unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv

115 KiB

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2HOS1introud3c0# Hosea 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:2-11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hosea's marriage<br>God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Hosea 1-4 is controlled by a metaphor that Hosea lived out. He was personifying the relationship between Israel and Yahweh. Hosea played the part of Yahweh, and Gomer played the part of Israel.<br>
3HOS11fhy8translate-names0BeeriThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4HOS11f238translate-names0Uzziah ... Jotham ... Ahaz ... Hezekiah ... Jeroboam ... JoashThe events in this book happened during the time of these kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5HOS11ghv40YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
6HOS13l8fbtranslate-names0Gomer ... DiblaimThese are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7HOS14ykw9figs-metaphor0the house of IsraelThis expression refers to kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8HOS110q3ve0General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
9HOS110mc4bfigs-simile0like the sand of the seashoreThis emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10HOS110zlv30where it was said to themThis expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been committed by kings of Israel, and which was a symbol of God's punishment of them.
11HOS111t1bm0go up from the landThis expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity.
12HOS111b5bzfigs-explicit0the day of JezreelThis refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13HOS2introh75z0# Hosea 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is poetry, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
14HOS21qq880Connecting Statement:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
15HOS22d1d50General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
16HOS22t1g60lawsuitThis is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law.
17HOS22vb8mfigs-metaphor0for she is not my wifeYahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18HOS22e3qhfigs-metaphor0neither am I her husbandYahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19HOS22l76mfigs-metaphor0her acts of adulteryA wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20HOS22qp68figs-metaphor0from between her breastsThis imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21HOS23x3z9figs-metaphor0I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was bornYahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. The full meaning of this may be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22HOS23w84ffigs-simile0I will make her like the wildernessYahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
23HOS24dt2c0General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
24HOS24ck3efigs-metaphor0for they are children of prostitutionThe Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25HOS25bbd9figs-metaphor0For their mother has been a prostituteThe previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26HOS26e3xg0General Information:Yahweh is talking to Hosea.
27HOS26n4vefigs-metaphor0Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her wayThis passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
28HOS28i5590General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
29HOS29v55ufigs-metonymy0I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakednessThis probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30HOS210fpp30General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
31HOS210jfc9figs-metaphor0Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her loversThis means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32HOS212ege90General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel.
33HOS212f2fcfigs-metaphor0make them a forestYahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34HOS214a2gy0Connecting Statement:Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
35HOS214uxh60So I am going to win her backI, Yahweh, will bring her back to me
36HOS215cf8d0the Valley of Achor as a door of hopeAs Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor so that Israel will hope again in Yahweh.
37HOS215sql9figs-metaphor0She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of EgyptYahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
38HOS216m6ggfigs-metaphor0My husbandThis means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39HOS218ma1m0Connecting Statement:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel.
40HOS218puj70On that dayThis phrase is used to talk about a future restoration between Israel and Yahweh.
41HOS218j2tx0I will make a covenant for themYahweh's new covenant will include peace for the animals.
42HOS218u7mvfigs-metonymy0lie down in safetyThis expression refers to living in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43HOS219t7wt0General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel.
44HOS219h2m4figs-metaphor0I will promise to be your husband foreverYahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45HOS221bb870General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel.
46HOS222w8qhfigs-personification0The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer JezreelThe land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
47HOS222zi92figs-metaphor0JezreelHere the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48HOS223u9ni0General Information:Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel.
49HOS3introk2ts0# Hosea 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the meaning of the illustration of Hosea's marriage. It is a very short chapter written in prose to show the truth of Israel's relationship with Yahweh. After bearing a number of children for Hosea, Gomer leaves him and prostitutes herself with other men, showing little to no regard for their marriage covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>This chapter contains a continuation of the metaphor played out in chapter 2. Hosea is told to go and buy his wife out of slavery. Gomer must have been captured and held as a slave due to her adulterous activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br>
50HOS31t4kg0Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteressThis refers back to [Hosea 1:2](../01/02.md). Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman.
51HOS31sa34translate-symaction0Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of IsraelBy loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
52HOS31rvb90they turn to other gods and love raisin cakesPeople ate raisin or fig cakes during festivals where they worshiped false gods.
53HOS32ik7l0fifteen pieces of silver and a homer and a lethek of barleyThis was the price to buy a slave.
54HOS34s5dq0For the people of Israel will live for many days without a king, prince, sacrifice, stone pillar, ephod or household idolsJust as Hosea lived without his wife because she committed adultery, Israel will live without a king and without worshiping God, because they committed idolatry.
55HOS35plr40in the last daysin the future
56HOS4introm65b0# Hosea 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lawsuits<br><br>Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metonymy<br><br>Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>
57HOS41k5fr0General Information:This chapter begins Yahweh's argument against the unfaithful Israelites.
58HOS41t2hufigs-metaphor0Yahweh has a lawsuit against the inhabitants of the landYahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59HOS41ste30lawsuitThis is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md).
60HOS43y9lx0So the land is drying upThis expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time.
61HOS43mp1u0wasting awaybecoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food
62HOS44xl630General Information:Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
63HOS44gz4e0lawsuita complaint by one person against another person in a court of law
64HOS44t69t0do not let anyone accuse anyone elseNo one should accuse another person of anything because everyone is guilty of something.
65HOS46qhc80General Information:In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UST, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7.
66HOS48j2qz0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
67HOS48ajz2figs-explicit0They feed on the sin of my peopleWhen people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68HOS48e3kkfigs-explicit0they are greedy for more of their wickednessThe priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
69HOS49lv380It will be the same for the people as for the priestsThe people and the priests will be punished in the same way
70HOS410y17j0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
71HOS410p57j0but not increasebut not have children
72HOS410az6x0they have gone far awayThe people have stopped worshiping and following God.
73HOS411da240Connecting Statement:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
74HOS411ql5tfigs-personification0sexual promiscuity, wine, and new wine, which have taken away their understandingThe people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent other people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
75HOS412b2e9figs-personification0their walking sticks give them propheciesIdol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
76HOS412mu4tfigs-metaphor0has misledhas convinced the people to sin (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77HOS413f8ym0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
78HOS414q3pu0sacred prostitutesThese were women who had sexual relations with men who came to worship certain idols. This was viewed as a sacred action in honor of the false gods.
79HOS414asb1figs-metaphor0So this people who does not understand will be thrown downYahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80HOS415n41g0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
81HOS415sei70may Judah not become guiltyGod knows how sinful Israel has become and does not want Judah to do the same thing.
82HOS415g1ti0Do not go to Gilgal, you people; do not go up to Beth AvenThe people of Judah are being warned not to go to the cities of Gilgal or Beth Aven to worship idols in those places. Gilgal was once a place where Yahweh had been worshiped, but it had become a place of idol worship.
83HOS415wj2ftranslate-names0Beth AvenThis was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
84HOS416vaf7figs-simile0like a stubborn heiferIsrael is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
85HOS417y9hs0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
86HOS418t2qi0her rulers dearly love their shameThe rulers are not ashamed of what they are doing when they worship idols and turn against Yahweh.
87HOS5introcz2x0# Hosea 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using the poetic form exclusively.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>The author uses Ephraim and Israel interchangeably. They both refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Judah is also mentioned and refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. Benjamin is part of the southern kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
88HOS51qy780Connecting Statement:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
89HOS51i4kftranslate-names0You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over TaborA snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90HOS52u6yj0in slaughterSome modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as standing for wickedness.
91HOS53ki2p0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
92HOS53vw9ufigs-simile0Ephraim, now you have become like a prostituteEphraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
93HOS54xz8q0for the mind of adultery is in themThis means they have the desire to be unfaithful to God. They want to worship idols.
94HOS54kub10they do not know YahwehIsrael no longer obeys Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge Yahweh as their God.
95HOS55iu6y0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
96HOS55px3dfigs-idiom0so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with themThe two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
97HOS57im5k0They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate childrenPossible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or 2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols.
98HOS57yu59figs-personification0Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fieldsThe people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
99HOS58uh2c0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Israel.
100HOS58ail1translate-names0Beth AvenThis was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
101HOS59n3pe0Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happenI will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared
102HOS510x6j70General Information:Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
103HOS510wbd7figs-metaphor0I will pour my wrath on them like waterYahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104HOS512jy1j0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
105HOS512z5lpfigs-simile0I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of JudahA moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
106HOS512y9bw0moth ... rotThese two terms are translated in various ways because the meaning of the Hebrew word is either very broad or it is uncertain.
107HOS513pf8ffigs-metaphor0When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his woundBoth Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108HOS514mxf10General Information:Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
109HOS514su9ffigs-simile0So I will be like a lion to EphraimYahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
110HOS514bpl6figs-simile0like a young lion to the house of JudahYahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
111HOS514rse70I, even IYahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all of his people.
112HOS514y54ffigs-metaphor0will tearAs a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113HOS515gc860I will go and return to my placeYahweh will leave his rebellious people.
114HOS6introxu4q0# Hosea 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using the poetic form to show how Yahweh will still show mercy to his wayward people, the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Gilead is an area in the northern kingdom of Israel where several of the tribes lived. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Change in speaker<br>There is a change in person from 6:1-3 to 6:4-11. In the first passage, the speaker is an anonymous Israelite, but in the rest of the chapter, the speaker is Yahweh.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Throughout the chapter, the author uses the metaphor of prostitution to say that his people have abandoned him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
115HOS61a6ue0Connecting Statement:The people of Israel confess their need to repent.
116HOS61u9yefigs-parallelism0he has torn us to pieces ... he has injured usGod has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
117HOS61ntx5figs-parallelism0he will heal us ... he will bandage our woundsIsrael believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
118HOS62yn3ufigs-idiom0After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third dayThis represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
119HOS63mk9bfigs-simile0His coming out is as sure as the dawnYahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
120HOS64e5w60Connecting Statement:Yahweh is speaking.
121HOS65kr95figs-simile0Your decrees are like the light that shines outHere the prophet Hosea is speaking to God. He may mean that when God gives the command for someone to die as punishment, it is like a bolt of lightning that strikes. Or he may mean that God's commandments allow people to know the truth, just as light makes objects visible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
122HOS65vv2v0Your decreesYahweh's commands
123HOS66r5ls0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
124HOS68cwt20General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
125HOS610k4360General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
126HOS610f2vh0Israel has become uncleanIsrael has become unacceptable to God because of her actions.
127HOS611hag40fortunesprosperity and security
128HOS7introyc440# Hosea 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Baking<br><br>Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel and Ephraim<br>This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel.<br>
129HOS71wc7w0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
130HOS71l8yqfigs-metaphor0I want to heal IsraelMaking Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131HOS71u93nfigs-explicit0for they practice deceitThe people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
132HOS71u8xl0marauding bandThis is a group of people who are attacking other people without cause.
133HOS72t9avfigs-metaphor0their deeds surround themThe people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134HOS73aq6w0General Information:Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk.
135HOS74ccn2figs-metaphor0They are all adulterersThe people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136HOS74pvh60kneading of the doughThis is a part of the process of making bread.
137HOS75h9ht0On the day of our kingThis is perhaps a festival held by the king.
138HOS75zte7figs-idiom0He reached out with his handThis probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
139HOS76h4zw0General Information:The court officials' plotting is described. Their anger is what motivates them to kill their king.
140HOS77b2nnfigs-simile0They all are as hot as an ovenThis compares their anger to the heat that comes from an oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
141HOS77z8nyfigs-metaphor0they devour those who rule over themThis seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
142HOS78a6qy0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
143HOS78lqx60Ephraim mixes himself among the peoplesThis is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom's kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack.
144HOS710i3230General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
145HOS711wu9bfigs-simile0Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without senseDoves were thought to be foolish birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
146HOS711jpu50Egypt ... AssyriaThese were powerful nations that Israel could ask for help.
147HOS712hur10General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
148HOS712jg68figs-metaphor0I will spread my net over themThis is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149HOS712c4zg0in their flocking togetherThis expression extends the metaphor of the birds.
150HOS714uda30General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
151HOS714jwr20they wail on their bedsIt was usual for idol worshipers to eat ceremonial meals while reclining on couches or beds.
152HOS715kf6zfigs-metaphor0Though I trained them and strengthened their armsThis may be a military metaphor, in which God training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153HOS716k39m0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
154HOS716r57afigs-simile0They are like a slack bowThat is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
155HOS81iyy70General Information:Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
156HOS82hq2r0know youare faithful to you
157HOS84hqd20General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
158HOS86y4fg0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
159HOS87hpc6figs-metaphor0For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwindTo sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
160HOS87m4n5figs-metaphor0If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour itIf any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161HOS88vk5d0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
162HOS89byr1figs-simile0like a wild donkey all alonePeople often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
163HOS811m4nc0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
164HOS813gmz30General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
165HOS813fl3w0They will return to EgyptBecause of their sin, God will send his people away as slaves to the Egyptians.
166HOS91fz5r0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
167HOS92f2gufigs-personification0But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed themThis describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168HOS92nt1h0the new wine will fail themThere will not be enough grape juice to make wine with.
169HOS93c8av0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
170HOS93sdu70Yahweh's landThis expression signals that Yahweh continues to view the land of Israel as his property, not the property of the Israelites.
171HOS93dgt9figs-metaphor0unclean foodThis is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172HOS94yxx60For their food will be for themselves only; it will not come into the house of YahwehThe people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice.
173HOS94n7e6figs-personification0it will not come into the house of YahwehThe unclean food is spoken of as if it were able to go places by itself. Of course, people actually had to take it with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
174HOS95nbi80General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
175HOS95vze5figs-parallelism0the day of an appointed festival ... the day of a festival for YahwehBoth of these mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
176HOS97j1km0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
177HOS97g5sufigs-parallelism0The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are comingHosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
178HOS97k43ufigs-parallelism0The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insaneThese phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
179HOS98s6hc0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
180HOS910hd750General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
181HOS910rt260When I found IsraelThis refers to when Yahweh first started his relationship with the people of Israel by claiming them as his own special people.
182HOS910hf2afigs-parallelism0it was like finding grapes in the wilderness. Like the very first fruit of the season on the fig treeBoth of these statements emphasize situations that are pleasing to a person. This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
183HOS910d3sntranslate-names0Baal PeorThis is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
184HOS911hbj90General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
185HOS912t5ypfigs-metaphor0when I turn away from themWhen God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186HOS913vx3t0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
187HOS915jgc20General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
188HOS915z8j70their officialsthe men who serve the king
189HOS916iyy30General Information:Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. Hosea begins speaking in verse 17.
190HOS916i7bgfigs-metaphor0Ephraim is diseased, and their root is dried up; they bear no fruitYahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
191HOS101px1g0General Information:Hosea is speaking about Israel.
192HOS101rq8zfigs-metaphor0Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruitIsrael is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
193HOS101z9ge0a luxuriant vineThis vine produces more fruit than normal.
194HOS101b9ev0As his fruit increased ... As his land produced moreBoth of these mean as the people prospered and grew stronger and richer.
195HOS103wu2z0General Information:Hosea is speaking about Israel.
196HOS104pk52figs-simile0like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a fieldTheir lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
197HOS105yyw70General Information:Hosea is speaking about Israel.
198HOS105ete5translate-names0Beth AvenThis was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
199HOS107ci5dfigs-simile0like a chip of wood on the surface of the waterThis means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
200HOS109qgp50General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
201HOS109v7l60days of GibeahThis is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/09.md).
202HOS1010gmp60General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
203HOS1010uf9g0double iniquityThis refers to the many sins of Israel.
204HOS1011bf8zfigs-metaphor0Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to threshA heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205HOS1011g2e20harrowa tool used to smooth the land and cover the seeds after plowing
206HOS1012uye70General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
207HOS1013q9asfigs-metaphor0You have plowed wickedness; you reaped injusticeWickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
208HOS1014yp1i0It will be as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel on a day of battleThe coming war is being compared to a battle long ago.
209HOS1014fc5ftranslate-names0ShalmanThis is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
210HOS1014ist7translate-names0Beth ArbelThis is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
211HOS11introb7ac0# Hosea 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using the poetic form to communicate about Yahweh's relationship to the northern kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor of Israel as a male child in the care of Yahweh, his parent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical question<br><br>Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to show his disappointment and anger at Israel's persistent rejection of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
212HOS111h8vd0General Information:Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child.
213HOS111w4nmfigs-metaphor0When Israel was a young manYahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214HOS113w3840General Information:Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel.
215HOS113mgr5figs-metaphor0it was I who taught Ephraim to walkYahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216HOS114wy1efigs-parallelism0I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of loveYahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
217HOS114e1wefigs-simile0I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jawsYahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
218HOS114j7cs0I bent down to them and fed themThis expression continues the metaphor in which Israel is pictured as a young child. It may mean that Yahweh provided for all their physical needs.
219HOS115h9l80General Information:Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
220HOS115ng27figs-rquestion0Will they not return to the land of Egypt?This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
221HOS115lp4bfigs-rquestion0Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me?The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
222HOS116kgr1figs-metonymy0destroy the bars of their gatesGates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
223HOS117e7fv0no one will help themYahweh will not allow anyone to help Israel because they turned away from him.
224HOS118ubx20General Information:Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
225HOS119que50For I am God and not a manGod is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge.
226HOS1110k7zh0General Information:Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people.
227HOS1110ge5vfigs-metaphor0They will follow YahwehWorshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
228HOS1110ct2qfigs-simile0he will roar like a lionYahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
229HOS1112i52h0General Information:Yahweh is talking about Israel and Judah.
230HOS1112mtk3figs-parallelism0Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceitLies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231HOS12introz7s40# Hosea 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jacob<br><br>There is a parallel between Jacob and the northern kingdom of Israel. In the same way that Jacob returned to Yahweh, the northern kingdom should repent of their idolatry and turn back to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br>
232HOS121k8wj0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
233HOS121g9zdfigs-metonymy0follows after the east windEast winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
234HOS121ij530carry olive oil to EgyptThe people of Israel sent olive oil as a present to the king of Egypt to try and persuade him to help them.
235HOS122evm4figs-metaphor0Yahweh also has a lawsuit against JudahYahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hosea 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236HOS122w5u60lawsuitThis is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md).
237HOS123dr1v0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the ancestor of the Israelites.
238HOS123v8bhfigs-explicit0In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heelJacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
239HOS124s9n9figs-explicit0He struggled with the angel and wonJacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240HOS125j2gg0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
241HOS126guk80Keep covenantal faithfulness and justiceThis refers to obeying God's law and doing what is right.
242HOS127h5jj0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel.
243HOS127n12e0false scalesThe merchants use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling.
244HOS127qvm90they love to defraudThe merchants cheat their customers by lying to them and taking more money than they should.
245HOS128bm7nfigs-parallelism0I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myselfThese two phrases mean the same thing and mean that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be very prosperous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
246HOS129p92t0General Information:Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
247HOS1211kqj80General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
248HOS1211h73rfigs-simile0their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fieldsThe altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
249HOS1213a79t0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
250HOS1213a8xe0by a prophetThat is, Moses.
251HOS1214v7cg0bitterlyThe anger that the people have caused in Yahweh is extremely great.
252HOS131u92j0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
253HOS132q78pfigs-explicit0These men who sacrifice kiss calvesPart of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
254HOS133jbj2figs-simile0So they will be like the morning clouds ... like the dew ... like the chaff ... like smoke out of a chimneyThese expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
255HOS134k7l10General Information:Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own.
256HOS135gbf10I knew you in the wildernessYahweh claimed the Hebrew people as his own special people, and he took care of them there.
257HOS136nkz80When you had pasture, then you became fullThe image of sheep is continued with this expression.
258HOS137x7c50General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
259HOS137tq4bfigs-simile0like a lion ... like a leopardThese are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
260HOS138y1e5figs-simile0as a bear ... as a lion ... as a wild beastThese are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
261HOS139jdv70General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
262HOS1310vd6rfigs-rquestion0Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me, 'Give me a king and princes'?Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
263HOS1312v1mf0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
264HOS1312d9c6figs-parallelism0Ephraim's iniquity has been stored up; his guilt has been stored upThese two phrases are similar and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
265HOS1312f96yfigs-metaphor0has been stored upThe northern kingdom's iniquity and guilt are spoken of as if they were objects that could be kept for a purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
266HOS1313ba82figs-metaphor0Pains of childbirth will come on himHere Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
267HOS1313b6hnfigs-metaphor0but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the wombYahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
268HOS1314yv5m0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
269HOS1315w2sd0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
270HOS1315r777figs-metaphor0his brothersThis expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
271HOS1315nj8nfigs-metaphor0an east wind will come; the wind of YahwehA wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
272HOS1315cy4jfigs-metaphor0Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no waterHosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
273HOS1315g7klfigs-metaphor0his storehouseThis refers to all of the peoples' possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
274HOS1316hb4l0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
275HOS14introbp7t0# Hosea 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>Why are confession and repentance even suggested here for a people that Yahweh has already condemned to be destroyed? It is because this is a teaching that Yahweh is a merciful God who loves his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Speaker<br>The use of first and second person in this chapter often signifies a change in speaker. In this chapter, Hosea is speaking to the northern kingdom to tell them that Yahweh loves them.<br>There are several places in this chapter where the writer switches from the third person to the second or the first person. This may cause some confusion about who is speaking.<br>
276HOS141x5ih0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
277HOS141e3jefigs-metaphor0for you have fallen because of your iniquitySinning is spoken of here as if it were falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278HOS143r5m50General Information:Hosea is speaking
279HOS143y9ak0the fatherless personThis expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God's enormous compassion for his people.
280HOS144j8i40General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
281HOS144x6kzfigs-metaphor0I will heal their turning awayStopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
282HOS144e5ggfigs-metaphor0their turning awayThe failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
283HOS145akq8figs-simile0I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lilyGod is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284HOS145s2kmfigs-simile0take root like a cedar in LebanonThe picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
285HOS146pa2ffigs-simile0His branches will spread out ... like the cedars in LebanonThis passage continues the same image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
286HOS147ia8e0General Information:Yahweh is speaking.
287HOS147z3a1figs-metaphor0The people who live in his shade will returnThe people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288HOS147e5fjfigs-simile0they will revive like grain and blossom like vinesIsrael's new prosperity is spoken of in agricultural terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
289HOS148as1ufigs-rquestion0what more have I to do with idols?This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
290HOS148v7m9figs-simile0a cypress whose leaves are always greenA cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
291HOS149sr4g0General Information:Hosea the prophet is speaking.
292HOS149rmk6figs-rquestion0Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them?The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
293HOS149y4upfigs-metaphor0For the ways of Yahweh are right, and the righteous will walk in themYahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
294HOS149ilu4figs-metaphor0stumbleDisobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])