unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_61-1PE.tsv

79 KiB

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
21PE11g6b40General Information:Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing.
31PE11u3zcfigs-metaphorπαρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς1the foreigners of the dispersionPeter speaks of his readers as people who live away from their homes in many different countries. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41PE12a3gdκατὰ πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός1according to the foreknowledge of God the Fatheraccording to his own foreknowledge
51PE12z7dffigs-abstractnounsχάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη1May grace be to you, and may your peace increaseThis passage speaks of grace as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of peace as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61PE13y6aq0General Information:Peter begins to talk about the believers' salvation and faith. Here he elaborates on a metaphor in which what God promises to do for all believers is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he passes on to them.
71PE13c92yἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς1he has given us new birthhe has caused us to be born again
81PE14cy1gfigs-metaphorκληρονομίαν1inheritanceReceiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91PE14vr9sfigs-metaphorἄφθαρτον ... ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον1will not perish, will not become stained, and will not fade awayPeter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101PE17vvp1figs-metaphorἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως1This is for the proving of your faithIn the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111PE17ct3nτὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως1the proving of your faithGod wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
121PE17u63mτῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς ... δοκιμαζομένου1faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes, even though it is tested by fireFaith is more valuable than gold, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in fire.
131PE18eka3χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ1joy that is inexpressible and filled with glorywonderful joy that words cannot describe
141PE111x5x80Connecting Statement:Peter continues talking about the prophets' search for salvation.
151PE111r5jfἐραυνῶντες1They searched to knowThey tried to determine
161PE111w3n8τὸ ... Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ1the Spirit of ChristThis is a reference to the Holy Spirit.
171PE112xi4dεἰς ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι1into which angels long to lookthat angels want to understand
181PE113ut69figs-metaphorτὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν1the grace that will be brought to youHere God's way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
191PE120u7e3figs-metaphorφανερωθέντος ... δι’ ὑμᾶς1he has been revealed to youPeter does not mean that his readers actually saw Christ, but that they learned the truth about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201PE122hj14figs-metaphorἡγνικότες1pureHere the idea of cleanliness refers to being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211PE122j777φιλαδελφίαν1brotherly loveThis refers to love between fellow believers.
221PE123w4v3figs-metaphorἀναγεγεννημένοι, οὐκ ἐκ σπορᾶς φθαρτῆς, ἀλλὰ ἀφθάρτου1born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seedPossible meanings are that Peter speaks of the word of God either 1) as the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers or 2) as the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231PE123nh9rἀφθάρτου1imperishable seedseed that will not rot or dry up or die
241PE123tjq9figs-metonymyδιὰ λόγου ζῶντος Θεοῦ, καὶ μένοντος1through the living and remaining word of GodPeter speaks of God's word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose instructions and promises last eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
251PE124kyc50General Information:In these verses Peter quotes a passage from the prophet Isaiah relating to what he has just said about them being born of imperishable seed.
261PE125aba2τὸ ... ῥῆμα Κυρίου1the word of the Lordthe message that comes from the Lord
271PE21cch50Connecting Statement:Peter continues teaching his readers about holiness and obedience.
281PE22fn81figs-metaphorτὸ λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα1pure spiritual milkPeter speaks of the word of God as if it were spiritual milk that nourished children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291PE22ypy6figs-metaphorαὐξηθῆτε1growPeter speaks of believers advancing in knowledge of God and faithfulness to him as if they were children growing up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
301PE24sa2zfigs-metaphor0General Information:Peter begins to tell a metaphor about Jesus and the believers being living stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
311PE25z11hfigs-metaphor0You also are ... being built up to be a spiritual houseJust as people used stones to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321PE25g33xfigs-simileκαὶ αὐτοὶ ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες1You also are like living stonesPeter compares his readers to stones that are alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
331PE25i4bnfigs-metonymyἱεράτευμα ἅγιον ἀνενέγκαι πνευματικὰς θυσίας1a holy priesthood that offers the spiritual sacrificesHere the position of priesthood stands for the priests who fulfill its duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341PE26xsx8figs-metaphorλίθον, ἀκρογωνιαῖον1a cornerstoneThe prophet speaks of the Messiah as the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
351PE27ze1c0Connecting Statement:Peter continues quoting from the scriptures.
361PE27uu3jfigs-metaphorεἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας1the stone that was rejected ... has become the head of the cornerThis is a metaphor that means people, like builders, rejected Jesus, but God has made him the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
371PE29dc8m0General Information:In verse 10 Peter quotes a verse from the prophet Hosea. Some modern versions do not format this as a quote, which is also acceptable.
381PE29qk7fλαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν1a people for God's possessiona people who belong to God
391PE29ra7zἐκ ... ὑμᾶς καλέσαντος1who called you outwho called you to come out
401PE211jnr90General Information:Peter begins to talk about how to live Christian lives.
411PE212mkt40if they speak about you asif they accuse you of
421PE213c484διὰ τὸν Κύριον1for the Lord's sakePossible meanings are 1) that by obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities or 2) that by obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities.
431PE213al6qβασιλεῖ ὡς ὑπερέχοντι1the king as supremethe king as the highest human authority
441PE215mh6sἀγαθοποιοῦντας φιμοῦν τὴν τῶν ἀφρόνων ἀνθρώπων ἀγνωσίαν1in doing good you silence the ignorant talk of foolish peopleby doing good you stop foolish people from speaking about things that they do not know
451PE217gwy8τὴν ἀδελφότητα1the brotherhoodThis refers to all Christian believers.
461PE218w2nc0General Information:Peter begins to speak specifically to people who are servants in people's houses.
471PE219zm8e0endures pain ... because of his awareness of GodPossible meanings of the original passage are 1) that this person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God or 2) that this person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering.
481PE221c1jn0Connecting Statement:Peter continues speaking to people who are servants in people's houses.
491PE224k5fm0Connecting Statement:Peter continues talking about Jesus Christ. He is still speaking to people who are servants.
501PE224k632figs-rpronounsὃς ... αὐτὸς1He himselfThis refers to Jesus, with emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
511PE224zl8efigs-metonymyτὸ ξύλον1the treeThis is a reference to the cross on which Jesus died, which was made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
521PE225sgt9figs-simileἦτε ... ὡς πρόβατα πλανώμενοι1you had been wandering away like lost sheepPeter speaks about his readers before they believed in Christ as if they had been similar to lost sheep wandering around aimlessly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
531PE225i5lufigs-metaphorτὸν ποιμένα καὶ ἐπίσκοπον τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν1the shepherd and guardian of your soulsPeter speaks of Jesus as if he were a shepherd. Just as a shepherd protects his sheep, Jesus protects those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
541PE31p4540General Information:Peter begins to speak specifically to women who are wives.
551PE33p1bg0Connecting Statement:Peter continues speaking to women who are wives.
561PE36j1tpκύριον”, αὐτὸν καλοῦσα1called him her lordsaid that he was her lord, that is, her master
571PE36t3xlfigs-metaphorἧς ἐγενήθητε τέκνα1You are now her childrenPeter says that believing women who act as Sarah acted can be thought of as if they were her actual children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
581PE37lbc20General Information:Peter begins to speak specifically to men who are husbands.
591PE37f5ayὁμοίως1In the same wayThis refers back to how Sarah and other godly women obeyed their husbands in [1 Peter 3:5](../03/05.md) and [1 Peter 3:6](../03/06.md).
601PE37n4rffigs-metaphorσυνκληρονόμοις χάριτος ζωῆς1heirs of the grace of lifeEternal life is often spoken of as if it were something that people inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
611PE38nk970General Information:Peter begins to speak again to all of the believers.
621PE38rut5εὔσπλαγχνοι1tenderheartedbeing gentle and compassionate towards others
631PE310dpf2figs-explicit0General Information:In these verses Peter quotes from the Psalms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
641PE310p9blfigs-parallelismζωὴν ἀγαπᾶν, καὶ ἰδεῖν ἡμέρας ἀγαθὰς1to love life and see good daysThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the desire to have a good life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
651PE313wkw40Connecting Statement:Peter continues teaching the believers how to live Christian lives.
661PE315ju58δὲ ... ἁγιάσατε1Instead, set apartInstead of being troubled, set apart
671PE318me4u0Connecting Statement:Peter explains how Christ suffered and what Christ accomplished by suffering.
681PE318g1xdfigs-metaphorἵνα ὑμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ Θεῷ1so that he would bring us to GodPeter probably means here that Christ died in order to create a close relationship between us and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
691PE318n7nhΠνεύματι1by the SpiritPossible meanings are 1) by the Holy Spirit's power or 2) in a spiritual existence.
701PE322f6jqὑποταγέντων αὐτῷ1submit to himsubmit to Jesus Christ
711PE41b8d40Connecting Statement:Peter continues to teach the believers about Christian living. He begins by giving a conclusion to his thoughts from the previous chapter about Christ's sufferings.
721PE41ess6σαρκὶ1in the fleshin his body
731PE41d66gπέπαυται ἁμαρτίας1has ceased from sinhas stopped sinning
741PE42gbb6ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαις1for men's desiresfor the things that sinful people normally desire
751PE43rp5pκώμοις, πότοις1drunken celebrations, having wild partiesThese terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner.
761PE44q6k6τῆς ἀσωτίας ἀνάχυσιν1floods of reckless behaviorThese examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that sweep over people.
771PE44w1d8τῆς ἀσωτίας1reckless behaviordoing everything they can to satisfy the desires of their bodies
781PE46s72ffigs-euphemismκριθῶσι μὲν κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ1judged in the flesh as humansThis is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
791PE47e445πάντων ... τὸ τέλος1The end of all thingsThis refers to the end of the world at Christ's second coming.
801PE47ubd4figs-parallelismσωφρονήσατε ... καὶ νήψατε1be of sound mind, and be sober in your thinkingThese two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end of the world is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
811PE48x6acπρὸ πάντων1Above all thingsMost importantly of all
821PE49g3vwφιλόξενοι1Be hospitableShow kindness to and welcome guests and travelers
831PE411wq9eδοξάζηται1glorifiedpraised, honored
841PE412vw9sfigs-metaphorτῇ ἐν ὑμῖν πυρώσει πρὸς πειρασμὸν ὑμῖν γινομένῃ1the testing in the fire that has happened to youIn the same way that fire refines gold, trials test and refine a person's faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
851PE413mhj1ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ1at the revealing of his glorywhen God reveals Christ's glory
861PE414nx6pἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἀναπαύεται1is resting on youis staying with you
871PE415nr6nὡς ... ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος1a meddlerThis refers to a person who gets involved with the affairs of others without having a right to do so.
881PE417x9npfigs-metaphorοἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ1household of GodThis phrase refers to believers, whom Peter speaks of as God's family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
891PE417z9zcτί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων1what will be the outcome for thosewhat will happen to those
901PE418ms54ὁ ... ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται1what will become of the ungodly and the sinnerwhat will happen to the ungodly and the sinner
911PE5introa6d90# 1 Peter 05 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Most people in the ancient Near East would end a letter the way Peter ends this one.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Crowns<br><br>The crown that the Chief Shepherd will give is a reward, something that people who do something especially good receive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Lion<br><br>All animals are afraid of lions because they are fast and strong, and they eat almost every other kind of animal. They also eat people. Satan wants to make God's people afraid, so Peter uses the simile of a lion to teach his readers that Satan can harm their bodies, but if they trust in God and obey him, they will always be God's people, and God will care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>##### Babylon<br><br>Babylon was the evil nation that in Old Testament times had destroyed Jerusalem, taken the Jews away from their homes, and ruled over them. Peter uses Babylon as a metaphor for the nation that was persecuting the Christians he was writing to. He could have been referring to Jerusalem because the Jews were persecuting the Christians. Or he could have been referring to Rome because the Romans were persecuting the Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
921PE51s8fr0General Information:Peter speaks specifically to men who are elders.
931PE52a5s7figs-metaphorποιμάνατε τὸ ἐν ὑμῖν ποίμνιον τοῦ Θεοῦ1Be shepherds of God's flockPeter speaks of the believers as a flock of sheep and the elders as the shepherds who care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
941PE53lta9figs-metaphorμηδ’ ὡς κατακυριεύοντες τῶν κλήρων, ἀλλὰ τύποι γινόμενοι1Do not act as a master over the people ... Instead, be an exampleElders are to lead by example and not act toward the people as a harsh master would toward his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
951PE54c6h3τῆς δόξης1of gloryglorious
961PE55qm2h0General Information:Peter gives an instruction specifically to younger men and then continues to instruct all of the believers.
971PE55x6c2ὁμοίως1In the same wayThis refers back to the way the elders were to submit to the Chief Shepherd as Peter described in [1 Peter 5:1](../05/01.md) through [1 Peter 5:4](../05/04.md).
981PE55uh4nπάντες, δὲ1All of youThis refers to all believers, not just the younger men.
991PE58tl7ifigs-simileδιάβολος, ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος περιπατεῖ, ζητῶν τινα καταπιεῖν1the devil, is stalking around like a roaring lion ... looking for someone to devourPeter compares the devil to a roaring lion. Just as a hungry lion completely devours its prey, the devil is seeking to completely destroy the faith of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1001PE59i4urἐν τῷ κόσμῳ1in the worldin various places throughout the world
1011PE510eex10General Information:This is the end of Peter's letter. Here he gives his final remarks about his letter and his closing greetings.
1021PE510suu9ὀλίγον1for a little whilefor a short time
1031PE510lwz6ὁ ... καλέσας ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν ἐν Χριστῷ1who called you to his eternal glory in Christwho chose you to share his eternal glory in heaven because you are joined to Christ
1041PE510j2ntfigs-metaphorστηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει1establish you, and strengthen youThese two expressions have similar meanings, that is, that God will enable the believers to trust in him and to obey him regardless of any suffering they may experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1051PE512an6qδιὰ Σιλουανοῦ, ὑμῖν ... δι’ ὀλίγων ἔγραψα1I have written to you briefly through himSilvanus wrote the words that Peter told him to write in the letter.