unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_34-NAM.tsv

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2NAM1introfa8i0# Nahum 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of this chapter) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, this book consists of one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh's anger against Nineveh<br>This prophecy should be read in reference to the book of Jonah. That book described how the people of Niniveh, Assyria's capital city, repented when Jonah warned them that Yahweh was angry at them. The book of Nahum, written a little over one hundred years later than when Jonah was set, indicates that the Ninevites would be punished by God, but only after he had used them for his own purposes. These actions of Yahweh, although described as vengeance or anger, do not have the same sinful quality as they usually do with humans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Complete destruction<br>At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true very suddenly.<br>
3NAM11wy4yfigs-parallelism0General Information:Nahum describes the destruction of Nineveh in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4NAM11q626translate-names0ElkoshiteA person from the village of Elkosh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5NAM12z2vjfigs-metaphor0General Information:Nahum begins to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people. The vision is full of metaphorical language and uses different kinds of parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6NAM12krb60YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
7NAM12z8hx0full of wrathvery angry
8NAM12a6fz0he continues his anger forcontinues to be angry with
9NAM13t8dj0slow to angerslow to become angry
10NAM13du22figs-explicit0Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feetThe biblical writers often associated Yahweh's presence with powerful storms. Here Yahweh rides in strong storm winds and his feet are creating clouds by kicking up dust as he is coming to judge the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11NAM13l5ed0the dust of his feetthe dust that his feet kick up
12NAM14lh7c0General Information:Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
13NAM15cg1vfigs-metaphor0the hills meltPossible meanings are 1) the earthquake causing the hills to crumble to pieces is spoken of as if the hills were melting or 2) the water from the storms coursing down the hills and causing them to erode is spoken of as if the hills were melting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14NAM15f3dl0the earth collapsesPossible meanings are 1) the mountains and hills collapse or 2) the entire ground begins to move with violent motions.
15NAM16f6ms0General Information:Nahum continues to describe Yahweh coming to judge his enemies and to save his people.
16NAM17vrf3figs-metaphor0a stronghold ... those who take refuge in himNahum speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place where people can be safe from those who wish to harm them, and of those who trust Yahweh to protect them as if they were taking refuge inside that safe place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17NAM18b39gfigs-metaphor0with an overwhelming floodNahum speaks of Yahweh destroying his enemies in such a way that they will be powerless to avoid death as if Yahweh caused them to drown in a great flood of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18NAM19mz660General Information:Nahum tells the people of Nineveh how Yahweh will deal with them.
19NAM110fkc6figs-metaphor0they will become tangled up like thornbushesPossible meanings for this metaphor are 1) the people who plot against Yahweh will not be able to free themselves from the trouble that Yahweh will bring upon them, like a person who is tangled up in thornbushes cannot easily free himself or 2) just as thornbushes burn more quickly when they are tangled together, Yahweh will quickly destroy those who plot against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20NAM110ip7lfigs-metaphor0they will be saturated in their own drinkNahum speaks of those who plot against Yahweh suffering the consequences of their plans as if they were completely drunk with alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21NAM111ee380promoted wickednessencouraged people to do wicked things
22NAM112p1bp0General Information:Yahweh speaks to the Israelites about Nineveh.
23NAM112uyz90Even if they are at their full strength and full numbersThis refers to the Assyrians or to the people of Nineveh.
24NAM115l31d0wicked one ... heNahum refers to the people of Nineveh as though they were one person.
25NAM2introm3yl0# Nahum 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, this book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Complete destruction<br>At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true and did so very suddenly. At times, this chapter is very violent in describing the destruction of Assyria, and this violence should not be toned down through the use of euphemism.<br>
26NAM21c5dgwriting-poetry0General Information:Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he begins to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
27NAM21v7eifigs-irony0Man the city walls, guard the roads, make yourselves strong, assemble your armiesNahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
28NAM21zt4z0guard the roadsThis refers to having soldiers watch the roads leading to the city so that they can keep track of the enemy's approach.
29NAM22wmm60the plundererspeople who steal things by force, usually in war
30NAM23sal20The shields of his mighty men are redPossible meanings are 1) the shields appear red as the light from the sun reflects upon their metal surfaces or 2) the shields are covered with leather that has been dyed red.
31NAM23shs80the chariots flash with their metalThis likely refers to the light from the sun reflecting upon the metal chariots.
32NAM23b24stranslate-unknown0cypressa type of tree whose wood is good for weapons (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
33NAM24l7yi0The chariots speed through the streetsThe soldiers drive the chariots wildly through the streets
34NAM24m4y1figs-simile0They look like torchesNahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots with torches whose fire gives light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
35NAM24vee1figs-simile0they run like lightningNahum compares the way that the light from the sun reflects upon the chariots, and the quickness with which the chariots move, with lightning that flashes quickly in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
36NAM25t8340The large shieldThis refers to a large cover that those who besieged a city would set up over themselves and their battering rams to protect themselves against the arrows and other projectiles with which the people in the city would attack them.
37NAM26bi3c0The gates at the riversThis refers to the gates that controlled the flow and direction of the river.
38NAM27wzf80her female servants moan like dovesThe moaning sounds that the female servants make sound like the sounds that doves make.
39NAM27ya8wtranslate-symaction0beating on their breastsBeating one's breast was a gesture used to express great mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
40NAM28awl5figs-simile0Nineveh is like a leaking pool of water, with its people fleeing away like rushing waterNahum compares the way that the people flee from the city of Nineveh with the way that water gushes from a reservoir of water when the dam has been broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
41NAM29e4pvfigs-apostrophe0Take the silver plunder ... Nineveh's beautiful thingsIt is not clear who is speaking here. This may be an apostrophe in which Nahum gives directions to the attackers, or the attackers may be speaking and giving directions to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
42NAM210haf90everyone's knees strike togetherThis describes a physical response to great fear. The people's legs shake so badly that their knees knock together and they are unable to walk or run.
43NAM211as2efigs-metaphor0General Information:In these verses, Nahum speaks of the people of Nineveh as if they were a group of lions, and of the city Nineveh as if it were their den. The metaphor speaks of the way in which the Assyrians would conquer other people and take their possessions as their own as if they were lions hunting prey and bringing the dead animals back to their den. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44NAM3introk8ee0# Nahum 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of the entire book (except for verse 1 of chapter 1) farther to the right on the page than regular text because they are poetic prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Despite being divided into three chapters, the book contains one long prophecy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemism<br>This chapter speaks about the evils of the Assyrians in violent ways. It is important to avoiding toning down this language through the use of euphemism, if at all possible. Although there is some hyperbole, the reader should not assume that the author intends this writing to be taken as completely hyperbolic. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
45NAM31kar1writing-poetry0General Information:Nahum often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here he continues to describe the destruction of Nineveh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
46NAM32n52r0the noise of whips and the sound of rattling wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariotsThese phrases describe the sound of chariots rushing through the streets as their drivers use their whips on the horses.
47NAM33isx6figs-parallelism0heaps of corpses, great piles of bodiesThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and indicate that there were so many dead bodies that the attackers piled them in heaps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
48NAM33xle90corpsesbodies of people who have died
49NAM34x2ucfigs-metaphor0the lustful actions of the beautiful prostituteNahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a prostitute who seduces men with her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50NAM34zv4sfigs-metaphor0the expert in witchcraftNahum speaks of Nineveh causing other nations to be subject to her as if the city were a witch who casts a spells on others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51NAM38v76ufigs-metonymy0General Information:Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
52NAM38c7qrtranslate-names0ThebesThis was the former capital of Egypt, which the Assyrians had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53NAM38w92b0that was built on the Nile Riverthat was situated by the Nile River
54NAM39c9ndtranslate-names0Put and LibyaThese are the names of places in northern Africa that were close to Thebes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
55NAM310h5f5figs-metonymy0General Information:Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
56NAM312kbf7figs-metonymy0General Information:Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
57NAM312c8ttfigs-explicit0the earliest ripe figsThis refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
58NAM314g9i1figs-metonymy0General Information:Nahum continues to speak to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59NAM314w932figs-irony0Go draw water for the siege ... pick up the molds for the bricksNahum speaks to the people of Nineveh. He tells them to prepare for battle and to repair the walls, although he knows that the enemy will destroy the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
60NAM314d5xh0strengthen your fortressesrepair the fortifications
61NAM314tja50go into the clay and tread the mortar; pick up the molds for the bricksThese phrases refer to making mud bricks that they will use to repair the city's wall.
62NAM315mx6w0Make yourselves as many as the young locusts, as many as the full-grown locustsThese words begin a new paragraph where Nahum compares the number of people in Nineveh with the large number of locusts in a swarm.
63NAM316h3mkfigs-metonymy0General Information:Nahum speaks to the people of Nineveh as though they were the city itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
64NAM316jax3figs-simile0they are like young locusts: they plunder the land and then fly awayNahum compares the way that these merchants, who have made their profit by selling their goods in Nineveh, will flee from the city when the battle begins with the way that locusts fly away after they have eaten all of the plants in their path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
65NAM317g39bfigs-simile0your generals are like swarms of them that camp in the walls on a cold day. But when the sun rises they fly awayNahum compares the way that the officials in Nineveh will flee when the battle starts with the way that locusts will remain still while it is cold, but will fly away when the sun rises and the air becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
66NAM317t77f0to no one knows whereand no one knows where they have gone
67NAM319ik24figs-metaphor0No healing is possible for your wounds. Your wounds are severeNahum speaks of the certainty of the destruction of Nineveh and the defeat of its king as if the king had suffered an incurable wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])