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648 B
648 B
Philologus ... Nereus ... Olympas
These are men's names. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names and rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown)
Julia
The name of a woman. Julia was probably the wife of Philologus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names and rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown)
a holy kiss
an expression of affection for fellow believers
All the churches of Christ greet you
Here Paul speaks in a general manner concerning the churches of Christ. AT: "The believers in all the churches in this area send their greetings to you" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole)