unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_46-ROM.tsv

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1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2ROM11sg88κλητὸς1calledThis means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
3ROM12r5x7ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ ἐν Γραφαῖς ἁγίαις1which he promised beforehand by his prophets in the holy scripturesGod promised his people that he would set up his kingdom. He told the prophets to write these promises in the Scriptures.
4ROM13lk5qguidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτοῦ Υἱοῦ1SonThis is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
5ROM14z3yq0Connecting Statement:Paul talks here about his obligation to preach.
6ROM14m89wΠνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης1Spirit of holinessThis refers to the Holy Spirit.
7ROM18e6elὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ1the whole worldthe world Paul and his readers knew and could travel in, which was the Roman Empire
8ROM19dx6pἐν τῷ πνεύματί μου1in my spiritA person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him.
9ROM19rnp6τῷ ... εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ1the gospel of his SonThe good news (gospel) of the Bible is that the Son of God has given himself as the Savior of the world.
10ROM19r2l5guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesΥἱοῦ1SonThis is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
11ROM19f9p2μνείαν ὑμῶν ποιοῦμαι1I make mention of youI talk to God about you
12ROM110mdc80I always request in my prayers that ... I may at last be successful ... in coming to youEvery time I pray, I ask God that ... I may succeed ... in coming to visit you
13ROM110zfp4εἴ πως1by any meansin whatever way God allows
14ROM110b5wyἐν τῷ θελήματι τοῦ Θεοῦ1by the will of Godbecause God desires it
15ROM111n5ql0Connecting Statement:Paul continues his opening statements to the people in Rome by stating his desire to see them in person.
16ROM111ki6hἐπιποθῶ γὰρ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς1For I desire to see youBecause I really want to see you
17ROM113u1cqἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
18ROM113j96vτοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν1the rest of the Gentilesthe Gentiles in the other regions where he had gone
19ROM116f5x9Ἰουδαίῳ τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι1for the Jew first and for the Greekfor Jewish people and also for Greek people
20ROM118gqv30Connecting Statement:Paul reveals God's great anger against sinful man.
21ROM120uvc1κόσμου1worldThis refers to the heavens and the earth, as well as everything in them.
22ROM120dxr6τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους1they are without excusethese people can never say that they did not know
23ROM122ddr2φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ, ἐμωράνθησαν1They claimed to be wise, but they became foolishWhile they were claiming that they were wise, they became foolish
24ROM122ly680They ... theythe people in [Romans 1:18](../01/18.md)
25ROM123x2wlἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ1for the likenesses of an image ofand instead chose to worship idols that looked like
26ROM123r14eφθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου1perishable mansome human being that will die
27ROM123u971ἑρπετῶν1of birds, of four-footed beasts, and of creeping thingsor that looked like birds, four-footed beasts, or creeping things
28ROM124fvv6διὸ1ThereforeBecause what I have just said is true
29ROM124ec9qπαρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν1God gave them over toGod allowed them to indulge in
30ROM125v89uπαρὰ1instead ofrather than
31ROM126jb2gδιὰ τοῦτο1Because of thisBecause of idolatry and sexual sin
32ROM126pil3παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς1God gave them over toGod allowed them to indulge in
33ROM126hw81πάθη ἀτιμίας1dishonorable passionsshameful sexual desires
34ROM126j4niαἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν1for their womenbecause their women
35ROM127c7jaἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους1burned in their lust for one anotherexperienced strong sexual desire for other men
36ROM127gn3fτὴν ... ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι1committed shameless actscommitted acts for which they should have been ashamed, but they were not ashamed
37ROM127qvi3ἄρσεσιν ... καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες1men and received in themselves the penalty they deserved for their errormen, and God has punished them justly for the error they committed
38ROM127yvm1τῆς ... πλάνης1errormoral wrong, not a mistake about facts
39ROM128cx7yκαὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν, τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει1Because they did not approve of having God in their awarenessThey did not think it was necessary to know God
40ROM130f4ttκαταλάλους1slanderersA slanderer says false things about another person in order to damage that person's reputation.
41ROM130th8qἐφευρετὰς κακῶν1inventing ways of doing evilthinking of new ways to do evil things to others
42ROM132cxx8οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες1They understand the regulations of GodThey know how God wants them to live
43ROM132z12qἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν1are deserving of deathdeserve to die
44ROM132ama2αὐτὰ1these thingsthese kinds of evil things
45ROM21y6ts0Connecting Statement:Paul has affirmed all men are sinners and continues to remind them that all people are wicked.
46ROM21x3mifigs-apostropheεἶ1you arePaul is writing here as if he were addressing a Jewish person who is arguing with him. Paul is doing this to teach his audience that God will punish everyone who continually sins, whether Jew or Gentile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
47ROM21ybp2ἐν ᾧ γὰρ κρίνεις τὸν ἕτερον, σεαυτὸν κατακρίνεις1for what you judge in another you condemn in yourselfBut you are only judging yourself because you do the same wicked deeds as they do
48ROM22rgw4τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας1those who practice such thingsthe people who do those wicked deeds
49ROM23ijd6λογίζῃ ... τοῦτο1consider thisthink about what I am going to tell you
50ROM23rk75ὦ ἄνθρωπε, ὁ κρίνων τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντας, καὶ ποιῶν αὐτά1you who judge those who practice such things although you do the same thingsyou who say someone deserves God's punishment while you do the same wicked deeds
51ROM25t8pv0Connecting Statement:Paul continues to remind the people that all people are wicked.
52ROM26c4dnἀποδώσει1pay backgive a fair reward or punishment
53ROM26gj1qἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ1to every person according to his actionseach person according to what that person has done
54ROM27gec6ζητοῦσιν1have soughtThis means that they act in a way that will lead to a positive decision from God on judgment day.
55ROM27ub51δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν1praise, honor, and incorruptibilityThey want God to praise and honor them, and they want to never die.
56ROM27m341ἀφθαρσίαν1incorruptibilityThis refers to physical, not moral, decay.
57ROM28guq10Connecting Statement:Though this section is speaking to the non-religious wicked person, Paul sums it up by stating both non-Jews and Jews are wicked before God.
58ROM28fcb4figs-parallelismκαὶ ἀπειθοῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, πειθομένοις δὲ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ1disobey the truth but obey unrighteousnessThese two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second intensifies the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
59ROM29n7q4τοῦ κατεργαζομένου τὸ κακόν1has practiced evilhas continually done evil things
60ROM29a9s5Ἕλληνος1to the Jew first, and also to the GreekGod will judge the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people
61ROM210vt1fδόξα δὲ, καὶ τιμὴ, καὶ εἰρήνη, παντὶ1But praise, honor, and peace will comeBut God will give praise, honor, and peace
62ROM210i9tgτῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν1practices goodcontinually does what is good
63ROM210zg3sἝλληνι1to the Jew first, and also to the GreekGod will reward the Jewish people first, and then those who are not Jewish people
64ROM210ib56πρῶτον1firstYou should translate this the same way you did in [Romans 2:9](../02/09.md).
65ROM212wkx8ὅσοι γὰρ ... ἥμαρτον1For as many as have sinnedFor those who have sinned
66ROM212m6cyὅσοι ... ἥμαρτον1as many as have sinnedall those who have sinned
67ROM213sw8x0Connecting Statement:Paul continues to let the reader know that perfect obedience to God's law is required even for those who never had God's law.
68ROM213k32uγὰρ1ForVerses 14 and 15 interrupt Paul's main argument to give the reader extra information. If you have a way to mark an interruption like this in your language, you can use it here.
69ROM213eg4hδίκαιοι παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ1who are righteous before Godwhom God considers righteous
70ROM213s4naἀλλ’ οἱ ποιηταὶ νόμου1but it is the doers of the lawbut it is those who obey the law of Moses
71ROM215xl6vοἵτινες ἐνδείκνυνται1By this they showBy naturally obeying the law they show
72ROM217lc6m0Connecting Statement:Here begins Paul's discussion that the law the Jews possess actually condemns them because they do not obey it.
73ROM217cnq7εἰ ... σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ1if you call yourself a Jewsince you call yourself a Jew
74ROM218l3weγινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα1know his willand know God's will
75ROM220p7qqπαιδευτὴν ἀφρόνων1a corrector of the foolishyou correct those who do wrong
76ROM225i4970Connecting Statement:Paul continues to show that God, by his law, condemns even the Jews who have God's law.
77ROM225jg8qπεριτομὴ μὲν γὰρ ὠφελεῖ1For circumcision indeed benefits youI say all of this because being circumcised does benefit you
78ROM225sbm3ἐὰν ... παραβάτης νόμου ᾖς1if you break the lawif you do not obey the commandments found in the law
79ROM225xq62ἡ περιτομή σου, ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν1your circumcision becomes uncircumcisionit is as though you were no longer circumcised
80ROM226vt7fἡ ἀκροβυστία1the uncircumcised personthe person who is not circumcised
81ROM226nf3jτὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου φυλάσσῃ1keeps the requirements of the lawobeys what God commands in the law
82ROM228g2vhἐν τῷ φανερῷ1outwardlyThis refers to Jewish rituals, such as circumcision, which people can see.
83ROM228bl6hἐν τῷ φανερῷ ... ἐν ... σαρκὶ1merely outward in the fleshThis refers to the physical change to a man's body when someone circumcises him.
84ROM229v149ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ1inwardlyThis refers to the values and motivations of the person whom God has transformed.
85ROM31v7880Connecting Statement:Paul proclaims the advantage that Jews have because God gave them his law.
86ROM34kz4jγινέσθω δὲ1Instead, letWe should say this instead, let
87ROM36gd5fμὴ γένοιτο1May it never beWe must never say that God is unrighteous
88ROM37b9k1figs-rquestionεἰ δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ψεύσματι ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι1But if the truth of God through my lie provides abundant praise for him, why am I still being judged as a sinner?Here Paul imagines someone continuing to reject the Christian gospel. That adversary argues, because his sin shows the righteousness of God, then God should not declare that he is a sinner on judgment day if, for example, he tells lies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
89ROM38kb9dκαθὼς βλασφημούμεθα1as we are falsely reported to saysome lie to tell others that this is what we are saying
90ROM38cn1cὧν τὸ κρίμα ἔνδικόν ἐστιν1The judgment on them is justIt will be only fair when God condemns these enemies of Paul, for telling lies about what Paul has been teaching.
91ROM39z3wu0Connecting Statement:Paul sums up that all are guilty of sin, none are righteous, and no one seeks God.
92ROM317zk1iἔγνωσαν1These peopleThese words refer to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md).
93ROM318cpf2αὐτῶν1theirThis word refers to the Jews and Greeks in [Romans 3:9](../03/09.md).
94ROM319n399τοῖς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ1the ones who are under the lawthose who must obey the law
95ROM320wtp4διὰ ... νόμου ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας1through the law comes the knowledge of sinwhen someone knows God's law, he realizes that he has sinned
96ROM325ieq9τὴν πάρεσιν1disregardPossible meanings are 1) ignoring or 2) forgiving.
97ROM326lm1rπρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ1This all happened for the demonstration of his righteousness at this present timeHe did this to show how God makes people right with himself
98ROM326cg55εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ1This was so he could prove himself just, and to show that he justifies anyone because of faith in JesusBy this he shows that he is both just and the one who declares everyone righteous who has faith in Jesus
99ROM328ycx2χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου1without works of the laweven if he has done no works of the law
100ROM331if2b0Connecting Statement:Paul confirms the law though faith.
101ROM331y6qxνόμον ... ἱστάνομεν1we uphold the lawwe obey the law
102ROM331nzr7figs-inclusiveκαταργοῦμεν1weThis pronoun refers to Paul, other believers, and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
103ROM4introf9jc0# Romans 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 7-8 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The purpose of the law of Moses<br>Paul builds upon material from chapter 3. He explains how Abraham, the father of Israel, was justified. Even Abraham could not be justified by what he did. Obeying the law of Moses does not make a person right with God. Obeying God's commands is a way a person shows they believe in God. People have always been justified only by faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Circumcision<br>Circumcision was important to the Israelites. It identified a person as a descendant of Abraham. It was also a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh. However, no person was justified only by being circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
104ROM41gw290Connecting Statement:Paul confirms that even in the past believers were made right with God by faith and not by the law.
105ROM45ynp2ἐπὶ τὸν δικαιοῦντα1in the one who justifiesin God, who justifies
106ROM46fhq9καθάπερ καὶ Δαυεὶδ λέγει τὸν μακαρισμὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ᾧ ὁ Θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην χωρὶς ἔργων1David also pronounces blessing on the man to whom God counts righteousness without worksDavid also wrote about how God blesses the man whom God makes righteous without works
107ROM410p5rpοὐκ ἐν περιτομῇ, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ1It was not in circumcision, but in uncircumcisionIt happened before he was circumcised, not after he was circumcised
108ROM411i2vzδι’ ἀκροβυστίας1even if they are in uncircumcisioneven if they are not circumcised
109ROM414cf9tfigs-metaphorκληρονόμοι1heirsThe people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110ROM414gd78κεκένωται ἡ πίστις καὶ κατήργηται ἡ ἐπαγγελία1faith is made empty, and the promise is voidfaith has no value, and the promise is meaningless
111ROM416d4jzδιὰ τοῦτο1For this reasonSo
112ROM416ns6rτῷ ... ἐκ τοῦ νόμου1those who are under the lawThis refers to the Jewish people, who were obligated to obey the law of Moses.
113ROM417uun9καλοῦντος τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα1calls the things that do not exist into existencecreated everything from nothing
114ROM421y2shκαὶ πληροφορηθεὶς1He was fully convincedAbraham was completely sure
115ROM421sbu3δυνατός ἐστιν καὶ ποιῆσαι1he was also able to accomplishGod was able to do
116ROM423r65cδι’ αὐτὸν μόνον1only for his benefitfor Abraham only
117ROM51xmp30Connecting Statement:Paul begins to tell many different things that happen when God makes believers right with him.
118ROM51age4δικαιωθέντες οὖν1Since we are justifiedBecause we are justified
119ROM51p11yδιὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1through our Lord Jesus Christbecause of our Lord Jesus Christ
120ROM53u14ffigs-inclusive0we ... our ... WeThese words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
121ROM54sx5fἐλπίδα1certain hopeThis is the certainty that God will fulfill all his promises for those who trust in Christ.
122ROM55i8pdfigs-inclusive0our ... usThese words refer to all believers and should be inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
123ROM57xv5wμόλις γὰρ ὑπὲρ δικαίου τις ἀποθανεῖται1For one will hardly die for a righteous manIt is hard to find someone who is willing to die, even for a righteous man
124ROM57nnj90That is, perhaps someone would dare to die for a good personBut you might find someone who is willing to die for such a good person
125ROM59nvs3figs-metonymyτῷ αἵματι1bloodThis is a metonym for the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
126ROM59sh8fσωθησόμεθα1savedThis means that through Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross, God has forgiven us and rescued us from being punished in hell for our sin.
127ROM510u6bn0his Son ... his lifeGod's Son ... the life of God's Son
128ROM510cu3cguidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτοῦ ... Υἱοῦ1SonThis is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
129ROM512hjx40Connecting Statement:Paul explains why death happened even before God gave the law to Moses.
130ROM514t481καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἁμαρτήσαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ1even over those who did not sin like Adam's disobedienceeven people whose sins were different from Adam's continue to die
131ROM514hdj4ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος1who is a pattern of him who was to comeAdam was a pattern of Christ, who appeared much later. He had much in common with him.
132ROM516uh4xἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων1followed many trespassesafter the sins of many
133ROM517f94rτοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι1trespass of the oneThis refers to the sin of Adam.
134ROM518wgh4δι’ ἑνὸς ... δικαιώματος1one actthe sacrifice of Jesus Christ
135ROM519j5yhπαρακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου1one man's disobediencethe disobedience of Adam
136ROM519aa3eτῆς ... ὑπακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς1the obedience of the onethe obedience of Jesus
137ROM520c59uἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἁμαρτία1sin aboundedsin increased
138ROM521ew1bfigs-inclusiveτοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν1our LordPaul includes himself, his readers, and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
139ROM61x13n0Connecting Statement:Under grace, Paul tells those who believe in Jesus to live a new life as though dead to sin and alive to God.
140ROM64ps5dἐκ νεκρῶν1from the deadFrom among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
141ROM66m7c2ὁ παλαιὸς ... ἄνθρωπος1old manThis means the person who once was, but who does not exist now.
142ROM69kl3eἐκ νεκρῶν1from the deadFrom among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be raised from among them is to become alive again.
143ROM611cac8οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς, λογίζεσθε1In the same way, you also must considerFor this reason consider
144ROM611q4kyνεκροὺς μὲν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, ζῶντας δὲ τῷ Θεῷ1dead to sin, but alive to Goddead to the power of sin, but living to honor God
145ROM611vtl1ζῶντας ... τῷ Θεῷ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1alive to God in Christ Jesusliving to honor God through the power Christ Jesus gives you
146ROM612dng20Connecting Statement:Paul reminds us that grace rules over us, not the law; we are not sin's slaves, but God's slaves.
147ROM612r462figs-personificationεἰς τὸ ὑπακούειν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις αὐτοῦ1in order that you may obey its lustsPaul speaks of a person having evil desires as if it sin were a master that had evil desires. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
148ROM616w9wf0which leads to death ... which leads to righteousnesswhich results in death ... which results in righteousness
149ROM617dz5xχάρις δὲ τῷ Θεῷ1But thanks be to God!But I thank God!
150ROM622a478τὸ δὲ τέλος ζωὴν αἰώνιον1The result is eternal lifeThe result of all of this is that you will live forever with God
151ROM623pf3sτὸ δὲ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ζωὴ αἰώνιος ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν1but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lordbut God gives eternal life to those who belong to Christ Jesus our Lord
152ROM71nj1k0Connecting Statement:Paul explains how the law controls those who want to live under the law.
153ROM71r9flἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
154ROM72iu7rἡ ... ὕπανδρος γυνὴ1the married womanThis refers to any woman who is married.
155ROM74ne64ὥστε, ἀδελφοί μου1Therefore, my brothersThis relates back to [Romans 7:1](../07/01.md).
156ROM74u5nuἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
157ROM76mze70Connecting Statement:Paul reminds us that God does not make us holy by the law.
158ROM76j6i3figs-inclusiveκατηργήθημεν1weThis pronoun refers to Paul and the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
159ROM77k1jjfigs-rquestionτί οὖν ἐροῦμεν1What will we say then?Paul is introducing a new topic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
160ROM77zl8mfigs-personificationτὴν ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἔγνων, εἰ μὴ διὰ νόμου1I would never have known sin, if it were not through the lawPaul is speaking of sin as if it were a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
161ROM77n43pἁμαρτία1sinmy desire to sin
162ROM78mz77figs-personification0But sin took the opportunity ... brought about every lustPaul continues comparing sin to a person who can act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
163ROM78nj21ἐπιθυμίαν1lustThis word includes both the desire to have what belongs to other people and wrong sexual desire.
164ROM78r5i2χωρὶς ... νόμου, ἁμαρτία νεκρά1without the law, sin is deadif there were no law, there would be no breaking of the law, so there would be no sin
165ROM711qi99ἡ γὰρ ἁμαρτία1sinmy desire to sin
166ROM711cw46figs-personificationἀφορμὴν λαβοῦσα διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς1took the opportunity through the commandmentPaul is comparing sin to a person who can act. See how you translated this in [Romans 7:8](../07/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
167ROM712t9ukἅγιος1holyMorally perfect, without sin
168ROM713cz5k0Connecting Statement:Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between sin in his inner man and his mind with the law of God—between sin and good.
169ROM713us69οὖν1SoPaul is introducing a new topic.
170ROM713e1bxfigs-rquestionτὸ ... ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος1did what is good become death to me?Paul uses this question to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
171ROM713g451τὸ ... ἀγαθὸν1what is goodThis refers to God's law.
172ROM713qwe9ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος1become death to mecause me to die
173ROM713m4l5figs-personification0sin ... brought about death in mePaul is viewing sin as though it were a person who could act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
174ROM713pnq6μοι κατεργαζομένη θάνατον1brought about death in meseparated me from God
175ROM713a6zbδιὰ ... τῆς ἐντολῆς1through the commandmentbecause I disobeyed the commandment
176ROM715udc80Connecting Statement:Paul talks about the struggle inside his inner man between his flesh and the law of God—between sin and good.
177ROM715u3avὃ γὰρ κατεργάζομαι, οὐ γινώσκω1For what I do, I do not really understandI am not sure why I do some of the things that I do
178ROM715hv9gὃ γὰρ κατεργάζομαι1For what I dobecause what I do
179ROM716y26sεἰ δὲ ... τοῦτο ποιῶ1But if I doHowever, if I do
180ROM716q3b5σύνφημι τῷ νόμῳ1I agree with the lawI know God's law is good
181ROM717f6n8figs-personificationἡ ἐνοικοῦσα ἐν ἐμοὶ ἁμαρτία1the sin that lives in mePaul describes sin as a living being that has the power to influence him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
182ROM722m13qfigs-metaphorτὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον1the inner manThis is the newly-revived spirit of a person who trusts in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183ROM723clu4βλέπω δὲ ἕτερον νόμον ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου, ἀντιστρατευόμενον τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ νοός μου, καὶ αἰχμαλωτίζοντά με1But I see a different principle in my body parts. It fights against that new principle in my mind. It takes me captiveI am able only to do what my old nature tells me to do, not to live the new way the Spirit shows me
184ROM723t7yhνόμῳ1new principleThis is the new spiritually alive nature.
185ROM723fct8ἕτερον νόμον ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου1a different principle in my body partsThis is the old nature, the way people are when they are born.
186ROM723u4nyτῷ νόμῳ ... τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τῷ ὄντι ἐν τοῖς μέλεσίν μου1the principle of sin that is in my body partsmy sinful nature
187ROM724nu6uμε ῥύσεται1deliver merescue me
188ROM724md8efigs-metaphorτοῦ σώματος τοῦ θανάτου τούτου1this body of deathThis is a metaphor that means a body that will experience physical death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189ROM725w9uiχάρις τῷ Θεῷ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν1But thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our LordThis is the answer to the question in 7:24.
190ROM81xq2y0Connecting Statement:Paul gives the answer to the struggle he has with sin and good.
191ROM83etf2διὰ τῆς σαρκός1through the fleshbecause of people's sinful nature
192ROM83p4qqτὸν ἑαυτοῦ Υἱὸν πέμψας, ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας, καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας, κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν1He ... sent his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh ... an offering for sin ... he condemned sinThe Son of God forever satisfied God's holy anger against our sin by giving his own body and human life as the eternal sacrifice for sin.
193ROM83csl8guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesΥἱὸν1SonThis is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
194ROM83uf94ἐν ... ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας1in the likeness of sinful fleshwho looked like any other sinful human being
195ROM83hfr2καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας1to be an offering for sinso that he could die as a sacrifice for our sins
196ROM83es29κατέκρινε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐν τῇ σαρκί1he condemned sin in the fleshGod broke the power of sin through the body of his Son
197ROM84a5t4ἀλλὰ κατὰ Πνεῦμα1but according to the Spiritbut who obey the Holy Spirit
198ROM86y6p70Connecting Statement:Paul continues to contrast the flesh with the Spirit we now have.
199ROM86ec7jθάνατος1deathHere this means the separation of a person from God.
200ROM88me7uοἱ δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ὄντες1Those who are in the fleshThis refers to people who do what their sinful nature tells them to do.
201ROM89e54uἐν ... Πνεύματι1in the Spiritacting according to the Holy Spirit
202ROM89p55f0Spirit ... God's Spirit ... Spirit of ChristThese all refer to the Holy Spirit.
203ROM810e6g9figs-idiomτὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρὸν διὰ ἁμαρτίαν1the body is dead with respect to sinPossible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually dead to the power of sin or 2) the physical body will still die because of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
204ROM810yb1bfigs-idiomτὸ ... Πνεῦμα ζωὴ διὰ δικαιοσύνην1the spirit is alive with respect to righteousnessPossible meanings are 1) a person is spiritually alive because God has given him power to do what is right or 2) God will bring the person back to life after he dies because God is righteous and gives believers eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
205ROM811b9puτοῦ ἐγείραντος1of him who raisedof God, who raised
206ROM812mv1rἄρα οὖν1So thenBecause what I have just told you is true
207ROM812qw5bἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
208ROM813ri75εἰ γὰρ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆτε1For if you live according to the fleshBecause if you live only to please your sinful desires
209ROM813b9n5μέλλετε ἀποθνῄσκειν1you are about to dieyou will certainly be separated from God
210ROM815ecq3ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν1by which we crywho causes us to cry out
211ROM818phk60Connecting Statement:Paul reminds us as believers that our bodies will be changed at the redemption of our bodies in this section which ends in [Romans 8:25](../08/25.md).
212ROM819d911figs-personificationἡ ... ἀποκαραδοκία τῆς κτίσεως, τὴν ... ἀπεκδέχεται1the eager expectation of the creation waits forPaul describes everything that God created as a person who eagerly waits for something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
213ROM826h8jy0Connecting Statement:Though Paul has been emphasizing that there is a struggle in believers between the flesh and the Spirit, he affirms that the Spirit is aiding us.
214ROM826jmp8στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις1inexpressible groansgroanings that we cannot express in words
215ROM828w4rz0Connecting Statement:Paul reminds the believers that nothing can separate them from God's love.
216ROM829m3vvοὓς προέγνω1those whom he foreknewthose whom he knew before he even created them
217ROM829yuw2guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτοῦ Υἱοῦ1SonThis is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
218ROM829lf49εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν πρωτότοκον1that he might be the firstbornso that his Son would be the firstborn
219ROM830hg3fοὓς δὲ προώρισεν1Those whom he predestinedThose whom God made plans for in advance
220ROM832b3auἀλλὰ ... παρέδωκεν αὐτόν1but delivered him upbut put him under the control of his enemies
221ROM832rib2τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν χαρίσεται1freely give us all thingskindly give us all things
222ROM835q2dcfigs-doubletθλῖψις, ἢ στενοχωρία1Tribulation, or distressThese words both mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
223ROM837iui3ὑπερνικῶμεν1we are more than conquerorswe have complete victory
224ROM838js9qἀρχαὶ1governmentsPossible meanings are 1) demons or 2) human kings and rulers.
225ROM838q7tiοὔτε ... δυνάμεις1nor powersPossible meanings are 1) spiritual beings with power or 2) human beings with power.
226ROM91b89f0Connecting Statement:Paul tells of his personal desire that the people of the nation of Israel will be saved. Then he emphasizes the different ways in which God has prepared them to believe.
227ROM91yg93figs-doubletἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι1I tell the truth in Christ. I do not lieThese two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them to emphasize that he is telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
228ROM91h9mpσυνμαρτυρούσης μοι τῆς συνειδήσεώς μου ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ1my conscience bears witness with me in the Holy Spiritthe Holy Spirit controls my conscience and confirms what I say
229ROM92jky1figs-doubletλύπη ... μεγάλη, καὶ ἀδιάλειπτος ὀδύνη1great sorrow and unceasing painThese two expressions mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how great his emotions are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
230ROM93eg9bτῶν ἀδελφῶν1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
231ROM94p1ysοἵτινές εἰσιν Ἰσραηλεῖται1They are IsraelitesThey, like me, are Israelites. God chose them to be Jacob's descendants
232ROM96s2ma0Connecting Statement:Paul emphasizes that those who are born in the family of Israel can really only be a true part of Israel through faith.
233ROM96wy8zοὐ γὰρ πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ οὗτοι, Ἰσραήλ1For it is not everyone in Israel who truly belongs to IsraelGod did not make his promises to all the physical descendants of Israel (or Jacob), but to his spiritual descendants, that is, those who trust in Jesus.
234ROM97s3rjοὐδ’ ὅτι εἰσὶν σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ πάντες τέκνα1Neither are all Abraham's descendants truly his childrenNor are they all children of God just because they are Abraham's descendants
235ROM98y17ufigs-metaphorταῦτα τέκνα τοῦ Θεοῦ1children of GodThis is a metaphor that refers to people who are spiritual descendants, those who have faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236ROM98ta8tτέκνα τῆς ... ἐπαγγελίας1children of the promiseThis refers to people who will inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham.
237ROM99up57ἐπαγγελίας ... ὁ λόγος οὗτος1this is the word of promisethese are the words God used when he made the promise
238ROM910icc1κοίτην, ἔχουσα1had conceivedhad become pregnant
239ROM911h16yμήπω γὰρ γεννηθέντων, μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον1for the children were not yet born and had not yet done anything good or badbefore the children were born and before they had done anything, whether good or bad
240ROM911a1gzἵνα ἡ κατ’ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις τοῦ Θεοῦ μένῃ1so that the purpose of God according to choice might standso that what God wants to happen according to His choice will happen
241ROM911eez1μήπω γὰρ γεννηθέντων1for the children were not yet bornbefore the children were born
242ROM911iw56μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον1had not yet done anything good or badnot because of anything they had done
243ROM911d6mr0because of himbecause of God
244ROM914m8xkfigs-rquestionτί οὖν ἐροῦμεν1What then will we say?Paul is using the question to get the attention of his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
245ROM916d4f5οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος, οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος1it is not because of him who wills, nor because of him who runsit is not because of what people want or because they try hard
246ROM916ues3figs-metaphorοὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος1nor because of him who runsPaul speaks of a person who does good things in order to gain God's favor as if that person were running a race. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
247ROM917xu7sἐνδείξωμαι ... μου1I ... myGod is referring to himself.
248ROM917nfv5figs-youσε1yousingular (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
249ROM918a1uvὃν θέλει ... σκληρύνει1whom he wishes, he makes stubbornGod makes stubborn whoever he wishes to make stubborn.
250ROM919z4j2figs-youἐρεῖς μοι οὖν1You will say then to mePaul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to one person. You may need to use the plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
251ROM919n1tiτῷ γὰρ βουλήματι αὐτοῦ ... ἀνθέστηκεν1has ... withstood his willhas ... stopped him from doing what he wanted to do
252ROM925eqc20Connecting Statement:In this section Paul explains how Israel's unbelief as a nation was told ahead of time by the prophet Hosea.
253ROM925m82vtranslate-namesτῷ Ὡσηὲ1HoseaHosea was a prophet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
254ROM925gi5kκαλέσω τὸν οὐ λαόν‘ μου’, λαόν‘ μου1I will call my people who were not my peopleI will choose for my people those who were not my people
255ROM927zqi1κράζει1cries outcalls out
256ROM930ki4kὅτι ἔθνη1That the GentilesWe will say that the Gentiles
257ROM930bnl6τὰ μὴ διώκοντα δικαιοσύνην1who were not pursuing righteousnesswho were not trying to please God
258ROM933u3djfigs-doubletλίθον προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτραν σκανδάλου1stone of stumbling and a rock of offenseBoth of these phrases mean basically the same thing and are metaphors that refer to Jesus and his death on the cross. It was as if the people stumbled over a stone because they were disgusted when they considered Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
259ROM101pi370Connecting Statement:Paul continues stating his desire for Israel to believe but emphasizes that both those who are Jews as well as everyone else can only be saved by faith in Jesus.
260ROM101hj4bἀδελφοί1BrothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
261ROM101tmf2ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν εἰς σωτηρίαν1is for them, for their salvationis that God will save the Jews
262ROM102y7qgμαρτυρῶ ... αὐτοῖς1I testify about themI declare truthfully about them
263ROM103a6r4τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐχ ὑπετάγησαν1They did not submit to the righteousness of GodThey did not accept God's way of putting people right with himself
264ROM104x1w8τέλος γὰρ νόμου Χριστὸς1For Christ is the fulfillment of the lawFor Christ completely fulfilled the law
265ROM106gi7sτοῦτ’( ἔστιν Χριστὸν καταγαγεῖν1that is, to bring Christ downin order that they might have Christ come down to earth
266ROM107iw13ἐκ νεκρῶν1from the deadFrom among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To be brought up from among them is to become alive again.
267ROM107t8ddνεκρῶν1deadThis word speaks of physical death.
268ROM108lh5dτὸ ... ῥῆμα τῆς πίστεως1the word of faithGod's message that tells us that we must believe in him
269ROM1014mrl8πιστεύσωσιν οὗ1believe inHere this means to acknowledge that what that person has said is true.
270ROM1017nq87ἀκοῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Χριστοῦ1hearing by the word of Christhearing by listening to the message about Christ
271ROM1019a7k7figs-youὑμᾶς1youThis refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
272ROM1020cv1xἨσαΐας δὲ ἀποτολμᾷ καὶ λέγει1Then Isaiah was very bold when he saysThis means the prophet Isaiah wrote what God had said.
273ROM1020t78jἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην1I appearedI made myself known
274ROM1021il8sἐξεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου πρὸς λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα1I reached out my hands to a disobedient and stubborn peopleI tried to welcome you and to help you, but you refused my help and continued to disobey
275ROM111p2h90Connecting Statement:Though Israel as a nation has rejected God, God wants them to understand salvation comes by grace without works.
276ROM111wp35λέγω οὖν1I say thenI, Paul, say then
277ROM111p4zdfigs-rquestionμὴ ἀπώσατο ὁ Θεὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ1did God reject his people?Paul asks this question so that he can answer the questions of other Jews who are upset that God has included the Gentiles among his people, while the hearts of the Jewish people have been hardened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
278ROM111bc4gφυλῆς Βενιαμείν1tribe of BenjaminThis refers to the tribe descended from Benjamin, one of the 12 tribes into which God divided the people of Israel.
279ROM112h4qeὃν προέγνω1whom he foreknewwhom he knew ahead of time
280ROM112dd1efigs-personificationτί λέγει ἡ Γραφή1what the scripture saysPaul is referring to the Scriptures as if they were able to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
281ROM113dv5uζητοῦσιν τὴν ψυχήν μου1seeking my lifedesiring to kill me
282ROM115ce2rλῖμμα1remnantHere this means a small part of people whom God chose to receive his grace.
283ROM118zyk1ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν1eyes so that they should not seeThe concept of seeing with one's eyes was considered to be equivalent to gaining understanding.
284ROM118ny8wὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν1ears so that they should not hearThe concept of hearing with the ears was considered to be equivalent to obedience.
285ROM119xex5εἰς ... ἀνταπόδομα αὐτοῖς1a retribution for themsomething that allows you to take revenge on them
286ROM1111z8tw0Connecting Statement:With Israel as a nation rejecting God, Paul warns the Gentiles to be careful they do not make the same mistake.
287ROM1111f1jw0provoke ... to jealousySee how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md).
288ROM1112dh1gπλοῦτος κόσμου1the riches of the worldBecause the Jews rejected Christ, God richly blessed the Gentiles by giving them the opportunity to receive Christ.
289ROM1114ua2kπαραζηλώσω1provoke to jealousySee how you translated this phrase in [Romans 10:19](../10/19.md).
290ROM1115es22εἰ γὰρ ἡ ἀποβολὴ αὐτῶν καταλλαγὴ κόσμου1For if their rejection means the reconciliation of the worldFor if because God rejected them, he will reconcile the rest of the world to himself
291ROM1115jn4lνεκρῶν1the deadThese words speak of all dead people together in the underworld.
292ROM1118llz1figs-metaphorοὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις, ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ1it is not you who supports the root, but the root that supports youAgain Paul implies that the Gentile believers are branches. God saves them only because of the covenant promises that he made to the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
293ROM1122xdm3χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν Θεοῦ1the kind actions and the severity of GodPaul is reminding the Gentile believers that although God may act very kindly toward them, he will not hesitate to judge and punish them.
294ROM1123yjj6ἐνκεντρίσαι1graftThis is a common process where the end of a live branch of one tree is inserted into another tree so that the new branch will continue to grow in that tree.
295ROM1126ds7a0Connecting Statement:Paul says that a deliverer will come out of Israel to the glory of God.
296ROM1126v96cὁ ῥυόμενος1the Delivererthe one who brings his people to safety
297ROM1126at55figs-metaphorἀποστρέψει ἀσεβείας1He will remove ungodlinessPaul speaks of ungodliness as if it were an object that someone could remove, perhaps like someone removes a garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298ROM1130bj8gὑμεῖς ποτε ἠπειθήσατε1you were formerly disobedientyou did not obey in the past
299ROM1130g3cnfigs-youὑμεῖς1youThis refers to Gentile believers, and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
300ROM1133u322ὡς ἀνεξεραύνητα τὰ κρίματα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδοὶ αὐτοῦ1How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways beyond discoveringWe are completely unable to understand the things that he has decided and find out the ways in which he acts toward us
301ROM121rhs30Connecting Statement:Paul tells what the life of a believer should be and how believers should serve.
302ROM121tyk7τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν1This is your reasonable serviceThis is the right way to worship God
303ROM122d2qqfigs-metonymyτῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ1this worldThis refers to unbelievers who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
304ROM123s6ygπαντὶ τῷ ὄντι ἐν ὑμῖν, μὴ ὑπερφρονεῖν παρ’ ὃ δεῖ φρονεῖν1that everyone who is among you should not think more highly of themselves than they ought to thinkthat no one among you should think they are better than other people
305ROM123me4tἀλλὰ φρονεῖν εἰς τὸ σωφρονεῖν1Instead, they should think in a wise wayBut you should be wise in how you think about yourselves
306ROM124zm8pγὰρ1ForPaul uses this word to show that he will now explain why some Christians should not think they are better than others.
307ROM124v2pifigs-metaphorἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, πολλὰ μέλη ἔχομεν1we have many members in one bodyPaul refers to all the believers in Christ as if they were different parts of the human body. He does this to illustrate that although believers may serve Christ in different ways, each person belongs to Christ and serves in an important way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
308ROM124v5iyμέλη1membersThese are such things as eyes, stomachs, and hands.
309ROM129eaw7ἡ ἀγάπη1loveThe word Paul uses here refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
310ROM129mr8iἡ ἀγάπη1loveThis is another word that means brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
311ROM1210ux2yτῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ1Concerning love of the brothersAs for how you love your fellow believers
312ROM1211iu2iτῇ σπουδῇ μὴ ὀκνηροί, τῷ πνεύματι ζέοντες, τῷ Κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες1Concerning diligence, do not be hesitant. Concerning the spirit, be eager. Concerning the Lord, serve himDo not be lazy in your duty, but be eager to follow the Spirit and to serve the Lord
313ROM1212l3esτῇ ... θλίψει ὑπομένοντες1be patient in sufferingWait patiently whenever you have troubles
314ROM1213exd80Find many ways to show hospitalityAlways welcome them into your home when they need a place to stay
315ROM1216ar7yμὴ τὰ ὑψηλὰ φρονοῦντες1Do not think in proud waysDo not think that you are more important than others
316ROM1216cc23τοῖς ταπεινοῖς συναπαγόμενοι1accept lowly peoplewelcome people who do not seem important
317ROM1216h469μὴ ... γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς1Do not be wise in your own thoughtsDo not think of yourselves as having more wisdom than everyone else
318ROM1217h2tzμηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες1Repay no one evil for evilDo not do evil things to someone who has done evil things to you
319ROM1217fzh8προνοούμενοι καλὰ ἐνώπιον πάντων ἀνθρώπων1Do good things in the sight of all peopleDo things that everyone considers to be good
320ROM1218pgt7τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν, μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰρηνεύοντες1as far as it depends on you, live at peace with all peopledo whatever you can to live in peace with everyone
321ROM1220e49jψώμιζε αὐτόν1feed himgive him some food
322ROM1221p7fdfigs-youμὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ... τὸ κακόν1Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evilThese verbs are addressed as to one person and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
323ROM131v5ik0Connecting Statement:Paul tells believers how to live under their rulers.
324ROM131g1byἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις1higher authoritiesgovernment officials
325ROM131emi2γὰρ1forbecause
326ROM131wii2οὐ ... ἔστιν ἐξουσία, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ Θεοῦ1there is no authority unless it comes from Godall authority comes from God
327ROM133m3yfοἱ γὰρ ἄρχοντες1ForPaul uses this word to begin his explanation of [Romans 13:2](../13/02.md) and to tell about what will result if the government condemns a person.
328ROM133c2xaοἱ γὰρ ἄρχοντες οὐκ εἰσὶν φόβος1rulers are not a terrorRulers do not make good people afraid.
329ROM133ahl9ἕξεις ἔπαινον ἐξ αὐτῆς1you will receive his approvalThe government will say good things about people who do what is good.
330ROM134s3vzfigs-metonymyτὴν μάχαιραν φορεῖ1carry the swordRoman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
331ROM135q81vοὐ μόνον διὰ τὴν ὀργὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν1not only because of the wrath, but also because of consciencenot only so the government will not punish you, but also so you will have a clear conscience before God
332ROM136r1jyδιὰ τοῦτο γὰρ1Because of thisBecause the government punishes evildoers
333ROM136r4b3figs-youτελεῖτε1you payPaul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
334ROM136hy4fγὰρ ... εἰσιν1For authoritiesThis is why you should pay taxes: authorities
335ROM137z9cnfigs-youἀπόδοτε πᾶσι1Pay to everyonePaul is addressing the believers here, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
336ROM137s2nfτὸ τέλος1tollThis is a kind of tax.
337ROM138s8pb0Connecting Statement:Paul tells believers how to act toward neighbors.
338ROM138p6cwfigs-youὀφείλετε1OweThis verb is plural and applies to all the Roman Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
339ROM138ay3nεἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν1except to love one anotherThis is the one debt that can remain as shown in the note above.
340ROM138i5auἀγαπᾶν1loveThis refers to the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
341ROM139wad4ἐπιθυμήσεις1covetto desire to have or possess something that another person possesses.
342ROM1311b6l3figs-metaphorεἰδότες τὸν καιρόν, ὅτι ὥρα ἤδη ὑμᾶς ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι1you know the time, that it is already time for you to awake out of sleepPaul speaks of the need for the Roman believers to change their behavior as if they needed to wake up from being asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343ROM1313gv4qfigs-inclusiveπεριπατήσωμεν1Let usPaul includes his readers and other believers with himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
344ROM1313h6xlἔριδι1strifeThis refers to plotting against and arguing with other people.
345ROM1313g117ζήλῳ1jealousyThis refers to negative feelings against another person's success or advantage over others.
346ROM1314sir6figs-metaphorἐνδύσασθε τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν1put on the Lord Jesus ChristPaul speaks of accepting the moral nature of Christ as if he were our outer clothing that people can see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
347ROM1314j795ἐνδύσασθε1put onIf your language has a plural form for commands, use it here.
348ROM141abm60Connecting Statement:Paul encourages believers to remember that they are answerable to God.
349ROM141jf8vτὸν δὲ ἀσθενοῦντα τῇ πίστει1weak in faithThis refers to those who felt guilty over eating and drinking certain things.
350ROM141p697μὴ εἰς διακρίσεις διαλογισμῶν1without giving judgment about argumentsand do not condemn them for their opinions
351ROM142n2n6ὁ ... ἀσθενῶν λάχανα ἐσθίει1another who is weak eats only vegetablesThis describes a person who believes God does not want him to eat meat.
352ROM145x7j20One person values one day above another. Another values every day equallyOne person thinks one day is more important than all the others, but another person thinks that all days are the same
353ROM147u9arfigs-inclusiveοὐδεὶς ... ἡμῶν1none of usPaul is including his readers, so this is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
354ROM1410al55τὸν ἀδελφόν1brotherHere this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
355ROM1412nsy8περὶ ἑαυτοῦ, λόγον δώσει τῷ Θεῷ1will give an account of himself to Godwill have to explain our actions to God
356ROM1413cx4sτῷ ἀδελφῷ1brotherHere this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
357ROM1415ln42ὁ ἀδελφός1brotherHere this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
358ROM1416gl48μὴ βλασφημείσθω οὖν ὑμῶν τὸ ἀγαθόν1So do not allow what you consider to be good to be spoken of as evilIf someone thinks that something is evil, do not do it, even if you consider it to be good
359ROM1421mrr40It is good not to eat meat, nor to drink wine, nor anything by which your brother takes offenseIt is better not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything else that might cause your brother to sin
360ROM1421iq9gὁ ἀδελφός1brotherHere this means a fellow Christian, male or female.
361ROM1422hjk9σὺ πίστιν ἣν ἔχεις1The faith you haveThis refers back to the beliefs about food and drink.
362ROM1422b3hifigs-you0you ... yourselfsingular. Because Paul is addressing the believers, you may have to translate this using plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
363ROM1422r53rμακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτὸν ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει1Blessed is the one who does not condemn himself by what he approvesBlessed are those who do not feel guilty for what they decide to do
364ROM15introae9u0# Romans 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 9-11 and 21 of this chapter, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Some translations set prose quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words in verse 12.<br><br>In [Romans 15:14](../../rom/15/14.md), Paul begins to speak more personally. He shifts from teaching to telling of his personal plans.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Strong/Weak<br>These terms are used to refer to people who are mature and immature in their faith. Paul teaches that those who are strong in faith need to help those who are weak in faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
365ROM151cx660Connecting Statement:Paul concludes this section about believers' living for others with reminding them how Christ lived.
366ROM151u19sδὲ1NowTranslate this using the words your language uses to introduce a new idea into an argument.
367ROM151dx9dfigs-inclusiveἡμεῖς1weThis refers to Paul, his readers, and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
368ROM153qni7οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε, ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ’ ἐμέ1The insults of those who insulted you fell on meThe insults of those who insulted God fell on Christ.
369ROM154m7yyfigs-inclusive0our ... wePaul includes his readers and other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
370ROM155u2zm0Connecting Statement:Paul encourages the believers to remember that both Gentile believers and Jews that believe are made one in Christ.
371ROM155g5xm0may ... God ... grantI pray that ... God ... will grant
372ROM158me1eεἰς τὸ βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας1in order to confirm the promisesThis is one of the two purposes for which Christ became a servant of the circumcision.
373ROM1510yvy90Again it saysAgain the scripture says
374ROM1511xw7tκαὶ ... ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν1praise himpraise the Lord
375ROM1514h98x0Connecting Statement:Paul reminds the believers in Rome that God chose him to reach the Gentiles.
376ROM1514d878ἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
377ROM1518by9sεἰς ὑπακοὴν ἐθνῶν1for the obedience of the Gentilesso that the Gentiles will obey God
378ROM1519g8bkfigs-doubletσημείων καὶ τεράτων1signs and wondersThese two words mean basically the same thing and refer to various kinds of miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
379ROM1519c8ffὥστε ... ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ κύκλῳ μέχρι τοῦ Ἰλλυρικοῦ1so that from Jerusalem, and round about as far as IllyricumThis is from the city of Jerusalem as far as the province of Illyricum, a region close to Italy.
380ROM1522f1fq0Connecting Statement:Paul tells the believers in Rome about his personal plans to visit them and asks the believers to pray.
381ROM1524si59translate-namesτὴν Σπανίαν1SpainThis is a roman province west of Rome that Paul desired to visit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
382ROM1527w5ap0Yes, it was their good pleasureThe believers in Macedonia and Achaia were pleased to do it
383ROM1527tfz10indeed, they are their debtorsindeed the people of Macedonia and Achaia are in debt to the believers in Jerusalem
384ROM1527en7lεἰ ... τοῖς πνευματικοῖς αὐτῶν ἐκοινώνησαν τὰ ἔθνη, ὀφείλουσιν καὶ ... λειτουργῆσαι αὐτοῖς1if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve themsince the Gentiles have shared in the spiritual things of the Jerusalem believers, the Gentiles owe service to the Jerusalem believers
385ROM1530w1taδὲ1NowIf your language has a way to show that Paul has stopped talking about the good things he is confident of ([Romans 15:29](../15/29.md)) and is now starting to talk about the dangers he faces, use it here.
386ROM1530yb7mπαρακαλῶ ... ὑμᾶς1I urge youI encourage you
387ROM1530v9iyἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
388ROM16introqy960# Romans 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul gives personal greetings to some of the Christians in Rome. It was common to end a letter in the ancient Near East with this type of personal greeting.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>Because of the personal nature of this chapter, much of the context is unknown. This will make translation more difficult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
389ROM161sg6a0Connecting Statement:Paul then greets many of the believers in Rome by name.
390ROM161vkg8συνίστημι δὲ ὑμῖν Φοίβην1I commend to you PhoebeI want you to respect Phoebe
391ROM161sry4translate-namesΦοίβην1PhoebeThis is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
392ROM161q669translate-namesΚενχρεαῖς1CenchreaThis was a seaport city in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
393ROM162yic3ἀξίως τῶν ἁγίων1in a manner worthy of the saintsin the way that believers should welcome other believers
394ROM162inh1προστάτις πολλῶν ἐγενήθη καὶ ἐμοῦ αὐτοῦ1has become a helper of many, and of myself as wellhas helped many people, and she has also helped me
395ROM163c5lgtranslate-namesΠρίσκαν καὶ Ἀκύλαν1Priscilla and AquilaPriscilla was the wife of Aquila. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
396ROM165i32d0Greet the church that is in their houseGreet the believers who meet in their house to worship
397ROM165bn9ztranslate-namesἘπαίνετον1EpaenetusThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
398ROM166ew2ztranslate-namesΜαρίαν1MaryThis is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
399ROM167tzk4translate-namesἈνδρόνικον1AndronicusThis is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
400ROM167z9uktranslate-namesἸουνίαν1JuniasThis could be either 1) Junia, a woman's name, or, much less likely, 2) Junias, a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
401ROM168h976translate-namesἈμπλιᾶτον1AmpliatusThis is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
402ROM168alh2τὸν ἀγαπητόν μου ἐν Κυρίῳ1my beloved in the Lordmy dear friend and fellow believer
403ROM169bd5ltranslate-names0Urbanus ... StachysThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
404ROM1610k55ttranslate-names0Apelles ... AristobulusThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
405ROM1611gt6rtranslate-names0Herodion ... NarcissusThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
406ROM1612sq9ntranslate-names0Tryphaena ... Tryphosa ... PersisThese are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
407ROM1613zmf4translate-namesῬοῦφον1RufusThis is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
408ROM1614dwh9translate-namesἈσύγκριτον, Φλέγοντα, Ἑρμῆν, Πατροβᾶν, Ἑρμᾶν1Asyncritus ... Phlegon ... Hermes ... Patrobas ... HermasThese are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
409ROM1614ck2wἀδελφούς1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
410ROM1615ye9jtranslate-names0Philologus ... Nereus ... OlympasThese are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
411ROM1615n2rxtranslate-namesἸουλίαν1JuliaThe name of a woman. Julia was probably the wife of Philologus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
412ROM1616g2z1φιλήματι ἁγίῳ1a holy kissan expression of affection for fellow believers
413ROM1617u1m90Connecting Statement:Paul gives one last warning to the believers about unity and living for God.
414ROM1617wx6rἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
415ROM1617ztv5σκοπεῖν1to think aboutto watch out for
416ROM1617j9x70They are going beyond the teaching that you have learnedThey teach things that do not agree with the truth you have already learned
417ROM1619le5lἀκεραίους ... εἰς τὸ κακόν1innocent to that which is evilnot involved in doing evil things
418ROM1621z4g30Connecting Statement:Paul gives greetings from the believers who are with him.
419ROM1621ku15translate-namesΛούκιος, καὶ Ἰάσων, καὶ Σωσίπατρος1Lucius, Jason, and SosipaterThese are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
420ROM1622xu3qtranslate-names0Tertius, who write this epistle downTertius is the man who wrote down what Paul spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
421ROM1622nx4gἀσπάζομαι ὑμᾶς ... ἐν Κυρίῳ1greet you in the Lordgreet you as a fellow believer
422ROM1623sw7rtranslate-names0Gaius ... Erastus ... QuartusThese are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
423ROM1623j9u7ὁ ξένος1the hostThis refers to Gaius, the person in whose house Paul and his fellow believers gathered for worship.
424ROM1623m5hgὁ ... οἰκονόμος1the treasurerThis is a person who takes care of the money for a group.
425ROM1625psm30Connecting Statement:Paul closes with a prayer of blessing.
426ROM1625kmw1κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου, καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christby the good news that I have preached about Jesus Christ