See in Reader
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18 KiB
| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | PHM | front | intro | sz2w | 0 | # Introduction to Philemon<br><br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Philemon<br><br>1. Paul greets Philemon (1:1-3)<br>2. Paul makes requests of Philemon about Onesimus (1:4-21)<br>3. Conclusion (1:22-25)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Philemon?<br><br>Paul wrote Philemon. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul was in a prison when he wrote this letter.<br><br>### What is the Book of Philemon about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to a man named Philemon. Philemon was a Christian who lived in the city of Colossae. He owned a slave named Onesimus. Onesimus had run away from Philemon and possibly stole something from him as well. Onesimus went to Rome and visited Paul in prison.<br><br>Paul told Philemon that he was sending Onesimus back to him. Philemon had the right to execute Onesimus according to Roman law. But Paul said that Philemon should accept Onesimus back as a Christian brother. He even suggested that Philemon should allow Onesimus to come back to Paul and help him in prison.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Philemon.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to Philemon” or “The Letter Paul wrote to Philemon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Does this letter approve of the practice of slavery?<br><br>Paul sent Onesimus back to his former master. But that did not mean Paul thought slavery was an acceptable practice. Instead, Paul was more concerned with people serving God in whatever situation they were in.<br><br>### What does Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. See the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. The word “you” is almost always singular and refers to Philemon. The two exceptions to this are 1:22 and 1:25. There “you” refers to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |||
| 3 | PHM | 1 | 1 | sg4f | figs-you | 0 | General Information: | Three times Paul identifies himself as the author of this letter. Evidently Timothy was with him and probably wrote the words down as Paul said them. Paul greets others who meet for church at Philemon’s house. All instances of “I,” “me,” and “my” refer to Paul. Philemon is the main person to whom this letter is written. All instances of “you” and “your” refer to him and are singular unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 4 | PHM | 1 | 1 | niq3 | figs-exclusive | Παῦλος, δέσμιος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ Τιμόθεος, ὁ ἀδελφὸς; Φιλήμονι | 1 | Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and the brother Timothy to Philemon | Your language may have a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy, our brother, are writing this letter to Philemon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 5 | PHM | 1 | 1 | cgs4 | δέσμιος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | a prisoner of Christ Jesus | “a prisoner for the sake of Christ Jesus.” People who opposed Paul’s preaching had punished him by putting him into prison. | |
| 6 | PHM | 1 | 1 | sv3p | ὁ ἀδελφὸς | 1 | our brother | Here, **brother** means a fellow Christian. | |
| 7 | PHM | 1 | 1 | r3l9 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | The word **our** here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 8 | PHM | 1 | 1 | ww3l | καὶ συνεργῷ ἡμῶν | 1 | and our fellow worker | “who, like us, works to spread the gospel” | |
| 9 | PHM | 1 | 2 | e8su | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | The word **our** here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 10 | PHM | 1 | 2 | zh5c | translate-names | Ἀπφίᾳ, τῇ ἀδελφῇ | 1 | to Apphia our sister | Here, **sister** means she was a believer, and not a relative. Alternate translation: “to Apphia our fellow believer” or “to Apphia our spiritual sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 11 | PHM | 1 | 2 | sq44 | translate-names | Ἀρχίππῳ | 1 | Archippus | This is the name of a man in the church with Philemon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 12 | PHM | 1 | 2 | mnn5 | figs-metaphor | τῷ συνστρατιώτῃ ἡμῶν | 1 | our fellow soldier | Paul speaks here of Archippus as if they were both soldiers in an army. He means that Archippus works hard, as Paul himself works hard, to spread the gospel. Alternate translation: “our fellow spiritual warrior” or “who also fights the spiritual battle with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 13 | PHM | 1 | 3 | r4nq | χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | Grace to you and peace from God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ | “May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace.” This is a blessing. | |
| 14 | PHM | 1 | 3 | e5z8 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | The word **our** here refers to Paul, those with him, and the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 15 | PHM | 1 | 3 | lh8a | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Πατρὸς | 1 | Father | This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 16 | PHM | 1 | 4 | kh5l | figs-exclusive | 0 | General Information: | The word “us” is plural and refers to Paul, those with him, and all Christians, including the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) | |
| 17 | PHM | 1 | 6 | t54l | ἡ κοινωνία τῆς πίστεώς σου | 1 | the fellowship of your faith | “your working together with us” | |
| 18 | PHM | 1 | 6 | pxw1 | ἐνεργὴς γένηται ἐν ἐπιγνώσει παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ | 1 | may be effective for the knowledge of everything good | “may result in knowing what is good” | |
| 19 | PHM | 1 | 6 | n25e | εἰς Χριστόν | 1 | in Christ | “because of Christ” | |
| 20 | PHM | 1 | 7 | shpv | figs-activepassive | τὰ σπλάγχνα τῶν ἁγίων ἀναπέπαυται διὰ σοῦ | 1 | the inward parts of the saints are being refreshed by you | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have encouraged believers” or “you have helped the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 21 | PHM | 1 | 7 | aq4g | figs-metonymy | τὰ σπλάγχνα τῶν ἁγίων | 1 | the inward parts of the saints | Here, ****inward parts**** is a metonym for a person’s emotions or inner being. Alternate translation: “the thoughts and feelings of the saints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 22 | PHM | 1 | 7 | m5ip | σοῦ, ἀδελφέ | 1 | you, brother | “you, dear brother” or “you, dear friend.” Paul called Philemon **brother** because they were both believers and he emphasizing their friendship. | |
| 23 | PHM | 1 | 8 | ayy1 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul begins his plea and the reason for his letter. | ||
| 24 | PHM | 1 | 8 | fd84 | πολλὴν ἐν Χριστῷ παρρησίαν | 1 | all boldness in Christ | This could mean: (1) “all authority because of Christ” or (2) “all courage because of Christ.” Alternate translation: “all courage because Christ has given me authority” | |
| 25 | PHM | 1 | 9 | l9fh | διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην | 1 | because of love | Possible meanings: (1) “because I know that you love God’s people” (2) “because you love me” or (3) “because I love you” | |
| 26 | PHM | 1 | 10 | lsr6 | 0 | General Information: | Onesimus is the name of a man. He was apparently Philemon’s slave and had stolen something and ran away. | ||
| 27 | PHM | 1 | 10 | m6fw | figs-metaphor | τοῦ ἐμοῦ τέκνου…Ὀνήσιμον | 1 | my child Onesimus | Paul speaks of the way he is friends with **Onesimus** as if it were the way a father and his son love each other. Onesimus was not Paul’s actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son Onesimus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 28 | PHM | 1 | 10 | dj9h | translate-names | Ὀνήσιμον | 1 | Onesimus | The name **Onesimus** means “profitable” or “useful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 29 | PHM | 1 | 10 | mui3 | figs-metaphor | ὃν ἐγέννησα ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς | 1 | whom I have fathered in my chains | Here, **fathered** is a metaphor that means Paul converted Onesimus to Christ. Alternate translation: “who became my spiritual son when I taught him about Christ and he received new life while I was in my chains” or “who became like a son to me while I was in my chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 30 | PHM | 1 | 10 | nx1p | figs-metonymy | ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς | 1 | in my chains | Prisoners were often bound in **chains**. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “while I was in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 31 | PHM | 1 | 12 | t1kp | ὃν ἀνέπεμψά σοι | 1 | I sent him back to you | Paul was probably sending Onesimus with another believer who carried this letter. | |
| 32 | PHM | 1 | 12 | h9qv | figs-metaphor | τοῦτ’ ἔστιν τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα | 1 | he who is my inward parts | The phrase **who is my inward parts** is a metaphor for deep feelings about someone. Paul was saying this about Onesimus. Alternate translation: “whom I love dearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 33 | PHM | 1 | 12 | fdwn | figs-metonymy | τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα | 1 | my inward parts | Here, ** inward parts** is a metonym for a person’s emotions.Alternate translation: “good thoughts and feelings to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 34 | PHM | 1 | 13 | t4xl | ἵνα ὑπὲρ σοῦ μοι διακονῇ | 1 | so that he might serve me on behalf of you | “so that, since you cannot be here, he might help me” or “so that he could help me in your place” | |
| 35 | PHM | 1 | 13 | bb3t | figs-metonymy | ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς | 1 | in the chains | Prisoners were often bound in **chains**. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “while I am in prison because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 36 | PHM | 1 | 13 | iwa8 | figs-explicit | τοῦ εὐαγγελίου | 1 | for the sake of the gospel | Paul was in prison because he preached **the gospel** publicly. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because I preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 37 | PHM | 1 | 14 | g9wp | figs-doublenegatives | χωρὶς δὲ τῆς σῆς γνώμης, οὐδὲν ἠθέλησα ποιῆσαι | 1 | But I did not want to do anything without your consent | Paul states a double negative to mean the opposite. Alternate translation: “But I wanted to keep him with me only if you approved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 38 | PHM | 1 | 14 | jxi7 | ἵνα μὴ ὡς κατὰ ἀνάγκην τὸ ἀγαθόν σου ᾖ, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἑκούσιον | 1 | so that your good deed might not be as according to compulsion but according to good will | “for I did not want you to do this good deed because I commanded you to do it, but because you wanted to do it” | |
| 39 | PHM | 1 | 14 | ngg8 | ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἑκούσιον | 1 | but according to good will | “but because you freely chose to do the right thing” | |
| 40 | PHM | 1 | 15 | q1dr | figs-activepassive | τάχα γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο, ἐχωρίσθη πρὸς ὥραν, ἵνα | 1 | For perhaps for this reason he was separated from you for an hour, so that | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For perhaps the reason God took Onesimus away from you for a time was so that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 41 | PHM | 1 | 15 | fp5v | πρὸς ὥραν | 1 | for an hour | “for this short time” | |
| 42 | PHM | 1 | 16 | l3e4 | ὑπὲρ δοῦλον | 1 | better than a slave | “more valuable than a slave” | |
| 43 | PHM | 1 | 16 | f8tz | ἀδελφὸν ἀγαπητόν | 1 | a beloved brother | “a dear brother” or “a precious brother in Christ” | |
| 44 | PHM | 1 | 16 | f38v | πόσῳ δὲ μᾶλλον σοὶ | 1 | but much more so to you | “but he means even more to you” | |
| 45 | PHM | 1 | 16 | yub9 | figs-metaphor | καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ | 1 | in both the flesh | “both as a man.” Paul is referring to Onesimus’ being a trustworthy servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 46 | PHM | 1 | 16 | scj1 | ἐν Κυρίῳ | 1 | in the Lord | “as a brother in the Lord” or “because he belongs to the Lord” | |
| 47 | PHM | 1 | 17 | e1j2 | εἰ…με ἔχεις κοινωνόν | 1 | if you have me as a partner | “if you think of me as a fellow worker for Christ” | |
| 48 | PHM | 1 | 18 | u5m1 | τοῦτο ἐμοὶ ἐλλόγα | 1 | charge that to me | “say that I am the one who owes you” | |
| 49 | PHM | 1 | 19 | wb53 | ἐγὼ Παῦλος ἔγραψα τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί | 1 | I, Paul, write this with my own hand | “I, Paul, write this myself.” Paul wrote this part with his **own hand** so that Philemon would know that the words were really from Paul. Paul really would pay him. | |
| 50 | PHM | 1 | 19 | gn6c | figs-irony | ἵνα μὴ λέγω σοι | 1 | in order not to say to you | “I do not need to remind you” or “You already know.” Paul says he does not need to tell Philemon this, but then continues to tell him anyway. This emphasizes the truth of what Paul is telling him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) |
| 51 | PHM | 1 | 19 | st7e | figs-explicit | καὶ σεαυτόν μοι προσοφείλεις | 1 | you also owe me your own self | “you even owe me your own life.” Paul was implying that Philemon should not say that Onesimus or Paul owed him anything because Philemon owed Paul even more. The reason Philemon owed Paul his life can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you owe me much because I saved your life” or “you owe me your own life because what I told you saved your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 52 | PHM | 1 | 20 | xp0b | figs-explicit | ἀνάπαυσόν μου τὰ σπλάγχνα ἐν Χριστῷ | 1 | refresh my inward parts in Christ | How Paul wanted Philemon refresh him can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “refresh my inward parts in Christ by accepting Onesimus kindly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 53 | PHM | 1 | 20 | j8lh | figs-metaphor | ἀνάπαυσόν μου τὰ σπλάγχνα | 1 | refresh my inward parts | Here, **refresh** is a metaphor for comfort or encourage. Alternate translation: “encourage me” or “comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 54 | PHM | 1 | 20 | kmpp | figs-metonymy | ἀνάπαυσόν μου τὰ σπλάγχνα | 1 | refresh my inward parts | Here “inward parts” is a metonym for a person’s feelings, thoughts, or inner being. Alternate translation: “encourage me” or “comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 55 | PHM | 1 | 21 | am1e | figs-you | 0 | General Information: | Here the words “your” and “you” are plural and refer to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 56 | PHM | 1 | 21 | xpn6 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul closes his letter and gives a blessing on Philemon and the believers that met for church in Philemon’s house. | ||
| 57 | PHM | 1 | 21 | g6fx | πεποιθὼς τῇ ὑπακοῇ σου | 1 | Having confidence in your obedience | “Because I am sure that you will do what I ask” | |
| 58 | PHM | 1 | 22 | bx62 | ἅμα | 1 | at the same time | “while you are doing this” | |
| 59 | PHM | 1 | 22 | akw1 | καὶ ἑτοίμαζέ μοι ξενίαν | 1 | also prepare a guest room for me | “also make a room in your house ready for me.” Paul asked Philemon to do this for him. | |
| 60 | PHM | 1 | 22 | ctr4 | χαρισθήσομαι ὑμῖν | 1 | I will be given back to you | “those who are keeping me in prison will set me free so that I can go to you.” | |
| 61 | PHM | 1 | 23 | x2d8 | translate-names | Ἐπαφρᾶς | 1 | Epaphras | This is a fellow believer and prisoner with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 62 | PHM | 1 | 23 | khx1 | ὁ συναιχμάλωτός μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus | “who is in prison with me because he serves Christ Jesus” | |
| 63 | PHM | 1 | 24 | si6p | Μᾶρκος, Ἀρίσταρχος, Δημᾶς, Λουκᾶς, οἱ συνεργοί μου | 1 | as do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers | “and Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers, also greet you” | |
| 64 | PHM | 1 | 24 | i5gc | translate-names | Μᾶρκος, Ἀρίσταρχος, Δημᾶς, Λουκᾶς | 1 | Mark…Aristarchus…Demas…Luke | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 65 | PHM | 1 | 24 | gf6e | οἱ συνεργοί μου | 1 | my fellow workers | “the men who work with me” or “who all work with me.” | |
| 66 | PHM | 1 | 25 | gq7p | figs-you | τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν | 1 | your spirit | The word **your** here refers to Philemon and all who met in his house. Alternate translation: “your spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 67 | PHM | 1 | 25 | apvl | figs-synecdoche | μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν | 1 | be with your spirit | The words **your spirit** are a synecdoche and represent the people themselves. Alternate translation: “be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |