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472 KiB
| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
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| 2 | EXO | front | intro | b4pp | הָאָבְנָ֑יִם | 1 | # Introduction to Exodus<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Exodus<br><br>1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–12)<br><br>* First genealogy (1:1–6)<br>* Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22)<br>* Moses’ history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26)<br>* Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13)<br>* Second genealogy (6:14–27)<br>* Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25)<br>* The plagues (8:1–11:10)<br><br>1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30)<br>2. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27)<br><br>* The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:31–50, 13:1–22)<br>* Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27)<br><br>1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40)<br><br>* Preparing for the covenant (19:1–25)<br>* The Ten Commandments (20:1–17)<br>* The covenant described (20:18–23:33)<br>* The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:1–18)<br>* Design of the tabernacle and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; tabernacle functions (25:1–31:18)<br>* The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:1–33:22)<br>* The covenant described again (34:1–35)<br>* Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31) and priestly garments (39:1–43, 40:1–33)<br>* The cloud (40:34–38)<br><br>### What is the Book of Exodus about?<br><br>Exodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham’s descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called “Israel,” was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.<br><br>The Book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the tabernacle. The tabernacle was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>“Exodus” means “exit” or “departure.” Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, “About the Israelites Leaving Egypt” or “How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Exodus?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.<br><br>### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?<br><br>Moses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was the most powerful nation at that time. And Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people and they should worship him.<br><br>### How does the Book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?<br><br>The Book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the Jewish Passover?<br><br>The Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued them from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt.<br><br>### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel?<br><br>The law of Moses instructed the people of Israel what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the tabernacle.<br><br>### What did it mean that Israel was to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation” ([19:6](../19/06.md) ULT)?<br><br>Israel was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different than all the other nations of the world. These other nations worshiped many false gods.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Thus says Yahweh<br><br>This phrase is used many times in the Old Testament to introduce Yahweh’s speech. Your team should pick a standard translation. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more.<br><br>### Pharaoh’s stubborn heart<br><br>Between chapters 4-14 there are 18 cases where Pharaoh’s heart is described as strong (11x), heavy (6x), or hard (1x) (and one where it is the Egyptians’ hearts.) This is a metaphor for being stubborn, that is, being unwilling to obey Yahweh or even to do what is clearly in his own and Egypt’s best interest. Many cultures have a similar metaphor, but not all will use the same body part. Within these cases, ten times Yahweh makes Pharaoh/the Egyptians stubborn ([4:21](../04/21.md), [7:3](../07/03.md), [9:12](../09/12.md), [10:1](../10/01.md), [10:20](../10/20.md), [10:27](../10/27.md), [11:10](../11/10.md), [14:4](../14/04.md), [14:8](../14/08.md), [14:17](../14/17.md)); three times Pharaoh makes himself stubborn ([8:15](../08/15.md), [8:32](../08/32.md), [9:34](../09/34.md)); and six times there is a neutral description that Pharaoh was stubborn without saying anyone made him so ([7:13](../07/13.md), [7:14](../07/14.md), [7:22](../07/22.md), [8:19](../08/19.md), [9:7](../09/07.md), [9:35](../09/35.md)).<br><br>### Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40?<br><br>In Exodus 25-32, God describes exactly how the tabernacle was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35-40. This showed that the people were to be careful to do exactly as God commanded.<br><br>### Are the events in the order that they actually happened?<br><br>Most but not all of the events in the Book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order.<br><br>### What does it mean that God “lived” among his people?<br><br>The Book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him. | ||
| 3 | EXO | 1 | intro | cj55 | | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ | 0 | # Exodus 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s growth<br>Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### End of the famine<br>It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number”<br>This number included both Jacob’s children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons. | |
| 4 | EXO | 1 | 1 | 851f | writing-background | | 1 | Verses 1-7 are background information for the story. If your language has a way of structuring background information consider using it for these verses. (See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background\]\]) | |
| 5 | EXO | 1 | 1 | g89k | figs-metonymy | וּבֵית֖וֹ | 1 | household | Here, **house** refers to all of the people who live together, usually a large family with servants. Alternate translation: “household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 6 | EXO | 1 | 1 | fxbx | figs-go | הַבָּאִ֖ים... בָּֽאוּ | 1 | The words translated as **came in** could also be translated as “went in.” Use whichever form is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 7 | EXO | 1 | 1 | e65z | translate-names | יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל... יַעֲקֹ֔ב | 1 | **Jacob** and **Israel** are two names for the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 8 | EXO | 1 | 5 | fv84 | translate-numbers | שִׁבְעִ֣ים | 1 | seventy in number | “70 in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 9 | EXO | 1 | 6 | sh42 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | וַיָּ֤מָת | 1 | They all died after coming to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 10 | EXO | 1 | 6 | g5qg | | וְכָל־אֶחָ֔יו | 1 | all his brothers | **all his brothers** includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother. If your language has different words for those, you can say, “his 10 older brothers, his younger brother” |
| 11 | EXO | 1 | 6 | 8g2k | figs-possession | אֶחָ֔יו | 1 | This an instance of the social relationship possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 12 | EXO | 1 | 7 | 9uwr | figs-metonymy | וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל | 1 | This is the first of many times in this book that **sons of Israel** refers to the Israelite nation or people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 13 | EXO | 1 | 7 | 2ccy | figs-doublet | פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ | 1 | All of these verbs mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that the Israelite people became very numerous. If your language doesn’t have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “multiplied and became extremely numerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 14 | EXO | 1 | 7 | uo65 | | פָּר֧וּ... וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ... וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ | 1 | Compare your translation of **fruitful ... and multiplied.. and the land was filled** here to Genesis 1:28; 9:1, 7; and especially Genesis 35:11 where God renamed Jacob to Israel. | |
| 15 | EXO | 1 | 7 | nk2l | figs-metaphor | פָּר֧וּ | 1 | were fruitful | The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: “had many children” or “gave birth to many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 16 | EXO | 1 | 7 | r2f1 | figs-activepassive | וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם | 1 | the land was filled with them | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They filled the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 17 | EXO | 1 | 7 | 3tcv | figs-idiom | בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד | 1 | Here, the same word is used twice to emphasize how many the Israelite people had become. If your language does not repeat words like this, express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “in a really big way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 18 | EXO | 1 | 7 | piq4 | | אֹתָֽם | 1 | with them | Here, **them** refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
| 19 | EXO | 1 | 8 | 6y05 | writing-newevent | וַיָּ֥קָם | 1 | This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features apply them here. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 20 | EXO | 1 | 8 | 470t | writing-participants | מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ | 1 | The story begins with the new king. Your language may have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 21 | EXO | 1 | 8 | t6jd | figs-metonymy | מִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | arose over Egypt | This refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “began to rule over the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 22 | EXO | 1 | 8 | 04cx | figs-metonymy | לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף | 1 | Here, **Joseph** refers to both the person Joseph and to all of the good things that he did for Egypt. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 23 | EXO | 1 | 9 | tf59 | writing-participants | וַיֹּ֖אמֶר | 1 | He said to his people | “And the king said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
| 24 | EXO | 1 | 9 | aku3 | <br>figs-exclamations | הִנֵּ֗ה | 1 | Here, **Behold** draws special attention to what is about to be said. Use a way of drawing people’s attention that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])- **Behold** - This statement draws special attention to what is about to be said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 25 | EXO | 1 | 9 | x65i | figs-possession | עַמּ֑וֹ | 1 | his people | The people are spoken of as if they belonged to the king. This an instance of the social relationship possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 26 | EXO | 1 | 9 | t7s1 | עַמּ֑וֹ | 1 | There is some ambiguity as to who exactly Pharaoh was addressing. It could have been: 1) the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians or 2) some group of “his people” like his advisors, generals, nobles, or friends and family. Even if option 1 is meant, its quite possible that he actually spoke to some smaller group of representatives as in option 2. | ||
| 27 | EXO | 1 | 9 | jik8 | מִמֶּֽנּוּ | 1 | Use a way that is natural in your language to compare non-specific sizes of groups of people. Alternate translation: “more than we are” | ||
| 28 | EXO | 1 | 9 | njuf | figs-quotations | הִנֵּ֗ה עַ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רַ֥ב וְעָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽנּוּ | 1 | Beginning from **“Behold** to the end of [verse 10](../01/10.md) is a direct quote of what the king said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 29 | EXO | 1 | 10 | hiq4 | figs-inclusive | נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה... שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ... בָּ֖נוּ | 1 | let us | The word “us” is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) |
| 30 | EXO | 1 | 10 | 8wvb | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙ | 1 | The king suggests a combination of two hypothetical events: 1. There are even more Israelites, 2. There is a battle. These are followed by a series of undesirable consequences: 3. The Israelites join an enemy, 4. The Israelites attack the Egyptians, 5. The Israelites leave Egypt. While the series of consequences is also technically hypothetical, the king’s language indicates that if 1-2 happen, then 3-5 are certain. Use language that makes it clear that the first two events are hypothetical, and that the next three are consequences if the first two happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) | |
| 31 | EXO | 1 | 10 | jc1h | | וְעָלָ֥ה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ | 1 | leave the land | “and the Israelites leave Egypt” |
| 32 | EXO | 1 | 11 | y2mi | | שָׂרֵ֣י | 1 | taskmasters | Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. |
| 33 | EXO | 1 | 11 | o926 | | מִסִּ֔ים | 1 | Here the plural means groups. Alternative translation: “work crews” | |
| 34 | EXO | 1 | 11 | l9lj | לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם | 1 | to oppress them with hard labor | “to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians” | |
| 35 | EXO | 1 | 11 | pkz4 | translate-unknown | עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ | 1 | store cities | These were places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe. Alternative translation: “cities for the king to put things to keep them safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 36 | EXO | 1 | 11 | dy34 | figs-possession | עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ | 1 | The possessive is objective, storage of goods is what occurs in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 37 | EXO | 1 | 12 | c1fy | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ | 1 | This sentence expresses a result that is opposite of what the king expected. If your language has a way to express something happening that was opposite of what was expected, use that structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 38 | EXO | 1 | 12 | pdfk | figs-abstractnouns | וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ | 1 | “were afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 39 | EXO | 1 | 12 | qgzz | figs-metonymy | מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | Here **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that the Egyptians were afraid of the Israelites’ existence in the country. Alternate translation: “And they felt a sickening dread whenever they saw an Israelite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 40 | EXO | 1 | 13 | j1q6 | figs-abstractnouns | בְּפָֽרֶךְ | 1 | made…work rigorously | “made…work very hard” or “harshly made…work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 41 | EXO | 1 | 14 | mx6v | figs-metaphor | וַיְמָרְר֨וּ | 1 | made their lives bitter | The difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 42 | EXO | 1 | 14 | jre2 | figs-abstractnouns | בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה | 1 | **Slavery** is an abstract noun modified by **hard**. Alternative translation: “by making them work hard as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 43 | EXO | 1 | 14 | cuq7 | translate-unknown | בְּחֹ֨מֶר֙ | 1 | mortar | This was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])<br><br><br> |
| 44 | EXO | 1 | 14 | h5dx | translate-unknown | וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים | 1 | A hardened rectangular block of mud, clay etc., used for building. (Source: Wiktionary) The clay or mud was hardened either in the sun or by heating them to higher temperatures in other ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 45 | EXO | 1 | 14 | gzq7 | | אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ | 1 | All their required work was hard | “The Egyptians made them work very hard” or “The Egyptians forced them to work very hard” See how you translated this in [verse 13](../01/13.md) |
| 46 | EXO | 1 | 14 | 5nzx | writing-participants | וַיְמָרְר֨וּ... בָהֶ֖ם | 1 | These pronouns refer to the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 47 | EXO | 1 | 14 | acj5 | writing-participants | חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם...עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם...עָבְד֥וּ | 1 | These pronouns refer to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 48 | EXO | 1 | 15 | yoaj | writing-newevent | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ | 1 | This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features apply them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 49 | EXO | 1 | 15 | hhw1 | | לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת | 1 | midwives | These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. |
| 50 | EXO | 1 | 15 | h8f8 | translate-names | שִׁפְרָ֔ה...פּוּעָֽה | 1 | Shiphrah…Puah | These are Hebrew women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 51 | EXO | 1 | 15 | h59t | writing-participants | שִׁפְרָ֔ה...פּוּעָֽה | 1 | The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Use your language’s way to introduce new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 52 | EXO | 1 | 16 | 4wwz | | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר | 1 | “And the king said” In the UST this is combined with *spoke* from [verse 15](../01/15.md) because the verb for *say* is used twice before he speaks. In English and other languages this is often strange. If it would be unnatural to say that the king spoke or said twice you may leave one off. | |
| 53 | EXO | 1 | 16 | yovg | figs-quotations | בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה | 1 | This is a direct quote of what the king said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 54 | EXO | 1 | 16 | 5lke | figs-youdual | בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙...וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן...וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן | 1 | These *you*s are plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 55 | EXO | 1 | 16 | h3mb | figs-metonymy | עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם | 1 | on the birthstool | Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: “as they give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 56 | EXO | 1 | 16 | nms7 | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה | 1 | These two statements are hypothetical conditions (starting at **if**) with instructions for what the midwives should do in each situation (starting at **then**). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) | |
| 57 | EXO | 1 | 17 | gy7k | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וַתִּירֶ֤אןָ | 1 | Use a conjunction or other language structure that expresses contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 58 | EXO | 1 | 18 | y9g5 | | לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת | 1 | midwives | These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md). |
| 59 | EXO | 1 | 18 | 00l4 | figs-quotations | מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים | 1 | This is a direct quote of the king’s question. This could be translated as an indirect quote: “he asked them why they were letting the sons live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 60 | EXO | 1 | 18 | q1sy | מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים | 1 | Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live? | Alternate translation: “Why have you not killed the baby boys?” | |
| 61 | EXO | 1 | 18 | 8onv | figs-youdual | עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ | 1 | This *you* is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 62 | EXO | 1 | 19 | 7t6z | figs-quotations | כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ | 1 | This is a direct quote of the midwives’ response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 63 | EXO | 1 | 19 | 9gqe | grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ | 1 | The midwives give a reason, *the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women*, then they expand on that reason, *for they are lively (or energetic)*, with the result that *before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth*. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 64 | EXO | 1 | 19 | 0ppa | figs-synecdoche | וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ | 1 | It may not make sense in your language to say that multiple people said something so you may need to translate it in the singular (see UST). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 65 | EXO | 1 | 19 | 2ivn | הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ | 1 | These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md). | ||
| 66 | EXO | 1 | 20 | eh25 | | לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת | 1 | midwives | These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md). |
| 67 | EXO | 1 | 20 | h133 | figs-doublet | וַיִּ֧רֶב הָעָ֛ם וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד | 1 | The people increased in numbers | These words mean similar things and are used together to emphasize their numeric growth. If your language doesn’t have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 68 | EXO | 1 | 20 | 0wpb | grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֑ת | 1 | This phrase is more logically connected to the statements in verse 21. It describes the *result* of the midwives fearing God with a general statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 69 | EXO | 1 | 21 | 3q9e | <br>grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָֽרְא֥וּ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים | 1 | This is the *reason* for what God did. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 70 | EXO | 1 | 21 | pbve | <br>grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים | 1 | This describes the *result* of the midwives fearing God with a specific statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 71 | EXO | 1 | 21 | jx9c | בָּתִּֽים | 1 | he gave them families | “households” | |
| 72 | EXO | 1 | 22 | ld1j | figs-explicit | 1 | You must throw every son…into the river | This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must throw every new-born son into the river so they will drown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 73 | EXO | 1 | 22 | a6b2 | figs-quotations | כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֨רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן׃ | 1 | This is a direct quote of Pharaoh’s speech. It could be translated as an indirect quotation: “Pharaoh commanded all of his people to throw every baby boy into the river, but to let the every girl live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 74 | EXO | 1 | 22 | stag | figs-youdual | תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ...תְּחַיּֽוּן | 1 | The *you*s here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 75 | EXO | 2 | intro | rwf3 | 0 | # Exodus 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br><br>### Covenant<br>God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<br><br><br>### Moses’ heritage<br>In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh’s daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Identification of participants<br>- Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses’ life.<br><br>### Ironic situations<br>- While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaoh’s own daughter to save Moses.<br><br><br>- Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission. | |||
| 76 | EXO | 2 | 1 | wvj9 | writing-newevent | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ | 1 | Now | This word is used here to mark a break in the main event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the narrative. If you have a way of doing this in your language, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 77 | EXO | 2 | 1 | riy7 | writing-participants | אִ֖ישׁ...בַּת | 1 | These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed if possible in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 78 | EXO | 2 | 1 | 40u9 | figs-idiom | וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי | 1 | This is an idiom for marrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 79 | EXO | 2 | 2 | s49k | ט֣וֹב | 1 | Alternative translations: “pleasing,” “fine,” or “healthy” (UST) | ||
| 80 | EXO | 2 | 2 | q4c0 | grammar-connect-logic-result | וַתֵּ֤רֶא...וַֽתִּצְפְּנֵ֖הוּ | 1 | Hiding the boy was a result of seeing that he was good. Alternative translation: “Since she saw... she hid him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 81 | EXO | 2 | 2 | 00k4 | translate-numbers | שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה | 1 | 3 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 82 | EXO | 2 | 3 | t2gj | translate-unknown | תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא | 1 | papyrus basket | This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 83 | EXO | 2 | 3 | tn3y | figs-explicit | וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה בַחֵמָ֖ר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת | 1 | sealed it with bitumen and pitch | You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. Alternate translation: “spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 84 | EXO | 2 | 3 | wpb6 | translate-unknown | וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה | 1 | sealed | This means that she applied a waterproof coating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 85 | EXO | 2 | 3 | ym3k | translate-unknown | בַחֵמָ֖ר | 1 | bitumen | This is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “tar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 86 | EXO | 2 | 3 | v825 | translate-unknown | וּבַזָּ֑פֶת | 1 | pitch | This is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, **pitch** would include not only **bitumen** but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “tar” or “resin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 87 | EXO | 2 | 3 | y8gq | translate-unknown | בַּסּ֖וּף | 1 | reeds | These **reeds** were a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 88 | EXO | 2 | 4 | av8b | וַתֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖וֹ מֵרָחֹ֑ק | 1 | at a distance | This means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the ark. Use a word that expresses this sort of distance in your language. | |
| 89 | EXO | 2 | 4 | 9m7y | figs-abstractnouns | מֵרָחֹ֑ק | 1 | This probably means somewhere in the reeds where she could see the basket but no one would see her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 90 | EXO | 2 | 4 | 4d7n | figs-kinship | אֲחֹת֖וֹ | 1 | In the UST “older” is supplied because her actions clearly show she is his older sister. In some languages a different term is used for siblings based on their relative ages and/or the gender of the siblings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]]) | |
| 91 | EXO | 2 | 4 | z1cy | grammar-connect-logic-goal | לְדֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽוֹ | 1 | This is her purpose in being close by. Alternative translation: “in order to know...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) | |
| 92 | EXO | 2 | 5 | 1vls | figs-go | וַתֵּ֤רֶד | 1 | **Came down** may be literal or figurative, important places are often considered to be in a higher place. This means she came from her home, probably Pharaoh’s palace. If a perspective is required for Pharaoh’s daughter, you may choose go or come as works best in your language. “Come” is better as the scene is at the river and she comes to the scene location. However, you also need to consider your language’s way of introducing new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 93 | EXO | 2 | 5 | 3van | writing-participants | בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙...וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ | 1 | These women are introduced here as new participants, however they are not mentioned again after this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 94 | EXO | 2 | 5 | im0d | figs-metaphor | עַל־יַ֣ד הַיְאֹ֑ר | 1 | *hand* is a metaphor for *side* which in this case can be translated as the *shore* or *bank* (UST) of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 95 | EXO | 2 | 5 | bi7s | וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ | 1 | her attendants | These were the young women whose job was to be with her and make sure nothing bad happened to her. | |
| 96 | EXO | 2 | 5 | am7g | writing-participants | וַתִּקָּחֶֽהָ | 1 | It is not clear who is meant by **she** here, it could either be Pharaoh’s daughter or the servant. It is likely that Pharaoh’s daughter stays the subject. Alternative translation: “she sent her slave woman to get it. She took the ark from her slave” or “she sent her slave woman to take the ark. 6 Pharaoh’s daughter opened...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 97 | EXO | 2 | 6 | g9n6 | figs-exclamations | וְהִנֵּה | 1 | Behold | The word **behold** signals the surprising information that follows. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) |
| 98 | EXO | 2 | 6 | tyub | grammar-connect-logic-result | וַתַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔יו | 1 | The text does not state exactly what caused her to have compassion on the baby. If a reason must be provided in your language it should be connected to either his crying (this is the better option) or that he was a “good” baby [verse 2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 99 | EXO | 2 | 6 | jg0d | figs-quotations | מִיַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽעִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה | 1 | This is a direct quote. It seems to have been said loud enough for the baby’s sister to hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 100 | EXO | 2 | 7 | 3zvu | figs-quotations | וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד | 1 | This is a direct quote of the baby’s sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 101 | EXO | 2 | 7 | x5ja | וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת | 1 | This is a suggestive question. The child’s sister is hopeful that Pharaoh’s daughter does not have a plan yet for the baby beyond saving his life. However, it is still a true question, without Pharaoh’s daughter’s permission the child’s sister will not be able to fetch the woman. If your language has a way of forming questions that are also suggestions use it here. | ||
| 102 | EXO | 2 | 7 | psb2 | figs-possession | אֲחֹתוֹ֮...בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֒ | 1 | These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 103 | EXO | 2 | 7 | d7aj | מֵינֶ֔קֶת...וְתֵינִ֥ק | 1 | nurse | This means to feed with milk from the breast. | |
| 104 | EXO | 2 | 7 | tqq9 | grammar-connect-logic-goal | וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד | 1 | This is the purpose of the sister’s proposal. Alternative translation: “In order that she could nurse the child for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) | |
| 105 | EXO | 2 | 8 | ab1m | figs-go | לֵ֑כִי...וַתֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ | 1 | The girl goes away from Pharaoh’s daughter toward the child’s mother. She was almost certainly on foot. Use verbs of motion that express these. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 106 | EXO | 2 | 8 | 2456 | figs-quotations | לֵ֑כִי | 1 | This is a direct quote. Pharaoh’s daughter commands the baby’s sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 107 | EXO | 2 | 8 | lyyj | figs-possession | בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה...אֵ֥ם הַיָּֽלֶד | 1 | These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 108 | EXO | 2 | 9 | lmko | figs-possession | בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה | 1 | This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 109 | EXO | 2 | 9 | u554 | writing-participants | לָ֣הּ | 1 | The child’s mother is reintroduced as a participant. Alternative translation: “to the baby’s mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 110 | EXO | 2 | 9 | xp5x | figs-quotations | הֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַיֶּ֤לֶד הַזֶּה֙ וְהֵינִקִ֣הוּ לִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ | 1 | This is a direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 111 | EXO | 2 | 9 | mogg | שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ | 1 | This refers to payment that Pharaoh’s daughter would give to the mother in exchange for her service of nursing. | ||
| 112 | EXO | 2 | 9 | hqsa | figs-explicit | וַתִּקַּ֧ח...וַתְּנִיקֵֽהוּ | 1 | The mother’s acceptance of the deal is implied. You could make it explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 113 | EXO | 2 | 10 | zj8h | grammar-connect-time-sequential | וַיִגְדַּ֣ל הַיֶּ֗לֶד וַתְּבִאֵ֨הוּ֙ | 1 | she brought him | An unspecified amount of time is designated by this. He would have stayed with his mother at least until he was weaned (no longer drinking his mother’s milk). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) |
| 114 | EXO | 2 | 10 | ta4r | figs-possession | לְבַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה | 1 | This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 115 | EXO | 2 | 10 | j7n1 | וַֽיְהִי־לָ֖הּ לְבֵ֑ן | 1 | he became her son | “he became the adopted son of Pharaoh’s daughter” | |
| 116 | EXO | 2 | 10 | h7to | grammar-connect-time-simultaneous | וַֽיְהִי־לָ֖הּ לְבֵ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה | 1 | These events were likely simultaneous, her act of naming him may have been what made him as her son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) | |
| 117 | EXO | 2 | 10 | nh2m | מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ | 1 | Because I drew him from the water | Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘draw out.’” | |
| 118 | EXO | 2 | 10 | ityq | figs-quotations | כִּ֥י מִן־הַמַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽהוּ׃ | 1 | This is a direct quote. It could be stated indirectly: “because she said she draw him out of the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 119 | EXO | 2 | 10 | yax4 | translate-names | מֹשֶׁ֔ה | 1 | drew him | **Moses** - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 120 | EXO | 2 | 11 | tyol | grammar-connect-time-sequential | וַיְהִ֣י׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֵּצֵ֣א | 1 | A significant amount of time has passed, later texts state that Moses was 40 years old at this point. Alternative translation: “Many years later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 121 | EXO | 2 | 11 | p7gx | writing-newevent | וַיְהִ֣י׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ | 1 | This introduces a new event in the story. Use a phrase that indicates a new event after significant time has passed in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 122 | EXO | 2 | 11 | 917y | figs-go | וַיֵּצֵ֣א | 1 | The UST supplies a probable location that he went out from, it could also have been simply out *from* the Egyptian area or *out* to the work area or cities. Use go or come as appropriate in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 123 | EXO | 2 | 11 | swn3 | מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י | 1 | striking a Hebrew | “hitting a Hebrew” or “beating a Hebrew” | |
| 124 | EXO | 2 | 12 | m9bn | figs-merism | וַיִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָכֹ֔ה | 1 | He looked this way and that way | These two opposite directions have the combined meaning of “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “He looked all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 125 | EXO | 2 | 12 | rmgn | figs-metonymy | וַיַּךְ֙ | 1 | The context makes clear that Moses struck the Egyptian hard enough or repeatedly until Moses killed him. Consider a word that indicates a deadly blow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 126 | EXO | 2 | 13 | qn45 | figs-go | וַיֵּצֵא֙ | 1 | He went out | See how you translated this in [Exodus 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) |
| 127 | EXO | 2 | 13 | 83e6 | translate-ordinal | הַשֵּׁנִ֔י | 1 | The ordinal number here could mean “the next day” (UST) or simply on some day following the events of the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 128 | EXO | 2 | 13 | rgn1 | figs-exclamations | וְהִנֵּ֛ה | 1 | behold | Here, **behold,** shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) |
| 129 | EXO | 2 | 13 | i4d6 | לָֽרָשָׁ֔ע | 1 | the one who was in the wrong | Based on Moses’s question this means the aggressor or the man wrongfully attacking his neighbor. Alternate translation: “the man who was guilty of starting the fight” | |
| 130 | EXO | 2 | 13 | duob | figs-quotations | לָ֥מָּה תַכֶּ֖ה רֵעֶֽךָ | 1 | This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 131 | EXO | 2 | 14 | qb2n | figs-rquestion | מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ | 1 | Who made you a leader and judge over us? | The man used this question to rebuke Moses for intervening in the fight. Alternate translation: “You are not our leader and have no right to judge us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 132 | EXO | 2 | 14 | afne | figs-quotations | מִ֣י שָֽׂמְךָ֞ לְאִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְשֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ | 1 | This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br><br><br><br> | |
| 133 | EXO | 2 | 14 | k6s5 | figs-irony | הַלְהָרְגֵ֨נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י | 1 | Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian? | The man used a question here to be sarcastic. Alternate translation: “We know that you killed an Egyptian yesterday. You had better not kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 134 | EXO | 2 | 14 | d2ja | הַלְהָרְגֵ֨נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר | 1 | “Are you planning to kill me” or “Are you threatening to kill me” | ||
| 135 | EXO | 2 | 14 | lyqh | figs-quotations | הַלְהָרְגֵ֨נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַמִּצְרִ֑י | 1 | This is a direct quote. However, it is likely this is something Moses said to himself, that is a thought. Alternative translation (as indirect quote): *was afraid because he thought that everyone knew what he did.* (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br> | |
| 136 | EXO | 2 | 15 | yutr | וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַהֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה | 1 | Pharaoh most likely delegated this task. Alternative translations: “he sought to have Moses killed” (note that the passive form will not work in every language), see UST | ||
| 137 | EXO | 2 | 15 | l5rc | figs-metonymy | מִפְּנֵ֣י | 1 | His face means his presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 138 | EXO | 2 | 15 | otsl | וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב | 1 | These are the same verb. There are three possible interpretations: 1. Moses lived in Midian. He sat by this well one day. This may have been the well for the town he lived in. or, 2. Moses lived in Midian. His home was by this well. or, 3. Moses was a wanderer. He was in Midian and sat by this well when the next event occurred.<br> | ||
| 139 | EXO | 2 | 16 | shg5 | writing-background | וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת | 1 | Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters | This sentence is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])<br> |
| 140 | EXO | 2 | 16 | pjzc | writing-newevent | וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת | 1 | This sentence is used to mark a transition. However, the last clause of the previous verse (“and he sat down by a well”) seems to be related to this new scene so you may want to make your transition there as is done in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])<br> | |
| 141 | EXO | 2 | 16 | cfe5 | writing-participants | שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה | 1 | The daughters are new participants. Indicate that in a way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 142 | EXO | 2 | 16 | sm8f | figs-go | וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה | 1 | The perspective of the narrative is set at the well. The daughters came from elsewhere to the well. They were probably on foot. Each language will need to choose the appropriate word for “going” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 143 | EXO | 2 | 16 | v5yk | figs-possession | וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת | 1 | This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br> | |
| 144 | EXO | 2 | 16 | esdm | translate-numbers | שֶׁ֣בַע | 1 | 7 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])<br><br><br><br> | |
| 145 | EXO | 2 | 16 | i2jh | וַתִּדְלֶ֗נָה | 1 | drew water | This means that they brought up water from a well. | |
| 146 | EXO | 2 | 16 | g1e6 | translate-unknown | הָ֣רְהָטִ֔ים | 1 | troughs | This was a long, narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink out of (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 147 | EXO | 2 | 16 | p3uo | figs-possession | צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶֽן | 1 | There are two possessives here: 1) *their father* is possessive of social relationship; 2) *the flock of ... father* is possessive of ownership. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br> | |
| 148 | EXO | 2 | 17 | k5yc | figs-go | וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ | 1 | A group of men came. They may not have been far away before coming and driving the women away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 149 | EXO | 2 | 17 | zksv | writing-participants | הָרֹעִ֖ים | 1 | These are new, very brief participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 150 | EXO | 2 | 17 | z17m | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וַיָּ֤קָם | 1 | helped them | Use an expression that communicates that what Moses did was unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 151 | EXO | 2 | 18 | omzv | figs-go | וַתָּבֹ֕אנָה | 1 | The daughters came from the well to their father, probably on foot. You can use come or go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 152 | EXO | 2 | 18 | 7t7t | translate-names | רְעוּאֵ֖ל | 1 | This name, or perhaps title, is used of the man otherwise called Jethro only here and in Numbers 10:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 153 | EXO | 2 | 18 | 95f3 | writing-participants | רְעוּאֵ֖ל | 1 | The priest of Midian was mentioned in [v. 16](../02/16.md) in a background statement but is a new participant starting here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 154 | EXO | 2 | 18 | tiqh | figs-possession | אֲבִיהֶ֑ן | 1 | This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 155 | EXO | 2 | 18 | lukb | figs-quotations | מַדּ֛וּעַ מִהַרְתֶּ֥ן בֹּ֖א הַיּֽוֹם | 1 | This is a direct quote. You could use an indirect quotation as, “He asked how they were able to return so quickly that day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 156 | EXO | 2 | 18 | 44at | figs-go | בֹּ֖א | 1 | Alternative translation: to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 157 | EXO | 2 | 19 | r01g | figs-quotations | אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖נוּ מִיַּ֣ד הָרֹעִ֑ים וְגַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔נוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַצֹּֽאן | 1 | This is a direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 158 | EXO | 2 | 19 | 3g80 | אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י | 1 | Jethro’s daughters assume Moses was Egyptian. When you translate it should be clear this refers to Moses. | ||
| 159 | EXO | 2 | 19 | hvb4 | figs-metonymy | מִיַּ֣ד | 1 | *Hand* figuratively refers to the power, control, or actions of the shepherds. Alternative translation: “from the shepherds.” Or see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 160 | EXO | 2 | 19 | 6gvb | figs-idiom | דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ | 1 | The repeated word expresses surprise or emphasizes the magnitude of Moses’s kind acts to the women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 161 | EXO | 2 | 20 | x73j | figs-possession | בְּנֹתָ֖יו | 1 | This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 162 | EXO | 2 | 20 | x9yb | figs-rquestion | וְאַיּ֑וֹ לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָאִ֔ישׁ | 1 | Why did you leave the man? | These questions are a mild rebuke to the daughters for not inviting Moses into their home according to the normal hospitality of that culture. Alternate translation: “You should not have left this man at the well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 163 | EXO | 2 | 20 | p6xh | figs-quotations | וְאַיּ֑וֹ לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָאִ֔ישׁ קִרְאֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ וְיֹ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃ | 1 | This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 164 | EXO | 2 | 20 | mb8w | writing-participants | ל֖וֹ | 1 | This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 165 | EXO | 2 | 20 | hal8 | figs-synecdoche | לָֽחֶם | 1 | This term is used to refer to food in general. Alternative translation: “food.”(See: [Synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)) | |
| 166 | EXO | 2 | 21 | zvr1 | וַיּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ | 1 | Moses agreed to stay with the man | “Moses agreed to live with Reuel” | |
| 167 | EXO | 2 | 21 | y3q7 | translate-names | צִפֹּרָ֥ה | 1 | Zipporah | This is Reuel’s (Jethro’s) daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 168 | EXO | 2 | 21 | 4j8b | figs-possession | בִתּ֖וֹ | 1 | This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 169 | EXO | 2 | 22 | l3xg | figs-quotations | גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה | 1 | Only this portion is a quotation. The UST includes both speech events as one quotation as a possibility for clarity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 170 | EXO | 2 | 22 | n5b1 | translate-names | גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם | 1 | Gershom | This is Moses’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 171 | EXO | 2 | 22 | f76m | translate-names | גֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם | 1 | His name sounds somewhat like the Hebrew for “a stranger here.” You may consider using a footnote to explain that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 172 | EXO | 2 | 22 | q7d8 | גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה | 1 | resident in a foreign land | “stranger in a foreign land” | |
| 173 | EXO | 2 | 23 | fjkt | writing-newevent | וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הָֽרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם | 1 | This introduces a new section and series of events. A large amount of time went by. According to Stephen’s sermon in Acts 7:30 Moses was in Midian 40 years. Alternative translation: “This is what happened during the many days Moses was in Midian.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 174 | EXO | 2 | 23 | 1kw0 | writing-background | וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הָֽרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם | 1 | Verses 23-25 give a summary of what happened in Egypt and with the Israelites and God while Moses was in exile. It gives scene setting background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
| 175 | EXO | 2 | 23 | csg2 | וַיֵּאָנְח֧וּ | 1 | groaned | They did this because of their sorrow and misery. Alternate translation: “sighed deeply” | |
| 176 | EXO | 2 | 23 | x84a | figs-personification | וַתַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛ם | 1 | their pleas went up to God | The cries of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were a person and were able to travel up to where God is. Alternate translation: “God heard their pleas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 177 | EXO | 2 | 24 | sja4 | figs-idiom | וַיִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ | 1 | God called to mind his covenant | This was a customary way of saying God thought about what He had promised. Alternate translation: “God remembered his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 178 | EXO | 3 | intro | n6ze | 0 | # Exodus 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s holiness<br>God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br><br>### Yahweh<br>The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name, he is known. Yahweh means “I am.” Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, “I AM.” Great care must be taken in translating the phrase “I am that I am.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Participants<br>“The angel of Yahweh,” “Yahweh,” and “God” all appear to be speaking to Moses and interacting with him from the burning bush. Furthermore, God says that his name is “I AM.” (See note above on Yahweh and I AM.) Yahweh and God are the the same while there is speculation about who the angel of Yahweh is. | |||
| 179 | EXO | 3 | 1 | gqvh | writing-newevent | וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה | 1 | This phrase brings the story focus back to Midian and Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 180 | EXO | 3 | 1 | oqcr | writing-background | וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָה׃ | 1 | Verse 1 provides immediate background context, setting the scene for Moses’s interaction with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
| 181 | EXO | 3 | 1 | jv7b | figs-possession | צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ | 1 | This is an ownership possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 182 | EXO | 3 | 1 | 1p00 | figs-possession | חֹתְנ֖וֹ | 1 | This is a social possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 183 | EXO | 3 | 1 | l7x6 | figs-possession | כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן | 1 | This is a possessive of social relationship. Jethro is a priest who serves the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 184 | EXO | 3 | 1 | v97t | figs-go | וַיָּבֹ֛א אֶל | 1 | “and he arrived at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 185 | EXO | 3 | 1 | p27s | figs-possession | הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים | 1 | This is an associative possessive. This mountain was associated with God in some way. In [Exodus 3:12](../03/12.md) God tells Moses that he & the Israelites will serve him on this mountain. Later in the story, this promise is fulfilled and it is where God makes his covenant with Israel and gives them the 10 Commandments. So it may have been called the mountain of God in retrospect (as Moses probably wrote this book sometime after the Israelites were wandering in the wilderness). However, it is possible that the mountain was already associated with God’s presence or worship somehow before Moses went there with the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 186 | EXO | 3 | 2 | p0nt | וַ֠יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֵלָ֛יו בְּלַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַסְּנֶ֑ה | 1 | This is a summary of what happened, the next few verses tell the story of how this happened and how Moses discovered what was happening. | ||
| 187 | EXO | 3 | 2 | x5ci | | יְהֹוָ֥ה | 1 | Yahweh | This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. |
| 188 | EXO | 3 | 2 | d3tf | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל | 1 | behold | The word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. He expected the bush to be burnt up completely by the fire. Consider using an interjection in your language that expresses that the next thing is a surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 189 | EXO | 3 | 2 | 3bvb | figs-metonymy | אֻכָּֽל | 1 | **consumed** means to eat completely until gone. In the case of fire, this is a metonym for burning completely until gone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 190 | EXO | 3 | 3 | fpww | figs-quotations | אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה אֶת־הַמַּרְאֶ֥ה הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַ֥ר הַסְּנֶֽה | 1 | This is a direct quote. It’s not specified who Moses spoke to, he may have been alone, or with a group of shepherds, or his family.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 191 | EXO | 3 | 4 | ue8v | writing-participants | יְהוָ֖ה... אֱלֹהִ֜ים | 1 | These terms both refer to the same being, God’s name is Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 192 | EXO | 3 | 5 | 60ah | figs-quotations | אַל־תִּקְרַ֣ב הֲלֹ֑ם שַׁל־נְעָלֶ֨יךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔יךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא | 1 | This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 193 | EXO | 3 | 5 | prv9 | grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּאכִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא | 1 | set apart | This is the reason Moses must stopping coming close to the burning bush and take off his sandals. Your language may need to put the reason before the commands as in, “The place on which you are standing, it is holy ground, so you must not come close to here. Take your sandals off from on your feet.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 194 | EXO | 3 | 6 | sxk8 | אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב | 1 | the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob | All of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob” | |
| 195 | EXO | 3 | 6 | 3qwa | figs-quotations | אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב | 1 | This a direct quotation. The UST continues the quotation from verse 5 rather than including an additional “he said.” This may be more natural in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 196 | EXO | 3 | 6 | l5sy | | אֱלֹהֵ֣י | 1 | your father | Possible meanings are (1) “your ancestor” or (2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Moses’s own father. It most cases it will be best to translate it as “father,” i.e. Amram, Moses’s father. |
| 197 | EXO | 3 | 6 | lfbb | grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔יו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵהַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים | 1 | Reason: **for he was afraid from staring toward God** Result: **And Moses hid his face* Some languages may need to put the reason before the result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]] and [Exodus 33:20](../33/20.md)) | |
| 198 | EXO | 3 | 7 | nl33 | figs-quotations | רָאֹ֥ה | 1 | This begins a quotation that goes through the end of [verse 11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 199 | EXO | 3 | 7 | xoz0 | figs-idiom | רָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי | 1 | The repetition of **see** expresses the intensity, certainly, or clarity of Yahweh’s seeing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 200 | EXO | 3 | 7 | tpk0 | figs-possession | אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖י | 1 | There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of ... people”: This is an event related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: this one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and social relationship possessive. God views his people as his possession and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham etc. - though at this time they may not know him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 201 | EXO | 3 | 7 | p3tx | figs-metonymy | מִפְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו | 1 | **Faces** refer to the whole person, or the presence of the person(s) who were oppressing the Israelites. If this image is used in your language you may translate it, if a similar image is used you may consider using it, if neither is the case you may omit *face* and translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 202 | EXO | 3 | 7 | xx7r | נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו | 1 | taskmasters | “his oppressors” | |
| 203 | EXO | 3 | 7 | ofxt | כִּ֥י | 1 | The conjunction is probably functioning modally here, intensifying the expression of Yahweh’s knowledge. Your translation should express Yahweh’s knowing with certainty or strength. | ||
| 204 | EXO | 3 | 7 | mfn2 | figs-collectivenouns | נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו...מַכְאֹבָֽיו | 1 | These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. Alternative translation: Change **him** to “them” or change **his** to “hers” or “its” (depending on grammatical gender of “people”.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]]) | |
| 205 | EXO | 3 | 7 | hkcj | figs-possession | מַכְאֹבָֽיו | 1 | This is an event related possessive where the people (as a group: **his**) are the subjects of anguish. Your translation should express that they are in deep mental and emotional distress (anguish) (implied: because they are treated badly as slaves). (See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession\]\] and \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit\]\]) | |
| 206 | EXO | 3 | 8 | 9ia8 | grammar-connect-logic-result | וָאֵרֵ֞ד לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּרְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ אֶל־מְק֤וֹם הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ | 1 | Verse 8 contains God’s intended result from his acts of seeing and hearing expressed in both verses 7 and 9. You may need to expressly mark this, for instance by introducing verse 8 with something like “therefore,” and verse 9 with something like “again, because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 207 | EXO | 3 | 8 | xy36 | figs-go | וָאֵרֵ֞ד | 1 | God is figuratively expressing that he is descending from heaven to earth to intervene. God is always everywhere, but this means his special attention will be directed to this situation. Use whatever form of come or go is appropriate in your language for this. (See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go\]\]) | |
| 208 | EXO | 3 | 8 | nahb | figs-collectivenouns | לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ...וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮ | 1 | These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. See what you did in the [previous verse](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]]) | |
| 209 | EXO | 3 | 8 | 8afv | figs-metaphor | מִיַּ֣ד | 1 | Someone’s **hand** is a common metaphor for power and control. Use a similar image if your language has one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 210 | EXO | 3 | 8 | djbz | figs-possession | מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם | 1 | This is a possessive where the Egyptians are the subject of “the hand” which means power. The Egyptian’s use their power and control to oppress the Israelites. Use a phrase in your language that expresses the idea of a group of people having power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 211 | EXO | 3 | 8 | mqyp | figs-parallelism | אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּרְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ | 1 | There are multiple levels of parallelism here. First, the statements, **to a good and wide land** and **to a land flowing with milk and honey** are in parallel with each other. Within each of those, **good** and **wide** are in parallel with each other and also **milk** and **honey** are in parallel with each other. Each of these levels is meant to reinforce and expand on one another. These are not examples of synonymous parallelism and each part of the statement should be translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 212 | EXO | 3 | 8 | pxy8 | figs-metaphor | אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ | 1 | a land flowing with milk and honey | God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. If this metaphor makes sense in your language you may translate it, if your language has metaphors that mean a land is good for producing healthy livestock and good crops you may consider using those, if neither are the case you may translate the meaning. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 213 | EXO | 3 | 8 | dtz9 | זָבַ֥ת | 1 | flowing with | “full of” or “with an abundance of” | |
| 214 | EXO | 3 | 8 | q94i | figs-metonymy | חָלָ֖ב | 1 | milk | Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 215 | EXO | 3 | 8 | l1as | figs-metonymy | וּדְבָ֑שׁ | 1 | honey | Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 216 | EXO | 3 | 9 | a2kf | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְעַתָּ֕ה | 1 | This functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 217 | EXO | 3 | 9 | tp2v | figs-exclamations | הִנֵּ֛ה | 1 | This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “certainly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 218 | EXO | 3 | 9 | uup9 | figs-personification | צַעֲקַ֥ת | 1 | the shouts of the people of Israel have come to me | Here the **cry** is spoken of as if it was a person who is capable of moving on his own. Alternate translation: “I have heard the cries of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 219 | EXO | 3 | 9 | gwou | figs-abstractnouns | הַלַּ֔חַץ | 1 | “I have seen how the Egyptians are oppressing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 220 | EXO | 3 | 10 | y4m1 | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְעַתָּ֣ה | 1 | This functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 221 | EXO | 3 | 11 | y8cr | figs-rquestion | מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְכִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם | 1 | Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt? | Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is not the right person for the job. Alternate translation: See UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 222 | EXO | 3 | 12 | xugf | figs-youdual | תַּֽעַבְדוּן֙ | 1 | If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 223 | EXO | 3 | 13 | 8izv | figs-quotations | הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י לָהֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְאָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣י מַה־שְּׁמ֔וֹ מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵהֶֽם | 1 | This is a direct quotation containing two second layer quotes within it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 224 | EXO | 3 | 13 | lqms | grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י לָהֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְאָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣י מַה־שְּׁמ֔וֹ | 1 | Moses presents God with a hypothetical situation here. The three events (**go, say, say**) are part of one hypothetical event. You should translate this in a way that makes it clear that this is a future, not-yet-real event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) | |
| 225 | EXO | 3 | 13 | jq42 | הִנֵּ֨ה | 1 | This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. In this case, Moses uses it to introduce what he views as a probable future occurrence. Alternative translation: *when* or *if*. | ||
| 226 | EXO | 3 | 13 | 0n81 | figs-go | בָא֮ | 1 | Use *go* or *come* as makes most sense of Moses’s hypothetical action of going from the mountain to where the Israelites are in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 227 | EXO | 3 | 13 | m9uy | figs-quotesinquotes | אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 228 | EXO | 3 | 13 | vfsk | figs-quotesinquotes | מַה־שְּׁמ֔וֹ | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 229 | EXO | 3 | 13 | bkei | grammar-connect-logic-result | מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵהֶֽם | 1 | Moses is asking God what he should do as a result of the hypothetical situation he presented. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 230 | EXO | 3 | 14 | cli8 | אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה | 1 | God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.” | This is God’s response to Moses’s question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is, “I AM THAT I AM.”’” | |
| 231 | EXO | 3 | 14 | b6vk | אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה | 1 | I AM THAT I AM | Possible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live. | |
| 232 | EXO | 3 | 14 | s62u | אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה...אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה...אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה | 1 | I AM | Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.” | |
| 233 | EXO | 3 | 14 | t745 | וַיֹּ֗אמֶר | 1 | This is still God speaking. It may make more sense to omit this in some languages. | ||
| 234 | EXO | 3 | 14 | 70ge | figs-quotesinquotes | אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֲלֵיכֶֽם | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. It may also be possible to translate this as an indirect quotation, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 235 | EXO | 3 | 15 | 897b | וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ע֨וֹד אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה | 1 | As God is still speaking, it may make more sense to omit this in some languages. | ||
| 236 | EXO | 3 | 15 | 7aoa | כֹּֽה | 1 | This is the beginning of a direct quotation that goes all the way to [the end of chapter 3 at verse 22](../03/22.md). There are up to fourth layer quotations within this quotation as God tells Moses to tell the Israelite elders a specific message from God. | ||
| 237 | EXO | 3 | 15 | l962 | figs-quotesinquotes | יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֗ם אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֛ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם זֶה־שְּׁמִ֣י לְעֹלָ֔ם וְזֶ֥ה זִכְרִ֖י לְדֹ֥ר דֹּֽר | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. It may be possible to translate it as an indirect quotation, but you will need to be careful to correctly change the pronoun persons. Alternative translation: “You must tell the Israelites *that* Yahweh, the God of *their* fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, sent *you* to *them*. This is *his* name forever, and this is *his* memorial from generation to generation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 238 | EXO | 3 | 15 | ixcb | figs-merism | לְדֹ֥ר דֹּֽר | 1 | The repetition of **generation** means something like “to each and every generation,” which means for all people at all times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
| 239 | EXO | 3 | 16 | ec3v | figs-quotesinquotes | יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ נִרְאָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְיַעֲקֹ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר | 1 | General Information: | This begins a second layer quotation that continues until the end of [verse 17](../03/17.md). It contains a third layer quotation that begins at **I have certainly** and also continues to the end of verse 17. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. The closing marks for both the second and third layer quotations should not be until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
| 240 | EXO | 3 | 16 | xqy9 | אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְיַעֲקֹ֖ב | 1 | the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob | Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were three of the Israelites ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. | |
| 241 | EXO | 3 | 16 | dvsz | figs-quotesinquotes | פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הֶעָשׂ֥וּי לָכֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם | 1 | This begins a third layer quotation that continues until the end of [verse 17](../03/17.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer two layers. The closing marks for both the second and third layer quotations should not be until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) | |
| 242 | EXO | 3 | 16 | efhh | figs-idiom | פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙ | 1 | The Hebrew word meaning **attend,** visit, or observe is repeated here for emphasis. This word often means God is coming to take action. Translate this phrase in a way that communicates God’s focused, caring observation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 243 | EXO | 3 | 16 | fv77 | figs-youdual | אֶתְכֶ֔ם | 1 | I have indeed observed you | The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) |
| 244 | EXO | 3 | 16 | 55jm | figs-activepassive | הֶעָשׂ֥וּי | 1 | In some languages you may not be able to translate this as passive. Alternative translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 245 | EXO | 3 | 16 | 4vgc | figs-metonymy | בְּמִצְרָֽיִם | 1 | The phrase **in Egypt** is a metonym for the Egyptian oppressors. Alternative translation: “by the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 246 | EXO | 3 | 17 | c54k | figs-quotesinquotes | אַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֮ מֵעֳנִ֣י מִצְרַיִם֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ | 1 | This is a fourth layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer three layers. Alternatively it can be translated as an indirect quotation, see UST. If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers. In English, it looks like **’ ” ’** (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 247 | EXO | 3 | 17 | r8mg | figs-idiom | אַעֲלֶ֣ה | 1 | Regardless of the geographic realities, to **bring up** does not primarily have a literal meaning. Rather it means to bring the Israelites into a better situation. God promised to bring them up from their low status as slaves, to a place where they would be the masters of a good land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 248 | EXO | 3 | 17 | pwn5 | figs-metaphor | אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ | 1 | a land flowing with milk and honey | God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” or “a land where milk and honey flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 249 | EXO | 3 | 17 | za9l | זָבַ֥ת | 1 | flowing with | “full of” or “with an abundance of” | |
| 250 | EXO | 3 | 17 | rtr5 | figs-metonymy | חָלָ֖ב | 1 | milk | Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 251 | EXO | 3 | 17 | msf8 | figs-metonymy | וּדְבָֽשׁ | 1 | honey | Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 252 | EXO | 3 | 18 | cy2z | figs-idiom | וְשָׁמְע֖וּ | 1 | This term often means “hear and do/obey.” Alternative translation: “heed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 253 | EXO | 3 | 18 | j24k | writing-participants | לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ...אַתָּה֩ | 1 | They will listen to you | The word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
| 254 | EXO | 3 | 18 | 9na8 | figs-synecdoche | לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ | 1 | This means the elders will listen to the message Moses brings from God. Alternative translation: “to your message” or “to my message which you tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 255 | EXO | 3 | 18 | eep7 | figs-collectivenouns | יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל | 1 | This is a collective noun that refers to all the Israelites. Alternative translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]]) | |
| 256 | EXO | 3 | 18 | ot9r | figs-metonymy | מִצְרַ֗יִם | 1 | Here **Egypt** refers to the Egyptian nation. Alternate translation: “of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 257 | EXO | 3 | 18 | idp7 | figs-youdual | וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם | 1 | General Information: | If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) |
| 258 | EXO | 3 | 18 | i47o | figs-inclusive | עָלֵ֔ינוּ...נֵֽלֲכָה...וְנִזְבְּחָ֖ה | 1 | These instances of **us** are exclusive, they include Moses, the elders, and all the Israelites, but exclude the king of Egypt. If your language makes this distinction verify that you used the correct form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
| 259 | EXO | 3 | 18 | 4eal | translate-numbers | שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת | 1 | “3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 260 | EXO | 3 | 19 | qf46 | figs-metonymy | וְלֹ֖א בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה | 1 | unless his hand is forced | This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 261 | EXO | 3 | 20 | nuzx | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֤י | 1 | God says this will be a result of the king of Egypt’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will send out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 262 | EXO | 3 | 20 | yds5 | figs-metonymy | וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־יָדִי֙ | 1 | I will reach out with my hand and attack | Here **hand** refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I will powerfully attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 263 | EXO | 3 | 20 | dzsp | figs-metonymy | מִצְרַ֔יִם | 1 | This refers to both the land and the people group, then by extension to Pharaoh as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 264 | EXO | 3 | 20 | c9a3 | מִצְרַ֔יִם...בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ | 1 | Here **him** refers to Egypt as a collective. | ||
| 265 | EXO | 3 | 20 | 6dw3 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן | 1 | Here the sequential nature of these happenings is emphasized. Consider using a stronger sequential connective term than usual here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 266 | EXO | 3 | 20 | ay53 | writing-participants | יְשַׁלַּ֥ח | 1 | **he** refers to the king of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 267 | EXO | 3 | 20 | awxs | figs-youdual | אֶתְכֶֽם | 1 | This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 268 | EXO | 3 | 21 | btwc | figs-idiom | חֵ֥ן...בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | This means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to God's judgement.) **in the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. If your language has the same or a similar idiom you can translate or use it, otherwise you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 269 | EXO | 3 | 21 | 82wf | figs-possession | בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | This is part-whole possessive, also possibly inalienable possessive if your language uses a different form of possessive for things you cannot lose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 270 | EXO | 3 | 21 | s45u | הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה | 1 | “you” | ||
| 271 | EXO | 3 | 21 | uz3c | figs-youdual | תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן...תֵלְכ֖וּ | 1 | If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 272 | EXO | 3 | 21 | 19sl | figs-go | תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן...תֵלְכ֖וּ | 1 | “leave” or “go out” or “come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 273 | EXO | 3 | 21 | kt7b | figs-doublenegatives | לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ רֵיקָֽם | 1 | will not go empty-handed | This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “will go with your hands full of good things” or “will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) |
| 274 | EXO | 3 | 22 | w2av | וּמִגָּרַ֣ת בֵּיתָ֔הּ | 1 | any women staying in her neighbors’ houses | **Sojourning** means living somewhere other than one’s native land, usually temporarily. It is unclear both who the sojourning (visiting) women are and in whose house they are sojourning, leaving several possibilities. Most translations that make a decision about who they are identify both the temporary resident and her host home as Egyptian. This makes sense as the Israelites will be plundering the Egyptians. If it is possible to leave this ambiguous in your translation, that is best. | |
| 275 | EXO | 3 | 22 | 474q | figs-youdual | וְשַׂמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־בְּנֵיכֶם֙ וְעַל־בְּנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם | 1 | Each of these is a plural **you.** If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 276 | EXO | 4 | intro | kap5 | 0 | # Exodus 04 General Notes<br><br>## Potential Translation Issues<br>### Quotations<br>- There is a difficult transition between [4:4](../04/04.md) and [4:5](../04/05.md) because the quotation stops in the middle to inject a bit of narrative. When it resumes in [4:5](../04/05.md) the sentence seems incomplete (even if merged directly with the quotation fragment in [4:4](../04/04.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])<br>- Yahweh’s instructions to Moses are complex and there are up to fourth layer quotations in this chapter. Translators will need to decide if some of these need to become indirect quotations (if that is possible in their language) and use great care to use the proper quotation markings in the proper location.<br><br>### Order of events<br>- The order of events is not always clear. In [4:14](../04/14.md) Yahweh tells Moses that Aaron is coming to meet him, but Yahweh telling Aaron to go meet Moses in the wilderness is not recorded until [4:27](../04/27.md).<br>- The timing of the events in [4:18](../18/.md)-[4:27](../04/23.md), especially verse 18-19 & 27, in relation to the rest of the events of the chapter is unclear.<br><br>### Thus says Yahweh<br>The first of 400+ occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh occurs in [4:22](../04/22.md). It occurs 10 times in the book of Exodus, nine of these are between chapters 4-11. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your leaders that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the leader, that would be a good phrase to consider.<br><br>### Yahweh’s attempt to kill someone<br>The encounter recorded from [4:24](../04/24.md) to [4:26](../04/26.md) is one of the strangest and most difficult passages in the entire book. Difficulties include:<br>- To whom do the pronouns refer? Masculine pronouns are used throughout the section, but there are two possible antecedents, Moses (who is not named in the narrative) and Zipporah’s son (who was presumably also Moses’ son, but this is how he is referred to in this text, for why see below on why Yahweh did this). Most commentators believe the pronouns refer to Moses.<br>- Circumcision is described in fairly graphic detail. Different cultures will need to approach this differently. Some may have terms for circumcision, others may be comfortable translating mostly literally, others will need to use euphemisms or other strategies to translate. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br>- The meaning of the phrase **a bridegroom of blood** (ULT) is unknown.<br>- Why did Yahweh attack Moses? Many commentators conclude that Moses had neglected to circumcise one of his sons because it displeased Zipporah and Yahweh was holding Moses responsible before he returned to lead the Israelites (who should have been circumcised). When Zipporah repented by circumcising the son herself and touching the foreskin to Moses’ feet, Yahweh relents. These conclusions should help inform translation but should not be made explicit in the text.<br><br>## *Study* concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses does not understand<br>Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh’s doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Children of God<br>This chapter introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God’s firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]])<br><br>### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart<br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. Translators should simply follow the text. In Exodus 4-14 there are ten statements that Yahweh hardens Pharaoh’s heart, and ten statements that Pharaoh hardens his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |||
| 277 | EXO | 4 | 1 | j4yg | וַיַּ֤עַן מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר | 1 | if they do not believe | **answered and said** is a Hebrew expression which does not convey any extra information. Unless your language naturally uses a similar structure, it is better to translate one verb and omit the other. In this case you could use the alternative translation: *Moses answered, “But...* | |
| 278 | EXO | 4 | 1 | b3xv | figs-quotations | וְהֵן֙ לֹֽא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לִ֔י וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּקֹלִ֑י כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יְהוָֽה | 1 | This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 279 | EXO | 4 | 1 | neto | figs-quotesinquotes | לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יְהוָֽה | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 280 | EXO | 4 | 1 | 327j | וְהֵן֙ | 1 | This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like, “Listen to me.” | ||
| 281 | EXO | 4 | 2 | 87dl | writing-participants | אֵלָ֛יו...וַיֹּ֖אמֶר | 1 | “Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])<br> | |
| 282 | EXO | 4 | 3 | zycd | figs-metonymy | מִפָּנָֽיו | 1 | Here “face” figuratively represents the snake itself. Alternative translation: “from the snake.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 283 | EXO | 4 | 4 | g6bk | וֶאֱחֹ֖ז בִּזְנָב֑וֹ | 1 | take it by the tail | “pick it up by the tail” or “grasp it by the tail” | |
| 284 | EXO | 4 | 4 | bzmp | grammar-connect-time-sequential | שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְךָ֔ וֶאֱחֹ֖ז בִּזְנָב֑וֹ | 1 | This is a direct quotation that is interrupted by Moses obeying Yahweh. This is probably a tightly ordered sequence of events where Yahweh paused and then continued speaking immediately after Moses obeyed. The quote resumes in [verse 5](../04/05.md) and there is more discussion there about how to handle the resumption.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 285 | EXO | 4 | 4 | m86n | וַיְהִ֥י לְמַטֶּ֖ה | 1 | became a staff | “turned into a rod” or “changed into a staff” | |
| 286 | EXO | 4 | 5 | l4tn | figs-quotations | לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב | 1 | This continues the direct quotation from the first part of [verse 4](../04/04.md). It may be more natural to reorganize verses four and five to keep the quote together. If you rearrange like this, Moses picking up the snake/staff should come after the full quotation. However it is better to do something similar to the UST which restates that Yahweh is speaking and provides some implied directives from Yahweh to make a complete sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 287 | EXO | 4 | 5 | m4fk | figs-ellipsis | לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב | 1 | This quote is not a complete sentence, the UST provides a clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 288 | EXO | 4 | 5 | 9iok | writing-participants | יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ...אֲבֹתָ֑ם | 1 | These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 289 | EXO | 4 | 5 | oqi5 | writing-participants | אֵלֶ֛יךָ | 1 | This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 290 | EXO | 4 | 5 | jr8m | אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב | 1 | the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob | Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God. | |
| 291 | EXO | 4 | 6 | ep52 | figs-exclamations | וְהִנֵּ֥ה | 1 | behold | This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) |
| 292 | EXO | 4 | 6 | pw7g | figs-simile | כַּשָּֽׁלֶג | 1 | as white as snow | The word **like** (ULT) or **as** (UST) here is used to compare what Moses’ hand looked like. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something white. Alternate translation: “as white as wool” or “white like the sand on the beach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 293 | EXO | 4 | 7 | prr9 | figs-exclamations | וְהִנֵּה | 1 | This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 294 | EXO | 4 | 8 | well | figs-personification | לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֣ת...לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֥ת | 1 | Here the signs are spoken of as if they had a voice with which they could speak. Alternative translation: “if they do not believe you, and they are not convinced that God has appeared to you by you showing them the first sign, then they will be convinced by you showing them the second sign.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 295 | EXO | 4 | 8 | gxlg | writing-participants | יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ...יִשְׁמְע֔וּ...וְהֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ | 1 | These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 296 | EXO | 4 | 8 | lsb3 | יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ...וְהֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ | 1 | pay attention | “acknowledge” or “accept” | |
| 297 | EXO | 4 | 9 | q82r | writing-participants | יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ...יִשְׁמְעוּן֙ | 1 | These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 298 | EXO | 4 | 10 | t8i9 | בִּ֣י | 1 | This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. | ||
| 299 | EXO | 4 | 10 | w12a | לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִתְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם | 1 | have never been eloquent | “have never been an excellent speaker” | |
| 300 | EXO | 4 | 10 | opes | אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים | 1 | This expression means “a man who uses words well,” in other words an eloquent man, who can speak well and convincingly. | ||
| 301 | EXO | 4 | 10 | pk0l | figs-merism | גַּ֤ם מִתְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם | 1 | This phrase simply means, “in the past.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
| 302 | EXO | 4 | 10 | wsl4 | figs-123person | עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | Moses refers to himself as God’s servant to lower his status before God (and perhaps by doing to so make it argument of inability stronger). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 303 | EXO | 4 | 10 | bv64 | figs-doublet | כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּכְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן | 1 | I am slow of speech and slow of tongue | These phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 304 | EXO | 4 | 10 | zm3y | figs-metonymy | לָשׁ֖וֹן | 1 | slow of tongue | Here “tongue” refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “unable to speak well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 305 | EXO | 4 | 11 | ks2m | figs-rquestion | מִ֣י שָׂ֣ם פֶּה֮ לָֽאָדָם֒ | 1 | Who is it who made man’s mouth? | Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes if possible for people to speak. Alternate translation: “I Yahweh am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 306 | EXO | 4 | 11 | e1y6 | figs-rquestion | מִֽי־יָשׂ֣וּם אִלֵּ֔ם א֣וֹ חֵרֵ֔שׁ א֥וֹ פִקֵּ֖חַ א֣וֹ עִוֵּ֑ר | 1 | Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind? | Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. Alternate translation: “I Yahweh make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 307 | EXO | 4 | 11 | uq7j | figs-rquestion | הֲלֹ֥א אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָֽה | 1 | Is it not I, Yahweh? | Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 308 | EXO | 4 | 12 | kkr1 | figs-metonymy | וְאָנֹכִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־פִּ֔יךָ | 1 | I will be with your mouth | Here “mouth” refers to Moses’ ability to speak. Alternate translation: “I will give you the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 309 | EXO | 4 | 13 | brer | בִּ֣י | 1 | This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. See what you did in [verse 10](../04/10.md). | ||
| 310 | EXO | 4 | 13 | s8nl | שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּיַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח | 1 | In translating this phrase it is important to make clear that Moses is asking Yahweh to send **someone else**. He is not here accepting Yahweh’s commission. | ||
| 311 | EXO | 4 | 13 | 8ta6 | figs-synecdoche | בְּיַד | 1 | This phrase means “by a person.” The figure is of a person taking Yahweh’s message in his hand to the Israelites and Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 312 | EXO | 4 | 14 | uy2v | figs-idiom | וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֨ף | 1 | This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became angry” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom) | |
| 313 | EXO | 4 | 14 | ifax | writing-participants | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ | 1 | “Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 314 | EXO | 4 | 14 | okko | figs-rquestion | הֲלֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֨יךָ֙ הַלֵּוִ֔י | 1 | Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to suggest an alternative to Moses. Alternative translation: “I know you have a brother, Aaron the Levite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 315 | EXO | 4 | 14 | e0js | figs-kinship | אָחִ֨יךָ֙ | 1 | Aaron was three years older than Moses (see [Exodus 7:7](../07/07.md)), which may be important for translating “brother” in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]]) | |
| 316 | EXO | 4 | 14 | y5ed | figs-idiom | דַבֵּ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר | 1 | In Hebrew, the word **speak** is repeated. This means he speaks well. English cannot convey this by doubling so the meaning was translated in the ULT in this case. If your language can say something like “speaking speaks” to mean “speaks well,” consider it, otherwise translate the meaning similarly to the ULT or UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 317 | EXO | 4 | 14 | 8q64 | הִנֵּה | 1 | This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. If your language has a term that functions in that way (“Listen!” or “Look!” or “Pay Attention!”), use it here. | ||
| 318 | EXO | 4 | 14 | ettp | figs-go | יֹצֵ֣א | 1 | Yahweh says Aaron is coming from Egypt to Midian to find Moses. He is probably on foot. Depending on the language the required form of go or come may vary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 319 | EXO | 4 | 14 | 8kn8 | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְשָׂמַ֥ח | 1 | Aaron will be glad *because* he sees Moses. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST or alternative translation: “because he sees you, he will have joy in his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 320 | EXO | 4 | 14 | ew4h | figs-metonymy | בְּלִבּֽוֹ | 1 | he will be glad in his heart | Here, **heart** refers to inner thoughts and emotions. If heart is not a body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s thoughts and emotions, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 321 | EXO | 4 | 15 | u97f | figs-metaphor | הַדְּבָרִ֖ים | 1 | put the words to say into his mouth | Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “give him the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 322 | EXO | 4 | 15 | q9cf | figs-metonymy | פִּ֨יךָ֙...פִּ֔יהוּ | 1 | I will be with your mouth | The word **mouth** here represents Moses and Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will give you the right words to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 323 | EXO | 4 | 15 | v57x | figs-youdual | אֶתְכֶ֔ם...תַּעֲשֽׂוּן | 1 | with his mouth | These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual if you have one or if not use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> |
| 324 | EXO | 4 | 16 | mnsp | figs-simile | לְפֶ֔ה | 1 | This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth because he will be the one actually to vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him. Alternate translation: “He will say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 325 | EXO | 4 | 16 | gn5v | figs-simile | תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים | 1 | you will be to him like me, God | The word “like” here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 326 | EXO | 4 | 18 | j2ix | writing-participants | יֶ֣תֶר | 1 | Jethro is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 327 | EXO | 4 | 18 | cbop | figs-go | וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ | 1 | Because the setting has shifted back to Jethro’s home, some languages may need to use “come” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 328 | EXO | 4 | 18 | b6mf | figs-kinship | חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ | 1 | father-in-law | This refers to the father of Moses’ wife. Some languages may use a different term for the husband’s or wife’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]]) |
| 329 | EXO | 4 | 18 | wlit | writing-participants | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר | 1 | “and Moses said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 330 | EXO | 4 | 18 | 7zke | writing-participants | לוֹ֙ | 1 | “to Jethro” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 331 | EXO | 4 | 18 | 67yz | figs-metonymy | אַחַ֣י | 1 | “my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 332 | EXO | 4 | 18 | gq2g | figs-idiom | וְאֶרְאֶ֖ה הַעוֹדָ֣ם | 1 | Later in the Bible we are told that Moses was in Midian for 40 years. Moses’ request may have been literal or an idiom that meant he wanted to know how they were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 333 | EXO | 4 | 18 | yay3 | figs-explicit | לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם | 1 | This is a phrase of assent and blessing. It may be necessary for some languages to explicitly add, “Yes,” to the beginning of Jethro’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 334 | EXO | 4 | 19 | wwr8 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ | 1 | The timing and situation for Yahweh speaking to Moses here is not specified. Some conjecture that it was part of the narrative of the encounter with Yahweh from the previous verses but placed after his request to Jethro for an unknown reason. Another speculation is that Moses delayed returning to Egypt (either by his own choice, Yahweh’s instructions, or someone else delaying him) and Yahweh came and told him again (the UST explicitly offers this optional translation). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 335 | EXO | 4 | 20 | fua6 | writing-participants | בָּנָ֗יו | 1 | Moses’ second son is not introduced until [18:4](../18/.04.md) but had already been born before they left Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 336 | EXO | 4 | 20 | zi5m | writing-participants | וַיָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָה מִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | It is clear from [verse 24](../04/24.md) and [25](../04/25.md) that his family went with him, so you may need to translate as “they returned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 337 | EXO | 4 | 20 | 47k5 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | וַיָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָה מִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | After the incident on the road in verses [24](../04/24.md)-[26](../04/26.md), Moses’ family is not mentioned again until [18:2](../18/02.md) which says that Moses sent them back, so a translation similar to the UST which only commits to the family starting on the way to Egypt may be better. This option has the further benefit of allowing for the several events that happen before Moses gets to Egypt. The ULT’s **towards** is another way of giving space in the translation for the next several events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 338 | EXO | 4 | 20 | 7e3s | figs-possession | מַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים | 1 | There are a few possible options for the meaning of this phrase mostly concerning the question of whether or not it is the same staff that Yahweh told him to take in [4:17](../04/17.md) or a different one and in what way does God possess this staff. If an explicit interpretation is made in the translation it would be best to do something like the UST, which references back to Yahweh’s instruction in [4:17](../04/17.md). Optionally, you may further explicate God’s appointing the staff as his instrument to do miraculous works while in Moses’ hand, such as, “the staff God told Moses to take because God planned to work powerfully when Moses stretched the staff out.” Make sure your translation does not make people think the staff was a magic wand or shaman’s staff that had its own power, or power from Moses, or gave Moses the ability to command God. In every instance where miracles happened, God tells Moses to do something with the staff, Moses obeys, and then God causes a miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 339 | EXO | 4 | 21 | lva8 | figs-quotations | בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ | 1 | This begins a direct quotation that continues to the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It contains up to fourth layer quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 340 | EXO | 4 | 21 | oajf | רְאֵ֗ה | 1 | Most translations and interpretations of this verb take it to mean something like, “see that you do” | ||
| 341 | EXO | 4 | 21 | 0gqf | figs-metaphor | כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ | 1 | Here, the miracles are spoken of as if they were items Moses could carry. This may in part be because the three signs already given to Moses involved the use of his hand. Alternative translation: “all the wonders I have authorized you to perform” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 342 | EXO | 4 | 21 | kdsb | figs-metonymy | לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה | 1 | This time while, **before the face of,** still has the standard figurative meaning of *in the presence of,* it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh, so he can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 343 | EXO | 4 | 21 | ovma | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק | 1 | Referring to himself in the opening of this sentence serves to emphasize a contrast in what might be expected and what will happen. Translate this in a way that clearly contrasts the performance of miracles before Pharaoh (which might be expected to lead to him releasing the Israelites) with what Yahweh says he will do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 344 | EXO | 4 | 21 | uvoh | figs-metaphor | וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ | 1 | This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternate translation: “But as for me, I will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 345 | EXO | 4 | 21 | uudz | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם | 1 | Make it clear in translation that this is a result of God hardening Pharaoh’s heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 346 | EXO | 4 | 22 | ftde | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | This is the first of hundreds of occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your leaders that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the leader, that would be a good phrase to consider. | ||
| 347 | EXO | 4 | 22 | zb2e | figs-quotesinquotes | כֹּ֚ה | 1 | This begins a second layer quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br> | |
| 348 | EXO | 4 | 22 | teyy | figs-quotations | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | The second layer quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “tell Pharaoh that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 349 | EXO | 4 | 22 | kud7 | figs-quotesinquotes | בְּנִ֥י | 1 | This is the beginning of a third layer quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 350 | EXO | 4 | 22 | 1od0 | figs-metaphor | בְּנִ֥י בְכֹרִ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ | 1 | Some languages may need to change the metaphor here into a simile. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 351 | EXO | 4 | 22 | pt4n | figs-collectivenouns | יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | Israel is my son | The word **Israel** here represents all the people of Israel as a group. It is important to keep the singular reference to Israel as son, rather than change it to something like, ‘the Israelites are my children,’ because God is making a particular contrast here between his son and Pharaoh’s son. Some languages may not be able to use **Israel** as a collective noun and may need to choose a translation like, “the nation of Israel” or “the Israelite nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]]) |
| 352 | EXO | 4 | 22 | 8oc8 | figs-metonymy | יִשְׂרָאֵֽל | 1 | The Israelite nation is often referred to simply by the name of the patriarch. For alternative translation see: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/pt4n]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 353 | EXO | 4 | 23 | syar | figs-quotesinquotes | שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי | 1 | This is a fourth layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br> | |
| 354 | EXO | 4 | 23 | 0pc4 | figs-quotations | שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי | 1 | The fourth layer quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “...I told you to let my son go that he may serve me. But...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 355 | EXO | 4 | 23 | k7mh | figs-metaphor | בְּנִי֙ | 1 | you have refused to let him go | Yahweh continues to metaphorically speak of Israel as **my son.** See what you did at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/1od0]]. Alternative translation: “the Israelite nation which is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 356 | EXO | 4 | 23 | u825 | figs-pronouns | וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי...לְשַׁלְּח֑וֹ | 1 | The pronouns **he** and **him** agree with **son.** What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) | |
| 357 | EXO | 4 | 23 | 2g32 | הִנֵּה֙ | 1 | This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Know this” | ||
| 358 | EXO | 4 | 23 | re11 | בִּנְךָ֖ | 1 | I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn | This refers to the actual son of Pharaoh. | |
| 359 | EXO | 4 | 24 | sp6h | writing-newevent | וַיְהִ֥י | 1 | Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him | This introduces a new event. Mark the transition in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 360 | EXO | 4 | 24 | p820 | writing-participants | וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣הוּ...הֲמִיתֽוֹ | 1 | Here, it is not clear who **him** refers to. Most commentators believe it refers to Moses, but it could refer to the son, though that is less likely. If it is necessary to choose for your translation, use Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 361 | EXO | 4 | 24 | 3xy0 | writing-participants | הֲמִיתֽוֹ | 1 | Here, **he** refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 362 | EXO | 4 | 25 | m1la | translate-names | צִפֹּרָ֜ה | 1 | Zipporah | This is the name of Moses’s wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 363 | EXO | 4 | 25 | sftg | writing-participants | צִפֹּרָ֜ה | 1 | Zipporah is introduced here as a new participant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 364 | EXO | 4 | 25 | a36h | translate-unknown | צֹ֗ר | 1 | flint knife | This was a knife with a sharpened stone blade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 365 | EXO | 4 | 25 | nkxn | translate-unknown | עָרְלַ֣ת | 1 | The**foreskin** is the retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the end of the penis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 366 | EXO | 4 | 25 | l6sr | figs-euphemism | לְרַגְלָ֑יו | 1 | to his feet | It is possible that the word **feet** may have been a more respectful way to refer to the genital area of the body. However, that possibility is not high enough that you should translate it either literally as genitals or with another euphemism meaning genitals in your language. If you have a word that means primarily feet or legs, but could in some cases also euphemistically mean genitals, you may consider it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 367 | EXO | 4 | 25 | 3g3x | figs-quotations | כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽי | 1 | This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 368 | EXO | 4 | 25 | b2t3 | figs-metaphor | כִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽי | 1 | you are a bridegroom to me by blood | The meaning of this metaphor is unclear. It was probably a known saying in that culture. Alternate translation: “you are related to me by this blood” or “you are my husband because of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 369 | EXO | 4 | 26 | ceqk | grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיִּ֖רֶף | 1 | As a result of Zipporah’s action. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])<br> | |
| 370 | EXO | 4 | 26 | o4zt | writing-participants | וַיִּ֖רֶף | 1 | “Yahweh relented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 371 | EXO | 4 | 26 | 4l5u | writing-participants | מִמֶּ֑נּוּ | 1 | As in [4:24](../04/24.md) this could mean either Moses or the son, but most commentators think it is still Moses. The UST uses *anyone* to preserve ambiguity. Alternative translation: “from Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 372 | EXO | 4 | 26 | r8hj | figs-quotations | חֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים | 1 | This is a unique quotation because Zipporah probably does not speak again, rather the quotation refers back to her statement in [4:25](../04/25.md). Your language may handle this sort of quotation in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 373 | EXO | 4 | 26 | abmg | figs-quotations | חֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים לַמּוּלֹֽת | 1 | It is not clear if the quotation includes **because of the circumcision** or if that is a comment explaining the quotation. Translations are divided in where they end the quotation, but most exclude **because of the circumcision** and it is best to follow that unless a locally respected translation includes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 374 | EXO | 4 | 27 | xk6b | writing-newevent | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר | 1 | Yahweh said to Aaron | You may want to add a word that marks the beginning of a new part of the story, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 375 | EXO | 4 | 27 | qxpc | writing-participants | אַהֲרֹ֔ן | 1 | **Aaron** is introduced as a new participant. Some languages may mark this in some way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 376 | EXO | 4 | 27 | wy4n | figs-possession | בְּהַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים | 1 | at the mountain of God | See how you translated this in [3:1](../03/01.md), consult this this note: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/01/p27s]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 377 | EXO | 4 | 27 | tfn2 | translate-symaction | וַיִּשַּׁק | 1 | This was a traditional way of greeting which showed love. You can make this explicit as the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
| 378 | EXO | 4 | 28 | ad9x | שְׁלָח֑וֹ...צִוָּֽהוּ | 1 | These are a bit awkward to translate in English, so the UST adds more information. Other languages may not have the same difficulty. | ||
| 379 | EXO | 4 | 28 | b429 | writing-participants | שְׁלָח֑וֹ...צִוָּֽהוּ | 1 | he had sent him to say | The words **he** refers to Yahweh, and **him** refers to Moses. Alternative translation: “Yahweh sent Moses...Yahweh commanded Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
| 380 | EXO | 4 | 29 | y8o3 | writing-newevent | וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ | 1 | This begins a new event which you may need to mark in your translation with a transitional word like the UST’s *When.* (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 381 | EXO | 4 | 30 | bm2x | figs-metonymy | לְעֵינֵ֥י הָעָֽם | 1 | in the sight of the people | This means he did the signs so they could see them. Alternative translation: “in their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 382 | EXO | 4 | 30 | x1v3 | writing-participants | הָעָֽם | 1 | Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 383 | EXO | 4 | 31 | 8n78 | writing-participants | הָעָ֑ם | 1 | Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 384 | EXO | 4 | 31 | q1er | פָקַ֨ד...בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל | 1 | had observed the Israelites | “saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites” | |
| 385 | EXO | 4 | 31 | g83a | translate-symaction | וַֽיִּקְּד֖וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ | 1 | they bowed their heads | Alternative translations: “they bowed their heads in awe” or “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 386 | EXO | 5 | intro | kea2 | 0 | # Exodus 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A slave’s work<br>The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let my people go”<br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br>### Titles<br>The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary. | |||
| 387 | EXO | 5 | 1 | q0zv | writing-newevent | וְאַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה | 1 | This time phrase marks a transition in the narrative. Alternative translation: “After that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 388 | EXO | 5 | 1 | q9kn | grammar-connect-time-sequential | וְאַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה | 1 | After these things happened | It is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) |
| 389 | EXO | 5 | 1 | cudx | figs-go | בָּ֚אוּ | 1 | Some languages may need to use “came in” in this instance depending on how they have to set scenes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 390 | EXO | 5 | 1 | 7l1y | writing-participants | פַּרְעֹ֑ה | 1 | Pharaoh is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative for the first time since chapter two. Some languages may need to mark his reintroduction in a particular way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 391 | EXO | 5 | 1 | lu3i | כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ | 1 | This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information. | ||
| 392 | EXO | 5 | 1 | u2vt | וְיָחֹ֥גּוּ | 1 | festival for me | This is a celebration to worship Yahweh. Alternative translation: “so they can worship me with eating and drinking” | |
| 393 | EXO | 5 | 2 | v4c1 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר | 1 | Why should I…let Israel go? | The result here is exactly as God has said; therefore, a contrastive transition word is reasonable but not required given the immediate human context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 394 | EXO | 5 | 2 | lqwt | מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹל֔וֹ לְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל | 1 | This is not a rhetorical question, though Pharaoh may have spoken with contempt. Pharaoh would have considered himself a god, the Egyptians had several gods, and most people groups were assumed to have their own gods. Therefore, Pharaoh had genuinely not heard of Yahweh (who has just told his name to Moses). | ||
| 395 | EXO | 5 | 2 | wpff | figs-collectivenouns | יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל...יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | 1 | Here the nation is spoken of as an individual. Alternative translation: “nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]]) | |
| 396 | EXO | 5 | 2 | c653 | figs-metonymy | בְּקֹל֔וֹ | 1 | listen to his voice | This represent the words God spoke. Alternate translation: “listen to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 397 | EXO | 5 | 2 | 6xjp | וְגַ֥ם | 1 | This functions to strengthen Pharaoh’s statement about his decision. Alternative translation: “and most definitely” | ||
| 398 | EXO | 5 | 3 | 08ny | writing-participants | וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ | 1 | It may not make sense in all languages for multiple people to speak. Since Aaron was appointed as Moses’s spokesman, consider the alternative translation: “Aaron replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 399 | EXO | 5 | 3 | y9ip | אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָעִבְרִ֖ים | 1 | God of the Hebrews | This is a term also used for the Israelites’ God or Yahweh. | |
| 400 | EXO | 5 | 3 | kclj | figs-inclusive | עָלֵ֑ינוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה...וְנִזְבְּחָה֙...יִפְגָּעֵ֔נוּ | 1 | Here, **us** (or *we* in UST) refers to the Hebrew people (the Israelites). It exclude Pharaoh and his people. Some languages may need to consider whether to use an inclusive or exclusive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) | |
| 401 | EXO | 5 | 3 | gfs5 | figs-metonymy | בֶחָֽרֶב | 1 | or with the sword | Here “sword” represents war or an attack by enemies. Alternate translation: “or cause our enemies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 402 | EXO | 5 | 4 | kl1i | figs-rquestion | מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו | 1 | why are you taking the people from their work? | Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. Alternate translation: “stop distracting the people from doing their work!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 403 | EXO | 5 | 4 | fiw9 | figs-rquestion | לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם | 1 | This **you** could refer to *you two*, meaning Moses and Aaron, or it could mean *all you Israelite people.* The second meaning is more likely. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 404 | EXO | 5 | 5 | nqbe | figs-quotations | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה | 1 | It is unusual for the same speaker to be reintroduced like this. Some translations omit the repetition, but there is another option. This statement may be more connected to the next couple of verses, so it might be appropriate to make a minor break before this verse. Pharaoh may have been more commenting to himself, or he thought this statement and it led to his next actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 405 | EXO | 5 | 5 | todi | הֵן | 1 | This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. | ||
| 406 | EXO | 5 | 5 | c53k | figs-youdual | וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם | 1 | This means Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> | |
| 407 | EXO | 5 | 6 | ar9m | אֶת־הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם וְאֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖יו | 1 | Pharaoh may have sent a messenger or messengers to the taskmasters and officers or spoken to one or a few representatives of them at his court rather than directly speaking to them. Alternative translation: “Pharaoh gave an order for the taskmasters among the people and officers that said,” | ||
| 408 | EXO | 5 | 6 | zd4m | הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים | 1 | taskmasters | Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. These are probably the same as the *overseers of labor gangs* from [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md), but here the term is harsher. Alternative translation: “oppressors” | |
| 409 | EXO | 5 | 6 | 8opu | שֹׁטְרָ֖יו | 1 | These were probably Israelite slaves who were in charge of the other Israelites but who answered to the Egyptian taskmasters. | ||
| 410 | EXO | 5 | 6 | dxih | לֵאמֹֽר | 1 | This is a way of introducing a direct quotation in Hebrew, most translations can omit it without harm. | ||
| 411 | EXO | 5 | 7 | k6io | figs-youdual | לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן | 1 | This command was given to multiple people, if your language distinguishes between singular and plural when giving commands make sure this is a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 412 | EXO | 5 | 7 | p9nx | figs-idiom | כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם | 1 | you must no longer give | This is a Hebrew idiom meaning *in the past.* Alternative translation: “as before” or “as previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 413 | EXO | 5 | 8 | izkf | figs-youdual | תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ | 1 | If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> | |
| 414 | EXO | 5 | 8 | ro25 | translate-unknown | הַלְּבֵנִ֜ים | 1 | Hardened clay blocks for building, see how you translated in [1:14][../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 415 | EXO | 5 | 8 | dlzx | figs-idiom | תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙ | 1 | This is a Hebrew idiom meaning *in the past.* See how you translated this in [5:7](../05/07md) Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 416 | EXO | 5 | 9 | 5nz5 | figs-idiom | וְאַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר | 1 | Here words are spoken of as if they could be looked at. Alternative translation: as UST or “listen to words that are lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 417 | EXO | 5 | 10 | ozzn | writing-newevent | וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ | 1 | This begins a new scene, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 418 | EXO | 5 | 10 | x4bi | נֹגְשֵׂ֤י | 1 | taskmasters | Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [5:6](../05/6.md). See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/06/zd4m]] | |
| 419 | EXO | 5 | 10 | 0nqn | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה | 1 | This is the same quote formula as is used for when Yahweh gives a direct command. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information. | ||
| 420 | EXO | 5 | 10 | mkom | figs-quotesinquotes | אֵינֶ֛נִּי | 1 | This is a the beginning of a second layer quotation that continues until the end of verse 11. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br> | |
| 421 | EXO | 5 | 10 | 7zfp | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן | 1 | The structure of this phrase and the one that opens [the next verse](../05/11.md) create a strong contrast between what **I** (Pharaoh) and **you** (you all, the Israelites) will do. Translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between **I* and **you** if possible. Alternative translation: “It is not I who will give you straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 422 | EXO | 5 | 10 | si2e | figs-metonymy | אֵינֶ֛נִּי | 1 | Pharaoh does not physically give the Israelites straw. Rather he has commanded his servants take straw that belongs to Pharaoh and give it to the Israelites. Now he told them to stop. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 423 | EXO | 5 | 10 | gb4d | figs-youdual | לָכֶ֖ם | 1 | I will no longer give you | This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> |
| 424 | EXO | 5 | 11 | ewg6 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ | 1 | The structure of this phrase serves as the opposing side of the contrast Pharaoh sets up in the last phrase. By explicitly using a pronoun with a command he is emphasizing who will go get straw. Translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between **I* and **you** if possible. See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/10/7zfp]] for more info. Alternative translation: “Rather, it is you yourselves who must go get straw...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 425 | EXO | 5 | 11 | xe4i | figs-youdual | אַתֶּ֗ם | 1 | you can find…your workload | This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> |
| 426 | EXO | 5 | 11 | w918 | figs-rpronouns | אַתֶּ֗ם...לָכֶם֙ | 1 | You yourselves must go | The repetition of **you** emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. Alternative translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
| 427 | EXO | 5 | 11 | g5vb | figs-doublenegatives | כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר | 1 | your workload will not be reduced | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 428 | EXO | 5 | 12 | s9dk | figs-hyperbole | בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | throughout all the land of Egypt | This is an generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaoh’s demands. Alternate translation: “to many places throughout Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 429 | EXO | 5 | 12 | q7y7 | translate-unknown | קַ֖שׁ | 1 | stubble | This is the part of a plant that is left over after harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 430 | EXO | 5 | 13 | th6x | וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים | 1 | taskmasters | Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 5:6](../05/06.md). | |
| 431 | EXO | 5 | 13 | ikkf | writing-participants | וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים | 1 | The change of subject is emphasized here. If your language has a way of specially focusing on the actor in a narrative, use it here. See the UST for how that is done in English. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 432 | EXO | 5 | 13 | a5ja | י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ | 1 | This means *daily.* Alternative translation: “the daily task” | ||
| 433 | EXO | 5 | 14 | h4uo | נֹגְשֵׂ֥י | 1 | Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 5:6](../05/06.md). | ||
| 434 | EXO | 5 | 14 | unbc | figs-activepassive | וַיֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | 1 | The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 435 | EXO | 5 | 14 | eq22 | figs-rquestion | מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם | 1 | Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you…in the past? | The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. Alternate translation: “You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 436 | EXO | 5 | 14 | oh6o | figs-youdual | כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם | 1 | Here, **you** & **your** are plural. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. However, also see [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/14/emq7]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> | |
| 437 | EXO | 5 | 14 | emq7 | figs-synecdoche | כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם | 1 | cried out | Here, **you** & **your** do not simply refer to the officers, they refer to the groups of Israelite workers the officers are in charge of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 438 | EXO | 5 | 14 | liz8 | figs-idiom | כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם | 1 | This is a Hebrew idiom meaning *in the past.* Specifically, here it refers to the time before the Egyptians stopped giving the Israelites straw. See how you translated this in [5:7](../05/07md) Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 439 | EXO | 5 | 14 | zklg | גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם | 1 | This time expression refers to more recent days, ones since the Egyptians stopped giving the Israelites straw. | ||
| 440 | EXO | 5 | 15 | bk9h | writing-newevent | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ | 1 | This begins a new scene, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. The officers have gone to where Pharaoh is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 441 | EXO | 5 | 15 | thlj | figs-go | וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ | 1 | You will need to decide if go or come is the better translation in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 442 | EXO | 5 | 15 | m2nz | figs-123person | לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ | 1 | The officers refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that the servants they mean includes all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by **your servants**. Alternative translation: “us”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 443 | EXO | 5 | 16 | yeql | figs-activepassive | תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ | 1 | The text does not specify who is not giving them straw. From context, the taskmasters and by implication Pharaoh himself is the one not doing this. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters or Pharaoh the subject. Alternative translation: “You are not giving your servants any straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 444 | EXO | 5 | 16 | qp5j | figs-123person | לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ...עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ | 1 | The officers refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that the servants they mean includes all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by **your servants**. Alternative translation: “us”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 445 | EXO | 5 | 16 | hsa6 | writing-participants | אֹמְרִ֥ים | 1 | they are still telling us, ‘Make bricks!’ | This refers to the Egyptian taskmasters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) |
| 446 | EXO | 5 | 16 | 3xl3 | figs-quotesinquotes | לָ֖נוּ עֲשׂ֑וּ | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 447 | EXO | 5 | 16 | m0go | וְהִנֵּ֧ה | 1 | This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. | ||
| 448 | EXO | 5 | 16 | xrly | figs-activepassive | עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים | 1 | The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 449 | EXO | 5 | 16 | ff2k | figs-euphemism | וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ | 1 | The Israelites are indirectly accusing Pharaoh of doing wrong. Consider polite or indirect ways of making accusations in your culture to translate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 450 | EXO | 5 | 16 | l7sn | וְחָטָ֥את | 1 | “wrong-doing” | ||
| 451 | EXO | 5 | 17 | 2vso | figs-youdual | אַתֶּ֖ם...אַתֶּ֣ם | 1 | These are plural. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> | |
| 452 | EXO | 5 | 17 | 5t4m | figs-exclamations | נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים | 1 | Pharaoh repeats himself for emphasis. In your translation, make sure the idea of laziness or idleness is repeated or strengthened in a way that is natural. Alternative translation: “You are extremely lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) | |
| 453 | EXO | 5 | 17 | a8o2 | figs-quotesinquotes | נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה | 1 | Here, the king is quoting another person’s speech. This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 454 | EXO | 5 | 18 | 68ax | figs-activepassive | וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם | 1 | You can translate this in active voice if needed. Subject could be *I* (as in Pharaoh) or *we* (as in, the Egyptians or Pharaoh and his taskmasters) or *my people,* etc, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 455 | EXO | 5 | 18 | z6wt | figs-youdual | לָכֶ֑ם...תִּתֵּֽנּוּ | 1 | This means all the Israelites or the officers as representatives of all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> | |
| 456 | EXO | 5 | 19 | l9d2 | figs-rpronouns | אֹתָ֖ם | 1 | when they were told | The officers as both the subject and object because they are thinking about their own situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) |
| 457 | EXO | 5 | 19 | x6pp | grammar-connect-logic-result | וַיִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ | 1 | You may need to reorder the events in this verse in your language to put the reason before the result. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 458 | EXO | 5 | 19 | 603u | וַיִּרְא֞וּ...אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר | 1 | “knew that they were in trouble because the king said” or “perceived themselves in danger because the king said” | ||
| 459 | EXO | 5 | 20 | ve3z | writing-newevent | וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ | 1 | palace | A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) |
| 460 | EXO | 5 | 20 | 60cj | writing-participants | וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙...לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם | 1 | Here, **they** and **them** refer to the officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) | |
| 461 | EXO | 5 | 21 | kv0v | יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט | 1 | This is a form used for cursing or blessing someone; **and judge you** makes it a curse. | ||
| 462 | EXO | 5 | 21 | 4lou | figs-youdual | עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט | 1 | This refers to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a *dual* or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> | |
| 463 | EXO | 5 | 21 | j3zp | figs-metaphor | הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו | 1 | you have made us offensive | The Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to hate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 464 | EXO | 5 | 21 | d592 | figs-metonymy | חֶ֥רֶב | 1 | have put a sword in their hand to kill us | This represents an opportunity to destroy enemies. Alternate translation: “have given them a reason to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 465 | EXO | 5 | 22 | g4d5 | figs-rquestion | לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה שְׁלַחְתָּֽנִי | 1 | Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people? | This question shows how disappointed Moses was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. He is expressing that he thinks God has caused the opposite of what he promised to happen. Alternate translation: “You sent me to rescue them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 466 | EXO | 5 | 23 | v2k2 | figs-metonymy | בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ | 1 | to speak to him in your name | The word “name” here represents the message of God. Alternate translation: “to give him your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 467 | EXO | 5 | 23 | fzir | figs-idiom | וְהַצֵּ֥ל לֹא־הִצַּ֖לְתָּ | 1 | In Hebrew, **rescued** is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 468 | EXO | 6 | intro | we5k | 0 | # Exodus 06 General Notes<br><br>## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Repetition of events:<br><br>Most of this chapter is very similar to the events and dialogue in chapters 3-4. Translators should consult the decisions they made there for consistency while keeping in mind that this narrative is not exactly the same. Verses 10-12 and verses 28-30 are also very similar to each other. These events are probably a recommissioning of Moses. After his first encounter with Pharaoh went very poorly and the Israelites seem to reject him God, reminds Moses of his promises and power.<br><br>### Referring to God<br><br>A name for God (**Yahweh**) and a title for God (**El Shaddai**) are mentioned in this chapter ([6:2](../06/02.md)\-[6:3](../06/03.md)). The precise meaning of El Shaddai is not known, but most scholars think it means something like *almighty.* Translators who have worked on Genesis may find the statement that Abraham, Isaac, & Jacob did not know the name Yahweh confusing.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties:<br><br>A large portion of the chapter is devoted to the genealogy of Moses and Aaron with little explanation. Some of the people in the genealogy lived much longer than is normal for humans today. If translators are not familiar with the lengths of people’s lives in the early days of the world (as recorded in Genesis, especially chapter 5) this may cause confusion.<br><br>## Study concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Promised Land<br><br>According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. It is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br><br>### God and his people<br>In verse 7 a very important biblical theme of God being *your God* and the special relationship that his people have with him is mentioned. | |||
| 469 | EXO | 6 | 1 | lu95 | grammar-connect-time-sequential | עַתָּ֣ה | 1 | This refers to future events starting very soon. Alternative translation: “Starting soon” or “Very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) | |
| 470 | EXO | 6 | 1 | ece6 | figs-metonymy | בְיָ֤ד…וּבְיָ֣ד | 1 | my strong hand | This represents God’s actions or works. Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 471 | EXO | 6 | 1 | 7wm5 | בְיָ֤ד…וּבְיָ֣ד | 1 | It is not clear in the text whose hand (power) is referred to here. The options are: (1) Both refer to God’s hand (forcing Pharaoh’s actions), (2) Both refer to Pharaoh’s hand (forcing the Israelites out), (3) They don’t refer to the same person’s hand, the first refers to God’s and the second to Pharaoh’s. The UST has followed (1) which is the most common interpretation. Alternate translation: “by my... hand... and by my... hand” or “by his... hand... and by his... hand” or “by my... hand... and by his... hand” | ||
| 472 | EXO | 6 | 1 | 4m4g | figs-parallelism | כִּ֣י בְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וּבְיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖ם מֵאַרְצֽוֹ | 1 | These two phrases mean similar things. God says the same thing twice, in similar ways, for emphasis. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Instead, if it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let my people leave the land” <br>However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase intensifies the first by portraying Pharaoh as not merely letting the Israelites go, but as forcing them to leave the land. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let them go, in fact, I will force him to force them to leave his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 473 | EXO | 6 | 1 | sdon | מֵאַרְצֽוֹ | 1 | “from Egypt” | ||
| 474 | EXO | 6 | 2 | 5m1a | writing-newevent | וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר | 1 | There is a transition here, before this verse Yahweh was answering Moses’ question more directly. At the beginning of this verse, Yahweh is reintroduced as \*God\* because he begins to make a clarifying statement about himself and his relationship with the Israelites and their ancestors as well as his plans for the Israelites. Much of this section repeats what Yahweh has already told Moses. You may want to consider a section break before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 475 | EXO | 6 | 3 | l81y | translate-transliterate | בְּאֵ֣ל שַׁדָּ֑י | 1 | I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob | This is a title for God that many scholars think means “almighty.” You will need to decide if you will transliterate the term into your language or translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. Alternative translation: “as the strongest God of all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) |
| 476 | EXO | 6 | 3 | m27p | figs-activepassive | וּשְׁמִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָהֶֽם | 1 | I was not known to them | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but they did not know me by my name Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 477 | EXO | 6 | 3 | e36z | וּשְׁמִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖עְתִּי לָהֶֽם | 1 | This statement is very difficult as Yahweh is used throughout Genesis, including by Abraham, etc. There are many theories about what it means, the view followed by the UST is that now God is revealing a fuller meaning of his divine name to the Israelites than what Abraham, etc. had. Alternate translation: “but my name Yahweh was not understood by them” | ||
| 478 | EXO | 6 | 4 | zxvc | figs-quotations | לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן | 1 | This is the content of the covenant promise from God to his people. Some languages may need to make this part a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “ I said, ‘I will give you the land of Canaan’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br><br><br> | |
| 479 | EXO | 6 | 4 | gkkc | figs-parallelism | אֶ֥רֶץ מְגֻרֵיהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־גָּ֥רוּ בָֽהּ | 1 | These two phrases mean similar things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the land they lived in as temporary residents”; otherwise, “the land that was not their home where they lived as foreigners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 480 | EXO | 6 | 5 | l3yc | נַאֲקַת֙ | 1 | groaning | This means making sad sounds because of pain and suffering. | |
| 481 | EXO | 6 | 5 | 0l2p | וָאֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי | 1 | God remembering means he is going to take action. Alternative translation: “I will keep my promise” | ||
| 482 | EXO | 6 | 6 | rgh0 | grammar-connect-logic-result | לָכֵ֞ן | 1 | God is now telling Moses to deliver a message of what God is going to do because of everything that he said in verses 2-5. The reason-result relationship is strongly marked here so translations should make sure to use a connector that marks verse 6-8 as a result of verses 2-5. Alternate translation: “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 483 | EXO | 6 | 6 | yv14 | לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל | 1 | say to the Israelites | This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites” | |
| 484 | EXO | 6 | 6 | yg2d | figs-quotesinquotes | אֲנִ֣י | 1 | This begins a second layer quotation that continues to the end of Yahweh’s speech at the end of [verse 8](../06/08.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 485 | EXO | 6 | 6 | we3z | figs-youdual | אֶתְכֶ֗ם…אֶתְכֶ֖ם…אֶתְכֶם֙ | 1 | This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 486 | EXO | 6 | 6 | oqnw | figs-synecdoche | מִתַּ֨חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם | 1 | This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians made the Israelites do. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 487 | EXO | 6 | 6 | xyn4 | figs-metaphor | בִּזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה | 1 | **arm** here is a figurative way of referring to God’s power, influence, and capacity for action. **outstretched** means that he is using that power. Alternate translation: “by my great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 488 | EXO | 6 | 6 | efx1 | וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖ים | 1 | This refers to the plagues that God is about to harm Egypt and the Egyptians with. Each plague was a response to Pharaoh’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “and by [greatly] harming the Egyptians” | ||
| 489 | EXO | 6 | 7 | o3lb | figs-youdual | אֶתְכֶ֥ם…לָכֶ֖ם…וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם…אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם…אֶתְכֶ֔ם | 1 | Here, every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 490 | EXO | 6 | 7 | 14ev | figs-synecdoche | מִתַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם | 1 | This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians made the Israelites do. See what you did in the previous verse at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/06/07/oqnw]]. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 491 | EXO | 6 | 8 | h9ho | figs-youdual | אֶתְכֶם֙...לָכֶ֛ם | 1 | Here, every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 492 | EXO | 6 | 8 | g9ru | translate-symaction | נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י | 1 | I swore | This is an action signifying making an oath. Raising the hand may not have the same meaning in your culture so you may need to use a different symbolic oath taking action in your translation or simply translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “I promised” or “I said I would” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 493 | EXO | 6 | 8 | i3vj | מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה | 1 | This means the Israelites will own the land. Alternate translation: “as your own land” | ||
| 494 | EXO | 6 | 9 | aalj | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִקֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ וּמֵעֲבֹדָ֖ה קָשָֽׁה | 1 | In some languages it will be necessary to put the reason for the people not listening before the result. Alternate translation: “but because of shortness of spirit and because of hard service they did not listen to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 495 | EXO | 6 | 9 | 0jc7 | מִקֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ | 1 | Here, the people’s **spirit** is spoken of as something that could be measured. By calling it **short,** the author is saying they did not have very much motivation or hope. Alternate translation: “because they had no hope” | ||
| 496 | EXO | 6 | 10 | tpw4 | לֵּאמֹֽר | 1 | This is used to mark the beginning of a direct quotation, it can be omitted if unnatural. | ||
| 497 | EXO | 6 | 11 | fxf2 | figs-quotations | וִֽישַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ | 1 | This is an indirect quote, in some languages you will have to make it a direct quote. Be careful to change the third person pronouns to second if you do this. Alternate translation: “You must let the sons of Israel go from your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 498 | EXO | 6 | 12 | h7o0 | figs-metonymy | לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה | 1 | Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. There may also be a hint of impudence in Moses’ attitude that is conveyed by saying he **spoke before the face of Yahweh** Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “boldly to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 499 | EXO | 6 | 12 | iiui | הֵ֤ן | 1 | This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “as you know.” | ||
| 500 | EXO | 6 | 12 | k7hl | figs-rquestion | הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה | 1 | If the Israelites have not listened to me, why will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am not good at speaking? | Moses asked this question hoping God would change His mind about using Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since the Israelites did not listen to me, neither will Pharaoh, because I am not good at speaking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 501 | EXO | 6 | 12 | 4iul | figs-rquestion | הֵ֤ן בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֣וּ אֵלַ֔י וְאֵיךְ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣נִי פַרְעֹ֔ה | 1 | Moses is presenting a reasoned argument, since this, then probably that. Use a natural way of expressing such arguments in your language. Alternate translation: “Since the sons of Israel have not listened to me, why would you think Pharaoh would listen to me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 502 | EXO | 6 | 12 | k3br | figs-metaphor | וַאֲנִ֖י עֲרַ֥ל שְׂפָתָֽיִם | 1 | This is a metaphor that means that Moses was not a good speaker. It is somewhat crude, your translation of this phrase could convey that Moses spoke impolitely. Alternate translation: “And I always put my foot in my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 503 | EXO | 6 | 13 | 9o6g | וַיְצַוֵּם֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה | 1 | This phrase is somewhat difficult to translate. Here, **command** could also be translated as *charge* or *commission.* Another difficulty is knowing for whom the command is: is it to Moses and Aaron or are they to give the command to Pharaoh and the Israelites, thus **to** could be translated as *for* or *regarding.* Alternate translations: “and he charged them regarding the sons of Israel and regarding Pharaoh” or “and he gave them a command for the sons of Israel and for Pharaoh” or “and he gave them a commission to the sons of Israel and to Pharaoh”<br> | ||
| 504 | EXO | 6 | 14 | hh3z | writing-background | אֵ֖לֶּה | 1 | Verses 14-27 are background information. If your language marks background information with particular discourse features use them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) | |
| 505 | EXO | 6 | 14 | h195 | figs-metonymy | רָאשֵׁ֣י | 1 | the heads of their fathers’ houses | Here “heads” refers to the original ancestors of the clan. Alternate translation: “the ancestors of the clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 506 | EXO | 6 | 14 | wv89 | translate-names | רְאוּבֵ֜ן… יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל… חֲנ֤וֹךְ וּפַלּוּא֙ חֶצְר֣וֹן וְכַרְמִ֔י… רְאוּבֵֽן | 1 | Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and Karmi | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 507 | EXO | 6 | 15 | c1ni | translate-names | שִׁמְע֗וֹן יְמוּאֵ֨ל וְיָמִ֤ין וְאֹ֨הַד֙ וְיָכִ֣ין וְצֹ֔חַר וְשָׁא֖וּל…שִׁמְעֽוֹן | 1 | Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 508 | EXO | 6 | 16 | k64h | translate-names | לֵוִי֙…גֵּרְשׁ֕וֹן וּקְהָ֖ת וּמְרָרִ֑י…לֵוִ֔י | 1 | Gershon…Merari | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 509 | EXO | 6 | 16 | m36f | translate-numbers | שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת | 1 | 137 years old | “one hundred thirty-seven years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 510 | EXO | 6 | 17 | alm8 | translate-names | גֵרְשׁ֛וֹן לִבְנִ֥י וְשִׁמְעִ֖י | 1 | Amram…Uzziel | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 511 | EXO | 6 | 18 | gzm3 | translate-names | קְהָ֔ת עַמְרָ֣ם וְיִצְהָ֔ר וְחֶבְר֖וֹן וְעֻזִּיאֵ֑ל…קְהָ֔ת | 1 | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 512 | EXO | 6 | 18 | qu41 | translate-numbers | שָׁלֹ֧שׁ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת | 1 | 133 years old | “one hundred thirty-three years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 513 | EXO | 6 | 19 | p5sz | translate-names | מְרָרִ֖י מַחְלִ֣י וּמוּשִׁ֑י | 1 | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 514 | EXO | 6 | 20 | ni1l | translate-names | עַמְרָ֜ם…יוֹכֶ֤בֶד…אַהֲרֹ֖ן…מֹשֶׁ֑ה…עַמְרָ֔ם | 1 | These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 515 | EXO | 6 | 20 | mh02 | figs-kinship | דֹּֽדָתוֹ֙ | 1 | This word specifically means father’s sister. Some languages will have a term that is specific in this way and should use it. Alternate translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]]) | |
| 516 | EXO | 6 | 20 | ti6q | translate-numbers | שֶׁ֧בַע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת | 1 | 137 years | “one hundred thirty-seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 517 | EXO | 6 | 21 | f3yr | translate-names | יִצְהָ֑ר קֹ֥רַח וָנֶ֖פֶג וְזִכְרִֽי׃ | 1 | Izhar…Korah…Zichri | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 518 | EXO | 6 | 22 | n7cl | translate-names | עֻזִּיאֵ֑ל מִֽישָׁאֵ֥ל וְאֶלְצָפָ֖ן וְסִתְרִֽי | 1 | Uzziel…Mishael…Sithri | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 519 | EXO | 6 | 23 | n1xh | translate-names | אַהֲרֹ֜ן…אֱלִישֶׁ֧בַע…עַמִּינָדָ֛ב…נַחְשׁ֖וֹן…נָדָב֙…אֲבִיה֔וּא…אֶלְעָזָ֖ר…אִֽיתָמָֽר | 1 | Nadab…Ithamar | These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 520 | EXO | 6 | 24 | 7oae | translate-names | קֹ֔רַח אַסִּ֥יר וְאֶלְקָנָ֖ה וַאֲבִיאָסָ֑ף | 1 | These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 521 | EXO | 6 | 24 | i6o7 | translate-names | הַקָּרְחִֽי | 1 | This was the name of the clan of people descended from Korah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 522 | EXO | 6 | 25 | zvg2 | translate-names | וְאֶלְעָזָ֨ר…אַהֲרֹ֜ן…פּֽוּטִיאֵל֙…פִּֽינְחָ֑ס | 1 | Phinehas | These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 523 | EXO | 6 | 25 | fck8 | figs-metonymy | רָאשֵׁ֛י | 1 | These were the heads of the fathers’ houses | The word “heads” here represents family leaders. Alternate translation: “These were the leaders of the families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 524 | EXO | 6 | 26 | ft6y | translate-unknown | עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽם | 1 | by their groups of fighting men | The term **hosts** refers to a large group of people, often organized into groups for war. Alternate translation: “by their groups” or “by their divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 525 | EXO | 6 | 27 | o7xp | grammar-connect-logic-goal | לְהוֹצִ֥יא | 1 | This expresses their goal when they spoke to Pharaoh. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) | |
| 526 | EXO | 6 | 28 | xssl | writing-newevent | וַיְהִ֗י בְּי֨וֹם | 1 | This marks a transition from the record of the genealogy back to narrative. Consider placing a section break at the start of this verse. Alternate translation: “One day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 527 | EXO | 6 | 29 | 7s2n | לֵּאמֹ֖ר | 1 | This is used to mark the beginning of a direct quotation, it can be omitted if unnatural. | ||
| 528 | EXO | 6 | 30 | zyqs | figs-metonymy | לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. There may also be a hint of impudence in Moses’ attitude that is conveyed by saying he **spoke before the face of Yahweh** See how you translated this in [6:12](../06/12.md) Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “boldly to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 529 | EXO | 6 | 30 | nf3w | figs-rquestion | הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם וְאֵ֕יךְ יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֵלַ֖י פַּרְעֹֽה | 1 | I am not good…why will Pharaoh listen to me? | Moses asks this question hoping to change God’s mind. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not good…Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 530 | EXO | 6 | 30 | y4g2 | הֵ֤ן | 1 | This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “as you know.” | ||
| 531 | EXO | 6 | 30 | 18l8 | figs-metaphor | אֲנִי֙ עֲרַ֣ל שְׂפָתַ֔יִם | 1 | This is a metaphor that means that Moses was not a good speaker. It is somewhat crude, your translation of this phrase could convey that Moses spoke impolitely. See how you translated this in [6:12](../06/12.md) Alternate translation: “And I always put my foot in my mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 532 | EXO | 7 | intro | r9we | 0 | # Exodus 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracles<br>When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh’s men were able to copy these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard, strong, or heavy in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. <br><br>### Let my people go<br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br>## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter include:<br>- Moses as God to Pharaoh<br>- A number of difficult terms: prophet, signs, wonders, miracles, sorcerers, magicians, magic, judgements, canals, reservoirs<br>- The use of **heart** to refer to the seat of will and emotion<br>- Up to third layer quotations<br><br> | |||
| 533 | EXO | 7 | 1 | gy1t | רְאֵ֛ה | 1 | This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Listen carefully” | ||
| 534 | EXO | 7 | 1 | dn1s | figs-metaphor | נְתַתִּ֥יךָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְפַרְעֹ֑ה | 1 | I have made you like a god | This means Moses would represent the same authority to Pharaoh as God did to Moses. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Exodus 4:16](../04/16.md), see [this note]([[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/16/gn5v]]). Alternate translation: “I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 535 | EXO | 7 | 1 | z163 | figs-metaphor | וְאַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֖יךָ יִהְיֶ֥ה נְבִיאֶֽךָ | 1 | This phrase compares Aaron to a prophet because he will be the one actually to proclaim to Pharaoh what Moses tells him. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 4:16](../04/16.md), see [this note]([[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/16/mnsp]]). Alternate translation: “and Aaron your brother will act like your prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 536 | EXO | 7 | 2 | l44v | figs-kinship | אָחִ֨יךָ֙ | 1 | Aaron is older than Moses. Some languages will use a different term for the sibling relationship based on gender and age order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]]) | |
| 537 | EXO | 7 | 2 | hdwo | figs-quotations | וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ | 1 | Some languages may need to make this a direct quote. If so, be sure to mark it as a second layer quotation, subordinate to Yahweh’s main speech. Alternative translation: “You must let the sons of Israel go from your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 538 | EXO | 7 | 2 | 204o | מֵאַרְצֽוֹ | 1 | “Egypt” | ||
| 539 | EXO | 7 | 3 | adsq | figs-metaphor | אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה | 1 | This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md), but note the slightly different metaphor there: the heart being strong vs. hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 540 | EXO | 7 | 3 | vtt1 | figs-doublet | אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛י וְאֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖י | 1 | many signs…many wonders | The words “signs” and “wonders” mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 541 | EXO | 7 | 4 | ar0l | figs-youdual | אֲלֵכֶם֙ | 1 | Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br> | |
| 542 | EXO | 7 | 4 | e2kv | figs-metonymy | יָדִ֖י | 1 | put my hand on | The words “my hand” represent God’s great power. Alternate translation: “use my power against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 543 | EXO | 7 | 4 | 0r0r | figs-metonymy | בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם | 1 | This refers to **Egypt** as a land and everything in it, including people, animals, and plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 544 | EXO | 7 | 4 | nilu | אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜י אֶת־עַמִּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ | 1 | This phrase refers to the Israelites in three different ways, not to three different groups of people. **armies** is the same word used in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “the armies of my Israelite people” | ||
| 545 | EXO | 7 | 5 | cg3n | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְיָדְע֤וּ מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | This is the result of God rescuing the Israelites. In some languages the result will have to be placed after the cause as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 546 | EXO | 7 | 5 | npd6 | figs-metonymy | בִּנְטֹתִ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י עַל | 1 | reach out with my hand on | This represents God’s great power. Alternate translation: “show my powerful acts against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 547 | EXO | 7 | 5 | dguc | grammar-connect-logic-goal | וְהוֹצֵאתִ֥י אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִתּוֹכָֽם | 1 | The goal of God’s powerful acts was to rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “so that I bring the sons of Israel out from their midst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) | |
| 548 | EXO | 7 | 6 | iii5 | figs-parallelism | וַיַּ֥עַשׂ…עָשֽׂוּ | 1 | This repetition emphasizes the statement. Some languages can use repetition for emphasis, others will need to use another way of expressing emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 549 | EXO | 7 | 7 | g7i5 | translate-numbers | שְׁמֹנִ֣ים…שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּשְׁמֹנִ֖ים | 1 | Aaron eighty-three years old | “eighty…eighty-three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) |
| 550 | EXO | 7 | 7 | 9ou3 | figs-idiom | בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה…בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּשְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה | 1 | This is an idiom that refers to their age. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 551 | EXO | 7 | 8 | pwph | writing-newevent | וַיֹּ֣אמֶר | 1 | This verse marks the beginning of a new section, both major and minor. From here until after Pharaoh’s army is defeated at the Red Sea is the story of the plagues and Exodus proper. The next minor event is the miracle of the rods becoming snakes. Whether through discourse features of the text or making a section break and heading, this transition should be marked for readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 552 | EXO | 7 | 8 | p2kf | לֵאמֹֽר | 1 | This marks the beginning of a direct quote and is often omitted in translation when such a construction is unnatural in the target language. See UST. | ||
| 553 | EXO | 7 | 9 | jt9z | figs-quotations | כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵכֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין | 1 | When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Do a miracle,’ then you will say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake.’ | The two quotations in this verse could be stated as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh tells you to do a miracle, then you will tell Aaron to take his staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 554 | EXO | 7 | 9 | p3xh | לֵאמֹ֔ר | 1 | This marks the beginning of a direct quote and is often omitted in translation when such a construction is unnatural in the target language. See UST. | ||
| 555 | EXO | 7 | 9 | ms5o | figs-youdual | אֲלֵכֶ֤ם…לָכֶ֖ם | 1 | These are plural, refering to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) | |
| 556 | EXO | 7 | 9 | 6hfg | figs-quotesinquotes | תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 557 | EXO | 7 | 9 | s5a9 | קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | ||
| 558 | EXO | 7 | 9 | ogk9 | figs-metonymy | לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה | 1 | This time while, **before the face of,** still has the standard figurative meaning of *in the presence of,* it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh, so he can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 559 | EXO | 7 | 10 | 4q7r | figs-metonymy | לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו | 1 | This time while, **before the face of,** still has the standard figurative meaning of *in the presence of,* it is a much more literal use here. Aaron actually does this in front of Pharaoh and his servants, so they could see them. Alternative translation: “where Pharaoh and his servants could see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 560 | EXO | 7 | 10 | 3dkq | עֲבָדָ֖יו | 1 | This probably refers to the important sort of advisors that would be in the king’s court, not to common servants. | ||
| 561 | EXO | 7 | 11 | mqde | לַֽחֲכָמִ֖ים וְלַֽמְכַשְּׁפִ֑ים…חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י | 1 | **magicians** probably describes both **wise men and sorcerers** rather than being a third group. See translationWords articles for each term. | ||
| 562 | EXO | 7 | 12 | u6np | וַיִּבְלַ֥ע | 1 | swallowed up | “ate up” or “devoured” | |
| 563 | EXO | 7 | 12 | m0kw | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וַיִּבְלַ֥ע מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶת־מַטֹּתָֽם | 1 | This is a surprising and amusing twist, which was not what the magicians expected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) | |
| 564 | EXO | 7 | 12 | prnp | figs-personification | מַטֵּֽה…מַטֹּתָֽם | 1 | It may be necessary in some languages to translate the word **staff** as “snake” it had turned into one. This may be true if it would not make sense in the target language to say that a staff swallowed or ate something (because it is not living). It may also be not make sense in some languages to speak of the snakes as staffs once transformed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 565 | EXO | 7 | 13 | g42f | figs-metaphor | וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה | 1 | Pharaoh’s heart was hardened | Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md) but note that this is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 566 | EXO | 7 | 13 | 2fve | כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה | 1 | Because Yahweh’s predication precedes this event, some languages may need to place the reference to that prediction before the statement that it was fulfilled. See UST. | ||
| 567 | EXO | 7 | 14 | d27r | figs-metaphor | כָּבֵ֖ד לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה | 1 | Pharaoh’s heart is hard | Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was heavy. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md), but note the slightly different metaphor there: the heart being heavy vs strong. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh is defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 568 | EXO | 7 | 14 | qiyx | writing-newevent | וַיֹּ֤אמֶר | 1 | A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 569 | EXO | 7 | 15 | ecby | הִנֵּה֙ | 1 | This is used to draw attention to information that follows. | ||
| 570 | EXO | 7 | 15 | c5np | יֹצֵ֣א הַמַּ֔יְמָה | 1 | when he goes out to the water | There are various theories as to what Pharaoh went down to the Nile to do, but there is no need to speculate or specify in the translation. | |
| 571 | EXO | 7 | 16 | yqp7 | וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו | 1 | Say to him | “Say to Pharaoh” | |
| 572 | EXO | 7 | 16 | i4yt | figs-quotesinquotes | יְהוָ֞ה | 1 | This begins a second layer quotation that continues until the end of verse 18. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 573 | EXO | 7 | 16 | uvxe | figs-possession | אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָעִבְרִים֙ | 1 | Yahweh claimed the Hebrews (Israelites) as his own. They worshiped him. This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 574 | EXO | 7 | 16 | d16q | figs-quotesinquotes | שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְיַֽעַבְדֻ֖נִי בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְהִנֵּ֥ה לֹא־שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַד־כֹּֽה | 1 | This is a third layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layers. Alternatively, you could translate it as an indirect quotation as in the UST. If you do this, take care to adjust the pronoun person (second/third) as appropriate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 575 | EXO | 7 | 16 | cwox | וְהִנֵּ֥ה | 1 | This is used to draw attention to the information that follows. In some languages it will not be translated. | ||
| 576 | EXO | 7 | 17 | j1ev | כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה | 1 | strike the water | This is a standard formula used to introduce commands from Yahweh. See [4:intro](../04/intro.md) for more information. | |
| 577 | EXO | 7 | 17 | mywj | figs-quotesinquotes | בְּזֹ֣את | 1 | This begins a third layer quotation that continues until the end of verse 18. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layers. It is possible that the third layer quote actually ends before **Behold,** in which case in the rest of the quote **I** refers to Moses, not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 578 | EXO | 7 | 17 | jjm3 | הִנֵּ֨ה | 1 | This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. Alternate translation: “Look at this” | ||
| 579 | EXO | 7 | 18 | bsjn | grammar-connect-logic-result | וּבָאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֑ר | 1 | This will happen because the fish have died. Alternate translation: “and because of that, the river will stink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 580 | EXO | 7 | 18 | nx0q | grammar-connect-logic-result | וְנִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹֽר | 1 | In some languages you will need to put the reason before the result. Alternative translation: “In order to find water to drink from the river the Egyptians will exhaust themselves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) | |
| 581 | EXO | 7 | 18 | 350i | figs-rpronouns | וְנִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם | 1 | Here, the **Egyptians** fill two different roles in the sentence. Different languages have different methods of marking this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) | |
| 582 | EXO | 7 | 19 | jima | figs-quotations | אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים | 1 | This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 583 | EXO | 7 | 19 | 9o1q | figs-quotesinquotes | קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם | 1 | This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) | |
| 584 | EXO | 7 | 19 | wxp2 | בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ | 1 | throughout all | “in every part of” | |
| 585 | EXO | 7 | 19 | msxp | figs-possession | וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים | 1 | This possessive show composition. Alternate translation: “and in containers made from wood and in containers made from stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) | |
| 586 | EXO | 7 | 20 | zy18 | figs-explicit | בַּיְאֹ֔ר | 1 | in the river | The name of the river may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “in the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 587 | EXO | 7 | 20 | mj8v | figs-metonymy | לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו | 1 | This means in their sight. Alternate translation: “in the sight of Pharaoh and his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 588 | EXO | 7 | 22 | qdc7 | figs-metaphor | וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ | 1 | Pharaoh’s heart was hardened | Pharaoh’s stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was strong. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. This is a neutral statement (it does not say that anyone caused him to be stubborn as many others in this part of the narrative do). See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh was still defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 589 | EXO | 7 | 22 | sbic | כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה | 1 | Because Yahweh’s predication precedes this event, some languages may need to place the reference to that prediction before the statement that it was fulfilled. See UST and how you handled this in [7:13](../07/13.md) where the same sentence appears. | ||
| 590 | EXO | 7 | 23 | atdk | figs-idiom | וְלֹא־שָׁ֥ת לִבּ֖וֹ גַּם־לָזֹֽאת | 1 | This is an idiom meaning Pharaoh did not think about the meaning of the miracle he had just seen. Alternate translation: “And he did not consider what even this meant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 591 | EXO | 7 | 24 | m6zn | figs-hyperbole | כָל־מִצְרַ֛יִם | 1 | All the Egyptians | The word **all** here is a generalization that means “many.” At the least, the upper class would have sent their slaves to dig for them. Alternate translation: “Many of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 592 | EXO | 7 | 25 | 93t8 | writing-newevent | וַיִּמָּלֵ֖א | 1 | A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) | |
| 593 | EXO | 7 | 25 | 5ma1 | figs-idiom | וַיִּמָּלֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים | 1 | This is an idiom meaning seven days later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 594 | EXO | 7 | 25 | 8aut | translate-numbers | שִׁבְעַ֣ת | 1 | “7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 595 | EXO | 8 | intro | ww1y | 0 | # Exodus 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. | |||
| 596 | EXO | 8 | 3 | e7jf | figs-explicit | 1 | The river | “the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 597 | EXO | 8 | 3 | ki53 | 1 | kneading bowls | These are bowls in which bread is made. | ||
| 598 | EXO | 8 | 8 | mhn3 | 1 | Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron | “Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron” | ||
| 599 | EXO | 8 | 9 | q3e4 | 1 | You can have the privilege of telling me when I should pray for you | “You can choose when I will pray for you” or “You can choose the time I should pray for you” | ||
| 600 | EXO | 8 | 15 | lv2n | figs-idiom | 1 | he hardened his heart | “Pharaoh hardened his heart.” Here “hardened” means that he became stubborn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 601 | EXO | 8 | 15 | b47h | 1 | just as Yahweh had said that he would do | “just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do” | ||
| 602 | EXO | 8 | 19 | lk2k | figs-metonymy | 1 | This is the finger of God | The words “finger of God” represent the power of God. Alternate translation: “This is the powerful work of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 603 | EXO | 8 | 19 | z1w2 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Pharaoh’s heart was hardened | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 604 | EXO | 8 | 20 | j5n8 | 1 | stand in front of Pharaoh | “present yourself to Pharaoh” | ||
| 605 | EXO | 8 | 20 | eqd2 | 1 | Let my people go | “set my people free” | ||
| 606 | EXO | 8 | 22 | mv8w | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh through Moses. | ||
| 607 | EXO | 8 | 24 | nd6e | figs-activepassive | 1 | the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the swarms of flies devastated the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 608 | EXO | 8 | 26 | gy7d | figs-idiom | 1 | right before their eyes | This was a customary way of saying “in the presence of someone.” Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 609 | EXO | 8 | 26 | i7dy | figs-rquestion | 1 | will they not stone us? | Moses asks this question to show Pharaoh the Egyptians would allow the Israelites to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “they will certainly stone us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 610 | EXO | 8 | 29 | bf85 | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | you must not deal deceitfully any more by not letting our people go | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must begin to deal truthfully with us and let our people go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 611 | EXO | 8 | 29 | hh4q | 1 | But you must not deal deceitfully | “But you must not deceive us” or “But you must not lie to us” | ||
| 612 | EXO | 8 | 32 | sb5l | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Pharaoh hardened his heart | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 613 | EXO | 9 | intro | hqw8 | 0 | # Exodus 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. | |||
| 614 | EXO | 9 | 1 | se3f | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues talking with Moses about dealing with Pharaoh and bringing the Hebrew people out of Egypt. | ||
| 615 | EXO | 9 | 2 | l7ld | figs-parallelism | 1 | if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them back | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They will emphasize to Pharaoh what will happen if Pharaoh does this. Alternate translation: “if you continue refusing to let them go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 616 | EXO | 9 | 3 | ume2 | figs-metonymy | 1 | then Yahweh’s hand will be on your cattle | The word “hand” here represents Yahweh’s power to afflict their animals with disease. Alternate translation: “then the power of Yahweh will afflict your cattle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 617 | EXO | 9 | 3 | tn3z | 1 | on your cattle | The word “your” here refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle. | ||
| 618 | EXO | 9 | 4 | lp3t | figs-metonymy | 1 | Israel’s cattle | Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 619 | EXO | 9 | 4 | fs25 | figs-metonymy | 1 | Egypt’s cattle | Here “Egypt” refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 620 | EXO | 9 | 5 | vqz2 | 1 | fixed a time | “set a time” or “appointed a time” | ||
| 621 | EXO | 9 | 6 | cx5i | figs-hyperbole | 1 | All the cattle of Egypt died | This is exaggerated to emphasize the seriousness of the event. There were still some animals alive that were afflicted by later plagues. However, it may be best to translate this with the word “All.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 622 | EXO | 9 | 6 | gy7t | figs-metonymy | 1 | cattle of Egypt | Here “Egypt” refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 623 | EXO | 9 | 7 | puk5 | 1 | Pharaoh investigated | Pharaoh collected facts about the situation. | ||
| 624 | EXO | 9 | 7 | md84 | 1 | behold | The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw. | ||
| 625 | EXO | 9 | 7 | j51j | figs-synecdoche | 1 | his heart was stubborn | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “he refused to change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 626 | EXO | 9 | 8 | brm6 | 1 | kiln | a furnace | ||
| 627 | EXO | 9 | 9 | d2v3 | 1 | fine | very small | ||
| 628 | EXO | 9 | 9 | eyc7 | 1 | to break out on | “to quickly appear on” | ||
| 629 | EXO | 9 | 12 | p5m5 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 630 | EXO | 9 | 14 | n6wq | figs-rpronouns | 1 | on you yourself | This means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) | |
| 631 | EXO | 9 | 14 | hje3 | 1 | I will do this so that you may know | The word “this” refers to the plagues that Moses had just told Pharaoh about. | ||
| 632 | EXO | 9 | 15 | a3l8 | figs-metonymy | 1 | reached out with my hand and attacked you | Here “my hand” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “used my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 633 | EXO | 9 | 16 | nec7 | figs-metonymy | 1 | so that my name may be proclaimed throughout all the earth | Here “my name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “so that people everywhere will know I am great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 634 | EXO | 9 | 17 | h3ed | figs-metaphor | 1 | lifting yourself up against my people | Pharaoh’s opposition to letting Israel go to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he was raising himself up as a barrier to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 635 | EXO | 9 | 18 | fnd2 | 1 | Listen! | “Pay attention to the important thing I am about to tell you” | ||
| 636 | EXO | 9 | 27 | fu9c | 1 | to summon | “to call” | ||
| 637 | EXO | 9 | 29 | ajz3 | 1 | Moses said to him | “Moses said to Pharaoh” | ||
| 638 | EXO | 9 | 29 | b787 | translate-symaction | 1 | spread my hands out to Yahweh | This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. Alternate translation: “lift up my hands and pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
| 639 | EXO | 9 | 30 | tn94 | 1 | honor Yahweh God | Honoring God involves obeying him and living in a way that shows how great he is. | ||
| 640 | EXO | 9 | 31 | p1v8 | 1 | flax | This is a plant that produces fibers that can be made into linen cloth. | ||
| 641 | EXO | 9 | 31 | yu66 | 1 | barley | This is a type of grain used for making bread; also used for cattle feed. | ||
| 642 | EXO | 9 | 32 | jmq3 | 1 | spelt | This is a kind of wheat. | ||
| 643 | EXO | 9 | 33 | fa2j | translate-symaction | 1 | spread out his hands to Yahweh | This symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:29](../09/29.md). Alternate translation: “lifted up his hands toward Yahweh and prayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
| 644 | EXO | 9 | 34 | ke5k | figs-synecdoche | 1 | hardened his heart | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 645 | EXO | 9 | 35 | yxt8 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | The heart of Pharaoh was hardened | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 646 | EXO | 10 | intro | s5g1 | 0 | # Exodus 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. | |||
| 647 | EXO | 10 | 1 | w4pw | figs-metaphor | 1 | for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants | Yahweh speaks of making Pharaoh and his servants stubborn as if he were making their hearts hard. See how you translated “Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart” in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 648 | EXO | 10 | 2 | zg4c | 1 | various signs | “many different signs” | ||
| 649 | EXO | 10 | 4 | ge67 | figs-imperative | 1 | listen | This word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) | |
| 650 | EXO | 10 | 5 | zu5r | 1 | hail | Hail is raindrops that freeze while falling from the clouds. | ||
| 651 | EXO | 10 | 6 | ir5l | figs-activepassive | 1 | nothing ever seen | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing anyone has ever seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 652 | EXO | 10 | 7 | uf8c | 1 | menace | A “menace” is someone who brings trouble or harm. | ||
| 653 | EXO | 10 | 7 | xn8j | figs-rquestion | 1 | How long will this man be a menace to us? | Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to show Pharaoh the extent of destruction in Egypt. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 654 | EXO | 10 | 7 | xdm5 | figs-rquestion | 1 | Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed? | Pharaoh’s servants ask this question to bring Pharaoh to recognize what he refuses to see. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 655 | EXO | 10 | 7 | c6pr | figs-activepassive | 1 | that Egypt is destroyed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that these plagues have destroyed Egypt” or “that their God has destroyed Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 656 | EXO | 10 | 10 | hjc9 | figs-hypo | 1 | if I ever let you go and your little ones go | Pharaoh says this to emphasize that he would not let Moses take the children with them to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) | |
| 657 | EXO | 10 | 11 | pkm4 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Then Moses and Aaron were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then Pharaoh drove Moses and Aaron out from his presence” or “Then Pharaoh had his servants drive Moses and Aaron out from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 658 | EXO | 10 | 15 | b3h5 | figs-activepassive | 1 | so that it was darkened | There were so many locusts that the land appeared to be dark. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they darkened the land” or “so that the land appeared dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 659 | EXO | 10 | 17 | kd6d | 1 | this time | “once again” | ||
| 660 | EXO | 10 | 17 | nn2b | figs-metonymy | 1 | take this death away from me | The word “death” here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there were no crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop this destruction that will lead to our deaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 661 | EXO | 10 | 19 | mdp5 | 1 | picked up the locusts | “moved the locusts upwards” | ||
| 662 | EXO | 10 | 20 | dw1d | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 663 | EXO | 10 | 21 | m38s | figs-metaphor | 1 | darkness that may be felt | Yahweh speaks of extreme darkness as if it is so thick that people can grasp it in their hands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “dense darkness that people can grasp with their hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 664 | EXO | 10 | 26 | v9uc | figs-synecdoche | 1 | not a hoof of them may be left behind | Here the word “hoof” refers to the entire animal. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we cannot leave behind a single animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 665 | EXO | 10 | 27 | n588 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 666 | EXO | 10 | 27 | mv8t | 1 | he would not let them go | “Pharaoh would not let them go” | ||
| 667 | EXO | 10 | 28 | lcz2 | 1 | Be careful about one thing | “Make sure of one thing” or “Be certain of one thing” | ||
| 668 | EXO | 10 | 28 | te45 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | you see my face | Here the word “face” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you see me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 669 | EXO | 10 | 29 | h1jf | figs-idiom | 1 | You yourself have spoken | With these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. Alternate translation: “What you have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 670 | EXO | 11 | intro | pu3u | 0 | # Exodus 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh “allowing” the Hebrew people to leave Egypt. | |||
| 671 | EXO | 11 | 1 | i87h | figs-you | 1 | he will let you go from here | Each occurrence of the word “you” in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 672 | EXO | 11 | 4 | kpb5 | 1 | midnight | This is the time of 12 am (at night) or 2400 hours. | ||
| 673 | EXO | 11 | 5 | hv8k | 1 | All the firstborn…the firstborn of Pharaoh…the firstborn of the slave girl…the firstborn of the cattle | The “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring. | ||
| 674 | EXO | 11 | 5 | k42h | 1 | who sits on his throne | This phrase refers to Pharaoh. | ||
| 675 | EXO | 11 | 5 | hr1x | 1 | who is behind the handmill grinding it | “who is grinding at the handmill” or “who is behind the handmill grinding grain” | ||
| 676 | EXO | 11 | 8 | ria5 | figs-explicit | 1 | After that I will go out | This means that Moses and the people of Israel will leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “After that I will leave here” or “After that I will go out from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 677 | EXO | 11 | 10 | um4u | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart | Here “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 678 | EXO | 12 | intro | fd2f | 0 | # Exodus 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Unleavened bread<br>The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]])<br><br>### Ethnic segregation<br>The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 679 | EXO | 12 | 2 | z785 | figs-parallelism | 1 | For you, this month will be the start of months, the first month of the year to you | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the month in which the events of this chapter take place will be the beginning of their calendar year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 680 | EXO | 12 | 2 | uy4w | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | the first month of the year | The first month of the Hebrew calendar includes the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It marks when Yahweh rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 681 | EXO | 12 | 4 | xzn3 | figs-explicit | 1 | If the household is too small for a lamb | This means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. Alternate translation: “If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 682 | EXO | 12 | 4 | fu2g | 1 | the man and his next door neighbor | Here “the man” refers to the man who is the leader of the household. | ||
| 683 | EXO | 12 | 6 | lz76 | 1 | twilight | This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. | ||
| 684 | EXO | 12 | 7 | cjt7 | 1 | on the two side doorposts and on the tops of the doorframes of the houses | “on the sides and top of the way into the house” | ||
| 685 | EXO | 12 | 8 | jtn8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Eat it with bread made without yeast | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eat it with bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 686 | EXO | 12 | 8 | uxn6 | 1 | bitter herbs | These are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste. | ||
| 687 | EXO | 12 | 9 | ny3a | 1 | Do not eat it raw | “Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked” | ||
| 688 | EXO | 12 | 10 | ghk6 | figs-activepassive | 1 | You must not let any of it be left over until morning | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not leave any of it until the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 689 | EXO | 12 | 11 | ks7d | 1 | belt | This refers to a strip of leather or fabric for tying around the waist. | ||
| 690 | EXO | 12 | 11 | nzw2 | 1 | eat it hurriedly | “eat it quickly” | ||
| 691 | EXO | 12 | 11 | r789 | figs-explicit | 1 | It is Yahweh’s Passover | Here the word “it” refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. Alternate translation: “This observance is Yahweh’s Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 692 | EXO | 12 | 12 | sa5n | figs-abstractnouns | 1 | I will bring punishment on all the gods of Egypt | This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will punish all the gods of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 693 | EXO | 12 | 13 | bxm9 | figs-explicit | 1 | for my coming to you | This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. Alternate translation: “that I will see when I come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 694 | EXO | 12 | 13 | zt5d | figs-idiom | 1 | I will pass over you | The words “pass over” were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. Alternate translation: “I will not enter your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 695 | EXO | 12 | 15 | i9n3 | figs-metaphor | 1 | that person must be cut off from Israel | The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 696 | EXO | 12 | 16 | bzj6 | figs-activepassive | 1 | an assembly that is set apart to me | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an assembly that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 697 | EXO | 12 | 16 | l7pj | figs-activepassive | 1 | No work will be done on these days | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will do no work on these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 698 | EXO | 12 | 16 | qr65 | figs-activepassive | 1 | That must be the only work that may be done by you | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That must be the only work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 699 | EXO | 12 | 17 | r3qj | 1 | armed group by armed group | The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. Alternate translation: “division by division” or “regiment by regiment” | ||
| 700 | EXO | 12 | 18 | x8m9 | 1 | twilight | This refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:6](../12/06.md). | ||
| 701 | EXO | 12 | 18 | m475 | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | the fourteenth day in the first month | This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 702 | EXO | 12 | 18 | uss3 | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | the twenty-first day of the month | “the twenty-first day of the first month.” This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) | |
| 703 | EXO | 12 | 19 | aej1 | figs-activepassive | 1 | no yeast must be found in your houses | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there must not be any yeast in your houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 704 | EXO | 12 | 19 | vy72 | figs-metaphor | 1 | must be cut off from the community of Israel | The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 705 | EXO | 12 | 20 | t17e | figs-activepassive | 1 | bread made without yeast | This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:8](../12/08.md). Alternate translation: “bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 706 | EXO | 12 | 21 | y9qt | 1 | summoned | officially called | ||
| 707 | EXO | 12 | 22 | qwv1 | 1 | hyssop | a woody plant with small leaves that can be used for sprinkling liquids | ||
| 708 | EXO | 12 | 22 | c1cf | 1 | the top of the doorframe and the two doorposts | “on the sides and top of the way into the house.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:7](../12/07.md). | ||
| 709 | EXO | 12 | 23 | uu61 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | pass over your door | Here the word “door” implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. Alternate translation: “pass over your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 710 | EXO | 12 | 24 | v7z5 | 1 | this event | These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh. | ||
| 711 | EXO | 12 | 25 | l8ls | 1 | this act of worship | These words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh. | ||
| 712 | EXO | 12 | 27 | t779 | figs-explicit | 1 | He set our households free | This means that Yahweh spared the Israelites’ firstborn sons. Alternate translation: “He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 713 | EXO | 12 | 28 | r5cj | 1 | as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron | “everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do” | ||
| 714 | EXO | 12 | 29 | zm1l | 1 | at midnight | “in the middle of the night” | ||
| 715 | EXO | 12 | 29 | uj6u | 1 | all the firstborn in the land of Egypt…all the firstborn of cattle | Here, “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 11:5](../11/05.md). | ||
| 716 | EXO | 12 | 29 | il1d | 1 | who sat on his throne | This refers to Pharaoh. | ||
| 717 | EXO | 12 | 29 | g9z1 | 1 | the firstborn of the person in prison | “to the firstborn of people in prison.” This refers to prisoners, in general, and not to a specific person in prison. | ||
| 718 | EXO | 12 | 30 | cfj8 | figs-abstractnouns | 1 | There was loud lamenting in Egypt | This can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “All the Egyptians cried loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 719 | EXO | 12 | 30 | gt4w | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | for there was not a house where there was not someone dead | This double negative emphasizes the positive. Alternate translation: “because someone was dead in every house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 720 | EXO | 12 | 33 | j5u4 | figs-explicit | 1 | We will all die | The Egyptians were afraid that they would die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “We will all die if you do not leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 721 | EXO | 12 | 34 | diw8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Their kneading bowls were already tied up in their clothes and on their shoulders | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They had already tied up their kneading bowls in their clothes and on their shoulders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 722 | EXO | 12 | 37 | n1ha | 1 | Rameses | Rameses was a major Egyptian city where grain was stored. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md). | ||
| 723 | EXO | 12 | 37 | u81l | translate-numbers | 1 | They numbered about 600,000 men | “They numbered about six hundred thousand men.” The total number of men was about 600,000. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 724 | EXO | 12 | 39 | x96c | 1 | bread without yeast in the dough | “bread with dough that did not contain yeast” | ||
| 725 | EXO | 12 | 39 | pva6 | figs-activepassive | 1 | they had been driven out of Egypt | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians had driven them out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 726 | EXO | 12 | 40 | qsi5 | translate-numbers | 1 | 430 years | “four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 727 | EXO | 12 | 41 | d8yh | translate-numbers | 1 | 430 years | “four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 728 | EXO | 12 | 41 | xlf4 | 1 | Yahweh’s armed groups | This refers to the tribes of Israel. See how you translated “armed group” in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md). | ||
| 729 | EXO | 12 | 42 | f3m6 | figs-activepassive | 1 | to be observed by all the Israelites | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that all the Israelites were to observe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 730 | EXO | 12 | 42 | w6mj | 1 | all the Israelites throughout their people’s generations | “all the Israelites and the all the generations of their descendants” | ||
| 731 | EXO | 12 | 43 | pby5 | 1 | No foreigner may share in eating it | The pronoun “it” refers to the Passover meal. | ||
| 732 | EXO | 12 | 44 | n9wn | 1 | every Israelite’s slave | “any slave of an Israelite” | ||
| 733 | EXO | 12 | 44 | xat2 | figs-activepassive | 1 | bought with money | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Israelite has bought with money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 734 | EXO | 12 | 46 | j242 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The food must be eaten in one house | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Each Israelite family must eat the food in one house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 735 | EXO | 12 | 46 | ycd9 | 1 | you must not break any bone of it | “you must not break any of its bones.” Here the word “it” refers to the lamb which the Israelite family will eat. | ||
| 736 | EXO | 12 | 48 | h7k9 | figs-activepassive | 1 | all his male relatives must be circumcised | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must circumcise all his male relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 737 | EXO | 12 | 48 | hi4z | figs-idiom | 1 | the people who were born in the land | Here the word “land” refers to Canaan. The expression “born in the land” means a person who is a native Israelite. Alternate translation: “those who are Israelites by birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 738 | EXO | 12 | 48 | f9ti | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | no uncircumcised person may eat | This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “only circumcised people may eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 739 | EXO | 12 | 50 | agw6 | 1 | as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron | “everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do” | ||
| 740 | EXO | 12 | 51 | e3z3 | 1 | It came about | This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | ||
| 741 | EXO | 12 | 51 | tyj3 | 1 | by their armed groups | The term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. See how you translated “armed group” in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md). Alternate translation: “by their divisions” or “by their regiments” | ||
| 742 | EXO | 13 | intro | g9qi | 0 | # Exodus 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law<br>The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic “rule.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave. | |||
| 743 | EXO | 13 | 2 | de3u | 1 | Set apart to me…every firstborn male | God requires that every firstborn male child be set apart for him. | ||
| 744 | EXO | 13 | 3 | nwq6 | figs-idiom | 1 | Call this day to mind | The words “Call…to mind” were a customary way of telling someone to remember something. Alternate translation: “Remember and celebrate this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 745 | EXO | 13 | 3 | en1s | figs-metaphor | 1 | the house of slavery | Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 746 | EXO | 13 | 3 | yjy5 | figs-metonymy | 1 | Yahweh’s strong hand | Here the word “hand” refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 747 | EXO | 13 | 3 | c6ee | figs-activepassive | 1 | No bread with yeast may be eaten | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not eat bread with yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 748 | EXO | 13 | 4 | y1f3 | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | the month of Aviv | This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 749 | EXO | 13 | 5 | x89s | 1 | you must observe this act of worship | When the Israelites live in Canaan, they must celebrate the Passover on this day each year. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 12:25](../12/25.md). | ||
| 750 | EXO | 13 | 6 | tf79 | 1 | General Information: | Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. | ||
| 751 | EXO | 13 | 6 | vwy9 | translate-numbers | 1 | For seven days | “For 7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 752 | EXO | 13 | 7 | n41m | figs-activepassive | 1 | Bread without yeast must be eaten | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat bread without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 753 | EXO | 13 | 7 | le33 | figs-activepassive | 1 | no bread with yeast may be seen among you | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any bread with yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 754 | EXO | 13 | 7 | c9kr | figs-activepassive | 1 | No yeast may be seen with you | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 755 | EXO | 13 | 7 | dmv1 | 1 | within any of your borders | “inside any of the borders of your land” | ||
| 756 | EXO | 13 | 8 | qum9 | figs-quotations | 1 | On that day you are to say to your children, ‘This is because of what Yahweh did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ | The quotation can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “On that day you are to tell your children that this is because of what Yahweh did for you when you came out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 757 | EXO | 13 | 9 | p21h | figs-parallelism | 1 | This will be a reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your forehead | These are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 758 | EXO | 13 | 9 | s7zg | figs-metaphor | 1 | a reminder for you on your hand | Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their hands to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your hand as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 759 | EXO | 13 | 9 | mru4 | figs-metaphor | 1 | a reminder on your forehead | Moses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their foreheads to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your head as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 760 | EXO | 13 | 9 | b6ny | figs-metonymy | 1 | so the law of Yahweh may be in your mouth | The words “in your mouth” here refers to the words that they speak. Alternate translation: “so you may always be speaking of the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 761 | EXO | 13 | 9 | w5rm | figs-metonymy | 1 | strong hand | The word “hand” here represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 762 | EXO | 13 | 11 | iqh5 | 1 | when he gives the land to you | “when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you” | ||
| 763 | EXO | 13 | 13 | lwv5 | 1 | Every firstborn of a donkey | Israel is given a choice to kill the firstborn donkey or buy it back with a lamb. | ||
| 764 | EXO | 13 | 14 | s8cm | figs-quotations | 1 | When your son asks you later, ‘What does this mean?’ then you are to tell him | The first quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “When your son asks you later what this means, then you are to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 765 | EXO | 13 | 14 | qr7q | figs-metonymy | 1 | strong hand | The word “hand” here represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 766 | EXO | 13 | 14 | rcz7 | figs-metaphor | 1 | the house of slavery | Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](../13/03.md). Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 767 | EXO | 13 | 16 | bse4 | figs-parallelism | 1 | become a reminder on your hands, and a reminder on your forehead | This expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 13:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 768 | EXO | 13 | 17 | c3c2 | 1 | was nearby | “was close to where they were located” | ||
| 769 | EXO | 13 | 17 | mzi7 | 1 | the people will change their minds…and…return to Egypt | Since Israelites had lived in slavery all their lives, they were more accustomed to peace than to war and would rather return to slavery than fight. | ||
| 770 | EXO | 13 | 20 | xq5d | translate-names | 1 | camped at Etham | Etham is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 771 | EXO | 13 | 21 | jnv8 | 1 | pillar of cloud…pillar of fire | “a cloud in the shape of a column…fire in the shape of a column.” God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night. | ||
| 772 | EXO | 14 | intro | jq4u | 0 | # Exodus 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the “parting of the Sea of Reeds.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>### Pharaoh’s chariots<br>These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) | |||
| 773 | EXO | 14 | 2 | mb4e | translate-names | 1 | Pi Hahiroth…Migdol…Baal Zephon | These are towns on Egypt’s eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 774 | EXO | 14 | 2 | c9r8 | figs-you | 1 | You are to camp | Here the word “You” is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 775 | EXO | 14 | 3 | c81b | figs-quotations | 1 | Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, ‘They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.’ | This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will say the Israelites are wandering in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 776 | EXO | 14 | 3 | tz6j | figs-personification | 1 | The wilderness has closed in on them | Pharaoh speaks of the wilderness as a person who has trapped the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 777 | EXO | 14 | 4 | mm7j | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do. | ||
| 778 | EXO | 14 | 4 | dv62 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | I will harden Pharaoh’s heart | Here “heart” refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 779 | EXO | 14 | 4 | tw2m | 1 | he will pursue them | “Pharaoh will pursue the Israelites” | ||
| 780 | EXO | 14 | 4 | d5x1 | 1 | I will get honor | “People will honor me” | ||
| 781 | EXO | 14 | 4 | ejn5 | 1 | The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh | “The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God” | ||
| 782 | EXO | 14 | 4 | dms1 | figs-activepassive | 1 | So the Israelites camped as they were instructed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites camped as Yahweh had instructed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 783 | EXO | 14 | 5 | t4cn | figs-activepassive | 1 | When the king of Egypt was told | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone told the king of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 784 | EXO | 14 | 5 | nh6d | 1 | the king of Egypt | This refers to Pharaoh. | ||
| 785 | EXO | 14 | 5 | it5s | 1 | had fled | “had run away” | ||
| 786 | EXO | 14 | 5 | k67b | figs-metonymy | 1 | the minds of Pharaoh and his servants turned against the people | Here the word “minds” refers to their attitudes towards the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh and his servants changed their attitudes about the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 787 | EXO | 14 | 5 | v236 | figs-rquestion | 1 | What have we done? We have released Israel from serving us. | They asked this question to show they thought they had done a foolish thing. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 788 | EXO | 14 | 7 | ry11 | translate-numbers | 1 | He took six hundred chosen chariots | “He took 600 of his best chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 789 | EXO | 14 | 8 | a1r1 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh | Here “heart” refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 790 | EXO | 14 | 9 | sb7x | translate-names | 1 | Pi Hahiroth…Baal Zephon | These are towns on Egypt’s eastern border. See how you translated them in [Exodus 14:2](../14/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 791 | EXO | 14 | 10 | s1xa | figs-synecdoche | 1 | When Pharaoh came close | The word “Pharaoh” here represents the entire Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh and his army came close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 792 | EXO | 14 | 10 | qcy1 | 1 | they were terrified | “the Israelites were terrified” | ||
| 793 | EXO | 14 | 11 | vzw5 | figs-rquestion | 1 | Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? | The Israelites ask this question to express their frustration and fear of dying. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There were plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 794 | EXO | 14 | 11 | x4n2 | figs-rquestion | 1 | Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt? | The Israelites ask this question to rebuke Moses for bringing them to the desert to die. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have treated us like this by bringing us out of Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 795 | EXO | 14 | 12 | itb2 | figs-rquestion | 1 | Is this not what we told you in Egypt? | The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 796 | EXO | 14 | 12 | ix25 | figs-quotations | 1 | We said to you, ‘Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.’ | This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “We told you to leave us alone, so we could work for the Egyptians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 797 | EXO | 14 | 13 | lat4 | 1 | Moses said to the people | Moses responds to the Israelites’ fears. | ||
| 798 | EXO | 14 | 13 | rrd4 | figs-you | 1 | provide for you | The pronoun “you” refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 799 | EXO | 14 | 13 | h5n4 | figs-euphemism | 1 | For you will never see again the Egyptians | Moses used a polite way of saying God was going to destroy the Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “For God will kill the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 800 | EXO | 14 | 15 | a727 | figs-rquestion | 1 | Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me? | Moses apparently had been praying to God for help so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not call out to me any longer, Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 801 | EXO | 14 | 16 | t3e4 | 1 | divide it in two | “divide the sea into two parts” | ||
| 802 | EXO | 14 | 17 | z5ub | 1 | Be aware | “Know” | ||
| 803 | EXO | 14 | 17 | qd3l | figs-synecdoche | 1 | I will harden the Egyptians’ hearts | Here “hearts” refers to the Egyptians themselves. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause the Egyptians to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 804 | EXO | 14 | 17 | asz9 | 1 | so they will go after them | “so that the Egyptians will go into the sea after the Israelites” | ||
| 805 | EXO | 14 | 20 | wgr4 | 1 | the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel | “the Egyptian army and the Israelite people” | ||
| 806 | EXO | 14 | 20 | c4u5 | 1 | so one side did not come near the other | This means that the Egyptians and the Israelites could not approach one another. | ||
| 807 | EXO | 14 | 21 | dfx5 | 1 | east wind | An east wind originates in the east and blows towards the west. | ||
| 808 | EXO | 14 | 21 | hqx7 | 1 | east | where the sun rises | ||
| 809 | EXO | 14 | 21 | f9zh | figs-activepassive | 1 | the waters were divided | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh divided the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 810 | EXO | 14 | 22 | fky6 | 1 | on their right hand and on their left | “on each side of them” or “on both sides of them” | ||
| 811 | EXO | 14 | 24 | iz9t | 1 | He caused panic among the Egyptians | Panic is when someone becomes so afraid that they cannot think normally. | ||
| 812 | EXO | 14 | 25 | qdp8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Their chariot wheels were clogged | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Mud clogged their chariot wheels” or “Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 813 | EXO | 14 | 26 | p5ds | 1 | Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.” | This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to reach out with his hand over the sea so that the waters would come back onto the Egyptians, their chariots, and their horsemen.” | ||
| 814 | EXO | 14 | 26 | w59j | 1 | come back onto | “fall on” | ||
| 815 | EXO | 14 | 27 | wn3q | 1 | The Egyptians fled into the sea | Since the sea was closing in on top of the Egyptians, instead of escaping, they were actually running right into the water. | ||
| 816 | EXO | 14 | 27 | h64r | 1 | Yahweh drove the Egyptians | “Yahweh pushed the Egyptians” or “Yahweh threw the Egyptians” | ||
| 817 | EXO | 14 | 30 | e2lf | figs-metonymy | 1 | out of the hand of the Egyptians | Here the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the Egyptians’ power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 818 | EXO | 14 | 30 | p5zw | 1 | on the seashore | “on the land along the edge of the sea” | ||
| 819 | EXO | 15 | intro | ni4b | 0 | # Exodus 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic songs in 15:1-18 and 15:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s laws<br>In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahweh’s laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) | |||
| 820 | EXO | 15 | 1 | f5zr | 1 | General Information: | This is a song about the events that happened in [Exodus 14:26-28](../14/26.md). | ||
| 821 | EXO | 15 | 1 | kw29 | figs-explicit | 1 | he has triumphed gloriously | It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 822 | EXO | 15 | 1 | f6ue | figs-metaphor | 1 | the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea | Moses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider” or “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 823 | EXO | 15 | 1 | cr5u | figs-genericnoun | 1 | the horse and its rider | This refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the horses and their riders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) | |
| 824 | EXO | 15 | 1 | ex3p | 1 | rider | This is a person who sits on a horse or travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling. | ||
| 825 | EXO | 15 | 2 | pb23 | figs-metonymy | 1 | Yahweh is my strength | Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or (2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 826 | EXO | 15 | 2 | vk6l | figs-metonymy | 1 | song | Moses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 827 | EXO | 15 | 2 | kbv7 | figs-metonymy | 1 | he has become my salvation | Moses calls God his salvation because God saved him. Alternate translation: “he has saved me” or “he is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 828 | EXO | 15 | 3 | p1d5 | figs-metaphor | 1 | Yahweh is a warrior | Moses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 829 | EXO | 15 | 4 | p8w6 | figs-metaphor | 1 | He has thrown Pharaoh’s chariots and army into the sea | Moses sings about God causing the sea to cover Pharaohs chariots and army as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over Pharaoh’s chariots and army” or “He has made Pharaoh’s chariot riders and army drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 830 | EXO | 15 | 5 | nqe4 | figs-simile | 1 | they went down into the depths like a stone | Just as a stone does not float but sinks to the bottom of the sea, the enemy soldiers sank to the bottom of the sea. Alternate translation: “they went down into the deep water like a stone sinking to the bottom of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 831 | EXO | 15 | 6 | x1fz | figs-metonymy | 1 | Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in power | Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God’s power or the things God does powerfully. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power is glorious” or “Yahweh, what you do is glorious in power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 832 | EXO | 15 | 6 | p1u6 | figs-metonymy | 1 | your right hand, Yahweh, has shattered the enemy | Moses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power has shattered the enemy” or “Yahweh, by your power you have shattered the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 833 | EXO | 15 | 6 | rmd4 | figs-metaphor | 1 | has shattered the enemy | Moses speaks of the enemy as if it were fragile and could be shattered like glass or pottery. Alternate translation: “has completely destroyed the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 834 | EXO | 15 | 7 | nd3t | figs-metaphor | 1 | those who rose up against you | Rebelling against God is spoken of as rising up against him. Alternate translation: “those who rebelled against you” or “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 835 | EXO | 15 | 7 | glq7 | figs-personification | 1 | You sent out your wrath | Moses speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a servant that God sent out to do something. Alternate translation: “You showed your wrath” or “You acted according to your wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 836 | EXO | 15 | 7 | a5x7 | figs-metaphor | 1 | it consumed them like stubble | Moses speaks of God’s wrath as if it were fire that could completely burn up things. His enemies were completely destroyed like stubble in a fire. Alternate translation: “it completely destroyed your enemies like a fire that burns up straw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 837 | EXO | 15 | 8 | ic8v | figs-personification | 1 | By the blast of your nostrils | Moses speaks of God as if God had a nose, and he speaks of the wind as if God blew the wind from his nose. Alternate translation: “You blew on the sea and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 838 | EXO | 15 | 9 | d8nk | figs-activepassive | 1 | my desire will be satisfied on them | This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my desire on them” or “I will take all I want from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 839 | EXO | 15 | 9 | sm77 | figs-metonymy | 1 | my hand will destroy them | The enemies speak of destroying the Israelites by the power of their hands as if it were their hands that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them with my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 840 | EXO | 15 | 10 | yrj5 | figs-metaphor | 1 | But you blew with your wind | Moses spoke about God making the wind blow as if God blew the wind through his nose or mouth. Alternate translation: “But you made the wind blow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 841 | EXO | 15 | 10 | f7d3 | figs-simile | 1 | sank like lead in the mighty waters | Lead is a heavy metal that is commonly used to make things sink in water. The word “lead” here is used to show how fast God’s enemies were destroyed. Alternate translation: “sank as fast as lead in the deep turbulent waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 842 | EXO | 15 | 11 | wq2s | figs-rquestion | 1 | Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods? | Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: “O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!” or “Yahweh, none of the gods is like you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 843 | EXO | 15 | 11 | pp57 | figs-rquestion | 1 | Who is like you,…doing miracles? | Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: No one is like you. No one is majestic in holiness as you are, no one is honored in praises as you are, and no one does miracles as you do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 844 | EXO | 15 | 12 | cid8 | figs-metonymy | 1 | with your right hand | The phrase “right hand” represents the strong power of God. Alternate translation: “with your strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 845 | EXO | 15 | 12 | bkg2 | figs-metaphor | 1 | You reached out with your right hand | Moses speaks about God causing something to happen as if God reached out with his hand. Alternate translation: “With your strong power you made it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 846 | EXO | 15 | 12 | g7bv | figs-personification | 1 | the earth swallowed them | Moses personifies the earth as if it could swallow or devour with it’s mouth. Alternate translation: “the earth devoured them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 847 | EXO | 15 | 14 | zi1m | 1 | tremble | This means to shake because you are afraid. | ||
| 848 | EXO | 15 | 14 | uqf7 | figs-personification | 1 | terror will seize the inhabitants of Philistia | Moses speaks of terror as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “the inhabitants of Philistia will be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 849 | EXO | 15 | 15 | ya48 | figs-metaphor | 1 | will melt away | Moses speaks of people becoming weak from their fear as melting away. Alternate translation: “will be weak from fear” or “will be afraid and faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 850 | EXO | 15 | 16 | m1kt | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Moses continues to sing about how the people of other nations will feel when they see God’s people. | ||
| 851 | EXO | 15 | 16 | nk67 | figs-doublet | 1 | Terror and dread will fall on them | These two words mean that fear will come upon them. Alternate translation: “Fear will come upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 852 | EXO | 15 | 16 | fc8v | 1 | dread | Dread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen. | ||
| 853 | EXO | 15 | 16 | t2yp | figs-metonymy | 1 | Because of your arm’s power | God’s arm represents his great strength. Alternate translation: “Because of your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 854 | EXO | 15 | 16 | umm7 | figs-simile | 1 | they will become as still as a stone | Possible meanings are (1) “They will be silent like stone” or (2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 855 | EXO | 15 | 17 | n5i5 | figs-explicit | 1 | You will bring them | Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use “take” rather than “bring.” Alternate translation: “You will take your people to Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) | |
| 856 | EXO | 15 | 17 | t6wg | figs-metaphor | 1 | plant them on the mountain | Moses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. Alternate translation: “settle them on the mountain” or “let them live on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 857 | EXO | 15 | 17 | p7kb | 1 | the mountain of your inheritance | This refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan. | ||
| 858 | EXO | 15 | 17 | ie26 | figs-metaphor | 1 | of your inheritance | Moses speaks about God promising to give his people the mountain forever as if he were giving it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “that you have given them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 859 | EXO | 15 | 17 | ytz3 | figs-metonymy | 1 | that your hands have built | The phrase “your hands” refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “that you have built by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) | |
| 860 | EXO | 15 | 20 | g7s6 | translate-names | 1 | Miriam…Aaron | Miriam was the older sister of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 861 | EXO | 15 | 20 | gam2 | translate-unknown | 1 | tambourine | This is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 862 | EXO | 15 | 21 | f6m3 | figs-explicit | 1 | he has triumphed gloriously | It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 863 | EXO | 15 | 21 | hvu1 | figs-metaphor | 1 | The horse and his rider he has thrown into the sea | Miriam sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “He has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 864 | EXO | 15 | 22 | iw9n | figs-metonymy | 1 | Moses led Israel | The word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Moses led the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 865 | EXO | 15 | 22 | c7pe | translate-names | 1 | wilderness of Shur | We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 866 | EXO | 15 | 23 | a9pv | translate-names | 1 | Marah | We do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 867 | EXO | 15 | 24 | n64m | 1 | complained to Moses and said | “were unhappy and told Moses” or “angrily told Moses” | ||
| 868 | EXO | 15 | 26 | l2hx | figs-123person | 1 | the voice of Yahweh your God | Yahweh is speaking about his own voice. His voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “my voice” or “what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 869 | EXO | 15 | 26 | sq5x | figs-metaphor | 1 | do what is right in his eyes | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “do what Yahweh considers to be right”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 870 | EXO | 15 | 26 | m4cn | figs-metaphor | 1 | I will put on you none of the diseases | God speaks of causing people to have diseases as putting diseases on them. Alternate translation: “I will not cause any of you to have the diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 871 | EXO | 15 | 27 | did8 | translate-names | 1 | Elim | This is an oasis in the desert, a place with water and shade trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 872 | EXO | 15 | 27 | ark9 | translate-numbers | 1 | twelve | “12” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 873 | EXO | 15 | 27 | p64y | translate-numbers | 1 | seventy | “70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 874 | EXO | 16 | intro | nkd7 | 0 | # Exodus 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Complaints<br>The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Prohibition against storing food<br>The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Sabbath<br>This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>### Ark of the covenant<br>Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](../../exo/16/34.md). This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |||
| 875 | EXO | 16 | 1 | gw67 | translate-names | 1 | wilderness of Sin | The word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 876 | EXO | 16 | 1 | h44x | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | on the fifteenth day of the second month | This time coincides with the end of April and the beginning of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “on day 15 of the second month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 877 | EXO | 16 | 2 | h938 | figs-hyperbole | 1 | The whole community of Israelites complained | “All the Israelites complained.” This is a generalization. Moses and Aaron did not complain. Alternate translation: “The Israelites complained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
| 878 | EXO | 16 | 2 | nx6f | 1 | complained | “were angry and spoke” | ||
| 879 | EXO | 16 | 3 | nwy6 | 1 | If only we had died | This is a way of saying that they wished that they had died. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had died” | ||
| 880 | EXO | 16 | 3 | g1n1 | figs-metonymy | 1 | by Yahweh’s hand | The phrase “Yahweh’s hand” represents Yahweh’s action. Alternate translation: “by Yahweh’s action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 881 | EXO | 16 | 4 | kls5 | figs-metaphor | 1 | I will rain down bread from heaven for you | God speaks of food coming down from heaven as if it were rain. Alternate translation: “I will make bread come down from heaven like rain” or “I will make bread fall to you from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 882 | EXO | 16 | 4 | i1xw | figs-metaphor | 1 | bread | God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 883 | EXO | 16 | 4 | se28 | figs-metaphor | 1 | walk in my law | God speaks of obeying his law as walking in it. Alternate translation: “obey my law” or “live according to my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 884 | EXO | 16 | 4 | yew5 | 1 | my law | “my command” | ||
| 885 | EXO | 16 | 5 | p1f6 | 1 | It will come about on the sixth day, that they | “It will happen on the sixth day that they” or “On the sixth day they” | ||
| 886 | EXO | 16 | 5 | cl74 | translate-numbers | 1 | on the sixth day | “on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 887 | EXO | 16 | 5 | t5il | 1 | twice | two times | ||
| 888 | EXO | 16 | 7 | zb21 | figs-rquestion | מָ֔ה כִּ֥י תלונו | 1 | Who are we for you to complain against us? | Moses and Aaron used this question to show the people that it was foolish to complain against them. Alternate translation: “We are not powerful enough for you to complain against us.” or “It is foolish to complain against us, because we cannot do what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 889 | EXO | 16 | 8 | v8rq | figs-metaphor | 1 | bread | Moses speaks of the food that God will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 890 | EXO | 16 | 8 | pn4e | figs-rquestion | 1 | Who are Aaron and I? | Moses used this question to show the people that he and Aaron did not have the power to give them what they wanted. Alternate translation: “Aaron and I cannot give you what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 891 | EXO | 16 | 8 | vdr8 | figs-explicit | 1 | Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh | The people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahweh’s servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. Alternate translation: Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 892 | EXO | 16 | 10 | q4ax | 1 | It came about | This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. The important event here is the people seeing Yahweh’s glory. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | ||
| 893 | EXO | 16 | 10 | b6rp | 1 | behold | The word “behold” here shows that the people saw something interesting. | ||
| 894 | EXO | 16 | 12 | g7xc | figs-metaphor | 1 | bread | God speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 895 | EXO | 16 | 13 | aas8 | 1 | It came about…that | This phrase is used here to mark an important part of the events. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. | ||
| 896 | EXO | 16 | 13 | eu1x | translate-unknown | 1 | quails | These are small, plump birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 897 | EXO | 16 | 14 | k5lb | figs-simile | 1 | like frost | The original readers knew what frost is like, so this phrase would help them understand what the flakes were like. Frost is frozen dew that forms on the ground. It is very fine. Alternate translation: “that looked like frost” or “that was fine like frost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 898 | EXO | 16 | 15 | n5e7 | figs-metaphor | 1 | bread | Moses speaks of the food that God sent as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 899 | EXO | 16 | 16 | v1c6 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Moses continues telling the people about the food that God was providing for them. | ||
| 900 | EXO | 16 | 16 | fqp9 | translate-bvolume | 1 | omer | 2 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) | |
| 901 | EXO | 16 | 22 | nrx8 | 1 | It came about that | This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. Verses 16:22-30 tell about what the people did concerning the manna on the sixth and seventh days of the week. If your language has a way for marking this as a new part of the story, you could consider using it here. | ||
| 902 | EXO | 16 | 22 | xk6x | translate-numbers | 1 | on the sixth day | “on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 903 | EXO | 16 | 22 | zj1u | 1 | twice | two times | ||
| 904 | EXO | 16 | 22 | f4j9 | 1 | bread | This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. | ||
| 905 | EXO | 16 | 23 | wc4a | 1 | a solemn rest | “a day to rest quietly and think seriously” | ||
| 906 | EXO | 16 | 24 | y4d9 | 1 | did not become foul | “did not smell rotten” | ||
| 907 | EXO | 16 | 25 | pr1p | 1 | today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh | “today is a Sabbath and is to be used only for honoring Yahweh” | ||
| 908 | EXO | 16 | 26 | jv77 | translate-numbers | 1 | but the seventh day | “but on day seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 909 | EXO | 16 | 26 | hq5i | 1 | manna | This was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning. | ||
| 910 | EXO | 16 | 27 | qf14 | 1 | they found none | “they did not find any manna” | ||
| 911 | EXO | 16 | 28 | q41d | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word “you” refers to the people of Israel in general. | ||
| 912 | EXO | 16 | 28 | e1vx | figs-rquestion | 1 | How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws? | God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. Alternate translation: “You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 913 | EXO | 16 | 28 | vnq7 | 1 | to keep my commandments and my laws | “to obey my commandments and my laws” | ||
| 914 | EXO | 16 | 29 | p22l | figs-metaphor | 1 | Yahweh has given you the Sabbath | Yahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 915 | EXO | 16 | 29 | dt58 | translate-numbers | 1 | sixth day…two days…seventh day | “day 6…2 days…day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 916 | EXO | 16 | 29 | y8wf | 1 | bread | This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. | ||
| 917 | EXO | 16 | 31 | r1a5 | translate-unknown | 1 | coriander seed | Coriander is also known as cilantro. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 918 | EXO | 16 | 31 | vrl4 | 1 | wafers | very thin biscuits or crackers | ||
| 919 | EXO | 16 | 32 | nxa9 | translate-bvolume | 1 | omer | 2 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) | |
| 920 | EXO | 16 | 32 | g93h | 1 | bread | This refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning. | ||
| 921 | EXO | 16 | 33 | rtw7 | translate-bvolume | 1 | an omer | “two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) | |
| 922 | EXO | 16 | 36 | g8ns | translate-bvolume | 1 | Now an omer is a tenth of an ephah | An omer and an ephah are both containers for measuring volume. The original readers would have known how much an ephah was. This sentence would help them know how much an omer was. For languages that do not use fractions, this can be reworded. Alternate translation: “Now ten omers equal one ephah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 923 | EXO | 17 | intro | f12q | 0 | # Exodus 17 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people’s rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |||
| 924 | EXO | 17 | 1 | h1li | translate-names | 1 | wilderness of Sin | The word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:1](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 925 | EXO | 17 | 1 | j1fm | translate-names | 1 | Rephidim | This means “the resting place,” a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 926 | EXO | 17 | 2 | hr9b | figs-rquestion | 1 | Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test Yahweh? | Moses uses these questions to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should not quarrel with me! You should not test Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 927 | EXO | 17 | 3 | cz24 | figs-rquestion | 1 | To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? | The people use this question to accuse Moses of wanting to kill them. Alternate translation: “You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle by not letting us have any water to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 928 | EXO | 17 | 7 | x5an | translate-names | 1 | Massah | a place in the desert whose name means “testing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 929 | EXO | 17 | 7 | hw7y | translate-names | 1 | Meribah | a place in the desert whose name means “complaining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 930 | EXO | 17 | 8 | rv14 | translate-names | 1 | Rephidim | This was the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 931 | EXO | 17 | 10 | ca3g | figs-synecdoche | 1 | So Joshua fought Amalek | Joshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. Alternate translation: “So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 932 | EXO | 17 | 10 | wy51 | translate-names | 1 | Hur | Hur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 933 | EXO | 17 | 11 | x5ex | figs-synecdoche | 1 | Israel was winning…Amalek would begin to win | The words “Israel” and “Amalek” represent the fighters from those groups. Alternate translation: “the Israelite fighters were winning…the Amalekite fighters would begin to win” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 934 | EXO | 17 | 12 | hxt8 | figs-metonymy | 1 | hands became heavy | The author writes of Moses’ arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. Alternate translation: “arms became tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 935 | EXO | 17 | 13 | plp3 | figs-metonymy | 1 | with the sword | The sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 936 | EXO | 17 | 14 | c5rl | figs-metaphor | 1 | I will completely blot out the memory of Amalek | God speaks of destroying Amalek as if he were removing people’s memory of Amalek. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy Amalek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 937 | EXO | 17 | 14 | jm77 | figs-metonymy | 1 | Amalek | This refers to the Amalekites. Alternate translation: Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 938 | EXO | 17 | 16 | bw78 | figs-metonymy | 1 | a hand was lifted up | People would raise their hand when they made a promise or pledge, so raising the hand represents making a promise. Alternate translation: “a promise was made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 939 | EXO | 17 | 16 | s86d | figs-activepassive | 1 | a hand was lifted up | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh lifted up his hand” or “Yahweh made a solemn promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 940 | EXO | 18 | intro | t8g2 | 0 | # Exodus 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Leadership lessons<br>Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) | |||
| 941 | EXO | 18 | 1 | nl86 | 1 | Moses’ father-in-law | This refers to the father of the wife of Moses. | ||
| 942 | EXO | 18 | 2 | zw6h | 1 | took Zipporah, Moses’ wife | Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah. | ||
| 943 | EXO | 18 | 2 | chy6 | figs-explicit | 1 | after he had sent her home | This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after Moses had sent her home to her parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 944 | EXO | 18 | 3 | khs1 | 1 | and her two sons | This is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons. | ||
| 945 | EXO | 18 | 3 | k4mb | translate-names | 1 | Gershom | This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “foreigner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 946 | EXO | 18 | 4 | xi35 | translate-names | 1 | Eliezer | This is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “God is the one who helps me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 947 | EXO | 18 | 4 | z2km | figs-metonymy | 1 | Pharaoh’s sword | This represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaoh’s army. Alternate translation: “being killed by Pharaoh” or “being killed by Pharaoh’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 948 | EXO | 18 | 5 | kpq9 | figs-activepassive | 1 | where he was camped | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he camped with the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 949 | EXO | 18 | 7 | s5p2 | translate-symaction | 1 | bowed down, and kissed him | These symbolic acts were the normal way that people showed great respect and devotion in that culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) | |
| 950 | EXO | 18 | 8 | rkq2 | figs-metonymy | 1 | for Israel’s sake | The word “Israel” represents the Israelite people. Alternate translation: “in order to help the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 951 | EXO | 18 | 8 | a1ra | figs-metaphor | 1 | all the hardships that had come to them | Moses writes of hardships happening to them as if hardships had come to them. Alternate translation: “all the hardships that had happened to them” or “all the hardships they had experienced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 952 | EXO | 18 | 9 | wp1p | figs-metonymy | 1 | the hand of the Egyptians | The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 953 | EXO | 18 | 10 | nrv7 | figs-metonymy | 1 | the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of Pharaoh | The hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you…what Pharaoh was doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 954 | EXO | 18 | 14 | bax5 | figs-rquestion | 1 | What is this that you are doing with the people? | Jethro uses this question to show Moses that what he was doing was not good. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing all of this for the people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 955 | EXO | 18 | 14 | b5wj | figs-rquestion | 1 | Why is it that you sit alone…from morning until evening? | Jethro used this question to show Moses that he was doing too much. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sit alone…from morning till evening!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 956 | EXO | 18 | 14 | cfd1 | figs-metonymy | 1 | you sit alone | The word “sit” here is a metonym for “judge.” Judges would sit while they listened to people’s complaints. Alternate translation: “you judge alone” or “you are the only one who judges the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 957 | EXO | 18 | 18 | jtd2 | 1 | You will surely wear yourselves out | “you will surely make yourselves very tired” | ||
| 958 | EXO | 18 | 18 | h91b | figs-metaphor | 1 | This burden is too heavy for you | Jethro speaks of the hard work that Moses is doing as if it were a physical burden that Moses was carrying. Alternate translation: “This work is too much for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 959 | EXO | 18 | 19 | pug7 | 1 | you advice | “you guidance” or “you instruction” | ||
| 960 | EXO | 18 | 19 | v8i9 | figs-metaphor | 1 | God will be with you | Jethro speaks of God helping Moses as if God would be with Moses. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will give you wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 961 | EXO | 18 | 19 | w4r8 | figs-metaphor | 1 | you bring their disputes to him | Jethro speaks of Moses telling God about their disputes as if Moses were bringing their disputes to God. Alternate translation: “you tell God about their disputes” or “you tell God what they are arguing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 962 | EXO | 18 | 20 | w3vf | figs-metaphor | 1 | You must show them the way to walk | Jethro speaks of living or behaving like walking. Alternate translation: “You must show them how to live” or “You must show them how to behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 963 | EXO | 18 | 21 | p2rq | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Jethro continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 964 | EXO | 18 | 21 | p5ap | 1 | Furthermore, you must choose | “In addition, you must choose” or “You must also choose” | ||
| 965 | EXO | 18 | 21 | n936 | figs-metaphor | 1 | You must put them over people | Jethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. Alternate translation: You must give them authority over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 966 | EXO | 18 | 21 | d2hv | translate-numbers | 1 | leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tens | Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 967 | EXO | 18 | 22 | p4sr | 1 | routine cases | “the simple cases” | ||
| 968 | EXO | 18 | 22 | y5n2 | figs-metaphor | 1 | the difficult cases they will bring to you | Jethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they will tell you about” or “when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 969 | EXO | 18 | 22 | u42p | figs-metaphor | 1 | they will carry the burden with you | Jethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. Alternate translation: “they will do the hard work with you” or “they will help you do the hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 970 | EXO | 18 | 23 | wyq4 | figs-explicit | 1 | endure | What they will endure can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “endure the stress of the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 971 | EXO | 18 | 25 | n2ws | figs-metaphor | 1 | heads over the people | Moses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. Alternate translation: “leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 972 | EXO | 18 | 25 | tb18 | figs-explicit | 1 | capable men | What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “men who were able to lead” or “men who were able to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 973 | EXO | 18 | 25 | iqn8 | translate-numbers | 1 | leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens | Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 974 | EXO | 18 | 26 | abx4 | 1 | judged the people in normal circumstances | “judged the people most of the time” or “judged the people’s easy cases” | ||
| 975 | EXO | 18 | 26 | z7j4 | figs-metaphor | 1 | The difficult cases they brought to Moses | The author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they told Moses about” or “when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 976 | EXO | 18 | 26 | ve8h | 1 | the small cases | “the easy cases” | ||
| 977 | EXO | 19 | intro | ck7e | 0 | # Exodus 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “A kingdom of priests”<br>The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Revealing the Law<br>The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) | |||
| 978 | EXO | 19 | 1 | r5tj | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | In the third month…on the same day | This means they arrived at the wilderness on the first day of the month just as they left Egypt on the first day of the month. The first day of the third month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the third month…on the first day of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 979 | EXO | 19 | 1 | xw7p | 1 | had gone out from | “had left” | ||
| 980 | EXO | 19 | 2 | nk51 | translate-names | 1 | Rephidim | This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 981 | EXO | 19 | 3 | s2qt | figs-metonymy | 1 | the house of Jacob | The word “house” here represents Jacob’s family and descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 982 | EXO | 19 | 3 | f4qw | 1 | the house of Jacob, the people of Israel | The phrase “the people of Israel” explains what “the house of Jacob” means. | ||
| 983 | EXO | 19 | 4 | z9i6 | figs-you | 1 | You have seen | The word “you” here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 984 | EXO | 19 | 4 | b7ph | figs-metaphor | 1 | I carried you on eagles’ wings | God speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. Alternate translation: “I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 985 | EXO | 19 | 5 | th35 | 1 | obediently listen to my voice | Obediently can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen to my voice and obey me” | ||
| 986 | EXO | 19 | 5 | c767 | figs-metonymy | 1 | my voice | God’s voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “what I say” or “my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 987 | EXO | 19 | 5 | fh8e | 1 | keep my covenant | “do what my covenant requires you to do” | ||
| 988 | EXO | 19 | 5 | ifv6 | 1 | special possession | “treasure” | ||
| 989 | EXO | 19 | 6 | gm9s | figs-metaphor | 1 | a kingdom of priests | God speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: “a kingdom of people who are like priests” or “a kingdom of people who do what priests do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 990 | EXO | 19 | 7 | c5tq | figs-metaphor | 1 | set before them all these words | The author writes of Moses telling people things as if he were setting the words before them. AT “told them all these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 991 | EXO | 19 | 7 | zqk1 | 1 | all these words that Yahweh had commanded him | “all that Yahweh had commanded him” | ||
| 992 | EXO | 19 | 8 | ljf5 | figs-go | 1 | Moses came to report | Where Moses went can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Moses went back up the mountain to report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 993 | EXO | 19 | 8 | rwx6 | figs-metonymy | 1 | the people’s words | The word “words” refers to what the people said. Alternate translation: “what the people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 994 | EXO | 19 | 10 | ie7y | 1 | you must set them apart to me | This probably means “tell them to dedicate themselves to me” or “tell them to purify themselves for me.” | ||
| 995 | EXO | 19 | 10 | j891 | 1 | their garments | “their clothes” or “what they are wearing” | ||
| 996 | EXO | 19 | 11 | d6tm | figs-you | 1 | Be ready | This was a command to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 997 | EXO | 19 | 12 | lg7u | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 998 | EXO | 19 | 12 | d48p | 1 | set boundaries | “make a boundary.” This was either a mark or some kind of barrier. | ||
| 999 | EXO | 19 | 12 | kis1 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to death | This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put to death any person who touches the mountain” or “You must surely kill anyone who touches the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1000 | EXO | 19 | 12 | ibe7 | 1 | Whoever touches | “Any person who touches” or “Anyone who touches” | ||
| 1001 | EXO | 19 | 13 | l9ak | 1 | such a person | “a person who does that” or “a person who touches the mountain” | ||
| 1002 | EXO | 19 | 13 | k35k | figs-activepassive | 1 | he must certainly be stoned or shot | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly stone or shoot him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1003 | EXO | 19 | 13 | vw19 | 1 | shot | This refers to being killed by someone who shoots arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot. | ||
| 1004 | EXO | 19 | 13 | ng41 | 1 | a long blast | “a long, loud sound” | ||
| 1005 | EXO | 19 | 15 | bw2p | figs-euphemism | 1 | do not go near your wives | This is a polite way of talking about sleeping with their wives. Alternate translation: “do not sleep with your wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1006 | EXO | 19 | 16 | fvt8 | 1 | All the people…trembled | “All the people…shook with fear” | ||
| 1007 | EXO | 19 | 18 | m1b5 | 1 | Yahweh descended | “Yahweh came down” | ||
| 1008 | EXO | 19 | 18 | a8p7 | 1 | like the smoke of a furnace | This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire” | ||
| 1009 | EXO | 19 | 18 | np1s | translate-unknown | 1 | furnace | an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1010 | EXO | 19 | 19 | m8ae | 1 | grew louder and louder | “continued to become louder and louder” | ||
| 1011 | EXO | 19 | 19 | f5e6 | figs-metonymy | 1 | in a voice | The word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are (1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or (2) “by speaking” or (3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1012 | EXO | 19 | 20 | v7mh | 1 | he summoned Moses | “he commanded Moses to come up” | ||
| 1013 | EXO | 19 | 21 | d2qm | figs-metaphor | 1 | not to break through | God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated “set bounds” in [Exodus 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “not to go beyond the boundary” or “not to go through the barrier”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1014 | EXO | 19 | 24 | w8lx | 1 | get down | “go down” | ||
| 1015 | EXO | 19 | 24 | bk6p | figs-metaphor | 1 | break through the barrier | God spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 19:21](../19/21.md). Alternate translation: “go beyond the boundary” or “go through the barrier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1016 | EXO | 20 | intro | x7vt | 0 | # Exodus 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the “ten commandments.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant<br>Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) | |||
| 1017 | EXO | 20 | 2 | qg71 | 1 | house of slavery | “place where you were slaves” | ||
| 1018 | EXO | 20 | 3 | r9h3 | 1 | You must have no other gods before me | “You must not worship any other gods but me” | ||
| 1019 | EXO | 20 | 4 | rkn1 | 1 | nor the likeness | “and you must not make the likeness” | ||
| 1020 | EXO | 20 | 5 | ka3i | 1 | You must not bow down to them or worship them | The word “them” refers to carved figures or idols. | ||
| 1021 | EXO | 20 | 5 | r6zh | 1 | jealous | God wants his people to worship only him. | ||
| 1022 | EXO | 20 | 5 | w4cs | 1 | punish the ancestors’ wickedness by bringing punishment on the descendants | God will punish people for the sin of their parents. | ||
| 1023 | EXO | 20 | 5 | s2ia | translate-ordinal | 1 | to the third and the fourth generation | “to generations 3 and 4.” This refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Alternate translation: “even on the grandchildren and great-grandchildren (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 1024 | EXO | 20 | 6 | u9nc | figs-abstractnouns | 1 | I show covenant faithfulness to thousands of those who love me | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “I faithfully love thousands of those who love me” or “I am faithful to the covenant with thousands of those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1025 | EXO | 20 | 6 | yw38 | figs-explicit | 1 | to thousands of those who love me | The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1026 | EXO | 20 | 7 | t3k2 | 1 | take the name of Yahweh your God | “use the name of Yahweh your God” | ||
| 1027 | EXO | 20 | 7 | gcz2 | 1 | in vain | “carelessly” or “without proper respect” | ||
| 1028 | EXO | 20 | 7 | sl6g | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | I will not hold guiltless | This double-negative can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I will certainly consider guilty” or “I will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1029 | EXO | 20 | 8 | kwn7 | 1 | set it apart | “set it apart for a special purpose” | ||
| 1030 | EXO | 20 | 9 | sad1 | 1 | do all your work | “do all your usual duties” | ||
| 1031 | EXO | 20 | 10 | t1ky | figs-metonymy | 1 | within your gates | Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1032 | EXO | 20 | 11 | vw1f | translate-ordinal | 1 | on the seventh day | “on day seven.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for “7.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 1033 | EXO | 20 | 11 | s8ds | 1 | blessed the Sabbath day | Possible meanings are that (1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or (2) God said that the Sabbath day was good. | ||
| 1034 | EXO | 20 | 14 | wyv9 | 1 | You must not commit adultery | “You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse” | ||
| 1035 | EXO | 20 | 16 | zix8 | 1 | must not give false testimony | “must not speak a false report” or “must not tell lies about someone” | ||
| 1036 | EXO | 20 | 17 | vt9t | 1 | must not covet | “must not strongly want to have” or “must not want to take” | ||
| 1037 | EXO | 20 | 18 | swq3 | 1 | voice of the trumpet | “sound of the trumpet” | ||
| 1038 | EXO | 20 | 18 | nm52 | 1 | the mountain smoking | “smoke coming from the mountain” | ||
| 1039 | EXO | 20 | 18 | lmt5 | 1 | they trembled | “they shook with fear” | ||
| 1040 | EXO | 20 | 18 | h53m | 1 | stood far off | “stood far away” or “stood at a distance” | ||
| 1041 | EXO | 20 | 20 | slb8 | 1 | so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin | “so that you will honor him and not sin” | ||
| 1042 | EXO | 20 | 21 | lts1 | 1 | Moses approached | “Moses went closer to” | ||
| 1043 | EXO | 20 | 22 | tq2f | 1 | This is what you must tell the Israelites | “Tell the Israelites this” | ||
| 1044 | EXO | 20 | 22 | r6jh | 1 | You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven | “You have heard me speak to you from heaven” | ||
| 1045 | EXO | 20 | 23 | hi91 | 1 | You will not make for yourselves other gods alongside me | “You must not make idols as other gods instead of me” | ||
| 1046 | EXO | 20 | 23 | qm44 | 1 | gods of silver or gods of gold | “gods made out of silver or gold” or “idols made out of silver or gold” | ||
| 1047 | EXO | 20 | 24 | pf1i | 1 | earthen altar | an altar made of materials from the ground, such as stone, soil, or clay | ||
| 1048 | EXO | 20 | 24 | ge89 | figs-metonymy | 1 | cause my name to be honored | Here “name” is a metonym for God’s being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “choose for you to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1049 | EXO | 20 | 26 | qm1b | 1 | You must not go up to my altar on steps | “Do not build steps up to the altar and go up to it on those steps” | ||
| 1050 | EXO | 20 | 26 | h2qd | 1 | your nakedness | “your private parts” | ||
| 1051 | EXO | 21 | intro | dnd3 | 0 | # Exodus 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br>Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, “Now these are the decrees that you must set before them.” The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Slavery<br>This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice.<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 1052 | EXO | 21 | 1 | b3g4 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1053 | EXO | 21 | 1 | hhf7 | 1 | you must set before them | “you must give them” or “you must tell them” | ||
| 1054 | EXO | 21 | 2 | di5z | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1055 | EXO | 21 | 3 | ln3r | figs-explicit | 1 | If he came by himself, he must go free by himself | What “by himself” means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1056 | EXO | 21 | 3 | pfn3 | 1 | by himself | “alone” or “without a wife” | ||
| 1057 | EXO | 21 | 3 | e467 | 1 | if he is married | “if he was married when he became a slave” or “if he came as a married man” | ||
| 1058 | EXO | 21 | 5 | yj8x | 1 | plainly says | “clearly says” | ||
| 1059 | EXO | 21 | 5 | jqh4 | 1 | I will not go out free | “I do not want my master to set me free” | ||
| 1060 | EXO | 21 | 6 | z8x1 | 1 | bore his ear through | “put a hole in his ear” | ||
| 1061 | EXO | 21 | 6 | xpd3 | 1 | awl | a pointed tool used to make a hole | ||
| 1062 | EXO | 21 | 6 | k6ev | 1 | for life | “until the end of his life” or “until he dies” | ||
| 1063 | EXO | 21 | 8 | p8se | 1 | has designated | “has chosen” | ||
| 1064 | EXO | 21 | 8 | t2zf | figs-activepassive | 1 | he must let her be bought back | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must allow her father to buy her back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1065 | EXO | 21 | 8 | bi4y | 1 | has no right to sell | “has no authority to sell” | ||
| 1066 | EXO | 21 | 8 | h7f7 | 1 | he has treated her deceitfully | “he has deceived her” | ||
| 1067 | EXO | 21 | 9 | w99z | 1 | designates her as a wife for his son | “decides that she is the one who will be his son’s wife” | ||
| 1068 | EXO | 21 | 10 | rxk4 | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights | This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1069 | EXO | 21 | 10 | q2gt | 1 | must not diminish her food | “must not take away her food” or “must not give her less food” | ||
| 1070 | EXO | 21 | 10 | np9b | figs-euphemism | 1 | or her marital rights | This includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “and he must continue to sleep with her as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1071 | EXO | 21 | 12 | gks4 | 1 | strikes a man | “hits a man” or “attacks a man” | ||
| 1072 | EXO | 21 | 12 | su6b | figs-activepassive | 1 | that person must surely be put to death | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly execute that person” or “you must certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1073 | EXO | 21 | 13 | h4ka | 1 | did not do it with premeditation | “did not plan to do it” or “did not do it on purpose” | ||
| 1074 | EXO | 21 | 13 | gme9 | figs-explicit | 1 | I will fix a place to where he can flee | The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate translation: “I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1075 | EXO | 21 | 14 | st5h | 1 | according to a cunning plan | “after thinking carefully about it” | ||
| 1076 | EXO | 21 | 14 | abx6 | 1 | must take him | The word “him” refers to the one who killed his neighbor. | ||
| 1077 | EXO | 21 | 14 | bcc6 | figs-activepassive | 1 | so that he may die | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you can kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1078 | EXO | 21 | 15 | y3hd | figs-activepassive | 1 | Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death” or “You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1079 | EXO | 21 | 15 | qh2j | 1 | must surely | “must certainly” | ||
| 1080 | EXO | 21 | 16 | iu81 | figs-activepassive | 1 | that kidnapper must be put to death | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill that kidnapper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1081 | EXO | 21 | 17 | h8qf | figs-activepassive | 1 | Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1082 | EXO | 21 | 18 | hk3c | figs-activepassive | 1 | is confined to his bed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cannot get out of bed” or “has to stay in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1083 | EXO | 21 | 19 | c7rv | 1 | he recovers | “he gets better” | ||
| 1084 | EXO | 21 | 19 | fa8t | 1 | staff | This is a stick that can be leaned on for support while walking. | ||
| 1085 | EXO | 21 | 19 | xg6c | figs-explicit | 1 | the loss of his time | This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the time he could not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1086 | EXO | 21 | 19 | ws14 | 1 | pay for his complete recovery | “pay his medical costs” or “pay for his costs for healing” | ||
| 1087 | EXO | 21 | 20 | te41 | 1 | as a result of the blow | “because of the injury” or “because his master hit him” | ||
| 1088 | EXO | 21 | 20 | h4eg | figs-activepassive | 1 | that man must surely be punished | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly punish that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1089 | EXO | 21 | 21 | r65u | figs-explicit | 1 | for he will have suffered the loss of the servant | You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate translation: “because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1090 | EXO | 21 | 22 | a6av | 1 | she miscarries | “her baby dies in her womb” or “her baby is born too soon and dies” | ||
| 1091 | EXO | 21 | 22 | cn4h | figs-activepassive | 1 | the guilty man must surely be fined | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly fine the guilty man” or “the guilty man must pay a fine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1092 | EXO | 21 | 22 | v5ye | 1 | as the judges determine | “what the judges decide” | ||
| 1093 | EXO | 21 | 23 | x2ek | figs-explicit | 1 | you must give a life for a life | This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “he must give his life for her life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1094 | EXO | 21 | 24 | c5bq | figs-explicit | 1 | an eye for an eye | This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “his eye for her eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1095 | EXO | 21 | 26 | i8cg | 1 | If a man | Here “man” refers to the owner of a slave. | ||
| 1096 | EXO | 21 | 26 | bmc1 | 1 | in compensation | “as payment.” Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose. | ||
| 1097 | EXO | 21 | 28 | sp6w | 1 | an ox gores | “an ox injures with its horns” | ||
| 1098 | EXO | 21 | 28 | qk3u | figs-activepassive | 1 | the ox must surely be stoned | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone the ox to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1099 | EXO | 21 | 28 | q2gv | figs-activepassive | 1 | its flesh must not be eaten | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must not eat its flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1100 | EXO | 21 | 28 | d4li | figs-activepassive | 1 | the ox’s owner must be acquitted | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must acquit the ox’s owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1101 | EXO | 21 | 29 | nzn1 | figs-activepassive | 1 | its owner also must be put to death | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must also kill its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1102 | EXO | 21 | 30 | t5rs | figs-explicit | 1 | If a payment is required for his life | If the ox’s owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1103 | EXO | 21 | 31 | kg25 | 1 | has gored | “has injured with its horns” | ||
| 1104 | EXO | 21 | 32 | qzv3 | translate-bmoney | 1 | thirty shekels of silver | “330 grams of silver.” A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) | |
| 1105 | EXO | 21 | 32 | wm9a | figs-activepassive | 1 | the ox must be stoned | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill the ox by stoning it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1106 | EXO | 21 | 33 | fd4p | 1 | opens a pit | “uncovers a hole in the ground” or “takes a cover off a hole in the ground” | ||
| 1107 | EXO | 21 | 34 | b48a | figs-explicit | 1 | repay the loss | The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate translation: “pay the owner for the dead animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1108 | EXO | 21 | 34 | j8qz | figs-explicit | 1 | will become his | The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will belong to the owner of the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1109 | EXO | 21 | 35 | z9ug | 1 | divide its price | “divide the money” or “divide the money they receive” | ||
| 1110 | EXO | 21 | 36 | fkx2 | figs-activepassive | 1 | if it was known | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if people knew” or “if the owner knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1111 | EXO | 21 | 36 | v64b | 1 | a habit of goring in time past | “had gored other animals before” | ||
| 1112 | EXO | 21 | 36 | ix8h | figs-explicit | 1 | its owner has not kept it in | This means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “its owner did not keep it inside a fence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1113 | EXO | 21 | 36 | dcv2 | figs-explicit | 1 | he must surely pay ox for ox | The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1114 | EXO | 22 | intro | f9vb | 0 | # Exodus 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people’s desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) | |||
| 1115 | EXO | 22 | 1 | syx5 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1116 | EXO | 22 | 2 | mt43 | figs-activepassive | 1 | If a thief is found | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone finds a thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1117 | EXO | 22 | 2 | e98x | 1 | breaking in | “using force to come into a house” | ||
| 1118 | EXO | 22 | 2 | gt5f | figs-activepassive | 1 | if he is struck so that he dies | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1119 | EXO | 22 | 2 | fq57 | 1 | no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account | “no one will be guilty of murdering him” | ||
| 1120 | EXO | 22 | 3 | vym5 | 1 | if the sun has risen before he breaks in | “if it is light before he breaks in” or “if he breaks in and it is after sunrise” | ||
| 1121 | EXO | 22 | 3 | nl2i | 1 | guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him | “the person who kills him will be guilty of murder” | ||
| 1122 | EXO | 22 | 3 | f4w4 | 1 | make restitution | “pay for what he stole” | ||
| 1123 | EXO | 22 | 3 | c5yl | figs-activepassive | 1 | he must be sold for his theft | This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “you must sell him as a slave in order to pay for what he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1124 | EXO | 22 | 4 | k926 | figs-activepassive | 1 | If the stolen animal is found alive in his possession | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If they find that he still has the live animal that he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1125 | EXO | 22 | 4 | g5kg | 1 | pay back double | pay two animals for every animal that he took | ||
| 1126 | EXO | 22 | 5 | j24t | 1 | If a man grazes his livestock | “If a man lets his animals eat plants” | ||
| 1127 | EXO | 22 | 5 | ty82 | 1 | it grazes | “it eats plants” | ||
| 1128 | EXO | 22 | 5 | jrb3 | 1 | he must make restitution | “he must pay back the owner of that field” | ||
| 1129 | EXO | 22 | 6 | x6aj | 1 | If a fire breaks out and spreads in thorns | “If someone starts a fire and it spreads in thorns” | ||
| 1130 | EXO | 22 | 6 | i4ma | 1 | spreads in thorns | “moves along the ground through dry plants” | ||
| 1131 | EXO | 22 | 6 | u1pa | 1 | stacked grain | This is grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. “bundled grain” or “harvested grain” | ||
| 1132 | EXO | 22 | 6 | r2cf | 1 | standing grain | This is grain that has not been cut, but it is ready to be harvested. | ||
| 1133 | EXO | 22 | 6 | w6ku | 1 | a field is consumed | “fire consumes a field” or “fire destroys a field” | ||
| 1134 | EXO | 22 | 6 | j398 | 1 | must surely make restitution | “must certainly pay for the grain that the fire destroyed” | ||
| 1135 | EXO | 22 | 7 | jw3v | 1 | for safe keeping | “to watch over it” or “to keep it safe” | ||
| 1136 | EXO | 22 | 7 | na9h | figs-activepassive | 1 | if it is stolen | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone steals it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1137 | EXO | 22 | 7 | z7zu | 1 | thief | someone who steals something | ||
| 1138 | EXO | 22 | 7 | x2sh | figs-activepassive | 1 | if the thief is found | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if you find the thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1139 | EXO | 22 | 8 | lwg5 | 1 | come before the judges to see whether | “come before the judges so that they can find out if” | ||
| 1140 | EXO | 22 | 8 | f774 | figs-idiom | 1 | has put his own hand on his neighbor’s property | This is an idiom. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “has stolen his neighbor’s property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1141 | EXO | 22 | 9 | p7ab | 1 | the claim of both parties must come before the judges | The judges must listen to both people who claim that the item belongs to them and the judges will decide who is guilty. | ||
| 1142 | EXO | 22 | 11 | gl7t | figs-activepassive | 1 | an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them both | Only the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath. The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was caring for the animal must swear an oath before Yahweh and the owner must accept that oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1143 | EXO | 22 | 12 | yw3w | figs-activepassive | 1 | But if it was stolen from him | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if someone stole the animal from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1144 | EXO | 22 | 13 | b313 | figs-activepassive | 1 | If an animal was torn in pieces | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if a wild beast tore the animal in pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1145 | EXO | 22 | 13 | pc6i | figs-activepassive | 1 | He will not have to pay for what was torn | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will not have to pay for the animal that the wild beast destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1146 | EXO | 22 | 14 | h8yw | 1 | must surely make restitution | “must certainly repay with another animal” or “must certainly pay the owner for the animal” | ||
| 1147 | EXO | 22 | 15 | g3zw | figs-activepassive | 1 | if the animal was hired | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone rented the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1148 | EXO | 22 | 15 | r792 | figs-explicit | 1 | it will be paid for by its hiring fee | The one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1149 | EXO | 22 | 15 | f9w9 | 1 | hiring fee | “rental fee” or “money paid to rent the animal” | ||
| 1150 | EXO | 22 | 16 | a8s8 | 1 | a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged | “a man persuades a virgin who is not engaged that she wants to sleep with him” | ||
| 1151 | EXO | 22 | 16 | th2m | 1 | not engaged | “not promised to be married” | ||
| 1152 | EXO | 22 | 16 | g24h | figs-euphemism | 1 | if he lies with her | Lying with someone is a euphemism for having sex. Alternate translation: “if he has sex with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1153 | EXO | 22 | 16 | x33y | 1 | bride wealth | “dowry” or “bride price” | ||
| 1154 | EXO | 22 | 17 | y2xz | 1 | him, he | These pronouns refer back to the man who seduced the virgin. | ||
| 1155 | EXO | 22 | 19 | y3qy | figs-euphemism | 1 | Whoever lies with an animal | This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Whoever has sexual relations with an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
| 1156 | EXO | 22 | 20 | n4nh | figs-activepassive | 1 | Yahweh must be completely destroyed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you must completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1157 | EXO | 22 | 21 | kr35 | 1 | wrong a foreigner | “mistreat a foreigner” or “cheat a foreigner” | ||
| 1158 | EXO | 22 | 22 | djh3 | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless child | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1159 | EXO | 22 | 22 | v3i8 | 1 | widow | “woman whose husband has died” | ||
| 1160 | EXO | 22 | 22 | l2ih | 1 | fatherless child | “orphan” or “child with no parents” | ||
| 1161 | EXO | 22 | 24 | sx9h | figs-metonymy | 1 | I will kill you with the sword | To be killed “with the sword” is a metonym that means a person will die violently, or perhaps fighting in a war. Alternate translation: “you will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1162 | EXO | 22 | 25 | v5je | 1 | a moneylender | “one who lends money” | ||
| 1163 | EXO | 22 | 25 | g3ry | 1 | charge him interest | “charge him extra money for borrowing” or “charge him extra money for the loan” | ||
| 1164 | EXO | 22 | 26 | vsk2 | 1 | garment in pledge | “coat as collateral” or “coat as a guarantee to repay the loan” | ||
| 1165 | EXO | 22 | 27 | wi2m | 1 | only covering | “only coat” or “only garment to keep him warm” | ||
| 1166 | EXO | 22 | 27 | x7zb | figs-rquestion | 1 | What else can he sleep in? | This question adds emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1167 | EXO | 22 | 28 | eel2 | 1 | You must not blaspheme me, God | “Do not insult God” or “Do not speak evil about God” | ||
| 1168 | EXO | 22 | 28 | tdj6 | 1 | nor curse a ruler | “and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler” | ||
| 1169 | EXO | 22 | 29 | p8nk | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | You must not hold back offerings | This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “You must bring all of your offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1170 | EXO | 22 | 29 | m4yq | 1 | give to me the firstborn of your sons | “dedicate your firstborn sons to me” | ||
| 1171 | EXO | 22 | 30 | cya6 | 1 | do the same with | “dedicate to me the firstborn of” | ||
| 1172 | EXO | 22 | 30 | j345 | translate-numbers | 1 | For seven days | This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “For 7 days after they are born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1173 | EXO | 22 | 30 | m4wq | translate-numbers | 1 | the eighth day | This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “day number 8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1174 | EXO | 22 | 30 | l9vh | 1 | give them to me | “dedicate them to me” | ||
| 1175 | EXO | 23 | intro | hk5t | 0 | # Exodus 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Celebrations of feasts and festivals<br>The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them. | |||
| 1176 | EXO | 23 | 1 | we1y | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1177 | EXO | 23 | 1 | y1a3 | 1 | dishonest witness | This is the same as a lying or false witness. | ||
| 1178 | EXO | 23 | 2 | nqz9 | 1 | nor may you bear witness | “and you also must not speak” | ||
| 1179 | EXO | 23 | 2 | z6ej | figs-metaphor | 1 | siding with the crowd | This is a metaphor that describes one’s agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked over and stood with that group. Alternate translation: “doing what the crowd wants” or “agreeing with the majority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1180 | EXO | 23 | 2 | tnv2 | 1 | pervert justice | do illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling | ||
| 1181 | EXO | 23 | 4 | faf4 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1182 | EXO | 23 | 6 | gr9g | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1183 | EXO | 23 | 6 | z2al | 1 | Do not thrust aside justice for your poor in his lawsuit | “Do not decide to treat a poor man unjustly in legal matters” | ||
| 1184 | EXO | 23 | 6 | vh76 | 1 | lawsuit | Here, this refers to any matter that a court decides. | ||
| 1185 | EXO | 23 | 7 | mf4w | 1 | I will not acquit the wicked | “I will not find the wicked not guilty” or “I will not say of wicked people that they are innocent” | ||
| 1186 | EXO | 23 | 8 | gh3v | figs-personification | 1 | bribe blinds…perverts | Here a “bribe” is described as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “bribe discredits…undermines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1187 | EXO | 23 | 9 | mzu9 | 1 | the life of a foreigner | “the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land” | ||
| 1188 | EXO | 23 | 10 | usn5 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1189 | EXO | 23 | 10 | rt7h | 1 | its produce | “the food its plants produce” | ||
| 1190 | EXO | 23 | 11 | vr1l | 1 | unplowed | uncultivated, untilled | ||
| 1191 | EXO | 23 | 11 | b5q6 | 1 | fallow | in its natural state, not used for to grow food | ||
| 1192 | EXO | 23 | 11 | s4wv | figs-explicit | 1 | so that the poor among your people may eat | The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1193 | EXO | 23 | 12 | v36j | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1194 | EXO | 23 | 12 | ij92 | 1 | your ox and your donkey | “your work animals” | ||
| 1195 | EXO | 23 | 12 | gpu1 | figs-activepassive | 1 | any foreigner may rest and be refreshed | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any foreigner may rest and regain his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1196 | EXO | 23 | 13 | ldn8 | 1 | Pay attention to | “Do” or “Obey” | ||
| 1197 | EXO | 23 | 13 | x5tf | figs-metonymy | 1 | mention the names of other gods | This represents praying to other gods. Alternate translation: “pray to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1198 | EXO | 23 | 14 | kp1j | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1199 | EXO | 23 | 15 | bu7n | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | Aviv | This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1200 | EXO | 23 | 15 | tx1v | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | not appear before me empty-handed | Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1201 | EXO | 23 | 16 | tnz1 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1202 | EXO | 23 | 16 | z4k4 | 1 | You must observe | “You must honor” or “You must celebrate” | ||
| 1203 | EXO | 23 | 16 | pnx4 | 1 | Festival of Ingathering | This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. | ||
| 1204 | EXO | 23 | 17 | t5xj | figs-explicit | 1 | All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh | Here to “appear” means to gather for worship. Alternate translation: “All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1205 | EXO | 23 | 18 | rqs4 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1206 | EXO | 23 | 18 | qgx1 | 1 | fat from the sacrifices | The fat was burned as an offering to Yahweh and was never eaten. | ||
| 1207 | EXO | 23 | 19 | h3gs | 1 | the choicest firstfruits | “the best and first produce of the harvest” | ||
| 1208 | EXO | 23 | 19 | u7bk | 1 | You must not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk | This was a magical fertility practice among the Canaanites, which the Israelites were not permitted to participate in. | ||
| 1209 | EXO | 23 | 20 | e5sr | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1210 | EXO | 23 | 21 | pm7x | 1 | Be attentive to him | “Listen to him” | ||
| 1211 | EXO | 23 | 21 | p5y3 | 1 | Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon | “If you provoke him, he will not pardon” | ||
| 1212 | EXO | 23 | 21 | p4jv | figs-metonymy | 1 | My name is on him | Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “He has my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1213 | EXO | 23 | 22 | z1gn | figs-metonymy | 1 | If you indeed obey his voice | Here “voice” represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1214 | EXO | 23 | 22 | y9bm | figs-parallelism | 1 | an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries | These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 1215 | EXO | 23 | 23 | ap6k | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1216 | EXO | 23 | 24 | a1d5 | figs-explicit | 1 | You must not…do as they do | The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You must not…live as the people who worship those gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1217 | EXO | 23 | 25 | t3ir | figs-merism | 1 | he will bless your bread and water | This is a merism that means food and drink. Alternate translation: “he will bless your food and drink” or “he will bless you by giving you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) | |
| 1218 | EXO | 23 | 25 | ydl4 | figs-123person | 1 | he will bless…I will remove | Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both “he” and “I” refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 1219 | EXO | 23 | 26 | i9uj | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1220 | EXO | 23 | 26 | q4gz | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1221 | EXO | 23 | 26 | i1r9 | 1 | miscarry | to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly | ||
| 1222 | EXO | 23 | 28 | cg7i | 1 | hornets | a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain | ||
| 1223 | EXO | 23 | 29 | i9aq | 1 | or the land would become abandoned | “because no one would be living in the land” | ||
| 1224 | EXO | 23 | 30 | zyl3 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. | ||
| 1225 | EXO | 23 | 33 | d1fp | figs-metaphor | 1 | this will surely become a trap for you | This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter’s trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1226 | EXO | 24 | intro | b83l | 0 | # Exodus 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses’ covenant<br>The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### God’s holiness<br>Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a “devouring fire.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 1227 | EXO | 24 | 1 | c97i | translate-names | 1 | Nadab…Abihu | These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1228 | EXO | 24 | 1 | nm3t | translate-numbers | 1 | seventy of Israel’s elders | “70 of Israel’s elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1229 | EXO | 24 | 3 | cg32 | figs-idiom | 1 | with one voice | This is an idiom that means the people were in complete agreement. Alternate translation: “together” or “in agreement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1230 | EXO | 24 | 4 | h7gg | 1 | foot of the mountain | “base of the mountain” or “bottom of the mountain” | ||
| 1231 | EXO | 24 | 6 | l5ia | 1 | Moses took half of the blood and put it into basins | Moses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in [Exodus 24:8](../24/08.md). This would confirm the people’s participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God. | ||
| 1232 | EXO | 24 | 6 | f7dh | 1 | he sprinkled the other half onto the altar | Here the altar represents God. This would confirm God’s participation in the covenant between God and the people of Israel. | ||
| 1233 | EXO | 24 | 7 | axt9 | figs-activepassive | 1 | We will be obedient | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1234 | EXO | 24 | 8 | h9ff | figs-explicit | 1 | Then Moses took the blood | This refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Then Moses took the blood that was in the bowls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1235 | EXO | 24 | 9 | uz7y | translate-names | 1 | Nadab…Abihu | These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1236 | EXO | 24 | 10 | ic4s | figs-personification | 1 | Under his feet | This speaks of God as if he had human feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1237 | EXO | 24 | 10 | je5k | 1 | a pavement made of sapphire stone | “a pavement made of blue stones called sapphires” | ||
| 1238 | EXO | 24 | 10 | q8sn | 1 | pavement | a hard surface for walking or riding | ||
| 1239 | EXO | 24 | 10 | pm87 | translate-unknown | 1 | sapphire stone | This is a gemstone that is blue in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1240 | EXO | 24 | 10 | zd6u | figs-simile | 1 | as clear as the sky itself | This is a simile. Alternate translation: “as clear as the sky is when there are no clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1241 | EXO | 24 | 11 | jds6 | figs-metonymy | 1 | God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leaders | This means that God did not harm the leaders. Alternate translation: “God did not harm the Israelite leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1242 | EXO | 24 | 12 | dx4f | figs-explicit | 1 | tablets of stone and the law and commandments | God had written the law and commandments on the tablets of stone. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “two stone slabs on which I have written all the laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1243 | EXO | 24 | 13 | gv5e | 1 | with his assistant Joshua | “with Joshua who assisted him” or “with Joshua who helped him” | ||
| 1244 | EXO | 24 | 14 | qiy4 | 1 | wait for us | “wait for Joshua and me” | ||
| 1245 | EXO | 24 | 14 | uc7r | translate-names | 1 | Hur | Hur was a man who was a friend of Moses and Aaron. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:10](../17/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1246 | EXO | 24 | 16 | j2s5 | figs-metonymy | 1 | Yahweh’s glory | This was the brilliant light of God’s presence. Alternate translation: “The brilliant light showing God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1247 | EXO | 24 | 17 | e4n6 | figs-simile | 1 | like a devouring fire | This means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. Alternate translation: “like a big fire burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
| 1248 | EXO | 24 | 17 | k5lj | figs-metaphor | 1 | in the eyes of the Israelites | Their eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1249 | EXO | 24 | 18 | h1wy | translate-numbers | 1 | forty days and forty nights | “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1250 | EXO | 25 | intro | t23a | 0 | # Exodus 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 1251 | EXO | 25 | 2 | r5yr | figs-idiom | 1 | who is motivated by a willing heart | This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1252 | EXO | 25 | 2 | k78q | figs-you | 1 | You must receive | The word “you” refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1253 | EXO | 25 | 3 | s2ls | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1254 | EXO | 25 | 4 | c1qn | 1 | blue, purple, and scarlet material | Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. | ||
| 1255 | EXO | 25 | 4 | c958 | 1 | scarlet | bright red | ||
| 1256 | EXO | 25 | 6 | i6gp | translate-unknown | 1 | spices | dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1257 | EXO | 25 | 7 | mg4f | translate-unknown | 1 | onyx | a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1258 | EXO | 25 | 7 | aks5 | figs-activepassive | 1 | precious stones to be set | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “precious stones for someone to set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1259 | EXO | 25 | 7 | c3hk | 1 | precious stones | “valuable gems” or “treasured gems” | ||
| 1260 | EXO | 25 | 8 | d3vm | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1261 | EXO | 25 | 9 | w4sc | 1 | tabernacle | Here this word means the same thing as the word “sanctuary” in verse 8. | ||
| 1262 | EXO | 25 | 9 | c9qe | figs-you | 1 | You must make it | Here “you” is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1263 | EXO | 25 | 9 | m1np | figs-you | 1 | show you in the plans | “show you in the design” or “show you in the pattern.” Here “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1264 | EXO | 25 | 10 | n7j1 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1265 | EXO | 25 | 10 | cs23 | translate-bdistance | 1 | two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half | A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…almost 69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1266 | EXO | 25 | 12 | e59p | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1267 | EXO | 25 | 12 | wbq8 | 1 | cast four rings of gold | Casting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden. | ||
| 1268 | EXO | 25 | 14 | f2kz | 1 | in order to carry the ark | “so that you can carry the ark” | ||
| 1269 | EXO | 25 | 15 | k67p | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1270 | EXO | 25 | 17 | c675 | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. | ||
| 1271 | EXO | 25 | 17 | ast8 | translate-bdistance | 1 | two and a half cubits…a cubit and a half | A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1272 | EXO | 25 | 18 | hfw6 | 1 | hammered gold | “beaten gold” | ||
| 1273 | EXO | 25 | 19 | rgn8 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1274 | EXO | 25 | 19 | j38e | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 1275 | EXO | 25 | 19 | b4l9 | figs-activepassive | 1 | They must be made | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1276 | EXO | 25 | 21 | lm1p | figs-you | 1 | You must put | Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1277 | EXO | 25 | 22 | hl6e | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to speak to Moses. | ||
| 1278 | EXO | 25 | 22 | zu9u | figs-you | 1 | It is at the ark that I will meet with you | “I will meet with you at the ark.” In 25:22 the word “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1279 | EXO | 25 | 22 | wq9w | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 1280 | EXO | 25 | 23 | b11v | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1281 | EXO | 25 | 23 | t312 | translate-bdistance | 1 | two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a half | A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1282 | EXO | 25 | 25 | b6j8 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1283 | EXO | 25 | 25 | awi7 | 1 | one handbreadth wide | a measurement of 7 to 8 centimeters | ||
| 1284 | EXO | 25 | 25 | bit8 | 1 | frame for it | “frame for the table” | ||
| 1285 | EXO | 25 | 26 | y64j | 1 | feet were | “legs are” | ||
| 1286 | EXO | 25 | 27 | jdh4 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The rings must be attached | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must attach the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1287 | EXO | 25 | 27 | q5w8 | 1 | in order to carry | “so you can carry” | ||
| 1288 | EXO | 25 | 28 | d7jz | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1289 | EXO | 25 | 28 | l4fk | figs-activepassive | 1 | so that the table may be carried with them | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may carry the table with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1290 | EXO | 25 | 29 | v78d | figs-activepassive | 1 | to be used to pour out drink offerings | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1291 | EXO | 25 | 30 | uth7 | 1 | bread of the presence | This bread represented the presence of God. | ||
| 1292 | EXO | 25 | 31 | kc3q | 1 | hammered gold | “beaten gold.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md). | ||
| 1293 | EXO | 25 | 31 | g25l | figs-activepassive | 1 | The lampstand is to be made | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1294 | EXO | 25 | 31 | fq45 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers are to be all made of one piece with it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers all of one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1295 | EXO | 25 | 33 | nag2 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)). | ||
| 1296 | EXO | 25 | 33 | i7bh | 1 | almond blossoms | white or pink flowers that have five petals | ||
| 1297 | EXO | 25 | 34 | ji3x | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)). | ||
| 1298 | EXO | 25 | 35 | lg8l | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)). | ||
| 1299 | EXO | 25 | 35 | n5ed | figs-activepassive | 1 | made as one piece with it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must make them as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1300 | EXO | 25 | 36 | z9wy | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)). | ||
| 1301 | EXO | 25 | 37 | m2i7 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1302 | EXO | 25 | 37 | dfn6 | 1 | for them to give light from it | “so they shine light from it” | ||
| 1303 | EXO | 25 | 38 | l5w8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The tongs and their trays must be made of pure gold | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the tongs and their trays of pure gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1304 | EXO | 25 | 39 | ff5p | translate-bweight | 1 | one talent | A talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 1305 | EXO | 25 | 39 | ff8n | 1 | its accessories | the tongs and the trays | ||
| 1306 | EXO | 25 | 40 | l7je | figs-activepassive | 1 | you are being shown on the mountain | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am showing you on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1307 | EXO | 26 | intro | emw7 | 0 | # Exodus 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 1308 | EXO | 26 | 1 | hen6 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)). | ||
| 1309 | EXO | 26 | 1 | ks8r | figs-you | 1 | You must make | Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1310 | EXO | 26 | 1 | iww4 | 1 | curtains | These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. | ||
| 1311 | EXO | 26 | 1 | xvs7 | 1 | scarlet wool | wool dyed a deep red color | ||
| 1312 | EXO | 26 | 1 | n2vm | 1 | craftsman | a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand | ||
| 1313 | EXO | 26 | 2 | dkr6 | translate-bdistance | 1 | twenty-eight cubits…four cubits | “28 cubits…4 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1314 | EXO | 26 | 3 | ba6w | figs-activepassive | 1 | Five curtains must be joined to each other…must also be joined to each other | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Sew five curtains together to make one set, and sew the other five curtains together to make another set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1315 | EXO | 26 | 4 | ghz8 | 1 | one set | “one set of five curtains” | ||
| 1316 | EXO | 26 | 4 | zxx4 | 1 | the second set | “the second set of five curtains” | ||
| 1317 | EXO | 26 | 6 | sns4 | 1 | clasps | The clasps fit into the loops (verses 4 and 5) to hold the curtains together. | ||
| 1318 | EXO | 26 | 7 | k2mi | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1319 | EXO | 26 | 7 | t7t3 | translate-numbers | 1 | eleven | “11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1320 | EXO | 26 | 8 | p423 | translate-numbers | 1 | thirty…four | “30…4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1321 | EXO | 26 | 8 | v7i1 | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1322 | EXO | 26 | 10 | j8yn | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1323 | EXO | 26 | 10 | etf7 | 1 | loops | See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4](./04.md). | ||
| 1324 | EXO | 26 | 11 | cq36 | 1 | clasps | The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md). | ||
| 1325 | EXO | 26 | 12 | x5p7 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1326 | EXO | 26 | 13 | k4ci | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubit | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1327 | EXO | 26 | 14 | kii8 | 1 | a covering of ram skins dyed red, and another covering of fine leather | See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md). | ||
| 1328 | EXO | 26 | 14 | yz3v | 1 | dyed red | “colored red” | ||
| 1329 | EXO | 26 | 15 | p38r | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1330 | EXO | 26 | 15 | y85l | 1 | frames | This refers to frames or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood. | ||
| 1331 | EXO | 26 | 16 | k4b7 | translate-numbers | 1 | ten cubits…one and a half cubits | “10 cubits…1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1332 | EXO | 26 | 19 | s45x | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1333 | EXO | 26 | 19 | c9id | 1 | silver bases | These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. | ||
| 1334 | EXO | 26 | 19 | mm1h | 1 | pedestals | The silver bases kept the wooden board off the ground. | ||
| 1335 | EXO | 26 | 19 | lg39 | figs-activepassive | 1 | There must be two bases | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put two bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1336 | EXO | 26 | 21 | gag1 | figs-explicit | 1 | and so on | This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the boards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1337 | EXO | 26 | 22 | nw4c | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1338 | EXO | 26 | 24 | k1ec | figs-activepassive | 1 | These frames must be separate at the bottom, but joined at the top | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Separate these frames at the bottom, but join them at the top” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1339 | EXO | 26 | 25 | p2wu | 1 | silver bases | These were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the frame in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). | ||
| 1340 | EXO | 26 | 25 | q8xh | 1 | in all | “total” | ||
| 1341 | EXO | 26 | 25 | yr6d | figs-explicit | 1 | and so on | This means that what was said about the first two frames should be done for the rest of the frames. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:21](../26/21.md). Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1342 | EXO | 26 | 26 | c95e | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continue to tell Moses how the tabernacle was to be built. | ||
| 1343 | EXO | 26 | 26 | fc8p | 1 | crossbars | These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. | ||
| 1344 | EXO | 26 | 27 | rn67 | 1 | the back side of the tabernacle to the west | The front was on the east side of the tabernacle. | ||
| 1345 | EXO | 26 | 29 | x8ny | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle must be constructed. | ||
| 1346 | EXO | 26 | 29 | ji1j | 1 | for them to serve as holders for the crossbars | “which will hold the crossbars” or “because they will hold the crossbars” | ||
| 1347 | EXO | 26 | 29 | nq3m | 1 | crossbars | These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md). | ||
| 1348 | EXO | 26 | 30 | csf9 | figs-activepassive | 1 | you were shown on the mountain | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1349 | EXO | 26 | 31 | yqi6 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle is to be constructed. | ||
| 1350 | EXO | 26 | 31 | uc7w | figs-you | 1 | You must make | Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1351 | EXO | 26 | 33 | p2yq | 1 | clasps | The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md). | ||
| 1352 | EXO | 26 | 33 | d3gm | figs-explicit | 1 | you must bring in the ark of the testimony | The ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “you must bring in the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1353 | EXO | 26 | 33 | jc47 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The curtain is to separate the holy place | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The curtain will separate the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1354 | EXO | 26 | 34 | v7t1 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1355 | EXO | 26 | 34 | mli8 | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 1356 | EXO | 26 | 34 | b9m2 | 1 | on the ark of the testimony | “on the chest that contains the commandments” | ||
| 1357 | EXO | 26 | 35 | lv9e | figs-explicit | 1 | The table must be on the north side | This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Place the table for the bread of God’s presence on the north side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1358 | EXO | 26 | 36 | h3s1 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses how to construct the tabernacle. | ||
| 1359 | EXO | 26 | 36 | p5wf | 1 | a hanging | This was a large curtain made of cloth. | ||
| 1360 | EXO | 26 | 36 | rr16 | 1 | blue, purple, and scarlet material | Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md). | ||
| 1361 | EXO | 26 | 36 | f6td | 1 | fine twined linen | “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. | ||
| 1362 | EXO | 26 | 36 | r2fy | 1 | an embroiderer | “a person who sews designs into cloth” or “a person who embroiders” | ||
| 1363 | EXO | 27 | intro | x4f7 | 0 | # Exodus 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 1364 | EXO | 27 | 1 | hj65 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)). | ||
| 1365 | EXO | 27 | 1 | qj4j | translate-bdistance | 1 | five cubits long and five cubits wide | “2.2 meters long on each side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1366 | EXO | 27 | 1 | hbg9 | translate-bdistance | 1 | The altar must be square and three cubits high | “The altar must be square and 1.3 meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1367 | EXO | 27 | 1 | s8qy | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1368 | EXO | 27 | 2 | lr23 | 1 | You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns | “You must make projections that look like ox horns on its four corners” | ||
| 1369 | EXO | 27 | 2 | lek3 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The horns will be made | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make the horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1370 | EXO | 27 | 2 | y4r2 | 1 | must cover them | “must cover the altar and horns” | ||
| 1371 | EXO | 27 | 3 | qn79 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1372 | EXO | 27 | 3 | m4wm | 1 | basins | bowls | ||
| 1373 | EXO | 27 | 3 | z5ax | 1 | firepans | These were pans that held hot coals from the altar. | ||
| 1374 | EXO | 27 | 3 | j5zt | 1 | utensils | These were any instrument, vessel, or tool that served a useful purpose. | ||
| 1375 | EXO | 27 | 4 | fp9m | 1 | You must make a grate for the altar, a network of bronze | “You must make a bronze grate for the altar” | ||
| 1376 | EXO | 27 | 4 | hsq3 | 1 | grate | a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning | ||
| 1377 | EXO | 27 | 5 | v6n4 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people need to do. | ||
| 1378 | EXO | 27 | 5 | c5em | figs-explicit | 1 | You must put the grate under the ledge of the altar | The grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1379 | EXO | 27 | 5 | xc2t | 1 | grate | This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md). | ||
| 1380 | EXO | 27 | 6 | wki4 | figs-explicit | 1 | You must make poles for the altar | These poles were used for carrying the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must make poles for carrying the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1381 | EXO | 27 | 7 | fb3t | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people should do. | ||
| 1382 | EXO | 27 | 7 | b3yx | figs-activepassive | 1 | The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must put the poles into the rings and place them on each side of the altar to carry it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1383 | EXO | 27 | 8 | xj8e | 1 | planks | a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board | ||
| 1384 | EXO | 27 | 8 | t5ey | figs-activepassive | 1 | you were shown on the mountain | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown to you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1385 | EXO | 27 | 9 | y45x | figs-activepassive | 1 | There must be hangings…courtyard | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must place hangings…courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1386 | EXO | 27 | 9 | id4k | 1 | hangings of fine twined linen | A “hanging” was a large curtain made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md) | ||
| 1387 | EXO | 27 | 9 | v748 | 1 | fine twined linen | “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread | ||
| 1388 | EXO | 27 | 9 | ce9a | translate-bdistance | 1 | one hundred cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “44 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1389 | EXO | 27 | 10 | sfg8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | There must also be hooks…posts | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must also attach hooks…posts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1390 | EXO | 27 | 10 | k7rb | 1 | posts | a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support | ||
| 1391 | EXO | 27 | 11 | n95e | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1392 | EXO | 27 | 11 | gjg5 | 1 | there must be hangings one hundred cubits long | See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:9](./09.md). | ||
| 1393 | EXO | 27 | 11 | x52h | 1 | there must be hangings | This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “you must make hangings” | ||
| 1394 | EXO | 27 | 11 | nr77 | 1 | with twenty posts, twenty bronze bases, hooks attached to the posts, and silver rods | See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:10](./10.md). | ||
| 1395 | EXO | 27 | 12 | p4u4 | 1 | there must be a curtain | This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “you must make a curtain” | ||
| 1396 | EXO | 27 | 12 | elw4 | 1 | There must be ten posts | This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make ten posts” | ||
| 1397 | EXO | 27 | 13 | w2sg | 1 | The courtyard must also be fifty cubits long | This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Make the courtyard fifty cubits long” | ||
| 1398 | EXO | 27 | 14 | mzn5 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1399 | EXO | 27 | 14 | vy7r | 1 | The hangings | These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). | ||
| 1400 | EXO | 27 | 14 | z8n2 | 1 | posts | These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md). | ||
| 1401 | EXO | 27 | 14 | gz7s | 1 | bases | These were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). | ||
| 1402 | EXO | 27 | 14 | u8nm | translate-bdistance | 1 | fifteen cubits | about seven meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1403 | EXO | 27 | 16 | wv46 | 1 | The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits long | This could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate” | ||
| 1404 | EXO | 27 | 16 | h4tw | figs-activepassive | 1 | The curtain must be made…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must make the curtain…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer” or “Embroiderers must make the curtain…fine twined linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1405 | EXO | 27 | 16 | kn9u | 1 | blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linen | Possible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. | ||
| 1406 | EXO | 27 | 16 | g5wi | 1 | an embroiderer | a person who sews designs into cloth | ||
| 1407 | EXO | 27 | 17 | wal2 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1408 | EXO | 27 | 18 | wt7n | translate-bdistance | 1 | one hundred cubits | “100 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1409 | EXO | 27 | 18 | j1zp | 1 | fine twined linen hangings | “finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). | ||
| 1410 | EXO | 27 | 19 | w5n8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard must be made of bronze | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “make all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1411 | EXO | 27 | 19 | bs7c | 1 | tent pegs | sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground | ||
| 1412 | EXO | 27 | 20 | wn9n | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1413 | EXO | 27 | 21 | ge7v | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. | ||
| 1414 | EXO | 27 | 21 | p7ru | 1 | ark of testimony | This is the chest that contains the sacred slabs of stone on which Yahweh had written his commandments. | ||
| 1415 | EXO | 27 | 21 | vr7m | 1 | This requirement will be a lasting statute | “I require that the people do this as a lasting statute” | ||
| 1416 | EXO | 28 | intro | r3yx | 0 | # Exodus 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Holy garments<br>Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 1417 | EXO | 28 | 1 | bsm1 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)). | ||
| 1418 | EXO | 28 | 1 | e1xb | figs-you | 1 | Call to yourself | Here “yourself” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1419 | EXO | 28 | 2 | tv9h | figs-you | 1 | You must make | Here “you” refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1420 | EXO | 28 | 2 | t5gy | figs-activepassive | 1 | garments that are set apart to me | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “garments that you will set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1421 | EXO | 28 | 4 | re79 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1422 | EXO | 28 | 4 | tr5e | 1 | a coat of woven work | “a coat with a design woven into it” | ||
| 1423 | EXO | 28 | 4 | dz5h | 1 | turban | a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. | ||
| 1424 | EXO | 28 | 4 | k184 | 1 | sash | a piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest | ||
| 1425 | EXO | 28 | 6 | yu8u | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1426 | EXO | 28 | 6 | u3rx | 1 | fine-twined linen | “finely-twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). | ||
| 1427 | EXO | 28 | 6 | k3bj | 1 | skillful craftsman | a person who can make beautiful objects by hand | ||
| 1428 | EXO | 28 | 8 | w523 | figs-activepassive | 1 | it must be made of one piece | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they must make it in one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1429 | EXO | 28 | 9 | c4ia | translate-unknown | 1 | onyx stones | These are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1430 | EXO | 28 | 10 | at1b | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1431 | EXO | 28 | 11 | dv8k | 1 | With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet | “In the same way a person engraves on a seal” | ||
| 1432 | EXO | 28 | 11 | x1xc | 1 | engraver | a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal | ||
| 1433 | EXO | 28 | 11 | cm3f | 1 | signet | an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal | ||
| 1434 | EXO | 28 | 11 | gh2r | 1 | settings | pieces of metal that hold the stone onto the ephod | ||
| 1435 | EXO | 28 | 13 | hpc7 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1436 | EXO | 28 | 13 | pi4x | 1 | settings | These are pieces of metal that hold each stone onto the ephod. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md). | ||
| 1437 | EXO | 28 | 14 | e746 | 1 | two braided chains of pure gold like cords | “two chains of pure gold that are braided like cords” | ||
| 1438 | EXO | 28 | 15 | ta6b | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1439 | EXO | 28 | 15 | sf8e | 1 | the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod | “a skillful workman will make it like the ephod” | ||
| 1440 | EXO | 28 | 16 | cny4 | translate-bdistance | 1 | span | A span is 22 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1441 | EXO | 28 | 17 | spd4 | 1 | General Information: | Twelve kinds of stone are listed here. Scholars are not sure which kinds of stones the Hebrew words refer to. Some translations list different stones. | ||
| 1442 | EXO | 28 | 17 | qp4t | translate-unknown | 1 | precious stones | “valuable gems” or “treasured gems.” See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1443 | EXO | 28 | 17 | n1ys | translate-unknown | 1 | ruby…topaz…garnet | These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1444 | EXO | 28 | 18 | ga1v | 1 | emerald…diamond | These are precious stones. | ||
| 1445 | EXO | 28 | 18 | a5rr | 1 | sapphire | This is a gemstone that is blue in color. See how you translated this in [Exodus 24:10](../24/10.md). | ||
| 1446 | EXO | 28 | 19 | z17r | 1 | jacinth…agate…amethyst | These are precious stones | ||
| 1447 | EXO | 28 | 20 | ul2e | translate-unknown | 1 | beryl…jasper | These are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1448 | EXO | 28 | 20 | rgf6 | translate-unknown | 1 | onyx | This is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1449 | EXO | 28 | 20 | pw5h | figs-activepassive | 1 | They must be mounted in gold settings | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must mount them in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1450 | EXO | 28 | 21 | d6fa | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1451 | EXO | 28 | 21 | x4qn | figs-activepassive | 1 | The stones must be arranged | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must arrange the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1452 | EXO | 28 | 21 | z8mw | 1 | signet ring | A signet is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. Here the stone is mounted on a ring. See how you translated “signet” in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md). | ||
| 1453 | EXO | 28 | 22 | m7yl | 1 | chains like cords, braided work of pure gold | “chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md). | ||
| 1454 | EXO | 28 | 25 | cd3a | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1455 | EXO | 28 | 25 | d8y3 | 1 | braided chains | “chains braided like cords.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md). | ||
| 1456 | EXO | 28 | 25 | a4lc | figs-explicit | 1 | to the two settings | These are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the two settings that enclose the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1457 | EXO | 28 | 27 | e385 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1458 | EXO | 28 | 27 | vw1w | 1 | finely-woven waistband | This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md). | ||
| 1459 | EXO | 28 | 28 | se56 | figs-activepassive | 1 | so that it might be attached | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they may attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1460 | EXO | 28 | 28 | wf9v | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod | This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 1461 | EXO | 28 | 29 | k21k | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1462 | EXO | 28 | 29 | z1mz | 1 | he must carry the names of the people of Israel over his heart in the breastpiece | This refers to the names of the tribes engraved on the twelve stones the breastplate as described in [Exodus 28:17-21](./17.md). | ||
| 1463 | EXO | 28 | 29 | cc97 | 1 | over his heart | “over Aaron’s heart” or “on his chest” | ||
| 1464 | EXO | 28 | 30 | f537 | 1 | the Urim and the Thummim…the means for making decisions | The second phrase appears to refer to the Urim and Thummim and explain their purpose. | ||
| 1465 | EXO | 28 | 30 | dgn9 | translate-unknown | 1 | the Urim and the Thummim | It not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1466 | EXO | 28 | 31 | jl1d | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1467 | EXO | 28 | 32 | x42n | 1 | This must be the work of a weaver | This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “A weaver must make this robe” | ||
| 1468 | EXO | 28 | 32 | rw96 | 1 | a weaver | “a person who weaves” or “a person who creates cloth using thread” | ||
| 1469 | EXO | 28 | 33 | v7gy | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people do. | ||
| 1470 | EXO | 28 | 33 | t9re | translate-unknown | 1 | pomegranates | A pomegranate is a round fruit with a red outer skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1471 | EXO | 28 | 34 | kl55 | 1 | a golden bell and a pomegranate | This phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe. | ||
| 1472 | EXO | 28 | 35 | de4m | figs-activepassive | 1 | The robe is to be on Aaron when he serves | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear the robe when he serves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1473 | EXO | 28 | 35 | pf61 | figs-activepassive | 1 | so that its sound can be heard | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the bells make a sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1474 | EXO | 28 | 35 | qtf9 | figs-explicit | 1 | This is so that he does not die | It is implied that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1475 | EXO | 28 | 36 | e8qp | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1476 | EXO | 28 | 36 | nd2q | 1 | engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet | “write on it in the same way a person engraves on a seal.” See how you translated similar words in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md) | ||
| 1477 | EXO | 28 | 37 | qka6 | 1 | turban | This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1478 | EXO | 28 | 38 | ee65 | figs-activepassive | 1 | It must be on Aaron’s forehead | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear it on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1479 | EXO | 28 | 38 | u19w | figs-activepassive | 1 | The turban must be always on his forehead | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must always wear the turban on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1480 | EXO | 28 | 39 | cp68 | 1 | General Information: | God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1481 | EXO | 28 | 39 | t5vj | 1 | turban | This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1482 | EXO | 28 | 39 | yi1l | 1 | sash | A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1483 | EXO | 28 | 39 | i62z | 1 | the work of an embroiderer | An embroiderer is a person who sews designs into cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). | ||
| 1484 | EXO | 28 | 40 | sc7t | 1 | General Information: | God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1485 | EXO | 28 | 40 | pfs2 | 1 | sashes | A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1486 | EXO | 28 | 40 | v2tj | 1 | headbands | A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. | ||
| 1487 | EXO | 28 | 41 | xa75 | figs-explicit | 1 | You must clothe Aaron your brother | Aaron was the older brother of Moses. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Put these clothes on your older brother Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1488 | EXO | 28 | 42 | vua7 | 1 | General Information: | God continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1489 | EXO | 28 | 42 | vz62 | 1 | undergarments | These are underwear, clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. | ||
| 1490 | EXO | 28 | 43 | s6n2 | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md). | ||
| 1491 | EXO | 28 | 43 | r7y7 | 1 | a permanent law | “a law the will not end” | ||
| 1492 | EXO | 29 | intro | xmd9 | 0 | # Exodus 29 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Consecrating priests<br>This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “I will live among the Israelites”<br>As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark. | |||
| 1493 | EXO | 29 | 1 | d6gk | 1 | Now | The word “now” marks a change in topic from garments for priests to consecrating priests. | ||
| 1494 | EXO | 29 | 1 | z78h | 1 | you must do | Here “you” refers to Moses. | ||
| 1495 | EXO | 29 | 1 | ld5s | 1 | to set them apart | “to set apart Aaron and his sons” | ||
| 1496 | EXO | 29 | 1 | dq2c | 1 | serve me | Here “me” refers to Yahweh. | ||
| 1497 | EXO | 29 | 1 | cgl2 | 1 | one young bull | a male cow | ||
| 1498 | EXO | 29 | 2 | ptm7 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oil | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Also take wafers without yeast and rub them with oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1499 | EXO | 29 | 2 | r449 | 1 | bread…cakes…wafers | These are different kinds of food made from flour. | ||
| 1500 | EXO | 29 | 3 | u713 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to speak to Moses | ||
| 1501 | EXO | 29 | 3 | gm58 | 1 | You must put them | “You must put the bread, cake, and wafer” | ||
| 1502 | EXO | 29 | 3 | cd6m | figs-explicit | 1 | present them with the bull and the two rams | Here “present” means to offer as a sacrifice. The full meaning of this can be translated clearly. Alternate translation: “offer them to me when you sacrifice the bull and the two rams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1503 | EXO | 29 | 4 | a6rz | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md). | ||
| 1504 | EXO | 29 | 5 | va8b | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1505 | EXO | 29 | 5 | f7u7 | 1 | coat | This was a coat with a design woven into it. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1506 | EXO | 29 | 5 | pr4i | 1 | finely-woven waistband | This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md). | ||
| 1507 | EXO | 29 | 6 | ap2x | 1 | turban | This was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1508 | EXO | 29 | 6 | y59s | 1 | holy crown | This crown is described in [Exodus 29:6](../29/06.md) as being engraved with the words “dedicated to Yahweh” and made of pure gold. | ||
| 1509 | EXO | 29 | 8 | s53c | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1510 | EXO | 29 | 8 | v46k | 1 | bring his sons | “bring Aaron’s sons” | ||
| 1511 | EXO | 29 | 8 | jtc7 | 1 | coats | These were coats with a design woven into them. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1512 | EXO | 29 | 9 | j3a8 | 1 | sashes | A sash is a decorative piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 1513 | EXO | 29 | 9 | bh2d | 1 | headbands | A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md). | ||
| 1514 | EXO | 29 | 9 | r1x4 | 1 | The work of the priesthood | “the duty of being priests” | ||
| 1515 | EXO | 29 | 9 | ze9l | figs-explicit | 1 | will belong to them | The duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aaron’s sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “will belong to them and their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1516 | EXO | 29 | 9 | p7m9 | 1 | permanent law | “a law the will not end.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md). | ||
| 1517 | EXO | 29 | 10 | r782 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1518 | EXO | 29 | 10 | p996 | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md). | ||
| 1519 | EXO | 29 | 11 | bf2m | 1 | You must kill the bull | The bull offering was to be killed by Moses, not the priests, at the doorway, not inside the tent of meeting. | ||
| 1520 | EXO | 29 | 11 | y6kp | figs-explicit | 1 | kill the bull | Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for “kill” that will imply a method similar to “slitting its throat and catch the blood in a bowl.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1521 | EXO | 29 | 12 | uxh3 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1522 | EXO | 29 | 12 | c2ud | 1 | the horns | These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). | ||
| 1523 | EXO | 29 | 12 | xdl5 | 1 | the rest of the blood | “the remaining blood” | ||
| 1524 | EXO | 29 | 13 | x2c5 | 1 | covers the inner parts | “covers the organs” | ||
| 1525 | EXO | 29 | 13 | nsg6 | 1 | liver…kidneys | These are organs in the body. | ||
| 1526 | EXO | 29 | 14 | eza8 | 1 | But as for the bull’s flesh, as well as its skin and dung | “But as for the remaining parts of the bull” | ||
| 1527 | EXO | 29 | 16 | hd8i | 1 | You must kill the ram | For these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was Moses, not Aaron or his sons, who had to kill the animals. | ||
| 1528 | EXO | 29 | 17 | w2nb | 1 | the inner parts | “the organs.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](../29/13.md). | ||
| 1529 | EXO | 29 | 18 | s68x | 1 | on the altar | Unlike the bull offering that was burned outside of the tent, the ram was to be burned on the inner altar. | ||
| 1530 | EXO | 29 | 19 | x3iv | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1531 | EXO | 29 | 20 | j6b1 | figs-explicit | 1 | Then you must kill the ram | The ram was killed by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Then kill the ram by slitting its throat” or “Then kill the ram by cutting its throat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1532 | EXO | 29 | 21 | saa8 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1533 | EXO | 29 | 21 | w1aa | figs-activepassive | 1 | Aaron will then be set apart for me | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “By doing this, you will dedicate Aaron to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1534 | EXO | 29 | 22 | gj68 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1535 | EXO | 29 | 22 | i3dc | 1 | inner parts…liver…kidney | These refer to organs inside the body. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](../29/13.md). | ||
| 1536 | EXO | 29 | 23 | td8w | 1 | Take one loaf…before Yahweh | For 29:23 see how you translated similar words in [Exodus 29:2](../29/02.md). | ||
| 1537 | EXO | 29 | 23 | i7vx | 1 | that is before Yahweh | “that you have placed before Yahweh” | ||
| 1538 | EXO | 29 | 24 | wv9l | 1 | General Information: | God continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1539 | EXO | 29 | 24 | b9bj | 1 | You must put these | Here “these” refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses. | ||
| 1540 | EXO | 29 | 25 | wz3a | figs-activepassive | 1 | it will be an offering made to me by fire | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “burn it as an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1541 | EXO | 29 | 26 | acx5 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1542 | EXO | 29 | 26 | bf71 | 1 | ram of dedication | “ram that you dedicated” or “ram that you killed” | ||
| 1543 | EXO | 29 | 26 | c21f | 1 | Aaron’s ram of dedication | “the ram that you used to dedicate Aaron” | ||
| 1544 | EXO | 29 | 28 | uc2d | 1 | This will be a perpetual share for Aaron and his sons | “This is what Aaron and his sons will always receive from the people” | ||
| 1545 | EXO | 29 | 29 | la34 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1546 | EXO | 29 | 29 | qru8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after him | These garments belong to the priesthood and are not just Aaron’s personal clothing. Alternate translation: “Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1547 | EXO | 29 | 29 | i5vz | figs-activepassive | 1 | They are to be anointed in them and ordained to me in them | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and ordain them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1548 | EXO | 29 | 30 | pe79 | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md). | ||
| 1549 | EXO | 29 | 31 | npz1 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1550 | EXO | 29 | 31 | l3xk | 1 | the ram for the installation of the priests | “the ram you killed when you installed the priests” | ||
| 1551 | EXO | 29 | 31 | u9kl | figs-explicit | 1 | in a holy place | This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the tent of meeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1552 | EXO | 29 | 32 | dp8h | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md). | ||
| 1553 | EXO | 29 | 33 | qk8i | figs-activepassive | 1 | that were given | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1554 | EXO | 29 | 34 | rhp7 | figs-activepassive | 1 | It must not be eaten | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1555 | EXO | 29 | 34 | lhi8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | because it has been set apart to me | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because you have set it apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1556 | EXO | 29 | 35 | c2si | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1557 | EXO | 29 | 35 | g9pm | 1 | In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons | “I have commanded you to treat Aaron and his sons this way” | ||
| 1558 | EXO | 29 | 37 | pq5d | 1 | Then the altar will be completely set apart to me | “Then the altar will be most holy” | ||
| 1559 | EXO | 29 | 37 | qk5h | 1 | will be set apart to Yahweh | “will also be very holy” | ||
| 1560 | EXO | 29 | 38 | e4r9 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1561 | EXO | 29 | 38 | sli9 | 1 | You must regularly offer on the altar every day | “You must daily offer on the altar” | ||
| 1562 | EXO | 29 | 40 | rt1f | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1563 | EXO | 29 | 40 | x6i4 | translate-fraction | 1 | a tenth…the fourth part | “1/10…1/4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1564 | EXO | 29 | 40 | bwg1 | translate-bvolume | 1 | ephah | An ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) | |
| 1565 | EXO | 29 | 40 | vt6f | translate-bvolume | 1 | hin | A hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) | |
| 1566 | EXO | 29 | 41 | t1tt | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1567 | EXO | 29 | 41 | hgt9 | figs-activepassive | 1 | it will be an offering made to me by fire | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will be a burnt offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1568 | EXO | 29 | 42 | j8cg | 1 | throughout your generations | “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md). | ||
| 1569 | EXO | 29 | 42 | h5r7 | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md). | ||
| 1570 | EXO | 29 | 43 | f1t6 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1571 | EXO | 29 | 43 | ic8i | figs-activepassive | 1 | the tent will be set apart for me by my glory | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My awesome presence will dedicate the tent to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1572 | EXO | 29 | 45 | zcs1 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1573 | EXO | 30 | intro | z3yc | 0 | # Exodus 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Atonement<br>The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) | |||
| 1574 | EXO | 30 | 1 | r1f4 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment. | ||
| 1575 | EXO | 30 | 1 | v8vb | figs-you | 1 | You must make | Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1576 | EXO | 30 | 2 | w56e | figs-activepassive | 1 | Its horns must be made | These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated “horns” in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). Alternate translation: “You must make its horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1577 | EXO | 30 | 3 | d3uu | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1578 | EXO | 30 | 3 | ddb2 | 1 | the incense altar | “an altar to burn incense” | ||
| 1579 | EXO | 30 | 4 | qyg4 | figs-activepassive | 1 | to be attached to it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which you will attach to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1580 | EXO | 30 | 5 | r61h | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1581 | EXO | 30 | 6 | h33c | figs-explicit | 1 | ark of the testimony | The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1582 | EXO | 30 | 6 | e52i | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 1583 | EXO | 30 | 6 | vg6k | figs-you | 1 | where I will meet with you | Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1584 | EXO | 30 | 7 | l2rl | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1585 | EXO | 30 | 8 | qm7i | 1 | throughout your generations | “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md). | ||
| 1586 | EXO | 30 | 9 | ckf9 | 1 | But you must offer | Though the word “you” is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense. | ||
| 1587 | EXO | 30 | 10 | ez2s | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1588 | EXO | 30 | 10 | k6xk | 1 | horns | These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). | ||
| 1589 | EXO | 30 | 10 | san2 | 1 | throughout your generations | “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md). | ||
| 1590 | EXO | 30 | 12 | s73c | figs-you | 1 | When you take | Possible meanings are (1) “you” refers to just Moses or (2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1591 | EXO | 30 | 12 | k5p1 | 1 | a census of the Israelites | The leaders only counted the Israelite men. | ||
| 1592 | EXO | 30 | 13 | s69s | figs-activepassive | 1 | Everyone who is counted | This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. Alternate translation: “Everyone you count” or “Every man you count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1593 | EXO | 30 | 13 | i4wk | translate-bmoney | 1 | half a shekel of silver | “1/2 a shekel of silver.” Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “5.5 grams of silver” or “six grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1594 | EXO | 30 | 13 | nfp6 | 1 | according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary | There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. | ||
| 1595 | EXO | 30 | 13 | id6d | translate-unknown | 1 | twenty gerahs | “20 gerahs.” A gerah is a unit that people used for measuring how much something very small weighed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1596 | EXO | 30 | 14 | k4h9 | figs-metaphor | 1 | from twenty years old and up | Larger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. Alternate translation: “from twenty years old and more” or “who is twenty years old or older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1597 | EXO | 30 | 15 | r7fd | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1598 | EXO | 30 | 15 | rll6 | 1 | the people | Only the men made this offering. | ||
| 1599 | EXO | 30 | 15 | e8xa | translate-bmoney | 1 | the half shekel | Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “the 5.5 grams of silver” or “the 6 grams of silver.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1600 | EXO | 30 | 16 | z6tn | 1 | It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives | Possible meanings are (1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or (2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.” | ||
| 1601 | EXO | 30 | 18 | ye18 | figs-you | 1 | You must also make | Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1602 | EXO | 30 | 18 | v88y | 1 | bronze basin | “bronze bowl” or “bronze tub” | ||
| 1603 | EXO | 30 | 18 | bh82 | 1 | a bronze stand | This is what the basin would be put on. | ||
| 1604 | EXO | 30 | 18 | iq8n | 1 | a basin for washing | This phrase explains what the priests were to use the large bronze basin for. | ||
| 1605 | EXO | 30 | 18 | m5li | 1 | the altar | the altar of sacrifice | ||
| 1606 | EXO | 30 | 19 | jq26 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1607 | EXO | 30 | 19 | ivb1 | 1 | water in it | “water in the basin” | ||
| 1608 | EXO | 30 | 21 | hp35 | 1 | for Aaron and his descendants throughout their people’s generations | “for Aaron and all the generations of his descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md). | ||
| 1609 | EXO | 30 | 22 | p8n6 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1610 | EXO | 30 | 23 | m9g7 | translate-unknown | 1 | spices | dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1611 | EXO | 30 | 23 | zq43 | translate-numbers | 1 | five hundred shekels…250 shekels | “500 shekels…two hundred and fifty shekels.” A shekel is about 11 grams. Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “5.7 kilograms…11.4 kilograms” or “six kilograms…three kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1612 | EXO | 30 | 23 | xga2 | translate-unknown | 1 | cinnamon…cane | These are sweet spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1613 | EXO | 30 | 24 | p9jh | translate-unknown | 1 | cassia | This is a sweet spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 1614 | EXO | 30 | 24 | n38f | translate-bweight | 1 | the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary | There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 1615 | EXO | 30 | 24 | dv89 | translate-bvolume | 1 | one hin | Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “3.7 liters” or “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1616 | EXO | 30 | 25 | juf3 | 1 | with these ingredients | “with these items” | ||
| 1617 | EXO | 30 | 25 | k3s5 | 1 | the work of a perfumer | Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. | ||
| 1618 | EXO | 30 | 25 | yv9l | 1 | a perfumer | a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils | ||
| 1619 | EXO | 30 | 26 | f7k5 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1620 | EXO | 30 | 26 | u241 | figs-you | 1 | You must anoint | Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1621 | EXO | 30 | 26 | d4id | figs-explicit | 1 | ark of the testimony | The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1622 | EXO | 30 | 28 | v5mk | 1 | the altar for burnt offerings | “the altar on which offering were burnt” | ||
| 1623 | EXO | 30 | 29 | a9hr | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1624 | EXO | 30 | 29 | np7g | 1 | set them apart | This refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26-28](./26.md). | ||
| 1625 | EXO | 30 | 31 | k4s7 | 1 | throughout your people’s generations | “all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md). | ||
| 1626 | EXO | 30 | 32 | w4dt | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what Moses must tell the people. | ||
| 1627 | EXO | 30 | 32 | rlk4 | figs-activepassive | 1 | It must not be applied to people’s skin | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person’s skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1628 | EXO | 30 | 32 | v3br | 1 | with the same formula | “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items” | ||
| 1629 | EXO | 30 | 33 | pa53 | figs-metaphor | 1 | that person must be cut off from his people | The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1630 | EXO | 30 | 34 | r3j2 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of “you” are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST. | ||
| 1631 | EXO | 30 | 35 | as9y | figs-activepassive | 1 | Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer | The phrase with “blended” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended” or “A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1632 | EXO | 30 | 35 | y8yj | 1 | blended by a perfumer | Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md). | ||
| 1633 | EXO | 30 | 36 | nz2a | figs-you | 1 | You will grind it | “You will crush it.” Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1634 | EXO | 30 | 36 | t8y9 | figs-you | 1 | You will regard | Here “you” is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1635 | EXO | 30 | 37 | z4p5 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1636 | EXO | 30 | 37 | dq6c | 1 | you must not make any | The word “you” here refers to the people of Israel. | ||
| 1637 | EXO | 30 | 37 | yv1y | 1 | with the same formula | “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md). | ||
| 1638 | EXO | 30 | 37 | wh25 | 1 | It must be most holy to you | “You must consider it to be most holy” | ||
| 1639 | EXO | 30 | 38 | xn6v | 1 | perfume | This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body. | ||
| 1640 | EXO | 30 | 38 | sa1m | figs-metaphor | 1 | must be cut off from his people | The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](../30/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1641 | EXO | 31 | intro | wfk7 | 0 | # Exodus 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the end of Exodus’ recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sabbath<br>As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) | |||
| 1642 | EXO | 31 | 2 | m8ju | figs-metonymy | 1 | I have called by name | God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1643 | EXO | 31 | 2 | hf5r | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel…Uri…Hur | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1644 | EXO | 31 | 3 | ayb9 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1645 | EXO | 31 | 3 | f7sk | figs-metaphor | 1 | I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit | Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his Spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God’s Spirit were a liquid. Alternate translation: “I have given my Spirit to Bezalel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1646 | EXO | 31 | 3 | r6i5 | figs-abstractnouns | 1 | for all kinds of craftsmanship | The abstract noun “craftsmanship” can be translated as “making crafts” or “making things.” Alternate translation: “for making all kinds of crafts” or “so that he can make all kinds of things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1647 | EXO | 31 | 6 | qk4r | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1648 | EXO | 31 | 6 | jh61 | translate-names | 1 | Oholiab…Ahisamak | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1649 | EXO | 31 | 6 | wcq7 | 1 | I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise | God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. Alternate translation: “I have given skill to all who are wise” or “I have made all who are wise able to make things well” | ||
| 1650 | EXO | 31 | 7 | jc78 | 1 | tent of meeting | This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md). | ||
| 1651 | EXO | 31 | 7 | m58b | figs-explicit | 1 | ark of the testimony | The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1652 | EXO | 31 | 7 | z5s4 | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 1653 | EXO | 31 | 8 | h84n | 1 | incense altar | “altar to burn incense.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md). | ||
| 1654 | EXO | 31 | 9 | cvl7 | 1 | altar for burnt offerings | “altar on which offering were burnt.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:28](../30/28.md). | ||
| 1655 | EXO | 31 | 10 | hn88 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1656 | EXO | 31 | 11 | z1u2 | 1 | These craftsmen | “These people who are skilled in making beautiful things” | ||
| 1657 | EXO | 31 | 13 | i1lw | figs-metaphor | 1 | You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days | God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “You must certainly obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1658 | EXO | 31 | 13 | gw13 | 1 | throughout your people’s generations | “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md). | ||
| 1659 | EXO | 31 | 13 | h75a | figs-metaphor | 1 | who sets you apart for himself | God speaks of choosing people to be his as setting them apart for himself. Alternate translation: “who has chosen you to be his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1660 | EXO | 31 | 14 | g83p | figs-activepassive | 1 | for it must be treated by you as holy | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you must treat it as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1661 | EXO | 31 | 14 | mv4l | figs-metaphor | 1 | Everyone who defiles it | God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. Alternate translation: “Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect” or “Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1662 | EXO | 31 | 14 | plq5 | figs-activepassive | 1 | must surely be put to death | “must surely be killed.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1663 | EXO | 31 | 14 | fz1g | figs-metaphor | 1 | must surely be cut off from his people | The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” (2) “you must surely send him away” or (3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1664 | EXO | 31 | 15 | v4dv | translate-numbers | 1 | but the seventh day | “but day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1665 | EXO | 31 | 16 | iv7a | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel. | ||
| 1666 | EXO | 31 | 16 | t9hw | figs-metaphor | 1 | must keep the Sabbath | God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1667 | EXO | 31 | 16 | n7q2 | 1 | They must observe it throughout their people’s generations | “They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it.” See how you translated “throughout their people’s generations” in [Exodus 12:42](../12/42.md). | ||
| 1668 | EXO | 31 | 16 | yef8 | 1 | lasting covenant | “a covenant that will always exist.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md). | ||
| 1669 | EXO | 31 | 18 | xc6h | figs-activepassive | 1 | written on by his own hand | This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1670 | EXO | 32 | intro | vv2w | 0 | # Exodus 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idolatry<br>The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 1671 | EXO | 32 | 1 | cfk8 | figs-metaphor | 1 | the people saw | Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1672 | EXO | 32 | 1 | k2i1 | 1 | Come, make us an idol | The word “come” strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them. | ||
| 1673 | EXO | 32 | 1 | mrb5 | 1 | go before us | “lead us” or “be our leader” | ||
| 1674 | EXO | 32 | 2 | p86s | 1 | bring them to me | The word “them” refers to the golden rings. | ||
| 1675 | EXO | 32 | 3 | ckg2 | 1 | All the people | This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses’ God as their God. | ||
| 1676 | EXO | 32 | 4 | uf9e | 1 | fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf | Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf. | ||
| 1677 | EXO | 32 | 5 | ztx4 | figs-explicit | 1 | When Aaron saw this | You may need to make explicit what he saw. “When Aaron saw what the people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1678 | EXO | 32 | 6 | as6u | 1 | to carouse in wild celebration | “to have a wild party.” The people likely behaved in sexually immoral ways at the party. | ||
| 1679 | EXO | 32 | 8 | eua5 | figs-metaphor | 1 | left the way that I commanded them | Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what I commanded them to do” or “have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1680 | EXO | 32 | 9 | bh7c | figs-metaphor | 1 | I have seen this people | Here Yahweh compares knowing the people to seeing them. Alternate translation: “I know this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1681 | EXO | 32 | 9 | ffe2 | figs-metaphor | 1 | a stiff-necked people | Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. Alternate translation: “a stubborn people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1682 | EXO | 32 | 10 | fmk3 | 1 | Now then | The word “now” is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people. | ||
| 1683 | EXO | 32 | 10 | sd9w | figs-metaphor | 1 | My anger will burn hot against them | Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. Alternate translation: “My anger towards them will be terrible” or “I am extremely angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1684 | EXO | 32 | 10 | vc2u | figs-you | 1 | from you | The word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1685 | EXO | 32 | 11 | h62e | figs-metaphor | 1 | why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand? | Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not let your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand.” or “Do not be so angry with your people…a mighty hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1686 | EXO | 32 | 11 | t2cv | figs-doublet | 1 | great power…mighty hand | These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 1687 | EXO | 32 | 11 | ph43 | figs-metonymy | 1 | a mighty hand | Here the word “hand” refers to the things Yahweh did. Alternate translation: “and the powerful things you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1688 | EXO | 32 | 12 | k26p | 1 | General Information: | Moses continues to reason with God not to destroy Israel. | ||
| 1689 | EXO | 32 | 12 | r8ij | figs-rquestion | 1 | Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’ | Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1690 | EXO | 32 | 12 | kzh7 | 1 | face of the earth | “from the surface of the earth” or “from the earth” | ||
| 1691 | EXO | 32 | 12 | fns1 | 1 | Turn from your burning anger | “Stop your burning anger” or “Stop being so angry” | ||
| 1692 | EXO | 32 | 12 | p1df | figs-metaphor | 1 | your burning anger | Moses speaks of God’s anger as if it were a fire that was burning. Alternate translation: “your terrible anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1693 | EXO | 32 | 13 | t9sa | 1 | Call to mind Abraham | “Remember Abraham” or “Think about Abraham” | ||
| 1694 | EXO | 32 | 13 | p8jq | 1 | you swore | “you made an oath” or “you solemnly promised” | ||
| 1695 | EXO | 32 | 13 | q1g1 | figs-metaphor | 1 | They will inherit it forever | God speaks about them possessing the land as if they would inherit it. Alternate translation: “They will possess it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1696 | EXO | 32 | 15 | cx7z | 1 | tablets of the covenant decrees | These are the two stone slabs on which God had engraved his commandments. | ||
| 1697 | EXO | 32 | 16 | w3ua | figs-parallelism | 1 | The tablets were God’s own work, and the writing was God’s own writing | These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were “God’s own work.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) | |
| 1698 | EXO | 32 | 17 | cua3 | figs-explicit | 1 | he said to Moses | It is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1699 | EXO | 32 | 19 | hr2j | 1 | the tablets | “the two stone slabs that Yahweh had written on” | ||
| 1700 | EXO | 32 | 21 | du5l | figs-quotations | 1 | Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people…a great sin on them?” | This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses asked Aaron what the people do to him, that he have brought such a great sin on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 1701 | EXO | 32 | 21 | np73 | figs-metaphor | 1 | you have brought such a great sin on them | Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to sin so terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1702 | EXO | 32 | 22 | z2ch | figs-metaphor | 1 | Do not let your anger burn hot | Aaron spoke of Moses’ anger as if it were a fire that could burn. “Do not be so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1703 | EXO | 32 | 22 | vdy2 | figs-metaphor | 1 | they are set on doing evil | Being determined to do evil is spoken of as being set on evil. Alternate translation: “they are determined to do what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1704 | EXO | 32 | 23 | zn68 | 1 | this Moses | People showed disrespect by putting the word “this” before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust. | ||
| 1705 | EXO | 32 | 24 | yq7s | figs-quotations | 1 | So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’ | This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 1706 | EXO | 32 | 24 | b3l5 | 1 | I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf | Instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally. | ||
| 1707 | EXO | 32 | 25 | ck1f | 1 | were running wild | “were behaving wildly” or “were not controlling themselves” | ||
| 1708 | EXO | 32 | 26 | jis7 | figs-quotations | 1 | Then Moses stood at the entrance…“Whoever is on Yahweh’s side, come to me.” | This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said that whoever was on Yahweh’s side should come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 1709 | EXO | 32 | 26 | ryb5 | figs-metaphor | 1 | Whoever is on Yahweh’s side | Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being on Yahweh’s side. Alternate translation: “Whoever is loyal to Yahweh” or “Whoever serves Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1710 | EXO | 32 | 27 | xsl3 | 1 | go back and forth from entrance to entrance | “go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp” | ||
| 1711 | EXO | 32 | 28 | at4i | translate-numbers | 1 | three thousand of the people | “3000 of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1712 | EXO | 32 | 29 | jzp1 | 1 | You have been placed into Yahweh’s service | This probably means “You have been chosen to serve Yahweh” or “You have become Yahweh’s servants.” | ||
| 1713 | EXO | 32 | 29 | c6fg | figs-explicit | 1 | for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother | The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1714 | EXO | 32 | 30 | r5fn | 1 | You have committed a very great sin | They worshiped an idol. | ||
| 1715 | EXO | 32 | 30 | yi3e | figs-metaphor | 1 | Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin | Moses spoke of persuading God to forgive the people as if he could make atonement for their sin. Alternate translation: “Perhaps I can persuade Yahweh to forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1716 | EXO | 32 | 32 | c72y | figs-metonymy | 1 | blot me out of the book | The word “me” here refers to the name of Moses. Alternate translation: “erase my name from the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1717 | EXO | 32 | 32 | ahb3 | figs-explicit | 1 | the book that you have written | What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the book in which you have written the names of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1718 | EXO | 32 | 33 | igb4 | figs-metonymy | 1 | that person I will blot out of my book | The phrase “that person” represents “that person’s name.” Alternate translation: “I will erase that person’s name from my book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1719 | EXO | 32 | 33 | qwk9 | 1 | my book | This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](../32/32.md). | ||
| 1720 | EXO | 32 | 34 | xn8p | 1 | But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them | On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them. | ||
| 1721 | EXO | 32 | 35 | ddg6 | 1 | Yahweh sent a plague on the people | This plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the people very sick” | ||
| 1722 | EXO | 32 | 35 | wv1v | 1 | they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made | Even though Aaron made the calf, the people were also guilty because they told Aaron to do it. Alternate translation: “they told Aaron to make the calf” | ||
| 1723 | EXO | 33 | intro | g5k3 | 0 | # Exodus 33 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant<br>While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) | |||
| 1724 | EXO | 33 | 1 | p8xp | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses of his anger. | ||
| 1725 | EXO | 33 | 3 | yyt4 | figs-metonymy | 1 | that land, which is flowing with milk and honey | The land was good for raising livestock and growing crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1726 | EXO | 33 | 3 | y347 | 1 | flowing with | “full of” or “with an abundance of” | ||
| 1727 | EXO | 33 | 3 | ck4m | figs-metonymy | 1 | milk | Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1728 | EXO | 33 | 3 | a4ct | figs-metonymy | 1 | honey | Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1729 | EXO | 33 | 3 | ah5t | 1 | a stubborn people | “people who refuse to change” | ||
| 1730 | EXO | 33 | 4 | cf7g | 1 | jewelry | beautiful clothing as well as chains and rings with jewels in them | ||
| 1731 | EXO | 33 | 5 | rzr5 | 1 | a stubborn people | “people who refuse to change.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:3](../33/03.md). | ||
| 1732 | EXO | 33 | 9 | yt4f | figs-metaphor | 1 | the pillar of cloud | The cloud had the shape of a pillar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:22](../13/22.md). Alternate translation: “the cloud shaped like a pillar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1733 | EXO | 33 | 9 | vam7 | figs-explicit | 1 | would come down | Where it came down from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “would come down from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1734 | EXO | 33 | 11 | zrb8 | figs-metaphor | 1 | Yahweh would speak to Moses face to face | Speaking directly rather than through dreams and visions, is spoken of as if Moses and God saw each other’s faces while they spoke. Alternate translation: “Yahweh would speak directly to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1735 | EXO | 33 | 11 | ika8 | 1 | young man | Joshua was old enough to be a soldier, but he was much younger than Moses | ||
| 1736 | EXO | 33 | 12 | unz8 | 1 | See | “Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” | ||
| 1737 | EXO | 33 | 12 | w7fs | figs-idiom | 1 | I know you by name | To know someone by name is to know them well. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1738 | EXO | 33 | 12 | a7jr | figs-idiom | 1 | you have also found favor in my eyes | Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “I have evaluated you and approve” or “I am pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1739 | EXO | 33 | 13 | e6vv | figs-idiom | 1 | Now if I have found favor in your eyes | Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1740 | EXO | 33 | 13 | zi7j | 1 | show me your ways | Possible meanings: (1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or (2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.” | ||
| 1741 | EXO | 33 | 14 | gh8q | figs-metonymy | 1 | My own presence will go | God’s presence represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1742 | EXO | 33 | 14 | hl15 | figs-you | 1 | go with you…give you | The word “you” here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1743 | EXO | 33 | 14 | hc5n | 1 | I will give you rest | “I will let you rest” | ||
| 1744 | EXO | 33 | 16 | d36k | 1 | For otherwise | “For if your presence does not go with us” | ||
| 1745 | EXO | 33 | 16 | tu8e | figs-activepassive | 1 | how will it be known | This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: how will people know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1746 | EXO | 33 | 16 | cgl8 | figs-rquestion | 1 | how will it be known…people? | Moses used this question in order to emphasize that if God does not go with them, no one will know that Moses had found favor in God’s sight. Alternate translation: “no one will know…people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |
| 1747 | EXO | 33 | 16 | u82a | 1 | Will it not only be if | “Will it not only be known if” | ||
| 1748 | EXO | 33 | 17 | aln2 | figs-you | 1 | General Information: | When Yahweh uses the word “you” in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1749 | EXO | 33 | 17 | ln7y | figs-idiom | 1 | you have found favor in my eyes | Here “found favor” is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I am pleased with you” or “I approve of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1750 | EXO | 33 | 17 | u2nv | figs-idiom | 1 | I know you by name | To know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1751 | EXO | 33 | 19 | sx1a | figs-metonymy | 1 | I will make all my goodness pass before you | God speaks of walking past Moses so that Moses can see his goodness as if only his goodness would go past Moses. Alternate translation: “I will move past you so that you may see my goodness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1752 | EXO | 33 | 21 | s4iy | 1 | See | “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” | ||
| 1753 | EXO | 33 | 23 | fmu8 | 1 | you will see my back | This is because Yahweh will be walking away from Moses. | ||
| 1754 | EXO | 33 | 23 | gw1n | figs-activepassive | 1 | but my face will not be seen | This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “but you will not see my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1755 | EXO | 34 | intro | smp6 | 0 | # Exodus 34 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children”<br>This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent’s sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) | |||
| 1756 | EXO | 34 | 1 | s1kv | 1 | tablets of stone | “flat slabs of stone.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:18](../31/18.md) | ||
| 1757 | EXO | 34 | 3 | fk8z | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 1758 | EXO | 34 | 3 | ck6d | figs-metonymy | 1 | Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountain | Being seen doing something represents doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1759 | EXO | 34 | 3 | x3rx | 1 | No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain | “Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat.” | ||
| 1760 | EXO | 34 | 5 | sp7f | 1 | stood with Moses there | “stood with Moses on the mountain” | ||
| 1761 | EXO | 34 | 5 | r9ey | figs-metonymy | 1 | he pronounced the name “Yahweh.” | Possible meanings are (1) “he spoke the name ‘Yahweh.’” or (2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1762 | EXO | 34 | 6 | fz1q | figs-123person | 1 | Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious | God is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 1763 | EXO | 34 | 6 | e1k3 | 1 | abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness | “always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness” | ||
| 1764 | EXO | 34 | 6 | j7we | figs-abstractnouns | 1 | abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1765 | EXO | 34 | 7 | lt2j | figs-abstractnouns | 1 | keeping covenant faithfulness for thousands of generations | The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands of generations” or “faithful to his covenant with thousands of generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
| 1766 | EXO | 34 | 7 | q7z8 | figs-123person | 1 | But he will | Yahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “But I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 1767 | EXO | 34 | 7 | x397 | figs-123person | 1 | he will by no means clear the guilty | Yahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I will by no means clear the guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) | |
| 1768 | EXO | 34 | 7 | ts1b | 1 | will by no means clear the guilty | “will certainly not clear the guilty” or “will certainly not say that the guilty are innocent” or “will certainly not free guilty people” | ||
| 1769 | EXO | 34 | 7 | px85 | figs-metaphor | 1 | He will bring the punishment for the fathers’ sin on their children | Punishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that someone could bring on people. Alternate translation: “He will punish the children for their fathers’ sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1770 | EXO | 34 | 7 | c3tb | figs-metonymy | 1 | their children | The word “children” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1771 | EXO | 34 | 9 | mh3a | figs-idiom | 1 | If now I have found favor in your eyes | Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1772 | EXO | 34 | 9 | hw66 | figs-doublet | 1 | our iniquity and our sin | The words “iniquity” and “sin” mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “all our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
| 1773 | EXO | 34 | 9 | n6e5 | figs-metaphor | 1 | take us as your inheritance | Something that someone possesses forever is spoken of as if it were something that they had inherited. Alternate translation: “take us as the people that you possess forever” or “accept us as the people who belong to you forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1774 | EXO | 34 | 10 | zdq6 | figs-you | 1 | your people | Here “your” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1775 | EXO | 34 | 10 | bj1a | figs-idiom | 1 | it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you | A fearful thing is a thing that causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear God when they see what he does. Alternate translation: “what I do for you will cause people to fear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
| 1776 | EXO | 34 | 10 | s7uz | figs-you | 1 | I am doing with you | Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) | |
| 1777 | EXO | 34 | 12 | b459 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. Here he tells him what Moses and the people must do. | ||
| 1778 | EXO | 34 | 12 | lxz8 | figs-metaphor | 1 | they will become a trap among you | People who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a trap. Alternate translation: “they will tempt you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1779 | EXO | 34 | 14 | vmx2 | figs-metonymy | 1 | Yahweh, whose name is Jealous | The word “Jealous” here means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, always guard my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1780 | EXO | 34 | 14 | s5sd | figs-metonymy | 1 | whose name is Jealous, | The word “name” here represents God’s character. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, who am always jealous” or “I, Yahweh, am always jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1781 | EXO | 34 | 15 | f1e3 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses how his people are to behave towards outsiders. | ||
| 1782 | EXO | 34 | 15 | gtd8 | figs-metaphor | 1 | for they prostitute themselves to their gods | God speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. Alternate translation: “for they worship other gods” or “because they worship other gods like prostitutes who go to other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1783 | EXO | 34 | 15 | bj2i | figs-explicit | 1 | you will eat some of his sacrifice | The consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods” or “and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1784 | EXO | 34 | 18 | s1rr | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1785 | EXO | 34 | 18 | u5be | translate-numbers | 1 | seven days | “7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1786 | EXO | 34 | 18 | i5ck | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | in the month of Aviv | This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated “Aviv” in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1787 | EXO | 34 | 19 | ly7d | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1788 | EXO | 34 | 20 | yz8x | 1 | buy back | Firstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to buy the donkeys and sons back from Yahweh. | ||
| 1789 | EXO | 34 | 20 | u2p5 | figs-metonymy | 1 | No one may appear before me empty-handed | God speaks of the offering as if the person was to carry it in his hands. Alternate translation: “No one may come to me without an offering” or “Everyone who comes to me must bring me an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1790 | EXO | 34 | 21 | w9ed | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1791 | EXO | 34 | 21 | swm8 | 1 | Even at plowing time and in harvest | “Even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops” | ||
| 1792 | EXO | 34 | 22 | d13l | 1 | Festival of Ingathering | This festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. The word “Ingathering” means when they harvest their crop. | ||
| 1793 | EXO | 34 | 23 | zh58 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1794 | EXO | 34 | 25 | zx2v | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 1795 | EXO | 34 | 25 | e8v2 | figs-explicit | 1 | the blood of my sacrifice | The fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1796 | EXO | 34 | 25 | k2f7 | figs-explicit | 1 | with any yeast | The fact that any yeast would be in bread can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with bread that has yeast in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1797 | EXO | 34 | 28 | mm6l | 1 | Moses was there | “Moses was on the mountain” | ||
| 1798 | EXO | 34 | 28 | j9t4 | translate-numbers | 1 | forty days | “40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1799 | EXO | 34 | 28 | wt1c | 1 | for forty days and nights | “for forty days, both day and night” | ||
| 1800 | EXO | 34 | 28 | yun2 | 1 | He wrote | “Moses wrote” | ||
| 1801 | EXO | 34 | 29 | d9zk | 1 | had become radiant | “had started to shine” | ||
| 1802 | EXO | 34 | 31 | jfb4 | 1 | came up to him | “approached him” or “went to him.” They did not go up the mountain. | ||
| 1803 | EXO | 34 | 32 | kt23 | figs-metaphor | 1 | all the commands that Yahweh had given him | Telling commands is spoken of as if the commands were objects that could be given. Alternate translation: “all the commands that Yahweh had told him” or “everything that Yahweh had commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1804 | EXO | 34 | 34 | fzm1 | 1 | he would remove | “Moses would remove” | ||
| 1805 | EXO | 34 | 34 | m1sv | figs-activepassive | 1 | what he was commanded | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh had commanded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1806 | EXO | 35 | intro | lew9 | 0 | # Exodus 35 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sacrifice<br>All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) | |||
| 1807 | EXO | 35 | 2 | c559 | translate-ordinal | 1 | the seventh day | “day number seven” or “Saturday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 1808 | EXO | 35 | 2 | zij9 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Whoever does any work on that day must be put to death | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone who does work on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1809 | EXO | 35 | 4 | jdb8 | 1 | General Information: | In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). | ||
| 1810 | EXO | 35 | 5 | h5c8 | 1 | General Information: | In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). | ||
| 1811 | EXO | 35 | 5 | n2c8 | 1 | Take an offering for Yahweh | “Take up a collection for Yahweh” | ||
| 1812 | EXO | 35 | 5 | y2x6 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | all of you who have a willing heart | Here “heart” refers to the person bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “everyone who is willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1813 | EXO | 35 | 6 | r12v | 1 | General Information: | In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). | ||
| 1814 | EXO | 35 | 7 | nmv4 | 1 | General Information: | In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). | ||
| 1815 | EXO | 35 | 7 | l5bq | 1 | ram skins dyed red and fine leather hides | See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md). | ||
| 1816 | EXO | 35 | 8 | ikm4 | 1 | General Information: | In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). | ||
| 1817 | EXO | 35 | 9 | f1dd | 1 | General Information: | In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md). | ||
| 1818 | EXO | 35 | 10 | c31r | 1 | General Information: | Moses continues telling the people what God commanded them to do. | ||
| 1819 | EXO | 35 | 10 | dc4b | 1 | Every skilled man | “Every man with a skill” | ||
| 1820 | EXO | 35 | 11 | j5t7 | 1 | clasps | The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md). | ||
| 1821 | EXO | 35 | 11 | syn4 | 1 | bases | These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md). | ||
| 1822 | EXO | 35 | 12 | rj7s | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 1823 | EXO | 35 | 13 | x3tl | 1 | They brought | “The people of Israel brought” | ||
| 1824 | EXO | 35 | 13 | l641 | 1 | bread of the presence | This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/30.md). | ||
| 1825 | EXO | 35 | 16 | h116 | 1 | bronze grate | This is a frame of crossed bronze bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated “grate” in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md). | ||
| 1826 | EXO | 35 | 17 | h8zl | 1 | hangings | These were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). | ||
| 1827 | EXO | 35 | 17 | x54f | 1 | posts | These were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md). | ||
| 1828 | EXO | 35 | 17 | xtm8 | 1 | bases | These were blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). | ||
| 1829 | EXO | 35 | 18 | n44r | 1 | tent pegs | sharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md). | ||
| 1830 | EXO | 35 | 19 | x1pc | 1 | finely-woven garments | This was clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md). | ||
| 1831 | EXO | 35 | 20 | w6rg | figs-metonymy | 1 | all the tribes of Israel | This refers to the people in the tribes. Alternate translation: “the people from all the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
| 1832 | EXO | 35 | 21 | b9wk | figs-synecdoche | 1 | whose heart stirred him up | Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1833 | EXO | 35 | 21 | be9z | figs-synecdoche | 1 | whom his spirit made willing | Here “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “who was willing” or “who wanted to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1834 | EXO | 35 | 22 | mwx8 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | all who had a willing heart | Here “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1835 | EXO | 35 | 22 | wwp2 | 1 | brooches, earrings, rings, and ornaments | These are different kinds of jewelry. | ||
| 1836 | EXO | 35 | 23 | s3ky | 1 | Everyone who had…brought them | For 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:4-5](../25/04.md). | ||
| 1837 | EXO | 35 | 25 | ebm5 | 1 | blue, purple, or scarlet wool | Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md). | ||
| 1838 | EXO | 35 | 26 | k1gy | figs-synecdoche | 1 | whose hearts stirred them up | Here “hearts” refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1839 | EXO | 35 | 27 | f13n | 1 | The leaders brought…breastpiece | For 35:27 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). | ||
| 1840 | EXO | 35 | 28 | h3a1 | 1 | they brought spices…fragrant incense | For 35:28 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md) | ||
| 1841 | EXO | 35 | 29 | li5z | figs-synecdoche | 1 | whose heart was willing | Here “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1842 | EXO | 35 | 30 | z1e2 | 1 | Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur, from the tribe of Judah | See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md) | ||
| 1843 | EXO | 35 | 31 | gse9 | figs-metaphor | 1 | He has filled Bezalel with his Spirit | God’s Spirit who gave Bezalel the ability to work is spoken of here as if he was something that filled up Bezalel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1844 | EXO | 35 | 31 | zd74 | 1 | filled Bezalel…craftsmanship | See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:3](../31/03.md) | ||
| 1845 | EXO | 35 | 32 | r7e3 | 1 | to make artistic designs…bronze | See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:4](../31/04.md) | ||
| 1846 | EXO | 35 | 33 | fj6f | 1 | also to cut and set stones…craftsmanship | See how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:5](../31/05.md) | ||
| 1847 | EXO | 35 | 34 | a1r8 | 1 | General Information: | Moses continues speaking to the people. | ||
| 1848 | EXO | 35 | 34 | xd67 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | He has put it in his heart to teach | Here “heart” refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. Alternate translation: “He gave Bezalel the ability to teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1849 | EXO | 35 | 34 | ab2z | translate-names | 1 | Oholiab son of Ahisamak, from the tribe of Dan | “Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1850 | EXO | 35 | 35 | rcv9 | figs-metaphor | 1 | filled them with skill | Skill to create beautiful objects is spoken of as if it was something that could fill up a person. Alternate translation: “made them very skillful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1851 | EXO | 35 | 35 | me14 | 1 | engravers | a person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal | ||
| 1852 | EXO | 35 | 35 | u7tf | 1 | embroiderers | people who sew designs into cloth | ||
| 1853 | EXO | 35 | 35 | r8zk | 1 | craftsmen | people who are skilled in making beautiful objects by hand | ||
| 1854 | EXO | 35 | 35 | cw3x | 1 | weavers | a person who creates cloth using thread | ||
| 1855 | EXO | 35 | 35 | a6c3 | 1 | artistic designers | a person who creates beauty with materials | ||
| 1856 | EXO | 36 | intro | nz4n | 0 | # Exodus 36 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tent of meeting<br>The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) | |||
| 1857 | EXO | 36 | 1 | ubk2 | 1 | General Information: | Moses continues speaking to the people. | ||
| 1858 | EXO | 36 | 1 | ds99 | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1859 | EXO | 36 | 1 | tl5b | translate-names | 1 | Oholiab | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1860 | EXO | 36 | 1 | tr3p | figs-metaphor | 1 | to whom Yahweh has given skill and ability | Here skill and ability are spoken of as if they are something that Yahweh can place inside a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1861 | EXO | 36 | 1 | mdi4 | 1 | according to all that Yahweh has commanded | “just as Yahweh has commanded” | ||
| 1862 | EXO | 36 | 2 | tgn2 | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1863 | EXO | 36 | 2 | wq6q | translate-names | 1 | Oholiab | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1864 | EXO | 36 | 2 | tda7 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | in whose mind Yahweh had given skill | Here “mind” refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to whom Yahweh had given skill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
| 1865 | EXO | 36 | 2 | yuq8 | figs-synecdoche | 1 | whose heart stirred within him | Here “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1866 | EXO | 36 | 5 | tni7 | figs-quotations | 1 | The craftsmen told Moses…commanded us to do.” | The can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “The craftsmen told Moses that the people were bringing much more than enough for doing the work that Yahweh has commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) | |
| 1867 | EXO | 36 | 5 | pd95 | 1 | The craftsmen told Moses | “The men working on the sanctuary told Moses” | ||
| 1868 | EXO | 36 | 8 | kw33 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). | ||
| 1869 | EXO | 36 | 8 | l7ub | 1 | ten curtains made from fine linen | These curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent. | ||
| 1870 | EXO | 36 | 8 | s2hu | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1871 | EXO | 36 | 9 | p2mr | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:2](../26/02.md). | ||
| 1872 | EXO | 36 | 10 | z6sq | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:3](../26/03.md). | ||
| 1873 | EXO | 36 | 11 | yw91 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:4](../26/04.md). | ||
| 1874 | EXO | 36 | 11 | qh6e | 1 | He made | Here “he” refers to Bezalel, but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary. | ||
| 1875 | EXO | 36 | 11 | y7vq | 1 | loops of blue | loops of blue cloth | ||
| 1876 | EXO | 36 | 11 | i4ba | 1 | curtain | These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). | ||
| 1877 | EXO | 36 | 12 | k1qq | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:5](../26/05.md). | ||
| 1878 | EXO | 36 | 13 | z2zi | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md). | ||
| 1879 | EXO | 36 | 13 | j75x | translate-numbers | 1 | fifty gold clasps | “50 gold clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1880 | EXO | 36 | 14 | m2ac | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:7](../26/07.md). | ||
| 1881 | EXO | 36 | 14 | us17 | translate-numbers | 1 | made eleven | “made 11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1882 | EXO | 36 | 15 | fa6i | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:8](../26/08.md). | ||
| 1883 | EXO | 36 | 15 | ret8 | translate-numbers | 1 | thirty cubits | “30 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1884 | EXO | 36 | 16 | wwj6 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:9](../26/09.md). | ||
| 1885 | EXO | 36 | 17 | qt9b | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:10](../26/10.md). | ||
| 1886 | EXO | 36 | 17 | jm1l | translate-numbers | 1 | fifty loops | “50 loops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1887 | EXO | 36 | 18 | mq1j | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:11](../26/11.md). | ||
| 1888 | EXO | 36 | 18 | a7mn | translate-numbers | 1 | fifty bronze clasps | “50 bronze clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1889 | EXO | 36 | 19 | p3ke | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:14](../26/14.md). | ||
| 1890 | EXO | 36 | 20 | t739 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:15](../26/15.md). | ||
| 1891 | EXO | 36 | 21 | prx5 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:16](../26/16.md). | ||
| 1892 | EXO | 36 | 21 | gci3 | translate-bdistance | 1 | ten cubits…one and a half cubits | “10 cubits…1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1893 | EXO | 36 | 22 | l8yx | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:17](../26/17.md). | ||
| 1894 | EXO | 36 | 22 | vq4m | 1 | two wooden pegs for joining | A wooden peg is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured. | ||
| 1895 | EXO | 36 | 23 | ev65 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:18](../26/18.md). | ||
| 1896 | EXO | 36 | 24 | ln2x | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md). | ||
| 1897 | EXO | 36 | 24 | u5ue | translate-numbers | 1 | forty silver bases | “40 silver bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1898 | EXO | 36 | 24 | yx4b | translate-numbers | 1 | twenty frames | “20 frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1899 | EXO | 36 | 25 | w2wz | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:20](../26/20.md). | ||
| 1900 | EXO | 36 | 26 | gbm9 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:21](../26/21.md). | ||
| 1901 | EXO | 36 | 26 | b9dy | 1 | and so on | There will be two bases under each and every frame. | ||
| 1902 | EXO | 36 | 27 | a7js | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:22](../26/22.md). | ||
| 1903 | EXO | 36 | 27 | m6ue | 1 | on the west | on the side that is on the west | ||
| 1904 | EXO | 36 | 28 | hw9c | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:23](../26/23.md). | ||
| 1905 | EXO | 36 | 28 | ma1f | 1 | for the back corners | for the corners at the rear of the tabernacle | ||
| 1906 | EXO | 36 | 29 | u396 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:24](../26/24.md). | ||
| 1907 | EXO | 36 | 30 | mu5n | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:25](../26/25.md). | ||
| 1908 | EXO | 36 | 30 | zls4 | translate-numbers | 1 | sixteen bases in all | “16 bases in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 1909 | EXO | 36 | 30 | r252 | 1 | and so on | There will be two bases under each and every frame. | ||
| 1910 | EXO | 36 | 31 | cf2p | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md). | ||
| 1911 | EXO | 36 | 32 | p4wd | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:27](../26/27.md). | ||
| 1912 | EXO | 36 | 32 | tc6s | 1 | to the west | on the west side | ||
| 1913 | EXO | 36 | 33 | h94y | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:28](../26/28.md). | ||
| 1914 | EXO | 36 | 33 | lk9f | 1 | from end to end | from one side of the tabernacle to the other side | ||
| 1915 | EXO | 36 | 34 | i17v | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:29](../26/29.md). | ||
| 1916 | EXO | 36 | 35 | pfc5 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:31](../26/31.md). | ||
| 1917 | EXO | 36 | 36 | hg2q | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:32](../26/32.md). | ||
| 1918 | EXO | 36 | 37 | r5ya | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md). | ||
| 1919 | EXO | 36 | 37 | vv61 | 1 | He made | Here “he” refers to Bezalel and those working for him. “Bezalel and his men made” | ||
| 1920 | EXO | 36 | 37 | neu2 | 1 | a hanging | a curtain | ||
| 1921 | EXO | 36 | 38 | pr67 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:37](../26/37.md). | ||
| 1922 | EXO | 37 | intro | mt99 | 0 | # Exodus 37 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The ark of the covenant<br>The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) | |||
| 1923 | EXO | 37 | 1 | byr3 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:10](../25/10.md). | ||
| 1924 | EXO | 37 | 1 | xz1t | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 1925 | EXO | 37 | 1 | ps6e | translate-bdistance | 1 | two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half | A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1926 | EXO | 37 | 2 | kb3s | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:11](../25/11.md). | ||
| 1927 | EXO | 37 | 3 | pb6v | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:12](../25/12.md). | ||
| 1928 | EXO | 37 | 3 | ut8d | figs-metaphor | 1 | its four feet | These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1929 | EXO | 37 | 4 | nr8y | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:13](../25/13.md). | ||
| 1930 | EXO | 37 | 4 | n9kr | 1 | He made | Though “he” refers to Bezalel, “he” may include all of the workers who assisted him. | ||
| 1931 | EXO | 37 | 5 | v9j7 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:14](../25/14.md). | ||
| 1932 | EXO | 37 | 6 | liw8 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 1933 | EXO | 37 | 6 | ba8a | translate-bdistance | 1 | two and a half cubits…one and a half cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1934 | EXO | 37 | 7 | nhi3 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md). | ||
| 1935 | EXO | 37 | 8 | g96y | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:19](../25/19.md). | ||
| 1936 | EXO | 37 | 8 | y13s | figs-activepassive | 1 | They were made as one piece | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made them as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1937 | EXO | 37 | 9 | e6na | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:20](../25/20.md). | ||
| 1938 | EXO | 37 | 9 | r7nm | figs-personification | 1 | The cherubim spread out their wings upward and overshadowed | Bezalel placed the statues of the cherubim as if they were real cherubim which were spreading their wings and overshadowing the atonement lid. Alternate translation: “They placed the winged creatures so that their wings touched each other and spread out over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
| 1939 | EXO | 37 | 9 | zsq1 | 1 | The cherubim faced one another and looked toward | “The faces of the cherubim were towards each other, and they looked toward” | ||
| 1940 | EXO | 37 | 10 | ktf8 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:23](../25/23.md). | ||
| 1941 | EXO | 37 | 10 | fnt3 | translate-bdistance | 1 | two cubits…one cubit…one and a half cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 1942 | EXO | 37 | 11 | l2kv | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:24](../25/24.md). | ||
| 1943 | EXO | 37 | 12 | i1ba | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:25](../25/25.md). | ||
| 1944 | EXO | 37 | 12 | j4iq | translate-bdistance | 1 | handbreadth | This was the width of a man’s hand with fingers spread out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1945 | EXO | 37 | 13 | b56c | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:26](../25/26.md). | ||
| 1946 | EXO | 37 | 13 | k69z | figs-metaphor | 1 | the four feet | These four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 1947 | EXO | 37 | 14 | tc3u | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:27](../25/27.md). | ||
| 1948 | EXO | 37 | 14 | b3ma | figs-activepassive | 1 | The rings were attached | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel attached the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1949 | EXO | 37 | 15 | zkr8 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:28](../25/28.md). | ||
| 1950 | EXO | 37 | 16 | h598 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:29](../25/29.md). | ||
| 1951 | EXO | 37 | 16 | ui2r | figs-explicit | 1 | dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings | It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. Alternate translation: “plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1952 | EXO | 37 | 17 | edx6 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md). | ||
| 1953 | EXO | 37 | 17 | wp6l | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1954 | EXO | 37 | 17 | s977 | figs-activepassive | 1 | Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1955 | EXO | 37 | 18 | kuh2 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:32](../25/32.md). | ||
| 1956 | EXO | 37 | 19 | g1y9 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:33](../25/33.md). | ||
| 1957 | EXO | 37 | 19 | j6vz | figs-activepassive | 1 | three cups made like almond blossoms | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1958 | EXO | 37 | 19 | cbe6 | 1 | almond blossoms | An almond blossom is a white or pink flower with five petals that grows on an almond tree. | ||
| 1959 | EXO | 37 | 20 | nl54 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:34](../25/34.md). | ||
| 1960 | EXO | 37 | 20 | bx63 | figs-activepassive | 1 | there were four cups made like almond blossoms | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1961 | EXO | 37 | 21 | x1u5 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:35](../25/35.md). | ||
| 1962 | EXO | 37 | 21 | v3c2 | figs-activepassive | 1 | made as one piece with it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which he made as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1963 | EXO | 37 | 22 | ks9z | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:36](../25/36.md). | ||
| 1964 | EXO | 37 | 23 | b2jq | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:37-38](../25/37.md). | ||
| 1965 | EXO | 37 | 23 | r4y1 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1966 | EXO | 37 | 23 | njx7 | 1 | tongs | This is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects. | ||
| 1967 | EXO | 37 | 24 | uz5h | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:39](../25/39.md). | ||
| 1968 | EXO | 37 | 24 | arz1 | translate-bweight | 1 | one talent | “33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 1969 | EXO | 37 | 25 | el8w | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:1-2](../30/01.md). | ||
| 1970 | EXO | 37 | 25 | li9d | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1971 | EXO | 37 | 25 | c8mg | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubit | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1972 | EXO | 37 | 25 | xq8k | figs-activepassive | 1 | Its horns were made as one piece with it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece with the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1973 | EXO | 37 | 26 | ep66 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md). | ||
| 1974 | EXO | 37 | 27 | zez2 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:4](../30/04.md). | ||
| 1975 | EXO | 37 | 27 | d2v9 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1976 | EXO | 37 | 27 | p89d | figs-activepassive | 1 | to be attached to it | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they attached to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1977 | EXO | 37 | 28 | hw37 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:5](../30/05.md). | ||
| 1978 | EXO | 37 | 29 | c992 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md). | ||
| 1979 | EXO | 37 | 29 | z685 | 1 | fragrant incense | See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md). | ||
| 1980 | EXO | 37 | 29 | akg9 | 1 | the work of a perfumer | A perfumer is skilled in mixing spices and oils. | ||
| 1981 | EXO | 38 | intro | hp86 | 0 | # Exodus 38 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The altar<br>The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br><br>### Materials<br>The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 1982 | EXO | 38 | 1 | r81c | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:1](../27/01.md). | ||
| 1983 | EXO | 38 | 1 | gk19 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1984 | EXO | 38 | 1 | g5ex | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubits | One cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 1985 | EXO | 38 | 2 | g71x | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). | ||
| 1986 | EXO | 38 | 2 | se9l | figs-activepassive | 1 | The horns were made of one piece | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1987 | EXO | 38 | 3 | v73t | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md). | ||
| 1988 | EXO | 38 | 4 | rx7v | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md) and [Exodus 27:5](../27/05.md). | ||
| 1989 | EXO | 38 | 4 | nb1q | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1990 | EXO | 38 | 4 | g5rb | figs-activepassive | 1 | to be placed under the ledge | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they placed under the ledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 1991 | EXO | 38 | 5 | kp6w | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md). | ||
| 1992 | EXO | 38 | 6 | l258 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:6](../27/06.md). | ||
| 1993 | EXO | 38 | 6 | ihi9 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1994 | EXO | 38 | 7 | ys63 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:7-8](../27/07.md). | ||
| 1995 | EXO | 38 | 7 | wa8g | 1 | planks | a long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board | ||
| 1996 | EXO | 38 | 8 | tqi9 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 1997 | EXO | 38 | 8 | e6gd | 1 | large bronze basin with a bronze stand | The stand supported the bronze basin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:18](../30/18.md). | ||
| 1998 | EXO | 38 | 8 | mdx9 | figs-explicit | 1 | He made the basin out of mirrors | The bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 1999 | EXO | 38 | 8 | e1wq | 1 | mirrors | A mirror is a piece of polished metal or glass that reflects an image. | ||
| 2000 | EXO | 38 | 9 | clk6 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:9](../27/09.md). | ||
| 2001 | EXO | 38 | 9 | j2nq | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 2002 | EXO | 38 | 9 | i24a | translate-numbers | 1 | one hundred | “100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2003 | EXO | 38 | 9 | su7e | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 2004 | EXO | 38 | 10 | nz6q | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md). | ||
| 2005 | EXO | 38 | 10 | x9jn | translate-numbers | 1 | twenty | “20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2006 | EXO | 38 | 11 | mp6n | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:11](../27/11.md). | ||
| 2007 | EXO | 38 | 11 | kl3h | translate-numbers | 1 | one hundred…twenty | “100…20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2008 | EXO | 38 | 11 | xl4c | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 2009 | EXO | 38 | 12 | g5iz | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:12](../27/12.md). | ||
| 2010 | EXO | 38 | 12 | vuw5 | translate-numbers | 1 | fifty…ten | “50…10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2011 | EXO | 38 | 13 | iju3 | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:13](../27/13.md). | ||
| 2012 | EXO | 38 | 13 | fw1k | translate-numbers | 1 | fifty | “50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2013 | EXO | 38 | 13 | jl57 | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 2014 | EXO | 38 | 14 | n1xj | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:14](../27/14.md). | ||
| 2015 | EXO | 38 | 14 | b85e | translate-numbers | 1 | fifteen…three | “15…3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2016 | EXO | 38 | 15 | dlq7 | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:15](../27/15.md). | ||
| 2017 | EXO | 38 | 16 | s5zf | figs-activepassive | 1 | All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linen | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2018 | EXO | 38 | 17 | s5g5 | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md). | ||
| 2019 | EXO | 38 | 17 | r7g6 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The bases for the posts were made of bronze | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2020 | EXO | 38 | 17 | va1m | figs-activepassive | 1 | The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silver | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2021 | EXO | 38 | 17 | i3bf | figs-activepassive | 1 | All the courtyard posts were covered with silver | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They covered the courtyard posts with silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2022 | EXO | 38 | 18 | hmi5 | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:16](../27/16.md). | ||
| 2023 | EXO | 38 | 18 | h4ki | translate-numbers | 1 | twenty…five | “20…5” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2024 | EXO | 38 | 18 | yf6z | translate-bdistance | 1 | cubits | A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 2025 | EXO | 38 | 18 | trz5 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The curtain was made of | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the curtain out of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2026 | EXO | 38 | 19 | fjw4 | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md). | ||
| 2027 | EXO | 38 | 19 | kqf3 | translate-numbers | 1 | four | “4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2028 | EXO | 38 | 19 | a2ix | figs-activepassive | 1 | The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silver | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2029 | EXO | 38 | 20 | ye5c | 1 | General Information | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md). | ||
| 2030 | EXO | 38 | 20 | p55d | figs-activepassive | 1 | All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronze | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2031 | EXO | 38 | 21 | wqi5 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 2032 | EXO | 38 | 21 | k2ex | figs-activepassive | 1 | as it was taken | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Moses instructed the Levites to write down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2033 | EXO | 38 | 21 | ex1t | translate-names | 1 | Ithamar | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 2034 | EXO | 38 | 22 | d86g | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur | “Bezalel” and “uri” are the name of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 2035 | EXO | 38 | 22 | i4ha | 1 | Yahweh had commanded Moses | “everything that Yahweh told Moses to do” | ||
| 2036 | EXO | 38 | 23 | f93b | translate-names | 1 | Oholiab son of Ahisamak | “Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 2037 | EXO | 38 | 23 | wvw4 | 1 | an engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer | “as a skilled engraver and embroiderer” | ||
| 2038 | EXO | 38 | 24 | tl4k | figs-activepassive | 1 | All the gold that was used for the project | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the gold that the people used for the project” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2039 | EXO | 38 | 24 | y7hy | translate-numbers | 1 | twenty-nine talents | A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “29 talents” or “about 960 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 2040 | EXO | 38 | 24 | tg3f | translate-numbers | 1 | 730 shekels | A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “seven hundred and thirty shekels” or “about 8 kilograms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 2041 | EXO | 38 | 24 | f6sq | translate-bweight | 1 | measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekel | There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 2042 | EXO | 38 | 25 | ni5b | translate-numbers | 1 | one hundred talents | A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “100 talents” or “about 330 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 2043 | EXO | 38 | 25 | gn9f | translate-numbers | 1 | 1,775 shekels | A shekel is 11 grams. “one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” or “about 20 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 2044 | EXO | 38 | 25 | egg4 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The silver given by the community | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The silver which the community gave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2045 | EXO | 38 | 26 | t2gi | translate-bweight | 1 | one beka | A beka is 1/2 a shekel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 2046 | EXO | 38 | 26 | fyy5 | translate-bweight | 1 | half a shekel | A shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “1/2 a shekel” or “five and a half grams” or “5 1/2 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) | |
| 2047 | EXO | 38 | 26 | ll8b | 1 | This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the census | Every man who was 20 years old or older was included in the census and was required to give half a shekel. | ||
| 2048 | EXO | 38 | 26 | c69c | translate-numbers | 1 | twenty years old | “20 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2049 | EXO | 38 | 27 | p7r5 | translate-bweight | 1 | One hundred talents of silver were cast | A talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “The workers cast 100 talents of silver” or “The workers cast 3,300 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2050 | EXO | 38 | 27 | n8z7 | translate-numbers | 1 | One hundred talents | “100 talents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2051 | EXO | 38 | 28 | k2fi | translate-numbers | 1 | 1,775 shekels | “one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2052 | EXO | 38 | 28 | ii3y | translate-bmoney | 1 | shekels | A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]]) | |
| 2053 | EXO | 38 | 28 | nxf5 | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 2054 | EXO | 38 | 29 | p3mr | translate-numbers | 1 | seventy talents and 2,400 shekels | “70 talents and two thousand four hundred shekels.” This would be about 2,300 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]]) | |
| 2055 | EXO | 38 | 30 | zfk8 | 1 | General Information: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture. | ||
| 2056 | EXO | 38 | 30 | rck7 | 1 | grate | This is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md). | ||
| 2057 | EXO | 38 | 31 | bvr9 | 1 | tent pegs | These are sharp bronze stakes that were used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md). | ||
| 2058 | EXO | 39 | intro | mll6 | 0 | # Exodus 39 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The holy clothing<br>The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) | |||
| 2059 | EXO | 39 | 1 | s66r | 1 | General Information: | Bezalel’s work crew shifts to making the priestly garments. | ||
| 2060 | EXO | 39 | 1 | ys6l | 1 | they made | The word “they” refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen. | ||
| 2061 | EXO | 39 | 1 | h8kg | 1 | as Yahweh had commanded Moses | “just as Yahweh told Moses to do” | ||
| 2062 | EXO | 39 | 2 | b9mg | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md). | ||
| 2063 | EXO | 39 | 2 | ain4 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2064 | EXO | 39 | 2 | p5xy | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 2065 | EXO | 39 | 4 | c7lu | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:7](../28/07.md). | ||
| 2066 | EXO | 39 | 4 | pq62 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2067 | EXO | 39 | 5 | g75w | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md). | ||
| 2068 | EXO | 39 | 5 | wf2i | figs-activepassive | 1 | it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linen | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2069 | EXO | 39 | 5 | cc56 | 1 | as Yahweh had commanded Moses | “just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:1](../39/01.md). | ||
| 2070 | EXO | 39 | 6 | k7vw | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:9](../28/09.md) and [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md). | ||
| 2071 | EXO | 39 | 6 | h1bz | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2072 | EXO | 39 | 6 | naa8 | 1 | signet | This was an engraved stone that was used to stamp a design in a wax seal. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md). | ||
| 2073 | EXO | 39 | 6 | ajh3 | translate-numbers | 1 | twelve sons | “12 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) | |
| 2074 | EXO | 39 | 7 | ize6 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:12](../28/12.md). | ||
| 2075 | EXO | 39 | 7 | d24m | 1 | as Yahweh had commanded Moses | “just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:1](../39/01.md). | ||
| 2076 | EXO | 39 | 8 | mlf6 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:15](../28/15.md). | ||
| 2077 | EXO | 39 | 8 | gj9p | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2078 | EXO | 39 | 8 | k7b6 | 1 | He made | “Bezalel made” or “Bezalel and the workers made” | ||
| 2079 | EXO | 39 | 9 | lkt1 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:16](../28/16.md). | ||
| 2080 | EXO | 39 | 9 | f4ms | translate-bdistance | 1 | span | A span is 23 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) | |
| 2081 | EXO | 39 | 10 | xzb8 | 1 | General Information: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2082 | EXO | 39 | 10 | m54c | 1 | They set in it | “The workers set in the breastpiece” | ||
| 2083 | EXO | 39 | 10 | cmv1 | translate-unknown | 1 | ruby, a topaz, and a garnet | Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17](../28/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 2084 | EXO | 39 | 11 | qx96 | translate-unknown | 1 | an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond | Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:18](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 2085 | EXO | 39 | 12 | kk8t | translate-unknown | 1 | a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst | Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 2086 | EXO | 39 | 13 | l9wa | translate-unknown | 1 | a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper | Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:20](../28/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) | |
| 2087 | EXO | 39 | 13 | h3bw | figs-activepassive | 1 | The stones were mounted in gold settings | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They mounted the stones in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2088 | EXO | 39 | 14 | z5va | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:21](../28/21.md). | ||
| 2089 | EXO | 39 | 14 | a9bw | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2090 | EXO | 39 | 14 | yby8 | figs-activepassive | 1 | The stones were arranged | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers arranged the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2091 | EXO | 39 | 15 | byz8 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:22](../28/22.md). | ||
| 2092 | EXO | 39 | 16 | b8m6 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:23-24](../28/23.md). | ||
| 2093 | EXO | 39 | 17 | w2s4 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:24](../28/24.md). | ||
| 2094 | EXO | 39 | 17 | v4i5 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2095 | EXO | 39 | 17 | lc2x | 1 | two braided chains | “chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md). | ||
| 2096 | EXO | 39 | 18 | bw76 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:25](../28/25.md). | ||
| 2097 | EXO | 39 | 19 | nd41 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:26](../28/26.md). | ||
| 2098 | EXO | 39 | 19 | del5 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2099 | EXO | 39 | 20 | w8wz | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md). | ||
| 2100 | EXO | 39 | 20 | l1dz | 1 | finely-woven waistband | This was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md). | ||
| 2101 | EXO | 39 | 21 | zu91 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:28](../28/28.md). | ||
| 2102 | EXO | 39 | 21 | uq61 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2103 | EXO | 39 | 21 | h1yb | figs-activepassive | 1 | so that it might be attached | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they could attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2104 | EXO | 39 | 21 | scn8 | figs-doublenegatives | 1 | the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephod | The double negative can be translated as a positive. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) | |
| 2105 | EXO | 39 | 22 | vdw1 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:31-32](../28/31.md). | ||
| 2106 | EXO | 39 | 22 | n25q | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2107 | EXO | 39 | 22 | p8nv | translate-names | 1 | Bezalel | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) | |
| 2108 | EXO | 39 | 23 | cyc1 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:32](../28/32.md). | ||
| 2109 | EXO | 39 | 24 | eak6 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md). | ||
| 2110 | EXO | 39 | 25 | sx9b | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md). | ||
| 2111 | EXO | 39 | 25 | f8t3 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md). | ||
| 2112 | EXO | 39 | 25 | x1ww | 1 | bells of pure gold | These were tiny bells. | ||
| 2113 | EXO | 39 | 26 | gtg5 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md). | ||
| 2114 | EXO | 39 | 27 | pz63 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:39](../28/39.md). | ||
| 2115 | EXO | 39 | 27 | rp6p | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments. | ||
| 2116 | EXO | 39 | 28 | um4e | 1 | turban | This is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md). | ||
| 2117 | EXO | 39 | 28 | jex8 | 1 | headbands | A headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md). | ||
| 2118 | EXO | 39 | 28 | c4pr | figs-explicit | 1 | undergarments | This is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). Alternate translation: “underwear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 2119 | EXO | 39 | 29 | hn5g | 1 | sash | This is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md) | ||
| 2120 | EXO | 39 | 30 | kq33 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:36](../28/36.md). | ||
| 2121 | EXO | 39 | 30 | m6jj | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to make the priestly garments.. | ||
| 2122 | EXO | 39 | 30 | d85k | 1 | holy crown | This was an engraved crown made of pure gold. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:6](../29/06.md). | ||
| 2123 | EXO | 39 | 31 | fml2 | 1 | General Information: | See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:37](../28/37.md). | ||
| 2124 | EXO | 39 | 32 | jh64 | 1 | General Information: | The Israelites finish making the things Yahweh commanded in [Exodus 35:4-9](../35/04.md) and [Exodus 35:10-12](../35/10.md). | ||
| 2125 | EXO | 39 | 32 | z1z7 | figs-doublet | 1 | So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everything | The “tabernacle” and “tent of meeting” are the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2126 | EXO | 39 | 33 | y9ym | 1 | clasps | The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md). | ||
| 2127 | EXO | 39 | 33 | b3q3 | 1 | bases | These are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md). | ||
| 2128 | EXO | 39 | 34 | z6r6 | 1 | the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of fine leather | See how you translated similar phrases in this in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md). | ||
| 2129 | EXO | 39 | 35 | i7d9 | 1 | atonement lid | This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md). | ||
| 2130 | EXO | 39 | 36 | lvq3 | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. | ||
| 2131 | EXO | 39 | 36 | knn8 | 1 | bread of the presence | This bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/30.md). | ||
| 2132 | EXO | 39 | 39 | e755 | 1 | grate | This is a frame of crossed bars that held wood while burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md). | ||
| 2133 | EXO | 39 | 40 | i8lm | 1 | Connecting Statement: | Bezalel’s work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses. | ||
| 2134 | EXO | 39 | 40 | m3x9 | 1 | They brought | “The people of Israel brought” | ||
| 2135 | EXO | 39 | 40 | ajt4 | 1 | the tabernacle, the tent of meeting | These refer to the same place. | ||
| 2136 | EXO | 39 | 42 | ct6k | 1 | Thus the people | “And so the people” | ||
| 2137 | EXO | 39 | 43 | t26m | 1 | behold | The word “behold” here draws attention to the information that follows. | ||
| 2138 | EXO | 39 | 43 | z79s | 1 | As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it | “They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them” | ||
| 2139 | EXO | 40 | intro | fa6e | 0 | # Exodus 40 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh’s command.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Yahweh’s glory filled the tabernacle”<br>This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]]) | |||
| 2140 | EXO | 40 | 2 | crr5 | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | the first day of the first month of the new year | The new year marks the time when God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 2141 | EXO | 40 | 3 | iv52 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 2142 | EXO | 40 | 3 | l7fp | 1 | place the ark of the testimony in it | “place the ark of the covenant decrees in the sacred chest” | ||
| 2143 | EXO | 40 | 3 | psu3 | 1 | shield the ark with the curtain | “put the ark behind the curtain” | ||
| 2144 | EXO | 40 | 5 | n4wx | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 2145 | EXO | 40 | 5 | a4xe | 1 | ark of the testimony | This refers to the “sacred chest.” | ||
| 2146 | EXO | 40 | 8 | zfl6 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do. | ||
| 2147 | EXO | 40 | 9 | ce7i | 1 | all its furnishings | “all the things that are a part of it” | ||
| 2148 | EXO | 40 | 12 | yiq8 | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 2149 | EXO | 40 | 12 | j7ea | 1 | You are to bring | Moses will do these things himself. | ||
| 2150 | EXO | 40 | 13 | bs4j | figs-activepassive | 1 | that are set apart to me | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2151 | EXO | 40 | 14 | w7yw | 1 | General Information: | Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. | ||
| 2152 | EXO | 40 | 15 | js17 | 1 | throughout their people’s generations | “through all the generations of their descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md). | ||
| 2153 | EXO | 40 | 17 | r6pc | figs-activepassive | 1 | So the tabernacle was set up | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people set up the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
| 2154 | EXO | 40 | 17 | gzu5 | translate-hebrewmonths | 1 | the first day of the first month | This refers to exactly one year after God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 40:2](../40/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 2155 | EXO | 40 | 17 | wnh8 | translate-ordinal | 1 | in the second year | This is the second year after Yahweh brought his people out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) | |
| 2156 | EXO | 40 | 18 | kk4n | figs-explicit | 1 | Moses set up | Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 2157 | EXO | 40 | 18 | c6rm | 1 | posts | a strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support | ||
| 2158 | EXO | 40 | 21 | l31p | 1 | He brought | Moses was the leader. He had workers helping him. | ||
| 2159 | EXO | 40 | 21 | n8r9 | 1 | for it to shield | “in front of” | ||
| 2160 | EXO | 40 | 24 | sw1w | figs-explicit | 1 | He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting | Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Moses’ workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 2161 | EXO | 40 | 26 | i5gg | figs-explicit | 1 | in front of the curtain | This curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 2162 | EXO | 40 | 31 | bf9c | figs-explicit | 1 | washed their hands and their feet from the basin | They washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
| 2163 | EXO | 40 | 33 | y62k | וַיְצַ֣ו | 1 | In this way | “And so” | |
| 2164 | EXO | 40 | 34 | ysd8 | כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֨רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ | 1 | Yahweh’s glory filled | “Yahweh’s awesome presence filled” | |
| 2165 | EXO | 40 | 36 | ak35 | figs-activepassive | לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֨רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן | 1 | was taken up from over | - **saying, “You shall throw every new-born son into the river, but every daughter you shall let live.”** - A single layer direct quote. While this particular instruction is very easy to rephrase as an indirect quote (in English), the use of **saying** in Hebrew suggests that this should be translated as a direct quotation if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 2166 | EXO | 40 | 37 | s8y2 | figs-activepassive | תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ תְּחַיּֽוּן | 1 | that it was lifted up | - **you shall** - These are plural referring to all Pharaoh’s people. |