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| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
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| 2 | TIT | front | intro | m2jl | 0 | # Introduction to Titus<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Titus<br><br>1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders (1:1-16)<br>1. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives (2:1-3:11)<br>1. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers (3:12-15)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Titus?<br><br>Paul wrote the Book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>### What is the Book of Titus about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. And he encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, ***Titus.*** Or they may choose a clearer title, such as ***Paul’s Letter to Titus*** or ***A Letter to Titus.*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### In what roles can people serve within the church?<br><br>There are some teachings in the Book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural **you**<br><br>In this book, the word **I** refers to Paul. Also, the word **you** is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What is the meaning of **God our Savior?**<br><br>This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him. And by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is **our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.** | |||
| 3 | TIT | 1 | intro | c7me | 0 | # Titus 01 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br><br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Should, may, must<br><br>The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way. | |||
| 4 | TIT | 1 | 1 | rtc9 | κατὰ πίστιν | 1 | for the faith | ***to strengthen the faith*** | |
| 5 | TIT | 1 | 1 | fyf8 | τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν | 1 | that agrees with godliness | ***that is suitable for honoring God*** | |
| 6 | TIT | 1 | 2 | r2gj | πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων | 1 | before all the ages of time | ***before time began*** | |
| 7 | TIT | 1 | 3 | b22h | καιροῖς ἰδίοις | 1 | at the right time | ***at the proper time*** | |
| 8 | TIT | 1 | 3 | swi9 | figs-metaphor | ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ | 1 | he revealed his word | Paul speaks of God’s word as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: ***He caused me to understand his message*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 9 | TIT | 1 | 3 | abc9 | ἐν κηρύγματι | 1 | by the proclamation | ***through the proclamation of the message*** | |
| 10 | TIT | 1 | 3 | m41u | figs-activepassive | ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ | 1 | that I was entrusted with | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: ***he entrusted to me*** or ***he gave me the responsibility to preach*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 11 | TIT | 1 | 3 | dpn4 | τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ | 1 | of God our Savior | ***of God, who saves us*** | |
| 12 | TIT | 1 | 4 | gu55 | figs-metaphor | γνησίῳ τέκνῳ | 1 | a true son | Though Titus was not Paul’s biological **son**, they share a common faith in Christ. Thus, in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. Alternate translation: ***you are like a son to me*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 13 | TIT | 1 | 4 | wx6c | κοινὴν πίστιν | 1 | our common faith | Paul and Titus both share the same faith in Christ. Alternate translation: ***the teachings that we both believe*** | |
| 14 | TIT | 1 | 4 | h93t | figs-ellipsis | χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη | 1 | Grace and peace | This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: ***May you experience kindness and peace within*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 15 | TIT | 1 | 4 | s3yr | Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν | 1 | Christ Jesus our Savior | ***Christ Jesus who is our Savior*** | |
| 16 | TIT | 1 | 5 | ew8h | τούτου χάριν | 1 | For this purpose | ***This is the reason*** | |
| 17 | TIT | 1 | 5 | lh9b | ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ | 1 | I left you in Crete | ***I told you to stay in Crete*** | |
| 18 | TIT | 1 | 5 | ga62 | ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ | 1 | that you might set in order things not yet complete | ***so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done*** | |
| 19 | TIT | 1 | 5 | b52u | καταστήσῃς…πρεσβυτέρους | 1 | ordain elders | ***appoint elders*** or ***designate elders*** | |
| 20 | TIT | 1 | 5 | p56w | πρεσβυτέρους | 1 | elders | In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers. | |
| 21 | TIT | 1 | 6 | wja4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul then gives the requirements for elders. | ||
| 22 | TIT | 1 | 6 | jen8 | εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος…ἀνήρ | 1 | An elder must be blameless | To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: ***An elder must be without blame*** or ***An elder must not have a bad reputation*** | |
| 23 | TIT | 1 | 6 | q6uy | figs-explicit | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | 1 | the husband of one wife | This means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. It may also imply that he does not commit adultery and that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: ***a man who has only one woman*** or ***a man who is faithful to his wife*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 24 | TIT | 1 | 6 | wd6q | τέκνα…πιστά | 1 | faithful children | Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy. | |
| 25 | TIT | 1 | 7 | lz7x | τὸν ἐπίσκοπον | 1 | the overseer | This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as **elder** in 1:6. | |
| 26 | TIT | 1 | 7 | g2zf | figs-metaphor | Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον | 1 | the household manager of God | Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 27 | TIT | 1 | 7 | d6l1 | μὴ πάροινον | 1 | not addicted to wine | ***not an alcoholic*** or ***not one who drinks much wine*** | |
| 28 | TIT | 1 | 7 | j1qq | μὴ πλήκτην | 1 | not a brawler | ***not one who is violent*** or ***not one who likes to fight*** | |
| 29 | TIT | 1 | 8 | i549 | ἀλλὰ | 1 | Instead | Paul changes his argument from describing what an elder is not to be, to describing what an elder is to be. | |
| 30 | TIT | 1 | 8 | vkq1 | φιλάγαθον | 1 | a friend of what is good | ***a person who loves what is good*** | |
| 31 | TIT | 1 | 9 | xwy6 | figs-metaphor | ἀντεχόμενον | 1 | He should hold tightly to | Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. Alternate translation: ***He should be devoted to*** or ***He should know well*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 32 | TIT | 1 | 9 | pzi1 | τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ | 1 | sound teaching | The Greek word rendered at **sound** normally refers to physical health. Paul speaks of this teaching as if it would cause those who believe it to be spiritually healthy, rather than spiritually sick. | |
| 33 | TIT | 1 | 10 | xsq9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Because of those that would oppose God’s word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God’s word and warns him about false teachers. | ||
| 34 | TIT | 1 | 10 | w9kk | ἀνυπότακτοι, ματαιολόγοι | 1 | rebellious, empty talkers | These are rebellious people who do not obey the gospel message. Here **empty** is a metaphor for useless, and **empty talkers** are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: ***people who refuse to obey and who say useless things*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
| 35 | TIT | 1 | 10 | ga6n | φρεναπάται | 1 | deceivers | This phrase describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: ***people who persuade others to believe things that are not true*** | |
| 36 | TIT | 1 | 10 | pu74 | figs-metonymy | οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς | 1 | those of the circumcision | This refers to the Christian Jews who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 37 | TIT | 1 | 11 | f4iy | οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν | 1 | It is necessary to stop them | ***Someone must prevent them from spreading their teachings*** or ***Someone must stop them from influencing others by their words*** | |
| 38 | TIT | 1 | 11 | aqi5 | ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν | 1 | They are upsetting whole households | **are ruining whole families.** The issue was that they were upsetting families by destroying their faith. This may have caused the members of the families to argue with one another. | |
| 39 | TIT | 1 | 11 | tw4e | διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ | 1 | teaching what they should not | These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true. | |
| 40 | TIT | 1 | 11 | at7c | αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν | 1 | for the sake of shameful profit | This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable. | |
| 41 | TIT | 1 | 12 | tr1j | τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης | 1 | One of their own prophets | ***A prophet from Crete itself*** or ***A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet*** | |
| 42 | TIT | 1 | 12 | y3zb | figs-hyperbole | Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται | 1 | Cretans are always liars | ***Cretans lie all the time.*** This is an exaggeration that means many Cretans lie a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 43 | TIT | 1 | 12 | h3jb | figs-metaphor | κακὰ θηρία | 1 | evil beasts | This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 44 | TIT | 1 | 13 | fif8 | δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως | 1 | Therefore, rebuke them severely | ***You must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them*** | |
| 45 | TIT | 1 | 13 | je3r | ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει | 1 | so that they may be sound in the faith | See note on **sound** in on [Titus 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: ***so they will have a healthy faith*** or ***so their faith may be true*** | |
| 46 | TIT | 1 | 14 | p28i | Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις | 1 | Jewish myths | This refers to the false teaching of the Jews. | |
| 47 | TIT | 1 | 14 | m4a5 | figs-metaphor | ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν | 1 | turn away from the truth | Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: ***reject the truth*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 48 | TIT | 1 | 15 | qtb9 | πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς | 1 | To those who are pure, all things are pure | ***If people are pure on the inside, everything they do will be pure*** | |
| 49 | TIT | 1 | 15 | nx42 | τοῖς καθαροῖς | 1 | To those who are pure | ***To those who are acceptable to God*** | |
| 50 | TIT | 1 | 15 | n3wk | figs-metaphor | τοῖς…μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν | 1 | to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure | Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: ***if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 51 | TIT | 1 | 16 | i3l2 | τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται | 1 | they deny him by their actions | ***how they live proves that they do not know him*** | |
| 52 | TIT | 1 | 16 | ja47 | βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες | 1 | They are detestable | ***They are disgusting*** | |
| 53 | TIT | 2 | intro | h3il | 0 | # Titus 02 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gender roles<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br><br>### Slavery<br><br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation. | |||
| 54 | TIT | 2 | 1 | lfu1 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers. | ||
| 55 | TIT | 2 | 1 | tpi2 | figs-explicit | σὺ δὲ λάλει ἃ πρέπει | 1 | But you, speak what fits | Paul implies what is in contrast. Alternate translation: ***But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers, be sure to say those things that fit*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 56 | TIT | 2 | 1 | ph2j | τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ | 1 | with sound teaching | See the note on [Titus 1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: ***with sound doctrine*** or ***with correct teachings*** | |
| 57 | TIT | 2 | 2 | xc6t | νηφαλίους εἶναι | 1 | are to be temperate | **are to be sober-minded*** or ***are to be self-controlled*** | |
| 58 | TIT | 2 | 2 | y3j2 | εἶναι…σώφρονας | 1 | are to be…sensible | ***are to…control their desires*** | |
| 59 | TIT | 2 | 2 | m14y | figs-abstractnouns | ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ | 1 | sound in faith, in love, and in perseverance | Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. The abstract nouns **faith,** **love,** and **perseverance** can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: ***and they must firmly believe the true teachings about God, truly love others, and continually serve God even when things are difficult*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 60 | TIT | 2 | 2 | abc1 | figs-abstractnouns | ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει | 1 | sound in faith | See note about **sound in faith** on [Titus 1:13](../01/13.md). |
| 61 | TIT | 2 | 2 | abc2 | ὑγιαίνοντας | 1 | sound | See note about **sound** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09.md). | |
| 62 | TIT | 2 | 3 | gl8e | πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως ἐν καταστήματι | 1 | Older women likewise are to be | ***In the same way, teach older women*** or ***Also teach older women*** | |
| 63 | TIT | 2 | 3 | abc3 | ὡσαύτως | 1 | likewise are to be | The verbal phrase **are to be** has been added for clarity in the English. | |
| 64 | TIT | 2 | 3 | v9cp | διαβόλους | 1 | slanderers | This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not. | |
| 65 | TIT | 2 | 3 | g9re | figs-metaphor | οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας | 1 | or being slaves to much wine | A person who cannot control themselves and drinks too much wine is spoken of as if the person were a slave to the wine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: ***and not drinking too much wine*** or ***and not addicted to wine*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 66 | TIT | 2 | 3 | abc4 | καλοδιδασκάλους | 1 | but to be teachers of what is good | The Greek word used here means ***a teacher of what is good***. The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. | |
| 67 | TIT | 2 | 4 | abc5 | φιλοτέκνους | 1 | lovers of their husbands | ***lovers of their own husbands*** | |
| 68 | TIT | 2 | 4 | abca | φιλοτέκνου | 1 | and lovers of their children | ***lovers of their own children*** | |
| 69 | TIT | 2 | 5 | abcb | ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν | 1 | and subject to their own husbands | ***and to obey their own husbands*** | |
| 70 | TIT | 2 | 5 | t5v6 | figs-activepassive | ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται | 1 | so that the word of God may not be insulted | **Word** here is a metonym for ***message,*** which in turn is a metonym for God himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: ***so that no one insults the word of God*** or ***so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 71 | TIT | 2 | 6 | i3hv | ὡσαύτως | 1 | In the same way | Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people. | |
| 72 | TIT | 2 | 7 | x73u | σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος | 1 | present yourself as | ***show yourself to be*** | |
| 73 | TIT | 2 | 7 | ym6x | τύπον καλῶν ἔργων | 1 | as an example of good works | ***as an example of one who does right and proper things*** | |
| 74 | TIT | 2 | 8 | xt6v | figs-hypo | ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ | 1 | so that the opponent may be ashamed | This presents an imaginary situation where someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: ***so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed*** or ***so that if people oppose you, they may be ashamed*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 75 | TIT | 2 | 9 | ntp7 | ἰδίοις δεσπόταις | 1 | their masters | ***their own masters*** | |
| 76 | TIT | 3 | 10 | abcc | ὑποτάσσεσθαι | 1 | are to be subject | ***must obey*** | |
| 77 | TIT | 2 | 9 | if6v | ἐν πᾶσιν | 1 | in everything | ***in every situation*** or ***always*** | |
| 78 | TIT | 2 | 9 | id15 | εὐαρέστους εἶναι | 1 | to be pleasing | ***to please their masters*** or ***to satisfy their masters*** | |
| 79 | TIT | 2 | 10 | abc6 | μὴ νοσφιζομένους | 1 | not to steal | ***not to steal from their masters*** | |
| 80 | TIT | 2 | 10 | t87j | πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν | 1 | to demonstrate all good faith | ***to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust*** | |
| 81 | TIT | 2 | 10 | h2n6 | ἐν πᾶσιν | 1 | in every way | ***in everything they do*** | |
| 82 | TIT | 2 | 10 | f8jy | τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν | 1 | they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior | ***they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive*** or ***they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good*** | |
| 83 | TIT | 2 | 10 | pn93 | τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ | 1 | God our Savior | ***our God who saves us*** | |
| 84 | TIT | 2 | 11 | y44u | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus’ coming and remember his authority through Jesus. | ||
| 85 | TIT | 2 | 11 | gp2z | figs-personification | ἐπεφάνη…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the grace of God has appeared | Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 86 | TIT | 2 | 12 | qy8k | figs-personification | παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς | 1 | training us | Paul speaks of the grace of God ([Titus 2:11] (./11.md)) as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 87 | TIT | 2 | 12 | lxb3 | τὴν ἀσέβειαν | 1 | godlessness | ***things that dishonor God*** | |
| 88 | TIT | 2 | 12 | n3k5 | τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας | 1 | worldly passions | ***strong desires for the things of this world*** or ***strong desires for sinful pleasures*** | |
| 89 | TIT | 2 | 12 | fk8j | ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι | 1 | in the present age | ***while we live in this world*** or ***during this time*** | |
| 90 | TIT | 2 | 13 | rz93 | προσδεχόμενοι | 1 | looking forward to receiving | ***waiting to welcome*** | |
| 91 | TIT | 2 | 13 | pss7 | figs-metonymy | τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ | Here **glory** represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: ***the good thing for which we hope, that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 92 | TIT | 2 | 14 | niu4 | figs-explicit | ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν | 1 | gave himself for us | This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: ***gave himself to die for us*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 93 | TIT | 2 | 14 | gxe7 | figs-metaphor | λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας | 1 | to redeem us from all lawlessness | Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 94 | TIT | 2 | 14 | fjy1 | λαὸν περιούσιον | 1 | a special people | A group of people that he treasures. | |
| 95 | TIT | 2 | 14 | ii18 | ζηλωτὴν | 1 | zealous for | ***who | |
| 96 | TIT | 2 | 15 | abc7 | παρακάλει | 1 | exhort | ***encourage them to do these things*** | |
| 97 | TIT | 2 | 15 | b94z | figs-explicit | ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς | 1 | rebuke with all authority | This statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: ***Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 98 | TIT | 2 | 15 | h15y | μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω | 1 | Let no one disregard you | ***Do not allow anyone to*** | |
| 99 | TIT | 2 | 15 | jbu1 | figs-explicit | σου περιφρονείτω | 1 | disregard you | This statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: ***refuse to listen to your words*** or ***refuse to respect you*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 100 | TIT | 3 | intro | zh6x | 0 | # Titus 03 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.<br><br>Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Genealogies<br><br>Genealogies are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could normally become king. They also showed from what tribe and family they came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. | |||
| 101 | TIT | 3 | 1 | y9tr | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete. | ||
| 102 | TIT | 3 | 1 | j2sa | ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς…ὑποτάσσεσθαι | 1 | Remind them to submit | ***Tell our people again what they already know, to submit*** or ***Keep reminding them to submit*** | |
| 103 | TIT | 3 | 1 | w3fy | ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν | 1 | to submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them | ***do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them*** | |
| 104 | TIT | 3 | 1 | wa9x | ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις | 1 | rulers and authorities | These words have similar meanings and are used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government. | |
| 105 | TIT | 3 | 1 | in7u | πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι | 1 | be ready for every good work | ***be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity*** | |
| 106 | TIT | 3 | 2 | lug7 | βλασφημεῖν | 1 | to revile | ***to speak evil of*** | |
| 107 | TIT | 3 | 2 | abc8 | ἀμάχους εἶναι | 1 | to be peaceful | ***to refrain from fighting*** | |
| 108 | TIT | 3 | 3 | m9zd | ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς | 1 | For once we also | ***This is because we ourselves were once*** | |
| 109 | TIT | 3 | 3 | me7b | ποτε | 1 | once | ***formerly*** or ***at some time*** or ***previously*** | |
| 110 | TIT | 3 | 3 | bl8e | ἡμεῖς | 1 | we | ***even we*** or ***we ourselves*** | |
| 111 | TIT | 3 | 3 | rrx9 | ἦμεν…ἀνόητοι | 1 | were foolish | ***were thoughtless*** or ***were unwise*** | |
| 112 | TIT | 3 | 3 | qt8f | figs-personification | πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις | 1 | We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures | Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: ***Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray*** or ***We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 113 | TIT | 3 | 3 | tl5n | ἐπιθυμίαις | 1 | passions | ***lusts*** or ***desires*** | |
| 114 | TIT | 3 | 3 | dec4 | figs-hendiadys | ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες | 1 | We lived in evil and envy | Here **evil** and **envy** are similar words for sin. Alternate translation: ***We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 115 | TIT | 3 | 3 | y5lp | στυγητοί | 1 | detestable | ***causing others to hate us*** | |
| 116 | TIT | 3 | 4 | ba5a | figs-personification | ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ | 1 | when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared | Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 117 | TIT | 3 | 5 | n4ug | κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος | 1 | by his mercy | ***because he had mercy on us*** | |
| 118 | TIT | 3 | 5 | k1a6 | figs-metaphor | λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας | 1 | the washing of new birth | Paul is probably speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 119 | TIT | 3 | 6 | fby9 | figs-metaphor | οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως | 1 | whom God richly poured on us | It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: ***whom God gave to us generously*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 120 | TIT | 3 | 6 | q9ze | διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν | 1 | through our Savior Jesus Christ | ***when Jesus Christ saved us*** | |
| 121 | TIT | 3 | 7 | di3g | figs-activepassive | δικαιωθέντες | 1 | having been justified | This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: ***since God has declared us to be without sin*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 122 | TIT | 3 | 7 | q1cm | figs-metaphor | κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου | 1 | we might become heirs according to the certain hope of eternal life | The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 123 | TIT | 3 | 8 | j8md | ὁ λόγος | 1 | This message | This refers to God giving the believers the Holy Spirit through Jesus in [Titus 3:7](../03/07.md). | |
| 124 | TIT | 3 | 8 | kqm6 | φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι | 1 | may be careful to engage themselves in good works | ***may seek to do good works*** | |
| 125 | TIT | 3 | 9 | tzh9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers. | ||
| 126 | TIT | 3 | 9 | j1hf | δὲ…περιΐστασο | 1 | But avoid | ***So avoid*** or ***Therefore, avoid*** | |
| 127 | TIT | 3 | 9 | xnf9 | μωρὰς…ζητήσεις | 1 | foolish debates | ***arguments concerning unimportant matters*** | |
| 128 | TIT | 3 | 9 | qk66 | γενεαλογίας | 1 | genealogies | This is the study of family kinship relationships. | |
| 129 | TIT | 3 | 9 | xu7f | ἔρεις | 1 | strife | arguments or fights | |
| 130 | TIT | 3 | 9 | ky3n | νομικὰς | 1 | about the law | ***about the law of Moses*** | |
| 131 | TIT | 3 | 10 | x3fh | αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον…παραιτοῦ | 1 | Reject a divisive person | ***Stay away from a person who causes division** | |
| 132 | TIT | 3 | 10 | xzx1 | μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν | 1 | after one or two warnings | ***after you have warned that person once or twice*** | |
| 133 | TIT | 3 | 11 | r7pc | ὁ τοιοῦτος | 1 | such a person | ***a person like that*** | |
| 134 | TIT | 3 | 11 | inh5 | figs-metaphor | ἐξέστραπται | 1 | has turned from the right way | Paul speaks of someone who makes errors as if he were leaving the path on which he had been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 135 | TIT | 3 | 11 | p81k | ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος | 1 | being self-condemned | ***bringing judgment on himself*** | |
| 136 | TIT | 3 | 12 | z7i4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him. | ||
| 137 | TIT | 3 | 12 | mba6 | ὅταν πέμψω | 1 | When I send | ***After I send*** | |
| 138 | TIT | 3 | 12 | c32w | translate-names | Ἀρτεμᾶν…Τυχικόν | 1 | Artemas…Tychicus | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 139 | TIT | 3 | 12 | knt1 | σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν | 1 | hurry to come | ***come quickly*** | |
| 140 | TIT | 3 | 12 | gdw9 | παραχειμάσαι | 1 | to spend the winter | ***to stay for the winter*** | |
| 141 | TIT | 3 | 13 | a46f | translate-names | Ζηνᾶν | 1 | Zenas | This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 142 | TIT | 3 | 13 | j496 | σπουδαίως πρόπεμψο | 1 | Diligently send on their way | ***Do not delay in sending*** | |
| 143 | TIT | 3 | 13 | s757 | καὶ Ἀπολλῶν | 1 | and Apollos | ***and also Apollos*** | |
| 144 | TIT | 3 | 14 | v7wg | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul explains why it is important to provide for the needs of Zenas and Apollos. | ||
| 145 | TIT | 3 | 14 | fw98 | οἱ ἡμέτεροι | 1 | our own | Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: ***our own people*** | |
| 146 | TIT | 3 | 14 | tn24 | εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας | 1 | toward essential needs | ***that enable them to help people who need important things*** | |
| 147 | TIT | 3 | 14 | mji4 | figs-doublenegatives | ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι | 1 | in order not to be unfruitful | Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. This double negative means they should be fruitful or productive. Alternate translation: ***in this way they will be fruitful*** or ***and so they will do good works*** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 148 | TIT | 3 | 15 | j3y2 | 0 | General Information: | Paul ends his letter to Titus. | ||
| 149 | TIT | 3 | 15 | k1sa | οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες | 1 | All those who are with me | ***All the people who are with me*** | |
| 150 | TIT | 3 | 15 | f4vc | τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει | 1 | those who love us in faith | Possible meanings are 1) ***the believers who love us*** or 2) ***the believers who love us because we share the same belief.*** | |
| 151 | TIT | 3 | 15 | kx83 | ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν | 1 | Grace be with all of you | This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: ***May God’s grace be with you*** or ***I ask that God will be gracious to all of you*** |