vg770From his shoulders upward he was taller than any of the peopleThe other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders.
1831SA93cd5a0NowThe writer has ended the background information that began in ([1 Samuel 9:1](../09/01.md)) and starts a new main part of the story.
1841SA93f2dz0arise and gostop what you are doing and go
1851SA94z5qctranslate-names0the hill country of Ephraim ... the land of Shalishah ... the land of Shaalim ... the land of the BenjamitesThese are all areas in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1861SA95sqm4translate-names0land of ZuphThis is an area in Israel just north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1871SA96bwk40which way we should go on our journeywhich way we should go to find the donkeys
1881SA97mr9g0what can we bring the man?Giving a gift is a sign of respect for the man of God.
1891SA99d7htwriting-background0Formerly in Israel ... seerThis is cultural information added by the Hebrew author. If it is not natural in your language to state this information here, it can be moved to the end of verse 11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1901SA99ejv40For today's prophet was formerly called a seerSeer is the old name for what we call a prophet today
1911SA912lk9k0the people are sacrificing todayThese are likely the feast or first-fruit sacrifices, not the sin sacrifices, which must be held at the tabernacle.
1921SA914uw7s0to go up to the high placeThis is a place that the people had designated as holy to make sacrifices and offerings to Yahweh. The writer writes as though it were outside the wall that was around the city.
1931SA915uxs4writing-background0General Information:The writer stops telling the story and gives background information so the reader can understand what happens next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1941SA916gzr8figs-euphemism0you will anoint him to be princeThe term prince is used here instead of king. This is the man whom God has chosen to be king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1951SA916r7na0the land of Benjaminthe land where people from the tribe of Benjamin live
1961SA916q8ng0For I have looked on my people with pityMy people are suffering and I want to help them
1971SA917g1vw0Yahweh told himYahweh told Samuel
1981SA918pwf20the seerthe prophet of Yahweh
1991SA922wn3v0the hallThe writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together.
2001SA922rw250head placeThis is the seat of honor.
2011SA924s46f0what was on itPossible meanings are 1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or 2) other parts of the bull.
2021SA925i36v0on the rooftopThis is a normal place for family and guests to eat, visit, and sleep. It tends to be cooler in the evening and at night than the inside of the house.
2031SA927e7zg0that I may announce the message of God to youso that I can tell you God's message for you
2041SA101y1dk0took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul's headIn Israelite culture, when a prophet poured oil on someone's head, that person received a blessing from Yahweh.
2051SA101df9v0flaska small container made from baked clay
2061SA102ndv7translate-names0ZelzahThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2071SA102f21q0What should I do about my son?Saul's father is now concerned about Saul and wants to find him.
2081SA103nc4ktranslate-names0TaborThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2091SA105ha8htranslate-unknown0tambourineThis is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2101SA109ifw6figs-idiom0God gave him another heartGod enabled Samuel to think differently from the way he had thought before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2111SA1011us3j0the son of KishSaul, the son of Kish
2121SA1014kwk60Then Saul's uncle said to himThen the brother of Saul's father said to Saul
2131SA1016t8y50he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdomSaul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel
2141SA1019x7u70todaySamuel is speaking of the time since Israel had begun to reject God, not only the time since the sun had last set.
2151SA1019r9bd0Set a king over usGive us a king to rule us
2161SA1019ut8y0present yourselves before Yahweh by your tribes and by your clansgather together by tribes and clans and come to stand before Yahweh
2171SA1023ab3b0he was taller than any of the people from his shoulders upwardThe other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md).
2181SA1027qwt60despisedstrongly disliked or hated
2191SA111q5a1translate-names0NahashThis is a man from Ammon, a descendent of Lot, Abraham's nephew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2201SA111y34wtranslate-names0Jabesh GileadThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2211SA114xw6vtranslate-names0GibeahThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2221SA117j26n0does not come out afterSaul was calling all the men of Israel to come fight against Nahash and the Ammonites.
2231SA117wi7p0Then the terror of Yahweh fell on the peopleYahweh enabled people to fearfully respect Saul as their king. The result was that the men rallied together with Saul at Bezek.
2241SA118r5l1translate-names0BezekThis is the name of a town near Jabesh Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2251SA119lst90Jabesh Gilead ... JabeshThese are the names of places. See how you translated them in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md).
2261SA1110h3ne0NahashThis is the name of a king. See how you translated this name in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md).
2271SA1111d6lh0the morning watchThis was before dawn when most people in the camp were still asleep.
2281SA1115anj50made Saul king before Yahwehmade Saul king while Yahweh watched
2291SA1115y7hb0There they sacrificed peace offerings before YahwehPart of Samuel's service to Yahweh is to offer sacrifices even though he is not from the line of Aaron or Levi.
2301SA12introabcc0# 1 Samuel 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samuel's farewell address<br>This chapter serves as a type of farewell address. This is a way for leaders to give instructions to their followers before they leave or die. Samuel first established his holiness before calling on the people to repent of their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>It is common in Scripture to use Israel's history to show how faithful God has been. This gives the readers evidence to trust in Yahweh in their current situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
2311SA123xi9r0Testify against me, and I will restore it to youIf I have done any of these evil things, speak now, and I will pay back what I owe. I will make right any wrong
2321SA124w6u5figs-euphemism0from any man's handThis phrase means what a person possesses or what they have done to obtain favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen, nor has he given or taken bribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2331SA125s4uvfigs-euphemism0in my handThis phrase means what a person possesses or what they have done to obtain favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen, nor has he given or taken bribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2341SA127p1jp0all of the righteous deeds of YahwehSamuel is calling their attention to the history of Yahweh's dealing with Israel, which has been filled with goodness and purpose.
2351SA128hds1translate-names0Jacob ... Moses ... AaronThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2361SA129s9g10into the hand of Sisera ... Philistines ... king of Moabinto the power of Sisera ... Philistines ... king of Moab
2371SA129yb45translate-names0SiseraThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2381SA129db38translate-names0HazorThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2391SA129tqv10he sold themThis is an expression for God giving them over to their enemies to be their slaves.
2401SA1211frh40Jerub BaalThis is sometimes translated Jerubbaal. This is a name of godly honor and strength to fight the false god.
2411SA1211zc87figs-explicit0Yahweh sent ... and gave you victorySamuel is telling the story of what God did after the people's confession of sin and plea for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2421SA1211uy4ltranslate-names0Jerub Baal, Bedan, Jephthah, and SamuelThese are the names of some judges that God raised up. Samuel included himself in this list. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2431SA1213b1z6figs-parallelism0whom you have chosen, whom you have asked forThese two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that this is the king whom the people wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2441SA1214qrk5figs-parallelism0fear ... serve ... obey ... not rebelThese similar words are used to emphasize how important this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2451SA1217kyk20he may send thunder and rainSamuel is asking Yahweh to punish Israel for asking for a king by sending a rainstorm during the harvest which will ruin the grain.
2461SA1221ek550turn away after empty thingspursue worship of false gods
2471SA1223jh36figs-explicit0far be it from me that I should sin against Yahweh by ceasing to pray for youThe people are filled with fear because of the rain and thunder that Yahweh sent when Samuel prayed. Some people may believe Samuel would use his prayers to harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2481SA131xn4d0General Information:Samuel has renewed Saul's kingdom at Gilgal and Samuel has reminded the people to follow the Lord.
2491SA131cyx80Saul was thirty years old ... over IsraelThe text of this verse in ancient copies seems to have been mutilated, so modern versions have many different translations. They are all attempts to represent the most probable meaning of the original text.
2501SA132gq8stranslate-names0MichmashThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2511SA132p5jv0Gibeah of BenjaminGibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md).
2521SA132esc40The rest of the soldiers he sent homeHe sent the rest of the soldiers home
2531SA133ia2vtranslate-names0GebaThis is the name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2541SA134m9rj0All Israel heard that Saul had defeatedPossible meanings are that 1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan's actions or 2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan's actions.
2551SA135ilg1figs-hyperbole0troops as numerous as the sand on the seashoreThis is an exaggeration that means a group of soldiers so large that it was difficult to count them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2561SA135xgl1translate-names0MichmashThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2571SA135m7kgtranslate-names0Beth AvenThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2581SA136a5jv0General Information:The Philistines had gathered together to fight against Israel.
2591SA136p7120the peopleThis phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
2601SA136u7b90the people were distressedthe people worried greatly
2611SA137q9n60followed him tremblingThe people were greatly afraid.
2621SA138r3fs0the time Samuel had setaccording to the time Samuel had told them he would come
2631SA139p5s80Then he offered the burnt offeringOnly the line of Aaron was permitted to perform the burnt offering sacrifice to God.
2641SA1311r1c1figs-rquestion0What have you doneSamuel was not really asking a question, but giving a rebuke to Saul. Saul sought to defend his actions even though they were wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2651SA1311r1ii0MichmashMichmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:2](../13/02.md).
2661SA1313wtr20You have not kept the command of YahwehSaul was to wait for Samuel to come and sacrifice the burnt offering to God. He was not to perform the sacrifice himself.
2671SA1315t3ur0went up from GilgalGilgal is a city. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md).
2681SA1315by5i0Gibeah of BenjaminGibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md).
2691SA1316yzn90Geba of BenjaminGeba is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
2701SA1316gre70Philistines camped at MichmashMichmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:2](../13/02.md).
2711SA1317h5tq0Raiders cameRaiders are normally military people who attack enemy villages for their food and other supplies.
2721SA1317plh5translate-names0Ophrah, to the land of ShualThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2731SA1318jd1rtranslate-names0Beth Horon ... Valley of ZeboyimThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2741SA1319nlg30General Information:The narrative shifts to background information regarding blacksmiths in Israel.
2751SA1320gyk20mattock ... ax ... sickleThese are common garden tools.
2761SA1320rc730sicklea curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks
2771SA1321e1et0straightening the goadstaking out the bend and making the ox goad straight again so it could be used
2781SA1322mpy20General Information:The narrative continues.
2791SA1322lcm60there were no swords or spearsThis explains in part why Saul's army was afraid. They did not have any weapons to fight.
2801SA141m1uz0General Information:Jonathan begins his second raid on the Philistines' army.
2811SA141kea80his young armor bearera teenage boy who is responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war
2821SA141s7kb0Philistines' garrisonThis is an outpost staffed by the Philistine army.
2831SA142r25gtranslate-names0GibeahThis is the name of a hill north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2841SA142z13e0under the pomegranate treea tree whose fruit is thick skinned, round, red and has many seeds to eat
2851SA143ihr70Phinehas son of EliPhinehas was one of the priests. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:3](../01/03.md).
2861SA144g7r2translate-names0the other rocky cliff was called SenehThis was the name of the other cliff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2871SA145t2qrtranslate-names0Michmash ... Gebatowns north of Jerusalem (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2881SA146zb4m0his young armor bearerThis was a teenage boy who was responsible for caring for his master's weapons of war. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:1](../14/01.md).
2891SA146v7vs0uncircumcised fellowsa derogatory term used for non-Jewish men
2901SA149np7k0will not cross over to themwill not go over to the other side of the valley where the Philistines are
2911SA1410le8f0This will be the sign to usThis will confirm that the Lord will be with us
2921SA1411gw4e0revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistinesallowed the Philistine soldiers to see them
2931SA1411nz3b0the garrisonthe army camp
2941SA1411mw3efigs-metaphor0coming out of the holes where they have hidden themselvesThe Philistines implied that the Hebrews had been hiding in holes in the ground like animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2951SA1413h93x0his armor bearer put some to death behind himJonathan's armor bearer followed him and also killed Philistine soldiers
2961SA1415lmj60the raidersthe Philistines who were raiding Israelite cities
2971SA1416fxf9figs-parallelism0was dispersing ... going here and thereThese two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the soldiers were running away in every direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2981SA1419f1gk0commotiongreat noise and confusion
2991SA1420v4kx0the people who were with himthe remnant of the Israelite army that remained with Saul
3001SA1423y4b7translate-names0Beth AvenThis is a place in Israel. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:5](../13/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3011SA1424h5cu0So none of the troops tasted foodIt was understood by the troops that no refreshment was permitted under Saul's oath.
3021SA1425k9ql0the people entered the forestThe Philistine soldiers fled through the forests and the Israelite soldiers followed them there.
3031SA1427jdr10General Information:Jonathan learns of his father's oath.
3041SA1430m8aj0plunderThis word refers to the things the people had taken from the battle with their enemy.
3051SA1430v7170Because now the slaughter has not been greatBecause the troops were not able to eat during the battle, as the day progressed, they became weaker. Because of this, they were not able to kill as many of the Philistines.
3061SA1431f2fj0General Information:Jonathan's words lead the army to sin against God in their great hunger.
3071SA1431z8g40MichmashThis is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:2](../13/02.md).
3081SA1431w4i2translate-names0Aijalona place in Zebulun in Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3091SA1431lb940The peopleThis refers to the Israelites.
3101SA1433ing6figs-hyperbole0You have acted unfaithfullySaul is accusing his whole army of acting unfaithfully though this is a generalization because not every soldier acted unfaithfully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3111SA1433d9xafigs-explicit0Now, roll a big stone here to meThe stone would hold the animals up and make it easier to drain the blood from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3121SA1434v1tn0kill them here, and eatThis would allow Saul to observe if the blood was properly drained from the animals.
3131SA1435l5620General Information:Saul had told the people to bring their animals to a big stone to kill and eat.
3141SA1435y6xn0Saul built an altar to YahwehIt is unclear if Saul built this altar with the large stone that the people brought to him in [1 Samuel 14:33](../14/33.md).
3151SA1436vwb80General Information:Saul seeks to continue the fight against the Philistines.
3161SA1436j8bk0Do whatever seems good to youSaul had the support of his army to continue the fight.
3171SA1437tdl40But God did not answer him that dayThis implies that God was not willing to help Saul.
3181SA1438vy5y0the peopleThis refers to the Israelites.
3191SA1438wp750learn and see how this sin has happenedfind who sinned
3201SA1439t91sfigs-hypo0even if it is in Jonathan my son, he will surely dieSaul stated this as a hypothetical situation because he did not believe that Jonathan was guilty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3211SA1441rk8vtranslate-transliterate0ThummimThis is a borrowed word from the original language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
3221SA1443am450General Information:The lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned.
3231SA1445sym50General Information:The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul.
3241SA1445et5x0As Yahweh livesThe people were expressing their certainty that they would not let anything happen to Jonathan.
3251SA1447at510General Information:For a brief period Saul served with great courage in defeating Israel's enemies.
3261SA1447wyv40Wherever he turnedWherever he sent his army
3271SA1449t5820General Information:This is background information on Saul's family.
3281SA1449tt1btranslate-names0Ishvi ... Malki-ShuaThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3291SA1449f4ritranslate-names0Merab ... MichalThese are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3301SA1450qv1qtranslate-names0AhinoamThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3311SA1450rvk7translate-names0Ahimaaz ... Abner ... NerThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3321SA1451eci8translate-names0Kish ... Ner ... Abner ... AbielThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3331SA1452e8ef0all the days of Saulall of Saul's life
3341SA1452ezp30he attached him to himselfhe forced him to join his army
3351SA151t4nn0the words of Yahwehthe message of Yahweh
3361SA153q1vzfigs-parallelism0completely destroy all that they have ... kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkeyThese two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase gives specific details about what they are to destroy completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3371SA153ik1kfigs-litotes0Do not spare themThis negative statement emphasizes the completeness of the destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3381SA154m8560the peoplethe army
3391SA154sp3s0numbered themcounted them
3401SA156stl7translate-names0Kenitesa nomad people group that had always been friendly to the nation of Israel (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3411SA157t6tltranslate-names0Havilah ... ShurThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3421SA158n8xb0General Information:Yahweh had told Saul to destroy everything, but here Saul disobeys Yahweh's command.
3431SA159ln2i0Saul ... spared AgagSaul disobeyed God by letting Agag live.
3441SA159nh2u0as well as the best of the sheepSaul disobeyed God by keeping the best of the livestock.
3451SA1511u8i30It grieves meI am sorry
3461SA1511uwz40Samuel was angryPossible meanings are 1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or 2) Samuel was disturbed.
3471SA1512g77w0Samuel was toldSomeone told Samuel
3481SA1512hh8y0he set up a monument to himselfSaul was full of pride.
3491SA1512fp2t0down to GilgalGilgal was lower in elevation than Carmel.
3501SA1513wpf40I have fulfilled the command of YahwehIt is not clear if Saul understood that he had not fully obeyed God's command to completely destroy the Amalekites.
3511SA1514g3x70General Information:Samuel questions why Saul did not utterly destroyed the Amalekites.
3521SA1514kf8w0bleating of sheep ... lowing of the oxenThese are the sounds that these animals make. Your language may have different terms for these.
3531SA1515vin90to sacrifice to Yahweh your GodSaul is arguing that animals for sacrifice were an exception to Yahweh's command to destroy everything.
3541SA1515a6ie0Yahweh your GodSaul here does not describe Samuel's God as his own God.
3551SA1519x74v0but instead you seized the bootySamuel is accusing Saul of direct disobedience. Yahweh commanded Saul to completely destroy everything belonging to the Amalekites, and not to bring anything back to camp.
3561SA1520k3f40I have indeed obeyed the voice of YahwehThis is an emphatic statement. It is unclear if Saul thought this was true, or if he was simply making excuses for his sin.
3571SA1520w1jdtranslate-names0AgagThis is the name of the king of the Amalekites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3581SA1521v64h0But the people tookThis appears to be shifting the blame to the people.
3591SA1521kvf40things devoted to destructionanimals that Yahweh commanded them to destroy
3601SA1521li5gtranslate-names0GilgalThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3611SA1522wen90Obedience is better than sacrificeGod wanted Saul's complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice.
3621SA1522u1dg0better than the fat of ramsbetter than to sacrifice the fat of rams as a burnt offering
3631SA1523n8ey0rejected you from being kingdecided that you will no longer be king
3641SA1525bb4i0return with meSaul and Samuel were apparently talking in private away from the other people.
3651SA1526qdh90for you have rejected the word of YahwehSamuel made it clear that Saul understood that he was disobeying God at the time when he spared the best animals and did not kill Agag.
3661SA1528h7h80has given it to a neighbor of yours, one who is better than youGod had already decided who would be the next king after Saul.
3671SA1530x7z10But please honor me now before the eldersSaul may have been more interested in being honored by the people than in actually worshipping God.
3681SA1532n2tg0Agag came to him confined with chains and saidThey brought Agag to him bound by chains and Agag said
3691SA1534p6j7translate-names0Ramah ... GibeahThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3701SA1534wed20went up to his house at GibeahGibeah was higher in elevation than Gilgal where Saul and Samuel had been talking.
3711SA1535hha60Samuel did not see Saul until the day of his deathSamuel did not see Saul again for as long as he lived
3721SA164ead8figs-explicit0The elders of the city were trembling as they came to meet himIt seems the elders were trembling because they were worried that Samuel came to rebuke them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3731SA165a67l0to set ... apartTo set someone apart means to get that person ready for Yahweh's purposes by making sure that person is ritually clean according to the law of Moses.
3741SA166ug8ftranslate-names0EliabThis is the name of Jesse's oldest son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3751SA168k8wqtranslate-names0AbinadabThis is the name of one of Jesse's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3761SA168qht80made him pass before Samueltold him to go to Samuel
3771SA169xzq5translate-names0ShammahThis is the name of one of Jesse's sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3781SA1611j3g30There remains yet the youngestThere is still my youngest son
3791SA1613r2qgfigs-explicit0Samuel rose up and wentIt is implied that he rose up after they sat down to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3801SA1614a48s0NowThis word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
3811SA1616u14z0is on youtroubles you
3821SA1621pq6t0he became his armor bearerDavid became Saul's armor bearer
3831SA1623hnb50was upon Saultroubled Saul
3841SA172z3hptranslate-names0the Valley of ElahThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3851SA177mlr90staff of his spearthe handle of his spear
3861SA177ddd90loop of cordrope rolled up into a circle
3871SA177yeq50His spear's headThe point of his spear
3881SA1710na9z0I challenge the ranks of IsraelI challenge the army of Israel
3891SA1711p19l0all IsraelThis refers to the Israelite soldiers who were there.
3901SA1712apl3figs-parallelism0Jesse was an old man ... very old among menThe two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3911SA1716vf870to present himself for battleto show that he was ready to fight
3921SA1717t66stranslate-bvolume0ephahAn ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
3931SA1718ms2j0See how your brothers are doingCheck and find out how your brothers are doing
3941SA1719i8wt0all the men of Israelall the soldiers of Israel
3951SA1719fa7etranslate-names0the Valley of ElahThis is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [1 Samuel 17:2](../17/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3961SA1723xd5y0Goliath by namewhose name was Goliath
3971SA1723e3lh0came out of the ranks of the Philistinesstepped forward from the Philistines' battle line
3981SA1725h9r90his daughterThis refers to the king's daughter.
3991SA1726uay20this uncircumcised PhilistineThis phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God.
4001SA1728aj1wfigs-parallelism0your pride, and the mischief in your heartThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4011SA1734vkk80used to keep his father's sheepused to take care of his father's sheep
4021SA1734nm8r0a bearA bear is a large animal with thick fur and long claws and that walks on four legs but can stand on two legs as a person does.
4031SA1736r5kx0Connecting Statement:David continues speaking to King Saul.
4041SA1736q3g30This uncircumcised PhilistineThis phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 17:26](../17/26.md).
4051SA1736dhp40will be like one of themDavid is saying that he will be able to kill the Philistine just as he was able to kill the lion and bear.
4061SA1738zp210coat of chainmaila flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates
4071SA1739vaf60his sword on his armorSaul's sword on the armor
4081SA1740hp450His sling was in his handA sling is a weapon for throwing stones.
4091SA1741n9t40with his shield bearer in front of himand his shield bearer walked in front of him
4101SA1742u9pv0he despised himhe hated him
4111SA1742mb550and ruddyand healthy looking
4121SA1744np2h0beasts of the fieldwild animals
4131SA1746a7g60Connecting Statement:David continues speaking to Goliath.
4141SA1750kd4h0David defeated ... He hit ... killed ... There was no sword in David's handVerse 50 is a summary of David's amazing victory over Goliath. The details about how he hit and killed Goliath are in [1 Samuel 17:49](../17/49.md) and 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UST.
4151SA1751ifn90Then David ran and stood over the PhilistineDavid did this after Goliath fell to the ground in [1 Samuel 17:49](../17/49.md).
4161SA1753sb830they plundered their campthe Israelites plundered the Philistines' camp
4171SA1754gxy40he put his armor in his tenthe put Goliath's armor in his own tent
4181SA1755y16z0go out against the Philistinego to fight against the Philistine
4191SA1755ynx50whose son is this youthwho is this youth's father
4201SA1755y7mj0As you liveThis was a way of swearing that what he was about to say was true.
4211SA1756nt660whose son the boy iswho the boy's father is
4221SA1758k63k0Whose son are youWho is your father
4231SA1758k6340I am the son of your servant Jesse the BethlehemiteMy father is your servant Jesse, the Bethlehemite
4241SA18introabci0# 1 Samuel 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the first chapter of a section explaining why Saul wants to kill David.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 18:7.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Saul is jealous of David's popularity<br>Saul's son, Jonathan, loves David. David is successful in battling the Philistines, and Saul is happy until the women give David more attention than they give him. He fears that David will replace him as king. This is potentially confusing because the author has already established that David will be the next king. It is probably that Saul feared David would kill him in order to be the next king sooner, or that he did not really believe David would be the next king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])<br><br>### Jonathan's love of David<br>Some scholars believe Jonathan loved David as a man loves his wife. There is no reason to translate this as if Jonathan were a homosexual. Instead, treat this as a brotherly type of love.<br>
4251SA185vcr90he succeededhe prospered
4261SA186k1rh0with tambourines, with joy, and with musical instrumentsjoyfully playing tambourines and other musical instruments
4271SA188lp8i0They have ascribedThey have credited
4281SA1810me9n0he ravedhe acted crazy
4291SA1812d2h60Yahweh was with himYahweh was with David
4301SA1813a3540So Saul removed him from his presenceSo Saul removed David from his presence
4311SA1818hga50son-in-law to the kinghusband of the king's daughter
4321SA1821q35l0You will be my son-in-lawYou will be the husband of my daughter
4331SA1822q87c0all his servants love youall of his servants admire you
4341SA1822vvh80Now thenFor these reasons you should
4351SA1825x1iw0foreskinsThe foreskin is a fold of skin on a man's private part that is removed during circumcision.
4361SA1827pz310they gave them in full number to the kingDavid and his men gave all of them to the king
4371SA19introabcj0# 1 Samuel 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God protects David<br>Jonathan persuades Saul not to kill David, but Saul again becomes jealous and orders his servants to bring David to him to be killed. God uses Michal to save David. David flees to Samuel and they begin prophesying. When Saul sends servants to capture David, they begin prophesying. This causes Saul to go himself and he begins to prophesy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
4381SA191u5h50took great pleasure in DavidJonathan greatly enjoyed being with David.
4391SA197zv180he was in his presenceDavid was in Saul's presence.
4401SA1910gmw10pin David to the wall with the spearthrow his spear so it would go through David and into the wall
4411SA1911di9d0he might kill himSaul might kill David
4421SA1911gt2f0Michal ... told himMichal told David
4431SA1912rx5e0General Information:Michal helps David escape King Saul. She uses a household idol to make David's bed look like he is sleeping in it.
4441SA1914bsi60General Information:Saul acts out his desire to kill David.
4451SA1914ar160take Davidtake David back to Saul
4461SA1916gw7d0pillow of goats' hairSee how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](../19/13.md).
4471SA1918e48b0General Information:David flees to Samuel.
4481SA1918hj2z0NowThis word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story.
4491SA1922l3p8translate-names0Ramah ... Seku ... NaiothThese are place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4501SA202rpv20It is not soIt is not true
4511SA204npf40General Information:David proposes a test against King Saul to Jonathan.
4521SA205pnc80Tomorrow is the new moonOn the first of every month the people would celebrate and offer sacrifices to God.
4531SA205unn40until the third day at eveninguntil the evening of the day after tomorrow
4541SA206f9fa0Connecting Statement:David's continues to describe the test he proposes.
4551SA206a9bs0asked leave of measked me if I would allow him to leave
4561SA208v33p0Connecting Statement:David continues speaking to Jonathan.
4571SA2012ld4i0if there is good willif my father wants to do good things for you
4581SA2014q3ac0General Information:Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain.
4591SA2020dvu10Connecting Statement:Jonathan continues to speak to David.
4601SA2021z7dp0my young man ... the young boyThese refer to the same person.
4611SA2021qbg10then comethen you, David, come
4621SA2022ch370Connecting Statement:Jonathan continues to speak to David.
4631SA2026j8dr0He is not clean; surely he is not cleanAccording to the law of Moses, a person who is ceremonially unclean is not to participate in the feast until the priest declares that he is clean. Saul repeats this phrase as if he is trying to convince himself.
4641SA2028e5rh0asked permission from me to goasked me to allow him to go
4651SA2036l8ci0he shot an arrow beyond himJonathan shot an arrow beyond the young man
4661SA2041b73c0the moundIt seems that David had hidden behind a pile of earth or stones.
4671SA2041pg9k0lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times.David bowed before Jonathan, who was still the King's son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan.
4681SA211sxr5translate-names0NobThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4691SA211lxn7translate-names0AhimelechThis is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4701SA211xz590tremblingshaking in fear
4711SA212lr5b0on a missionto do work for him
4721SA212hbb30I have directed the young men to a certain placeI have told the young men to go to another place, and I will meet them there later
4731SA213y8wx0Now thenDavid is starting a new part of the conversation.
4741SA213r1wi0Give me five loaves of breadThis is a polite request.
4751SA214v42j0ordinary breadbread that the priests have not used in worship
4761SA215bl9z0when I set outwhen I begin a journey
4771SA217zg8gtranslate-names0Doeg the EdomiteThis is the name of a man from the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4781SA217ye4p0herdsmenthe keepers and protectors of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep
4791SA218wb130weaponsa general name for such things as swords, knives, bows and arrows, and spears
4801SA219rpf7translate-names0Valley of ElahThis is the name of a place in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4811SA22introabcm0# 1 Samuel 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David assembles a force of unhappy people<br>David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Saul and the chief priest's family<br>Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God's representatives and are rebelling against God's king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])<br>
4821SA221wbc20cavea hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill, large enough for people to enter
4831SA221h42ftranslate-names0AdullamThis is the name of a town near the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4841SA221mjh90heard itheard that David had gone to hide in the cave
4851SA222w6kr0captainmilitary officer who leads soldiers
4861SA223n6gm0Then David went from thereThen David went from the cave at Adullam
4871SA223tgn5translate-names0MizpahThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4881SA225ir3x0go into the land of Judahgo to your home land of Judah
4891SA225xg56translate-names0HerethThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4901SA227fhn50the son of JesseDavid
4911SA228r9wd0Connecting Statement:This continues what Saul said to his servants.
4921SA229e96ptranslate-names0Doeg the EdomiteThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4931SA229mj61translate-names0Nob ... AhimelechThis is a place name and the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4941SA229kcg3translate-names0AhitubThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4951SA2210p71d0He prayed to Yahweh that he might help him, and he gave himAhitub prayed to Yahweh that Yahweh might help David, and Ahitub gave David
4961SA2213vs5z0in that you have givenby giving
4971SA2214iy7u0bodyguarda person or group of people who protect someone
4981SA2215a2490imputeto consider someone guilty
4991SA2217g1gd0the guard that stood around himthe soldiers standing nearby to protect him
5001SA2218lsc1translate-names0Doeg the EdomiteThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5011SA2219eh6l0put to the swordkilled with the sword
5021SA2220g9pstranslate-names0AbiatharThis is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5031SA231g4uk0threshingseparating the grain or seeds, generally from a cereal plant or wheat by some mechanical means
5041SA235ij1xfigs-synecdoche0went ... fought ... led ... struck ... savedThe writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David's men helped him do all these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5051SA236jj3stranslate-names0AhimelechThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5061SA238rz5t0summonedofficially called. The reader should understand that Saul probably told his officials to gather the soldiers. He did not call with a loud voice to get them to come.
5071SA238wdl80all his forcesall his soldiers
5081SA2310cg3l0destroy the citymake the city so no one could live in it and kill all the people who live there
5091SA2313zwp40had escapedhad run away from
5101SA2314xlb4translate-names0wilderness of ZiphThis is the name of a deserted area near the city of Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5111SA2315gv8ptranslate-names0HoreshThis is the name of city near Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5121SA2319zz5ktranslate-names0ZiphitesThis is the name of the people group from Ziph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5131SA2319f1lttranslate-names0the hill of HakilahThis is the name of a hill in the wilderness of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5141SA2322ln650who has seen himwho saw him
5151SA2324jfx80Then they rose upThey stopped what they had been doing. The reader should not believe that they were sitting or lying.
5161SA2324dx6t0Then theyThen the Ziphites
5171SA2324lp4y0ZiphThis is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:14](../23/14.md).
5181SA2324ij6rtranslate-names0the wilderness of MaonThis is the name of the deserted area around the city of Maon in southern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5191SA2325r4x50rocky hilla hill covered with many rocks or boulders
5201SA2328fy6k0pursuing Davidchasing David, trying to catch him
5211SA2328qaa20Rock of Escapea memorial or marker of David's escape from Saul
5221SA24introabco0# 1 Samuel 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Even though Saul tries again and again to kill David, David does not avenge himself on Saul because God had chosen Saul as king. This is meant to contrast with Saul's treatment of David, the future king. Saul represents the king the people wanted, a selfish man. David is the king God wanted, a godly man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br>
5231SA241b3630wilderness of EngediEngedi is a place in Israel west of the Dead Sea where there is water with dry land all around it.
5241SA242fgt3translate-numbers0three thousand3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5251SA242wu590chosen menmen whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities
5261SA243d5rh0cavegenerally a natural hole under the ground, often with an opening in the side of a hill or cliff
5271SA244q3ls0creptapproached slowly, carefully or quietly
5281SA2416wzm1figs-metaphor0my son DavidSaul speaks as if David were his son to show David that he loves him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5291SA2418vh220you have done good to meSaul acknowledges that David did show that he supported King Saul and was loyal to him by not killing him.
5301SA2418p9310for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercySaul acknowledges that David chose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh's anointed.
5311SA2419p5v50For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely?Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, he learns that even though David will be king, David will not take over the throne from Saul by force, but will wait for Yahweh's appointed time.
5321SA2422yhv60David and his menDavid and his army
5331SA25introabcp0# 1 Samuel 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Revenge<br>When David decides to kill all of the men in Nabal's household, Abigail convinces David not to avenge himself but to leave revenge to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br><br>
5341SA251nvn1figs-hyperbole0All Israel gathered together and mourned for himThis is likely a generalization. A large number of the people of Israel were probably there, but some were probably unable to attend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
5351SA251xdb30gathered togethermet together
5361SA251n1il0buried him in his house at RamahPossible meanings are that they buried Samuel 1) in his home town of Ramah or 2) on his family's land in Ramah but not physically in the house or 3) in his house in Ramah.
5371SA251l3mw0David rose and went downDavid and his men moved on and they went down
5381SA252alm4translate-names0MaonThis is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5391SA252l859translate-names0CarmelThis is the name of a town. This is different from Mount Carmel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5401SA252v9dytranslate-numbers0three thousand3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5411SA252h7hvtranslate-numbers0one thousand1,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5421SA252e5y90shearing his sheepshaving the wool off his sheep
5431SA253h65ttranslate-names0NabalThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5441SA253s9jatranslate-names0AbigailThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5451SA254j27u0shearing his sheepshaving the wool off his sheep
5461SA255lq450greet him in my namegreet him as I would greet him if I were there
5471SA256x8p80Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you haveI desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions
5481SA258kzp80to your servantsDavid was expressing respect toward Nabal by calling his men Nabal's servants.
5491SA258z6jm0your son DavidDavid spoke as if he were Nabal's son to show that he respected Nabal, who was an older man.
5501SA259k52k0David's young menDavid's army
5511SA259am5l0said all of this to Nabal on David's behalfgave Nabal David's complete message
5521SA2513lxp60said to his mensaid to his army
5531SA2513gl14translate-numbers0four hundred400 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5541SA2513j4qdtranslate-numbers0two hundred200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5551SA2513h5qa0stayed by the baggageThey remained at their base camp to prevent other raiders from stealing their possessions.
5561SA2516ibg5figs-metaphor0They were a wallDavid's men were like a wall around a city that protects the people in the city from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5571SA2518y9citranslate-numbers0two hundred200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5581SA2518pl3ftranslate-bvolume0measuresThis is a generic term as none is given. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
5591SA2518e7nf0parched graingrain that someone had cooked
5601SA2520d3l80David and his menDavid and his army
5611SA2520wcs50by the cover of the mountainPossible meanings are 1) into a low, narrow stream bed or 2) to where the men were hiding.
5621SA2521h5uvwriting-background0The writer gives background information before he continues with the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5631SA2523l6e2writing-background0The writer has finished giving background information, so he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5641SA2523l5ga0lay before David facedown and bowed herself to the groundAbigail was being humble and showing that she would obey David because he was a powerful leader.
5651SA2524c4nh0listen tohear
5661SA2525zt8e0Connecting Statement:Abigail continues to advise David not to take revenge.
5671SA2526b9lx0Connecting Statement:Abigail continues to advise David not to take revenge.
5681SA2526j7ne0bloodshedmurder
5691SA2527s1mh0Connecting Statement:Abigail continues to tell David not to be angry.
5701SA2528lg880Connecting Statement:Abigail continues to reason with David.
5711SA2528qq1m0fighting the battles of Yahwehfighting against Yahweh's enemies
5721SA2529k6qw0Connecting Statement:Abigail continues to reason with David.
5731SA2529aql50pursuechase and try to catch
5741SA2529mm760a slinga piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance
5751SA2530u6qu0Connecting Statement:Abigail continues to reason with David.
5761SA2531lm3s0Connecting Statement:Abigail finishes reasoning with David.
5771SA2531m9fd0when Yahweh will do good for my masterThat is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul's reign is over.
5781SA2532i5t40General Information:David accepts Abigail's counsel and gifts.
5791SA2533m4g60bloodshedmurder. The same word appears in [1 Samuel 25:26](../25/26.md).
5801SA2534hb7b0General Information:David accepts Abigail's gifts and agrees to do as she has advised him.
5811SA2536n4cq0morning lightdawn
5821SA2536l1ya0Nabal's heart was merry within himNabal was very happy
5831SA2537l6bf0General Information:Yahweh's judgment on Nabal
5841SA2537u2tf0the wine had gone out of NabalNabal was no longer drunk and so was no longer feeling happy.
5851SA2537g4h60his heart died within himNabal was unable to move because was so afraid that he was no longer physically healthy, probably because he had suffered a stroke.
5861SA2539y8vj0General Information:David offers to protect Abigail by marrying her.
5871SA2542hv4c0five servant girls of hers who followed herAbigail was riding a donkey, but the servant girls were walking.
5881SA2543qn8twriting-background0Now David had also taken AhinoamThis event took place before David married Abigail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5891SA2543fx9vtranslate-names0AhinoamThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5901SA2544t45uwriting-background0Saul had given MichalThis event took place before David married Abigail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5911SA2544eld8translate-names0MichalThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5921SA2544rm51translate-names0Paltiel ... LaishThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5931SA2544qbi9translate-names0GallimThis is a town north of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5941SA261u73j0before Jeshimonfrom which we can see Jeshimon
5951SA262bq6itranslate-numbers0three thousand3,000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5961SA262em7t0chosen menmen whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities
5971SA263bg6j0before Jeshimonfrom which they could see Jeshimon
5981SA265m1dq0David arose and wentDavid took action and he went
5991SA265m7extranslate-names0Abner ... NerThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6001SA266zm97translate-names0Ahimelech ... AbishaiThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6011SA266kzq7translate-names0ZeruiahThese are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6021SA266fp9z0go down ... toDavid and his men were probably on higher ground than Saul.
6031SA266n7u20I! I will go downI want to be the one who goes down
6041SA2610s6yk0his day will come to diehe will die a natural death
6051SA2612mj5c0a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on themYahweh had caused them to sleep deeply.
6061SA2617d5y6figs-metaphor0my sonSaul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6071SA2619xi810stirred you up against mecaused you to be angry with me
6081SA2619fre10for they have today driven me out, that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahweh; they have said to me, 'Go worship other gods.'for they have today driven me out. It is as if they want me to stop clinging to the inheritance of Yahweh. It is as if they have said to me, 'Go worship other gods.'
6091SA2619h8280that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahwehso that I will no longer trust that Yahweh will give me what he has promised me
6101SA2620ua6efigs-simile0as when one hunts a partridge in the mountainsSaul is chasing David as if he were hunting a valuable wild bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
6111SA2621l7a6figs-metaphor0my sonSaul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6121SA2621zs9x0played the foolbeen very foolish
6131SA2625ct8yfigs-metaphor0my sonSaul was not David's true father. Saul speaks as if he were David's father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6141SA27introabcr0# 1 Samuel 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This begins a section about David living with the Philistines.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David's move<br>David is afraid Saul will someday catch him and kill him, so he moves to the Philistine city of Gath. This is a type of exile David creates for himself out of fear. It is caused by his lack of trust in God. This is the same reason his descendants would come to be exiled. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
6151SA272cr5x0David arose and passed overDavid took action; he passed over
6161SA272jn4b0passed overpassed over the border between Israel and Philistia
6171SA272yjn5translate-numbers0six hundred men600 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6181SA272y8hntranslate-names0AchishThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:10](../21/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6191SA272ik5ptranslate-names0MaokThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6201SA273q6ibtranslate-names0AhinoamThis is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:50](../14/50.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6211SA273f557translate-names0AbigailThis is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6221SA273qmd3translate-names0NabalThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6231SA275qss2figs-pronouns0your servantDavid speaks as if he were another person to show that he respected Achish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
6241SA276d2xdtranslate-names0ZiklagThis is the name of a city in the southwest part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6251SA278k2mvfigs-idiom0making raids onattacking and taking property many times (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6261SA278mj2itranslate-names0GirzitesA people group who apparently lived somewhere between Philistia and Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6271SA278y3iytranslate-names0Shurregion on the northeast border of Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6281SA279vg2yfigs-pronouns0Achishthe king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
6291SA2710ylp3translate-names0Achishthe king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6301SA2710l4n3translate-names0Jerahmeelitesa clan from the tribe of Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6311SA2710qt6stranslate-names0Kenitesa people group who lived in the land of Midian (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6321SA2711x7vmtranslate-names0Gathone of five Philistine city-states. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6331SA2712g4e6figs-pronouns0Achishthe king of Gath (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
6341SA281u8jp0hostlarge assembly of armies
6351SA282ltp10bodyguarda person who protects another person
6361SA283v29cwriting-background0Now Samuel ... with spiritsThe writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
6371SA284jp420Then the Philistines gatheredafter David and Achish spoke ([1 Samuel 28:2](../28/02.md))
6381SA284gv6k0gathered all Israel togethergathered all his armies in Israel together
6391SA284nut5translate-names0Shunem ... Gilboathese are names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6401SA286l97l0UrimThe high priest carried the sacred lots called Urim and Thummin in his breastplate, in a marked pouch, next to his heart.
6411SA287p66e0who talks with the deadThese words translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for a person who talks to the dead, you should use it here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md).
6421SA287iy9xtranslate-names0EndorThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6431SA288q4zi0Saul disguised himself ... and went ... to the woman by nightSaul disguised himself because the way from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](../28/04.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./07.md)) was through land that the Philistines were living in. He traveled all day and reached the woman after the sun had gone down.
6441SA288by4s0disguisedchanged his usual appearance no one would know who he was
6451SA288mj1t0Divine for me ... with a spiritTalk to the dead for me
6461SA2820gyg80he had eaten no food all that day, neither that whole nightSaul had not eaten during the night before he traveled from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](../28/04.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./07.md)), nor during the day as he journeyed, nor during the night on which he visited the woman.
6471SA2823yci70Saul refusedSaul would not do what they asked
6481SA2823htn70compelled himforced him
6491SA2824x7b90fatted calfa calf that has been grown and fed to be available for a special feast
6501SA2824zn9w0she ... kneaded itShe mixed flour and oil, working and rolling the mixture thoroughly with her hands to produce dough for baking.
6511SA29introabct0# 1 Samuel 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 29:5.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties<br><br>It is unclear whether David wanted to go into battle with the Philistines. He would have been fighting against Saul, but he also would have been fighting against Israel's soldiers. It is probably best to see that David is conflicted over this issue, but some scholars believe that David planned on turning against the Philistines in the battle.<br>
6521SA291w2gw0springa small stream of water flowing naturally from the Earth
6531SA292tq6l0passed on by hundreds and by thousandsdivided their men into groups; some groups had one hundred soldiers and some groups had one thousand soldiers
6541SA292j1vstranslate-numbers0hundreds ... thousands100s ... 1,000s (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6551SA292vft10David and his men passed on in the rear guard with AchishThe groups of hundreds and thousands passed on first, then Achish and his helpers, and then David, his men, and the other Philistine soldiers, who were guarding Achish.
6561SA2910xd7w0your masterThe reader should understand that Achish is speaking of Saul.
6571SA2910r3uy0have lightcan see with the morning sun
6581SA30introabcu0# 1 Samuel 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David fights the Amalekites<br>When David and his men arrive home, they find the Amalekites have raided Ziklag and taken everything. They catch and destroy them and bring back all of their goods and families. Then David sends gifts to all the cities in Judah through which they had traveled.
6591SA301u6dp0ZiklagZiklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families.
6601SA302i8bg0theythe Amalekites
6611SA303tr670their wives ... sons ... daughtersbelonging to David and his men
6621SA304i5ts0the people that were with himThese were mainly his army of men.
6631SA305nc5k0General Information:David finds strength in Yahweh after the raid.
6641SA305z5m80Ahinoam the Jezreelite womanAhinoam from Jezreel
6651SA305hq7z0Nabal the CarmeliteNabal the man from Carmel
6661SA305acw2translate-names0Ahinoam ... Abigailwomen's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6671SA306e6z10distressedsuffering
6681SA307na360General Information:David seeks Yahweh's direction in dealing with the raid on his people.
6691SA308a2ps0pursuechase and try to catch
6701SA309f5cktranslate-numbers0six hundred men600 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6711SA309n8t40brooksmall stream
6721SA3010gxs60kept pursuingkept chasing them, trying to catch them
6731SA3010she5translate-numbers0four hundred men400 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6741SA3010c9v7translate-numbers0two hundred200 men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6751SA3010jle50who were so weakThey were tired from their own raids and now in pursuit of the Amalekites. They no longer had the strength to continue.
6761SA3011wy3y0an Egyptian in a fieldHe was left there to die from the Amalekite raiding party.
6771SA3012l4q10clusters of raisinsclusters of dried grapes
6781SA3013a3bt0David said to himDavid questioned the Egyptian slave.
6791SA3013g59g0three days agothree days in the past
6801SA3013lrz8translate-numbers0three days3 days (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6811SA3014z8mp0a raidan attack on a town to take property
6821SA3015rpy70raiding partya group of armed warriors who attack people or places unexpectedly
6831SA3016tp7i0bootythe goods they had stolen in the raid
6841SA3017ac8n0twilightthe time just after the sun goes down until the sky is dark
6851SA3017uap2translate-numbers0four hundred400 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6861SA3019f95n0Nothing was missingNone of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost
6871SA3019we470bootygoods that the Amelekites had stolen. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
6881SA3021r2q2translate-numbers0two hundred200 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6891SA3021e3fwtranslate-names0the brook Besora small stream or creek named Besor. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:9](../30/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6901SA3021l3p70greeted themspoke to them in a friendly way
6911SA3022jt6r0the bootythe goods they had taken from the enemy in battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
6921SA3024xyy40anyone who goes into battlethe warriors who actually fought the enemy in war
6931SA3024ff290will share and share alikewill make sure that all receive the same amount
6941SA3024jdd30anyone who waits by the baggagethe people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies
6951SA3024q69h0baggagebelongings that the soldiers left behind when they went into battle
6961SA3026w4a8translate-names0ZiklagThis is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6971SA3026l1ll0bootygoods that David had taken from the Amalekites after the battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
6981SA3026ies70a presenta gift
6991SA3027j2r90Connecting Statement:The writer begins a list of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
7001SA3027rha5translate-names0Bethel ... JattirThese are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7011SA3028qm9t0Connecting Statement:The writer continues the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
7021SA3028r7zxtranslate-names0Aroer ... Siphmoth ... EshtemoaThese are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7031SA3029xiz30Connecting Statement:The writer continues the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
7041SA3029v2kdtranslate-names0RakalThis is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7051SA3029a93etranslate-names0Jerahmeelites ... KenitesThese are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7061SA3030re7a0Connecting Statement:The writer continues the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
7071SA3030n9nutranslate-names0Hormah ... Bor Ashan ... AthakThese are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7081SA3031k11c0Connecting Statement:The writer finishes the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
7091SA31introabcv0# 1 Samuel 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the end of the section on Saul, but the book continues in 2 Samuel 1.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Saul's punishment<br>Saul receives his punishment from God: death for his disobedience and resisting the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]])<br>
7101SA311k1fi0Now the Philistines fought against IsraelThis battle was the result of the conflict between David and the Philistines in [1 Samuel 29:11](../29/11.md). The writer has finished telling the story of David that began in [1 Samuel 30:1](../30/01.md), and now he tells about the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines.
7111SA311u5iitranslate-names0Mount GilboaThis is the name of a mountain (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7121SA312kg9r0closely pursued Saul and his sonschased Saul and three of his sons
7131SA312f33rtranslate-names0Abinadab, and Malki-ShuaThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7141SA314pe6q0armor bearerThe armor bearer carried the large shield of his commanding officer and other weapons. He protected the commanding officer during a battle.
7151SA314u2fu0took his own sword and fell on itkilled himself with his own sword
7161SA316a6ky0that same dayon that one day
7171SA317b1z10lived in themlived in the cities the men of Israel had left
7181SA318v9ln0strip the deadtake the armor and weapons off the dead Israelites' bodies
7191SA318d9b8translate-names0Mount Gilboaa mountain range overlooking the Valley of Jezreel in northern Israel, south of Nazareth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7201SA319w7af0the land of the Philistines throughoutall areas of the land of the Philistines
7211SA319xcw50to carry the news to their idols' temples and to the peopleto speak the news inside the temples and to the people
7221SA319j17p0their idols' templesthe buildings where they worshiped their idols
7231SA3110z4230fastenedattached, probably with a large spike or nail
7241SA3110qu6ktranslate-names0Beth Shanthe name of a city (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7251SA3111e9d6translate-names0JabeshThis is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7261SA3111e2e50what the Philistines had done to Saulhow the Philistines had dishonored Saul
7271SA3112myv90all nightthroughout the whole night