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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote JOB front intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Job<br><br>1. Job is introduced (1:1–2:13)<br> * Job is blameless and wealthy (1:1–5)<br> * Yahweh allows Satan to test Job (1:6–2:10)<br>1. Three friends speak to Job (3:1–14:22)<br> * Eliphaz, Bildad, and ZopharJob replies to each<br>1. They speak to him again (15:1–21:34)<br> * Eliphaz, Bildad, and ZopharJob replies to each<br>1. They speak a third time (22:1–31:40)<br> * Eliphaz and BildadJob replies to each<br>1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24)<br>1. Yahweh answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34)<br>1. Job is humbled before Yahweh (42:1–6)<br>1. Yahweh rebukes Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (42:7–9)<br>1. Yahweh prospers Job again (42:10–17)<br><br>### What is the Book of Job about?<br><br>The Book of Job is about a man named Job who experienced disaster even though he was faithful to Yahweh. Job speaks with three friends and asks why Yahweh lets him experience trials and losses. The book teaches that we cannot understand all of Yahweh’s ways, and when we suffer, it is more important to trust Yahweh than it is to understand the reason for the suffering.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word “job.” Translators might use the traditional title of “The Book of Job” or just “Job.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Job” or “The Book About a Man Named Job.”<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Job?<br><br>We do not know who wrote the Book of Job. Many people suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but it may have been written after the time of Moses.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Does sin cause suffering?<br><br>When a person sins against Yahweh, it can cause the person to experience suffering. People in the ancient Near East generally believed that a person suffered because they or their ancestors sinned against God. This is what many religions teach. However, the Book of Job shows that a person may suffer even if he or she has not sinned. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job’s friends?<br><br>Job 2:11 refers to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar as the friends of Job. But they did not comfort Job. Instead, they tried to persuade Job to say something about God that Job believed was not true. So we might wonder if it is right to translate the word as “friends.” They did care about Job and they wanted to help him. However, what they said did not help Job because they did not understand the truth about God.<br><br>### When did the events in the Book of Job take place?<br><br>We do not know when the events in the Book of Job took place. It seems to be set around the time of Abraham and Isaac in the Book of Genesis. However, some verses are similar to ones in the Books of Proverbs and Isaiah, which are set much later.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What style of writing is in the Book of Job?<br><br>The writer starts and ends the Book of Job by telling what happened to Job in narrative form. He wrote the other parts in poetry form. In the ancient Near East, writers often used poetry to discuss matters of wisdom.<br><br>### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?<br><br>The Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. However, since the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books. JOB 1 intro lym1 0 # Job 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wealth<br><br>Job is very rich. During his time, a man’s wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Feasts<br><br>Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh’s provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Job’s faith<br>Satan believes that Job’s faith is based on Yahweh’s blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job’s life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) JOB 1 1 k5g4 translate-names 0 land of Uz Possible locations are: (1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or (2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 1 1 r5aj figs-doublet 0 blameless and upright The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 1 1 qj15 0 one who feared God Alternate translation: “one who honored God” JOB 1 1 y3ar figs-metaphor 0 turned from evil Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. Alternate translation: “refused to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 1 2 ntr7 translate-numbers 0 seven sons and three daughters “7 sons and 3 daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 1 3 t1ua translate-numbers 0 He possessed seven thousand sheep “He had 7,000 sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 1 3 mmd3 translate-numbers 0 three thousand camels “3,000 camels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 1 3 l5f2 translate-numbers 0 five hundred pairs of oxen “500 pairs of oxen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 1 3 x4bu 0 the greatest Alternate translation: “the richest” JOB 1 3 csw9 figs-explicit 0 all the people of the East The refers to places that were east of Canaan. Alternate translation: “all the people who live in lands that were east of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 1 4 i4lf 0 On each son’s assigned day, he would give The word “day” perhaps refers to the day when they celebrated the son’s birth. But it at least refers to the idea that the sons each took a turn in holding a feast. Alternate translation: “On each son’s birthday, the son would give” or “Each son in turn would give” JOB 1 4 ey91 0 he would give … They would send and call for “he habitually gave … They habitually sent and called for “ JOB 1 4 x3v2 0 with them The word “them” refers to the seven sons and the three daughters but does not include Job. JOB 1 5 ik8z 0 Job would send … he would consecrate … He would rise early in the morning and offer … he would say Alternate translation: “he habitually gave … They habitually sent and called for … Job habitually sent … he habitually consecrated … He habitually rose early in the morning and offered … he habitually said” JOB 1 5 s2c6 0 When the days of the feast were over Alternate translation: “When the feast was over” or “After the feast” JOB 1 5 w9xc 0 Job would send for them Alternate translation: “Job habitually sent someone to call them to come to him” JOB 1 5 k14m 0 he would consecrate them Here “consecrate” means to ask God to take away any ritual impurities that Job’s children might have brought upon themselves as they happily feasted together. Job did this by making sacrifices to God for them. JOB 1 5 du2j figs-metonymy 0 cursed God in their hearts Their “hearts” represent their thoughts. Often such thoughts could come unintentionally, without the person wanting to think them. Alternate translation: “cursed God in their thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 1 6 i5iw 0 Then it was the day when “At the time when” or “One day when.” This is not a specific day but apparently the gathering happened often. JOB 1 6 n2re 0 sons of God This refers to angels, heavenly beings. JOB 1 6 uwv6 0 to present themselves before Yahweh Alternate translation: “to stand together before Yahweh as he commanded them to do.” JOB 1 6 k7e8 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. JOB 1 7 plj3 figs-parallelism 0 From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it The phrases “wandering” and “going back and forth” refer to the activity of traveling all over the earth in order to emphasize its completeness. Alternate translation: “From going everywhere on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) JOB 1 8 s9h2 figs-rquestion 0 Have you considered my servant Job? “Have you thought about my servant Job?” Here God is beginning to talk with Satan about Job. Alternate translation: “Consider my servant Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 1 8 ncu7 figs-doublet 0 a blameless and upright man The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 1 8 n9a8 0 one who fears God “one who honors God.” See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). JOB 1 9 i5tn figs-rquestion 0 Does Job fear God without reason? “Does Job respect God for no reason?” Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question. He says that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. Alternate translation: “Job has a reason for obeying God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 1 10 f5z2 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side Satan states the facts to support his argument. Alternate translation: “You have protected him, his family and everything he owns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 1 10 r7xt figs-metaphor 0 put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side Just as a barrier such as a wall or a hedge surrounds and protects one’s land, God has surrounded Job with his protection. Alternate translation: “protected him and his house and all that is his” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 1 10 l9et 0 the deeds of his hands Alternate translation: “everything that he does” JOB 1 10 xg3q 0 his cattle have burst forth in the land Alternate translation: “he has more and more livestock in the land” JOB 1 11 k6w4 0 But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. Alternate translation: “But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, you will see that he will curse you to your face” JOB 1 11 y4qi figs-metonymy 0 But now stretch out your hand Here “hand” refers to God’s power to act. “But now use your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 1 11 ax31 figs-metonymy 0 touch all that he has Here “touch” represents the action of harming or destroying. Alternate translation: “attack all that he has” or “destroy all that he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 1 11 bn3v 0 to your face “in your hearing.” This refers to a time when God is paying attention. JOB 1 12 d2uy 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to all that I am about to tell you” JOB 1 12 bul4 figs-metonymy 0 all that he has is in your hand Here “hand” represents someone’s power to control something. Alternate translation: “you have power over all that he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 1 12 b94v 0 against him himself Alternate translation: “against his life” JOB 1 12 gn4s 0 went away from the presence of Yahweh Alternate translation: “departed from Yahweh” or “left Yahweh” JOB 1 15 s7b7 translate-names 0 the Sabeans This refers to a people in a region in modern day Yemen. Here it represents a group of raiders or bandits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 1 15 eib3 figs-metaphor 0 fell on them Here “fell” represents the idea of attacking. Alternate translation: “attacked them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 1 15 jw7q figs-metonymy 0 have struck Here striking represents killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 1 15 ple3 figs-metaphor 0 the edge of the sword Here “edge” represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Sabeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 1 16 a5g7 0 While he was still speaking “he” refers to the first messenger JOB 1 16 p6dx figs-ellipsis 0 another also came This refers to another messenger. Alternate translation: “another messenger also came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 1 16 bpd8 0 I alone have escaped to tell you See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md). JOB 1 17 mu5j figs-metaphor 0 As for the servants, they have struck them with the edge of the sword. I alone have escaped to tell you Here “edge” represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Chaldeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 1 18 s99m 0 Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house See how you translated this in [Job 1:13](../01/13.md). JOB 1 19 l53s 0 A strong wind Alternate translation: “A tornado” or “A desert storm” JOB 1 19 vau5 0 the four corners of the house Alternate translation: “the structural supports of the house” JOB 1 19 t6zp 0 It fell on the young people Alternate translation: “The house fell on your sons and daughters” JOB 1 19 s3kd 0 I alone have escaped to tell you See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md). JOB 1 20 d1w8 translate-symaction 0 tore his robe, shaved his head These were ritual mourning actions, symbolizing deep grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 1 21 wph4 0 I was naked when I came out of my mother’s womb, and I will be naked when I will return there Alternate translation: “At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing” JOB 1 22 l3ef 0 In all this matter Alternate translation: “Regarding all this that happened” JOB 1 22 xns1 0 accuse God of wrongdoing Alternate translation: “say that God had done wrong” JOB 2 intro ke5i 0 # Job 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job’s health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) JOB 2 1 rz1x 0 General Information: This verse is almost exactly the same as [Job 1:6](../01/06.md) and can probably be translated in the same way. JOB 2 1 r1zs 0 Then it was the day See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). JOB 2 1 hst1 0 the day when This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. Alternate translation: “at the time when” or “one day when” JOB 2 1 dg33 0 sons of God See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). JOB 2 1 jay2 0 present themselves before Yahweh See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). JOB 2 2 vu2m 0 General Information: This verse is exactly the same as [Job 1:7](../01/07.md) and can probably be translated in the same way. JOB 2 3 t8ds 0 General Information: This verse is the same as [Job 1:8](../01/08.md), except for the addition of “He still holds fast to his integrity, although you misled me against him, to destroy him without cause.” JOB 2 3 d12l figs-rquestion 0 Have you considered my servant Job? This rhetorical question actually makes a statement.See how you translated this in [Job 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “Consider my servant Job.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 2 3 uz5k figs-doublet 0 a blameless and upright man The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 2 3 eq69 0 one who fears God and turns away from evil See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). JOB 2 3 awm6 0 still holds fast to his integrity Alternate translation: “remains completely dedicated to doing what is good and right” JOB 2 3 khj6 0 misled me against him Alternate translation: “persuaded me without cause to attack him” JOB 2 3 p2iq 0 to destroy him Here “destroy” represents “make poor.” Alternate translation: “to make him a poor man” JOB 2 4 s8ua figs-metonymy 0 Skin for skin, indeed “Skin” here is a metonym for Job’s life. Alternate translation: “A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 2 5 d2rf 0 But stretch out your hand now and touch his bones and his flesh, and see if he does not curse you to your face Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. Alternate translation: “But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch his bones and his flesh, you will see that he will curse you to your face” JOB 2 5 id2l figs-metonymy 0 stretch out your hand Here “hand” refers to God’s power to act. “But now use your power.” See how you translated this in [Job 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 2 5 cz3l figs-metonymy 0 touch Here “touch” represents the action of harming. Alternate translation: “attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 2 5 qau8 figs-synecdoche 0 his bones and his flesh This expression represents Job’s body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 2 5 i3ij 0 curse you to your face See how you translated this in [Job 1:11](../01/11.md). JOB 2 5 b5lr figs-metaphor 0 to your face This refers to a time when God is paying attention. Alternate translation: “in your hearing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 2 7 fj98 0 Then Satan went away from the presence of Yahweh See how you translated this in [Job 1:12](../01/12.md). JOB 2 7 gtz9 0 He struck Job with painful boils Alternate translation: “He caused Job to suffer greatly with painful boils” JOB 2 7 ts4r 0 painful boils large, itching and painful skin infections JOB 2 8 k22q 0 a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch. JOB 2 8 f72v figs-euphemism 0 sat down in the middle of ashes This probably refers to a place where trash and garbage were dumped and perhaps burned. Sitting in such a place was a sign of deep mourning. Alternate translation: “sat on the trash heap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 2 9 v1yj figs-rquestion 0 Do you still hold fast to your integrity? This rhetorical question represents a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not still be holding fast to your integrity.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 2 9 wgb4 0 Curse God Alternate translation: “Reject God” JOB 2 10 p6a8 0 You talk as a foolish woman Alternate translation: “You talk the way a stupid woman talks” JOB 2 10 hrr4 figs-rquestion 0 Should we receive the good from God and not receive the bad? This rhetorical question represents a statement. Alternate translation: “We should certainly receive the bad from God as well as the good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 2 10 i8pq 0 receive the good Alternate translation: “benefit from all the good things” JOB 2 10 ltp4 figs-genericnoun 0 the good This represents all the good things that God gives us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 2 10 gz46 0 receive the bad Alternate translation: “suffer all the bad things without complaining” JOB 2 10 kiz6 figs-genericnoun 0 the bad This represents all the bad things that God makes or allows us to experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 2 10 wj2i figs-metonymy 0 sin with his lips Here “lips” represents the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “sin by speaking against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 2 11 c4dm translate-names 0 Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men’s names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah. Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 2 11 s59z 0 set a time Alternate translation: “agreed on a time” JOB 2 11 en96 figs-doublet 0 to mourn with him and to comfort him Here the words “mourn with” and “comfort” share similar meanings. The friends try to comfort Job by mourning with him. Alternate translation: “to grieve with Job in order to help ease his suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 2 12 fu87 figs-idiom 0 they lifted up their eyes This is an idiom that means “they looked intently” or “they looked carefully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 2 12 kle6 0 they did not recognize him This probably means that Job’s visitors did not recognize him at first, when they saw him at a distance. Job looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. Alternate translation: “they barely recognized him” JOB 2 12 jd72 figs-idiom 0 They raised their voices and wept Here “raised their voices” is an idiom that means they became loud. Alternate translation: “They wept out loud” or “They wept loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 2 12 ira1 translate-symaction 0 tore his robe This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 2 12 zzf1 translate-symaction 0 threw dust into the air and upon his own head These were signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 3 intro jci9 0 # Job 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job’s earnest desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 3 1 hmv8 figs-idiom 0 opened his mouth This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 3 3 z3eb figs-personification 0 May the day on which I was born perish, the night Job speaks of that day and night as if they were people. Alternate translation: “I wish that I had never been born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 3 zca2 figs-ellipsis 0 the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived.’ This expression intensifies the statement of Job’s grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. Alternate translation: “the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived’ perish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 3 3 q9nj figs-personification 0 the night that said Here the night is spoken of as if it were a person who could speak. The translator may choose, however, to translate it in a less metaphorical way. Alternate translation: “the night about which people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 3 ka1k 0 A boy has been conceived This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “his mother has conceived a male child” JOB 3 4 l7yy 0 General Information: The expressions in these verses are all wishes that the day of Job’s birth would no longer exist. This may imply that the day, although in the past, still existed somehow. The UST translates them as expressions of sadness about what that day was like. JOB 3 4 hr5h figs-parallelism 0 May that day be dark … neither may the sun shine on it These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job’s birth, thus repeating Job’s regret that he had been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 3 4 n4h1 figs-metaphor 0 May that day be dark This is a wish for that day to not exist any longer. Alternate translation: “may that day disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 5 xpc5 figs-personification 0 May darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own Here darkness and the shadow of death are spoken of as if they were people who could claim something as their own possession. The word “it” refers to the day of Job’s birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 5 lz4e figs-metaphor 0 the shadow of death Here a shadow represents death itself. Alternate translation: “death like a shadow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 5 ci87 figs-metaphor 0 May a cloud live over it Here a cloud is spoken of as if it were a person who could live over the day of Job’s birth. Alternate translation: “May a cloud cover it so no one can see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 5 tz1j figs-metaphor 0 everything that makes the day black This refers to things that block out the sun’s light and create darkness. Here “black” represents darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 5 j4if figs-personification 0 terrify it “terrify that day.” The day is spoken of as if it were a person who could be terrified by the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 6 g44b figs-personification 0 may thick darkness seize it This darkness is again spoken of as if it were a person who could grasp and hold the night. Alternate translation: “may thick darkness make it disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 6 mfe2 0 thick darkness Alternate translation: “deep darkness” or “complete darkness” JOB 3 6 hgn9 figs-personification 0 May it not rejoice The word “it” refers to the night of Job’s birth or conception. The night of Job’s conception is spoken of as if it were a person who should not rejoice. Alternate translation: “May that night vanish from the calendar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 6 d2mp figs-personification 0 may it not come into the number That night is spoken of as if it were a person who could walk. Alternate translation: “may no one count it in the number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 7 sh3e figs-personification 0 may that night be barren The night of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “may no child be born on that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 7 cdr2 figs-metaphor 0 may no joyful voice come into it Here that the night of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a time when it was still possible for someone to be happy. Alternate translation: “may no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 7 i8zr figs-synecdoche 0 joyful voice come Here the voice stands for a person who is happy. Alternate translation: “may no one be happy in it ever again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 3 8 i4gt 0 those who know how to wake up Leviathan Job is probably referring here to sorcerers and magicians, who he believes might be able to even provoke Leviathan in spreading chaos. Leviathan was an animal well known in Ancient Near Eastern mythology, which was thought to be responsible for all kinds of destruction, disorder, and chaos. JOB 3 9 eeu1 0 May the stars of that day’s dawn be dark This refers to the planets that are often visible just before dawn. Alternate translation: “May the stars that appear before that day’s first light be dark” JOB 3 9 fcl4 figs-personification 0 May that day look for light, but find none The day of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a person looking for something. Alternate translation: “May that day hope for light, but have none” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 9 max2 figs-personification 0 neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn The dawn is spoken of as if it had eyelids as a person has. Alternate translation: “nor see the first light of the dawn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 10 ta9d figs-metaphor 0 because it did not shut up the doors of my mother’s womb A woman’s womb is spoken of as if it were a container with doors. Alternate translation: “because that day did not close my mother’s womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 10 juv2 figs-personification 0 because it did not hide trouble from my eyes The day of Job’s birth is spoken of here as if it were a person who could hide something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 10 e47i figs-metonymy 0 from my eyes Here “eyes” represents the person who sees with them. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 3 11 kur9 0 General Information: This passage contains four rhetorical questions, which Job asks in order to really make a series of statements. JOB 3 11 gg8p figs-rquestion 0 Why did I not die when I came out from the womb? “Why did I not die at birth?” Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. Alternate translation: “I wish I had died the day I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 3 11 mh8p figs-rquestion 0 Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me? Job means to say that he should not have been born alive. Alternate translation: “I wish I had died when I came out of the womb.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 3 11 hh1m figs-idiom 0 give up my spirit This refers to dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 3 12 v9p9 figs-rquestion 0 Why did her knees welcome me? This perhaps refers to the lap of Job’s mother. His mother’s knees are spoken of as if they were people who could welcome a newborn baby. Alternate translation: “I wish there had been no lap to receive me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 12 j91k figs-rquestion 0 Why did her breasts receive me so that I should suck? Job’s mother’s breasts are spoken of as if they also were people who could welcome a newborn baby. Alternate translation: “I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 3 13 aal1 figs-hypo 0 Job begins talking about what would have been true if he had never been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 3 13 v6g8 figs-parallelism 0 For now I would have been lying down quietly. I would have slept and been at rest Job uses two sentences to think about what it would be like if he had never been born or had died at birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 3 13 pv57 figs-hypo 0 I would have been lying down quietly Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. Alternate translation: “I should have been lying down quietly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 3 13 hw7g 0 lying down quietly Alternate translation: “asleep, resting peacefully” JOB 3 13 e4ks figs-idiom 0 been at rest Here the word “rest” means to sleep peacefully, but also that Job would not be experiencing the pain that he does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 3 14 m4i4 0 with kings and counselors of the earth Alternate translation: “with kings and their advisers” JOB 3 15 kr3y figs-hypo 0 Or I would have been lying This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 3 15 kq2m figs-euphemism 0 I would have been lying with princes “I would be resting with princes.” In this phrase, the words “lying” and “resting” are a polite way of saying “no longer alive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 3 15 b79w figs-parallelism 0 who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 3 16 qn46 0 I would have been stillborn Alternate translation: “I would have died in my mother’s womb” JOB 3 16 qu2s 0 like infants that never see the light Alternate translation: “like babies who have never been born” JOB 3 16 j5tv 0 infants Alternate translation: “babies” or “very small children” JOB 3 17 ip8q 0 General Information: Job changes his talk from dying to life after death. JOB 3 17 t3ap figs-parallelism 0 There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 3 17 ar3h figs-explicit 0 There the wicked cease from trouble Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. Alternate translation: “In that place, evil people stop causing trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 3 18 zbk5 figs-metonymy 0 the voice of the slave driver Here “voice” is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. Alternate translation: “They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 3 19 yv5l figs-merism 0 small and great people This is a figure of speech which means “all people, both poor people and rich people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) JOB 3 19 xrv1 0 the servant is free from his master A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master. JOB 3 20 a8g2 figs-parallelism 0 Why is light given to him who is in misery? Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul Job’s two questions mean basically the same thing. He is wondering why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 3 20 zq45 figs-rquestion 0 Why is light given to him who is in misery? Here Job is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 3 20 naz6 figs-metaphor 0 light Here light represents life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 20 q28e figs-rquestion 0 Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul “why does God give life to a miserable person?” Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 3 21 hbh3 0 to one who longs … for hidden treasure This is the end of the question that Job begins asking with the words “Why is life given … bitter in soul” (verse 20). JOB 3 21 mg33 figs-metaphor 0 to one who longs for death without it coming Here death is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward someone. Alternate translation: “to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 21 lgj7 figs-metaphor 0 to one who digs for death more than for hidden treasure A person hoping to die is spoken of as if he were digging for buried treasure. Alternate translation: “to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 22 p5zy figs-rquestion 0 Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he finds the grave Here Job uses a question to make a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 3 22 z97v figs-doublet 0 one who rejoices very much and is glad The phrase “rejoices very much” means basically the same thing as “is glad.” Together, the two phrases emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “one who is extremely happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 3 22 p53t figs-euphemism 0 when he finds the grave This is a polite way of referring to dying. Alternate translation: “when he is dead and can be buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 3 22 ihl7 figs-metonymy 0 the grave Here the grave represents death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 3 23 fk1v figs-rquestion 0 Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in? Job asks this question in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “God should not give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 3 23 n6ge figs-metaphor 0 Why is light given to a man Here light represents life. Alternate translation: “Why does God keep a man alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 23 xgh3 figs-metaphor 0 whose way is hidden Here Job speaks of his future, which he does not know in advance, as if God had hidden it from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 23 f9q5 figs-metaphor 0 a man whom God has hedged in Here being in difficulties and dangers is spoken of as if it were being confined within narrow limits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 24 z8a9 figs-parallelism 0 For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 3 24 ya6w 0 my sighing happens instead of eating Alternate translation: “Instead of eating, I mourn” JOB 3 24 jp2u figs-metaphor 0 my groaning is poured out like water Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 3 25 pvp2 figs-parallelism 0 the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “what I feared most has happened to me” or “my worst fear has come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 3 26 f53t figs-parallelism 0 I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. Alternate translation: “I am very anxious” or “I am emotionally and physically tormented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 intro kk87 0 # Job 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 1 e5n4 translate-names 0 Eliphaz Eliphaz is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 4 1 c3fq translate-names 0 Temanite A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 4 2 y6k8 figs-rquestion 0 will you be impatient? Eliphaz asks this question in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely be impatient.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 2 knx6 0 will you be impatient? Alternate translation: “will that annoy you?” JOB 4 2 n3sr figs-rquestion 0 But who can stop himself from speaking? Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. Alternate translation: “No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)” or “I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief).” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 3 piw1 figs-parallelism 0 See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 3 fe8q figs-metonymy 0 you have strengthened weak hands Here “weak hands” represents people who need help. Alternate translation: “you have helped others when they needed help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 4 4 lvl1 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize: (1) the support that Job has given others in the past, (2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and (3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 4 tqj5 figs-metaphor 0 supported Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 4 fnd5 figs-metaphor 0 falling Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 4 c21w figs-metaphor 0 you have made feeble knees firm Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 5 jv44 figs-metaphor 0 But now trouble has come to you Here trouble is spoken of as if it were an object that could come to a person. Alternate translation: “But now you suffer from disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 5 w2d1 0 you are weary Alternate translation: “you are discouraged” JOB 4 6 b27y 0 your fear Alternate translation: “the fact that you honor God” JOB 4 6 jv9m figs-rquestion 0 Is not your fear your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope? Eliphaz asks these questions in order to tell Job that it is because of his sin that he is suffering. Alternate translation: “Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you do not trust God any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 6 w4dn figs-explicit 0 your fear Eliphaz means Job’s fear of God. Alternate translation: “your fear of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 4 6 nh5w figs-metaphor 0 your ways Here “your ways” represents “your conduct,” “how you behave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 7 ctx8 figs-rquestion 0 Who has ever perished when innocent? Eliphaz uses this question to prompt Job to search his life for sin (and God’s righteous judgment) as the cause of his loss. Alternate translation: “No one has ever perished when innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 7 ci3b figs-rquestion 0 when were the upright people ever cut off This question also means to make a statement, and may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “No one has ever cut off an upright person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 4 7 mq2s figs-metaphor 0 cut off Here being cut off represents being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 8 yw7b figs-metaphor 0 plow iniquity … sow trouble … reap Here the actions of plowing and sowing represent causing trouble for other people. The action of reaping represents suffering the trouble that one has himself caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 9 a93h figs-parallelism 0 By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 9 g9mp figs-metaphor 0 the breath of God This may represent the action of God giving a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 9 my29 figs-metaphor 0 the blast of his anger This expression suggests the heavy breathing that a person sometimes does through his nose when he is very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 9 sm4n figs-metaphor 0 breath … blast The second builds on the first. They make the same point by using meanings that increase the result. “By the puff of God’s mouth they die; the rushing wind of his anger devastates them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 9 l8s1 figs-activepassive 0 perish … are consumed The second phrase builds on the first. They make the same point. “By the puff of God’s breath they die, the rushing wind of his anger devastates them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 4 9 trx3 figs-metaphor 0 they are consumed Here being consumed or eaten represents being killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 10 vnp3 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God’s destruction of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 10 mw99 figs-metaphor 0 The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken. Here a lion’s roar, his voice, and his teeth being broken are used as pictures of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 10 l75n figs-activepassive 0 they are broken This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “something breaks them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 4 11 uru1 0 The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion’s family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed. JOB 4 11 n8m2 figs-activepassive 0 the cubs of the lioness are scattered If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something scatters the cubs of the lioness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 4 12 n1td figs-parallelism 0 Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me … my ear received a whisper about it These phrases express the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 13 h37a 0 visions in the night Alternate translation: “dreams” JOB 4 13 er9t 0 when deep sleep falls on people Alternate translation: “when people sleep very deeply” JOB 4 14 p54m figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz’s fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 14 pp18 figs-metaphor 0 fear and trembling came upon me Here fear and trembling are spoken of as if they were objects that could come to a person. Alternate translation: “I began to be afraid and to tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 15 j3h8 0 the hair of my flesh stood up This indicates great fear. JOB 4 15 s6t7 0 the hair of my flesh Alternate translation: “the hair on my body” JOB 4 16 c4qg figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 16 vak8 0 A form was before my eyes Alternate translation: “Something was before my eyes,” “I saw something” JOB 4 16 dat7 0 and I heard Alternate translation: “then I heard” JOB 4 17 qqw3 figs-rquestion 0 Can a mortal man be more righteous than God? Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, “Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?” or “Am I justified before God?” Alternate translation: “A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God.” or “A mortal man cannot be righteous before God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 17 hw7d figs-rquestion 0 Can a man be more pure than his Maker? This question has the same purpose as the previous question. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be more pure than his Maker.” or “A man cannot be pure before his Maker.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 17 r4a7 0 his Maker Alternate translation: “his Creator” JOB 4 19 x3pk figs-metaphor 0 those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 19 r4dq figs-metaphor 0 who are crushed sooner than a moth Possible meanings for this metaphor are: (1) “who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth” or (2) “whose lives are as short as the life of a moth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 4 20 ajf2 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 4 20 m44u figs-metaphor 0 Between morning and evening they are destroyed This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 4 20 znp6 figs-activepassive 0 they are destroyed This may also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 4 21 n9su figs-rquestion 0 Are not their tent cords plucked up among them? This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Have not their enemies plucked up their tent cords from among them?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 4 21 ugp9 figs-synecdoche 0 their tent cords Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person’s home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 intro kq38 0 # Job 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>### Sickness and sin<br><br>In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person’s illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 5 1 gaw4 figs-rquestion 0 To which of the holy ones will you turn? Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that there is no one Job can turn to for help. Alternate translation: “Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?” or “There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 5 1 n2rw 0 holy ones This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits. JOB 5 2 v7ip 0 jealousy kills the silly one Alternate translation: “jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively” JOB 5 2 wt27 figs-genericnoun 0 the silly one any silly person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 5 3 bn1m figs-genericnoun 0 a foolish person any foolish person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 5 3 za27 figs-metaphor 0 a foolish person taking root Here a person is spoken of as if he were a plant, perhaps becoming more foolish over time. Alternate translation: “a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 3 lcr1 0 his home This refers to the person’s family and all his property. JOB 5 4 j2um figs-parallelism 0 General Information: These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 5 4 yz4i 0 His children are far from safety Here, **His** refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in [Job 5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation: “Their children are never safe” JOB 5 4 i7p9 figs-metaphor 0 are crushed Here being crushed represents being oppressed, taken advantage of, at court. This idea may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “someone crushes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 5 4 e8js 0 city gate The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were given. JOB 5 4 ep6h 0 There is no one to rescue them Alternate translation: “There is no one to help the foolish people’s children out of their hardship” JOB 5 5 k9ap 0 they even take it from among the thorns This perhaps refers to parts of a field where the worst crops grow, because of thorn plants present. JOB 5 5 ded6 figs-metaphor 0 The thirsty pant for their wealth Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 6 kx25 figs-metaphor 0 For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 7 kz2s figs-simile 0 mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 5 9 ep8u 0 great and unsearchable things, marvelous things without number Alternate translation: “great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted” JOB 5 9 l8rt figs-metaphor 0 unsearchable things This refers to things that mankind cannot understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 9 ga9h figs-hendiadys 0 great and unsearchable things Here the writer uses two independent words connected by “and” to emphasize the greatness of God’s actions. Alternate translation: “greatly profound things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) JOB 5 9 sa4u 0 marvelous things Alternate translation: “wonderful things” or “wonders” JOB 5 11 die2 figs-metaphor 0 He does this in order to set up on high those who are low Humble people in distress are spoken of as if they were in a low position. When God rescues them, they receive honor. When this happens, they are spoken of as being raised up and put into a high position. Alternate translation: “God does this in order to rescue and honor the humble who have been suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 12 z3jy figs-metaphor 0 He breaks the plans Here stopping the plans of crafty people is spoken of as if they were things that could be physically broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 13 rw2w figs-metaphor 0 He traps wise people in their own crafty actions Here making wise people suffer for their own evil actions is spoken of as if it were catching them in traps. Their own actions are spoken of as if they were those traps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 13 zp4c figs-metaphor 0 twisted people Here being evil in a clever way is spoken of as if it were being twisted. Alternate translation: “those who are cunning” or “those who are devious” or “those who are shrewd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 14 w5uy figs-metaphor 0 They encounter darkness in the daytime Here the cunning, wicked people whom God confuses are spoken of as if they unexpectedly are in the dark at noon, when the sun is at its highest position in the sky. They cannot do anything they wish to do, because they cannot see. Alternate translation: “Those who are cunning are in the dark, even at noontime” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 14 ua15 0 grope feel around like a blind person JOB 5 14 vnt6 0 noonday the middle of the day, when the sun is highest and brightest JOB 5 15 i885 figs-metaphor 0 But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths Here the insulting and threatening things that people say are spoken of as if they were a sword in their mouths. Alternate translation: “But he saves the poor person from the threats of the mighty” or “But he saves the poor person when the mighty threaten or insult them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 16 exr5 figs-personification 0 injustice shuts her own mouth People who say unjust things are spoken of as if they were the injustice itself, who must stop speaking. Alternate translation: “It is as though injustice shut her own mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 5 17 izq1 0 God corrects … chastening of the Almighty God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child. JOB 5 17 jr16 0 blessed is the man whom God corrects Alternate translation: “God really favors the man whom he corrects” JOB 5 17 g1br 0 do not despise Alternate translation: “do not reject” or “do not consider worthless” JOB 5 17 c4un 0 chastening Alternate translation: “instruction” or “correction” or “discipline” JOB 5 18 fx57 0 For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal Alternate translation: “For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal” JOB 5 18 dgs2 figs-synecdoche 0 his hands heal Here “his hands” represents God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 5 19 q4qe figs-metaphor 0 He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you The use of increasing numbers such as “six” and “seven” represents the idea of many, many times. Alternate translation: “He will rescue you out of trouble over and over again; indeed, time after time, no evil will touch you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 20 q1gi figs-metaphor 0 In famine he will ransom you Here rescuing is spoken of as if it were ransoming, buying back. Alternate translation: “In famine God will rescue you from danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 20 cy63 figs-synecdoche 0 the hands of the sword Here “hands” probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. Alternate translation: “violent people” or “people who attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 5 21 h9ag figs-abstractnouns 0 of destruction Here “destruction” refers to the danger of being destroyed by enemies. Alternate translation: “that any enemy will destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 5 22 m19v writing-symlanguage 0 You will laugh at destruction and famine Here “laugh” represents that the person is not afraid. Alternate translation: “You will not be afraid of any danger of destruction or famine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) JOB 5 22 dbx6 figs-metaphor 0 beasts of the earth This refers to wild animals. Alternate translation: “wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 23 kt43 figs-metaphor 0 you will have a covenant with the stones in your field Here the stones in farmers’ fields are spoken of as if they were people that someone could have a covenant with. Alternate translation: “the stones in your fields will be like people who promise that they will not make any trouble for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 23 rr79 figs-idiom 0 the beasts of the field This refers to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 5 24 ew8g figs-metaphor 0 You will know that your tent is in safety Here “tent” represents a person’s family, household, and all his possessions. Alternate translation: “You will know that your family, servants, and everything you own are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 24 i2fj 0 you will visit your sheepfold and you will not miss anything Alternate translation: “when you visit where your flock stays at night, you will find all your sheep there” JOB 5 25 fxb7 figs-metaphor 0 your seed will be great Here “seed” represents a person’s descendants. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be many” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 5 25 f961 figs-simile 0 your offspring will be like the grass on the ground Here “offspring” are spoken of as if they were as many as blades of grass, and probably as thriving, too. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be as many and as alive as the grass that grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 5 26 a9gt 0 You will come to your grave at a full age Alternate translation: “You will die at a very old age” JOB 5 26 w6jt figs-explicit 0 like a stack of grain bundles that goes up at its time You may need to make explicit that the grain in this simile is fully ripe but not overly ripe. He would neither die young nor become weak in his old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 5 27 uwj5 figs-exclusive 0 See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself The words “we” refers to Job’s friends but not to Job. Alternate translation: “Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I am saying and know that it is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) JOB 6 intro r7kh 0 # Job 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 2 use6 figs-parallelism 0 if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job’s suffering. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if only I could weigh my anguish and all my calamities in the balance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 2 cqr6 0 in the balance Alternate translation: “on a scale” JOB 6 3 l5j1 figs-simile 0 For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. Alternate translation: “For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 6 3 j9lz 0 my words were reckless Alternate translation: “I spoke recklessly” or “I spoke rashly” JOB 6 4 se7m figs-metaphor 0 For the arrows of the Almighty are in me This is a metaphor for Job’s suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that God has shot his body with. Alternate translation: “It is as though the Almighty has shot arrows into my body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 6 4 m898 figs-metaphor 0 my spirit drinks up the poison “my spirit drinks up the arrows’ poison.” This continues the metaphor of the arrows, by implying that they had tips of poison and that Job feels the pain in his spirit. He speaks of feeling this pain as if his spirit drank the poison. Alternate translation: “I feel the pain of their poison in my inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 6 4 l3u6 figs-personification 0 the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me Job speaks of the terrible things that have happened to him as if they were soldiers that God had lined up to attack him all at once. Alternate translation: “God has caused all the terrible things that could happen to happen to me all at once” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 6 4 sr2c figs-metaphor 0 the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me God causing many things to terrify Job is spoken of as if God’s terrors were soldiers lined up to attack Job. Alternate translation: “the terrors of God have arranged themselves like soldiers in an army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 6 5 vas3 figs-rquestion 0 Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder? Job poses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he has a reason to complain. These question can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Just as the wild donkey does not bray in despair when he has grass and as the ox does not low in hunger when he has fodder, I would not complain if I did not have a reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 5 h1b2 0 bray the sound a donkey makes JOB 6 5 i2r2 0 low the sound an ox makes JOB 6 5 tbl2 0 fodder animal food JOB 6 6 l3sd figs-metaphor 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? This could mean: (1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or (2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 6 6 cg4r figs-rquestion 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 6 xfj2 figs-activepassive 0 Can that which has no taste be eaten If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Can you eat that which has no taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 7 hy2z 0 I refuse to touch them “Them” refers to bad tasting foods. JOB 6 9 yf92 figs-euphemism 0 to crush me once This means for God to cause him to die. Alternate translation: “to crush me and let me die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 6 9 f53h figs-idiom 0 that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life The phrases “let loose his hand” is an idiom that means to act quickly. Also, the phrase “cut me off from this life” is a euphemism for killing him. Alternate translation: “that he would act quickly and cut short my life” or “that he would act quickly and end my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 6 10 gre4 0 even if I exult in pain that does not lessen Alternate translation: “I would leap for joy in unending pain” or “I would endure pain that does not diminish” JOB 6 10 a736 0 exult Alternate translation: “rejoice” JOB 6 10 f2zu 0 does not lessen Alternate translation: “does not diminish” JOB 6 10 ji9n 0 that I have not denied the words of the Holy One This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “that I have always obeyed the Holy One” JOB 6 11 b1ue figs-rquestion 0 What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life? Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has no reason to continue living. These questions have the same meaning. They may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not have enough strength to go on living; I have no reason to prolong my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 6 12 vp49 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job’s lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 6 12 n69y figs-rquestion 0 Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze? Job describes the weakness of his body by saying that he is not as strong as rocks and bronze to emphasize his lack of strength. These rhetorical questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I am not as strong as the rocks. My flesh is not as strong as metal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 13 lg48 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not true that I have no help in myself … me? Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Also, the phrase “no help in myself” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is true that I have no strength left … me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 6 13 h5wf figs-activepassive 0 wisdom has been driven out of me “my success has been taken from me.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my wisdom is gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 14 e6e6 figs-activepassive 0 To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 14 s4yi figs-metaphor 0 who is about to faint This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. Alternate translation: “who feels hopeless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 6 14 naj8 0 even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty “even if he stops fearing Almighty God.” This could mean: (1) the faint person does not fear God or (2) his friend does not fear God. JOB 6 15 p13y figs-simile 0 But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a “wadi” which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his “brothers.” Alternate translation: “But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 6 15 l6xj figs-simile 0 as channels of water that pass away to nothing “like streams of water that dry up.” Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 6 16 pnp2 figs-parallelism 0 which are darkened because of ice over them … and because of the snow that hides itself in them These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. Alternate translation: “which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 6 16 cq2i figs-personification 0 because of the snow that hides itself in them This speaks of the snow melting and the water going into the streambed as if the snow were hiding in the streambed. Alternate translation: “because the snow melts and goes into them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 6 17 z6dh figs-parallelism 0 When they thaw out, they vanish … when it is hot, they melt out of their place These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed dries up in the hot season. Alternate translation: “When it is hot, the ice melts and the streambeds dry up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 6 18 t8lv figs-metaphor 0 Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 6 18 vke1 0 The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water Alternate translation: “The caravans turn aside from the routes to find water” or “The caravans change course looking for water” JOB 6 18 dm5v 0 The caravans A caravan is a large group of travelers riding camels across the desert. JOB 6 18 n26d 0 barren land Alternate translation: “wasteland” or “empty land” JOB 6 19 m9l7 translate-names 0 Tema … Sheba These are the names of places. The people of these places used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 6 19 ua63 0 while companies of Sheba Alternate translation: “while caravans from Sheba” JOB 6 19 n6an 0 hoped in them Alternate translation: “hoped for them” or “put their hope in them” JOB 6 20 mue3 figs-activepassive 0 but they were deceived If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but they were disappointed” or “but they were not satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 6 21 km28 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he did not ask for help from any of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 21 gk7t 0 For now Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying. JOB 6 21 wa4z 0 you friends are nothing to me Alternate translation: “you friends have not helped me at all” JOB 6 21 zr7k figs-explicit 0 are afraid This means that they see the trouble Job has and are afraid of being in the same situation. Alternate translation: “you are afraid that God might do similar things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 6 23 vq26 figs-rquestion 0 or, ‘Save me from my adversary’s hand’ or, ‘Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors’? These words are the last of a series of rhetorical questions that begins in verse 22. Job uses these questions to emphasize that he has not asked his friends to give him anything or to help him. “I never said to you, ‘Give … me’ or, ‘Offer … wealth’ or, ‘Save … hand’ or, ‘Ransom … oppressors’.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 23 x1gs figs-metonymy 0 my adversary’s hand … the hand of my oppressors The word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “having my adversary control me … having my oppressors control me” or “my adversary’s power … my oppressors’ power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 6 23 z65f 0 Ransom me Alternate translation: “Rescue me” JOB 6 24 t8mf figs-you 0 Teach me … make me These verbs “teach” and “make” are second person plural and are spoken to his friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 6 24 jg8f figs-idiom 0 I will hold my peace This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will be silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 6 25 ukw2 0 How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? The exact meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate “How painful” as “How pleasant.” Alternate translation: “When a person speaks the truth, it harms no one. But your arguments are not true, so how do they actually rebuke me?” JOB 6 25 bt6s figs-rquestion 0 But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me.” or “But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 25 rrn5 0 your arguments Alternate translation: “your reasons” or “your claims” JOB 6 26 l7bp figs-rquestion 0 Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind? Job uses this rhetorical question to scold his friends. He compares his words to the wind to explain that his friends act like his words are empty and useless. Alternate translation: “You ignore my words! I am a desperate man, and you treat my words as if they are as useless as the wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 6 26 zm1w figs-you 0 Do you “You” is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 6 27 w62r 0 you cast lots for a fatherless child Alternate translation: “you would even gamble to win an orphan” JOB 6 27 jib8 figs-you 0 you cast lots … haggle over your friend Here “you” and “your” are in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 6 27 q6lj figs-simile 0 haggle over your friend like merchandise This compares how the man would sell his friend to how a person sells merchandise or wares. Alternate translation: “bargain to sell your friend for money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 6 28 eq8v 0 Now This word is used by Job to introduce new information. JOB 6 28 m2bq figs-you 0 please look The verb “to look” is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 6 28 q6v3 figs-synecdoche 0 I would not lie to your face The word “your” refers to Job’s friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. Alternate translation: “I would not lie to you while I am looking at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 6 29 c7zi 0 Relent, I beg you Alternate translation: “Please be merciful to me” or “Stop speaking like this, I beg you” JOB 6 29 fcq7 figs-doublenegatives 0 let there be no injustice with you This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “treat me fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) JOB 6 29 hka9 0 Indeed, relent Alternate translation: “Please relent.” JOB 6 30 km3f figs-rquestion 0 Is there evil on my tongue? “Do I say wicked things?” Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not say wicked things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 6 30 z316 figs-metonymy 0 on my tongue Here Job’s speech is represented by his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “in my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 6 30 f1ga figs-rquestion 0 Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his “mouth” to emphasize his speech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 7 intro y5ka 0 # Job 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 1 nz5u figs-rquestion 0 Does not man have hard labor on earth? Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “There is hard labor for every person on earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 1 a1c6 figs-hyperbole 0 on earth This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. Alternate translation: “while he lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 7 1 m3yt figs-rquestion 0 Are not his days like the days of a hired man? Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. Alternate translation: “And their days are like the days of a hired man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 7 1 n56j 0 a hired man “a day laborer.” This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day. JOB 7 2 g9ji figs-simile 0 Like a slave … like a hired man Job compares his misery and trouble to that of the slave and hired man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 7 2 f1pu figs-explicit 0 the shadows of evening “cool shade.” The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 7 2 d651 0 looks for his wages Alternate translation: “waits for his pay” JOB 7 3 fpt6 figs-activepassive 0 I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so I endure months of misery; I get trouble-filled nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 7 3 cp2i figs-explicit 0 months of misery If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **misery**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “miserable.” Alternate translation: “months when I am miserable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 7 4 m7jx figs-explicit 0 When I lie down The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. Alternate translation: “When I lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 7 4 fij2 figs-rpronouns 0 I say to myself Job poses a question to no one else in particular. Alternate translation: “I ask” or “I wonder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JOB 7 4 sf4y figs-rquestion 0 When will I get up and when will the night be gone? Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could get up, but night continues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 4 m4sv 0 tossing to and fro “turning back and forth.” This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest. JOB 7 5 sh53 figs-metaphor 0 My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: “My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 7 5 l429 figs-synecdoche 0 My flesh This represents his whole body. Alternate translation: “My body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 7 5 lry5 0 clods of dust This could mean: (1) lumps or crusts of dirt or (2) scabs on the skin. JOB 7 5 we79 0 dissolve and run afresh Alternate translation: “break out again” JOB 7 6 tf2g figs-simile 0 My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver’s shuttle. Alternate translation: “My life goes by very quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 7 6 pvg2 0 weaver a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn JOB 7 6 fy2b 0 a weaver’s shuttle a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth JOB 7 7 uf8v 0 call to mind “remember.” The phrase “call to mind” does not mean God forgot. Job is asking God to consider or think about the shortness of Job’s life. JOB 7 7 ee27 figs-metaphor 0 my life is only a breath Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. Alternate translation: “my life is very short, like taking one breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 7 7 bw35 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye will no more see good Here “my eye” represents Job’s whole person and his ability to see or experience things. Alternate translation: “I will never again experience good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 7 8 f5vc figs-explicit 0 The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more Many versions of the Bible translate this as “The eye which sees me will see me no more.” The words “of God” were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 7 8 p6u5 figs-synecdoche 0 The eye of God, who sees me … God’s eyes will be on me Here God is represented by his “eye” to emphasize what he looks at. Alternate translation: “God who watches me … God will look for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 7 9 q76u figs-simile 0 As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 7 9 m6z6 figs-activepassive 0 As a cloud is consumed This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “As a cloud fades” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 7 9 g4h1 0 he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more Alternate translation: “he who dies will not return” JOB 7 10 xnf4 figs-metonymy 0 his place The words “his place” represent those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 7 11 ed6a figs-parallelism 0 I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 7 11 q76q figs-metonymy 0 I will not restrain my mouth Here the mouth represents speech. Alternate translation: “I will not restrain my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 7 11 v8zz figs-abstractnouns 0 in the anguish of my spirit “in the distress of my spirit” or “in the torment of my suffering.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “distress.” Alternate translation: “while my spirit is distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 7 11 ti81 figs-metaphor 0 in the bitterness of my soul Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 7 12 qy6r figs-rquestion 0 Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me? Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 7 13 v7e8 figs-metonymy 0 My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint Here “bed” and “couch” are metonyms for “sleep.” In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. Alternate translation: “My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 7 13 d3uy 0 My bed … my couch These phrases refer to the same thing. Alternate translation: “My bed … my bed” JOB 7 14 pf6s 0 you scare me “you” here refers to God JOB 7 15 et7t 0 strangling killing a person by squeezing the throat and stopping the breathing JOB 7 15 nee4 figs-synecdoche 0 these bones of mine Here Job uses the word “bones” to refer to his body. Alternate translation: “This body of mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 7 16 jd5k figs-parallelism 0 The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job’s misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 7 16 th4d 0 I loathe my life Alternate translation: “I despise my life” JOB 7 16 eu9h 0 to always be alive Alternate translation: “to live forever” JOB 7 16 yp5g 0 my days are useless Alternate translation: “my days are pointless” or “the days of my life are empty” JOB 7 17 awx9 figs-rquestion 0 Job asks a rhetorical question to say that he does not understand why God should pay attention to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 17 w1ri figs-metonymy 0 set your mind on him Here the mind represents thoughts and attention. To “set your mind on” means to give attention to. Alternate translation: “direct your attention to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 7 18 s64b figs-rquestion 0 that you should observe … every moment? This is the end of the rhetorical question that Job begins asking with the words “What is man that” in verse 17. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Tell me what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” or “I do not understand what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 18 cdq5 0 observe him Alternate translation: “carefully examine him” JOB 7 19 eb8v figs-parallelism 0 How long will it be … swallow down my own saliva? Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. Alternate translation: “Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 19 ts1s 0 saliva liquid produced in people’s mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food JOB 7 20 wwv1 figs-rquestion 0 Even if I have sinned … burden for you? Job poses these questions to argue against God treating him unfairly. Alternate translation: “Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, as you watch over people. Tell me why you have made me your target, so that I am a burden for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 21 gzz5 figs-parallelism 0 Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: (1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity.” or (2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 7 21 ek8a 0 take away Alternate translation: “remove” JOB 7 21 yf7g figs-metonymy 0 now will I lie down in the dust The phrase “lie down in the dust” is a metonym that represents dying. Alternate translation: “now I will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 7 21 uz1p 0 I will not exist Alternate translation: “I will not be here” or “I will be gone” JOB 8 intro md4v 0 # Job 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Bildad’s advice<br>Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 8 1 emj8 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 8 1 xwz1 0 Connecting Statement: In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job’s complaints. JOB 8 1 y8y8 translate-names 0 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered “Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 8 2 gg55 figs-metaphor 0 How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind? Bildad speaks of Job’s words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 8 3 x959 figs-rquestion 0 Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness? Here “God” and “the Almighty” both refer to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questions as statements. Alternate translation: “God does not pervert justice; the Almighty does not pervert righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 8 3 p2fp 0 pervert justice?…pervert righteousness? Alternate translation: “approve of and do what is not just?…approve of and do what is not righteous?” JOB 8 4 icy5 figs-metonymy 0 for he gave them into the hand of their sins Here “hand” represents the power or results of sin. Bildad implies that God killed Job’s children because of their sin. Alternate translation: “for God caused the consequences of your children’s sins to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 8 5 lpy9 figs-hypo 0 But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty Bildad is saying what would have happened if Job had correctly spoken to God, but Bildad does not believe that Job really did this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 8 5 q7cd figs-doublet 0 diligently sought God … presented your request to the Almighty These two phrases both refer to Job asking God for help or pleading with God for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 8 5 c9ii 0 diligently sought God Alternate translation: “earnestly asked God for help” JOB 8 6 u412 figs-hypo 0 General Information: Bildad says that God would treat Job well if he was pure, but Bildad does not believe that Job is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 8 6 a4ua 0 If you are pure and upright Alternate translation: “If only you were pure and righteous” or “If only you would obey God and do what is right” JOB 8 6 f6a2 figs-metaphor 0 stir himself on your behalf Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he woke from sleep to help Job. Alternate translation: “help you” or “do good things for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 6 k3xq 0 restore you to your rightful place This refers to giving back to Job the things he lost, including his family, wealth, and honor. JOB 8 7 cd7r figs-metaphor 0 Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater Here lack of wealth is spoken of as being a “small beginning.” Alternate translation: “Even if you were poor early in your life, God would make you very wealthy later in your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 8 iq7n 0 give your attention to what our ancestors learned Alternate translation: “study carefully what our ancestors discovered” or “consider the things our forefathers learned” JOB 8 9 m5vp figs-metaphor 0 our days on earth are a shadow The shortness of life is spoken of as if it were a shadow which quickly disappears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 10 h2ae figs-rquestion 0 Will they not teach you and tell you? Will they not speak words from their hearts? Bildad uses these rhetorical questions to rebuke Job for not agreeing with Bildad and the ancestors. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “They will teach you and tell you and speak what they sincerely believe.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 8 10 u4ad figs-metonymy 0 from their hearts Here the word “hearts” represents their inner beliefs. Alternate translation: “that they sincerely believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 8 11 a2hm 0 General Information: It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). JOB 8 11 tj37 figs-rquestion 0 Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water? Bildad uses these two parallel questions to emphasize the single point that people cannot live without God. Here the plants represent people and the water represents God. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Papyrus plants cannot grow away from the marshes. Reeds cannot grow without water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 11 ig9q 0 papyrus a tall reed-like plant that grows in shallow water JOB 8 12 ht78 0 General Information: It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). JOB 8 12 q4x1 figs-explicit 0 While they are still green and not cut down, they wither before any other plant It is implied that they wither when there is no water. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Without water, they stop growing and wither faster than any other plant, even if no one cuts them down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 8 12 ugh5 0 wither Alternate translation: “dry up” JOB 8 13 vn8n 0 General Information: It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). JOB 8 13 y6pd figs-metonymy 0 So also are the paths of all who forget God Here “the paths” represents a person’s future and the events that will happen to them. Alternate translation: “The same thing will happen to everyone who forgets God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 8 13 fc76 0 the hope of the godless will perish Alternate translation: “the things the godless person desires will not happen” JOB 8 14 m1bj figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). In this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 8 14 yg2t figs-parallelism 0 His confidence will break apart … his trust is as weak as a spider’s web These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the godless person is trusting in something that cannot save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 8 14 e61x figs-simile 0 his trust is as weak as a spider’s web Here Bildad compares the trust of the godless person to a spider’s web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 8 15 h15h figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: In this verse the pronouns “he” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 8 15 g7al figs-metaphor 0 He leans on his house, but it will not support him; he takes hold of it, but it does not stand This statement probably refers to a man relying on his property and wealth for security. If so, then “house” here represents the owner’s property and wealth. Alternate translation: “He thinks he will be safe because he is wealthy, but he will not be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 15 r6mq figs-litotes 0 it will not support him This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “he will fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 8 15 s164 figs-litotes 0 it does not stand This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “it will fall down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 8 16 zn7y figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: Here pronouns “he” and “his” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 8 16 x5ph figs-metaphor 0 Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 16 d31w 0 Under the sun he is green The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. This could mean: (1) he is healthy during the day or (2) he is watered before the sun rises. JOB 8 17 i19y figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: In this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 8 17 cty7 figs-parallelism 0 His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone … they look for good places among the rocks These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. This could mean: (1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or (2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 18 qe8b figs-genericnoun 0 General Information: In this verse the pronouns “his” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 8 18 ib86 figs-activepassive 0 if this person is destroyed out of his place If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if someone pulls him out of his place” or “if a gardener tears him out of the garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 8 18 tq8v 0 his place Alternate translation: “the rocky ground” or “the garden” JOB 8 18 b7jg figs-personification 0 that place will deny him and say, ‘I never saw you.’ The garden is spoken of as if it had human ability to speak. The garden immediately forgets that he existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 19 llr9 figs-irony 0 this is the “joy” of such a person’s behavior Bildad is speaking with irony to express that there is not any real joy for the godless person. Alternate translation: “this is all the joy they will receive from their godless actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 8 19 z27b figs-metaphor 0 other plants will sprout out of the same soil in his place Bildad continues the metaphor from [Job 8:16-18](./16.md). Other godless people are spoken of as plants who take the place of the first godless man when he dies. Alternate translation: “when one wicked man dies, another will take his place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 19 n1qg 0 sprout Alternate translation: “grow” JOB 8 19 j8fx 0 the same soil Alternate translation: “the rocky ground” or “the garden” JOB 8 19 y97b 0 in his place Alternate translation: “in the place of the godless man” JOB 8 20 i9v4 0 God will not cast away an innocent man This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “God will accept an innocent man” JOB 8 20 gz4z figs-metonymy 0 neither will he take the hand of evildoers Here “take the hand” refers to help or support. Alternate translation: “God will not support people who do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 8 21 td9s figs-parallelism 0 He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy Job would be if he were innocent. The word “he” refers to God and “your” refers to Job. Alternate translation: “God will make you very happy again if you are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 8 21 ezc5 figs-metaphor 0 fill your mouth with laughter God causing Job to laugh is spoken of as if God had poured laughter into Job’s mouth. Alternate translation: “cause you to continually laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 21 e5gp figs-ellipsis 0 your lips with shouting The verb “fill” is understood from the previous clause. God causing him to shout for joy is spoken of as if God had poured joy into Job’s mouth. Alternate translation: “God will cause you to shout for joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 22 tc4g figs-metaphor 0 Those who hate you will be clothed with shame Here “shame” is spoken of as if it were clothing that God will cause Job’s enemies to wear. This means they will be very ashamed. Alternate translation: “God will cause those who hate you to be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 8 22 k5y9 0 the tent of the wicked will be no more Here “tent” refers to the homes of the wicked. Alternate translation: “the houses of the wicked will be destroyed” JOB 8 22 uz63 0 will be no more Alternate translation: “will not last” or “will be destroyed” JOB 9 intro n51u 0 # Job 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness and Yahweh’s power<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh’s power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 9 2 e369 0 I truly know that this is so Alternate translation: “I know that what you say is true” JOB 9 2 a9ku 0 this is so Here the word “this” refers to what Bildad said. JOB 9 2 r4pi 0 how can a person be in the right with God? Alternate translation: “how can anyone be innocent before God?” JOB 9 3 a6um 0 argue dispute JOB 9 3 el71 figs-idiom 0 he cannot answer him once in a thousand times “Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” This could mean: (1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or (2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 9 3 t9fi 0 a thousand times Alternate translation: “1,000 times” JOB 9 4 mh8a figs-metonymy 0 wise in heart Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. Alternate translation: “wise in what he decides” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 4 f7rj figs-abstractnouns 0 mighty in strength If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “mighty in how strong he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 9 4 b286 figs-rpronouns 0 hardened himself against him To harden oneself means to be stubborn. Alternate translation: “resisted him” or “defied him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JOB 9 5 at5b 0 he who removes the mountains Alternate translation: “God removes the mountains” JOB 9 6 m19t 0 he who shakes the earth Alternate translation: “God shakes the earth” JOB 9 6 xth3 0 sets its supports trembling Alternate translation: “makes its foundations tremble” JOB 9 7 mt2x 0 who covers up the stars Alternate translation: “who blocks the stars from view” JOB 9 8 lya7 figs-rpronouns 0 who by himself stretches out the heavens God is spoken of as creating the heavens without any help, as if the heavens were fabric that he stretches out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 9 8 xis1 figs-metaphor 0 tramples down the waves of the sea God is spoken of as calming the sea as if with his feet. Alternate translation: “puts his feet down on the waves of the sea” or “calms the waves of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 9 9 n4y8 translate-unknown 0 the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) JOB 9 9 taz3 0 Orion a famous hunter in Greek mythology JOB 9 9 x429 0 Pleiades several bright stars that look like they are close together in the sky JOB 9 9 uzy5 0 constellations groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky JOB 9 10 h9d9 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is great, unseen, and sovereign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 9 10 g1vu 0 unsearchable things Alternate translation: “things that cannot be understood” JOB 9 11 j3wr 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” JOB 9 11 l3a7 0 he passes on Alternate translation: “he passes by” or “he moves on” JOB 9 12 tc75 figs-rquestion 0 If he takes something away, who can stop him? Who can say to him, ‘What are you doing? These are rhetorical questions that expect an answer of “No one.” They can be reworded as statements. Alternate translation: “If he takes something away, no one can stop him. No one can ask him, ‘What are you doing?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 9 12 gm8n 0 If he takes something away Alternate translation: “If he takes someone away” or “If he wants to snatch something away” JOB 9 13 e9gu translate-symaction 0 the helpers of Rahab bow beneath him Here “bow beneath him” symbolizes submission or defeat. Alternate translation: “he crushes the helpers of Rahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 9 13 nzr2 translate-names 0 Rahab The word “Rahab” here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 9 14 z61q figs-parallelism 0 How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him? Job poses two similar questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. They can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “So I certainly could not answer him or choose words to reason with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 9 17 w3dc figs-metaphor 0 For he breaks me with a tempest Job compares his troubles from God to the effects of a tempest. Alternate translation: “He injures me as if with a tempest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 9 17 qb29 0 tempest a powerful or violent storm JOB 9 17 rl4w 0 multiplies my wounds Alternate translation: “gives me many wounds” or “wounds me again and again” JOB 9 17 qw6a 0 without cause Alternate translation: “even though I have not given him cause to do so” or “even though I am innocent” JOB 9 18 bw17 figs-idiom 0 to regain my breath This is an idiom that means “to be able to breathe again” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 9 18 uqz6 figs-metaphor 0 he fills me with bitterness This verse pictures God as filling up Job’s life with things that make him bitter. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “bitter.” Alternate translation: “he fills me up with bitter things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 9 19 qi46 0 If it is a matter of strength Alternate translation: “If there is a contest of strength” JOB 9 19 ad8i 0 behold, he is mighty Alternate translation: “look and you will see that he is mighty” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you: he is mighty” JOB 9 19 a2rc 0 he is mighty Alternate translation: “he is the strong one” JOB 9 19 fjk3 figs-rquestion 0 who can summon him? This question expects an answer of “No one” to make the point that no one is able to bring God to court. This can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can summon him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 9 20 q6qk figs-parallelism 0 Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me; and though I am blameless, my words would prove me to be guilty This verse expresses the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 9 20 xtf8 figs-idiom 0 Though I am in the right Here “I am in the right” means I am the one who has done right things. Alternate translation: “Although I have done right things” or “Even though I am innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) JOB 9 20 grl2 figs-metonymy 0 my own mouth would condemn me Here “mouth” represents Job’s words. Alternate translation: “my own words would accuse me” or “what I say would condemn me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 20 ci26 0 blameless Alternate translation: “faultless” JOB 9 20 dd24 figs-metaphor 0 my words would prove me to be guilty Here “my words” are spoken of as if they could take action. Alternate translation: “God would use what I say to prove me guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 9 20 j9y3 0 guilty The word here has the meaning of “twisted” or “crooked.” JOB 9 21 n1sz 0 I am blameless Alternate translation: “I am faultless” JOB 9 21 ruv5 0 about myself Alternate translation: “what happens to me” JOB 9 22 ahw1 0 It makes no difference Alternate translation: “It is all the same” or “It does not matter” JOB 9 22 e1i7 figs-merism 0 he destroys blameless people and wicked people together Here “blameless” and “wicked” are two extremes for a merism that include everything in between. Alternate translation: “he brings everyone to an end, whether they are blameless or wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) JOB 9 23 hsd9 figs-metaphor 0 When a whip suddenly kills The word “whip” here is a metaphor for any kind of disaster. Alternate translation: “When a disaster suddenly happens and people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 9 23 m78u figs-metonymy 0 the despair of the innocent The word “despair” is an abstract noun that can be translated by the verb “despair.” Here it is a metonym for the innocent who are despairing. Alternate translation: “the innocent who are despairing” or “the innocent who have lost all hope” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 23 sgu2 figs-nominaladj 0 innocent This is a nominalized adjective. Alternate translation: “innocent people”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) JOB 9 24 v13g figs-activepassive 0 The earth is given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gives the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 9 24 rz2j figs-metonymy 0 The earth is Here “the earth” is used to represent the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “The people of the world are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 24 g65c figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Here “hand” is a metonym for “control.” Alternate translation: “into the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 24 l9pz figs-idiom 0 God covers the faces of its judges This idiom means God keeps the judges of the earth from being able to judge the difference between right and wrong. Alternate translation: “God makes its judges blind” or “God keeps its judges from judging rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 9 24 y1iv 0 If it is not he who does it, then who is it? Alternate translation: “If it is not God who does these things, then who does them?” JOB 9 25 aw7i figs-simile 0 My days are swifter than a running messenger Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a fast runner. Alternate translation: “My days pass swiftly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 9 25 um75 0 running messenger Alternate translation: “runner” or “running man” JOB 9 25 s36p figs-personification 0 my days flee away This pictures the days of Job’s life as being able to run away like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 9 25 a6zy figs-personification 0 they see no good anywhere This pictures the days of Job’s life as being able to see like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 9 25 ej64 0 no good Alternate translation: “no good thing” JOB 9 26 icr6 figs-simile 0 They are as fast as papyrus reed boats Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to the speed of fast boats. Alternate translation: “They pass quickly by like papyrus reed boats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 9 26 hle5 0 papyrus reed boats “boats made out of reeds.” Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers. JOB 9 26 vrq5 figs-simile 0 as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. Alternate translation: “as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 9 26 iuy1 0 swoops down Alternate translation: “rushes down” JOB 9 27 wk23 figs-abstractnouns 0 I would forget about my complaints If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **complaint**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “complain.” Alternate translation: “I would stop complaining” or “I would stop complaining against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 9 27 gn93 figs-explicit 0 my complaints It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. Alternate translation: “my complaints against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 9 27 vk9t figs-metaphor 0 I would take off my sad face and be happy Job’s sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. Alternate translation: “I would stop looking unhappy and smile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 9 28 rek4 grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 I would be afraid of all my sorrows Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word “then.” Alternate translation: “Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) JOB 9 28 hqx2 figs-abstractnouns 0 of all my sorrows If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrows**, you can express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “of everything that hurts me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 9 29 js2a figs-activepassive 0 I will be condemned “I will be accused and punished.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will condemn me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 9 29 w57l figs-rquestion 0 why, then, should I try in vain? Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God’s attention. The implied information about what Job is trying can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “It is of no use to try to get God’s attention.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 9 30 l6jt 0 If I washed myself with snow water Alternate translation: “If I bathed my body in pure, clean water” JOB 9 30 y111 0 snow water the water that comes from melted snow JOB 9 30 b7il 0 snow white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold JOB 9 30 a4jk 0 made my hands ever so clean Some other versions of the Bible translate this with the meaning of “cleaned my hands with very strong soap.” Alternate translation: “made my hands exceedingly clean” JOB 9 31 sz3q 0 plunge me in a ditch Alternate translation: “throw me into a pit” JOB 9 31 vh45 figs-personification 0 my own clothes would be disgusted with me Job’s clothing is spoken of as if it would have a negative response to Job after God plunged him into a ditch. Alternate translation: “I would be too filthy for my own clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 9 32 va67 figs-explicit 0 answer him Job implies that God has charged him of doing wrong, and he wants to respond to those charges. Alternate translation: “answer his charges against me” or “defend myself” or “argue my innocence with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 9 32 yb3i figs-metonymy 0 come together in court “come together to trial.” Here “court” is a place where people can come and a judge will settle disputes. “Coming together in court” is a metonym for going against each other in a court of law. Alternate translation: “confront each other before a judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 33 z743 0 There is no judge between us This means there is no judge who is greater than God who could decide what is right between him and Job. JOB 9 33 es66 figs-idiom 0 lay his hand upon us both Here “lay his hand upon” means having power or authority over. Alternate translation: “take hold of both of us” or “have authority over both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 9 34 hm1t 0 Connecting Statement: These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job. JOB 9 34 cc5r figs-metonymy 0 take God’s rod off me Here “God’s rod” is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. Alternate translation: “stop God from punishing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 9 34 vs1b figs-abstractnouns 0 keep his terror from frightening me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrify.” Alternate translation: “keep him from terrifying and frightening me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 9 35 fa78 0 Then would I speak up Alternate translation: “Then I would speak” JOB 9 35 ug86 0 as things are now Alternate translation: “because this is how things are now” JOB 10 intro ul99 0 # Job 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 10 1 ch7h 0 I am weary of my life Alternate translation: “I am tired of living” JOB 10 1 p5cl figs-abstractnouns 0 I will give free expression to my complaint The abstract nouns “expression” and “complaint” can be translated as the verbs “express” and “complain.” Alternate translation: “I will freely express what I have to complain about” or “I will argue freely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 10 1 zk1f figs-metaphor 0 I will speak in the bitterness of my soul How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “bitterly.” Alternate translation: “My inner being will speak bitterly” or “I will bitterly speak out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 10 3 aaw5 figs-rquestion 0 Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked? This question expects a “no” answer and can be changed into a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should despise the work of your hands, while you smile on the plans of the wicked.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 10 3 vw7h figs-synecdoche 0 the work of your hands Here God is represented by his “hands.” Alternate translation: “what you have created” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 10 3 q8wf figs-idiom 0 smile on the plans of the wicked Here the idiom “smiling on” represents God’s approval. Alternate translation: “approve the plans of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 10 4 d65r figs-parallelism 0 Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees? These two questions have nearly the same meaning. These questions expect a negative answer to emphasize that God does not see or understand things the same way a man does. They can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You do not have eyes of flesh, and you do not see like a man sees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 10 5 e9t6 figs-rquestion 0 Job begins to ask a rhetorical question. He is saying that God lives forever but people live only for a short time, so God should not worry about Job’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 10 5 awt6 figs-parallelism 0 your days like the days of mankind … your years like the years of people These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 10 5 st4n 0 your days Alternate translation: “the number of your days” JOB 10 5 tjp4 0 your years Alternate translation: “the number of your years” JOB 10 6 qf3d 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues the rhetorical question he began in verse 5. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) JOB 10 6 zdk3 0 inquire after my iniquity Alternate translation: “look to see if I have committed iniquity” JOB 10 7 eu61 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Are your days” in verse 5. JOB 10 7 s3k7 figs-rquestion 0 although you know … from your hand? This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Are your days” in verse 5. The whole question can be translated as a statement. “Your days are not like the days of mankind, and your years are not like the years of people, so you should not inquire after my iniquity and search after my sin, because you know I am not guilty and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 10 7 vzd3 figs-synecdoche 0 from your hand Here “your hand” represents God’s power. Alternate translation: “from your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 10 8 tx92 figs-synecdoche 0 Your hands Here “hands” represent God and his creative action. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 10 8 x1dy figs-metaphor 0 Your hands have framed and fashioned me together round about Job is using a metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe how God carefully created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 8 p1ml figs-doublet 0 framed and fashioned me “shaped and formed me.” The words “framed” and “fashioned” are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 10 9 l83b 0 Call to mind Alternate translation: “Remember” JOB 10 9 zg5j 0 bring me into dust again Alternate translation: “turn me back into dust again” JOB 10 10 vpu6 writing-poetry 0 General Information: In these verses, Job uses the language of poetry to describe how God formed him in the womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) JOB 10 10 h664 figs-rquestion 0 Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese? This is a question that expects a positive answer. Alternate translation: “You poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese.” or “You formed me in the womb like poured milk becomes cheese.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 10 10 c2ul 0 you Here “you” refers to God. JOB 10 10 wk3h 0 me Here “me” refers to Job. JOB 10 11 p9pw figs-metaphor 0 You have clothed me with skin and flesh God putting skin and flesh on Job’s body is spoken of as if God was putting clothing on him. Alternate translation: “You have put skin and flesh on my body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 11 mxm1 figs-metaphor 0 knit me together “wove me together.” God putting Job’s body together in the womb is spoken of as if God was knitting or weaving a piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “put me together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 11 hut9 0 sinews the parts of the body that connect muscles to bones or other body parts and are like tough, white bands or cords JOB 10 12 tc2u figs-abstractnouns 0 You have granted me life and covenant faithfulness The abstract nouns “life” and “faithfulness” can be stated as “live” and “faithful.” Alternate translation: “You have been faithful to your covenant and allowed me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 10 12 dt8a 0 your help Alternate translation: “your care” JOB 10 12 h7in figs-synecdoche 0 guarded my spirit Here Job is represented by his “spirit.” Alternate translation: “guarded me” or “watched carefully over me” or “kept me safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 10 14 zj6t 0 you would notice it Alternate translation: “you would watch me” JOB 10 15 l6ww 0 If I have acted wickedly Alternate translation: “If I do evil things” JOB 10 15 vwh2 0 woe to me Alternate translation: “how terrible will it be for me” JOB 10 15 h2sc figs-idiom 0 lift up my head This idiom means to be sure or confident. Alternate translation: “hold my head up” or “be confident” or “be sure about myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 10 15 yg3e 0 I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction Another possible meaning, followed by some versions, is, “I am full of disgrace and am completely full of my own suffering,” where the disgrace is bad but the suffering is even worse. JOB 10 15 amu8 0 I am filled with disgrace Alternate translation: “I am totally ashamed” or “No one respects me anymore” JOB 10 15 fs2u 0 disgrace shame JOB 10 15 bu5t figs-abstractnouns 0 see my affliction If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **affliction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 10 16 z3nm figs-hypo 0 If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion This could mean: (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 10 16 ya75 figs-idiom 0 If my head were lifted up This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JOB 10 16 bss8 figs-simile 0 you would stalk me like a lion Possible meanings of this simile are: (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 10 16 yj7r figs-irony 0 again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JOB 10 17 u754 figs-metaphor 0 You bring new witnesses against me Job’s troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 17 di4r figs-abstractnouns 0 increase your anger against me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “are more and more angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 10 17 zs8c figs-metaphor 0 you attack me with fresh armies God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 18 zk6f figs-metaphor 0 brought me out of the womb Here being brought out of the womb represents being born into this world. Alternate translation: “brought me out of my mother’s womb” or “brought me into this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 18 n2ql figs-metaphor 0 given up my spirit Giving up one’s spirit represents dying. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 18 s56b figs-synecdoche 0 and that no eye had ever seen me Job uses “eye” here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. Alternate translation: “before any person had ever seen me” or “before I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 10 19 bzd2 0 I had never existed Alternate translation: “I had never lived” JOB 10 19 uc37 0 I would have been carried Alternate translation: “My body would have been carried” JOB 10 20 yd2g figs-rquestion 0 Are not my days only a few? Here “my days” represent the length of Job’s life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I only have a few days left to live.” or “My life will soon end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 10 21 f7d8 figs-metaphor 0 the land Here the place where the spirits of dead people go is spoken of as if it was a land. Alternate translation: “the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 10 21 i9h6 figs-doublet 0 of darkness and of the shadow of death The phrase “shadow of death” intensifies the idea of “darkness.” Both phrases describe where the spirits of dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 10 21 zq3v 0 the shadow of death See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md). JOB 10 22 xkq9 figs-simile 0 as dark as midnight The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 10 22 r9u5 figs-litotes 0 without any order This negative phrase can be expressed in positive form. Alternate translation: “full of confusion” or “where all is confused” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 10 22 a8nx figs-simile 0 where the light is like midnight The light of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to midnight. Alternate translation: “where there is no light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 11 intro m1vt 0 # Job 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Zophar’s advice<br><br>Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 1 mbq7 translate-names 0 Zophar the Naamathite See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “Zophar from the region of Naamah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 11 2 cq18 figs-rquestion 0 Should not such a multitude of words be answered? Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job’s words must be challenged. Alternate translation: “We must answer all of these words!” or “Someone should respond to all these words!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 2 ua2s figs-rquestion 0 Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. Alternate translation: “This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!” or “Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 3 kgu1 figs-rquestion 0 Should your boasting make others remain silent? Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. Alternate translation: “Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 3 s3am figs-rquestion 0 When you mock, will no one make you feel ashamed? Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. You may need to make explicit what it is that Job is mocking. Alternate translation: “You have mocked us for what we have said. Now we will make you feel ashamed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 11 4 k2le 0 My beliefs are pure Alternate translation: “My understanding is correct” JOB 11 4 e56u figs-metaphor 0 I am blameless in your eyes The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. This could mean: (1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or (2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 5 ii56 figs-metonymy 0 that God would speak … open his lips against you The words “open his lips” are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar’s desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 11 6 ca7p figs-explicit 0 that he would show … secrets of wisdom What the “secrets of wisdom” are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 11 6 qjk2 figs-metaphor 0 God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. Alternate translation: “God is punishing you less than you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 7 tvp2 figs-parallelism 0 Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly? These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You cannot understand God by searching for him, and you will never completely understand the Almighty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 8 n8yi figs-explicit 0 The matter This refers to understanding God. Alternate translation: “To understand God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 11 8 jhq3 figs-parallelism 0 is as high as heaven … deeper than Sheol The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. Alternate translation: “is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven … is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 11 8 y9sp figs-rquestion 0 what can you do? Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot do anything.” or “you cannot understand him fully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 8 hb95 figs-rquestion 0 what can you know? Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot know God fully.” or “you cannot know all there is to know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 9 i9xz 0 Its measure This could mean: (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom. JOB 11 9 z6cv figs-metaphor 0 is longer than the earth … wider than the sea God’s greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 10 y4fx 0 If he … shuts anyone up Alternate translation: “If God … shuts anyone up in prison” JOB 11 10 d1jn figs-abstractnouns 0 if he calls anyone to judgment If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 11 10 f915 figs-rquestion 0 who can stop him? This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. Alternate translation: “no one can stop him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 11 gdx6 figs-rquestion 0 does he not notice it? This emphasizes that God does notice sin. Alternate translation: “he surely notices it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 11 12 e8e9 figs-abstractnouns 0 But foolish people have no understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 11 12 jlz1 figs-irony 0 they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. Alternate translation: “only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding” or “it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 11 13 k56l figs-metaphor 0 suppose that you had set your heart right The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. Alternate translation: “even if you had corrected your attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 13 mm3c translate-symaction 0 had reached out with your hands toward God This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. Alternate translation: “had made an appeal and prayed to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 11 14 t8z8 figs-metonymy 0 suppose that iniquity were in your hand The hand represents what a person does. Alternate translation: “even if you had done some evil things in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 11 14 nt8d figs-metaphor 0 but that then you put it far away from you Putting sin behind represents stopping sinning. Alternate translation: “but that then you stopped doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 14 u5ya figs-personification 0 did not let unrighteousness live in your tents Unrighteousness living represents people doing unrighteous things. Alternate translation: “and you did not allow the members of your household to do unrighteous things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 11 15 db84 figs-metonymy 0 lift up your face without a sign of shame “Lifting up your face” represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 11 16 x6vt figs-simile 0 you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away Zophar is comparing misery with water that flows downstream and it is gone. Alternate translation: “You would remember it, but the misery will be gone, like waters that have flowed away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 11 17 fqt4 figs-parallelism 0 Your life would … like the morning. Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 11 17 dkt7 figs-metaphor 0 Your life would be brighter than the noonday Brightness represents being prosperous and happy. Alternate translation: “Your life would be prosperous and happy like the noonday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 17 dua9 figs-hypo 0 though there were darkness Darkness represents troubles and sadness. Alternate translation: “Though there were dark troubles and sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 11 17 s8z7 figs-metaphor 0 it would become like the morning The morning represents light, which represents prosperity and happiness. Alternate translation: “it would be prosperous and happy like the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 11 18 iqu3 figs-parallelism 0 You would be secure … take your rest in safety Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 11 18 f1be figs-idiom 0 would take your rest in safety “Take your rest” here is an idiom for “rest.” The phrase “in safety” can be expressed with the word “safely.” Alternate translation: “would rest safely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 11 19 fm2w figs-parallelism 0 Also you would lie down in rest … your favor. Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 11 19 hc18 figs-abstractnouns 0 you would lie down in rest If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rest.” Alternate translation: “you would lie down and rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 11 20 s359 figs-metaphor 0 the eyes of wicked people will fail Their eyes represent their understanding. Alternate translation: “the understanding of the wicked people will fail” or “the wicked people will not be able to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 intro u4jn 0 # Job 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 12 2 dpz4 figs-irony 0 No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. Alternate translation: “Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you” or “You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 12 2 ba96 0 No doubt Alternate translation: “Surely” JOB 12 2 dk3z figs-you 0 you This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 12 2 xl1k 0 you are the people Alternate translation: “you are the important people who know everything” JOB 12 3 kd9k figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, who does not know such things as these? Job used this question to express a truth that should be obvious to his listeners. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly there is no one who does not know such things as these.” or “Certainly everyone knows these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 12 4 qdq1 grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him! The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—even though I am one who called on God and he answered me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) JOB 12 4 f67d grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “Even though I am a just and blameless man, people now laugh at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) JOB 12 5 cg28 figs-abstractnouns 0 In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune The abstract nouns “thought,” “ease,” “contempt,” and “misfortune” can be expressed with other phrases. Alternate translation: “A person who lives an easy life despises a person who suffers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 5 j6ph figs-metaphor 0 brings more misfortune Bringing misfortune represents causing it to happen. Alternate translation: “causes more bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 5 z8za figs-metaphor 0 to those whose foot is slipping The foot slipping represents being in danger or trouble. Alternate translation: “to those who are already in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 6 rn8l figs-metonymy 0 The tents of robbers prosper Their tents prospering represents the robbers prospering in their tents. Alternate translation: “Robbers live in prosperity in their own tents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 6 j8fd figs-metonymy 0 their own hands are their gods Here “their own hands” is a metonym for strength, and “their gods” is a metaphor for their pride. Alternate translation: “they are extremely proud of their own abilities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 7 c1y7 figs-irony 0 But now ask the beasts … the birds … they will tell you Job is saying that the beasts and the birds understand God better than Job’s friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 12 7 t82w figs-you 0 you All occurrences of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 12 7 de2x figs-imperative 0 But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “But if you were to ask the beasts, they would teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 12 7 ee93 figs-imperative 0 ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: if you were to ask the birds of the heavens, they would tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 12 8 g5xs figs-irony 0 speak to the earth … will declare to you Job is saying that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job’s friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 12 8 k4ca figs-imperative 0 Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “Or if you were to speak to the earth, it would teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 12 8 bjf6 figs-ellipsis 0 the fish of the sea will declare to you The command “Ask the fish of the sea” is understood from the previous sentences. It functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “and if you were to ask the fish of the sea, they would declare to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 12 9 hu2y figs-rquestion 0 Which animal among all these does not know … this? This question emphasizes the point that all the animals know that Yahweh has done this. This question can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every animal among all these knows … this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 12 9 tht3 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh has done this Yahweh’s hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has done this by his power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 10 tx1w figs-metonymy 0 In his hand is the life … and the breath of all mankind Yahweh’s hand represents his control or power. Alternate translation: “God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 10 s1sr figs-metonymy 0 the breath of all mankind Here “breath” represents life or the ability to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 11 d5vn figs-rquestion 0 Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food? Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. Alternate translation: “We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 12 12 v4ft figs-abstractnouns 0 With aged men is wisdom “Aged men have wisdom.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with “wise.” The word “men” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “Old people are wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) JOB 12 12 lhn1 figs-abstractnouns 0 in length of days is understanding This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the phrase “understand much.” Alternate translation: “people gain understanding when they live a long time” or “people who live a long time understand much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 13 mmb7 0 General Information: Verse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does. JOB 12 13 tw4v figs-abstractnouns 0 With God are wisdom and might The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “might” can be expressed with the adjectives “wise” and “mighty.” Alternate translation: “God is wise and mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 14 aq2d 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” JOB 12 14 v1pt figs-activepassive 0 it cannot be built again If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can rebuild it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 12 14 c4eb figs-abstractnouns 0 if he imprisons someone, there can be no release If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 15 pl3c figs-metaphor 0 if he withholds the waters, they dry up Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents: (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 15 rel2 figs-metaphor 0 if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning: (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 16 gqf6 figs-abstractnouns 0 With him are strength and wisdom The abstract nouns “strength” and “wisdom” can be expressed with the words “strong” and “wise.” Alternate translation: “God is strong and wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 16 uuh8 0 people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power Being in God’s power represents God ruling over them. Alternate translation: “people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power” or “God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others” JOB 12 17 lk8b figs-metaphor 0 He leads counselors away barefoot Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 17 ux12 figs-abstractnouns 0 in sorrow If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 17 uu39 0 he turns judges into fools Alternate translation: “he makes judges become foolish” JOB 12 18 w5lc figs-metonymy 0 He takes off the chain of authority from kings Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 18 p4c4 figs-metonymy 0 he wraps a cloth about their waists This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. Alternate translation: “he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves” or “he makes them slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 19 mkn4 figs-metaphor 0 He leads priests away barefoot Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 19 wut2 figs-abstractnouns 0 in sorrow If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 12 19 ch3f 0 overthrows mighty people Alternate translation: “defeats powerful people” JOB 12 20 g3na figs-metonymy 0 He removes the speech of those who had been trusted Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. Alternate translation: “He makes those who were trusted unable to speak” or “He silences people whom others trusted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 20 dk1e figs-metonymy 0 takes away the understanding of the elders Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. Alternate translation: “makes the elders unable to understand” or “makes the elders unable to make good decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 20 gm4d 0 the elders This could mean: (1) the older people or (2) the leaders. JOB 12 21 l74e figs-metaphor 0 He pours contempt upon princes Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. Alternate translation: “He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 21 k6sg figs-metaphor 0 unfastens the belt of strong people The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person’s belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. Alternate translation: “makes the strong people weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 22 c31p figs-metaphor 0 He reveals the deep things of darkness Revealing things represents making them known. “Deep things from darkness” represent secrets that people do not know. Alternate translation: “He makes known secrets that people do not know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 22 bqc1 figs-metaphor 0 brings deep shadows into the light Bringing things out into the light represents making them known, and here “shadows” is a metonym for the things that are hidden in the shadows, which in turn are a metaphor for truths that God has hidden from people. Alternate translation: “makes known things that no one can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 23 zzy8 0 He enlarges nations Alternate translation: “He makes nations larger” or “He makes nations have more land” JOB 12 23 dkw2 figs-metonymy 0 he also leads them along as prisoners God leading nations represents God causing enemy nations to lead them. The word “them” represents nations, which here represents the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “he also causes their enemies to lead them along as prisoners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 12 24 n4ta figs-metaphor 0 He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth Taking away their understanding represents causing them to be unable to understand. Alternate translation: “He causes the leaders of the people of the earth to be unable to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 24 w1re figs-metaphor 0 to wander in a wilderness where there is no path Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. Alternate translation: “to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 25 x7t2 figs-metaphor 0 They grope in the dark without light Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. Alternate translation: “They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 12 25 a21u figs-simile 0 he makes them stagger like a drunk man Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. Alternate translation: “he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks” or “they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 13 intro x1ub 0 # Job 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Zophar. It also contains Job’s claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 13 1 i5ce 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. JOB 13 1 i4pc 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” JOB 13 1 d8w1 figs-synecdoche 0 my eye has seen all this Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. Alternate translation: “I have seen all this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 13 1 q1yi figs-synecdoche 0 my ear has heard and understood it Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. Alternate translation: “I have heard and understood it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 13 2 cq6c 0 What you know, the same I also know Alternate translation: “What you know, I also know” or “I know as much as you” JOB 13 3 lcm5 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. JOB 13 3 mx6r 0 I wish to reason with God Job’s friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint. JOB 13 4 f979 figs-metaphor 0 you whitewash the truth with lies Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. Alternate translation: “you hide the truth with lies” or “you lie and ignore the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 4 p89c figs-metaphor 0 you are all physicians of no value Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. Alternate translation: “you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people” or “you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 5 gp7i figs-idiom 0 hold your peace This expression means “be quiet” or “stop talking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 13 5 t33j figs-abstractnouns 0 That would be your wisdom They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 13 6 ezt5 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. JOB 13 6 v78i figs-synecdoche 0 listen to the pleading of my own lips Here “lips” represent the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen to what I myself plead for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 13 7 scy3 figs-rquestion 0 Will you speak unrighteously … deceitfully for him? Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. Alternate translation: “You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 13 7 gc76 0 talk deceitfully Alternate translation: “lie” or “tell lies” JOB 13 8 x6cv figs-rquestion 0 Will you show him partiality? Will you argue the case for God? Showing kindness to God represents helping God or defending God against Job’s complaints. Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for thinking that they can defend God. Alternate translation: “You think that God need you to defend him? You think that you can argue for God like attorneys in court.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 13 9 i61h 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. JOB 13 9 l9wk figs-rquestion 0 Will it be good for you when he searches you out? Here “searches you out” is a metaphor meaning “examines you.” Job uses this question to warn his friends that if God were to examine them, he would say that what they are doing is wrong. Alternate translation: “When God examines you, it will not be good for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 13 9 gk9j figs-rquestion 0 Could you deceive him as you might deceive men? Job uses this question to warn his friends that God knows the truth about them. Alternate translation: “You might be able to deceive men, but you cannot deceive God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 13 10 ecs9 0 reprove you Alternate translation: “rebuke you” JOB 13 10 g5lz 0 if in secret you showed partiality “if you secretly show favor to another.” Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another. JOB 13 11 bx5e 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. JOB 13 11 j11v figs-rquestion 0 Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. This could mean: (1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or (2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 13 11 e6x9 figs-metaphor 0 and the dread of him fall upon you Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. Alternate translation: “and you not be terribly afraid” or “and you not be terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 12 s8ny figs-metaphor 0 Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. Alternate translation: “Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes” or “Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 12 brf8 figs-metaphor 0 your defenses are defenses made of clay Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. Alternate translation: “What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 12 pt19 0 your defenses Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) what they say to defend themselves or (2) what they say to defend God. JOB 13 13 ygn9 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak to his friends. JOB 13 13 i6h6 figs-idiom 0 Hold your peace This is an idiom meaning “Be quiet” or “Stop talking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 13 13 wau3 figs-idiom 0 let me alone This is an idiom that means “stop bothering me” or “stop hindering me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 13 13 vp1h figs-metaphor 0 let come what may on me Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with “let” means that he does not care what might happen to him. Alternate translation: “let whatever may happen to me happen” or “I do not care what may happen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 14 wk5u figs-metonymy 0 I will take my own flesh … in my hands “Flesh” here is a metonym for life. “Teeth” and “hands” are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. Alternate translation: “I am ready to risk my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 13 16 t8zh 0 Connecting Statement: Job finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly. JOB 13 16 e8gk figs-abstractnouns 0 This will be the reason for my deliverance If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deliverance**, you can express the same idea with the verb “deliver.” Alternate translation: “This is the reason that God will deliver me” or “This is why God will save me from my troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 13 17 ppd9 0 God, listen carefully Job begins directing his speech directly to God. JOB 13 17 z88n figs-parallelism 0 listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job’s request for God to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 13 17 g1xr figs-abstractnouns 0 let my declaration come to your ears If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you can express the same idea with the verb “declare.” The ears represent listening. Alternate translation: “listen to my declaration” or “listen to what I declare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 13 18 dj3q 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to God. JOB 13 18 y2bk 0 See now This emphasizes what follows. “Listen now” or “Please pay special attention” JOB 13 18 mb7w figs-metaphor 0 I have set my defense in order Setting his defense in order represents deciding what he will say to defend himself. Alternate translation: “I have thought through how I will defend myself” or “I have decided how I will explain myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 19 u63c figs-rquestion 0 Who is the one who would argue against me in court? Job uses this question to express his belief that since he is right, no one would argue against him. Alternate translation: “I do not believe that anyone would argue against me in court.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 13 19 t9jj 0 If you came to do so Alternate translation: “If you came to argue against me” JOB 13 19 v85m 0 If you “You” here means God himself. JOB 13 19 r79s figs-activepassive 0 if I were proved wrong If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if you were to prove me wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 13 19 b4n5 figs-metaphor 0 give up my life Giving up one’s life is a metaphor for dying. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 20 y87x 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to God. JOB 13 20 yzd3 figs-synecdoche 0 from your face “Face” represents the person. Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 13 21 l5nn figs-metonymy 0 withdraw your oppressive hand An oppressive hand is a metonym for doing things that oppress someone. Withdrawing the hand is a metaphor for stopping doing those things. Alternate translation: “stop oppressing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 21 w19t figs-metonymy 0 do not let your terrors make me afraid The phrase “your terrors” refers to what causes people to be terrified of God. Alternate translation: “do not terrify me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 13 23 adu2 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to God. JOB 13 24 vm5j figs-rquestion 0 Why do you hide … like your enemy? Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 13 24 i7qi figs-metaphor 0 you hide your face from me Hiding one’s face from someone represents refusing to look at him or ignoring him. Alternate translation: “you refuse to look at me” or “you ignore me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 25 xm7f figs-rquestion 0 Will you persecute … pursue dry stubble? Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. “Leaf” and “stubble” are metaphors describing Job’s weakness, insignificance and frailty. Alternate translation: “You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 26 ta4y 0 Connecting Statement: Job finishes presenting his case to God. JOB 13 26 h6dc figs-metaphor 0 For you write down bitter things against me “Bitter things” represents accusations. Alternate translation: “For you write down accusations against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 26 bc79 figs-metaphor 0 you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 26 l6wj figs-abstractnouns 0 the iniquities of my youth If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **youth**, you can express the same idea with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 13 27 l4hh figs-metaphor 0 You also put my feet in the stocks Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 27 lk93 0 the stocks This could mean: (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment. JOB 13 27 v659 figs-metaphor 0 all my paths “Paths” represent the things Job does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 27 x3kd figs-synecdoche 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate translation: “you examine the ground where I have walked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 13 27 l15n figs-metaphor 0 you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. Alternate translation: “it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked” or “you examine everything I do like a person examining someone’s footprints on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 13 28 mlj8 figs-simile 0 like a rotten thing that wastes away Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 13 28 fq5k figs-simile 0 like a garment that moths have eaten Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 14 intro t321 0 # Job 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Resurrection<br><br>The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job’s day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 14 1 d6in figs-gendernotations 0 Man, who is born of woman This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) JOB 14 1 u162 figs-hyperbole 0 lives only a few days This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. Alternate translation: “lives only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 14 1 pfe3 figs-explicit 0 is full of trouble Being “full of trouble” represents experiencing much trouble. Alternate translation: “has many troubles” or “suffers much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 14 2 bgr2 figs-simile 0 He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down Like the life of a flower, a person’s life is short and is easily killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 14 2 w4bb figs-simile 0 he flees like a shadow and does not last A person’s short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 14 3 tkx9 figs-rquestion 0 Do you look at any of these? Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. Alternate translation: “You do not look at any of these.” or “You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 14 3 inl9 0 look at Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to” or “look for faults in” JOB 14 3 fg87 figs-rquestion 0 Do you bring me into judgment with you? Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. Alternate translation: “But you judge me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 14 4 pls1 figs-rquestion 0 Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. Alternate translation: “No one can bring something clean out of something unclean” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 14 5 fm5b figs-activepassive 0 Man’s days are determined This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “You determine a man’s days” or “You decide how long a man lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 14 5 iz79 figs-metonymy 0 The number of his months is with you The number of man’s months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. “You decide how many months he will live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 14 5 jij3 figs-metaphor 0 you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. Alternate translation: “you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 6 w4rx 0 hired man a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards JOB 14 7 l8i1 figs-abstractnouns 0 There can be hope for a tree If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” The hope is explained in verses 7-9. Alternate translation: “We can hope that a tree will live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 14 7 ezr1 0 it might sprout again Alternate translation: “it might start growing again” JOB 14 7 jj4i figs-metaphor 0 so that its tender stalk does not disappear Disappearing represents dying. Alternate translation: “so that its young shoot will not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 8 u25b 0 Though Alternate translation: “Even if” JOB 14 8 cqw2 0 stump the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree JOB 14 9 f92c figs-personification 0 even if it only smells water This describes the dead stump as if it could smell water to represent water being near it. Alternate translation: “even if only a little water is near it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 14 9 dav4 0 it will bud Alternate translation: “it will start growing” JOB 14 9 bx2i figs-personification 0 send out branches like a plant The tree sending out branches represents branches growing on the tree. Alternate translation: “branches will start growing on it like a plant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 14 10 wz2a figs-rquestion 0 then where is he? Job uses this question to emphasize that when a person dies, he is not present. Alternate translation: “no one knows where he is.” or “he is gone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 14 11 jp78 0 Connecting Statement: Job begins to use word pictures to describe how it is that “man dies; he becomes weak” (verse 10). JOB 14 11 dug9 figs-simile 0 As water disappears from a lake … dries up Water that has dried up from a lake or a river cannot return, and once a person dies or grows old, he cannot become young again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 14 12 f32z 0 Connecting Statement: Job finishes comparing growing old and dying with water drying up (verse 11). JOB 14 12 a5nl figs-metaphor 0 so people lie down Lying down represents dying. Alternate translation: “so people die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 12 h4i1 figs-metaphor 0 do not rise again Rising again represents living again. Alternate translation: “do not live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 13 w12i figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that you would hide me This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish that you would hide me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) JOB 14 13 is2h 0 keep me in private Alternate translation: “keep me locked up” or “keep me hidden” JOB 14 13 km9h figs-idiom 0 call me to mind Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. Alternate translation: “think about me” or “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 14 14 u755 figs-rquestion 0 If a man dies, will he live again? The implicit answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “If a man dies, he will not live again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 14 14 a2dm figs-explicit 0 If so What “so” refers to is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “If he would live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 14 14 he34 0 to wait all my weary time there Alternate translation: “to wait all my time there even though I would be weary” JOB 14 14 ws2y figs-abstractnouns 0 until my release should come If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “release.” Alternate translation: “until I should be released” or “until you release me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 14 15 tbe8 0 I would answer Alternate translation: “I would do what you wanted me to do” JOB 14 15 d3u1 figs-abstractnouns 0 You would have a desire for The noun “desire” can be expressed with the verbs “desire” or “want.” Alternate translation: “You would desire” or “You would want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 14 15 j3fp figs-metonymy 0 for the work of your hands Here God’s hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God’s hands. Alternate translation: “for me, whom you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JOB 14 16 k7q4 figs-hendiadys 0 number and care for These two verbs together express a single action. Alternate translation: “attentively care for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) JOB 14 16 q9vm figs-metonymy 0 my footsteps Footsteps represent his life or what he does. Alternate translation: “my life” or “the things I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 14 16 bay1 figs-metaphor 0 you would not keep track of my sin Keeping track of Job’s sin represents thinking about his sin. Alternate translation: “you would not look at my sin” or “you would not think about my sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 17 zvn3 figs-parallelism 0 My transgression would be … you would cover up These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 14 17 cby4 figs-metaphor 0 My transgression would be sealed up in a bag Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 17 qe5i figs-metaphor 0 you would cover up my iniquity Covering up someone’s iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. Alternate translation: “you would hide my iniquity” or “you would ignore my iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 18 hga3 figs-doublet 0 mountains fall and come to nothing “Come to nothing” here is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word “fall” and emphasizes complete destruction. Alternate translation: “mountains completely fall apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 14 18 h2q3 figs-activepassive 0 rocks are moved out of their place This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “rocks tumble down from their place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 14 19 nc2a figs-simile 0 Like this, you destroy the hope of man If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. Alternate translation: “You destroy the hope of man, just like … dust of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 14 19 dj8q figs-metaphor 0 you destroy the hope of man Destroying hope represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. Alternate translation: “You prevent the hope of man from happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 19 usl5 figs-abstractnouns 0 the hope of man If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hopes**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “the things that man hopes for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 14 20 q4my 0 You always defeat him The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people” JOB 14 20 uah1 figs-euphemism 0 he passes away Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 14 20 p3dh 0 you change his face This could mean: (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different. JOB 14 20 lq7f figs-metaphor 0 send him away to die This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 14 21 m7cw figs-metaphor 0 if they are brought low Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: “if they are disgraced” or “if people shame them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 1 v5mb translate-names 0 Eliphaz the Temanite This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 15 2 mw8h figs-rquestion 0 Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 2 hd46 figs-metaphor 0 fill himself with the east wind The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: “fill himself with empty words” or “only have meaningless words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 2 h768 0 the east wind Alternate translation: “hot air” or “the desert wind” JOB 15 3 mka2 figs-rquestion 0 Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 4 kfj8 0 you diminish respect for God This could mean: (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.” JOB 15 4 k1xg 0 diminish make smaller JOB 15 4 fz3c 0 you obstruct devotion to him This could mean: (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.” JOB 15 4 f5pv 0 obstruct block someone’s path JOB 15 4 p5a3 0 devotion to Alternate translation: “meditation on” or “concern for” JOB 15 5 t4nv figs-personification 0 your iniquity teaches your mouth This describes “iniquity” as if it were a teacher and Job’s mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. Alternate translation: “your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student” or “it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 5 el6q figs-synecdoche 0 your mouth This speaks of Job, but refers to his “mouth” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “you to speak” or “you to say what you say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 15 5 tt4g figs-metonymy 0 to have the tongue of a crafty man This refers to the way a crafty man speaks as his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “to speak in the way of a crafty man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 15 5 gfb6 0 crafty man man who harms others by lying to them JOB 15 6 j5yb figs-synecdoche 0 Your own mouth condemns you, not mine This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their “mouths” to place emphasis on what they say. Alternate translation: “You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say” or “You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 15 6 l5gv figs-synecdoche 0 your own lips testify This speaks of Job, but refers to his “lips” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “your own words” or “you testify” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 15 7 rl1y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Each verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 7 dpx3 figs-rquestion 0 Are you the first man that was born? The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not the first man that was born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 7 a7jq figs-rquestion 0 Were you brought into existence before the hills? The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You were not brought into existence before the hills.” or “God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 7 v4jt figs-activepassive 0 Were you brought If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Did God bring you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 15 8 s4d8 figs-rquestion 0 Have you heard the secret knowledge of God? The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not heard the secret knowledge of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 8 z3rg figs-rquestion 0 Do you limit wisdom to yourself? This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot limit wisdom to yourself.” or “You are not the only wise person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 9 afn9 figs-rquestion 0 What do you know that we do not know? The implicit answer here is “nothing.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that you know that we do not know.” or “Everything you know, we also know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 9 dt5n figs-rquestion 0 What do you understand that is not also in us? This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something “inside” them. Alternate translation: “Everything you understand, we also understand.” or “We understand everything that you understand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 10 e1wm figs-metaphor 0 With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. Alternate translation: “We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 11 w8rr 0 Are the consolations of God … gentle toward you? This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you” JOB 15 11 lg22 0 consolations Alternate translation: “comforts” or “sympathies” JOB 15 12 bbd3 figs-metonymy 0 Why does your heart carry you away? Here the “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Why do your emotions take you away?” or “Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 15 12 c87r figs-explicit 0 Why do your eyes flash This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. Alternate translation: “Why do your eyes look angry” or “Why are you angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 15 13 q3sz figs-synecdoche 0 turn your spirit Here the “spirit” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “turn yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 15 13 v2f5 figs-explicit 0 bring out such words from your mouth This describes him speaking. Alternate translation: “so you say harsh things against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 15 14 ha68 figs-parallelism 0 What is man … What is he who is born These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 15 14 n6c7 figs-rquestion 0 What is man that he should be clean? This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “clean.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man, he cannot be completely clean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 14 u6tx figs-metaphor 0 clean A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 14 z1zl figs-rquestion 0 What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous? This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “righteous.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 15 15 iv3b 0 See This word is used here to draw Job’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” JOB 15 15 h358 0 his holy ones Alternate translation: “his angels” JOB 15 15 pd53 figs-metaphor 0 clean Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 15 q77f figs-metaphor 0 in his sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in his judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 16 gt36 figs-doublet 0 abominable and corrupt These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 15 16 we5g figs-metaphor 0 who drinks iniquity like water This describes iniquity as if it were water you can drink. It compares how the evil man desires to commit sin to how readily he desires to drink cool water. Alternate translation: “who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water” or “who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 17 fks4 figs-idiom 0 I will show you This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will explain to you” or “I will make it clear to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 15 17 qvd8 0 I will announce Alternate translation: “I will declare” JOB 15 18 q3uc figs-litotes 0 their ancestors did not hide Eliphaz emphasizes that their ancestors purposefully taught them these things. Alternate translation: “their ancestors taught openly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 15 19 yjj4 figs-activepassive 0 to whom alone the land was given If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom alone God gave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 15 19 psj1 figs-explicit 0 among whom no stranger ever passed This means that no foreigner lived among them, specifically so that they would not be influenced by pagan religions. Alternate translation: “no one from another country came and caused them to think wrongly about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 15 20 q88x 0 twists in pain “suffers a lot of pain.” This is either physical or emotional pain. JOB 15 20 caz3 figs-activepassive 0 the number of years that are laid up If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the years that God has laid up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 15 20 s474 figs-idiom 0 that are laid up This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that are prepared” or “that are set aside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 15 21 fj8p 0 A sound of terrors is in his ears Alternate translation: “He constantly hears sounds that terrify him” JOB 15 22 ep91 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](../15/20.md). JOB 15 22 i3pk figs-idiom 0 return out of darkness Here “darkness” is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. Alternate translation: “escape misfortune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 15 22 lh1i figs-metonymy 0 the sword waits for him Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. This could mean: (1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or (2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 15 23 k4qm figs-synecdoche 0 for bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 15 23 ul3l figs-idiom 0 the day of darkness This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the day of disaster” or “the moment of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 15 23 gu8g figs-idiom 0 is at hand This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “is coming soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 15 24 vur7 figs-doublet 0 Distress and anguish make him afraid; they prevail against him The words “distress” and “anguish” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the emotion. Here these feelings are spoken of as if they were an enemy who is attacking the wicked man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 15 24 e7mb 0 prevail against Alternate translation: “overpower” or “defeat” JOB 15 24 tg34 figs-simile 0 as a king ready for battle This compares how his distress and anguish overpower him to how a king, who is ready for battle, would prevail against him. Alternate translation: “just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 15 25 uuk8 translate-symaction 0 he has reached out with his hand against God “he has shook his fist against God.” This is a sign of aggression. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 15 26 sx7v figs-metaphor 0 runs at God This speaks of the wicked man acting aggressively against God as if he were running towards him to attack him. Alternate translation: “attacks God” or “acts violently against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 26 b87u 0 with a thick shield Alternate translation: “with his strong shield” JOB 15 27 uc39 0 This is true “This” refers to the wicked man running at God from the previous verse. JOB 15 27 db71 figs-irony 0 he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. Alternate translation: “he is weak with a fat face and fat loins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 15 28 ki37 0 which no man inhabits Alternate translation: “which are abandoned” JOB 15 28 r6h8 0 heaps piles of useless things JOB 15 29 r891 figs-litotes 0 He will not be rich; his wealth will not last These two litotes express that he will be the opposite of rich, that he will be poor. Alternate translation: “he will be poor; all his money will disappear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 15 30 jpq7 figs-metonymy 0 out of darkness Darkness here represents death. Alternate translation: “out of the darkness of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 15 30 pm4a figs-metaphor 0 a flame will dry up his stalks Here the flame represents God’s judgment and the drying up of his stalks represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. Alternate translation: “God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 30 a9ha figs-metonymy 0 the breath of God’s mouth Here God’s “breath” represents his judgement. Alternate translation: “God’s breath” or “God’s judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 15 30 rxv1 figs-euphemism 0 he will go away This refers to him dying. Alternate translation: “he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 15 31 lr37 figs-ellipsis 0 for uselessness will be his reward This is implied that this is what will happen if he trusts in useless things. Alternate translation: “for if he trusts in them, uselessness will be his reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 15 32 s26k figs-metaphor 0 his branch will not be green This speaks of the man looking pale and dead as if he were a dried out stalk or tree branch. Alternate translation: “he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 33 nci7 figs-parallelism 0 He will drop his … he will cast off his These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 15 33 beb8 figs-metaphor 0 He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were a grapevine dropping unripe grapes. Alternate translation: “Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 33 g676 figs-metaphor 0 he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were an olive tree dropping its flowers. Alternate translation: “just like an olive tree loses its flowers, so the wicked man will lose his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 34 rr5n 0 the company of godless people Alternate translation: “the group of godless people” JOB 15 34 v3q1 figs-possession 0 fire will consume their tents of bribery The phrase “tents of bribery” means that the wicked people bought these tents with the money they made by bribery. Alternate translation: “the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) JOB 15 35 x22k figs-parallelism 0 They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. This speaks of a person planning to do evil things and doing them as if the person were conceiving and giving birth to these things as a woman conceives and gives birth to a child. Alternate translation: “They plan to cause mischief and do evil things; they are always planning to deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 15 35 u7sb figs-synecdoche 0 their womb conceives Here the “womb” is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate translation: “they conceive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 16 intro j3zc 0 # Job 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s response<br>Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>### Advocate<br><br>Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) JOB 16 2 t7wj 0 you are all miserable comforters Alternate translation: “instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable” JOB 16 3 p7ga figs-rquestion 0 Will useless words ever have an end? Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “How I wish your useless words would end!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 16 3 g4tp figs-rquestion 0 What is wrong with you that you answer like this? Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word “you” is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 16 4 mg21 figs-metaphor 0 I could collect and join words together Job speaks of thinking of useless things to say as if his words were random items that he collected and joined together. Alternate translation: “I could think of things to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 4 bv7s translate-symaction 0 shake my head This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 16 4 x2nq figs-abstractnouns 0 in mockery The word “mockery” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “to mock you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 16 5 dvh6 figs-metonymy 0 I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the quivering of my lips will bring you relief! The words “mouth” and “lips” are metonyms for the words or messages that a person speaks using his mouth and lips. Here Job is speaking sarcastically and means the opposite of what he says. Alternate translation: “My words would surely not be encouraging to you! They would surely not lighten your grief” or “By speaking to you as you spoke to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 16 5 qj4h figs-metonymy 0 with my mouth Here Job’s “mouth” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “with what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 16 5 yyv5 figs-metonymy 0 the quivering of my lips This is a metonym for the words or message that he speaks. Alternate translation: “my comforting words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 16 5 i21i figs-metaphor 0 will bring you relief This speaks of grief as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “will lessen your grief” or “will help you feel less grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 6 vjz7 0 grief Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him “great sorrow and emotional pain.” JOB 16 6 s8sf figs-rquestion 0 how am I helped? Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it does not help me at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 16 7 t7qh 0 But now, God, you Job now turns his complaining to God. JOB 16 7 mrz6 0 made all my family desolate Alternate translation: “destroyed all my family” JOB 16 8 z1f4 figs-explicit 0 You have made me dry up This means that Job’s body has shriveled and become wrinkled. Alternate translation: “You have made my body shrivel up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 16 8 pz4y figs-personification 0 which itself is a witness against me Job describes the shriveling of his body as if it were an accuser against him. Alternate translation: “and people think that shows me to be a sinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 16 8 t163 figs-personification 0 the leanness of my body rises up against me, and it testifies against Job describes the thinness of his body as if it were accuser against him. Alternate translation: “They see how thin my body is, and they think that proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 16 8 wiw6 figs-synecdoche 0 against my face Here Job is referred to by his “face.” Alternate translation: “against me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 16 9 a6fe figs-metaphor 0 God has torn me in his wrath and persecuted me … as he tears me apart This speaks of God causing Job pain as if God were a wild animal and Job were his prey that he was killing. Alternate translation: “Because God is very angry with me, it is as though he were a wild animal that tore my body apart with his teeth because he was my enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 9 crc6 0 my enemy Job refers to God as his “enemy” as he describes how he has caused him great pain. JOB 16 9 c555 figs-idiom 0 fastens his eyes on me This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “glares at me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 16 10 i21w 0 People have gaped with open mouth To “gape” means to stare in amazement with open mouth. JOB 16 11 j7re figs-parallelism 0 hands me over to ungodly people, and throws me into the hands of wicked people These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize Job’s feeling of having been betrayed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 16 11 mm84 figs-idiom 0 hands me over to This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “puts me under the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 16 11 zm7g figs-metonymy 0 throws me into the hands Here a person’s “hands” refer to his “control.” Alternate translation: “delivers me to the control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 16 12 t8kc figs-metaphor 0 and he broke me apart Job speaks of his pain and despair as if he himself were something that was broken into pieces. Alternate translation: “but then it felt as though he broke me apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 12 k9u5 figs-metaphor 0 dashed me to pieces Job speaks of God causing him pain and despair as if he were something that God had taken and smashed into pieces. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has taken me by the neck and smashed me to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 12 nt7z figs-metaphor 0 he has also set me up as his target Job speaks of himself being the focus of God’s attacks as if God has set him up as a target to shoot arrows at. Alternate translation: “it is as though he set me up like a target” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 13 kx4d figs-metaphor 0 His archers surround me all around Job speaks of himself being the focus of God’s attacks as if God has set him up as a target and God had archers surrounding him to attack him. Alternate translation: “It is as though his archers have me surrounded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 13 e7bp figs-metaphor 0 God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground Job speaks of the pain he is feeling by comparing it to God piercing his body with arrows. Here “God” represents the arrows that he shoots. Alternate translation: “It feels like God’s arrows have pierced my kidneys and my liver, spilling my bile on the ground. He does not spare me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 14 lx7f figs-metaphor 0 He smashes through my wall Job speaks of the pain that he feels by comparing himself to a wall that God smashes through. Alternate translation: “I feel like a wall that God smashes through” or “I feel like a wall that God breaks through” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 14 r9md figs-metaphor 0 he runs upon me like a warrior Job describes God as a soldier that attacks him. Alternate translation: “it is like he is a warrior who runs at me to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 15 cnt2 figs-metaphor 0 I have sewn sackcloth on my skin Job speaks of wearing clothing made of sackcloth as if the cloth were attached to his body. People often wore sackcloth to express mourning or great grief. Alternate translation: “Because I am mourning, I have sewn together sackcloth to wear as my clothing” or “I wear clothing that I made from sackcloth, because I am mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 15 hil8 figs-metaphor 0 I have thrust my horn into the ground Job’s “horn” represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. Alternate translation: “I sit here in the dirt, very depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 16 l1id figs-synecdoche 0 on my eyelids is the shadow of death Here Job’s eyes are represented by his “eyelids.” Job speaks of his eyes’ dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. Alternate translation: “there are dark circles around my eyes” or “my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 16 17 cs74 figs-metonymy 0 there is no violence in my hands “Hands” refers to a person’s ability and activity. Alternate translation: “I have not acted violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 16 18 xf2z figs-apostrophe 0 Earth, do not cover up my blood Jobs speaks to the “earth” directly even though it cannot hear him, to add strength to his statement. The earth is personified as purposefully covering up his blood after he dies. Alternate translation: “I wish my blood would not soak into the ground but that it would remain on top of the ground as proof of how I died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 16 18 aj18 figs-metonymy 0 Earth, do not cover up my blood Job speaks of himself dying as if he would be murdered. Here his “blood” is a metonym referring to his death. Alternate translation: “Earth, when I die, do not hide how I died unfairly” or “Let it not be hidden how I died unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 16 18 bg2u figs-personification 0 let my cry have no resting place Job speaks of wanting everyone to know what happened to him as if his “cry” were a person that never stopped testifying to what happened to him and never rested. Alternate translation: “let everyone hear about what has happened to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 16 19 kg4r 0 see Job uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “listen” JOB 16 19 z7js 0 vouches for me Alternate translation: “testifies that I am righteous” JOB 16 19 dhm2 figs-idiom 0 on high This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in heaven” or “in heaven on high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 16 20 b5wz 0 scoff at Alternate translation: “scorn” or “ridicule” JOB 16 20 v43g figs-hyperbole 0 my eye pours out tears Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. Here he exaggerates how he often cries by saying that tears pour from his eyes. Alternate translation: “my eyes are full of tears while I cry out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 16 21 izh8 figs-123person 0 for this man “for me.” Here Job refers to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) JOB 16 21 kk12 figs-simile 0 as a man does with his neighbor! “as a man does for his neighbor.” Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 16 22 z81v figs-explicit 0 I will go to a place Here Job is referring to himself dying. Alternate translation: “I will die and go to a place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 17 intro rs6g 0 # Job 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s grief<br>Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]])<br><br>### Advocate<br><br>Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) JOB 17 1 c8r6 figs-synecdoche 0 My spirit is consumed Job refers to himself by his “spirit” to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. Alternate translation: “I am consumed” or “I have lost all of my strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 1 yjx4 0 my days are over Alternate translation: “my time is over” or “I am going to die soon” JOB 17 1 awv1 figs-personification 0 the grave is ready for me This phrase describes “the grave” as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. Alternate translation: “soon I will be dead and buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 17 2 z26q 0 Surely there are mockers with me Alternate translation: “Those who are around me are mocking me” JOB 17 2 jf81 0 Surely Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that” JOB 17 2 wp1h figs-synecdoche 0 my eye must always see Job refers to himself by his “eyes” to emphasize what he sees. Alternate translation: “I must always see” or “I must always hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 17 2 wr6q figs-abstractnouns 0 their provocation “their insults.” The word “provocation” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “them provoking me” or “them, trying to make me angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 17 3 fwk5 figs-metaphor 0 Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. Alternate translation: “God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison” or “pay for my release from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 3 l8dv figs-rquestion 0 who else is there who will help me? Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one else who will help me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 17 4 fbr7 figs-synecdoche 0 have kept their hearts The word “their” refers to his friends. They are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “have kept them” or “have kept my friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 17 4 y4ne 0 you will not exalt them over me Alternate translation: “you will not allow them to triumph over me” JOB 17 5 yxa4 0 He who Alternate translation: “Anyone who” JOB 17 5 kb8z 0 denounces his friends for a reward Alternate translation: “falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit” or “betrays his friends to receive a reward” JOB 17 5 i5ps figs-synecdoche 0 the eyes of his children will fail The person’s children are referred to here by their “eyes.” This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. Alternate translation: “his children will suffer for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 17 6 kzr9 figs-explicit 0 he has made me a byword of the people This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. Alternate translation: “because of him, people use my name as an insult” or “because of them, people use my name as a byword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 17 6 me7l translate-symaction 0 they spit in my face “people spit in my face.” In this culture spitting on someone was a great insult. If spitting has a different meaning in your culture you can write this differently. Alternate translation: “people insult me greatly, by spitting in my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 17 7 a9ip figs-metonymy 0 My eye is also dim because of sorrow Job speaks of his vision as his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “My vision has become weak because I am so sad” or “I am almost blind because of my sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 17 7 my86 figs-simile 0 all my body parts are as thin as shadows Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is an exaggeration of how thin Job’s body parts are. Alternate translation: “all my body parts are very thin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 17 7 pis4 figs-hyperbole 0 all my body parts This is a generalization used to emphasize that his whole body is thin, but refers specifically to his arms and legs. Alternate translation: “my arms and legs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 17 8 cqh3 0 will be stunned Alternate translation: “will be shocked” or “will be horrified” JOB 17 8 u28k 0 by this Alternate translation: “by what has happened to me” JOB 17 8 g1f9 figs-idiom 0 will stir himself up against This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will be distressed because of” or “will be very angry with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 17 9 r9ay figs-idiom 0 will keep to his way This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will continue to live in a righteous way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 17 9 lqi9 figs-metaphor 0 he who has clean hands This speaks of a person being innocent as having clean hands. Alternate translation: “he who does what is right” or “he who is innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 9 lx6m 0 will grow stronger and stronger This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person’s will and emotions. JOB 17 10 e43i 0 you all Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. JOB 17 10 e7nv figs-explicit 0 come on now Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. Alternate translation: “come on now, argue with me again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 17 11 nba8 figs-idiom 0 My days are past This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “My time is past” or “My life is over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 17 11 f9nn figs-metonymy 0 my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart Here Job’s “heart” represents his inner being. Alternate translation: “my plans will never happen, nor will the things that I have desired most” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 17 12 m4j6 figs-doublet 0 These people, these mockers These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job’s friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 17 12 m8i8 figs-metaphor 0 change the night into day This speaks of the people claiming that night is day as if they actually changed night into day. Alternate translation: “claim it is daytime when it is night” or “say the opposite of what is true, just as night is the opposite of day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 12 fif1 figs-explicit 0 light is near to darkness It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. Alternate translation: “they claim that light is near to darkness” or “they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 17 13 pj8i figs-hypo 0 If the only home … and if I have spread The instances of “if” here have the meaning of “since”; Job is speaking as if all these things were true. “Since the only home … and since I have spread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 17 13 h88c figs-metaphor 0 have spread my couch in the darkness Here Job speaks of being prepared to die as having laid his bed in the darkness. Alternate translation: “have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 13 kx3d 0 have spread my couch Alternate translation: “have made my bed” JOB 17 14 m7hf figs-hypo 0 if I have said The word “if” here has the meaning of “since”; Job is speaking as if this were true. “since I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 17 14 ud6f figs-parallelism 0 I have said to the pit … and to the worm These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 17 14 z4yk 0 the pit Alternate translation: “the grave” JOB 17 14 uwb3 figs-metaphor 0 You are my father Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his father. Alternate translation: “You are as close to me as my father” or “When I am buried, you will be as close to me as a father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 14 nrr3 0 the worm “the maggot.” Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies. JOB 17 14 e6lb figs-metaphor 0 You are my mother or my sister Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with the worms in his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his mother and sisters. Alternate translation: “You are as close to me as my mother or my sister” or “You will be as close to me as a mother or sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 15 zb7d figs-rquestion 0 where then is my hope? The implicit answer is “nowhere,” because he has no hope. This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have no hope.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 17 15 g6bv figs-rquestion 0 As for my hope, who can see any? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that no one expects him to have any hope. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can see any hope for me.” or “No one expects me to have any more hope.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 17 16 h77p figs-rquestion 0 Will hope go down with me … dust? The implicit answer is “no.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hope will not go down with me … dust.” or “I will no longer hope when I go down … dust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 17 16 yx83 figs-metaphor 0 gates of Sheol Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. Alternate translation: “when I go into Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 17 16 ajw5 0 when we “when I and the things that I hope for” or “when I and my hopes.” The word “we” refers to Job and his hope. JOB 17 16 z16e figs-idiom 0 descend to the dust This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die and are buried” or “go to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 18 intro qk5f 0 # Job 18 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Bildad’s advice<br>Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) JOB 18 1 g41k writing-poetry 0 General Information: Bildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 18 1 b2sb 0 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said “Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md). JOB 18 2 b4en figs-rquestion 0 When will you stop your talk? This rhetorical question means that Job has been talking for too long. Alternate translation: “Stop talking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 18 2 jpp1 0 Consider, and Alternate translation: “Be reasonable, and” or “Think about these things, and” JOB 18 3 b16n figs-rquestion 0 Why are we regarded as beasts, stupid in your sight? Bildad uses this rhetorical questions to emphasize to Job that he should not consider his friends as animals who cannot think or speak. It can be written as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “We should not be regarded as beasts, as stupid in your sight.” or “You should not regard us as beasts or think of us as stupid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 3 myx4 figs-exclusive 0 Why are we The word “we” probably refers to Bildad and Job’s other friends and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) JOB 18 3 v7r1 figs-metonymy 0 regarded Regarding, looking, is a metonym here for thinking well or badly of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 18 3 yk9u figs-metaphor 0 in your sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” or “in your thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 3 pdy5 figs-123person 0 your sight The word “your” here is plural. Bildad is using sarcasm to tell Job that Job should not think of himself as a great man. Alternate translation: “your sight, you who wrongly think you are great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 18 4 zm4p figs-explicit 0 You who tear at yourself in your anger Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job’s anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God’s anger as Job has previously claimed. The word “tear” here means to “injure.” Alternate translation: “You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 18 4 ug9i figs-rquestion 0 should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places? This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 18 4 r5lg figs-activepassive 0 should the earth be forsaken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “should everyone leave the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 4 zyh5 figs-activepassive 0 should the rocks be removed out of their places If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “rocks” here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. Alternate translation: “should God remove the rocks from their places” or “should God move mountains around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 5 e2fi figs-metaphor 0 Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. Alternate translation: “What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 5 d868 figs-activepassive 0 will be put out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 6 uj2t figs-metaphor 0 The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out Bildad continues to speak of the wicked person dying. He speaks of the wicked man’s life as if it were the light in his tent. Alternate translation: It will be like the light in his tent has turned to darkness, like the lamp above him has gone out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 7 fxl3 figs-metaphor 0 The steps of his strength will be made short This speaks of the wicked person suddenly experiencing disaster as if he no longer had strength to walk. Alternate translation: “It will be like he no longer has the strength to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 7 bgk5 figs-metaphor 0 his own plans will cast him down “his own advice makes him fall down.” This speaks of the wicked person undergoing disaster as if he fell down. Alternate translation: “his own plans will lead him into disaster” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 8 t3iw figs-metaphor 0 For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall “His own feet will lead him into a net.” Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. Alternate translation: “It will be as though he led himself into a net, as if he walked right into a pitfall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 8 fl11 0 a net cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals. JOB 18 8 wa1n 0 a pitfall a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit JOB 18 9 t6fv figs-metaphor 0 A trap will take him … a snare will These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “It will be as though a trap will take him … a snare will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 9 jr8g 0 A trap People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird. JOB 18 9 dnn6 figs-synecdoche 0 will take him by the heel Here the “heel” refers to the whole foot. Alternate translation: “will take hold of his foot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 18 10 u5yk figs-metaphor 0 A noose is … and a trap for him in the way These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “It will be as though a noose is … and a trap for him in the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 10 q4wx figs-activepassive 0 A noose is hidden for him on the ground If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone has hidden a noose on the ground in order to catch him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 10 xp42 0 A noose a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal’s leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop JOB 18 10 f193 figs-ellipsis 0 a trap for him The understood verbal phrase “is hidden” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “a trap is hidden on the path to catch him” or “someone will hide a trap to catch him in the way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 18 11 e8bw 0 Terrors will make him afraid on every side Alternate translation: “Terrors all around will make him afraid” JOB 18 11 ln1g figs-personification 0 they will chase him at his heels This speaks of the things that terrify the wicked person as if they were enemies who chased him. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the terrors will chase him all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 18 12 v7el figs-metaphor 0 His wealth will turn into hunger This speaks of the wicked man becoming poor and hungry as if his wealth were something that turned into something else. Alternate translation: “Instead of being wealthy, he will become poor and hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 12 zbs5 figs-idiom 0 calamity will be ready at his side The phrase “ready at his side” is an idiom that means that something is continually present. Alternate translation: “he will continually experience disaster” or “he will not be able to avoid calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 18 13 u5is figs-activepassive 0 The parts of his body will be devoured If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, this speaks of a disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “Disease will eat away at his skin” or “Disease will destroy his skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 13 mrr7 figs-metaphor 0 the firstborn of death will devour his parts Here a disease that kills many people is referred to as “the firstborn of death.” This speaks of that disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “a deadly disease will destroy the different parts of his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 14 m1gl figs-activepassive 0 He is torn from the safety of his tent If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Disaster rips him out of his tent, where he is safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 14 r3dq figs-activepassive 0 marched off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it marches him off” or “it forces him to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 14 atl1 figs-explicit 0 the king of terrors This is a reference to “King Death,” a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. Alternate translation: “the one who rules over the dead” or “the king of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 18 15 n4sy 0 People not his own Alternate translation: “People who are not his family” JOB 18 15 fpm9 figs-activepassive 0 after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after they spread sulfur all over his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 16 uul5 figs-metaphor 0 His roots will be dried up … branch be cut off This speaks of the wicked man dying and having no descendants as if he were a tree whose roots dried up and branches withered, producing no fruit. Alternate translation: “He will die and leave no descendants, he will be like a tree whose roots have dried up and whose branches have all withered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 16 u1by figs-activepassive 0 will his branch be cut off If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his branches will wither” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 17 y9j9 figs-parallelism 0 His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 18 17 m6xw figs-metaphor 0 His memory will perish from the earth This speaks of the “memory” of the wicked man as if it were a person who died. Alternate translation: “No one on the earth will remember him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 17 fs6r figs-idiom 0 he will have no name in the street This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no one walking along the street will even remember his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 18 18 k7ju figs-parallelism 0 He will be driven from light into darkness … and be chased out of this world These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 18 18 er2m figs-activepassive 0 He will be driven from light into darkness If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 18 w8ix figs-metonymy 0 from light into darkness The word “light” refers to life, and the word “darkness” refers to death. Alternate translation: “from the light of life to the darkness of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 18 18 pgz1 figs-metaphor 0 be chased out of this world This speaks of God making him leave earth and go where dead people go as if he were chasing him. Alternate translation: “God will make him leave this world” or “God will send him to the place where dead people go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 18 18 dr9v figs-activepassive 0 be chased out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will chase him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 18 19 u2ga figs-parallelism 0 He will have no son … nor any remaining kinfolk where he had stayed Together these two phrases emphasize that he will have no family or descendants left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 18 19 chi9 0 son’s son Alternate translation: “grandson” or “grandchild” JOB 18 19 asp3 0 kinfolk Alternate translation: “relatives” JOB 18 20 wn9y figs-merism 0 Those who live in the west … those who live in the east will be frightened by it The phrases “in the west” and “in the east” are together a merism that refers to all people living everywhere. This is an exaggeration as not everyone on the earth will hear about what happened to a specific wicked person. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the whole world will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” or “Many people who live in the east and in the west will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 18 20 r4pt 0 one day Alternate translation: “someday” JOB 18 21 da3s figs-parallelism 0 the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. Alternate translation: “unrighteous people, those who do not know God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 intro vq57 0 # Job 19 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job’s faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) JOB 19 1 rlm3 writing-poetry 0 General Information: See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] JOB 19 1 u8kd 0 Connecting Statement: Job speaks to his three friends. JOB 19 2 xxa9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words? Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 19 2 r3lw figs-metaphor 0 break me into pieces with words Job uses this image to say that their words make him feel very sad and hopeless. Alternate translation: “torment me with your words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 3 k4th figs-idiom 0 These ten times you have reproached me The phrase “These ten times” refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. Alternate translation: “You have completely reproached me” or “You have reproached me many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 19 3 uy8e 0 you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly Job is rebuking them for this. This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you have treated me so harshly” JOB 19 3 vjt8 0 have treated me harshly Alternate translation: “have despised me” or “have publicly ridiculed me” JOB 19 4 f1ee 0 have erred Alternate translation: “have sinned by accident” or “mistakenly sinned” JOB 19 4 bfn1 figs-explicit 0 my error remains my own concern Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. Alternate translation: “my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me” or “my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 4 fb5f 0 my error Alternate translation: “my sin” or “my mistake” JOB 19 5 z7gm 0 If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me Alternate translation: “If you think you are better than I am” or “Since you act as though you are better than I am” JOB 19 5 ms5y figs-explicit 0 use my humiliation against me How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “claim that my humiliation is proof against me” or “use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 5 tzm1 figs-abstractnouns 0 use my humiliation against me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **humiliation**, you can express the same idea with the verb “humiliate.” Alternate translation: “claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 19 6 gb9h figs-metaphor 0 has caught me in his net Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job’s feeling of helplessness. Alternate translation: “has trapped me” or “has taken control of me” or “has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 7 bp47 0 See, I cry out Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I cry out” JOB 19 7 zyg9 figs-explicit 0 Violence! This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Violence! Help!” or “Help! I am being attacked!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 7 i3lc 0 I call out for help Alternate translation: “I shout for help” or “I cry for help” JOB 19 7 i4w8 figs-abstractnouns 0 but there is no justice If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “but no one protects me from those who do me wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 8 dpr7 figs-metaphor 0 He has walled up … darkness in my path Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 8 ly9g 0 He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass Alternate translation: “God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on” or “He has blocked the way so I cannot keep going” JOB 19 9 wfj7 figs-metaphor 0 He has stripped … the crown from my head Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 9 hjr9 figs-metaphor 0 He has stripped me of my glory Job speaks of his glory as if it were a robe that God has taken away. Alternate translation: “He has taken away my glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 9 rf7s figs-metaphor 0 he has taken the crown from my head The crown refers to Job’s dignity or honor. Alternate translation: “he has taken away my dignity and honor” or “it is as though he has taken my crown off my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 10 tiq1 figs-metaphor 0 He has broken me down on every side Job speaks of God ruining him as if Job were building that God is smashing down. Alternate translation: “He has ruined me in every way” or “He has attacked me in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 10 r4pd figs-metaphor 0 I am gone The metaphor “being gone” represents being completely destroyed. Alternate translation: “I am completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 10 jd8w figs-simile 0 he has pulled up my hope like a tree Job speaks of God causing Job not to have hope as if Job’s hope were a tree that God has pulled with its roots out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he has completely taken away all my hope” or “because of what he has done, I can no longer hope for anything good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 19 10 v64y figs-simile 0 like a tree This simile is also an ellipsis. You may need to supply the omitted words. Alternate translation: “the way a man pulls a tree up by its roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 19 11 p3my figs-metaphor 0 He has also kindled his wrath against me Job speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “God has also lit a fire of anger against me” or “God has also become very angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 11 p3pk 0 he regards me as one of his adversaries Alternate translation: “he thinks of me as an enemy” JOB 19 12 wkz6 figs-metaphor 0 His troops come on together Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God was sending an army to attack it. Alternate translation: “God sends his army to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 12 z3lb figs-metaphor 0 they cast up siege mounds against me Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God’s army was piling up dirt against the city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Alternate translation: “the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 12 fg89 figs-metaphor 0 encamp around my tent Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was in his tent and God’s army was camping around him and preparing to attack him. Alternate translation: “they camp around my tent and prepare to attack me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 13 zk2b figs-metaphor 0 He has put my brothers far from me Being “far from” someone represents being unwilling to relate to him or help him. Alternate translation: “God has caused my brothers to stay away from me” or “God caused my brothers to refuse to help me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 13 iv61 figs-activepassive 0 my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my acquaintances have alienated themselves from me” or “my friends treat me like a stranger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 19 14 m425 0 My kinsfolk have failed me Alternate translation: “My relatives have left me without help” JOB 19 14 m7pr 0 my close friends Alternate translation: “my intimate friends” JOB 19 14 l2e7 0 have forgotten me “have abandoned me” or “have neglected me.” This means that they refuse to treat him according to how he and they had related to each other in the past. It implies that they abandoned him. JOB 19 15 kz75 0 regard me Alternate translation: “consider me” JOB 19 15 y376 figs-metaphor 0 I am an alien in their sight Job describes how people now think of him as an outsider. Here sight represents judgement or evaluation. Alternate translation: “they think of me as a foreigner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 16 x8ak 0 but he gives me no answer “but he does not respond to me” or “but he does not come to me.” The answer is a response to Job’s call. JOB 19 16 hds8 figs-metonymy 0 although I entreat him with my mouth The phrase “my mouth” is a metonym which refers to Job speaking. Alternate translation: “even though I speak to him and plead with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 16 h3pa 0 entreat him Alternate translation: “plead with him” JOB 19 17 dgg7 figs-metonymy 0 My breath is offensive to my wife Here “breath” represents the smell of his breath. If something is offensive to someone, it means that he hates it. Alternate translation: “My wife hates the smell of my breath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 17 ufr3 figs-explicit 0 those who were born from my mother’s womb Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “my own brothers who should love me” or “my brothers and sisters who should love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 18 wi94 0 despise me Alternate translation: “hate me” or “detest me” JOB 19 18 fp7g 0 they speak against me Alternate translation: “they ridicule me” or “they make fun of me” JOB 19 19 uf7f 0 All my familiar friends “All my closest friends” or “All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets.” This refers to his closest friends. JOB 19 19 c1c6 0 abhor me Alternate translation: “think I am disgusting” JOB 19 19 t7hn 0 have turned against me Alternate translation: “have betrayed me” JOB 19 20 lt45 0 My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh “I am just skin and bones” or “My skin sticks to my bones.” Job speaks of his bones, skin, and flesh to describe his appearance. He was extremely thin, and people could easily see the shape of his bones. Some languages have idioms for this. JOB 19 20 ud4z figs-idiom 0 I survive only by the skin of my teeth This idiom means that he is barely surviving, that he almost does not survive. Alternate translation: “I am barely alive” or “I hardly survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 19 21 ux63 0 Have pity upon me Alternate translation: “Have compassion on me” JOB 19 21 tbg5 figs-metonymy 0 for the hand of God has touched me Here “touched me” is a metonym for “hit me.” And, “hand” represents God’s power. Causing Job to suffer is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically hitting him with his hand. Alternate translation: “because God has afflicted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 22 g28h figs-rquestion 0 Why do you pursue me … God does? Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Do not persecute me … God does!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 19 22 c296 figs-rquestion 0 Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh? Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “You have consumed my flesh enough!” or “Stop consuming my flesh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 19 22 y17f figs-metaphor 0 Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh? Job speaks of his friends speaking so cruelly to him as if they were wild beasts eating up another animal. Alternate translation: “Stop violently slandering me.” or “Stop attacking me with your words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 23 r9n7 figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that my words were now written down This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write down my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 19 23 llm4 0 my words Alternate translation: “what I am saying” JOB 19 23 ti7g figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that they were inscribed in a book This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write them in a book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 19 24 a2et figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would use an iron pen and lead to carve them in the rock forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 19 24 gz9c 0 an iron pen “an iron chisel.” This was a tool used for writing. It was made of iron so that people could carve words in rock. JOB 19 24 nd22 0 lead Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer. JOB 19 25 q57z 0 my Redeemer “My Defender.” Here “Redeemer” refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job’s innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice. JOB 19 25 yy3q figs-metonymy 0 at last he will stand on the earth This refers to standing to speak in court. This could mean: (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 26 t5gt 0 after my skin … is destroyed Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died. JOB 19 26 p2pl figs-metonymy 0 in my flesh I will see God His flesh represents his body, and “in my flesh” represents being alive. Alternate translation: “while I live in my body, I will see God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 27 m1wt figs-synecdoche 0 my own eyes—I, and not someone else The synecdoche “my own eyes” represents Job. The phrases “my eyes” and “and not someone else” emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 19 27 c3pc figs-metaphor 0 My heart fails within me People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. Alternate translation: “I am very emotional about it” or “My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 27 k566 figs-explicit 0 My heart fails within me This could mean: (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 19 28 np8p figs-exclamations 0 How we will persecute him! This is an exclamation. This could mean: (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) JOB 19 28 ddd3 figs-metaphor 0 The root of his troubles lies in him The “root” represents the source. Alternate translation: “He is the source of all his troubles” or “He has all these troubles because of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 19 29 tw35 figs-metonymy 0 then be afraid of the sword Possible meanings are that the sword represents: (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 19 29 t8gg figs-abstractnouns 0 because wrath brings the punishment of the sword The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” This could mean: (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 19 29 yy9j 0 brings Alternate translation: “causes” or “results in” JOB 19 29 n1i1 figs-abstractnouns 0 there is a judgment If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God judges people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 20 intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Zophar’s advice<br>Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God’s punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 1 p292 0 General Information: Zophar replies to Job. JOB 20 1 chh1 0 Zophar the Naamathite See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Since this is the second time that Zophar speaks, some translations omit “the Naamathite” here. JOB 20 2 eef1 figs-metaphor 0 My thoughts make me answer quickly The idea of Zophar’s thoughts making him do something represents his strong desire to do something. Alternate translation: “I want very much to answer you quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 2 wy6h figs-abstractnouns 0 because of the worry that is in me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **worry**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “worried.” The reason for the worry can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “because I am very worried about you” or “because I am very worried because of what you said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 20 3 m5c5 figs-abstractnouns 0 I hear a rebuke that dishonors me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “I hear you rebuke me, and what you say dishonors me” or “You insult me by how you rebuke me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 20 3 y21q 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me Here “spirit” probably refers to a thought or idea. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me” JOB 20 3 pk2s figs-personification 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me This “spirit” or thought is spoken of as if it were a person that could answer Zophar. Alternate translation: “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know what I wanted to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 20 3 dt4l figs-explicit 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me The content of the answer can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you” or “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 20 3 dha7 figs-abstractnouns 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me The abstract nouns “spirit” and “understanding” can be expressed with the verbs “think” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “because I understand things, I have thought, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 20 4 um5p 0 Do you not know this fact from ancient times … man on earth Zophar begins a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. JOB 20 5 cr4t 0 Connecting Statement: Zophar finishes the rhetorical question he began in verse 4. JOB 20 5 nhc5 figs-rquestion 0 the triumph … for a moment? Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Surely you know … man on earth; the triumph … for a moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 20 5 ubq8 figs-abstractnouns 0 the triumph of a wicked man is short If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **triumph**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “triumph” or “celebrate.” Alternate translation: “the wicked man triumphs only a short time” or “the wicked person celebrates for only a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 20 5 u62f figs-abstractnouns 0 the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rejoice” or the adjective “happy.” The word “moment” is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. Alternate translation: “a godless man rejoices for only a moment” or “the godless man is happy for only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 20 6 jjd5 figs-abstractnouns 0 Though his height reaches up to the heavens “Though the wicked person’s height reaches up to the heavens.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **height**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “tall.” Alternate translation: “Though he is as tall as the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 20 6 v8z8 figs-metaphor 0 Though his height reaches up to the heavens The wicked man’s height represents either his reputation or his pride. Also, here “reaches up to the heavens” represents being very great. Alternate translation: “Though his reputation is great” or “Though his pride is great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 6 by93 figs-metaphor 0 his head reaches to the clouds “and though his head is as high as the clouds.” This also represents his reputation or pride being great. This means the same as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 20 7 b9xv figs-simile 0 will perish permanently like his own feces Feces mixes in with the ground and disappears. The reference to feces may also imply that the wicked person is worthless. Alternate translation: “will perish permanently like his feces, which completely disappears in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 20 7 x122 figs-simile 0 will perish permanently like his own feces If people are embarrassed about the word feces, translators may refer to something else that disappears completely. Alternate translation: “will disappear permanently like dust that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 20 8 sfs4 0 He will Alternate translation: “The wicked person will” JOB 20 8 rep3 figs-parallelism 0 He will fly away like a dream … he will be chased away like a vision of the night Here “fly away” and “be chased away” represent disappearing. They may also imply being forgotten, since dreams and visions disappear when people forget them. Alternate translation: “He will disappear like a dream … he will be forgotten like a vision of the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 20 8 byk9 figs-activepassive 0 will not be found If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will find him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 20 9 xu8t figs-synecdoche 0 The eye that saw him The eye represents a person. Alternate translation: “Anyone who saw him” or “The people who saw him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 20 9 x7cu figs-metonymy 0 his place The phrase “his place” represents those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 10 v5ee 0 His children Alternate translation: “The wicked person’s children” JOB 20 10 lji7 figs-metonymy 0 his hands will have to give back his wealth Here the word “hands” refers to the wicked man’s children. When he dies, his children will have to return everything that he took from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 11 re6y figs-synecdoche 0 His bones are full of youthful strength The word “bones” represents his body. Being “full of youthful strength” represents being strong like a young person. Alternate translation: “His body is strong like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 11 je7r figs-metonymy 0 but it will lie down with him in the dust The word “it” refers to his youthful strength. The metonym “lie down … in the dust” represents dying. The strength dying is a metaphor for disappearing. Alternate translation: “but his youthful strength will die with him” or “but his youthful strength will disappear when he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 12 w36z figs-metaphor 0 Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth Here “wickedness is sweet” represents a person enjoying doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “Although doing wicked things is pleasurable like tasting sweet food in the mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 12 nj4p figs-metaphor 0 although he hides it under his tongue Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 13 d1n2 0 he holds it there and does not let it go but keeps it still in his mouth Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor) JOB 20 14 n7jw figs-metaphor 0 the food in his intestines turns bitter When food turns bitter in the stomach, it causes pain and a bitter taste. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the painful consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “those wicked things become like food that has turned bitter in the stomach” or “the consequences of those wicked things are painful like food that becomes sour in the stomach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 14 zrn4 figs-metaphor 0 it becomes the poison of asps inside him This image is even worse than sour food in the stomach. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the terrible consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “the consequences of doing those wicked things are painful like the poison of asps inside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 14 lnj1 0 asps poisonous snakes JOB 20 15 hs62 figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches … cast them out of his stomach Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. Alternate translation: “The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 15 r51k figs-metaphor 0 He swallows down riches Here, **swallows down riche** could mean: (1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or (2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 15 t47g figs-metonymy 0 God will cast them out of his stomach Here “cast them out of his stomach” is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 15 iu2m 0 cast throw JOB 20 16 l7yk figs-metaphor 0 He will suck the poison of asps Here “suck the poison of asps” represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. Alternate translation: “Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps” or “He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 16 dg2b 0 asps poisonous snakes JOB 20 16 m2pa figs-metonymy 0 the viper’s tongue will kill him The viper is a poisonous snake. Its tongue represents its poisonous bite. Alternate translation: “the viper’s poisonous bite will kill him” or “the viper will bite him and he will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 16 rf6c figs-metaphor 0 the viper’s tongue will kill him The viper represents the man’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will kill him like a viper’s bite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 17 nb52 figs-metaphor 0 the streams, the torrents of honey and butter “Streams” and “torrents” are metaphors that represent abundance. “Honey” and “butter” are metonyms that represent the good things that God gives people. Alternate translation: “the abundance of good things that God gives his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 18 th8a figs-metaphor 0 the fruit of his labor Normally “the fruit of his labor” simply refers to the results of his labor. In this case it refers to the things the wicked man had stolen. Alternate translation: “the things he had worked to get” or “the things he had stolen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 20 18 w9e5 figs-metaphor 0 will not be able to eat it Here “to eat” the fruit of his labor represents enjoying the things he had stolen. Alternate translation: “will not be able to enjoy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 21 e2vt figs-doublenegatives 0 There is nothing left that he did not devour This can be reworded with only one of the negatives. Alternate translation: “He devoured everything, and there is nothing left” or “There is nothing left because he devoured everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) JOB 20 21 zi35 figs-metaphor 0 There is nothing left that he did not devour Here “devour” represents taking things for himself. Alternate translation: “There is nothing left that he did not take for himself” or “He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 22 k3n2 0 he will fall into trouble Alternate translation: “he will suddenly experience trouble” JOB 20 22 tq3y figs-metonymy 0 the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him Here “hand” represents power, and “hand … will come against him” represents people attacking him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “poor.” Alternate translation: “everyone who is in poverty will attack him” or “everyone who is poor will attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 20 23 d4yy figs-metonymy 0 to fill his stomach Here “fill his stomach” is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 23 kha9 figs-metaphor 0 God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him The “fierceness of his wrath” represents God’s anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. Alternate translation: “God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him” or “God will be angry and punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 23 i6l2 figs-metaphor 0 God will rain it down on him “God will cause it to rain down on him.” Here “rain it down on him” represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. Alternate translation: “God will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 24 x5uw figs-metonymy 0 will flee from the iron weapon The iron weapon represents the person carrying it. Alternate translation: “will flee from the person carrying an iron weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 24 kj9m figs-metonymy 0 a bow of bronze will shoot him The bow represents the person who shoots an arrow with it. Alternate translation: “someone with a bronze bow will shoot him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 25 x7rq 0 liver This is a large and important part of the body. If someone shoots through it with an arrow, the person who is shot will die. JOB 20 25 puf6 figs-metaphor 0 Terrors come over him He will suddenly become very afraid. Alternate translation: “he is terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 26 w5yg figs-metaphor 0 Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures “Complete darkness” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Destruction is reserved for his treasures” or “His treasures will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 26 syj5 figs-metaphor 0 a fire not fanned will devour him Here “devour” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not fanned will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 26 w47r figs-explicit 0 a fire not fanned will devour him The phrase “not fanned” implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him” or “God will cause a fire to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 20 26 qsw9 figs-metaphor 0 it will consume Here “consume” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “the fire will destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 27 v1vg figs-metonymy 0 The heavens … the earth Possible meanings are: (1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or (2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 20 28 pfc3 0 General Information: This concludes Zophar’s speech to Job. JOB 20 28 u2v7 0 vanish disappear JOB 20 28 r6s5 figs-metaphor 0 his goods will flow away on Here “flow away” represents being taken away from him. Alternate translation: “his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood, on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 28 wi73 0 his goods Alternate translation: “his possessions” JOB 20 28 e2e8 figs-metonymy 0 the day of God’s wrath Here “wrath” represents punishment. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you can express the same idea with the verb punish. Alternate translation: “the day when God punishes people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 20 29 d9w5 figs-metaphor 0 This is the wicked man’s portion from God Here “portion from God” represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. Alternate translation: “This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 20 29 a1s8 figs-metaphor 0 the heritage reserved for him by God This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “what God has planned to give to him” or “what God has planned should happen to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 21 intro k6tx 0 # Job 21 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ancestor’s sin<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father’s sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father’s sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 1 l3vp 0 Connecting Statement: Job begins to answer Zophar’s accusations. JOB 21 3 x7gy 0 Put up with me Alternate translation: “Allow me” or “Be patient with me” JOB 21 3 w3a4 figs-irony 0 mock on “you can continue mocking me.” Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 21 4 ztr6 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 4 d6w5 figs-rquestion 0 As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient? Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. Alternate translation: “I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be impatient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 5 lu7q translate-symaction 0 lay your hand upon your mouth “cover your mouth with your hand.” Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a response to being astonished. Alternate translation: “cover your mouth with your hand” or (2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. Alternate translation: “do not say anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 21 6 f8uu 0 trembling seizes my body Alternate translation: “fear causes my body to tremble” or “I shake with fear” JOB 21 7 suz1 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 7 i446 figs-rquestion 0 Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power? Job uses this question to show that his friends are wrong to think evil men always suffer. Alternate translation: “Wicked people indeed continue to live, become old, and become wealthier.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 8 w7je figs-parallelism 0 Their descendants are established with them in their sight … their offspring are established before their eyes This two clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that this is true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 21 8 n4np figs-parallelism 0 in their sight … before their eyes These phrases mean the same thing because “eyes” refers to sight. Wicked people get to watch their descendants grow strong and wealthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 21 9 e8z5 figs-metonymy 0 Their houses Here “houses” refers to the family members that lives in them. Alternate translation: “Their families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 21 9 u9sb figs-metonymy 0 rod of God This refers to God’s punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 21 10 v7y4 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 10 za7c 0 does not lose her calf prematurely Alternate translation: “she does not miscarry” or “her calf is born healthy and strong” JOB 21 11 f9ae figs-simile 0 little ones like a flock Job compares these children to lambs to emphasize that they run, play, and are happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 21 12 w5nf translate-unknown 0 tambourine a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) JOB 21 13 elg8 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking with his friends. JOB 21 13 s7tf 0 their days Alternate translation: “their lifetime” JOB 21 13 bx7u figs-euphemism 0 they go down quietly to Sheol This is a polite way of saying that they die. Alternate translation: “they die peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 21 14 fm9x 0 your ways This refers to how God wants people to behave. JOB 21 15 k5g5 figs-rquestion 0 What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him? The wicked people use these questions to mock God. Alternate translation: “We do not believe that this Almighty God is worthy of our worship. He can do nothing for us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 16 ke4m 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 16 t984 figs-metonymy 0 See, is not their prosperity in their own hands? Here “hands” refers to their power or control. Job uses this question to challenge his friends. Alternate translation: “Look, these wicked people claim that they make themselves prosper!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 17 d4mw figs-rquestion 0 How often is it … their calamity comes upon them? Job uses this question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … their calamity comes upon them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 17 c9nn figs-metaphor 0 the lamp of wicked people is put out Job compares extinguishing the lamp to a person dying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God causes them to die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 21 17 g7cl figs-metaphor 0 the lamp of wicked people Job compares the life of the wicked to a lamp that is burning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 21 17 bmg2 figs-rquestion 0 How often does it happen … in his anger? Job uses this second question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … in his anger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 18 lhr9 figs-rquestion 0 How often is it … the storm carries away? Job uses this third question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … the storm carries away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 18 a6g9 figs-simile 0 they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away The death of the wicked is spoken of as if they were worthless less chaff and stubble that blows away. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 21 19 sac1 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 19 gwj5 0 You say These words are added by most versions in order to make it clear that the Job is quoting his friends in the next statement. JOB 21 19 ev9v figs-metaphor 0 God lays up one’s guilt for his children to pay Guilt is spoken of as something that can be stored for later use. Here “to pay” refers to punishment for sin. Alternate translation: “God keeps a record of a person’s sins, then he punishes the person’s children for his wicked deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 21 19 iyl4 figs-explicit 0 Let him pay it himself,…know his guilt Job now begins to state his own opinion. It may be helpful to state this explicitly using an indirect quotation. “But I say that he should pay it himself,…know his guilt’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 21 20 j2ut figs-synecdoche 0 Let his eyes see Here “eyes” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “Let him see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 21 20 wq4y figs-metaphor 0 let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty Here the wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a drink that a person can taste, and tasting is a metonym for experiencing the drink. Job wants the wicked person to experience God’s punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 21 21 vtu2 figs-rquestion 0 For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off? Job uses this question to show that punishing the evil man’s children is not effective. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For the wicked man does not care what happens to his family after he has died!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 21 21 rky2 figs-euphemism 0 the number of his months is cut off This is a polite way of saying that he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 21 21 m58j 0 the number of his months This refers to the length of his life. JOB 21 22 yte9 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 22 ail2 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high? Job asks this question to emphasize that God knows everything. Alternate translation: “Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 22 x9p8 0 those who are high This could mean: (1) “those who are in heaven” or (2) “powerful people.” JOB 21 23 krv3 figs-explicit 0 One man dies in his full strength Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](../21/25.md). You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “If there are two men, one may die in his full strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 21 24 mli3 figs-parallelism 0 His body is full of milk … the marrow of his bones is moist Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 21 24 sa7q figs-idiom 0 His body is full of milk The word for “milk” may mean “fat.” Either rendering means he is well-fed. Alternate translation: “His body if full of fat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 21 24 uug7 figs-idiom 0 the marrow of his bones is moist This idiom means his body is youthful and healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 21 25 k7cw 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 25 s5ge 0 Another man dies Job contrasts this man to the man who dies in peace in [Job 21:23](../21/23.md). JOB 21 25 m7zq figs-metaphor 0 in bitterness of soul Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” or “after living a sad life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 21 25 xpm3 0 has never experienced anything good This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “has experienced only bad things” JOB 21 26 fc95 figs-euphemism 0 They lie down alike in the dust This is a polite way to say that they died. Alternate translation: “They both die and people bury them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 21 26 tyf2 figs-explicit 0 the worms cover them both Worms are associated with decay of dead bodies. Alternate translation: “the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 21 27 veu9 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 27 jy5r 0 See Job uses this phrase to call attention to the statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Listen” JOB 21 28 n1y2 figs-rquestion 0 Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked man once lived? Job believes his friends will ask these question to scold him. Both questions mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “See, the house of the evil ruler is gone. The tent of the wicked man has disappeared.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 21 29 czd4 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 29 asa9 figs-rquestion 0 Have you never asked traveling people? Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. Alternate translation: “You should listen to those who have traveled to distant places.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 30 q7hn 0 Connecting Statement: Job finishes asking a rhetorical question that begins with the words “Do you not know” in verse 29. JOB 21 30 x25q figs-rquestion 0 the wicked man is kept … from the day of wrath? Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. “Those who have traveled to distant places will tell you … from the day of wrath.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 30 wy2e figs-activepassive 0 the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity … he is led away from the day of wrath If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God keeps the wicked man from the day of calamity … God leads him away from the day of wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 21 31 ri98 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to his friends. JOB 21 31 b6yh figs-rquestion 0 Who will condemn the wicked man’s way to his face? Job uses this question to contradict his friends’ belief that the wicked are always judged. Alternate translation: “No one condemns the wicked man to his face.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 31 wlf1 figs-idiom 0 to his face This means no one will go directly to the wicked person and condemn him personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 21 31 wn61 figs-rquestion 0 Who will repay him for what he has done? Job uses this question to contradict his friends’ belief that the wicked are always judged. Alternate translation: “No one repays him for the bad things that he has done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 21 32 g68a figs-activepassive 0 he will be borne If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will carry him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 21 33 eqt1 figs-synecdoche 0 The clods of the valley will be sweet to him Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. “Clods” refer to the earth that covers the grave. Alternate translation: “He will enjoy being covered with the dirt of the valley” or “He will enjoy being buried in the dirt of the valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 21 33 p9wd figs-hypo 0 all people will follow after him, as there were innumerable people before him Job emphasizes that a large crowd of people will be in the funeral procession of this imaginary wicked man to honor him. Alternate translation: “a huge number of people go to the grave site; some go in front of the procession and some come behind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 21 34 aa8a 0 Connecting Statement: This concludes Job’s speech to his friends. JOB 21 34 j6yy figs-rquestion 0 How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood? Job uses a question to scold his friends. Alternate translation: “You cannot comfort me with nonsense. All of your answers are false.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 intro m13v 0 # Job 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Repentance<br><br>Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 1 cea8 translate-names 0 Eliphaz the Temanite See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 22 2 r9kd figs-parallelism 0 Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him? Both questions mean basically the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person’s actions and wisdom do not benefit God. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be useful to God. A wise man cannot be useful to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 3 h3pe figs-parallelism 0 Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless? Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that Job’s actions do not help God. Alternate translation: “The Almighty does not receive any pleasure if you are righteous. He does not gain anything if you make your ways blameless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 4 g1nn 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 4 s9qh figs-rquestion 0 Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment? Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. Alternate translation: “It is certainly not because you have been devoted to him that God rebukes you and takes you to judgment!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 5 zd3w figs-rquestion 0 Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities? Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. Alternate translation: “As you know, he judges you because your wickedness is great and you keep on sinning!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 6 z1dn 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 6 hip2 0 you have demanded guarantee of a loan This refers to a lender taking something from the borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. JOB 22 6 qq5g 0 you have stripped away clothing from the naked Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking clothes as security from poor people who borrowed from him. JOB 22 7 q9nb figs-synecdoche 0 withheld bread Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “withheld food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 22 8 dj3n figs-parallelism 0 possessed the earth … lived in it Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 22 8 gry9 figs-hyperbole 0 possessed the earth Eliphaz is exaggerating the amount of land that Job owned in order to portray Job as greedy. Alternate translation: “possessed a great amount of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 22 9 ti2j 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 9 u5gg 0 You have sent widows away empty Alternate translation: “You made widows go away with nothing” JOB 22 9 kyr7 0 widows women whose husbands have died JOB 22 9 pdd7 figs-metonymy 0 the arms of the fatherless have been broken Here “arms” refer to power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you even oppressed orphans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 22 10 wdg6 figs-metaphor 0 snares are all around you … sudden fear troubles you These are metaphors for trouble and danger. Alternate translation: “you are always in danger … you become afraid for no reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 22 11 kz5f figs-metaphor 0 There is darkness … an abundance of waters covers you Each of these metaphors means troubles and dangers are all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 22 11 a6pa 0 an abundance of waters Alternate translation: “a flood” JOB 22 12 n1zi 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 12 st8p figs-rquestion 0 Is not God in the heights of heaven? Eliphaz uses this question to say that God sees Job’s sin and will judge him. Alternate translation: “God is in the heights of heaven and sees everything that happens on earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 22 12 rtk3 figs-explicit 0 Look at the height of the stars, how high they are! Eliphaz implies that God is higher than the stars. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Look at how high the stars are. God is even higher than the stars!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 22 13 y6zh figs-rquestion 0 What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness? Eliphaz uses these questions to imply that Job has said these things against God. Alternate translation: “God does not know what happens on earth. He sits in dark clouds and cannot see to judge us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 14 x5ap figs-explicit 0 he walks on the vault of heaven Here “vault” refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. Alternate translation: “he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 22 15 cvp4 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 16 iid8 figs-metaphor 0 those who were snatched away Dying is compared to God snatching them away. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who died” or “those whom God took away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 22 16 lc5k figs-simile 0 those whose foundations have washed away like a river The death of wicked people is compared to buildings that had their foundations washed away by a flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 22 17 q2mt figs-rquestion 0 What can the Almighty do to us? Eliphaz quotes a question wicked people use to mock God. Alternate translation: “The Almighty cannot do anything to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 22 18 nr68 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 18 jh2r 0 Yet he filled Alternate translation: “Yet God filled” JOB 22 18 l57x figs-idiom 0 the plans of wicked people are far from me The idiom “far from me” means Eliphaz rejects them. Alternate translation: “but I will not listen to their wicked plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 22 19 ku9s 0 see their fate Alternate translation: “know what will happen to the wicked” JOB 22 19 q2jl 0 laugh them to scorn Alternate translation: “mock the wicked people” JOB 22 20 j4fq 0 They say Alternate translation: “The righteous say” JOB 22 20 jwg8 figs-activepassive 0 Surely those who rose up against us are cut off Here “those who rose up” refers to the wicked people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Surely God has destroyed the wicked people who harmed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 22 21 z6jk 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 21 aj2c 0 Now Eliphaz uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. JOB 22 22 ll7g figs-metonymy 0 instruction from his mouth Here “from his mouth” represents what God has spoken. Alternate translation: “the instruction that God has spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 22 22 dp7d figs-idiom 0 store up his words God’s words are compared to treasures that Job could keep in a storeroom. Alternate translation: “treasure his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 22 22 y867 figs-metonymy 0 your heart Here “heart” refers to Job’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “your mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 22 23 x1jk 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 23 mz1i figs-metaphor 0 you will be built up Eliphaz compares Job’s restoration to the rebuilding of a house that has fallen. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will heal you and make you prosper again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 22 23 kbt1 figs-metaphor 0 if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents Unrighteousness is pictured as a person who is living in Job’s tent who must be removed. Alternate translation: “if you and everyone in your house stops sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 22 24 u6qk figs-idiom 0 Lay your treasure down in the dust To lay a treasure in the dust is to treat it as unimportant. Alternate translation: “Consider your riches as unimportant as dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 22 24 m1gk figs-idiom 0 the gold of Ophir among the stones of the brooks To put gold in the stream is to treat it as no more valuable than stones. Alternate translation: “the gold of Ophir is as worthless as stones in a stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 22 24 g8dq translate-names 0 Ophir This is the name of a region famous for its gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 22 25 wg73 figs-metaphor 0 the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you This means God will be more valuable to Job than any treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 22 26 wd8v 0 Connecting Statement: Eliphaz continues speaking to Job. JOB 22 26 l352 figs-idiom 0 you will lift up your face to God This means Job will no longer be ashamed but will trust in God. Alternate translation: “you will be able to approach God confidently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 22 28 ldp9 figs-activepassive 0 it will be confirmed for you If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will cause you to succeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 22 28 k1nu figs-metaphor 0 light will shine on your paths God’s blessing is compared to a light on all of Job’s paths. Alternate translation: “it will be like a light shining on the road in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 22 29 yck5 0 Connecting Statement: This concludes Eliphaz’s speech to Job. JOB 22 29 xgw4 figs-idiom 0 the one with lowered eyes Here “lowered eyes” refers to humility. Alternate translation: “the humble person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 22 30 f84n figs-metaphor 0 He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands Job being innocent is spoken of as if his hands were physically clean. The phrase “who will be rescued” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will rescue even the person who is not innocent because you do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 22 30 wrz4 0 He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands Some versions of the Bible read, “He rescues the innocent person; so he will rescue you when your hands are clean” JOB 23 intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br><br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 23 2 fi9s 0 Even today my complaint is bitter Here “Even today” emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job’s situation at all. Alternate translation: “In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter” JOB 23 2 ke1p figs-idiom 0 my complaint is bitter Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. Alternate translation: “my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 23 2 cm2j figs-metonymy 0 my hand … heavy because of my groaning This could mean: (1) “I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning” or (2) “God’s hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning” where “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 23 3 k3e2 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 23 3 pn2b figs-parallelism 0 Oh, that I knew where … Oh, that I might come These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 23 3 rpr9 0 I might find him Alternate translation: “I might find God” JOB 23 4 u14t figs-parallelism 0 lay my case … fill my mouth These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to explain his situation to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 23 4 vtm3 figs-metonymy 0 fill my mouth with arguments Here “fill my mouth” refers to speaking. Alternate translation: “I would speak all of my arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 23 5 jln8 figs-parallelism 0 I would learn the words … would understand These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to hear God’s answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 23 5 s5td 0 the words with which he would answer me Alternate translation: “the answer that he would give me” JOB 23 6 p72s 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 23 6 tw6n 0 Would he Alternate translation: “Would God” JOB 23 7 lx63 0 There This refers to the place where God is. JOB 23 7 aw1l figs-activepassive 0 I would be acquitted forever by my judge If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my judge would acquit me forever” or “God, who is my judge, would say that I am innocent once and for all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 23 8 tfb8 figs-merism 0 Job continues speaking. He begins using a merism to say that he has looked everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) JOB 23 9 ja9l figs-merism 0 north … south This is the end of the merism that begins with the words “eastward … westward” in verse 8. By mentioning these four directions, Job emphasizes that he has looked everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) JOB 23 9 br9j 0 where he hides himself Job speaks of God as if he is a person who hides. JOB 23 10 x7cb 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 23 10 lq4v figs-metaphor 0 he knows the way that I take Job’s actions are spoken of as if he is walking on a path. Alternate translation: “God knows what I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 23 10 v4c5 figs-simile 0 I will come out like gold Job believes that the test will prove that he is as pure as refined gold. Alternate translation: “he will see that I am as pure as gold when anything not pure has been burned away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 23 11 w13v figs-synecdoche 0 My foot has held fast to his steps Here “My foot” refers to Job. Alternate translation: “I have followed the path he has shown me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 23 11 xw5w figs-metaphor 0 I have kept to his way Job’s obedience is spoken of as if he is walking in a path that God showed him. Alternate translation: “I have done what he told me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 23 11 gk1e 0 turned not aside This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “followed it exactly” JOB 23 12 fg26 0 I have not gone back from This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have always obeyed” JOB 23 12 m22y figs-metonymy 0 of his lips This phrase refers to the message that God spoke. Alternate translation: “that he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 23 12 tcz4 figs-synecdoche 0 the words of his mouth Here God is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 23 13 xe4e 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 23 13 l1d5 figs-rquestion 0 But he is one of a kind, who can turn him back? Job uses this question to emphasize that there is no one like God and no one can force him to change. Alternate translation: “But there is no one like him, and nobody can make him change his mind.” or “But he alone is God, and no one can influence him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 23 13 if99 0 What he desires, he does Alternate translation: “He does whatever he wants to do” JOB 23 14 g641 0 he carries out his decree against me Alternate translation: “he is doing to me what he said he would do” JOB 23 14 i8u2 0 there are many like them Alternate translation: “he has many similar plans for me” JOB 23 15 n27i figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Each of these verses has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 23 15 sw44 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 23 16 p6ma figs-parallelism 0 For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 23 16 d4fw figs-idiom 0 made my heart weak A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. Alternate translation: “made me afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 23 17 dng4 figs-explicit 0 I have not been brought to an end by darkness If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent” or (2) “Darkness has not stopped me” or “God has stopped me, not the darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 23 17 qpa8 figs-synecdoche 0 the gloom of my face Here Job refers to himself by his “face.” Alternate translation: “my sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 24 intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Court<br><br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 24 1 mg7h 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 1 thc8 figs-rquestion 0 Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty? Job uses this question to express his frustration that God has not judged evil. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people.” or “The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 24 1 ej3y figs-rquestion 0 Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come? Job uses this question to express his frustration that the righteous have not seen God judge evil. Alternate translation: “It seems that those who obey him never get to see him judge the wicked.” or “God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 24 2 h88w 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 2 pse5 0 boundary markers These are stones or other objects to mark the boundary between the lands owned by different people. JOB 24 2 mn98 0 pastures land with grass for animals to eat JOB 24 3 fml5 0 They drive away Alternate translation: “They steal” JOB 24 3 y9i2 0 those without fathers Alternate translation: “orphans” or “children whose parents have died” JOB 24 3 m884 0 they take the widow’s ox as security Alternate translation: “they take widows’ oxen to guarantee that the widows will pay back the money that they loaned to those widows” JOB 24 3 e6wc 0 widow a woman whose husband has died JOB 24 3 uu5w 0 as security A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. JOB 24 4 lzi7 0 out of their path Alternate translation: “out of their way” or “off the road” JOB 24 4 r5d2 figs-hyperbole 0 poor people of the earth all hide themselves The word “all” is an exaggeration to show that many poor people are afraid of these wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 24 5 d79k 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 5 m813 figs-simile 0 these poor people go out to their work like wild donkeys in the wilderness, looking carefully for food These poor people are spoken of as if they are wild donkeys who do not know where they will find food. Alternate translation: “these poor people go out to search for food as if they were wild donkeys in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 24 5 yaj6 0 wild donkeys Alternate translation: “donkeys that no one owns or cares for” JOB 24 6 j8dx figs-parallelism 0 Poor people reap in the night … they glean grapes These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people are so hungry that they are forced to steal food at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 24 7 u7w8 figs-parallelism 0 They lie naked … they have no covering These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people do not have enough clothing to keep warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 24 8 a2gx 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 8 j5eb 0 They are wet with the showers of the mountains Alternate translation: “They become wet when it rains in the mountains” JOB 24 9 t1ki figs-synecdoche 0 orphans from their mothers’ breast Here “breast” refers to the mother. This implies that these orphans are still very young. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “young orphans out of their mothers’ arms” or “fatherless infants from their mothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 24 9 ahj1 0 orphans This generally refers to children without parents. Here, however, it is used for children who have mothers but do not have fathers. JOB 24 9 ma3c 0 take children as security from poor people Alternate translation: “take poor people’s children to guarantee that the poor people will pay back money that they borrowed from the wicked people” JOB 24 9 yq41 0 as security A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. See how you translated this in [Job 24:3](../24/03.md). JOB 24 10 u922 0 go about Alternate translation: “walk around” JOB 24 10 eps1 figs-doublet 0 naked without clothing The words “without clothing” mean the same thing as “naked.” Alternate translation: “completely naked” or “naked because they have no clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 24 10 qj7x 0 they carry bundles of grain belonging to other people This means their work will provide food for others but not for themselves. JOB 24 11 fp3g 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 11 rks1 0 The poor people make oil they squeezed olives in order to extract olive oil from them JOB 24 11 mr4m figs-synecdoche 0 within the walls of those wicked men Here “walls” refers to the whole house. Alternate translation: “in the houses of those evil men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 24 11 z8b4 figs-explicit 0 they tread the wicked men’s winepresses It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. Alternate translation: “they tread on grapes to make juice for wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 24 11 a1m7 0 they themselves suffer thirst Alternate translation: “they suffer from thirst” or “they are thirsty” JOB 24 13 m581 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 13 dl4e figs-metaphor 0 rebel against the light Here, **light** could mean: (1) visible light or (2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. Alternate translation: “hate the daylight” or “do not want to do things openly” or “rebel against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 24 13 djk4 figs-metaphor 0 they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. Alternate translation: “they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 24 14 u116 figs-doublet 0 poor and needy people The words “poor” and “needy” refer to the same group of people and emphasize that these are people who are unable to help themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 24 14 d2ft figs-simile 0 he is like a thief The murderer kills in secret just like a thief steals without anyone seeing what he does. Alternate translation: “he kills people secretly, just like a thief steals secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 24 15 jp3l 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 15 mza9 figs-synecdoche 0 the eye of the adulterer Here “eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “the adulterer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 24 15 ymp3 0 for the twilight Alternate translation: “for the sunset” JOB 24 15 ewy1 figs-synecdoche 0 No eye will see me Here “eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “No one will see me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 24 16 c35g figs-explicit 0 wicked people dig into houses They dig into the houses in order to steal from them. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “wicked people dig into houses to steal from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 24 16 k9sq 0 they shut themselves up Alternate translation: “they hide inside” JOB 24 17 g55x figs-simile 0 For all of them, thick darkness is like the morning The thick darkness is as comfortable for the wicked as light of the morning is for normal people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 24 17 y5ib 0 the terrors of thick darkness Alternate translation: “the scary things that happen at night” JOB 24 18 ay3v 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 18 f772 figs-simile 0 like foam on the surface of the waters Foam lasts only a short time. This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 24 18 lat6 figs-activepassive 0 their portion of the land is cursed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God curses the part of the land that they own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 24 19 b8g4 figs-simile 0 As drought and heat melt away … those who have sinned Job says that sinners will disappear in Sheol in the same way as snow melts and disappears when it becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 24 19 u6db figs-hendiadys 0 drought and heat These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) JOB 24 20 hnl6 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 20 dg9v figs-synecdoche 0 The womb This refers to the mother. Alternate translation: “The mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 24 20 ja3y figs-idiom 0 the worm will feed sweetly on him This means that he will die and worms will eat his body. Alternate translation: “the worm will enjoy eating his dead body” or “he will die and then his body will be eaten by worms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 24 20 auf1 figs-activepassive 0 he will be remembered no more If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will remember him anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 24 20 k6gl figs-metaphor 0 wickedness will be broken like a tree God’s destruction of the wicked man is describes as if he were cutting down a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will destroy the wicked as if he were a tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 24 21 ys4w figs-metaphor 0 The wicked one devours This metaphor emphasizes how ruthless the wicked man is. Alternate translation: “Just like a wild animal kills its prey, so the wicked person harms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 24 21 m9u5 0 the barren women who have not borne children The people of that day considered that a woman who was barren was cursed by God. Therefore, this represents the most unfortunate women. JOB 24 21 i5m9 0 widow a woman whose husband has died JOB 24 22 xl8g 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking. JOB 24 22 ps1m 0 by his power Alternate translation: “by using his power” or “because he is powerful” JOB 24 22 x59s figs-idiom 0 he rises up and does not strengthen them in life Here “does not strengthen them in life” means God does not keep them alive. Alternate translation: “God rises up and does not give wicked people the strength to live” or “God rises up and causes them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 24 23 qks3 figs-synecdoche 0 but his eyes are on their ways Here “eyes” refers to God. Alternate translation: “but he is always watching what they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 24 24 yq9p 0 Connecting Statement: This concludes Job’s speech. JOB 24 24 b7v1 figs-activepassive 0 they will be brought low If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will bring them low” or “God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 24 24 j5za translate-textvariants 0 they will be gathered up like all the others Some translations are based on a different early text, which says “they wither and fade like weeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) JOB 24 24 ix1v figs-activepassive 0 they will be gathered up like all the others If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. What “the others” refers to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God will gather them up as he gathered up the other wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 24 24 mqt2 figs-simile 0 they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain These wicked people will be cut off in the same way heads of grain are cut off during harvest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 24 25 cfk7 figs-rquestion 0 If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing? Job uses this question to express the certainty of his argument. The implicit answer is: “no one.” Alternate translation: “This is true, and no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 24 25 iy58 0 make my speech worth nothing Alternate translation: “prove what I say is wrong” JOB 25 intro yz1x 0 # Job 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s holiness and man’s sin<br>Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man’s sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 25 1 vb52 0 Bildad the Shuhite See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). JOB 25 2 cz5c figs-abstractnouns 0 Dominion and fear are with him Here “him” refers to God. The abstract nouns “dominion” and “fear” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “God rules over all and people should fear only him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 25 2 t8t1 0 he makes order in his high places of heaven Alternate translation: “he makes peace in the high heaven” JOB 25 3 agz7 figs-rquestion 0 Is there any end to the number of his armies? Bildad uses this question to emphasize how great God is. The implicit answer is “no.” This refers to the armies of God’s angels. Alternate translation: “There is no end to the number of angels in his army.” or “His armies are so big that no one can count them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 25 3 tb5c figs-rquestion 0 Upon whom does his light not shine? Bildad uses this question to emphasize that God gives light to every person. Alternate translation: “There is no one upon whom his light does not shine.” or “God makes his light shine over everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 25 4 gq9p 0 Connecting Statement: Bildad continues speaking. JOB 25 4 w2pf figs-parallelism 0 How then can man … God? How can he who is born … him? These two questions are used together to emphasize that it is impossible for a man to be good enough before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 25 4 v4y8 figs-rquestion 0 How then can man be righteous with God? The implicit reaction is that he cannot. Alternate translation: “A man can never be righteous before God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 25 4 z1j1 figs-rquestion 0 How can he who is born … acceptable to him? The implicit reaction is that he cannot. Alternate translation: “He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 25 4 kx6l figs-idiom 0 he who is born of a woman This idiom includes everyone. Alternate translation: “any person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 25 5 f8pe 0 See The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed” JOB 25 5 un12 figs-abstractnouns 0 the moon has no brightness to him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the moon is not bright enough for God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 25 5 kt4v 0 the stars are not pure in his sight Here “pure” means “perfect.” Alternate translation: “he does not think even the stars are perfect” JOB 25 6 c7kh figs-parallelism 0 How much less man … a son of man, who is a worm These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 25 6 h6x7 figs-metaphor 0 who is a worm Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. Alternate translation: “who is as worthless as a worm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 25 6 l7b7 figs-metonymy 0 a son of man This is another way of referring to a person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 26 intro f665 0 # Job 26 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s power<br>While Bildad describes Yahweh’s power as being so much greater than Job’s, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh’s power. It is not just over Job’s life, but over all of creation.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Sarcasm<br><br>Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1-4](./01.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 26 2 lud4 figs-irony 0 How you have helped one … the arm that has no strength In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word “one” refers to Job. And, the word “arm” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me; but really, you have not helped me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 26 3 s1r5 figs-irony 0 How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. Alternate translation: “You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 26 3 y2kk 0 announced to him sound knowledge Alternate translation: “given him good advice” JOB 26 4 n9vj figs-rquestion 0 With whose help have you spoken these words? Whose spirit was it … you? In these questions Job continues to mock Bildad. They are both rhetorical questions and have basically the same meaning. They are used together to strengthen each other. Alternate translation: “You must have had help speaking these words. Perhaps some spirit helped you speak them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 26 5 c81a figs-nominaladj 0 The dead This refers to dead people. Alternate translation: “Those who are dead” or “The spirits of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) JOB 26 5 xqx7 figs-explicit 0 tremble They tremble because they are afraid of God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tremble in fear” or “tremble in fear of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 26 5 hs8h 0 those who are beneath the waters This refers to the dead people who tremble. JOB 26 5 th6n 0 all who dwell in them This refers to the dead people who dwell in the waters. JOB 26 6 c8rl figs-metaphor 0 Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person. These two phrases have the same meaning. To be “naked” or have “no covering” is to be completely exposed and not able to hide anything. Alternate translation: “It is like sheol is naked before God, for nothing in sheol, the place of destruction, is hidden from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 26 6 v85x 0 destruction This is another name for sheol. Alternate translation: “the place of destruction” JOB 26 7 ts32 figs-metaphor 0 He stretches out the northern skies over the empty space The northern skies represent heaven, the place where God dwells with the beings he created to dwell there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 26 8 q4f6 0 He binds up the waters in his thick clouds The clouds are compared to a large blanket in which God wraps the rainwater. Alternate translation: “He wraps up the water in his thick clouds” JOB 26 8 sxg4 figs-activepassive 0 but the clouds are not torn under them This can be stated actively. The word “them” refers to the waters. Alternate translation: “but the weight of the waters does not tear the clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 26 9 r35v 0 and spreads his clouds on it This phrase tells how he covers the surface of the moon. Alternate translation: “by spreading his clouds in front of it” JOB 26 10 l8k5 0 He has engraved a circular boundary on the surface of the waters This speaks of the horizon, where the earth appears to meet the sky, as if God has marked a boundary on the ocean. JOB 26 11 n3vz figs-personification 0 The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke People thought of heaven or the sky as resting on pillars. Job speaks as though the pillars are humans that shake in fear when God is angry. Alternate translation: “The pillars that hold up heaven shake in fear when God rebukes them” or “The pillars that hold up the sky shake like people who are afraid when God rebukes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 26 12 f7hn 0 he shattered Rahab Alternate translation: “he destroyed Rahab” JOB 26 12 x7ti translate-names 0 Rahab This is the name of a frightening monster that lived in the sea. See how you translated this in [Job 9:13](../09/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 26 13 c72v figs-metaphor 0 By his breath he made the skies clear The noun “breath” can be translated with the verb “breathe” or “blow.” This image represents God causing the wind to blow away the clouds. Alternate translation: “God blew away the clouds so that the skies were clear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 26 13 r5le figs-explicit 0 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent It is implied that God his holding a sword, and here “his hand” represents that sword. Also, “pierced” represents killing. Alternate translation: “With his sword he pierced the fleeing serpent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 26 13 c2jc 0 the fleeing serpent “the serpent as it was trying to escape from him.” This refers to Rahab, the monster in the sea. See [Job 26:12](../26/12.md). JOB 26 14 qb3u figs-metaphor 0 See, these are but the fringes of his ways Here “fringes” represents a small part that we can see of something that is much bigger. Alternate translation: “See, these things that God has done show only a small part of his great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 26 14 k819 figs-exclamations 0 how small a whisper do we hear of him! This is an exclamation that expresses Job’s amazement of all the great things that God does that we do not even know about. Seeing what God does is spoken of as hearing God’s voice. Alternate translation: “it is as if we heard only his quiet whisper!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 26 14 b468 figs-rquestion 0 Who can understand the thunder of his power? The “thunder of his power” represents God’s greatness. Job uses this question to emphasize that God’s power is so great that no one can understand it. Alternate translation: “The thunder displays the greatness of his power which no one can understand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 27 intro mkb5 0 # Job 27 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh’s authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) JOB 27 2 vm9g 0 As surely as God lives This phrase shows that Job is taking an oath. Job compares the certainty that God is alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I swear by God” JOB 27 2 zm2r figs-metaphor 0 has taken away my justice Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. Alternate translation: “has refused to treat me justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 27 2 tp23 figs-metonymy 0 made my life bitter Job’s “life” being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. Alternate translation: “has caused me to become resentful” or “has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 3 m4bm 0 while my life is yet in me This refers to the duration of the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “during the whole time that my life is yet in me” or “as long as my life is yet in me” JOB 27 3 ny28 figs-abstractnouns 0 while my life is yet in me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “alive” or the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “as long as I am still alive” or “while I still live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 27 3 xg5k figs-metonymy 0 the breath from God is in my nostrils “Breath … in my nostrils” represents being able to breathe. “Breath from God” represents God making him able to breathe. Alternate translation: “God enables me to breathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 3 krx8 0 nostrils Alternate translation: “nose” JOB 27 4 xct5 figs-parallelism 0 My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that he will not speak in such ways. The phrases “My lips” and “my tongue” represent Job himself. Alternate translation: “I will not speak wickedness or deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 27 4 vg54 figs-abstractnouns 0 speak wickedness … speak deceit The abstract nouns “wickedness” and “deceit” can be expressed with “wickedly” and “deceitfully.” Alternate translation: “speak wickedly … speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 27 5 tp64 0 I will never admit that you three are right Alternate translation: “I will never agree with you and say that you three are right” JOB 27 5 n6mb figs-you 0 that you three are right The word “you” here is plural. It refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 27 5 uy2n 0 I will never deny my integrity Alternate translation: “I will never say that I am not innocent” or “I will always say that I am innocent” JOB 27 6 rv4l figs-metaphor 0 I hold fast to my righteousness Here “hold fast” is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with “righteous.” Alternate translation: “I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 27 6 ccm5 figs-metaphor 0 will not let it go Here “will not let it go” is a metaphor that represents not stopping saying something. Alternate translation: “will not stop saying that I am righteous” or “will not stop saying so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 27 6 ttu9 figs-metonymy 0 my thoughts will not reproach me Here the phrase “my thoughts” represents Job. Alternate translation: “even in my thoughts, I will not reproach myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 7 x6mp figs-parallelism 0 Let my enemy be … let him who rises up against me be The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job’s strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 27 7 qkh5 figs-explicit 0 Let my enemy be like a wicked man How he wants his enemy to be like a wicked person can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Let my enemy be punished like a wicked man” or “Let God punish my enemy as he punishes wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 27 7 yjq8 figs-explicit 0 let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man How he wants this person to be like an unrighteous man can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “let him who rises up against me be punished like an unrighteous man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 27 7 cin4 figs-metaphor 0 him who rises up against me Here “rises up against me” is a metaphor meaning “opposes me.” The whole phrase refers to Job’s adversary. Alternate translation: “him who opposes me” or “my adversary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 27 8 m193 figs-rquestion 0 For what is the hope of a godless man when … when God takes away his life? Job uses this question to say that such a man has no hope. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “There is no hope for the godless when God … takes away his soul.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 27 8 ucr8 figs-parallelism 0 when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life These two phrases have the same meaning. Alternate translation: “when God cuts him off and takes away his life” or “when God causes him to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 27 8 d94d figs-metaphor 0 cuts him off This is a metaphor meaning “kills him” or “causes him to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 27 8 twt1 figs-metaphor 0 takes away his life This is a metaphor meaning “kills him” or “makes him stop living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 27 9 jh1p figs-rquestion 0 Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him? Job uses this question to say that God will not help that person. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him.” or “When trouble comes upon him and he cries out for help, God will not hear him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 27 9 a8tx figs-metonymy 0 Will God hear his cry Here “hear his cry” represents responding to the godless man’s cry and helping him. Alternate translation: “Will God respond to his cry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 10 kq3b figs-rquestion 0 Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times? Job uses this question to say that the godless man will not do these things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times.” or “He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 27 11 s3uq figs-you 0 I will teach you Each occurrence of “you” in these verses is plural and refers to Job’s three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 27 11 fyx9 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of God God’s “hand” represents his power. Alternate translation: “the power of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 11 re4m figs-abstractnouns 0 I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thoughts**, you can express the same idea with the verb “think.” Alternate translation: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 27 12 pnx9 figs-rquestion 0 why then have you spoken all this nonsense? Job uses this question to rebuke his friends for saying such foolish things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “you should not have spoken so foolishly!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 27 13 g6qh 0 This is the portion of a wicked man with God Alternate translation: “This is what God has planned for the wicked man” JOB 27 13 djh6 figs-metaphor 0 the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty Here “the heritage of the oppressor” is a metaphor representing what will happen to the oppressor. What God will do to him is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that God will give him. Alternate translation: “what the Almighty will do to the oppressor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 27 14 f7mj figs-metonymy 0 it is for the sword Here “the sword” represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 15 mbb8 figs-explicit 0 Those who survive him This refers to the wicked man’s children. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Those who continue to live after their wicked father dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 27 15 dic8 figs-metonymy 0 will be buried by plague Here “be buried” represents dying. Alternate translation: “will die by plague” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 15 p4u3 0 their widows … them The words “their” and “them” refer to “Those who survive him,” that is, the children of the wicked man. JOB 27 16 nm9m figs-simile 0 heaps up silver like the dust Here “heaps up” is a metonym meaning “gathers much.” Job speaks as if the silver were as easy to get as dust. Alternate translation: “gathers large piles of silver” or “gathers silver as easily as he could gather dust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 27 16 bh15 figs-simile 0 heaps up clothing like clay Here “heaps up” is a metonym meaning “gathers much.” Job speaks as if the clothing were as easy to get as clay. Alternate translation: “gathers large piles of clothing” or “gathers clothing as easily as he could gather clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 27 18 l6yf figs-ellipsis 0 He builds his house like a spider After “spider,” the phrase “builds its web” is understood information. It can be made clear. Alternate translation: “He builds his house as a spider builds its web” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 27 18 q8ia figs-simile 0 He builds his house like a spider A spider web is fragile and easily destroyed. Alternate translation: “He builds his house as fragile as a spider builds its web” or “He builds his house as fragile as a spider’s web” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 27 18 inb4 figs-simile 0 like a hut A hut is a temporary house that is also not very strong. Alternate translation: “like a temporary hut” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 27 19 la2p 0 He lies down in bed rich “He is wealthy when he lies down in bed.” This refers to his lying down in bed at night and sleeping. JOB 27 19 i6ex 0 but he will not keep doing so Alternate translation: “but he will not keep lying down in bed rich” or “but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed” JOB 27 19 b9sa figs-metonymy 0 he opens his eyes Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. Alternate translation: “he wakes up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 19 x5lq 0 everything is gone Alternate translation: “all of his riches are gone” or “everything has vanished” JOB 27 20 ul69 0 Terrors overtake him Here “overtake him” represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that **terrors** is a metonym for:: (1) things that cause people to be afraid. Alternate translation: “Terrifying things suddenly happen to him” or (2) fear. Alternate translation: “He suddenly becomes terrified” JOB 27 20 zw56 figs-simile 0 like waters The word “waters” refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. Alternate translation: “like a flood” or “like waters that rise up suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 27 20 l3kn 0 a storm takes him away Alternate translation: “a violent wind blows him away” JOB 27 21 l4at figs-personification 0 it sweeps him out of his place Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. Alternate translation: “the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house” or “the wind easily blows him out of his place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 27 21 i9ce 0 his place Alternate translation: “his home” JOB 27 22 wmn4 figs-personification 0 General Information: In verses 22-23 Job speaks of the wind as if it were a person attacking the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 27 22 xs2l figs-personification 0 It throws itself at him Here the phrase “throws itself at him” represents the wind blowing strong against him like an attacker. Alternate translation: “It blows strong against him like someone attacking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 27 22 fa8c figs-personification 0 he tries to flee out of its hand Here “hand” represents the power or control that the wind has over the wicked man. Alternate translation: “he tries to flee out of its control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 27 23 kvs2 translate-symaction 0 It claps its hands at him Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. Alternate translation: “It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 27 23 r28v translate-symaction 0 hisses him from his place The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place, and the noise is like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. Alternate translation: “it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home” or “it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 28 intro i55c 0 # Job 28 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s wisdom<br><br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh’s wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh’s wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job’s life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh’s wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) JOB 28 1 fb4g 0 mine This is a place where people dig rocks out of the earth. These rocks have metal in them. JOB 28 1 zr9q 0 refine This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities that are in it. JOB 28 2 a9j8 figs-activepassive 0 Iron is taken out of the earth If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People take iron out of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 28 2 b12i figs-activepassive 0 copper is smelted out of the stone If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people smelt copper out of the stone” or “people heat stone to melt copper out of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 28 2 rb24 0 copper an important red-brown colored metal JOB 28 2 uui9 0 smelted This is a process of heating rocks to melt the metal in them in order to get the metal out of the rocks. JOB 28 3 fm47 figs-metonymy 0 A man sets an end to darkness Here “sets an end to darkness” represents shining a light in the darkness. People used a lantern or a torch for light. Alternate translation: “A man carries light into dark places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 28 3 l74r 0 to the farthest limit Alternate translation: “to the farthest parts of the mine” JOB 28 3 sce6 figs-doublet 0 obscurity … thick darkness These two phrases are used together to emphasize that the mine is extremely dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 28 4 kp1m 0 shaft a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People go down into the hole to mine it. JOB 28 4 hz3j figs-personification 0 places that are forgotten by anyone’s foot The foot is spoken of as if it is a person who can remember. Alternate translation: “places where people no longer walk” or “where no one ever walks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 28 4 yed2 figs-explicit 0 He hangs far away from people How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 28 5 r3d3 figs-synecdoche 0 the earth, out of which comes bread Here “bread” represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. Alternate translation: “the earth, where food grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 5 p8vk 0 it is turned up below as if by fire This could mean: (1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make” or (2) “turned” is a metaphor for changed. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire” JOB 28 5 mha5 0 it is turned The word “it” refers to the earth. JOB 28 6 c4dw 0 Its stones … its dust The word “its” refers to the earth. JOB 28 6 lw93 0 sapphires a rare and valuable blue gemstone JOB 28 7 c71r figs-parallelism 0 No bird of prey knows the path to it … nor has the falcon’s eye seen it These clauses express a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “No bird of prey or falcon knows or has ever seen the path that goes to the mine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 28 7 u8np 0 bird of prey a bird that eats other animals JOB 28 7 ft9l 0 falcon This may also be translated “hawk.” Both are birds that hunt and eat other animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture. JOB 28 8 ad94 figs-parallelism 0 The proud animals have not walked such a path … nor has the fierce lion passed there These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 28 8 zce2 0 The proud animals This refers to very strong, wild animals. JOB 28 9 nh4p figs-metonymy 0 lays his hand on the flinty rock This represents breaking up the rock. Alternate translation: “digs into the flinty rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 28 9 d3ss 0 flinty rock Alternate translation: “hard rock” JOB 28 9 ng34 figs-hyperbole 0 he overturns mountains by their roots Digging up the mountains and the ground underneath them is a metaphor from digging out weeds or trees, an exaggeration that represents digging minerals out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he turns the mountains upside down by pulling out their roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 10 h31b figs-synecdoche 0 his eye sees Here “his eye” represents him. Alternate translation: “he sees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 28 11 ar22 figs-metaphor 0 He ties up the streams so they do not run Here “ties up the streams” means damming or blocking the streams. Alternate translation: “He blocks the streams so they do not flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 11 c3wt 0 what is hidden there This refers to things that people normally do not see because they are in the ground or underwater. JOB 28 12 n9fd figs-metaphor 0 General Information: In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 12 k2hz figs-parallelism 0 Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding? These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 28 12 bcr2 figs-metaphor 0 Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 13 drv1 figs-metaphor 0 Man does not know its price This could mean: (1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. Alternate translation: “People do not know what it is worth” or (2) the word translated as “price” means “place.” Alternate translation: “People do not know where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 13 z9ip figs-activepassive 0 neither is it found in the land of the living “and it is not found in the land of the living.” The “land of the living” refers to this world where people live. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one can find wisdom in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 28 14 xi4c figs-personification 0 The deep waters … say, ‘It is not in me’; the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 28 15 h4ty figs-explicit 0 It cannot be gotten for gold If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. Alternate translation: “People cannot pay for wisdom with gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 28 15 nff6 figs-explicit 0 neither can silver be weighed as its price This implies that wisdom is worth much more than silver. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people cannot weigh out enough silver to pay for wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 28 16 hg4i figs-explicit 0 It cannot be valued with … sapphire This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 28 16 t2r7 translate-names 0 Ophir This is the name of a land where there was fine gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 28 16 ui38 0 onyx a valuable black gemstone JOB 28 16 na32 0 sapphire a valuable blue gemstone JOB 28 17 qp37 0 Gold and crystal cannot equal it in worth This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than gold and crystal. JOB 28 17 z7jx 0 crystal a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored JOB 28 17 v4um 0 neither can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold “and it cannot be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.” This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than jewels of fine gold. JOB 28 17 nid2 0 exchanged Alternate translation: “traded” JOB 28 18 hgr1 figs-explicit 0 No mention is worth making of coral or jasper “It is not worth making mention of coral and jasper.” This implies that wisdom is worth so much more than coral and jasper that there is no need for Job to say anything about them. Alternate translation: “I will not bother to mention coral or jasper” or “Coral and jasper are worthless compared to wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 28 18 vgj8 translate-unknown 0 coral This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) JOB 28 18 sqn7 0 jasper … rubies These are valuable gemstones. JOB 28 19 mwy7 0 The topaz of Cush does not equal it This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the finest topaz. JOB 28 19 nxz5 0 topaz This is a valuable gemstone. JOB 28 19 ycn8 0 neither can it be valued in terms of pure gold “and wisdom cannot be valued in terms of pure gold.” This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than pure gold. JOB 28 20 jiu5 figs-rquestion 0 From where, then, comes wisdom? Where is the place of understanding? Job uses these questions to introduce how people get wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “I will tell you where wisdom comes from and where understanding is.” or “I will tell you how to become wise and how to learn to understand things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 28 20 z82u figs-metaphor 0 From where, then, comes wisdom Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a place and comes to people. Its coming represents people becoming wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 20 ghy4 figs-metaphor 0 Where is the place of understanding Understanding is spoken of as if it were in a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 21 bj7x figs-synecdoche 0 Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things This means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No living thing can see wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 28 21 j3u4 figs-activepassive 0 is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens This means that the birds are unable to see wisdom. This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “even the birds that fly in the skies cannot see wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 28 22 y7e5 figs-personification 0 Destruction and Death say Here “Destruction” and “Death” are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 28 23 qlj3 figs-metaphor 0 God understands the way to it; he knows its place Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. Alternate translation: “God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 24 q6zd 0 the very ends of the earth Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” JOB 28 25 l7lk figs-metaphor 0 parceled out the waters by measure This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding: (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 28 26 qy1s 0 a path for the thunder Alternate translation: “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm” JOB 28 28 l4bu figs-abstractnouns 0 See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 28 28 m7dq figs-metaphor 0 to depart from evil is understanding Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 intro eli2 0 # Job 29 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh’s blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job’s argument that continues for the next 3 chapters. JOB 29 2 h8k3 figs-exclamations 0 Oh, that I were as I was in the past months Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that I were as I was in past months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) JOB 29 3 n6gg figs-metaphor 0 when his lamp shined on my head God’s lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. Alternate translation: “when God’s blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 3 z42n figs-metaphor 0 when I walked through darkness by his light Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 4 bk56 figs-metaphor 0 in the ripeness of my days Job speaks of when he was young and strong as if his days were the time when the harvest is ripe. Alternate translation: “when I was young and strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 4 d6y9 figs-abstractnouns 0 when the friendship of God was on my tent If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **friendship**, you can express the same idea with the noun “friend.” The word “tent” represents Job’s home. Alternate translation: “when God was my friend and protected my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 29 6 xbc3 figs-hyperbole 0 when my way was covered with cream “when my path was flowing with cream.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many cows and they produced much more cream than he and his family needed. Alternate translation: “when my cows provided an abundance of cream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 29 6 bt34 figs-hyperbole 0 and the rock poured out for me streams of oil “and the rock poured out streams of oil for me.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many olive vines and great amounts of olive oil. The rock is where his servants pressed the oil out of the olives. Alternate translation: “when my servants pressed out a great amount of olive oil” or “when oil flowed like streams from the pressing rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 7 tvt7 0 city square This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet. JOB 29 8 e835 translate-symaction 0 rose and stood for me This is a symbol of respect. It can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “rose and stood respectfully for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 29 9 c8d6 translate-symaction 0 The princes used to refrain from talking when I came This was a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 29 9 v8ym translate-symaction 0 they would lay their hand on their mouths They did this to show that they would not speak. This was a sign of their respect for Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 29 10 u1bb figs-activepassive 0 The voices of the noblemen were hushed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The noblemen hushed their voices” or “The noblemen stopped speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 29 10 nm6j figs-metonymy 0 their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths This represents them having so much respect for Job that they had nothing to say. Alternate translation: “they felt that they were unable to speak” or “they had nothing to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 29 11 n94l figs-synecdoche 0 after their ears heard me … after their eyes saw me The ears represent those who heard him, and the eyes represent those who saw him. Alternate translation: “after they heard what I told them … after they saw me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 29 11 t3tu 0 they would then give witness to me and approve of me Alternate translation: “they would witness approvingly of me” JOB 29 12 ui1t figs-genericnoun 0 I rescued the one who was poor when he cried out Here “the one who was poor” refers to any poor person. Alternate translation: “I used to rescue poor people who cried out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 29 13 qs27 figs-metaphor 0 The blessing of him who was about to perish came on me Someone’s blessing coming on another represents that person blessing another. Alternate translation: “He who was about to perish would bless me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 13 ii9w figs-genericnoun 0 him who was about to perish This represents anyone who was about to die. Alternate translation: “those who were about to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 29 13 v84a figs-synecdoche 0 I caused the widow’s heart to sing for joy Here “the widow’s heart” represents any widow. Alternate translation: “I caused widows to sing joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 29 14 r9i7 figs-metaphor 0 I put on righteousness, and it clothed me People often spoke of righteousness as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “I did what was righteous, and it was like clothing that I put on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 14 rc4i figs-simile 0 my justice was like a robe and a turban People often spoke of justice as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “I did what was just, and it was like a robe and a turban on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 29 14 qe3s 0 turban a long cloth that men wrap around their heads and wear as a hat JOB 29 15 z9qd figs-metaphor 0 I was eyes to blind people This represents helping blind people. Alternate translation: “I was like eyes for blind people” or “I guided blind people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 15 qwg2 figs-metaphor 0 I was feet to lame people This represents helping blind people. Alternate translation: “I was like feet for lame people” or “I supported lame people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 16 dv24 figs-metaphor 0 I was a father to needy people Here “I was a father” represents providing for people. Alternate translation: “I provided for needy people as a father provides for his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 17 h48z 0 General Information: In verses 18-20 Job tells about the things he used to say before bad things happened to him. JOB 29 17 rxh7 figs-metaphor 0 I broke the jaws of … I plucked the victim Job speaks of unrighteous people who persecute others as if they were wild animals that attack their victims by picking them up between their teeth. Alternate translation: “I made unrighteous people stop persecuting people, like someone who breaks the jaw of a wild animal and rescues its victim from between its teeth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 18 mx7p figs-metaphor 0 I will die in my nest Here “nest” represents Job’s home and family. Job used to speak as if he were a bird that lived in a nest with his baby birds. Alternate translation: “I will die at home with my family” or “I will die in the safety of my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 18 ree7 figs-hyperbole 0 I will multiply my days like the grains of sand There are more grains of sand on the shore than anyone can count. To say that he would live more days than anyone could count is an exaggeration to express that he would live a very long time. Alternate translation: “I will live a very long time” or “I will live many years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 29 19 f52q figs-metaphor 0 My roots … my branches Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 20 r1t1 figs-abstractnouns 0 The honor in me is always fresh If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with the verb “honor.” Here “fresh” represents the honor being constantly given. Alternate translation: “People constantly give me honor” or “People always honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 29 20 bz9x figs-metaphor 0 the bow of my strength is always new in my hand A new bow is very strong. Job’s bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. Alternate translation: “I am always strong like a new bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 22 l3t7 figs-simile 0 my speech dropped like water on them Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people’s bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 29 23 g4bi figs-simile 0 They always waited for me as they waited for rain People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 29 23 dye5 figs-metaphor 0 they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. Alternate translation: “they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 23 wd9h 0 as they would do for the latter rain Alternate translation: “as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain” JOB 29 23 v5kv 0 the latter rain This refers to the large amount of rain that falls just before the dry season. JOB 29 24 vxz9 figs-explicit 0 I smiled on them It can be stated clearly that the purpose of smiling was to encourage them. Alternate translation: “I smiled on them to encourage them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 29 24 b3dw figs-metaphor 0 the light of my face This represents the kindness they saw in Job’s face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 25 nhm5 figs-metaphor 0 I selected their way Here “selected their way” represents deciding what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 29 25 gh9m figs-metonymy 0 sat as their chief Here “sat” represents ruling or leading. Chiefs sat down when they made important decisions. Alternate translation: “led them as their chief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 29 25 azd4 figs-metonymy 0 sat as their chief Job was their chief. Alternate translation: “led them because I was their chief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 29 25 dv86 figs-simile 0 I lived like a king in his army Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 29 25 nmq6 figs-explicit 0 like one who comforts mourners This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. Alternate translation: “I comforted them when they mourned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 30 intro u96h 0 # Job 30 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) JOB 30 1 ghr9 figs-explicit 0 whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. Alternate translation: “whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 30 1 bw8l figs-explicit 0 the dogs of my flock The dogs’ relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the dogs that guarded my flock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 30 2 dkd7 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, the strength of their fathers’ hands, how could it have helped me … perished? Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. Alternate translation: “The strength of their fathers’ hands could not have helped me … perished.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 30 2 n58x figs-metaphor 0 men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 3 b5gi 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers. JOB 30 3 i6mn figs-abstractnouns 0 They were thin from poverty and hunger If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “poor.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hunger**, you can express the same idea with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 30 3 j6n1 figs-metonymy 0 they gnawed at the dry ground This could mean: (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 4 dz4r 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. JOB 30 4 lbt6 0 saltwort … bushes’ leaves … the roots of the broom tree These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better. JOB 30 4 c9mn 0 the roots of the broom tree were their food This could mean: (1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or (2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees. JOB 30 5 k9yz figs-activepassive 0 They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as … a thief The phrase “were driven out” means “were forced to leave.” These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people shouted after them as … a thief and forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 30 5 lwr2 0 shouted after them as one would shout after a thief Alternate translation: “shouted at them as though they were thieves” JOB 30 7 f7j8 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. JOB 30 7 kkv4 figs-simile 0 brayed like donkeys Job speaks of the men crying out in hunger as if they were wild donkeys making a loud noise. Alternate translation: “cried out like wild donkeys because they were hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 7 dmg5 0 they gathered together under the nettles “Nettles” are bushes with sharp thorns. This implies that they did not have a home. JOB 30 8 i8tx figs-metaphor 0 They were the sons of fools Here “were the sons of fools” represents having the characteristics fools. Alternate translation: “They were like fools” or “they were fools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 8 h66q figs-metaphor 0 indeed, sons of nameless people The word “indeed” shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here “sons of nameless people” represents having the characteristics of nameless people. Alternate translation: “indeed, they were nameless people” or “indeed, they were worthless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 8 juk5 figs-metaphor 0 nameless people Here being “nameless” represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. Alternate translation: “worthless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 8 wl4w figs-metonymy 0 They were driven out of the land with whips If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or (2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 8 r31i 0 They were driven out of the land Here “the land” refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness. JOB 30 9 krm8 0 Connecting Statement: Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him. JOB 30 9 v6wt figs-abstractnouns 0 But now I have become the subject of their taunting song If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **song**, you can express the same idea with the verb “sing.” Alternate translation: “But now they sing songs about me to taunt me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 30 9 u5hm figs-metonymy 0 I have become a byword for them Here “byword” is a metonym for the person about whom people make cruel jokes. Alternate translation: “I am now one whom they make cruel jokes about” or “They joke and say cruel things about me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 10 sx1h figs-litotes 0 they do not refrain from spitting in my face This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they even spit in my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 30 11 r95h figs-metaphor 0 God has unstrung the string to my bow A bow that is unstrung is not useful. The phrase “has unstrung the string of my bow” is a metaphor for making Job powerless. Alternate translation: “God has taken away my power to defend myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 11 pll3 0 those who taunt me Alternate translation: “those who mock me” JOB 30 11 sq6d figs-metaphor 0 cast off restraint before my face A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here “restraint” represents refraining from doing something, and “cast off restraint” represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. Alternate translation: “do not refrain from being cruel to me” or “do whatever cruel things they want to do to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 30 12 u9wm figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 12 l5wg 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. JOB 30 12 z8g5 figs-metonymy 0 Upon my right hand rise the rabble “the rabble rise upon my right hand.” This could mean: (1) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his strength. Alternate translation: “Gangs of young people attack my strength” or (2) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his honor. Alternate translation: “Mobs attack my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 12 bxs3 0 they drive me away Alternate translation: “they force me to run away” JOB 30 12 tdu8 figs-metaphor 0 pile up against me their siege mounds Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city’s wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. Alternate translation: “prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 13 sv3y figs-metaphor 0 They destroy my path This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. Alternate translation: “They prevent me from escaping from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 13 x9pd figs-metaphor 0 they push forward disaster for me Here “push forward disaster” represents trying to make disaster happen. Alternate translation: “they try to make disaster happen to me” or “they try to destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 13 ayx7 figs-metaphor 0 men who have no one to hold them back Here “hold them back” represents stopping them from doing something. Alternate translation: “men who have no one to stop them from attacking me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 14 su1s figs-metaphor 0 General Information: Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 14 p4jw 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. JOB 30 14 b1fx figs-simile 0 They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 14 g1ji figs-metaphor 0 they roll themselves in on me This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 15 su3j figs-metaphor 0 Terrors are turned upon me This could mean: (1) Job has become terrified or (2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 15 y58l figs-simile 0 my honor is driven away as if by the wind Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. Alternate translation: “Nobody honors me” or “I am now a person that people do not honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 15 qzd6 figs-simile 0 my prosperity passes away as a cloud Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here “prosperity” may refer to well-being or safety. Alternate translation: “I no longer prosper at all” or “I am no longer safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 16 vq4c figs-metaphor 0 Now my life is pouring out from within me Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. Alternate translation: “Now I am dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 16 yd79 figs-personification 0 many days of suffering have laid hold on me Job speaks of his continuous suffering as if the days of suffering have grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I suffer many days, and the suffering does not end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 30 17 s5h2 figs-metaphor 0 my bones in me are pierced Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. Alternate translation: “my bones ache terribly” or “I have sharp pain in my bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 17 q849 figs-personification 0 the pains that gnaw at me take no rest Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. Alternate translation: “the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop” or “I am in constant pain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 30 18 x296 figs-metonymy 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing Job speaks of God using his force as if God’s force were actually doing something. Here “God’s … force” stands for “God.” Alternate translation: “God has seized my clothing by his great force” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 18 wpi4 figs-metaphor 0 God’s great force has seized my clothing The image of God’s force seizing Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 18 tm94 figs-metaphor 0 it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic The image of God’s force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 19 aa4h figs-metaphor 0 He has thrown me into the mud Job says that God has humiliated him. Alternate translation: “It is as though he has thrown me in the mud” or “He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 19 m43k figs-simile 0 I have become like dust and ashes This represents Job’s feeling of being worthless. Alternate translation: “I have become as worthless as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 30 21 k1ga 0 cruel This word means unkind. JOB 30 21 xk2h figs-metonymy 0 with the strength of your hand you persecute me The word “hand” represents God’s power. Alternate translation: “you persecute me with your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 22 v3bi 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to God. JOB 30 22 zy94 figs-metaphor 0 lift me up to the wind … throw me back and forth in a storm These expressions represent the extreme suffering that God made Job endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 22 h7x7 0 cause it to drive me along Alternate translation: “cause the wind to push me along” JOB 30 23 py4p figs-metaphor 0 you will bring me to death Here “bring me to death” represents causing Job to die. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 23 a3ym figs-metaphor 0 the house appointed for all the living Job speaks of the world of the dead as if it were a house to which God has appointed all living things to go. Alternate translation: “the world of the dead, to which everything that has ever lived goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 23 nf6m 0 all the living That is, all things now alive, but that will die one day. JOB 30 24 ly2e 0 Connecting Statement: Job continues speaking to God. JOB 30 24 s7pp figs-rquestion 0 does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? Job uses these questions to justify himself for crying out to God for help. Alternate translation: “Everyone reaches out with his hand to beg for help when he falls. Everyone who is in trouble calls out for help.” or “I have fallen, and so God should not think I am doing wrong when I beg for his help. I am in trouble, so of course I call out for help!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 30 24 giv9 figs-rquestion 0 does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? Some versions interpret these questions as Job complaining that God has reached out with his hand to harm Job when Job was in trouble and crying out for help. Alternate translation: “Surely no one would reach out with his hand against someone who falls and calls out for help.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 30 25 k5gw figs-rquestion 0 Did not I weep … trouble? Did I not grieve … man? Job uses these questions to remind God of how Job had done good to others. A: “You know that I wept … trouble, and I grieved … man!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 30 26 dxl4 figs-metaphor 0 When I hoped for good, then evil came Looking for good represents hoping for good things, and evil coming represents evil things happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 26 n1jn figs-metaphor 0 I waited for light … darkness came Here “light” represents God’s blessing and favor and “darkness” represents trouble and suffering. Alternate translation: “I waited for the light of God’s blessing, but instead I experienced the darkness of suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 27 r36u figs-personification 0 My heart is troubled and does not rest Job speaks of his heart as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “I am troubled in my heart and the feeling does not end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 30 27 u2gl figs-metaphor 0 days of affliction have come on me Days of affliction coming on Job represents Job experiencing affliction for many days. Alternate translation: “I experience affliction many days” or “I suffer every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 28 i5gu figs-metaphor 0 I have gone about Here “have gone about” represents living. Alternate translation: “I have lived” or “I live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 28 fj2n figs-metaphor 0 like one who was living in the dark, but not because of the sun Here “living in the dark” is a metaphor that represents being extremely sad. The phrase “but not because of the sun” clarifies that “living in the dark” is a metaphor, that is, the darkness is not caused by the sun being hidden. Alternate translation: “like one who is terribly sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 29 f66b figs-metaphor 0 a brother to jackals, a companion of ostriches Being a brother to these animals is a metaphor for being like them. Alternate translation: “I am like jackals and ostriches that cry out in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 30 30 udu9 figs-synecdoche 0 my bones are burned with heat Here “bones” refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 30 31 qj9s figs-metonymy 0 my harp is tuned for songs of mourning Here “my harp” represents Job himself, and also represents his desire to sing only songs of mourning. Alternate translation: “I play only songs of mourning on my harp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 31 v1kr figs-metonymy 0 my flute for the singing of those who wail Here “my flute” represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. Alternate translation: “I play only songs of wailing on my flute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 30 31 d2w2 0 wail To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain. JOB 31 intro leq9 0 # Job 31 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.<br><br>In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) JOB 31 1 ka6e figs-metaphor 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. Alternate translation: “I have made a firm promise about what I will look at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 31 1 af9x figs-explicit 0 I have made a covenant with my eyes What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” or “I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 31 1 sxi9 figs-rquestion 0 how then should I look with desire on a virgin? Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. Alternate translation: “So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 2 p7x8 figs-metaphor 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Job speaks of God’s response to people’s behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. Alternate translation: “For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 31 2 ygr6 figs-rquestion 0 For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize: (1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or (2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 4 vf6m figs-metaphor 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Here “my ways” and “my steps” are metaphors for Job’s behavior. Here “see my ways” and “count all my steps” are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. Alternate translation: “Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 4 n2eh figs-explicit 0 Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 31 5 zdh8 figs-hypo 0 If I have In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 31 5 a5st figs-metaphor 0 walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit Here “walked” and “hurried” are metaphors that represent how Job lived. Alternate translation: “done anything false or purposely deceived anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 6 ndj9 figs-metaphor 0 let me be weighed in an even balance People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. This image represents judging honestly. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let me be judged honestly” or “let God judge me honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 7 fm8c figs-metaphor 0 If my step has turned aside from the way Here “my step” is a metaphor for Job’s behavior, and “turned out of the right way” is a metaphor for changing from living right. Alternate translation: “If I have changed from living right” or “If I have stopped doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 7 r29i figs-metonymy 0 if my heart has gone after my eyes Here “my heart” and “my eyes” are metonyms for what Job desires and sees. The heart going after the eyes is a metaphor for desiring to do what he sees. It is implied that this refers to sinful things that Job sees. Alternate translation: “if I have wanted to do any sinful things that I see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 7 tvw5 figs-metaphor 0 if any spot has stuck to my hands This is a metaphor for being guilty. Alternate translation: “if I am guilty of any sin at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 8 b7e8 0 then let me sow, and let another eat, and let my crops be uprooted Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it. JOB 31 8 xs19 figs-activepassive 0 let my crops be uprooted If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let someone else come and take the harvest from my field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 9 p1yn figs-synecdoche 0 If my heart has been deceived by a woman Here “my heart” represents Job. Here the word “deceived” expresses the idea of “enticed.” The word “woman” expresses the idea of “another man’s wife.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If another man’s wife has enticed me” or “If I have desired another man’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 9 rs8z figs-explicit 0 if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor’s door. Alternate translation: “if I have waited at my neighbor’s door so I could sleep with his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 31 10 ngk5 figs-euphemism 0 then let my wife grind grain for another This could mean: (1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or (2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 31 11 ds7e 0 For that would be a terrible crime The word “that” refers to Job sleeping with another woman. JOB 31 11 h8zi figs-activepassive 0 it would be a crime to be punished by judges If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 12 r4vn figs-metaphor 0 For that is a fire that consumes as far as Abaddon, and it would burn all my harvest to the root Job speaks of the harm that sleeping with another woman causes as if it were a fire that destroys everything. The words “that” and “it” refer to sleeping with another man’s wife. Alternate translation: “For adultery is like a fire that burns up everything from here to Abaddon and that would burn up all my harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 12 i923 figs-metaphor 0 consumes as far as Abaddon These words are probably a metaphor for “destroys everything so I have nothing good for the rest of my life,” but you should probably translate this literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 12 bn97 figs-metonymy 0 it would burn all my harvest to the root The word “it” here refers to the action sleeping with another man’s wife. This action is a metonym for the punishment that Job would suffer as a result of the action. A fire burning up his harvest is a synecdoche for losing everything he has worked for. Alternate translation: “those who punish me would take away everything I have worked for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 31 14 s3xg figs-rquestion 0 what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him? Job uses these questions to emphasize that if God were to judge him, Job would not be able to make himself appear to be good. Alternate translation: “then there would be absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 15 jl2j figs-rquestion 0 Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb? Job uses these questions to emphasize that he is no different from his servants. He implies that God would be angry if Job were to treat his servants as less valuable than himself. Alternate translation: “The one who made me in the womb also made them. He formed us all in the womb.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 16 yzr5 0 If I have withheld poor people from their desire Alternate translation: “If I have kept poor people from getting what they desire” JOB 31 16 e9r8 figs-idiom 0 if I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying Here “to grow dim” refers to the widow having bad eyesight from crying a lot. Alternate translation: “if I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 31 17 gs2b 0 my morsel Alternate translation: “my food” JOB 31 18 xz2i figs-genericnoun 0 because from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father Here “the orphan” represents orphans in general. Job is describing how he truly treated orphans. Alternate translation: “because even when I was young I took care of orphans like a father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) JOB 31 18 z518 figs-ellipsis 0 because from my youth The phrase “But I have done none of those things” is understood from the context. Alternate translation: “But I have done none of those things, because from my youth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 31 18 ibm5 figs-hyperbole 0 I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother’s womb Job is describing how he truly treated widows. With the phrase “from my own mother’s womb” he uses exaggeration to emphasize that he did this all his life. Alternate translation: “all my life I have guided the orphan’s mother, a widow” or “all my life I have guided widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 31 20 ut9q figs-synecdoche 0 if his heart has not blessed me The phrase “his heart” represents the poor man who needs clothing. Alternate translation: “if he has not blessed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 31 20 r66u figs-metonymy 0 because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep Here “the wool of my sheep” represents blankets or clothing made from the wool of Job’s sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the wool of my sheep has not warmed him” or “because I have not given him clothing made from the wool of my sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 21 mf7q figs-metonymy 0 if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people Lifting up the hand against someone represents threatening to harm him. Alternate translation: “if I have threatened to harm fatherless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 21 wu45 figs-metaphor 0 I saw my support in the city gate Here “saw” is a metaphor for “knew,” “support” is a metaphor for “approval,” and “the city gate” is a metonym for the leaders who sit at the city gate. Alternate translation: “I knew that the leaders at the city gate would approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 21 w7s9 0 in the city gate This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions. JOB 31 21 y72n 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. JOB 31 22 sqk5 figs-activepassive 0 then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 23 ss4j 0 For I dreaded … his majesty This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21. JOB 31 24 r6lg figs-abstractnouns 0 If I have made gold my hope If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “trust” or “hope.” Alternate translation: “If I trusted in gold” or “If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 31 24 s4sm figs-parallelism 0 if I have said to fine gold, ‘You are what I am confident in’ This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 31 25 bt3p figs-metonymy 0 my hand had gotten many possessions Here “my hand” represents Job’s ability to do things. Alternate translation: “I have gained many possessions by my own ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 25 sk1t 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. JOB 31 26 g5il figs-personification 0 the moon walking Here “walking” represents moving slowly. Alternate translation: “the moon moving across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 31 26 m93p figs-abstractnouns 0 the moon walking in its brightness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you can express the same idea with the words “bright” or “brightly.” Alternate translation: “the bright moon moving across the sky” or “the moon moving brightly across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 31 27 qcf6 figs-synecdoche 0 if my heart has been secretly attracted Here “my heart” represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if I have been secretly attracted to them” or “if I have secretly desired to worship them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 27 wm2t translate-symaction 0 so that my mouth has kissed my hand Here “my mouth” represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. Alternate translation: “so that I have kissed my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 31 28 pwl3 figs-activepassive 0 to be punished by judges If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 31 28 g5xt 0 I would have denied the God who is above Alternate translation: “I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above” JOB 31 29 b1im figs-abstractnouns 0 at the destruction of anyone who hated me If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 31 29 p1nt 0 when disaster overtook him Alternate translation: “when he experienced disasters” JOB 31 29 hvt5 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. JOB 31 30 w93c figs-synecdoche 0 Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin Here “my mouth” represents Job speaking. Alternate translation: “Truly I did not let myself sin” or “Truly, I did not sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 31 30 jng4 figs-metonymy 0 by asking for his life with a curse Here “asking for his life with a curse” represents cursing someone’s life so that he will die. Alternate translation: “by cursing him so that he would die” or “by cursing his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 31 ng3a figs-metonymy 0 the men of my tent The tent represents Job’s household. The men of his tent includes family members and servants. All of these knew Job well. Alternate translation: “the men of my household” or “my family members and servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 31 hwl9 figs-rquestion 0 Who can find one who has not been filled with Job’s food? Job’s men would have used this question to emphasize that Job was generous to everyone. Alternate translation: “Everyone has been filled with Job’s food!” or “Everyone we know of has eaten as much of Job’s food as he wanted!”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 31 32 uns3 figs-metonymy 0 even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. Here “stay in the city square” represents sleeping overnight in the city square. Alternate translation: “foreigners have never had to sleep in the city square” or “foreigners have never had to sleep outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 32 h895 figs-metonymy 0 I have always opened my doors to the traveler Here “opened my doors to the traveler” represents welcoming the traveler into his home. Alternate translation: “I have always welcomed the traveler into my home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 32 p6kk 0 and if that is not so, then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. JOB 31 33 sb1q figs-metaphor 0 If … I have hidden my sins Here “have hidden my sins” represents trying to keep people from knowing that he had sinned. Alternate translation: “If … I have tried to keep my sins a secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 33 jav4 figs-metaphor 0 by hiding my guilt inside my tunic This represents trying to keep people from knowing that he is guilty. Alternate translation: “by hiding the evidence of my guilt inside my tunic” or “like one who hides the evidence of his guilt inside his tunic” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 34 b8ml figs-parallelism 0 because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 31 34 ia4h 0 then bring charges against me This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. JOB 31 35 i9lk figs-exclamations 0 Oh, if only I had someone to hear me! This exclamation expresses Job’s wish. Alternate translation: “I wish I had someone to hear me” or “I wish that someone would listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) JOB 31 35 vmt3 figs-metaphor 0 here is my signature Here “my signature” represents Job’s promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that all I have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 35 v1vp figs-explicit 0 let the Almighty answer me! Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. Alternate translation: “let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong” or “I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 31 35 u84z 0 If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written! This expresses Job’s wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. Alternate translation: “I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written” or “If only I could read my opponent’s complaint against me” JOB 31 35 qku3 0 my opponent This could mean: (1) this refers to God or (2) this refers to someone else. JOB 31 36 gw5a figs-metaphor 0 Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 37 l5p7 figs-metaphor 0 I would declare to him an accounting for my steps Here “my steps” represents Job’s actions. Alternate translation: “I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done” or “I would tell him everything I have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 31 37 mvd6 figs-simile 0 as a confident prince I would go up to him This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. Alternate translation: “I would approach him boldly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 31 38 g2jv figs-hypo 0 General Information: This concludes Job’s description of situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 31 38 r91t figs-personification 0 If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together Job speaks of being guilty as if his land were a person who cries out against Job because of the wrong Job has done to the land. Alternate translation: “If I have done wrong concerning my land” or “If I have stolen my land from someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 31 39 vfe3 figs-metonymy 0 to lose their lives This represents dying. Alternate translation: “to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 31 40 k93z figs-ellipsis 0 weeds instead of barley The words “let” and “grow” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “let weeds grow instead of barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 32 intro pq4v 0 # Job 32 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Job’s friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu’s four statements. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. This quotation continues through the next chapter. JOB 32 1 k2f6 figs-metaphor 0 he was righteous in his own eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “he considered himself righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 32 2 cr7d figs-metaphor 0 Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 32 2 hxc1 translate-names 0 Elihu … Barakel … Ram These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 32 2 l6vj translate-names 0 Buzite This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 32 2 iub4 figs-explicit 0 he justified himself rather than God This means that he considered himself innocent and believed God had been wrong to punish him. Alternate translation: “he justified himself and claimed that God had been wrong to punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 32 3 p4aw figs-metaphor 0 Elihu’s anger was also kindled against his three friends This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Elihu also became very angry with his three friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 32 4 w92d writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) JOB 32 5 mm6z figs-metaphor 0 that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men This means that the men were done speaking to Job. This speaks of the men possibly having an answer as if the answer were an object that would be in their mouths. Alternate translation: “that these three men had nothing else to say” or “that these three men had no more answers to give Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 32 5 xt4n figs-metaphor 0 his anger was kindled This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 32 6 jj95 figs-you 0 you are very old Here “you” is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 32 7 z9d9 figs-metonymy 0 Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizes that since older people are wiser than younger people, they should be the first to speak of what they know. Alternate translation: “He who has lived many years should speak; He would is older should teach wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 32 8 le8v figs-parallelism 0 there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man’s wisdom comes from God. Alternate translation: “there is a spirit in a man, that is, the breath of the Almighty that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 32 8 tg64 figs-metonymy 0 the breath of the Almighty Here the spirit is represented by “breath.” Alternate translation: “the spirit of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 32 11 c94u 0 See Elihu uses this word here to draw the mens’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” JOB 32 11 vq5w figs-you 0 I waited for your words “I waited to hear what you would say.” The word “your” refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 32 12 cem5 0 who could respond to his words Here the word “respond” does not just mean to answer, but to answer with a helpful response. JOB 32 13 ys9l 0 We have found wisdom This means that they believe that they have figured out what is wise. Alternate translation: “We have discovered what is wise” JOB 32 13 pwq9 figs-metaphor 0 to defeat Job This speaks of God responding to Job and correcting him as if he were defeating him in battle. Alternate translation: “to refute Job” or “to answer Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 32 14 q8fq 0 with your words Alternate translation: “by saying what you have said” JOB 32 15 gi7d 0 dumbfounded amazed, unable to speak JOB 32 16 k7n7 figs-rquestion 0 Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more? Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. Elihu answers this question himself in the next verse. Alternate translation: But because you do not speak, I certainly will not wait any longer; you merely stand there and do not reply anymore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 32 17 ii5q 0 I also will answer on my part Alternate translation: “I will now take my turn to answer” JOB 32 18 j46i figs-metaphor 0 I am full of words Elihu speaks of having a lot to say as being full of words. Alternate translation: “I have so much to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 32 18 t9et 0 the spirit in me compels me Alternate translation: “my spirit forces me to say it” JOB 32 19 l5s6 figs-simile 0 my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. Also, these two phrases are parallel and have the same meaning. Alternate translation: “I feel like my breast is about to burst, like a container of fermenting wine that has no vent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 32 19 a7cz figs-synecdoche 0 my breast is This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. Alternate translation: “my spirit is” or “I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 32 20 m29y figs-activepassive 0 I may be refreshed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I may feel better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 32 20 w6zz figs-synecdoche 0 open my lips Here the “lips” represent the mouth. Alternate translation: “open my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 32 21 mi73 0 neither will I give honorific titles to any man Alternate translation: “neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor” JOB 32 22 nb65 0 my Maker This is a name referring to God. Alternate translation: “God who made me” JOB 32 22 i4r2 figs-euphemism 0 take me away This means that he would destroy him. Alternate translation: “destroy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 33 intro t7rx 0 # Job 33 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s mercy<br>While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh’s mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) JOB 33 1 m7lu figs-parallelism 0 hear my speech; listen to all my words These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 33 2 j572 figs-parallelism 0 I have opened my mouth … my tongue has spoken in my mouth These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. His “tongue” speaking represents himself speaking. Alternate translation: “I have opened my mouth and I have begun to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 33 3 u1kk figs-synecdoche 0 My words come from the uprightness of my heart Here Elihu refers to himself by his “heart” as he speaks of being upright. Alternate translation: “I will speak with uprightness” or “I will speak with complete honesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 33 3 j6sd figs-synecdoche 0 my lips speak pure knowledge Here Elihu refers to himself by his “lips” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “I will speak sincerely to you the things I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 33 4 g749 figs-parallelism 0 The Spirit of God … has given me life These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that God has made him and so gives authority to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 33 5 ikf4 figs-metaphor 0 set your words in order before me and stand up This speaks of Job preparing what he will say as if he were setting up and organizing physical objects. Alternate translation: “prepare what you will say, and stand up and answer me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 6 ie4u 0 See Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” JOB 33 6 dis8 figs-metaphor 0 I am just as you are in God’s sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I am just as you are in God’s judgment” or “God judges me the same way that he judges you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 6 ym3b figs-metaphor 0 I also have been formed out of the clay Though people are not made out of clay, God has made everyone as a potter carefully makes things out of clay. Alternate translation: “God has made both of us just as a potter forms things from clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 6 q828 figs-activepassive 0 I also have been formed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has also made me” or “God has formed both of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 33 7 dmb1 0 terror of me will not make you afraid Alternate translation: “you do not need to be afraid of me” JOB 33 7 y53l figs-metaphor 0 neither will my pressure be heavy upon you This means that he will not hinder Job or burden him. He speaks of emotional burden here as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “neither will I burden you” or “I will not oppress you with what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 8 zu7c 0 in my hearing Alternate translation: “where I could hear you” JOB 33 8 c2f7 0 I have heard the sound of your words saying Alternate translation: “I have heard you say” JOB 33 9 f62q figs-metaphor 0 clean A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 9 h3f9 0 there is no sin in me Alternate translation: “I have not sinned” JOB 33 10 f8tf 0 See The speaker uses this word here to draw attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” JOB 33 11 ra4e figs-metaphor 0 He puts my feet in stocks “Stocks” are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner’s feet to restrict his movement. Job speaks of feeling like he is a prisoner by saying that he is in stocks. Alternate translation: “I feel he has made me a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 11 w3ja figs-metonymy 0 my paths These words refer to where he goes. Here where he goes represents what he does. Alternate translation: “everything that I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 33 12 bbu1 0 I will answer you Elihu is speaking to Job. JOB 33 13 z74q figs-rquestion 0 Why do you struggle against him? Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not struggle against God.” or “You should not try to argue with God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 33 13 m749 0 He does not account for any of his doings Alternate translation: “He does not have to explain to us anything he does” JOB 33 14 gyh6 figs-idiom 0 God speaks once—yes, twice This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God speaks again and again in different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 33 15 zz7a figs-parallelism 0 a dream … a vision of the night These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 33 15 vq5q figs-metaphor 0 when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed This speaks of people being in a deep sleep as if the sleep fell upon them or overcame them. Alternate translation: “when people are fully asleep on their bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 16 cgu3 figs-metaphor 0 then God opens the ears of men This speaks of God making people aware of things as if he were opening their ears so that they could hear. Alternate translation: “then God reveals things to people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 17 qd6y figs-metaphor 0 in order to pull man back from This speaks of God keeping someone from doing something as if he were physically pulling him away from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to keep him from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 18 t4um figs-parallelism 0 God keeps man’s life back from the pit … his life from crossing over to death Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “God saves people from the grave and from death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 33 18 d93m figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 18 bd6l figs-idiom 0 man’s life back … his life This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “man from dying and … he keeps him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 33 18 lgc1 figs-metonymy 0 from crossing over to death Here “death” represents the place where people go when they die, that is, sheol. Alternate translation: “from going to sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 33 19 pgn6 figs-activepassive 0 Man is punished also If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God also punishes a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 33 19 x9jg figs-explicit 0 with pain on his bed This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. Alternate translation: “with pain so that he must lie in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 33 20 ubm9 figs-parallelism 0 so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies These two phrases mean basically the same thing, that the person is in so much pain that he cannot even eat. The person is represented by his “life” and his “soul.” Alternate translation: “the result is that he does not desire any food, not even very special food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 33 20 x7zp 0 abhors delicacies Alternate translation: “hates even very special food” JOB 33 21 f64y figs-activepassive 0 His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “His flesh” refers to his fat and muscles, not to his body’s outer skin. Alternate translation: “Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 33 22 gup8 figs-synecdoche 0 his soul draws close to the pit Here a person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “he is close to going into the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 33 22 v3zi figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 22 ne1h figs-synecdoche 0 his life to those who wish to destroy it Here the person is represented by his “life.” The phrase “those who wish to destroy it” refers to the place where people go after they die. Alternate translation: “and he is close to going to the place where dead people go” or “and he will soon go to the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 33 23 kt34 0 for him This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general. JOB 33 23 zbw1 translate-numbers 0 one out of a thousand In some languages it may be more natural to refer to “a great number” instead of “a thousand.” Alternate translation: “one from the great number of angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 33 24 a1rp figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 24 es6z figs-explicit 0 I have found a ransom for him This means that the angel has found a way to pay for the sins of the man so that he does not have to die. Alternate translation: “for I have found a way for you to keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 33 25 ze1v 0 Then This word is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel’s request. Alternate translation: “Then as a result” or “As a result of the angel’s request to God” JOB 33 25 mu51 figs-simile 0 his flesh will become fresher than a child’s This speaks of the man being healed and his body growing strong again as if his body became new like a child’s body. Alternate translation: “the sick man’s body will become new again like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 33 25 k7le figs-hyperbole 0 fresher than a child’s In this comparison, the word “fresher” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “fresh like a child’s” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) JOB 33 25 n9hs figs-ellipsis 0 a child’s This refers to a child’s flesh. Alternate translation: “a child’s flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 33 25 s1tk figs-metaphor 0 it is restored to the days of his youth This speaks of the man’s flesh again being as strong as it was when he was young. Alternate translation: “it will become strong again, as it was when he was young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 26 yt2q figs-idiom 0 he sees God’s face with joy This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he joyfully worships God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 33 26 d3zd figs-synecdoche 0 God’s face Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 33 26 ysy8 0 God will give the person his triumph Alternate translation: “God will save the person” or “God will make things right for the person again” JOB 33 27 t53p figs-activepassive 0 but my sin was not punished If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but God did not punish me for sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 33 28 wt12 figs-synecdoche 0 rescued my soul from going down into the pit Here the person is referred to by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “rescued me from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 33 28 u2a3 figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 28 f6ps figs-metonymy 0 my life will continue to see light Here the person is represented by his “life.” Also, living is spoken of as seeing the light. Alternate translation: “I will continue to live and see the daylight” or “I will continue to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 29 m27i 0 See Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” JOB 33 29 w47t figs-idiom 0 twice, yes, even three times This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “again and again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 33 30 b2bf figs-synecdoche 0 his soul The person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 33 30 cik5 figs-metaphor 0 to bring his soul back from the pit This speaks of saving the man from dying as if he had died and was being brought back to life. Alternate translation: “to keep him from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 30 qg5z figs-metaphor 0 the pit The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 33 30 myd4 figs-activepassive 0 he may be enlightened with the light of life This is an idiom and may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he may be happy to still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 33 31 z1l9 figs-doublet 0 Pay attention, Job, and listen to me These phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully to me, Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 33 32 g3l6 figs-idiom 0 that you are in the right This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 intro b9ku 0 # Job 34 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job’s statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) JOB 34 1 h9vc 0 Moreover, Elihu Alternate translation: “Then, Elihu” JOB 34 1 yw36 translate-names 0 Elihu See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 32:2](../32/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 34 2 k8a4 0 Listen to my words Alternate translation: “Listen to what I say” JOB 34 2 zux7 figs-irony 0 you wise men … you who have knowledge Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 34 3 ln8s figs-simile 0 For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. Here people are referred to by their “ear” and their “palate” to emphasize that they are tasting and hearing. Alternate translation: “For we listen to words to know what is good and bad, just as we taste foods to know what is good to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 34 4 v6hj figs-exclusive 0 Let us Here “us” refers to Elihu, Job, and his three friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) JOB 34 5 k2e1 0 has taken away my rights Alternate translation: “refused to give me justice” JOB 34 6 k523 figs-activepassive 0 I am considered to be a liar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God considers me to be a liar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 34 6 i95p figs-metaphor 0 My wound is incurable Here Job’s sickness and suffering is spoken of as if it were a “wound.” Alternate translation: “I am sick and no one can heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 34 7 nd2a figs-rquestion 0 What man is like Job Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one else like Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 7 glm5 figs-simile 0 who drinks up mockery like water Elihu is accusing Job of mocking others as often as a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “who mocks other people as frequently as he drinks water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 34 8 j3zr figs-metaphor 0 who walks with wicked men Here “walk” is an idiom for how a person acts. Alternate translation: “who behaves like wicked men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 34 10 n22e figs-irony 0 you men of understanding Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 34 10 meh8 figs-parallelism 0 far be it from God … far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God would never do anything wrong. The phrase “far be it from” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Almighty God would never consider doing anything that is wicked or wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 11 ia8g figs-metaphor 0 For he pays back a person’s work This means that he gives to a person what he deserves for the work he has done. Here “work” is a metaphor for what a person does. Alternate translation: “For he gives to a person what he deserves in return for he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 34 11 y31y figs-idiom 0 he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways The phrase “his own ways” is an idiom for how a person lives his life. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. Alternate translation: “he causes every man to receive the reward he deserves for how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 13 n1w5 figs-parallelism 0 Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him? Both of these rhetorical questions have the same meaning and emphasize that no one needed to grant God authority because it was already his. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No one needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 14 d4kx figs-hypo 0 If he ever Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JOB 34 14 t8rt figs-explicit 0 his spirit and his breath The “spirit” and “breath” of God are what makes all living things alive. Alternate translation: “his spirit and breath which give us life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 15 lah1 figs-synecdoche 0 all flesh Here all living things are represented by their “flesh.” Alternate translation: “all living things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 34 15 tmc7 figs-explicit 0 mankind would return to dust again This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. Alternate translation: “the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 16 h7bg 0 now Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say. JOB 34 16 lpb8 figs-you 0 you have Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 34 16 giw9 figs-parallelism 0 listen to the sound of my words “listen to what I say.” This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 34 17 rc4c figs-rquestion 0 Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? Elihu uses this question to rebuke Job for implying that God hates justice. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 17 s1zl figs-rquestion 0 Can one who hates justice govern? The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “no.” This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot govern the world.” or “God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 17 l8xs figs-rquestion 0 Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that Job does not have the authority or a reason to condemn God. Alternate translation: “You cannot condemn God, who is righteous and mighty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 18 n5xx figs-rquestion 0 God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’ or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked’? This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He says to some kings, ‘You are vile,’ and he says to some nobles, ‘You are wicked.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 18 pa2a figs-ellipsis 0 God, who says to a king This is part of the previous question. The understood words from the previous verse, “will you condemn God,” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “Will you condemn God, who says to a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 34 18 n3qi 0 vile Alternate translation: “evil” or “worthless” JOB 34 19 sj41 figs-metonymy 0 for they all are the work of his hands Here “hands” refer to power. Alternate translation: “for God made them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 34 20 xkd5 figs-idiom 0 at midnight Midnight is the time when one day ends and another begins. Here “midnight” is used as an idiom. Alternate translation: “at night” or “suddenly, at night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 20 yx7f figs-activepassive 0 people will be shaken and will pass away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase “will be shaken” is an idiom that means to be “struck.” Alternate translation: “God strikes them and they die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 20 nq3g figs-euphemism 0 mighty people will be taken away, but not by human hands This means that it is God who causes people to die, not people. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is God and not humans who cause mighty people to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 34 20 dsu9 figs-synecdoche 0 not by human hands Here people are represented by their “hands.” Alternate translation: “not by humans” or “not by people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 34 21 syl2 figs-metonymy 0 For God’s eyes are upon a person’s ways God’s “eyes” represent his sight. The phrase “a person’s ways” is an idiom for what he does and how he lives. Alternate translation: “For God watches everything a person does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 21 wn28 figs-explicit 0 he sees all his steps This means that he always knows where the person is and where he is going. Alternate translation: “he sees him wherever he goes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 22 em2w figs-doublet 0 no darkness, no thick gloom The words “thick gloom” mean basically the same thing as, and intensify, the word “darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOB 34 23 dy7z 0 in judgment Alternate translation: “so he may judge him” or “to be judged” JOB 34 24 hwl1 figs-idiom 0 He breaks mighty men into pieces This speaks of God destroying these men as if he actually broke their bodies into pieces. Alternate translation: “He destroys mighty men” or “He destroys important people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 24 nyi9 figs-explicit 0 for their ways that need no further investigation He does not need to investigate what they have done because he already knows everything about them. Alternate translation: “without needing to do further investigation, because he already knows their ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 24 i96c 0 their ways This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” JOB 34 24 z5n9 figs-explicit 0 he puts others in their places This means that he appoints other people to rule in their positions. Alternate translation: “and he chooses other people to rule in their places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 25 hq7v figs-idiom 0 in the night This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when they are not expecting it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 25 rxl8 figs-activepassive 0 they are destroyed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 34 26 mwg7 figs-simile 0 In the open sight of others, he kills them for their wicked deeds like criminals This phrase compares the way that these people die to how criminals die. Alternate translation: “He kills them for their wicked deeds, in the open sight of others as if they were criminals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 34 26 y46j figs-idiom 0 In the open sight of others This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “In a place where everyone can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 26 af3k figs-explicit 0 he kills them This speaks of God causing these people to die, though he does not actually strike them with a sword himself. He may cause someone else to kill them or disaster to come upon them. Alternate translation: “he causes them to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 27 mv8l figs-idiom 0 his ways This refers to God’s instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 28 d5r1 figs-abstractnouns 0 they made the cry of poor people come to him The word “cry” can be expressed as a verb. This speaks of God hearing their cry as if the cry were a person that came to him. Alternate translation: “they made the poor people cry, and God heard them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 34 29 w485 figs-metaphor 0 When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him? These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 34 29 k61c figs-rquestion 0 When he stays silent, who can condemn him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 29 j5ex figs-rquestion 0 If he hides his face, who can perceive him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 29 pdu7 figs-synecdoche 0 his face Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 34 30 n7qw figs-metaphor 0 no one to entrap people This compares a godless ruler harming people as if he were a hunter trapping his prey. Alternate translation: “no one to harm the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 34 32 u6ly figs-metonymy 0 teach me what I cannot see Here to “see” means to know. Alternate translation: “teach me what I have done wrong that I am not aware of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 34 33 kc72 figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does? “Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person’s sin?” Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 34 33 xdv4 figs-metonymy 0 that person’s sin Here punishing the person because of his sin is referred to as punishing the “person’s sin.” Alternate translation: “that person because of his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 34 33 nw6c 0 since you dislike Alternate translation: “because you dislike” JOB 34 33 px78 0 what it is that you know Alternate translation: “what you are thinking about this” JOB 34 34 qbs3 0 who hears me Alternate translation: “who hears me speaking” JOB 34 36 znm7 figs-activepassive 0 If only Job were put on trial in If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If only we could put Job on trial in” or “If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 34 36 mvs5 figs-idiom 0 in the smallest details of his case This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “to listen to his case thoroughly” or “to hear all of the details of his case” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 34 36 w7eb 0 of his talking like wicked men Alternate translation: “of how he has spoken like a wicked man” JOB 34 37 jr4v figs-explicit 0 he adds rebellion This refers to rebellion against God. Alternate translation: “he adds rebellion against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 34 37 fm5k figs-explicit 0 he claps his hands in mockery in our midst In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. Alternate translation: “he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst” or “he mocks God right in front of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 34 37 g7nc figs-metaphor 0 he piles up words against God Elihu speaks of “words” as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. Alternate translation: “he speaks many words against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 35 intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job’s statements against him.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic situation<br><br>Elihu explains the irony of Job’s claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) JOB 35 2 s9jw figs-rquestion 0 Do you think this is just…‘My right before God’? Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. Alternate translation: “You must think you are right…‘My right before God.’” or “It is not just…‘My right before God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 35 2 yh9l 0 Do you think this is just when you say Alternate translation: “Do you think it is right for you to say” JOB 35 2 g7jg figs-you 0 Do you think Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) JOB 35 2 l3t8 0 My right before God This could mean: (1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or (2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right. JOB 35 3 w8qv figs-rquestion 0 For you ask, ‘What use is it to me?’ and, ‘Would I be better off if I had sinned?’ Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. Alternate translation: “For you say, ‘It does not benefit me’ and, ‘I am no better off than if I had sinned.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 35 4 tp7p 0 Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking. JOB 35 6 t2vl 0 Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking. JOB 35 6 pdd2 figs-parallelism 0 If you have sinned … what do you do to him? These two lines share similar meanings. The second line intensifies the meaning of the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 35 6 t1v8 figs-rquestion 0 If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God? Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job’s sins cannot actually do anything to God. Alternate translation: “If you have sinned, you have not done any harm to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 35 6 s7x4 figs-metaphor 0 If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him? Elihu speaks of “transgressions” as if they were objects, and of committing many transgressions as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. He asks this question to emphasize that Job does nothing to God by his transgressions. Alternate translation: “If you committed a great many transgressions, you still do nothing to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 35 7 m97k figs-rquestion 0 If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand? The two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing, that Job’s righteousness adds nothing to God. Alternate translation: “If you are righteous, that does not enable you to give anything to him, and there is nothing that he will receive from your hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 35 7 i418 figs-synecdoche 0 receive from your hand Here the word “hand” represents Job. Alternate translation: “receive from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 35 8 fa27 0 another son of man Alternate translation: “another human-being” or “another person” JOB 35 9 p9sw figs-abstractnouns 0 Because of many acts of oppression The word “oppression” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Because of the many things that people do to oppress others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 35 9 zb6t figs-metonymy 0 they call for help from the arms of mighty men Here “arms” refers to power or strength. Alternate translation: “they call for someone to deliver them from the power of mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 35 10 f89r figs-metaphor 0 who gives songs in the night Elihu speaks of God enabling people to have hope in troubling circumstances as if he were giving to them songs which they can sing during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 35 12 gme8 0 Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking. JOB 35 12 xj4y 0 they cry out Alternate translation: “the oppressed people cry out” JOB 35 14 di2g figs-exclamations 0 How much less will he answer you … that you are waiting for him! Since God will not hear the prayers of prideful, evil men, it is even less likely that he will hear Job, who is complaining against him. Alternate translation: “So he certainly will not answer you … that you are waiting for him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) JOB 35 14 njy6 0 that your case is before him Alternate translation: “you have presented your case to him” JOB 35 14 c513 0 you are waiting for him Alternate translation: “you are waiting for him to respond” JOB 35 15 ub2k 0 Now you say that his anger does not punish, and he does not take even a litte notice of transgression Because Job is saying these things about God that are untrue, it is even less likely that God will answer Job’s prayers. JOB 35 15 kpu8 figs-metonymy 0 his anger does not punish Here “his anger” is a metonym for “him.” Alternate translation: “he never punishes anyone because he is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 35 16 ben3 figs-metaphor 0 he piles up words without knowledge Elihu speaks of “words” as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 36 intro pp2j 0 # Job 36 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) JOB 36 2 h1hx figs-metaphor 0 I will show you some things Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. Alternate translation: “I will explain some things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 3 c3pd figs-metaphor 0 I will obtain my knowledge from far off Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. Alternate translation: “I will show you my great knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 3 u4g9 figs-abstractnouns 0 that righteousness belongs to my Maker Here the word “righteousness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “that my Maker is righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 36 4 sqx3 0 my words will not be false Alternate translation: “what I say will not be false” JOB 36 4 br1k figs-metaphor 0 someone who is mature in knowledge is with you The word “someone” refers to Elihu himself. He speaks of being very knowledgeable as if it were being mature in knowledge. Alternate translation: “I, who am with you, am very knowledgeable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 5 z14c 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” JOB 36 5 j9ct figs-doublet 0 he is mighty in strength of understanding The phrase “mighty in strength” forms a doublet that means “very strong.” Elihu speaks of God understanding everything perfectly as if his understanding were very strong. Alternate translation: “he is very strong in understanding” or “he understands everything completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 7 q9mj figs-metaphor 0 He does not withdraw his eyes from righteous people Elihu speaks of God protecting righteous people as if God were watching them with his eyes, and of God ceasing to protect them as if he withdrew his eyes from them. Alternate translation: “He does not stop protecting the righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 7 yc6f figs-metaphor 0 sets them on thrones like kings Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if God were causing them to sit on thrones like kings do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 7 x6yz figs-metaphor 0 they are lifted up Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if he lifted them up to a high place. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he lifts them up” or “he honors them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 36 8 a6cw figs-activepassive 0 If they are bound in chains Here the word “they” refers righteous people whom God will discipline if they sin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone binds them in chains” or “If someone makes them a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 36 8 f3xm figs-metaphor 0 trapped in cords of suffering Elihu speaks of a person being made to suffer as if that person were trapped in ropes that cause suffering. Alternate translation: “someone causes them to suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 36 9 qj2k figs-ellipsis 0 their transgressions and their pride The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he reveals to them their transgressions and their pride” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 36 10 i8aj figs-metaphor 0 He also opens their ears Elihu speaks of causing a person to listen as if it were opening that person’s ear. Alternate translation: “He also causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 10 gn8h figs-abstractnouns 0 to his instruction The noun “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “to what he is instructing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 36 10 emb8 figs-metaphor 0 to turn back from iniquity Elihu speaks of stopping an action as if it were turning back from it. Alternate translation: “to stop committing iniquity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 11 hx9k figs-synecdoche 0 they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment The words “days” and “years” both refer to the person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 36 12 q2nz figs-metaphor 0 they will perish by the sword Elihu speaks of a person dying violently as if someone had killed them with a sword. Alternate translation: “they will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 13 j1gi figs-metonymy 0 who are godless in heart Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. Alternate translation: “who refuse to trust in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 36 13 z1u5 figs-metaphor 0 store up their anger Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. Alternate translation: “are always angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 13 a4sw figs-metaphor 0 even when God ties them up Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. Alternate translation: “even when God punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 14 ny42 0 their lives end among the cultic prostitutes Here “cultic prostitutes” refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. This phrase could mean: (1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or (2) the godless die in shame and disgrace. JOB 36 15 wt6t figs-metaphor 0 he opens their ears Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](../36/10.md). Alternate translation: “he causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 16 h4g2 figs-metaphor 0 into a broad place where there is no hardship Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 16 qjt9 figs-metaphor 0 where your table would be set with food full of fatness Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one’s table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 16 yn9l figs-activepassive 0 your table would be set If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your servants would set your table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 36 16 pw88 figs-idiom 0 food full of fatness Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. Alternate translation: “the very best food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 36 17 ybk9 0 you are full of judgment on wicked people This could mean: (1) “God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked” or (2) “you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve.” JOB 36 17 ji7m figs-personification 0 judgment and justice have laid hold of you Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. Alternate translation: “God has brought you to judgment and given you justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 36 18 mp6j 0 Do not let your anger entice you to mockery Some versions of the Bible translate this as “Beware that you are not enticed by wealth.” JOB 36 19 m4pr figs-rquestion 0 Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you? Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. Alternate translation: “Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 19 z8pw 0 all the force of your strength Alternate translation: “all of your great strength” or “all of your mighty efforts” JOB 36 20 q5v5 figs-metaphor 0 when peoples are cut off in their place This could mean: (1) that “peoples” refers to people in general and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. Alternate translation: “when people drag others away from their homes” or (2) that “peoples” represents nations and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. Alternate translation: “when nations will perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 21 qhr8 figs-activepassive 0 you are being tested by suffering If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God is testing you by making you suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 36 22 c7mn 0 See, God Alternate translation: “You know this already: God” JOB 36 22 x4qx 0 God is exalted in his power This could mean: (1) “God is extremely powerful” or (2) “people exalt God because he is powerful” JOB 36 22 ay6d figs-rquestion 0 who is a teacher like him? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. Alternate translation: “no one is a teacher like him.” or “no one teaches like he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 23 r88v figs-rquestion 0 Who has ever instructed him about his way? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. Alternate translation: “No one has ever instructed him about what he should do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 23 tz9r figs-rquestion 0 Who can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness?’ Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. Alternate translation: “No one can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 25 c8rq figs-metaphor 0 they see those deeds only from far away Elihu speaks of people not being fully able to understand God’s deeds as if people were only able to see those deeds from far away. Alternate translation: “they do not fully understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 26 k1vw 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” JOB 36 26 zd6h figs-idiom 0 the number of his years is incalculable This refers to how long God has existed. Alternate translation: “people cannot know how long he has lived” or “people cannot know his age” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 36 27 z98g figs-explicit 0 that he distills as rain from his vapor The word “distills” can also mean “refine” or “filter.” Elihu describes how God turns the drops of water, or vapor, that he draws up into rain. Alternate translation: “that he turns into rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 36 29 q3k1 figs-rquestion 0 can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do these things. Alternate translation: “no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 36 29 a4ve figs-abstractnouns 0 the extensive spread of the clouds The phrase “the extensive spread” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how the clouds spread across the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 36 29 wh4w figs-metaphor 0 from his hut Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a “hut” in which God lives. Alternate translation: “from the sky, where God lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 30 ip5f 0 See, he spreads Alternate translation: “Look carefully and see how he spreads” JOB 36 30 e9es figs-metaphor 0 and covers the roots of the sea Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. This could mean: (1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. Alternate translation: “but the depths of the sea remain dark” or (2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. Alternate translation: “and lights up the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 32 tsi9 figs-metaphor 0 He fills his hands with the lightning Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. This could mean: (1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or (2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 36 33 k3qk 0 Its thunder Alternate translation: “The thunder caused by the lightning” or “The thunder” JOB 36 33 se83 0 hear it is coming Alternate translation: “hear that the storm is coming” JOB 37 intro ccm7 0 # Job 37 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu’s four statements, and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s justice<br>This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) JOB 37 1 mup1 figs-parallelism 0 my heart trembles … it is moved out of its place These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 37 1 eid2 0 my heart trembles at this The word “this” refers to the storm in [Job 36:33](../36/33.md). JOB 37 1 nhy8 figs-metaphor 0 it is moved out of its place Elihu speaks of his heart beating violently as if it were to jump out of his chest. Alternate translation: “it moves out of its place” or “it beats violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 37 2 ilg9 figs-metaphor 0 the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God’s voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 37 3 q5ea figs-metaphor 0 to the edges of the earth Elihu speaks of the farthest places on the earth as if they were the earth’s borders. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 4 l4nh figs-metaphor 0 A voice roars after it … the voice of his majesty Elihu continues to speak of the thunder as if it is God’s voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 4 x26r 0 roars after it Alternate translation: “roars after the lightning” JOB 37 4 nei1 0 the voice of his majesty Alternate translation: “his majestic voice” JOB 37 4 k5js figs-activepassive 0 when his voice is heard If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people hear his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 37 6 btz3 figs-ellipsis 0 likewise to the rain shower The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “likewise, he says to the rain shower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 37 7 y45f figs-synecdoche 0 He stops the hand of every man Here the word “hand” represents the entire person. Alternate translation: “He stops every man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 37 9 cpb8 figs-explicit 0 The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 37 9 j84c figs-metaphor 0 The storm comes from its chamber in the south Elihu speaks of the storm blowing in from the south as if the storm has a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 10 u9mk figs-metaphor 0 By the breath of God ice is given Elihu speaks of the cold north wind as if it were God’s breath. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God’s breath makes ice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 37 10 dc5f figs-simile 0 frozen like metal Elihu compares the hardness of ice to the hardness of metal. Alternate translation: “frozen, as hard as metal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 37 11 gl6n figs-metaphor 0 he weighs down the thick cloud with moisture Elihu speaks of God causing the storm clouds to be full of water as if the moisture weighed heavily on the clouds. Alternate translation: “he causes the thick clouds to be full of moisture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 13 it32 figs-abstractnouns 0 sometimes it happens for correction The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. The object of his “correction” is people. Alternate translation: “sometimes it happens to correct his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 37 13 mjf4 figs-explicit 0 sometimes for his land This means that the rain waters the ground and causes vegetation to grow. Alternate translation: “sometimes to water the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 37 13 uep4 figs-abstractnouns 0 sometimes as acts of covenant faithfulness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “sometimes to act faithfully to his covenant” or “sometimes to be faithful to his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 37 15 ch2b figs-rquestion 0 Do you know how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them? Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot know this. Alternate translation: “You cannot understand how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 37 15 cbz2 0 establishes the clouds Alternate translation: “controls the clouds” or “makes the clouds obey him” JOB 37 16 w6jd figs-rquestion 0 Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge? Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 37 16 z95q 0 the floating of the clouds Alternate translation: “how the clouds float” JOB 37 16 s2ui figs-ellipsis 0 the marvelous deeds of God The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or do you understand the marvelous deeds of God” or “and you do not understand the marvelous deeds of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 37 17 a6f1 figs-rquestion 0 Do you understand how your garments become hot … from the south? Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. Alternate translation: “You do not understand how your garments become hot … from the south.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 37 17 hy96 0 how your garments become hot Alternate translation: “how you become hot in your clothes” or “how you sweat in your clothes” JOB 37 17 r98k figs-explicit 0 because the wind comes from the south In Israel, hot winds blow in across the desert from the south and cause hot temperatures. Alternate translation: “because of the hot, dry wind blowing in from the south” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 37 18 zlb7 figs-rquestion 0 Can you spread out the sky … a mirror of cast metal? Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot do this. Alternate translation: “You cannot spread out the sky … a mirror of cast metal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 37 18 c2kf figs-metaphor 0 as strong as a mirror of cast metal In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky giving no rain as if it were as hard as solid metal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 18 ww4s 0 cast metal This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold, and then hardens as it cools. JOB 37 19 s7ig figs-exclusive 0 Teach us what we should say to him Here the words “us” and “we” refer to Elihu, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, but not to Job. Elihu uses this phrase sarcastically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) JOB 37 19 q3st figs-metaphor 0 because of the darkness of our minds Elihu speaks of the inability to understand as if it were having darkness in one’s mind. Alternate translation: “because we do not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 20 z1tr figs-rquestion 0 Should he be told that I wish to speak with him? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do this. Alternate translation: “I cannot have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 37 20 fp7n figs-activepassive 0 Should he be told If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Should I have someone tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 37 20 b2q9 figs-rquestion 0 Would a person wish to be swallowed up? Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. Alternate translation: “No person would want to be swallowed up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 37 20 x2hn figs-metaphor 0 to be swallowed up Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for God to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 37 22 l64j figs-metaphor 0 over God is fearsome majesty The word “fearsome” means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God’s majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. Alternate translation: “God’s majesty causes people to fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 23 c4sd figs-metaphor 0 we cannot find him This could mean: (1) “we cannot approach him” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person’s being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: “we cannot comprehend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 37 24 n2pv figs-metonymy 0 those who are wise in their own minds Here “minds” represents the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “those who are wise in their own thinking” or “those who consider themselves to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 38 intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 1 b53y 0 Then Yahweh called Here, the word “then” marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. Alternate translation: “After all that had happened, Yahweh called. JOB 38 1 zh2u 0 called to Job Alternate translation: “answered Job” or “responded to Job” JOB 38 1 zk13 0 out of a fierce storm Alternate translation: “from a powerful storm” JOB 38 2 ln5m figs-rquestion 0 Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 2 u9fl 0 Who is this who brings Alternate translation: “Who are you to bring” JOB 38 2 kw1v figs-metaphor 0 brings darkness to plans “obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses God’s plans is spoken of as if he were making God’s plans harder to see. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 38 2 lq69 0 by means of words without knowledge Alternate translation: “by speaking of things about which you do not know” JOB 38 2 nng1 figs-abstractnouns 0 words without knowledge If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 38 3 ur9i figs-idiom 0 gird up your loins like a man “tie your robe up around your waist like a man.” Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom “gird up your loins like a man” means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. Alternate translation: “get yourself ready for hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 38 4 k38w figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 4 xgy2 figs-rquestion 0 Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 4 e2l4 figs-metaphor 0 I laid the earth’s foundations Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 4 p418 figs-abstractnouns 0 if you have so much understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 38 5 y99g figs-rquestion 0 Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 5 sp2s 0 dimensions Alternate translation: “size” JOB 38 5 nt85 figs-rquestion 0 Who stretched the measuring line over it? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 5 wjp1 0 measuring line a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape JOB 38 6 i7br figs-rquestion 0 General Information: The word “its” refers to the earth. Yahweh uses more questions to emphasize that Job could never understand how great God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 6 a776 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 6 i5wb figs-rquestion 0 On what were its foundations laid? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “On what did I set its foundations?” or “Tell me on what its foundations were laid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 38 6 p5tv figs-rquestion 0 Who laid its cornerstone If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who laid its cornerstone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 7 r55l figs-rquestion 0 Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 7 g3kf figs-rquestion 0 when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy? Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Tell me who laid its cornerstone when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 7 ql8y figs-personification 0 when the morning stars sang together The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: (1) the “morning stars” are the same as the “sons of God” in the next line or (2) “the morning stars” refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 7 z79e 0 the morning stars Alternate translation: “the bright stars that shine in the morning” JOB 38 7 j365 0 sons of God This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). JOB 38 7 x5id figs-abstractnouns 0 shouted for joy If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “joyfully.” Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 38 7 uc38 0 for joy Alternate translation: “because they were full of joy” JOB 38 8 nk5s figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 8 h82c 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 8 i6wl figs-rquestion 0 Who shut up the sea … of the womb This can be translated as a command. Alternate translation: “Tell me who shut up the sea … of the womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 8 x8t1 figs-metaphor 0 shut up the sea with doors Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. Alternate translation: “prevented the water from flooding over the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 8 txy1 figs-simile 0 as if it had come out of the womb Yahweh compares his creation of the sea to childbirth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 38 9 un26 figs-rquestion 0 This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who shut up” in verse 8. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 9 fhm1 figs-rquestion 0 when I made clouds … and thick darkness its swaddling bands? This can be translated as a command. Alternate translation: “Tell me who shut up … when I made clouds … and thick darkness its swaddling bands.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 9 n9tt 0 its clothing Alternate translation: “as clothes for the sea” JOB 38 9 zkz3 figs-abstractnouns 0 thick darkness its swaddling bands If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “dark.” Alternate translation: “made dark clouds its swaddling bands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 38 9 s1lf 0 swaddling bands long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born JOB 38 10 iq3r 0 I marked out for the sea my boundary Alternate translation: “I made a boundary for the sea” JOB 38 10 j829 0 boundary Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross. JOB 38 10 hyj2 figs-metaphor 0 I placed its bars and doors Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. Alternate translation: “I set up its barriers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 10 b38y 0 bars long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut JOB 38 11 hv5f figs-personification 0 when I said to it “when I said to the sea.” Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 11 ixn6 figs-explicit 0 You may come this far, but no farther The words “this far” mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. Alternate translation: “You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 38 11 iy3q figs-personification 0 to the pride of your waves “to the power of your waves.” The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “to your proud waves” or “to your powerful waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 38 12 c1ks figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 12 b56i figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 12 hi2g figs-rquestion 0 Have you … to know its place This question expects a negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 12 i57a figs-personification 0 given orders to the morning Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 12 gc16 0 caused the dawn to know its place Alternate translation: “caused the dawn to know where it belongs” JOB 38 12 q9wm 0 dawn the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises JOB 38 13 zak3 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12. JOB 38 13 l3k7 figs-rquestion 0 so that it might take hold … shake the wicked out of it? This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12. This question expects a negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “You have never given … so that it might take hold … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 13 s9db figs-metaphor 0 take hold of the edges of the earth The light of dawn is spoken of as if it seizes the horizons of the earth. Alternate translation: “grasp the ends of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 13 m62q figs-metaphor 0 shake the wicked out of it The daylight is pictured as causing wicked people to leave like shaking something to remove unwanted things. Alternate translation: “shake wicked people out of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 14 m9rx figs-simile 0 The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 38 14 dn8y figs-simile 0 all things on it stand out clearly like the folds of a piece of clothing Here “it” refers to the earth. This phrase has a similar meaning to the first phrase in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 38 15 w5i8 figs-activepassive 0 From wicked people their ‘light’ is taken away If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The morning takes away the ‘light’ of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 38 15 jfq3 figs-irony 0 their ‘light’ The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 38 15 e6v7 figs-metaphor 0 their uplifted arm is broken The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 16 e754 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize that he understands the earth and seas and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 16 yt52 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 16 vy8n figs-rquestion 0 Have you gone to the sources of the waters of the sea? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not gone to the sources of the waters of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 16 lcg5 figs-rquestion 0 Have you walked in the lowest parts of the deep? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not walked in the lowest parts of the deep.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 16 kmu4 0 the sources of the waters Alternate translation: “the springs” JOB 38 16 jrv9 figs-nominaladj 0 the deep This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. Alternate translation: “the deep sea” or “the ocean depths” or “the deep water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) JOB 38 17 a7xy figs-metaphor 0 Have the gates of death been revealed to you Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter into it. This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Has anyone shown the gates of death to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 38 17 g37w 0 the shadow of death See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md). JOB 38 18 q2iv figs-rquestion 0 Have you understood the earth in its expanse? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the earth in its expanse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 18 k9n7 0 the earth in its expanse Alternate translation: “the great broad places of the earth” JOB 38 18 l8zz 0 if you know it all Alternate translation: “if you know all about these things” JOB 38 19 kmt5 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that he understands light and darkness and Job does not. Each of these verses have two parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 38 19 z2nq 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 19 p4uw figs-rquestion 0 Where is the way to the resting place of light—as for darkness, where is its place? This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not know the way to the resting place of light or the place of darkness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 19 q3uk figs-personification 0 the resting place of light “the dwelling of light.” Light is spoken of as having a resting place from which it comes forth each day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 19 he61 0 light Alternate translation: “daylight” or “sunlight” JOB 38 20 d9pc figs-rquestion 0 Can you lead light and darkness to their places of work? Can you find the way back to their houses for them? These questions expect a negative answer. They can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot lead light and darkness to their places of work, or find the way back to their houses for them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 20 tyy4 figs-personification 0 to their places of work “to their territory.” Light and darkness are spoken of as being led out and back each day to accomplish Yahweh’s purposes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 21 ca1q figs-irony 0 Undoubtedly … so large Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. Alternate translation: “It is obvious that you do not know, because you were not born when I created them, and you are not very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) JOB 38 21 zfd6 0 for you were born then The word “then” refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. Alternate translation: “for you were already born when I created them” JOB 38 21 hy8k 0 the number of your days is so large Alternate translation: “you have lived so many years” JOB 38 22 h59t figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he rules over the natural world and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 22 w7gx figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He bgins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 22 sj2h figs-metaphor 0 storehouses for the snow … storehouses for the hail Snow and hail are pictured as being stored by Yahweh to do his will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 22 q2qv 0 hail balls of ice (usually small) that sometimes fall down from the sky during a storm JOB 38 23 hve3 0 Connecting Statement: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you entered” in verse 22 ends here. JOB 38 23 vl8g figs-rquestion 0 these things that I have kept … and war? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you entered” in verse 22 ends here. “You have never entered the storehouses for the snow, and you have never seen the storehouses for the hail, these things that I have kept … and war.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 23 fv91 0 these things that I have kept The words “these things” refer to the snow and the hail (verse 22). JOB 38 24 ctg6 figs-activepassive 0 What is the path to where the lightning bolts are distributed or to where the winds are scattered from the east over the earth? These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “What is the path to where I distribute the lightning bolts or to where I scatter the winds from the east over the earth?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 38 24 auw5 0 the winds are scattered Alternate translation: “the winds are blown” JOB 38 25 q4hg figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh questions Job to emphasize that he causes it to rain and thunder and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 25 f7pp figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a series of rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 25 eh5t figs-rquestion 0 Who has created the channels for the floods of rain If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only I have created the channels for the floods of rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 25 j3xx figs-rquestion 0 or who has made a path for the thunder If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “and only I have made a path for the thunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 25 ve3k 0 the floods of rain Alternate translation: “the torrents of rain” JOB 38 25 cd75 0 a path for the thunder Alternate translation: “a way for the rumble of thunder to be heard.” JOB 38 26 g934 figs-parallelism 0 on lands where no person exists, and on the wilderness, in which there is no one These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 38 26 na1j 0 where no person exists Alternate translation: “where there are no people” JOB 38 27 b6m2 figs-rquestion 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 27 lf5w figs-rquestion 0 to satisfy … sprout with grass? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “I am the one who has created … of rain, and I am the one who has made … to satisfy … sprout with grass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 27 d9vt figs-explicit 0 to satisfy The implied information is that it is the rain that meets the needs of the land to grow grass. Alternate translation: “so that the rain can satisfy the needs of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 38 27 q9sc figs-hendiadys 0 devastated and desolate “ruined and wasted.” These two words have nearly the same meaning and emphasize the ruined and empty nature of these regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) JOB 38 27 v1hz 0 with grass “the new grass” or “the fresh grass.” This is grass that is just starting to grow. JOB 38 27 cug4 0 make the ground sprout with Alternate translation: “make the ground support new grass” JOB 38 28 t8tq figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh begins a series of four questions to emphasize to Job that he makes rain, dew, ice, and frost and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Rain, dew, ice, and frost are spoken of as though they could be born like people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 28 y3ap 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 28 be1t figs-rquestion 0 Does the rain have a father, or, who fathers the drops of dew? These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Tell me who the rain’s father is, and tell me who has become the father of the drops of dew.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 28 geg1 figs-metaphor 0 fathers the drops of dew Becoming the father of the dew is a metaphor for creating it. Alternate translation: “causes the drops of dew to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 29 gw3s figs-rquestion 0 Out of whose womb did the ice come? Who bore the white frost out of the sky? These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Tell me whose womb the ice came out of. Tell me who bore the white frost out of the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 29 fm77 0 ice Alternate translation: “frozen water” JOB 38 29 l9y4 0 bore Alternate translation: “gave birth to” JOB 38 29 qu6n 0 the white frost dew that freezes on the ground on cold, clear nights JOB 38 30 jjp9 figs-personification 0 The waters hide themselves and become like stone The waters are spoken of as being able to hide. During the winter the ice hides the water underneath it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) JOB 38 30 iw86 figs-simile 0 become like stone The hardness of ice is spoken of as if it was stone. Alternate translation: “become hard like stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 38 30 cul4 figs-nominaladj 0 the deep This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. Alternate translation: “the deep sea” or “the ocean depths” or “the deep water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) JOB 38 31 l2s5 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the heavens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 31 w86h 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 31 rik8 figs-rquestion 0 Can you fasten chains on the Pleiades, or undo the cords of Orion? These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot fasten chains on the Pleiades, and you cannot undo the cords of Orion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 31 kqa9 0 fasten chains on Alternate translation: “bind chains onto” or “tie the bonds of” JOB 38 31 p1ai 0 the Pleiades … Orion These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in [Job 9:9](../09/09.md). JOB 38 31 wb4a 0 undo the cords of Orion Alternate translation: “loosen the cords that hold Orion” JOB 38 32 n1r3 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 32 ys38 figs-rquestion 0 Can you lead the constellations … proper times? Can you guide … children? These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot lead the constellations … proper times. You cannot guide … children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 32 lrw6 0 constellations groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky JOB 38 32 qx9k 0 to appear at their proper times Alternate translation: “so that they appear at the right time” JOB 38 32 x8g2 0 the Bear This is the name of a constellation. Translate as in [Job 9:9](../09/09.md). JOB 38 32 a6br 0 its children Alternate translation: “its cubs” JOB 38 33 y4fp figs-rquestion 0 Do you know the regulations of the sky? Could you set in place the sky’s rule over the earth? These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You do not know the regulations of the sky? You could not set in place the sky’s rule over the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 34 i5q7 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the rain clouds and lightning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 34 mq7j 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 34 tca5 figs-rquestion 0 Can you raise … may cover you? These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot raise … may cover you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 34 yh4f figs-abstractnouns 0 an abundance of rainwater If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “abundant.” Alternate translation: “an abundant amount of rainwater” or “a flood of waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 38 35 na4p figs-rquestion 0 Can you send out … you, ‘Here we are’? These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot send out you, ‘Here we are!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 35 z4cb figs-personification 0 Here we are The lightning bolts are spoken of as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 38 36 a9d6 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 36 sx1r 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 36 h7ay figs-rquestion 0 Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questions as statements. Alternate translation: “I am the one who has put wisdom in the clouds and given understanding to the mists.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 36 sfx3 0 has put wisdom in the clouds Alternate translation: “has given wisdom to the clouds” JOB 38 37 pv86 figs-rquestion 0 A rhetorical question begins here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 37 qju4 figs-rquestion 0 Who can pour out the water skins of the sky If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who can pour out the water skins of the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 37 w7u7 figs-metaphor 0 the water skins These are skins that people sew together so that they can hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as “waters skins” because they hold much water just like water skins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 38 38 hj6z figs-rquestion 0 when the dust runs … tightly together? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who can pour out” in verse 37 ends here. “Only I can pour out … when the dust runs … tightly together.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 38 qh39 figs-activepassive 0 when the dust runs into a hard mass The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the rain molds the dirt into a hard mass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 38 38 njw9 0 the clods of earth clump tightly together Alternate translation: “the lumps of soil stick together” JOB 38 39 s331 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 39 hqx6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 39 f7aw figs-rquestion 0 Can you hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 39 y8rn 0 a victim “prey.” This is an animal that a lion could eat. JOB 38 39 i376 0 lioness This is a female lion. JOB 38 39 n1pj 0 appetite hunger JOB 38 39 j1aw 0 of her young lion cubs “of young lions.” These are young lions that are old enough to hunt for themselves. JOB 38 40 awl8 0 Connecting Statement: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here. JOB 38 40 yb24 figs-rquestion 0 when they are crouching … to lie in wait? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “You know that you cannot hunt down … when they are crouching … to lie in wait.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 40 hu7v 0 dens A “den” is a lair or shelter where lions live. JOB 38 40 g23n 0 sheltering in hiding “hiding in a thicket.” Lions hide in thick vegetation when hunting their prey. JOB 38 40 fx6l figs-explicit 0 to lie in wait The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. Alternate translation: “to lie waiting for a victim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 38 41 t9jb figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 41 u1rq 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 38 41 sxy9 figs-rquestion 0 Who provides victims … for lack of food? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who provides victims … for lack of food.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 38 41 f3g8 0 provides victims “provides food.” This refers to animals that ravens look for and can eat. JOB 38 41 hc2b 0 ravens large birds with shiny black feathers that feed on dead animals JOB 38 41 y9ey figs-explicit 0 cry out to God The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. Alternate translation: “cry to God for help” or “cry out for God to give them food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 38 41 nde9 0 stagger about This means to walk around in an unsteady way. JOB 38 41 i8kr 0 for lack of food Alternate translation: “because they have no food” or “because they have nothing to eat” JOB 39 intro l9e1 0 # Job 39 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) JOB 39 1 b1wa figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 1 sw6i 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 1 m8kw figs-rquestion 0 Do you know at what time … bear their young? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not know when … bear their young!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 1 d7nh figs-rquestion 0 Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 1 j6ic 0 are having their fawns Alternate translation: “give birth to their fawns” JOB 39 2 phe5 figs-rquestion 0 Can you count the months that they gestate? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot count the months that they are pregnant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 2 nrm8 0 that they gestate Alternate translation: “to complete their pregnancy” JOB 39 2 w95t 0 they The word “they” refers to the goats and the deer. JOB 39 2 w3w9 0 gestate Alternate translation: “are pregnant” JOB 39 2 txy4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you know the time when they bear their young? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 3 sq9c 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 3 uj6h 0 They crouch down The word “They” refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer. JOB 39 3 rvs4 0 birth their young Alternate translation: “give birth to their offspring” JOB 39 3 n62w figs-metonymy 0 then they finish their labor pains This could mean: (1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or (2) “labor pains” is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother’s labor and pain. Alternate translation: “send out their offspring from their womb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 39 4 wey9 0 the open fields Alternate translation: “the countryside” or “the wild” JOB 39 4 v8ps 0 do not come back again Alternate translation: “do not come back to them” or “do not come back to their mothers” JOB 39 5 p64r figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 5 g9xs 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 5 twv9 figs-rquestion 0 Who let the wild donkey go free? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who let the wild donkey go free.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 5 x4tg 0 the wild donkey … the swift donkey These are different names for the same kind of donkey. JOB 39 5 mg7f figs-rquestion 0 Who has untied the bonds of the swift donkey If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who untied the bonds of the swift donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 5 pp7e 0 bonds ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away JOB 39 6 dku4 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 6 z26m figs-rquestion 0 whose home I have made … in the salt land? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “I am the one who has untied … whose home I have made in the Arabah, his house in the salt land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 6 qyi5 figs-personification 0 whose home I have made in the Arabah Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. “I gave him the Arabah as a place to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 39 6 hfq8 0 the salt land the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it JOB 39 7 b9s6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 7 j9rx 0 He The word “He” refers to the wild donkey. JOB 39 7 m4ln figs-personification 0 laughs in scorn Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkey laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in a quiet place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 39 7 rpn6 0 the driver’s someone who forces an animal to work JOB 39 8 t3sa 0 pastures places where animals can eat plants growing in the field JOB 39 9 u4vx figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 9 s6zs 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 9 ss2c figs-rquestion 0 Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The wild ox will not be happy to serve you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 9 yl5m 0 the wild ox This could mean: (1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or (2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen. JOB 39 9 f9tw 0 be happy Alternate translation: “be willing” JOB 39 9 v7dg figs-rquestion 0 Will he consent to stay by your manger? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will not consent to stay by your manger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 9 t1u5 0 consent to stay by your manger Alternate translation: “stay by your manger through the night” JOB 39 9 sgz6 0 manger something that holds food so that animals can eat it JOB 39 10 iqy5 figs-rquestion 0 Can you use ropes to hold the wild ox in the furrows? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 10 mt1p 0 ropes Farmers would tie ropes to animals’ heads or necks in order to lead them. JOB 39 10 gny8 0 furrows These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md). JOB 39 10 g8w9 figs-rquestion 0 Will he harrow the valleys as he follows after you? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will never harrow the valleys as he follows after you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 10 uq7t 0 harrow to smooth and break up the soil JOB 39 11 b4gj figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Here Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 11 epz6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 11 au79 figs-rquestion 0 Will you trust him because his strength is great? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust him because his strength is great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 11 zx9v 0 trust him The word “him” refers to the “wild ox.” JOB 39 11 cgj2 figs-rquestion 0 Will you leave your work to him to do? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to make him do your work for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 11 f3u1 0 leave your work to him to do Alternate translation: “have him do your hard work for you” JOB 39 12 ht1z figs-rquestion 0 Will you depend on him … grain for your threshing floor? These two clauses basically mean the same thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to depend on him … grain for your threshing floor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOB 39 13 g5i9 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 13 xrh3 figs-rquestion 0 The wings of the ostrich … pinions and plumage of love? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way they do. Alternate translation: “You do not know whether the pinions and plumage of the ostrich represent love when they wave their wings proudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 13 c9hc 0 ostrich a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly JOB 39 13 k698 0 wave proudly Alternate translation: “move with joy” JOB 39 13 b62x 0 pinions the very long feathers on the wings of birds JOB 39 13 y8q9 0 plumage the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird JOB 39 13 a7t4 0 of love The Hebrew word is uncertain. This could mean: (1) “of faithfulness” or (2) “of a stork.” The name of the stork meant “the faithful one” or “the loving one” because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. JOB 39 14 ix8t 0 on the earth Alternate translation: “on the ground” JOB 39 15 eg2i 0 crush them The word “them” refers to the eggs. JOB 39 15 p8ek 0 trample them Alternate translation: “step on them” JOB 39 16 n7gh 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 16 dn58 0 She deals roughly The word “She” refers to the female ostrich. JOB 39 16 u9gc 0 her labor the work that she does when she lays the eggs JOB 39 16 uqn1 figs-explicit 0 might have been in vain If the chicks die, all of her work was useless. Alternate translation: “might have been useless if the chicks die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 39 17 jm95 0 deprived her of wisdom Alternate translation: “made her forget wisdom” or “not given her wisdom” JOB 39 17 c8hu 0 understanding See how you translated this in [Job 11:6](../11/06.md). JOB 39 18 bd6w 0 When she runs This verse is in contrast to her weakness in caring for her chicks. Alternate translation: “However, when she runs” JOB 39 18 y8sh figs-explicit 0 she laughs … its rider It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. Alternate translation: “she laughs … its rider because she can run faster than the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 39 19 j9tb figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 19 ma5j 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 19 jg2w figs-rquestion 0 Have you given the horse his strength? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never given the horse his strength.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 19 sul3 figs-rquestion 0 Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 19 z5th figs-metonymy 0 clothe his neck with his flowing mane The horse’s “mane” is spoken of as if it was clothing for the neck of the horse. Alternate translation: “made his flowing main to cover his neck like clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 39 19 j215 0 flowing mane the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse JOB 39 20 lpb2 figs-rquestion 0 Have you ever made him jump like a locust? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to make him jump like a locust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 20 ul5g 0 a locust a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly JOB 39 20 mh2c 0 snorting a very loud sound that horses make with their nose JOB 39 21 c17t 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 21 gcq9 figs-explicit 0 He paws The word “He” refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. Alternate translation: “He paws with excitement and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 39 21 nvw4 0 paws Alternate translation: “digs at the ground with his hooves” JOB 39 21 k6rc figs-metonymy 0 to meet the weapons Here “the weapons” represent the battle in which they are used. Alternate translation: “to join in the battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 39 22 vse1 0 He mocks fear Alternate translation: “He is not afraid at all” JOB 39 22 juq5 0 mocks Alternate translation: “laughs at” JOB 39 22 qlb7 0 dismayed discouraged JOB 39 22 uk9z 0 does not turn back Alternate translation: “does not run away” JOB 39 23 cvi2 0 quiver a container that holds arrows JOB 39 23 ldn9 0 rattles shakes and makes noise JOB 39 23 i34d 0 flank the side of a horse JOB 39 23 q76b 0 javelin a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies JOB 39 24 r5sq 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 24 frz2 0 He The word “He” refers to the horse. JOB 39 24 sh13 figs-metaphor 0 swallows up ground The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. Alternate translation: “runs very fast over the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 39 24 bkv1 0 with fierceness and rage The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly. JOB 39 24 kx1q figs-explicit 0 at the trumpet’s sound It can be stated that someone blows the trumpet. Alternate translation: “when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 39 24 yf1b 0 he cannot stand in one place Alternate translation: “he is too excited to stand still” JOB 39 25 q35d figs-personification 0 he says, ‘Aha The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they discover something. The horse makes a sound because he has discovered the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 39 25 nry6 figs-explicit 0 the thunderous shouts It is implied that the horse hears these things. Alternate translation: “he hears the thunderous shouts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 39 25 i8r5 0 the outcries “the battle cries.” People have special shouts that they use in war to show their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy. JOB 39 26 i2wf 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 26 e41g figs-rquestion 0 Is it by your wisdom … for the south? Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not as great as Yahweh. The implicit answer to this question is “no.” Alternate translation: “It is not by your wisdom … for the south.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 26 rx7s figs-metonymy 0 stretches out his wings for the south Here the stretching out of his wings refers to flying. Alternate translation: “flies to the south” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 39 26 ckg8 0 for the south In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates. JOB 39 27 bv18 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 27 qk6s figs-rquestion 0 Is it at your orders … nest in high places? Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not powerful enough to command the eagles. The implicit answer to this question is “no.” Alternate translation: “You are not able to command the eagle to mount up and build his nest in high places.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 39 27 cd7k figs-abstractnouns 0 at your orders If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **orders**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you tell it to do so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 39 27 cz3r figs-idiom 0 mounts up This means he flies upward. Alternate translation: “flies up into the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JOB 39 28 u8qm 0 a stronghold The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them. JOB 39 29 ps15 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 39 29 ak87 0 he searches for victims Here the word “he” refers to the eagle. JOB 39 29 e6kd 0 for victims Alternate translation: “for animals that he can kill and eat” JOB 39 29 t32l figs-synecdoche 0 his eyes see them Here “his eyes” refer to the eagle. Alternate translation: “he sees them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 39 30 e2b5 0 His young It may be helpful to state that this happens after the eagle kills and animal. Alternate translation: “After an eagle kills an animal, the baby eagles” JOB 39 30 s29l 0 drink up blood Alternate translation: “drink the blood of the animal that he killed” JOB 39 30 iv5j 0 where killed people are “where there are dead people.” This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground. JOB 39 30 nx3p figs-explicit 0 there he is It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. Alternate translation: “he is there to eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 40 intro k9mj 0 # Job 40 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: “Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?” This is the essence of Job’s error.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Irony<br><br>Yahweh states, “He who argues with God, let him answer.” Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. JOB 40 1 jlf1 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 40 2 kpm1 figs-rquestion 0 Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty? Yahweh is rebuking Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God.” or “You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 40 2 p78z figs-pronouns 0 He who argues with God, let him answer Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. Alternate translation: “You want to argue with me, so answer me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) JOB 40 4 hez5 0 See, I am Alternate translation: “You are right when you say that I am” or “Look at me and you will see that I am” JOB 40 4 ymc5 0 I am insignificant Alternate translation: “I am not important” JOB 40 4 q9w7 figs-rquestion 0 how can I answer you? Job uses this question to apologize for questioning God. Alternate translation: “I cannot answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 40 7 t5gf figs-simile 0 gird up your loins like a man A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in [Job 38:3](../38/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 40 8 piw2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job. JOB 40 8 q5c9 figs-rquestion 0 Will you actually say that I am unjust? The word “actually” indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust.” or “You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 40 8 fj3l figs-rquestion 0 Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are condemning me so you could claim that you are innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 40 9 zc8k figs-simile 0 an arm like God’s The arm is a metonym for the strength in the arm. Alternate translation: “strength like God’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 40 9 h8v3 figs-rquestion 0 Can you thunder with a voice like him? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 40 9 bf69 0 a voice like him Alternate translation: “a voice the way he does” or “a voice like his voice” JOB 40 10 tc7m figs-metaphor 0 clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty The abstract nouns “glory,” “dignity,” “honor,” and “majesty” are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. Alternate translation: “make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 40 11 ec11 figs-metaphor 0 Scatter around the excess of your anger If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **anger** is spoken of as if it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. Alternate translation: “Be angry because people are proud, and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 40 11 vj9f 0 bring him down Alternate translation: “take away everything he is proud of” JOB 40 13 se3t figs-synecdoche 0 their faces The “face” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOB 40 13 y16q figs-euphemism 0 the hidden place a euphemism for the place where people’s spirits go when they die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) JOB 40 15 t3an 0 behemoth a large water animal, possibly the hippopotamus JOB 40 15 zzb3 0 he eats the behemoth eats JOB 40 15 h3k4 figs-simile 0 eats grass like an ox Both the behemoth and the ox eat grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 40 16 utj1 0 loins … belly’s muscles These two phrases refer to the same part of the body. JOB 40 17 t5ej figs-simile 0 like a cedar Cedar is a very hard wood, and his tail becomes very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 40 18 g8sh figs-simile 0 like tubes of bronze Here, his bones are compared to tubes made of bronze to show how tough this animal is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 40 18 v226 figs-simile 0 like bars of iron This last comparison describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 40 19 kd2r 0 chief of the creatures Alternate translation: “most important of the creatures” or “strongest of the creatures” JOB 40 19 c5rb figs-pronouns 0 the creatures of God. Only God Yahweh speaks as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “of my creatures. Only I, God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) JOB 40 20 f3ru figs-personification 0 the hills provide him with food The hills are spoken of as if they were people capable of giving him food. Alternate translation: “food grows on the hills for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 40 21 h567 0 lotus plants flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas JOB 40 21 uth5 0 reeds tall grasses found in swamps or marshes JOB 40 22 y4zd 0 lotus plants flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas. See how you translated this in [Job 40:19](../40/19.md). JOB 40 22 k86u 0 willows of the brook Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water. JOB 40 23 vbe3 0 banks sides of the river JOB 40 23 x8nv 0 though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth Alternate translation: “even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth” JOB 40 24 uyb7 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone capture him with a hook … snare? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 intro et13 0 # Job 41 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. JOB 41 1 tg8a figs-rquestion 0 Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 1 f9dw 0 draw out pull out of the water JOB 41 1 li7c figs-ellipsis 0 Or tie up his jaws with a cord? The words “can you” are understood from the previous question. They can be repeated here. God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?” or “And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 1 t8j2 0 his jaws Leviathan’s jaws JOB 41 2 y88e figs-rquestion 0 Can you put a rope into his nose … with a hook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot put a rope into Leviathan’s nose … with a hook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 3 f3f9 figs-rquestion 0 Will he make many pleas to you? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make pleas to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 3 sz4n 0 he Leviathan JOB 41 3 d9dm figs-rquestion 0 Will he speak soft words to you? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not speak soft words to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 4 bmh5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. JOB 41 4 lt8s figs-rquestion 0 Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 4 k4da 0 he … him The words “he” and “him” refer to Leviathan. JOB 41 5 d2ev figs-rquestion 0 Will you play with him as you would with a bird? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 5 kt39 figs-rquestion 0 Will you tie him up for your servant girls? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 6 al1q figs-rquestion 0 Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 6 s28m figs-rquestion 0 Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 6 z2rx 0 Will they divide Alternate translation: “Will the groups of fishermen divide” JOB 41 7 j9ni 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. JOB 41 7 j5dm figs-rquestion 0 Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 7 ymn4 0 his Leviathan’s JOB 41 7 g9bk 0 harpoons large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures JOB 41 8 y27l 0 him Leviathan JOB 41 9 pg91 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” JOB 41 9 s2he figs-activepassive 0 will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him? This generalization can be translated as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone who looks at him will be so frightened that he will throw himself on the ground.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 9 x9zn 0 the sight of him Alternate translation: “by looking at him” or “by seeing him” JOB 41 10 jk4f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Yahweh is much more powerful than both Leviathan and Job. JOB 41 10 wj5r figs-rquestion 0 None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me? It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 11 s27e figs-rquestion 0 Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 12 pqy2 figs-litotes 0 I will not keep silent concerning … nor about … nor about This can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly speak about … and about … and about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) JOB 41 12 c6dk 0 concerning Leviathan’s legs, nor about the matter of his strength, nor about his graceful form These are three things about which God will not keep silent. JOB 41 12 x2pd 0 his The word “his” refers to Leviathan. JOB 41 13 ppr4 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. JOB 41 13 fp4x figs-rquestion 0 Who can strip off his outer covering? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can strip off his outer clothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 13 xw7s 0 his … his Leviathan’s JOB 41 13 r6zd figs-metaphor 0 Who can penetrate his double armor? The word “armor” is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can penetrate his very thick hide.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 14 e1dk figs-rquestion 0 Who can open the doors of his face … terror? If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can pry his jaws apart … terror.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 41 15 wa6c figs-metaphor 0 shields The word “shields” is a metaphor for Leviathan’s hide. Both shields and Leviathan’s hide protect well and deflect arrows and other weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 41 15 s54h 0 tight together as with a close seal This means the “shields” are very close to one another and nothing can get between them. JOB 41 16 jl62 0 One is so near to another One row of shields is so near to another ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)). JOB 41 16 cs18 0 between them between the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)) JOB 41 17 z5wz 0 They … they … they the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)). JOB 41 17 x9sg figs-activepassive 0 they cannot be pulled apart This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can pull them apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 41 18 tbj3 0 from his snorting A snort is a sound like a short snore. Another possible meaning is “from his sneezing” or “when he sneezes.” Alternate translation: “when he snorts” JOB 41 18 wjz6 figs-simile 0 his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning dawn This means that his eyes are red as the morning dawn is red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 41 18 vs55 0 his The word “his” refers to Leviathan. JOB 41 19 mp8p figs-parallelism 0 Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out God expresses the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the terrifying appearance of Leviathan. You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out of his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 41 19 pl7d 0 his The word “his” refers to Leviathan. JOB 41 20 pqy7 0 nostrils the two openings of the nose JOB 41 20 uk6d figs-simile 0 smoke like a boiling pot Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 41 21 lgl1 0 kindles coals into flame Alternate translation: “causes coals to catch fire” JOB 41 22 xx91 0 his … him The words “his” and “him” refer to Leviathan. JOB 41 22 lw67 figs-abstractnouns 0 terror dances in front of him If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 41 23 uak5 figs-activepassive 0 they cannot be moved This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can move them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 41 24 b1b7 figs-simile 0 His heart is as hard as a stone A rock or stone does not change and become soft. This could mean: (1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 41 24 ja7y 0 a lower millstone “the hardest of rocks.” The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find. JOB 41 25 u1vw 0 he … himself Leviathan JOB 41 25 ygt1 0 the gods This could mean: (1) “mighty people” or (2) “very strong people” . JOB 41 26 m7ws 0 strikes him strikes Leviathan JOB 41 27 hml3 figs-simile 0 He thinks of iron as if it were straw “He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw.” Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 41 27 uu6e figs-ellipsis 0 of bronze as if it were rotten wood You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 41 28 jl4x figs-metaphor 0 to him sling stones become chaff Chaff cannot hurt Leviathan, and sling stones are just as ineffective as chaff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 41 28 w7pl 0 him … him Leviathan JOB 41 29 zzu4 figs-activepassive 0 Clubs are regarded as straw A club made of straw would not hurt him, and a club made of wood would not hurt him. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He thinks of clubs as if they were straw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 41 29 yn7y figs-personification 0 he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear The person throwing the spear hopes that the spear will kill Leviathan, but the writer speaks as if Leviathan knows the spear will not kill him and so laughs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 41 29 rx15 0 he laughs Leviathan laughs JOB 41 30 jdd9 0 His … he … he These words refer to Leviathan. JOB 41 30 sy31 figs-simile 0 he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge Just as a threshing sledge goes over grain on a threshing floor and turns it to powder, so Leviathan’s tail leaves a trail in the mud as he wags it when he walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 41 31 p2f1 0 He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water Alternate translation: “As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of boiling water in a pot” JOB 41 31 bj7m 0 He The word “he” refers to Leviathan. JOB 41 31 z9pu figs-simile 0 he makes the sea like a pot of ointment The ointment in a pot is cloudy if someone shakes it, and the sea is muddy when Leviathan swims in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) JOB 41 32 xdy6 0 one would think the deep had gray hair This is because the bubbles in his wake are white. JOB 41 33 p5t9 0 there is no equal to him Alternate translation: “no other creature is like Leviathan” JOB 41 33 f5nc 0 him Leviathan JOB 41 34 b5cm 0 He sees everything that is proud Alternate translation: “He is very, very proud” JOB 41 34 c959 figs-personification 0 he is king over all the sons of pride Leviathan is spoken of as if he were a person who is able to become king and be proud. Alternate translation: “Leviathan has more reason to be proud than anyone else on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JOB 41 34 n88z 0 He … he Leviathan JOB 42 intro g9q6 0 # Job 42 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br><br>Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job’s friends and restores Job’s blessings. Yahweh’s blessing was not dependent upon Job’s repentance, but upon Yahweh’s grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) JOB 42 2 bdu3 figs-ellipsis 0 I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped You may want to repeat the words “I know.” Alternate translation: “I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 42 2 wu37 figs-activepassive 0 no purpose of yours can be stopped This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can stop any of your plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOB 42 3 b75d figs-rquestion 0 Who is this The ULT and most modern versions agree that Job is loosely quoting God’s own words from [Job 38:2](../38/02.md). You may decide, as does the UST, to make it clear that God asked this question of Job and that Job is now remembering it. Alternate translation: “You said to me, ‘Who is this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOB 42 3 en66 figs-explicit 0 conceals plans That is, hides or misrepresents God’s plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JOB 42 5 gp4a figs-metaphor 0 but now my eye sees you The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents understanding. Alternate translation: “but now I really understand you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 42 6 y9x9 figs-metonymy 0 despise myself Job’s self is a metonym for what he said. Alternate translation: “I despise the things I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 42 6 d1wv 0 despise intensely dislike JOB 42 6 p13d translate-symaction 0 I repent in dust and ashes Sitting in dust and ashes is a symbolic act showing the person is sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) JOB 42 7 bj1v 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. JOB 42 7 izh1 0 Eliphaz the Temanite See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) JOB 42 7 snw3 figs-metaphor 0 My wrath is kindled against you Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. Alternate translation: “I have become very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JOB 42 8 fh9u translate-numbers 0 seven bulls “7 bulls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 42 8 vy3t figs-abstractnouns 0 so that I may not deal with you after your folly If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **folly**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JOB 42 9 h2t8 0 Bildad the Shuhite See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) JOB 42 9 tm97 0 Zophar the Naamathite See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) JOB 42 9 l5p5 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh accepted Job The person is a metonym for the prayer he prays. Alternate translation: “God accepted Job’s prayer for his three friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOB 42 10 khw7 0 Yahweh restored his fortunes Alternate translation: “Yahweh restored his riches” or “Yahweh restored his wealth” JOB 42 11 nlf5 0 all who knew him before Alternate translation: “all the people he had known before” JOB 42 12 bw3a figs-ellipsis 0 more than the first The words “he blesed” and “of Job’s life” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here Alternate translation: “more than he blessed the first part of Job’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JOB 42 12 ud3i translate-numbers 0 fourteen thousand sheep 14,000 sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 42 12 qax5 translate-numbers 0 six thousand camels 6,000 camels (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 42 12 g7yp translate-numbers 0 one thousand yoke of oxen 1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 42 13 z7x9 translate-numbers 0 seven sons and three daughters 7 sons and 3 daughters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 42 14 xd1h translate-names 0 Jemimah … Keziah … Keren-Happuch women’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOB 42 15 l9nw 0 no women were found as beautiful as Job’s daughters Alternate translation: “Job’s daughters were more beautiful than all the other women” JOB 42 16 s5ni translate-numbers 0 lived 140 years “lived 140 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOB 42 17 d827 figs-doublet 0 being old and full of days The words “full of days” means basically the same thing as “being old.” The two phrases form a common idiom. Alternate translation: “a very old man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])