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2ZECfrontintroyx6e0# Introduction to Zechariah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Zechariah<br><br>1. Zechariah calls the returning nation of Israel to repent and return to Yahweh (1:16)<br>1. The eight night visions (1:7-6:8)<br>- Yahweh sends his messengers throughout the whole earth (1:717)<br>- Four horns and four craftsmen (1:1821)<br>- The measuring line (2:113)<br>- The priest in filthy clothes (3:110)<br>- The golden lampstand olive trees (4:114)<br>- The flying scroll (5:14)<br>- The woman in a basket (5:511)<br>- Four chariots (6:18)<br>1. A crown for the high priest (6:915)<br>1. Questions about fasting (7:18:23)<br>1. Yahweh judges the nations and saves his people (9:111:17)<br>1. Final message (12:1-14:21)<br>- Yahweh will finally defeat Israels enemies (12:1-9)<br>- Israel mourns for the one they pierced (12:10-14)<br>- Yahweh purifies Israel and removes false prophets (13:1-6)<br>- Yahweh comes as king (14:121)<br><br>### What is the Book of Zechariah about?<br><br>Zechariah wrote to the people of Judah who returned from being exiled in Babylon. The people of Judah continued to sin, as their ancestors did before they went into exile. Zechariah called the people to repent and to obey Yahweh. And he called them to renew the covenant with Yahweh. Zechariah also prophesied about the Messiah and about Israel finally being victorious over her enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has been titled “Zechariah” or “The Book of Zechariah.” Translators may decide to call it the “The Book About Zechariah” or “The Sayings of Zechariah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Zechariah?<br><br>The prophet Zechariah wrote this book between 520 and 518 B.C.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Did Zechariah prophesy before Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai?<br><br>Zechariah prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. He prophesied at the same time as Haggai and continued after Haggai.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?<br><br>The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son of Isaac. God changed Jacobs name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. Zechariah uses the term “Israel” to refer to both the nation of Israel and the northern kingdom of Israel.<br><br>### What imagery does Zechariah use in reference to the Messiah?<br><br>Zechariah presented the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. Zechariah said that the Messiah would come and deliver his people. However, the Messiah would also be pierced (12:10) and struck with the sword (13:7). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>### What does the phrase “that day” mean?<br><br>Zechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referring to a future “day,” the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
3ZEC1introqki30# Zechariah 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariahs vision given by the Lord.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Visions<br>This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Date<br>Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariahs prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
4ZEC11if96translate-hebrewmonths0In the eighth monthThis is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5ZEC11fpf6translate-ordinal0the second year of Darius reign“the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “the second year since Darius became king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
6ZEC11qr9ffigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh cameThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7ZEC11e6fd0YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
8ZEC11ge9jtranslate-names0Berechiah … IddoThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9ZEC12huv90exceedingly angry with your fathers“very angry with your forefathers”
10ZEC13wv9bfigs-metaphor0Turn to me … and I will return to youYahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11ZEC13ymr9figs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
12ZEC14le2qfigs-metaphor0Turn from your evil ways and wicked practicesNo longer doing certain actions is spoken of as if it were turning away from those actions. The phrases “evil ways” and “wicked practices” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Stop doing all of your wicked actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
13ZEC14g1tefigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
14ZEC15tk3pfigs-rquestion0Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever?These two rhetorical questions emphasize that both their ancestors and the prophets who proclaimed Yahwehs message to their ancestors have died. The questions can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Neither your fathers nor the prophets are here because they have all died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15ZEC16b2aifigs-rquestion0But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers?This rhetorical question emphasizes the positive answer that it anticipates. Yahweh speaks of the peoples ancestors experiencing the consequences of not obeying Yahwehs commands as if his words and decrees were a person who had chased after and overtaken them. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets have overtaken your fathers.” or “But your fathers have suffered the consequences for disobeying my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets to tell them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16ZEC16p786figs-doublet0my words and my decreesThese phrases are both ways to refer to Yahwehs message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
17ZEC16pc8ufigs-doublet0our ways and actionsThe words “ways” and “actions” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “our behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
18ZEC17kav5translate-hebrewmonths0the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat“Shebat” is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19ZEC17epb7translate-ordinal0in the second year of Darius reign“in the second year of the reign of Darius the king” or “in the second year since Darius became king.” See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
20ZEC17al5nfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh cameThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message” or “Yawheh spoke this message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21ZEC17li5wtranslate-names0Berechiah … IddoThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
22ZEC18rsm40lookThe word “look” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
23ZEC18fg97translate-unknown0myrtle treesa kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
24ZEC19rb9l0I said, “What are these things, Lord?” Then the angel who talked with meHere Zechariah speaks to an unidentified angel. This is not the same as the “man” who was “riding on a red horse.”
25ZEC19l5k20What are these things, Lord?“What are these things, sir?” Here the word “Lord” is a form of polite address.
26ZEC110uiv2figs-idiom0the man who stood among the myrtle treesThese phrases refer to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the man who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
27ZEC110m3qffigs-explicit0These are thoseThe word “these” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
28ZEC110paz1figs-explicit0to roam throughout the earthIt is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29ZEC111p8cefigs-idiom0the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle treesThis phrase refers to the man who “was riding on a red horse” in [Zechariah 1:8](../01/08.md). This could mean: (1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or (2) the word “stood” is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: “the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
30ZEC111vum3figs-explicit0They answered … they saidThe word “they” refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. This could mean: (1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or (2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31ZEC111z1ntfigs-metaphor0all the earth sits still and is at restThere being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. This could mean: (1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or (2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32ZEC112hd8wfigs-metonymy0to Jerusalem and to the cities of JudahHere the words “Jerusalem” and “cities” refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33ZEC113ea770with good words, words of comfort“with good, comforting words”
34ZEC114z6270I have been jealous for JerusalemHere the word “jealous” refers to Yahwehs strong desire to protect his people.
35ZEC115z4b6figs-idiom0I am very angry with the nations that are at easeThe phrase “at ease” means that the people thought that they lived in peace and security. Alternate translation: “I am very angry with the nations that enjoy peace and security” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
36ZEC115vt8i0I was only a little angry with them“I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem”
37ZEC115ml6dfigs-explicit0they made the disaster worse“the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse.” This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
38ZEC116irm7figs-metaphor0I have returned to Jerusalem with merciesThis could mean: (1) although Yahweh had left Jerusalem when the people had gone into exile, he will now return to Jerusalem when they have come back from exile or (2) Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude towards the people of Jerusalem and again blessing them and helping them as if he were returning to the city. Alternate translation: “I will once again show mercy towards Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39ZEC116mlv6figs-metonymy0My house will be built within herThe word “her” refers to Jerusalem, and the word “house” is a metonym for the temple. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people will build my temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40ZEC116qz6gfigs-explicit0the measuring line will be stretched out over JerusalemThis refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem” or “the people will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
41ZEC117xwc50Again call out, sayingThe angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.
42ZEC117c5zgfigs-metonymy0My cities will once again overflow with goodnessThe phrase “my cities” refers to the cities of Judah and represents the people who live in those cities. Yahweh speaks of the inhabitants of those cities again being prosperous as if goodness were a liquid that overflowed the cities, which are its containers. Alternate translation: “My cities will once again be prosperous” or “The people in the cities of Judah will once again be prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43ZEC117e1cnfigs-metonymy0Yahweh will again comfort ZionHere the word “Zion” refers to the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will again comfort the people in Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44ZEC118fb8wfigs-synecdoche0I lifted up my eyesThe word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
45ZEC119p1khwriting-symlanguage0These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and JerusalemHorns were often used as a symbol for military power. Here they symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The words “Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” represent the people who lived in those places. Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that have scattered the people of Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
46ZEC120a61d0four craftsmen“blacksmiths” or “metalworkers”
47ZEC121y3z50these peopleThis refers to the four craftsmen.
48ZEC121k412writing-symlanguage0These are the horns that scattered JudahThe horns symbolize the powerful nations that had conquered the kingdoms of Israel. The word “Judah” represents the people who lived in Judah. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Zechariah 1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “These horns represent the nations that scattered the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49ZEC121zd7pfigs-metaphor0so that no man would lift up his headThe nations oppressing the people of Judah severely is spoken of as if no person in Judah was able to raise his head. Alternate translation: “and caused them to suffer greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50ZEC121gm5dfigs-metaphor0to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of JudahYahweh speaks of the nations using their military power to conquer Judah as if the nations had lifted up their horns. He speaks of these four craftsmen destroying the military power of these nations as if the craftsmen threw those horns to the ground. Alternate translation: “to destroy the power of the nations who used their military might against the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51ZEC121q7u90to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn“to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up”
52ZEC2introj9a80# Zechariah 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is introduced in prose with imagery used in the rest of the chapter to portray Zechariahs third vision about measuring lines given by the Lord.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 2:4-13, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Visions<br><br>This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing. Please be careful to translate each of the terms in your language.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “This is Yahwehs declaration”<br>This phrase is used several times in this chapter. The UST often translates this as “Yahweh says.”
53ZEC21u35hfigs-synecdoche0I lifted up my eyesThe word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
54ZEC21dn7b0measuring linea rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land
55ZEC22eb3u0So he said to me“So the man with the measuring line said to me”
56ZEC23he2kwriting-participants0another angel went out to meet himThis angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
57ZEC24ty6u0The second angel said to him“The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me”
58ZEC24mt9qfigs-explicit0Jerusalem will sit in the open country … beasts within herThe phrase “will sit in the open country” translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem will not have walls around it … beasts within the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59ZEC25ync4figs-metaphor0I … will become for her a wall of fire around herPeople built walls around their cities for protection. Here Yahweh speaks of protecting Jerusalem as if he himself were a wall of fire around the city. Alternate translation: “I … will protect the city, like a wall of fire around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60ZEC25e11hfigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
61ZEC26c7zpfigs-doublet0Up! Up!These two words express urgency and add emphasis to the following command. The words can be translated with an expression that communicates urgency in your language. Alternate translation: “Run! Run!” or “Hurry! Hurry!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
62ZEC27nj7kfigs-metaphor0you who live with the daughter of BabylonThe phrase “daughter of Babylon” refers to the city of Babylon. Yahweh speaks of the city as if it were a daughter. Alternate translation: “you who live in Babylon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63ZEC28qki80General Information:Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem.
64ZEC28uv6hfigs-explicit0for whoever touches youThe word “touches” refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate translation: “for whoever harms you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
65ZEC29w4b5translate-symaction0I myself will shake my hand over themRaising ones hand against another person is a gesture of hostility. Here it is a symbolic action that means that God will attack those who harm Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I myself will fight against them” or “I myself will attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
66ZEC29q7li0they will be plunder for their slavesThe word “plunder” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “their slaves will plunder them”
67ZEC210n5lpfigs-metaphor0Sing for joy, daughter of Zion“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. This could mean: (1) Zechariah personifies the city as a person who can sing. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, Zion” or (2) the phrase “daughter of Zion” is a metonym for the people who live in the city. Alternate translation: “Sing for joy, people of Zion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68ZEC210ph8ufigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
69ZEC211h8g4figs-metaphor0great nations will join themselves to YahwehZechariah speaks of the people of great nations becoming Yahwehs people and worshiping him as if they were joining themselves to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the people of great nations will become the people of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70ZEC211glg20in that day“at that time”
71ZEC211bu8a0I will encamp in the midst of you“I will live among you”
72ZEC212e1srfigs-metaphor0Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possessionZechariah speaks of Yahweh claiming Judah as his own land as if Judah were something that Yahweh inherits as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will claim Judah as his rightful possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73ZEC213f45hfigs-synecdoche0all fleshHere the word “flesh” represents all humanity. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
74ZEC213p2lbfigs-metaphor0he has been rousedZechariah speaks of Yahweh beginning to act as if someone had roused Yahweh from inactivity. It is implied that this action refers to his returning to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75ZEC213dh6yfigs-explicit0from out of his holy placeHere “his holy place” refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from his holy place in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
76ZEC3introgw6m0# Zechariah 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Difficult concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Visions<br>It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The high priest<br><br>This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
77ZEC31l2ct0General Information:Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.
78ZEC31lm1x0Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin“Satan was standing at Joshuas right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin”
79ZEC32p64gfigs-rquestion0Is this not a brand pulled from the fire?The angel of Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Joshua is a brand pulled from the fire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
80ZEC32il5pfigs-metaphor0a brand pulled from the fireA brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81ZEC33d4s4writing-symlanguage0Joshua was dressed in filthy garmentsIn this vision “filthy garments” are symbolic of sinfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
82ZEC34l7ds0those who stood before himThe word “him” refers to the angel. The phrase refers to other angels who were present.
83ZEC34g4d40Look“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
84ZEC34k9ltfigs-idiom0I have caused your iniquity to pass from youSince Joshuas garments were symbolic of his sinfulness, by removing his garments, the angel removed Joshuas iniquity. Causing iniquity to pass from him is an idiom that means that he had removed Joshuas iniquity. Alternate translation: “I have removed your iniquity from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85ZEC34uh7kwriting-symlanguage0dress you in fine clothingHere fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
86ZEC35d1b90Let them putHere the word “them” refers to the other angels who were present.
87ZEC35d26a0turbana long piece of cloth wrapped around the head
88ZEC36v18s0solemnly commanded Joshua“commanded Joshua in a very serious manner”
89ZEC37l5bafigs-parallelism0If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandmentsThese two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh speaks of obeying him as if the person were walking along Yahwehs paths. Alternate translation: “If you will obey me and keep my commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90ZEC37x34kfigs-metonymy0you will govern my house and guard my courtsHere the word “house” is a metonym for the temple, while the word “courts” refers to the courtyards around the temple. Together the phrases mean that Joshua will have authority over the whole temple complex. Alternate translation: “you will have authority over my temple and its courtyards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91ZEC37mwk3figs-idiom0to go and come among these who stand before meThe phrase “to go and come among” is an idiom that means that Joshua will be a part of this group and have the same privilege as they do of access to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to come before me as these who stand here do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92ZEC38gk7g0General Information:The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua.
93ZEC38jym9figs-explicit0your companions who live with youThis phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate translation: “the other priests who live with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
94ZEC38hp4q0For these men are a signHere the word “sign” refers to something that communicates a special meaning to those who see it. Yahweh speaks of the priests serving in the temple as being this sign that shows that Yahweh will bring his servant.
95ZEC38v7atfigs-metaphor0my servant the BranchThe word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahwehs people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96ZEC39m5hy0the stone that I have set before JoshuaHere the word “stone” likely refers to a precious stone or jewel.
97ZEC39i5c3figs-metaphor0There are seven eyes on this single stoneThe sides or facets of the stone that reflect light are spoken of as if they are eyes. Alternate translation: “There are seven sides on this single stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98ZEC39l4bw0engrave“carve”
99ZEC39i5q1figs-metonymy0I will remove the sin from this land in one dayHere the word “land” represents the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “I will remove the sin of the people from this land in one day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100ZEC310a257figs-explicit0each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig treeBoth the “vine” and the “fig tree” are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. Alternate translation: “because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
101ZEC4introif680# Zechariah 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Visions<br>This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.
102ZEC41g1iyfigs-simile0roused me like a man roused from his sleepZechariah compares the way in which the angel interrupted his being in deep thought with the way someone would awaken another person from sleep. Alternate translation: “caused me to become more alert like a man awakened from his sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
103ZEC42nj7i0lamp wicksthe parts of a lamp that are lit on fire
104ZEC43n5h3figs-ellipsis0the left sideThe ellipsis in this phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “the left side of the bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
105ZEC45d96ufigs-rquestion0Do you not know what these things mean?The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these things mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
106ZEC46gn9k0Connecting Statement:The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
107ZEC46y1pwfigs-explicit0Not by might nor by powerSince there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate translation: “You will not succeed by might nor by power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
108ZEC46wt9sfigs-doublet0Not by might nor by powerThis could mean: (1) that the words “might” and “power” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Zerubbabels strength or (2) that the word “might” refers to military strength and the word “power” refers to Zerubbabels physical ability. Alternate translation: “Certainly not by your own strength” or “Not by military strength nor by your own power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
109ZEC47abe2figs-metaphor0What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plainThis is a metaphor in which Yahweh speaks of the obstacles that Zerubbabel will face as if they were a large mountain. He asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that these obstacles pose no threat to Zerubbabels success. The question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are nothing, great mountain! Zerubbabel will cause you to become a plain” or “Although obstacles may appear as large as mountains, Zerubbabel will overcome them as easily as one walks upon level ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
110ZEC47k6l1figs-explicit0he will bring out the top stoneThe top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate translation: “he will bring out the top stone of the temple” or “he will complete the construction of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111ZEC47cbj6figs-explicit0to shouts of Grace! Grace to it!This could mean: (1) the word “grace” refers to Gods grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate translation: “while people shout, May God bless it! May God bless it!’” or (2) the word “grace” refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate translation: “while people shout, Beautiful! It is beautiful!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
112ZEC48j4n70Connecting Statement:The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.
113ZEC48lpf1figs-idiom0The word of Yahweh came to me, sayingThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114ZEC49z7vefigs-synecdoche0The hands of Zerubbabel have laid … his hands will bring it to completionHere the word “hands” represents Zerubbabel. Alternate translation: “Zerubbabel has laid … he will bring it to completion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
115ZEC49gn3ufigs-metonymy0the foundation of this houseThe word “house” represents the temple. Alternate translation: “the foundation of this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116ZEC410w6q1figs-rquestion0Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoiceZechariah uses this rhetorical question to speak specifically about those who have “despised the day of small things.” It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Those who have despised the day of small things will rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
117ZEC410a9tcfigs-explicit0the day of small things“the time of small things.” This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate translation: “the time when progress was slow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
118ZEC410t9lp0plumb stoneThis refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.
119ZEC410ym4q0These seven lampsThis phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./02.md).
120ZEC410xm5jwriting-symlanguage0These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earthThe seven lamps symbolize the eyes of Yahweh, but they are not literally the eyes of Yahweh. The angel speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens on the earth as if his eyes roamed over the whole earth. Alternate translation: “These seven lamps represent the eyes of Yahweh, who sees everything that happens on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121ZEC411ac360these two olive treesThis refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in [Zechariah 4:2-3](./02.md).
122ZEC412t7zp0What are these two olive branchesHere Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.
123ZEC412brf20the two gold pipesThese pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariahs vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.
124ZEC412mv5r0golden oilHere “golden” refers to the color of the oil and does not mean that the oil was made of gold.
125ZEC413anh7figs-rquestion0Do you not know what these are?The angel asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that Zechariah should have known what these things mean. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you know what these are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
126ZEC414rx28writing-symlanguage0These are the sons of fresh olive oilThe branches symbolize these people, but they are not literally the people. Alternate translation: “These two branches represent the sons of fresh olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
127ZEC414j7glfigs-idiom0the sons of fresh olive oilThis idiom means that these men have been anointed with fresh olive oil. A person who is anointed is one whom Yahweh has chosen or appointed for a special duty. Alternate translation: “the anointed men” or “the men whom Yahweh has appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
128ZEC414a6x2figs-idiom0who stand before the LordThe idiom “stand before” means to be in a persons presence and to serve him. Alternate translation: “who serve the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
129ZEC5introx2ef0# Zechariah 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]])
130ZEC51xqx20Then I turnedThe word “I” refers to Zechariah.
131ZEC51gf8mfigs-synecdoche0lifted my eyesThe word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
132ZEC51ynu90beholdThe word “behold” here shows that Zechariah was surprised by what he saw.
133ZEC52gh1wtranslate-bdistance0twenty cubits long and ten cubits wideA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “9.2 meters long and 4.6 meters wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
134ZEC53c87q0General Information:The angel continues to speak with Zechariah.
135ZEC53lv5pfigs-metonymy0This is the curseThe word “this” refers to the scroll. The scroll is a metonym for what is written on the scroll. Alternate translation: “On this scroll is the curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136ZEC53mys3figs-idiom0that goes out over the surface of the whole landThe phrase “the surface of the whole land” refers to every place within the land. It is implied that the curse will apply to every person who lives in the land. Alternate translation: “that is upon every person within the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
137ZEC53iha6figs-metaphor0every thief will be cut off … everyone who swears a false oath will be cut offYahweh removing these people from the land is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, like a person would cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off every thief … Yahweh will cut off everyone who swears a false oath” or “Yahweh will remove every thief from the land … Yahweh will remove from the land everyone who swears a false oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
138ZEC53pu8h0what it says on the one side … what it says on the other side“what the scroll says on one side … what the scroll says on the other side”
139ZEC54jt2j0I will send it out“I will send out the curse”
140ZEC54alf7figs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
141ZEC54y2v5figs-metaphor0consume its timber and stonesThe curse destroying the houses of the thief and of the one who swears falsely is spoken of as if the curse would consume the building materials that people had used to build the houses. Alternate translation: “destroy its wood and stones” or “completely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
142ZEC55j4s3figs-synecdoche0Raise your eyesThe word “eyes” represents the person who looks. Alternate translation: “Look up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
143ZEC56mb23translate-bvolume0This is a basket containing an ephah that is comingAn “ephah” is a unit of measurement for dry materials and is equal to 22 liters. Here the word is a metonym for the container that would hold an ephah of dry material. Alternate translation: “This is a measuring basket that is coming” or “This is a large container that is coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144ZEC56bcy6writing-symlanguage0This is their iniquity in the whole landThe basket symbolizes the peoples iniquity, but it is not literally their iniquity. Alternate translation: “This basket represents the iniquity of the people throughout the whole land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
145ZEC57un6afigs-activepassive0a lead covering was lifted off the basketThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: someone lifted a lead covering off the basket” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
146ZEC57nn4h0there was a woman under it sitting in it“there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket”
147ZEC58xg5wwriting-symlanguage0This is WickednessThe woman represents wickedness. Alternate translation: “This woman represents wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
148ZEC58glc20He threw her … he threw the lead cover“He thrust her … he forced the lead cover.” The word “threw” indicates the force with which the angel did these things. He did not literally throw the woman or the cover.
149ZEC59zcp4figs-synecdoche0I lifted my eyesHere the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “I looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
150ZEC59mt2rfigs-idiom0wind was in their wingsThis idiom means that they were flying. Alternate translation: “they were flying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
151ZEC59gde60they had wings like a storks wingsA stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the womens wings with the size of the storks wings.
152ZEC59xf59figs-merism0They lifted up the basket between earth and heavenThe words “earth” and “heaven” form a merism that refer to the sky. It is implicit that the two women flew away with the basket. Alternate translation: “They lifted the basket up into the sky and flew away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153ZEC511dyi3figs-ellipsis0To build a temple in the land of Shinar for itThe ellipsis can be supplied from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “They are taking the basket to the land of Shinar to build a temple for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
154ZEC511un6qfigs-activepassive0the basket will be set thereThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will set the basket there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
155ZEC511gtm80on its prepared baseThe words “prepared base” refer to a pedestal or other kind of fixture upon which they will place the basket.
156ZEC6introz96r0# Zechariah 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose and tells the last vision of the four chariots in the first part of the chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 6:12-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Crown<br>The second part of the chapter is about a crown made for the high priest. This is an actual person, but the meaning of the word “branch” should be translated as his name. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Meaning of the visions<br>The visions are stated and even when the prophet asked for an explanation, their true meaning is often obscure. This uncertainty should remain in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
157ZEC61wvi1figs-synecdoche0lifted my eyesHere the word “eyes” represents the person who sees. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
158ZEC61zj810between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronzeSince the second phrase describes the mountains in the first phrase, the two phrases may be combined. Alternate translation: “between two bronze mountains”
159ZEC62tw1yfigs-explicit0The first chariot had red horsesIt is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate translation: “The first chariot had red horses pulling it” or “Red horses were pulling the first chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
160ZEC65j43mwriting-symlanguage0These are the four winds of heavenThe chariots symbolize the four winds of heaven, but they are not literally the four winds. Alternate translation: “These chariots represent the four winds of heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
161ZEC65cai50the four winds of heavenThis phrase refers to the four directions from which the wind blows: north, east, south, and west. However, some modern versions interpret this Hebrew expression to mean “four spirits.”
162ZEC65u5msfigs-idiom0standing before the Lord of all the earthThe idiom to “stand before” means to be in a persons presence and to serve him. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 4:14](../04/14.md). Alternate translation: “serving the Lord of all the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
163ZEC66v88q0the white horses are going out to the west countrySome modern versions interpret this Hebrew phrase to mean “the white horses are going out after them,” that is, following the black horses to the north country.
164ZEC66g5r6figs-metonymy0the white horses are … the spotted gray horses areHere the horses represent the chariots that they pull. Alternate translation: “the chariot with the white horses is … the chariot with the spotted gray horses is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165ZEC68ny4a0he called out to me“the angel called out to me”
166ZEC68n3x10Look at the ones“Look at the black horses”
167ZEC68c7ixfigs-metonymy0they will appease my spirit concerning the north countryThe words “my spirit” refer to Yahweh, so many translations change this to read “Yahwehs spirit.” This could mean: (1) the word “spirit” represents Yahwehs emotions and appeasing his spirit means that the chariots will cause Yahweh no longer to be angry with the north country Alternate translation: “they will calm my anger concerning the north country” or (2) the word “spirit” represents Yahwehs presence and the chariots will cause the Jews who live in the north land to experience Yahwehs blessings. Alternate translation: “they will cause my spirit to rest in the north country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168ZEC69jej6figs-idiom0the word of Yahweh came to me, sayingThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to me. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
169ZEC610fez9translate-names0Heldai, Tobijah, and JedaiahThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
170ZEC610m87p0this same day“today”
171ZEC611f66itranslate-names0JehozadakThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
172ZEC611x4hk0take the silver and gold, make a crown“make a crown with the silver and gold”
173ZEC612wn660Speak to him and say“Speak to Joshua and say”
174ZEC612ihw2figs-metaphor0his name is BranchThe word “Branch” refers to a messianic figure that would serve as king over Yahwehs people. Yahweh speaks of this person as if he were a branch that grows out from a tree. Since the word “Branch” is a title, it should be translated with an equivalent word in your language. See how you translated this name in [Zechariah 3:8](../03/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175ZEC612w53qfigs-metaphor0He will grow up where he isThe phrase “grow up” refers to the growth of a plant, and so continues the metaphor of this person as a “Branch.” This likely refers to this person appearing or coming into power as the one who would supervise the rebuilding of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176ZEC613lm520He will be a priest on his throneThis could mean: (1) the “Branch” will be both priest and king or (2) the “Branch” will be king, and another person will be a priest who will share the royal power. Alternate translation: “There will be a priest upon his throne”
177ZEC613uyq60he will bear a counsel of peace between the twoThe words “the two” refer to the roles of king and priest. The meaning of this phrase depends upon the meaning of the previous phrase. This could mean: (1) the “Branch” will faithfully carry out his duties as both priest and king and not forsake one in order to fulfill the other or (2) the “Branch” who serves as king and the other person who serves as a priest will each carry out their duties faithfully and they will work together in peace.
178ZEC614ea75figs-activepassive0The crown will givenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will give the crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
179ZEC614xn98translate-names0Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah … HenThese are the names of men. See how you translated these in [Zechariah 6:10](../06/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
180ZEC614f3px0for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorialSome modern versions interpret this phrase as “as a memorial to the generosity of the son of Zephaniah” or “as a memorial to the one who is gracious, the son of Zephaniah.” Also, some modern versions interpret the name “Hen” as meaning the name “Josiah.”
181ZEC615e6jpfigs-explicit0those who are far offThis refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
182ZEC615u2bzfigs-you0so you will knowThe word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
183ZEC615zqz3figs-metonymy0truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your GodHere to “listen” means to obey and the word “voice” represents the words that Yahweh speaks. Alternate translation: “truly obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
184ZEC7intromeb20# Zechariah 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fasting<br>This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land.
185ZEC71v1rztranslate-ordinal0on the fourth day“on day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
186ZEC71vut4translate-hebrewmonths0Kislev (which was the ninth month)“Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
187ZEC71t9mufigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh came to ZechariahThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
188ZEC72sb2ztranslate-names0Sharezer and Regem-MelekThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
189ZEC72y9hy0begHere the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
190ZEC72b1wifigs-metonymy0before the face of YahwehHere “face” is a metonym for Yahwehs presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
191ZEC73kg2p0They spoke … they saidThe word “they” refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek.
192ZEC73ty6ctranslate-ordinal0Should I mourn in the fifth month“Should I mourn in month 5.” The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
193ZEC73i8ej0by means of a fast“by fasting”
194ZEC74g84yfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, sayingThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
195ZEC75wdh2translate-ordinal0in the fifth and in the seventh month“in months 5 and 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
196ZEC75v5v5figs-ellipsis0in the fifthThe word “month” can be supplied in translation. Alternate translation: “in the fifth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
197ZEC75tfh8figs-explicit0in the seventh monthThe assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
198ZEC75d7zdfigs-explicit0for these seventy yearsThe assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
199ZEC75n3dwfigs-rquestion0were you truly fasting for me?This question is asked to make the people think about what their real reason for fasting had been. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you were not really fasting for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
200ZEC76p43p0When you ate and drankThis could mean: (1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or (2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.
201ZEC76ax5vfigs-rquestion0did you not eat and drink for yourselves?This question is used to make the people think about whether they were honoring Yahweh when they ate and drank. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “it was for yourselves that you ate and drank.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
202ZEC77qy27figs-rquestion0Were these not the same words … to the west?Yahweh uses a question to scold the people. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These are the same words … to the west.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
203ZEC77dqw4figs-metonymy0by the mouth of the former prophetsHere “mouth” is a metonym for the words spoken by the mouth. Alternate translation: “by the words of the former prophets” or “through the former prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
204ZEC77n8120you still inhabited Jerusalem“you still lived in Jerusalem”
205ZEC77vp7q0foothillshills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
206ZEC78jsk3figs-idiom0The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, sayingThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Zechariah. He said” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
207ZEC79v17gfigs-abstractnouns0Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercyThe abstract nouns “justice,” “faithfulness,” and “mercy” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “When you judge, be just, faithful to the covenant, and merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
208ZEC79k9pm0Let each man do thisThe word “this” refers to how a person should judge.
209ZEC710b2r90widowa woman whose husband has died
210ZEC710za7v0orphana child whose parents have died
211ZEC710ht310foreignersomeone who travels from his own land to a different land
212ZEC710jdb5figs-metonymy0let none of you plot any harm against another in your heartHere “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “you must not make plans to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
213ZEC711l8vzfigs-metaphor0set their shoulders stubbornlyThis is an image of an ox refusing to allow its owner to put a yoke on its shoulders. This metaphor represents the people being stubborn. Alternate translation: “became stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214ZEC711if1lfigs-metaphor0They stopped up their ears so they would not hearThis is an image of people putting something into their ears so they would not hear the message from Yahweh. This metaphor represents the people not being willing to hear and obey. Alternate translation: “They refused to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
215ZEC712ieh1figs-simile0They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hostsThe people refusing to hear and obey Yahweh are compared to their being as unyielding as rock. Here the heart represents the will of a person. Alternate translation: “They stubbornly refused to hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
216ZEC712j76s0in earlier times“in the past”
217ZEC712z4q7figs-metonymy0by the mouth of the prophetsHere the “mouth of the prophets” is a metonym for the words that the prophets speak. Alternate translation: “through the words of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
218ZEC714hga8figs-metaphor0I will scatter them with a whirlwindYahweh speaks of how he will scatter the people as if a whirlwind were scattering everything in its path. Alternate translation: “I will scatter them as a whirlwind scatters things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219ZEC714x4q60whirlwinda strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage
220ZEC714c1xg0delightful land“pleasant land” or “fruitful land”
221ZEC8introuri70# Zechariah 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])
222ZEC81eh47figs-idiom0The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, sayingThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
223ZEC82rx8t0I am passionate for Zion“I have a strong desire to protect Zion”
224ZEC82vc1cfigs-metonymy0for ZionHere “Zion” represents the people of Zion. Alternate translation: “for the people of Zion” or “for the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
225ZEC82w6qxfigs-explicit0with great angerThe implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate translation: “with great anger against her enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
226ZEC83m9rifigs-explicit0the mountain of Yahweh of hostsThe implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
227ZEC84nus30be in the streets of Jerusalem“be living in Jerusalem”
228ZEC84z297figs-explicit0in his hand because he has grown so oldPeople having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
229ZEC85y52e0The streets of the city will be fullThe public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities.
230ZEC86n3gafigs-metaphor0If something seems impossible in the eyes ofThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If something does not appear to be possible to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231ZEC86d5cx0the remnant of this people“the people of Judah who survive”
232ZEC86c478figs-metaphor0in my eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
233ZEC86kp58figs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
234ZEC87f4bzfigs-explicit0I am about to rescue my peopleThe implied information is that the people are in exile. “I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
235ZEC87x6hqfigs-merism0from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sunThis could mean: (1) this is a poetic way of expressing specific countries to which the people were exiled. Alternate translation: “From the land to the east and from the land to the west” or (2) this is a merism that means from all directions. Alternate translation: “from all lands in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
236ZEC88bcy7figs-abstractnouns0I will be their God in truth and in righteousnessThis can be rewritten to remove the abstract nouns “truth” and “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I will be their God. I will be faithful to them and act toward them in a just manner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
237ZEC89h94jfigs-idiom0Strengthen your handsThis is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “Be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
238ZEC810h2cs0For before those daysHere “those days” refers to the time the people of Judah started to rebuild the temple.
239ZEC810gp8k0no crops were gathered in“there were no crops to harvest”
240ZEC810z6fg0there was no profit for either man or beastIt was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it.
241ZEC810qe6afigs-merism0for anyone going or comingThis merism refers to all of lifes activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
242ZEC810uh2k0I had set every person each against his neighbor“I had turned everyone against each other”
243ZEC811cg9b0But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people“But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days”
244ZEC811pcv2figs-explicit0in former days“in the past.” The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
245ZEC811k5pgfigs-explicit0the remnant of this peopleThe implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate translation: “the people who returned from exile” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
246ZEC811ec3efigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
247ZEC812sdy1figs-activepassive0seeds of peace will be sownThis can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “the people will safely sow seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
248ZEC812nk96figs-metaphor0the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dewThe earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249ZEC812gq8d0inherit all these things“to have all these things”
250ZEC813y21mfigs-explicit0You were an example to the other nations of a curseThe implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
251ZEC813mk9ifigs-metonymy0house of Judah and house of IsraelThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “people of Judah and Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
252ZEC813sqv8figs-explicit0you will be a blessingThis could mean: (1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations” or (2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people” or (3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate translation: “I will give you many good things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
253ZEC813msq7figs-idiom0let your hands be strongThis is an idiom that means to be courageous for the work. Alternate translation: “be strong and courageous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
254ZEC813v8dufigs-metonymy0house of Judah and house of IsraelThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
255ZEC814z32e0do harm to you“punish you”
256ZEC814ry4z0provoked my anger“angered me”
257ZEC814pw4j0did not relent“did not decide to punish them less”
258ZEC815tg1afigs-metonymy0JerusalemThis is a metonym for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
259ZEC816r54n0that you must do“You” refers to the people of Judah.
260ZEC816iy65figs-abstractnouns0Speak truth, every person with his neighborThe abstract noun “truth” can be translated using the adjective “true.” Alternate translation: “Everyone must say only true things to his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
261ZEC816m4ld0his neighborHere “neighbor” means any person, not just someone who lives nearby.
262ZEC816u5kffigs-abstractnouns0Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gatesThis can be restated to remove the abstract nouns “truth,” “justice,” and “peace.” Alternate translation: “When you are making decisions in your gates, judge in a way that is true and just and causes people to live peacefully with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
263ZEC816k4ezfigs-explicit0in your gatesThe assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate translation: “in your places of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
264ZEC817l5whfigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
265ZEC818u3xtfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, sayingThis idiom is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts gave me a message. He said” or “Yahweh of hosts spoke this message to me, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
266ZEC818uuz10came to meHere “me” refers to Zechariah.
267ZEC819hr3xtranslate-ordinal0The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month“The fasts of months 4, 5, 7, and 10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
268ZEC819x9kpfigs-explicit0The fasts of the fourth monthThe assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
269ZEC819je6qfigs-explicit0the fifth monthThe assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
270ZEC819h4znfigs-explicit0the seventh monthThe assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
271ZEC819qk5afigs-explicit0the tenth monthThe assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
272ZEC819v6lsfigs-abstractnouns0times of joy, gladness, and happy festivalsThe abstract nouns “joy” and “gladness” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “joyful and glad times, with happy festivals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273ZEC819vyd5figs-metonymy0the house of JudahThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people in the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
274ZEC819c9gvfigs-abstractnouns0love truth and peaceThe abstract nouns “truth” and “peace” can be translated using adjectives. Alternate translation: “love what is truthful and peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
275ZEC820r5qffigs-explicit0People will come againThe implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate translation: “People will come again to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
276ZEC821rvs3figs-metonymy0will go to another cityThis is a metonym for the people in the other city. Alternate translation: “will go to the people of another city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
277ZEC821b98a0begHere the word “beg” means to plead or ask urgently.
278ZEC821k69qfigs-metonymy0before the face of YahwehHere “face” is a metonym for Yahwehs presence. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
279ZEC821szh9figs-metaphor0seek Yahweh of hostsThose who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280ZEC822nz8jfigs-metonymy0mighty nationsThis is a metonym for the people in the mighty nations. Alternate translation: “people of mighty nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
281ZEC823vw6jfigs-explicit0will grasp the hem of your robeThe implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate translation: “will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
282ZEC823ed1efigs-explicit0Let us go with youThe implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Let us go to Jerusalem with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
283ZEC823wc2l0God is with you“God is with you people”
284ZEC9introlyp20# Zechariah 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9-10.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecies against other nations<br>The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
285ZEC91gn780This is a declaration of Yahwehs word concerning“This is Yahwehs message about”
286ZEC91fjj8figs-metonymy0the land of Hadrak and DamascusHere “Hadrak” and “Damascus” refer to the people who live in those places. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hadrak and the city Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
287ZEC91xk5a0HadrakThe location of Hadrak is unknown today.
288ZEC91q7lh0its resting place“the resting place of the people of Hadrak”
289ZEC91fi2z0for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward YahwehSome versions translate this as “for Yahwehs eye is on all mankind and on the tribes of Israel.”
290ZEC91b62mfigs-metonymy0the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward YahwehHere “eyes” refers to what they look at. Alternate translation: “all humanity and all the tribes of Israel look toward Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
291ZEC92dbk5figs-metonymy0HamathThis refers to the people who live in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of the land of Hamath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
292ZEC92x51xfigs-metonymy0Tyre and SidonThis refers to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: “the people of Tyre and Sidon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
293ZEC92z6mifigs-irony0for they are very wiseThis could mean: (1) the people are wise for looking at Yahweh for help or (2) Zechariah did not really mean that the people of Hamath were wise and was using irony. Alternate translation: “though they think they are very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
294ZEC93vi9sfigs-personification0built herself a strongholdHere the city of Tyre is pictured as a woman. Alternate translation: “built a strong fortress” or “built a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
295ZEC93p2xvfigs-hyperbole0heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streetsYahweh exaggerates to emphasize how rich Tyre was. Alternate translation: “accumulated silver and gold as much as soil in the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
296ZEC94ps4e0Look! The Lord will dispossess herHere “Look!” tells the reader to pay attention to the important statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention! The Lord will take away Tyres possessions”
297ZEC94nf2afigs-metonymy0destroy her strength on the seaTyres “strength on the sea” refers to the ships that were used for commerce and conquest. Alternate translation: “destroy Tyres ships in which men fight on the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
298ZEC94rk76figs-activepassive0so she will be devoured by fireThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and enemies will burn the city to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
299ZEC95zx4kfigs-metonymy0Ashkelon … Gaza … Ekron, her hopesThese cities each refer to the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “The people of Ashkelon … the people of Gaza … the hopes of the people of Ekron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
300ZEC95ae330will see“will see Tyre be destroyed”
301ZEC96fmu20Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod“Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there”
302ZEC96r481figs-idiom0I will cut off the pride of the PhilistinesHere “cut off” is an idiom that means to stop their pride. Alternate translation: “I will make the Philistines to be proud of themselves no longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
303ZEC97efh7figs-metonymy0I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teethHere “blood” is a metonym for meat with blood in it, and “abominations” is a metonym for meat offered to idols. Alternate translation: “I will no longer allow them to eat meat that still has blood in it, and I will forbid them to eat food that they offered to idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
304ZEC98l2f6figs-metaphor0I will camp around my landGod is speaking about himself as if he were an army that was protecting his land. Alternate translation: “I will protect my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
305ZEC98lp3e0for now“For at that time”
306ZEC98gnt8figs-metonymy0I see with my own eyesHere “my own eyes” represent Yahwehs personal attention. Alternate translation: “I will personally watch over my land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
307ZEC99iqk30General Information:Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
308ZEC99u6p1figs-parallelism0Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem!These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
309ZEC99apz50daughter of Zion … daughter of Jerusalem“Zion” is the same as “Jerusalem.” The prophet speaks of the city as if it is a daughter. See how you translated “daughter of Zion” in [Zechariah 2:10](../02/10.md).
310ZEC99sey90Behold!This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the surprising statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Pay attention!” or “Here is a surprising fact!”
311ZEC99ke7v0Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you“Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you”
312ZEC99kjw8figs-doublet0on a donkey, on the colt of a donkeyThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to one animal. The second phrase clarifies that this is a young donkey. Alternate translation: “on a young donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
313ZEC910ca4d0cut off the chariot from EphraimHere “cut off” is an idiom that means to destroy. Alternate translation: “destroy the chariots in Israel that are used for battle”
314ZEC910f5svfigs-explicit0the horse from JerusalemThe references to “chariot” and “bow” means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the warhorses in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
315ZEC910n8pyfigs-synecdoche0the bow will be cut off from battleHere the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate translation: “all weapons of war will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
316ZEC910xh6qfigs-metonymy0for he will speak peace to the nationsHere the action of announcing peace represents the action of making peace. Alternate translation: “for your king will bring peace to the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
317ZEC910m1effigs-doublet0his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth!The phrases “sea to sea” and “from the River to the ends of the earth” mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will be over all the earth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
318ZEC910rij40the RiverThis probably refers to the Euphrates River.
319ZEC911w1wr0General Information:Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.
320ZEC911tj3z0As for youHere “you” is singular, and continues to refer to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
321ZEC911n83kfigs-metaphor0the pit where there is no waterThis dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
322ZEC912g5c5figs-metaphor0Return to the strongholdJerusalem is spoken of as a place of safety. Alternate translation: “Come back to your nation where you will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
323ZEC912v54r0prisoners of hopeThis expression refers to the Israelites in exile who were still trusting in God to rescue them. Alternate translation: “prisoners who still hope in Yahweh”
324ZEC912xt6s0return double to you“return to you twice as much as was taken from you”
325ZEC913sjg30ZionThis refers to the city of Jerusalem, also called “Zion.”
326ZEC913mwe7figs-metaphor0I have bent Judah as my bowThe people of Judah are referred to as if they were a bow carried by God into battle. Here “Judah” refers to the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “I will cause the people of Judah to be like my bow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
327ZEC913ki73figs-metaphor0filled my quiver with EphraimYahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldiers arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
328ZEC913es7kfigs-metonymy0I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, GreeceGod is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
329ZEC914h8w90General Information:In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
330ZEC914ms120will appear to themThe word “them” refers to Gods people. Alternate translation: “will be seen in the sky by his people” or “will come to his people”
331ZEC914j3mbfigs-simile0his arrows will shoot out like lightning!The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
332ZEC914qh4y0blow the trumpetThe trumpets were rams horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal.
333ZEC914cdu90will advance with the storms from TemanTeam was located to the south of Judah. The Israelites sometimes thought of God as traveling on violent storms coming from the south. Alternate translation: “will march from Teman with the storm winds”
334ZEC915rq950they will devour them“the people of Judah will devour their enemies”
335ZEC915l59ufigs-metaphor0will devourTo completely defeat enemies is spoken of as devouring them as a wild animal eats its prey. Alternate translation: “will completely defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
336ZEC915fq6xfigs-metonymy0defeat the stones of the slingsSlings to throw stones were a common weapon in the days of Zechariah. Here the “stones of the slings” represent the soldiers who were using them to attack Israel. Alternate translation: “defeat the enemies who attack them with slings and stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
337ZEC915ure5figs-simile0Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wineThe people of Judah will shout and celebrate their victory over their enemies as if they were noisy drunks. Alternate translation: “Then they will shout and celebrate their victory as loudly as if they were drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
338ZEC915t8ngfigs-simile0they will be filled with wine like bowlsThis probably refers to the bowls that the priests used to carry animals blood to the altar. Alternate translation: “they will be as full of wine as the basins with which priests carry blood to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
339ZEC915h8j2figs-simile0like the corners of the altarAltars had projecting corners that were drenched in animal blood. Alternate translation: “they will be drenched as the corners of the altar are covered in blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
340ZEC916t4gy0General Information:In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.
341ZEC916i4qwfigs-simile0God will rescue them … as the flock of his peopleThe people of Israel are spoken of as if they are Gods sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
342ZEC916kyv5figs-metaphor0They are the jewels of a crownThe people of Israel are spoken of as if they were the expensive jewels in the crown of a king that show how glorious he is. Alternate translation: “They will be like beautiful stones in a crown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343ZEC917udt9figs-exclamations0How good and how beautiful they will be!This is an exclamation, and not a question. Alternate translation: “They will be very good and beautiful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
344ZEC917rzm2figs-parallelism0The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine!This sentence uses a parallel structure to express that everyone will have plenty to eat and drink. If your readers might think that only the men ate and only the women drank, you may want to adjust the wording. Alternate translation: “All of the people, both men and women, will have plenty of grain to eat and sweet wine to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
345ZEC917uf1pfigs-parallelism0The young men … the virginsThese two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
346ZEC917x8zqfigs-parallelism0grain … sweet wineThese two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
347ZEC10introjmh90# Zechariah 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Redemption<br>This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])
348ZEC101v7qp0General Information:Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
349ZEC101ybt50vegetation in the field“causes plants to grow in the field”
350ZEC102wcl50household idols speak falsely“household idols give false messages.” Zechariah is not suggesting that idols actually speak. He is referring to the messages people say they hear from idols. The UST makes this explicit.
351ZEC102tc8c0diviners envision a lie“diviners see false visions”
352ZEC102e8gufigs-explicit0they tell deceitful dreamsIt is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
353ZEC102xi1f0empty comfortThis refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.
354ZEC102nb46figs-simile0they wander like sheepThe people who do not have true prophets who tell the truth are spoken of as sheep who do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets are like sheep who do not know which way to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
355ZEC102zr2efigs-simile0they … suffer because there is no shepherdThe people who do not have true prophets are spoken of as sheep who suffer because they do not have a shepherd to tell them where to go. Alternate translation: “the people who listen to the false prophets … are suffering like sheep who do not have a shepherd to guide them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
356ZEC103e9x10General Information:It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
357ZEC103iq7ufigs-metaphor0My wrath burns against the shepherdsHere “the shepherds” represent the leaders of Gods people. The intensity of Yahwehs anger is spoken of as if it was a blazing fire. Alternate translation: “My anger toward the shepherds of my people is as intense as a fire” or “I am very angry with the leaders of my people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
358ZEC103ir6nfigs-metaphor0it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punishMale goats are typically more dominant than female goats. Here “male goats” represents the oppressive leaders of Gods people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
359ZEC103r33n0Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of JudahHere Yahwehs care for his people is spoken of as a shepherd cares for his sheep. Alternate translation: “Yahweh of hosts will take care of the house of Judah as a shepherd cares for his sheep”
360ZEC103t1tcfigs-metonymy0the house of JudahThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the people of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
361ZEC103dd5gfigs-metaphor0make them like his warhorse in battleYahweh changes the metaphor for his people from defenseless sheep to a mighty war horse. He speaks of his people as if they were a strong horse in battle. Alternate translation: “will cause them to be strong like war horses in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
362ZEC104l1sr0General Information:It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.
363ZEC104se8ufigs-metaphor0From Judah will come the cornerstone“The cornerstone will come from Judah.” The most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main foundation stone of a building. Alternate translation: “One of the descendants of Judah will become the most important ruler” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
364ZEC104xep2writing-symlanguage0the cornerstone … the tent peg … the war bowThis could mean: (1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or (2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
365ZEC104q653figs-metaphor0from him will come the tent peg“the tent peg will come from him.” The tent pegs held the ropes that supported tents in which people lived. Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the main peg that holds a tent in place. Alternate translation: “the leader who will hold the nation together will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
366ZEC104mgt1figs-metaphor0from him will come the war bow“the war bow will come from him.” Here the most important ruler is spoken of as if he where the a war bow that was used in battle. Alternate translation: “the military leader will come from Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
367ZEC104cw1m0from him will come every ruler together“every ruler will come from Judah”
368ZEC105sg3zfigs-simile0They will be like warriors … streets in battleThe rulers from Judah are spoken of as if they were victorious warriors. Alternate translation: “They will be mighty in battle, trampling their enemies into the mud of the streets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
369ZEC105f7n7figs-idiom0who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battleTo trample them into the mud is an idiom that means to completely defeat them. Alternate translation: “who defeat their enemies completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
370ZEC105xrr5figs-idiom0Yahweh is with themHere “with them” is an idiom that means he is present to help them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
371ZEC105a47dfigs-metonymy0they will shame those who ride warhorsesHere shame accompanies and represents defeat. Alternate translation: “they will defeat their enemies who ride warhorses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
372ZEC106skk50General Information:In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
373ZEC106tf8lfigs-metonymy0the house of JudahThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Judah, which included the descendants of Judah and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “Judah” or “the kingdom of Judah” or “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
374ZEC106q4ynfigs-metonymy0the house of JosephThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “Israel” or “the kingdom of Israel” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
375ZEC106b62vfigs-metaphor0I had not cast them offThis speaks of the people as a torn or dirty garment that Yahweh took off and threw away. This symbolizes rejection. Alternate translation: “I had not rejected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
376ZEC107zfa5figs-simile0Ephraim will be like a warrior“Ephraim” refers here to the northern kingdom of Israel. Warriors are strong. Alternate translation: “Ephraim will be very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
377ZEC107pg8lfigs-synecdoche0their hearts will rejoice as with wineHere “hearts” refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate translation: “and they will be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
378ZEC107u9gr0their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me!“their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!”
379ZEC108rt4z0General Information:In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
380ZEC108h3zu0I will whistleTo whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.
381ZEC109a419figs-metaphor0I sowed them among the peoplesThe exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
382ZEC1010qvy90until there is no more room for themThe people will continue to go back to Judah and it will become crowded with no room for any more people to live there. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and they will completely fill the land”
383ZEC1011gh3n0General Information:In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
384ZEC1011kec9figs-metaphor0I will pass through the sea of their afflictionScripture often refers to the sea as an image of many troubles and hardships. Here Yahweh speaks of himself accompanying the people to help them go through these afflictions. Alternate translation: “I will go with them and help them as they go through their many afflictions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
385ZEC1011sq3efigs-idiom0I will strike the waves of that seaHere to “strike” the waves is an idiom that means he will stop the waves from forming. Stopping the afflictions of his people is spoken of as calming the waves of that sea. Alternate translation: “I will cause the waves of that sea of affliction to stop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
386ZEC1011ve5n0will dry up all the depths of the Nile“I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water”
387ZEC1011h8a4figs-metonymy0The majesty of Assyria will be brought downHere “the majesty of Assyria” probably refers to the Assyrian army. Alternate translation: “I will destroy Assyrias proud army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
388ZEC1011g3sxfigs-metonymy0the scepter of Egypt will go away from the EgyptiansHere “the scepter of Egypt” refers to the political power of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the power of Egypt to rule other nations will end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
389ZEC1012wnc70I will strengthen them in myself“I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me”
390ZEC1012dh7yfigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
391ZEC11introup7e0# Zechariah 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter unlike the previous one is a warning against the leaders amongst the exiles.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 11:1-3, 17.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>This chapter uses an extended metaphor of sheep and shepherds to convey Yahwehs dismay at the leaders during the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Symbolism<br>The writer uses symbolism. Zechariah is told to become a shepherd. He uses two staffs and names them “Unity” and “Favor.” He does this very purposefully. In order to preserve this symbolism, it is important to pay attention to the specific words used. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
392ZEC111d6vmfigs-metaphor0Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devourNot resisting what is about to happen is spoken of as if Lebanon were opening its doors. Here “Lebanon” is a metonym that represents the people of Lebanon. Alternate translation: “People of Lebanon, get ready, because fire will devour” or “People of Lebanon, do not try to stop the fire that will devour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
393ZEC111kmf3figs-metaphor0fire may devour your cedarsFire completely burning up the cedars is spoken of as if the fire would devour the cedars. Alternate translation: “fire may completely destroy your cedars” or “fire may completely burn up your cedars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
394ZEC112fu2kfigs-personification0Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallenCypress trees are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the trees were people, they would cry out in sorrow. The cypress trees stand alone because the cedars have burned and fallen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
395ZEC112fq53figs-activepassive0What was majestic has been devastatedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The majestic cedar trees are no more” or “The cedar trees were once majestic, but now they are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
396ZEC112gbt2figs-personification0Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down.The oaks of Bash are spoken of as if they could grieve like a human. Alternate translation: “If the oak trees in Bashan were people, they would wail, for their thick forests are gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
397ZEC113pb1q0The shepherds howl“The shepherds cry out loudly”
398ZEC113ji77figs-metonymy0for their glory has been destroyedHere “their glory” probably represents the rich pastures that the shepherds led their sheep to. Alternate translation: “for their rich pastures are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
399ZEC113h9clfigs-metonymy0for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastatedHere “the pride” probably represents the forests that grew near the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “because the trees and shrubbery where they lived by the Jordan River are ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
400ZEC114zxx9translate-symaction0General Information:In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
401ZEC114u48q0watch over the flock set aside for slaughter“take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter”
402ZEC115ip1wfigs-activepassive0are not punishedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
403ZEC116ljs6figs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
404ZEC116f3ps0See!“Listen!” or “Pay attention!”
405ZEC116t499figs-rpronouns0I myselfThe word “myself” is used to emphasize that it is Yahweh who will do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
406ZEC116qz87figs-metonymy0turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his kingHere “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “allow the people to harm each other and the king will oppress them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
407ZEC116sr77figs-metonymy0none of them will I deliver them from their handHere “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “I will not save them from those who are harming them” or “I will not rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
408ZEC117jsk40for those who dealt in sheep“for those who bought and sold sheep”
409ZEC117gy5l0FavorOther versions of the Bible translate this word as “grace,” “beauty,” or “pleasant.”
410ZEC118kqz70I became impatient with them,This could mean: (1) “them” refers to the three shepherds or (2) “them” refers to the sheep owners.
411ZEC119cnt4figs-activepassive0the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the sheep that are perishing—let them perish” or “the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
412ZEC1111m881figs-activepassive0the covenant was brokenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the covenant ended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
413ZEC1111ve5pfigs-explicit0knew that Yahweh had spokenIt is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate translation: “knew that Yahweh had given them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
414ZEC1112x7frfigs-explicit0thirty pieces of silverIt is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate translation: “only thirty pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
415ZEC1112zf3atranslate-numbers0thirty pieces“30 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
416ZEC1113e1ta0General Information:The parable about shepherds and sheep continues.
417ZEC1113dv1a0treasuryThis is the place in the temple of Yahweh where the priests kept the money. Many versions of the Bible translate this as “potter.” This is the person who would melt metal to make vessels out of it. Here Yahweh would mean that the payment is so small that the shepherd should have the silver melted to show how insulted he was.
418ZEC1113ye4ffigs-irony0the excellent priceYahweh uses irony to say that this price was very small for a shepherd doing Yahwehs work. Alternate translation: “the ridiculously small amount of money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
419ZEC1114js8tfigs-metonymy0between Judah and IsraelHere “Judah” represents the people of the southern kingdom and “Israel” represents the people of the northern kingdom. Alternate translation: “between the people of Judah and the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
420ZEC1115q7l8translate-symaction0General Information:This continues the story about two shepherds that began in [Zechariah 11:4](../11/04.md). This could mean: (1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or (2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
421ZEC1116t1g5figs-idiom0I am about to set in place a shepherd in the landHere “set in place” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I am about to appoint a shepherd in the land” or “I am about to put a shepherd in charge in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
422ZEC1116qq2g0the fattened sheep“the fattest sheep” or “the best sheep”
423ZEC1116wwi60will tear off their hoovesThis was probably done as an act of cruelty.
424ZEC1117wum9figs-metonymy0May the swordHere “sword” represents enemies who will attack the shepherd. Alternate translation: “May enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
425ZEC1117zwk6figs-idiom0come against his arm and his right eyeHere “come against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strike and wound his right arm and pierce his right eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
426ZEC1117gqb9figs-metonymy0his armHere “arm” represents the power to fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
427ZEC1117c27hfigs-explicit0his right eyeA soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
428ZEC1117h47i0his arm wither away“his arm waste away” or “his arm become completely useless”
429ZEC12introcr4a0# Zechariah 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br>Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])
430ZEC121vy110General Information:These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
431ZEC121mz3sfigs-metaphor0who stretched out the skiesThis is a metaphor that speaks of the sky as if it were like a scroll that is rolled up and needs to be stretched out. Alternate translation: “the one who created the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
432ZEC121gzl6figs-metaphor0laid the foundation of the earthThis is a metaphor that speaks of the earth as if it were a building with a foundation. Alternate translation: “put all the earth into place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
433ZEC121gnm50fashions the spirit of mankind within manThis is a metaphor that speaks of the spirit as if it were like clay that a potter shapes. Alternate translation: “creates the human spirit”
434ZEC122ez4wfigs-metaphor0I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup … to stagger aboutYahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if Yahweh would make Jerusalem a cup full of an alcoholic drink that will cause the surrounding peoples to get drunk and stagger. Alternate translation: “Soon it will be like I make Jerusalem into a cup … to stagger about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
435ZEC122s5lxfigs-metonymy0into a cupHere “cup” represents the cup and the contents within the cup. Alternate translation: “into a cup full of wine” or “into a cup full of an alcoholic drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
436ZEC122h8snfigs-personification0surrounding herHere “her” refers to the city of Jerusalem. It was common in Hebrew to speak of a city or country as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
437ZEC123u546figs-metaphor0I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoplesYahweh using Jerusalem to punish the surrounding peoples is spoken of as if he would make Jerusalem a heavy stone. Alternate translation: “It will be like I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
438ZEC124h97f0General Information:These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
439ZEC124w42zfigs-metaphor0Over the house of Judah I will open my eyesOpening eyes over someone here is a metaphor for wanting to do good things for that person. Alternate translation: “I will do good things for the house of Judah” or “I will protect the house of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
440ZEC124jgj7figs-metonymy0the house of JudahHere “house” represents people. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441ZEC125g3n8figs-metonymy0say in their heartsHere “hearts” represents a persons mind. Alternate translation: “think to themselves” or “say to themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
442ZEC125w95zfigs-abstractnouns0are our strengthThe abstract noun “strength” can be stated as “strong” or “encourage.” Alternate translation: “make us strong” or “encourage us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
443ZEC125u38m0Yahweh of hosts, their God“Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship”
444ZEC126t6hr0General Information:This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
445ZEC126zv3yfigs-simile0like firepots among wood … standing grainThis simile means Yahweh will enable the leaders of Judah to be strong and able to lead the people to defeat their enemies. Alternate translation: “like firepots among stacked firewood … unharvested stalks of grain standing in a field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
446ZEC126cjb80firepotsclay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals
447ZEC126vm570flaming torcha wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere
448ZEC126iv6nfigs-metaphor0will consume all the surrounding peoplesCompletely destroying the peoples is spoken of as if the people of Judah will “devour” them. Alternate translation: “will destroy the surrounding peoples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
449ZEC126l53tfigs-merism0on their right and on their leftHere “right” and “left” represent every direction. Alternate translation: “in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
450ZEC126hh2lfigs-metonymy0Jerusalem will again live in her own placeHere “Jerusalem” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “The people of Jerusalem will again live in their own city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
451ZEC127qxb10General Information:These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.
452ZEC127nba7figs-metonymy0the tents of JudahHere “tents” represents homes, and homes represent the people who live in them. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453ZEC127h87nfigs-metonymy0the house of DavidThis could mean: (1) the descendants of David or (2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
454ZEC128ys6nfigs-simile0those who are weak among them will be like DavidThis simile means those who are weak will be strong. Alternate translation: “those who are weak will be strong like David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
455ZEC128zz250the angel of YahwehThis is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.
456ZEC1210f9d7figs-metaphor0I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of JerusalemCausing the people to be compassionate and to plead is spoken of as if the spirit were a liquid that Yahweh would pour on them. Alternate translation: “I will cause the house of David and inhabitants of Jerusalem to have mercy on others and to pray to me for mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
457ZEC1210dtc60a spirit of compassion and pleadingHere this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading.
458ZEC1210c3sxfigs-metonymy0the house of DavidHere “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
459ZEC1210zpa30the one they have pierced“the one whom they stabbed to death”
460ZEC1210rxx7figs-ellipsis0for an only sonIt is understood that the “son” has died. Alternate translation: “for an only son who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
461ZEC1211mcu4translate-names0the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad RimmonHadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
462ZEC1211qg93translate-names0MegiddoThis is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
463ZEC1212jj6qfigs-metonymy0The land will mournThis represents all the people living in the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the people in the land of Judah will mourn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
464ZEC1212qth7figs-metonymy0The clan of the house of David … The clan of the house of NathanHere “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of David … The descendants of Nathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
465ZEC1213r6fcfigs-metonymy0The clan of the house of LeviHere “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Levi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
466ZEC13introjz2l0# Zechariah 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written partly in prose and partly in poetry.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 13:7-9.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
467ZEC131f2a5figs-metaphor0a spring will be opened … for their sin and impurityForgiving the peoples sins is spoken of as if a spring of water will wash away their sins. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will be like a spring opens … to cleanse their sin and impurity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
468ZEC131f3zc0a springa place where water flows naturally out of the ground
469ZEC131s36vfigs-metonymy0the house of DavidHere “house” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
470ZEC132x2wtfigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
471ZEC132v452figs-metaphor0I will cut off the names of the idols from the landCausing the people to no longer mention the names of idols is spoken of as if Yahweh would “cut off the names of the idols from the land.” Alternate translation: “I will cause the people to no longer mention the names of the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
472ZEC132u9uefigs-idiom0they will no longer be rememberedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they no longer think about the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
473ZEC132mck6figs-metaphor0I will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the landThe prophets may refer to “false prophets.” The spirit of impurity is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “I will also remove from the land the false prophets and their evil spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
474ZEC133l7gbfigs-explicit0to prophesyIt is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate translation: “to prophesy falsely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
475ZEC133rx4lfigs-distinguish0his father and mother who bore himThe phrase “who bore him” describes “his father and mother” in order to express surprise that someones own parents would treat him in this way. Alternate translation: “his own father and mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
476ZEC133s24k0You will not liveThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must die”
477ZEC133w2sbfigs-metonymy0you speak lies in the name of YahwehSpeaking in the name of someone means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. Alternate translation: “you claim to speak for Yahweh but you speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
478ZEC133bap10will pierce“will stab and kill him”
479ZEC134u383figs-explicit0each prophetThis implies false prophets. Alternate translation: “every false prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
480ZEC134jx8dfigs-explicit0no longer wear a hairy cloakProphets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
481ZEC135wud80I am a man who works the soil“I am a farmer”
482ZEC135ip2z0the land became my work while I was still a young man“I became a farmer when I was young.” Some versions of the Bible translate this as “a man sold me as a slave when I was young.”
483ZEC136q1ggfigs-explicit0What are these wounds between your arms?“How did you get those cuts on your chest?” This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
484ZEC136f1cffigs-explicit0he will answerIt is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate translation: “he will lie to him saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
485ZEC137l7mcwriting-poetry0General Information:Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
486ZEC137c9hlfigs-personification0Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd“You, sword! Go and attack my shepherd.” Here Yahweh speaks to a sword as if it were a person. Here it represents enemies. Alternate translation: “You, enemies! Go and attack my shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
487ZEC137z2t4figs-metaphor0my shepherdThis speaks of a servant of Yahweh as if he were a shepherd. Alternate translation: “my servant who is like a shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
488ZEC137r27cfigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hostsYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh of hosts has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh of hosts, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
489ZEC137ttv9figs-metaphor0the flock will scatterThe people of God are spoken of as if they were sheep. Alternate translation: “my people will run away like sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490ZEC137kp5pfigs-idiom0I will turn my hand against the lowly onesThe idiom “turn my hand against” means to act hostile towards someone. Alternate translation: “I will attack the lowly ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
491ZEC137tys60the lowly onesThis probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless.
492ZEC138u8xdfigs-metaphor0that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain therePeople being killed is spoken of as if they are cut off like cloth is cut from a garment or a branch is cut from a plant. Alternate translation: “that two out of every three people will die! Only one person out of three will remain in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
493ZEC139ac7vfigs-metaphor0I will bring that third through the fireMetal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
494ZEC139h19lfigs-metaphor0refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is testedRefining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
495ZEC139ru4efigs-metonymy0They will call on my nameHere “name” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “They will call out to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
496ZEC14introljq30# Zechariah 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written in prose about Jerusalem during the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Last days<br><br>Zechariah often speaks of the last days by using the phrase “that day” or “in that day.” When referencing a future “day,” the translator should be aware that it is possible that the author is speaking about the last days.
497ZEC141zs1r0General Information:This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.
498ZEC141a7h2figs-metaphor0A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midstA future time is spoken of as if “a day is coming.” The phrase “will be divided” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soon Yahweh will judge you, and he will allow your enemies to take all of your possessions and divide if for themselves while you watch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
499ZEC142q4hufigs-hyperbole0I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battleHere “every nation” is a generalization that means “many nations.” Alternate translation: “I will cause many nations to attack Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
500ZEC142qi2nfigs-activepassive0the city will be capturedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your enemies will capture the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
501ZEC142lk8afigs-activepassive0The houses will be plundered and the women rapedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Enemies will plunder the houses and rape the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
502ZEC142cej1figs-activepassive0the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the cityNot removing people from the city is spoken of as if the people will not be “cut off.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your enemies will allow the remaining people to stay in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
503ZEC143l9z10General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.
504ZEC143m5ez0as when he wages war on the day of battle“just as he fought battles in the past”
505ZEC144v1g40On that day“At that time”
506ZEC144ak3rfigs-synecdoche0his feet will stand on the Mount of OlivesHere “feet” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he will stand on the Mount of Olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
507ZEC144kpm4figs-activepassive0The Mount of Olives will be split … by a very great valleyThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The presences of Yahweh will split the Mount of Olives … causing there to be a very great valley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
508ZEC145x9i70General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
509ZEC145u952figs-you0you will fleeHere “you” is plural and refers to the people of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
510ZEC145n9740between Yahwehs mountainsThis refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.
511ZEC145q9u5translate-names0AzelThis is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
512ZEC145d8lyfigs-explicit0You will flee just as you fledHere “You will” refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, “you fled” refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate translation: “You will flee just as your ancestors fled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
513ZEC145n1lhfigs-idiom0in the days of Uzziah, king of JudahHere “in the days” is an idiom that refers to the time when Uzziah was king. Alternate translation: “when Uzziah was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
514ZEC145mw1g0the holy onesThis probably refers to Gods angels.
515ZEC146g29k0General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
516ZEC146qjd10On that day“At that time”
517ZEC146z2knfigs-explicit0there will be no lightIt is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate translation: “there will be no light from the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
518ZEC147yli2figs-activepassive0a day known only to YahwehThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “only Yahweh knows when that day will begin” or “only Yahweh knows when that time will begin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
519ZEC148v254figs-idiom0living watersThis normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
520ZEC148wpw50the eastern seaThis refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.
521ZEC148uks50the western seaThis refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
522ZEC149k9gf0General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
523ZEC149r6nifigs-metonymy0there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name aloneHere “name” represents Yahwehs reputation or character. Alternate translation: “people will know that Yahweh is the only true God” or “people will only worship Yahweh, the one true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
524ZEC1410wmv3figs-explicit0All the landIt is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate translation: “All the land of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
525ZEC1410sj4ytranslate-names0ArabahThis is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
526ZEC1410sxq5translate-names0GebaThis is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
527ZEC1410rz4ctranslate-names0RimmonThis is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
528ZEC1410uk8ugrammar-connect-words-phrases0Jerusalem will continue to be raised upThis contrasts Jerusalem, which will remain at a higher elevation, to the surrounding area, which is lower in elevation. The contrast can be indicated by adding the word “but.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But, Jerusalem will remain high up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
529ZEC1410eay1translate-names0the Benjamin Gate … the first gate … the Corner GateThese are names of gates in the northeast part of city wall of Jerusalem. This could mean: (1) “the first gate” and “the Corner Gate” refer to the same gate or (2) “the first gate” and “the Corner gate” are separate gates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
530ZEC1410t1rwtranslate-names0the Tower of HananelThis refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
531ZEC1410rki8figs-explicit0the kings winepressesThis probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
532ZEC1411gbk1figs-metonymy0Jerusalem will live in safetyHere “Jerusalem” represents the people. Alternate translation: “The people will live safely in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
533ZEC1412qiz50General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
534ZEC1412wg9q0even as they are standing on their feet“while they are still standing up.” This emphasizes how quickly their flesh will rot away. They will not even have time to lie down.
535ZEC1413w6frfigs-abstractnouns0that great fear from Yahweh will come among themThe abstract noun “fear” can be stated as “terrified.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause the people to be very terrified” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
536ZEC1413yl73figs-idiom0Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of anotherThese are idioms that refer to being hostile towards another person. Alternate translation: “Each person will grab someone, and they will fight each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
537ZEC1414jps40General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
538ZEC1414n8dyfigs-metonymy0Judah will also fight against JerusalemHere “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people that live there. Alternate translation: “Even the other people in Judah will fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
539ZEC1414h6q80Judah will also fight against JerusalemSome versions of the Bible read, “Judah will also fight at Jerusalem.”
540ZEC1414up2x0They will gather the wealth“They will capture all the valuable possessions”
541ZEC1414q4110in great abundance“in great quantities”
542ZEC1416wx980General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
543ZEC1416rf9tfigs-idiom0that came against JerusalemHere “came against” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that attacked Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
544ZEC1416y2h60will instead go up from year to year“will instead go to Jerusalem every year”
545ZEC1416ryt40the Festival of Shelters“the Festival of Tabernacles” or “the Festival of Booths” or “the Festival of Tents”
546ZEC1418q1tmfigs-metaphor0A plague from Yahweh will attack the nationsCausing people to suffer from a plague is spoken of as if the plague would attack the people like an army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause a plague among the people of the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
547ZEC1419ai960General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
548ZEC1420q1hq0General Information:These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.
549ZEC1420j9sd0the bells of the horses will say“the inscription on the bells of the horses will say”
550ZEC1420ez1ifigs-explicit0the basins in Yahwehs houseThese basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: “the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
551ZEC1420c8cdfigs-explicit0will be like the bowls before the altarIt is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate translation: “will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
552ZEC1421q2990every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hostsVarious types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else.
553ZEC1421qfn5figs-explicit0traders will no longer be in the house of YahwehIt was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate translation: “people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
554ZEC1421hw3t0tradersSome versions of the Bible translate “traders” as “Canaanites.”