unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_65-3JN.tsv

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23JNfrontintrokwv90# Introduction to 3 John<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 3 John<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1)<br>1. Encouragement and instructions to show hospitality (1:2-8)<br>1. Diotrephes and Demetrius (1:9-12)<br>1. Conclusion (1:13-14)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 3 John?<br><br>The letter does not give the name of the author. The author only identified himself as **The elder** (1:1). The letter was probably written by the Apostle John near the end of his life.<br><br>### What is the Book of 3 John about?<br><br>John wrote this letter to a believer named Gaius. He instructed Gaius to be hospitable to fellow believers who were traveling through his area.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, **_3 John_** or **_Third John_**. Or they may choose a clearer title, such as **_The Third Letter from John_** or **_The Third Letter John Wrote_**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is hospitality?<br><br>Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards foreigners or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. In 2 John, John discouraged Christians from showing hospitality to false teachers. In 3 John, John encouraged Christians to show hospitality to faithful teachers.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How does the author use family relationships in his letter?<br><br>The author used the terms **brother** and **children** in a way that can be confusing. The scriptures often used the term **brothers** to refer to Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to Christians. Also, John called some believers his **children**. These are believers he taught to obey Christ.<br><br>John also used the term **Gentile** in a way that could be confusing. The scriptures often used the term **Gentile** to refer to people who are not Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to those who did not believe in Jesus.
33JN11rni7figs-you0General Information:This is a personal letter from John to Gaius. All instances of **you** and **your** refer to Gaius and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
43JN11w99tfigs-explicitὁ πρεσβύτερος1The elderThis refers to John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as **elder** either because of his old age or because he is a leader in the church. The name of the author can be made explicit: “I, John the elder, am writing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
53JN11lls6translate-namesΓαΐῳ1GaiusThis is a fellow believer to whom John is writing this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63JN11mp9wὃν ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ1whom I love in truth**_whom I truly love_**
73JN12v6dvπερὶ πάντων…σε εὐοδοῦσθαι καὶ ὑγιαίνειν1everything for you to prosper and to be healthy**_you may do well in all things and be healthy_**
83JN12i269καθὼς εὐοδοῦταί σου ἡ ψυχή1just as your soul prospers**_just as you are doing well spiritually_**
93JN13b4zhἐρχομένων ἀδελφῶν1brothers came**_fellow believers came_**. These people were probably all male.
103JN13y7q3figs-metaphorσὺ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ περιπατεῖς1you are walking in truthWalking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “you are living your life according to Gods truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113JN14w79mfigs-metaphorτὰ ἐμὰ τέκνα1my childrenJohn speaks of those he taught to believe in Jesus as though they were his children. This emphasizes his love and concern for them. It could also be that he himself led them to the Lord. Alternate translation: “my spiritual children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123JN15vl130Connecting Statement:Johns purpose in writing this letter is to compliment Gaius in the way he took care of traveling Bible teachers; then he talks about two people, one evil and one good.
133JN15tmh1ἀγαπητέ1BelovedHere **Beloved** is used as a term of endearment for Gaius as a fellow believer.
143JN15gs6xπιστὸν ποιεῖς1you are doing a faithful thing**_you are doing what is faithful to God_** or **_you are being loyal to God_**
153JN15g4gzὃ, ἐὰν ἐργάσῃ εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ τοῦτο ξένους1whenever you work for the brothers, and this for strangers**_help fellow believers and those you do not know_**
163JN16wzf6οἳ ἐμαρτύρησάν σου τῇ ἀγάπῃ ἐνώπιον ἐκκλησίας1who have borne witness of your love in the presence of the churchThese words describe the **strangers** (verse 5). **_strangers who have told the believers in the church about how you have loved them_**
173JN16pb64καλῶς ποιήσεις, προπέμψας1You do well to send them on their journeyJohn is thanking Gaius for his normal practice of helping these believers.
183JN17d8y1figs-metonymyγὰρ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐξῆλθον1because they went out for the sake of the nameHere **the name** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
193JN17yzc8μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες1receiving nothingreceiving no gifts or help
203JN17hk3pτῶν ἐθνικῶν1the GentilesHere **Gentiles** does not just mean people who are not Jewish. It implies people who do not trust in Jesus.
213JN18d2l7ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ1so that we become fellow workers for the truth**_so that we will cooperate with them in announcing Gods truth to people_**
223JN18ab01figs-personificationτῇ ἀληθείᾳ1for the truth“The truth” is spoken of here as though it were a person that John, Gaius, and others worked for. It could mean (1) “the true message from God” as in the UST, or it could mean (2) “God, who is Truth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
233JN19tm9qτῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ1the churchThis refers to Gaius and the group of believers who met together to worship God.
243JN19cz9dtranslate-namesΔιοτρέφης1DiotrephesHe was a member of the congregation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
253JN19s82wὁ φιλοπρωτεύων αὐτῶν1who loves to be first among them**_who loves to be the most important one among them_** or **_who loves to act as though hes their leader_**
263JN19dp1vfigs-exclusiveἡμᾶς1usThe word **us** refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
273JN110f6qjλόγοις πονηροῖς φλυαρῶν ἡμᾶς1accusing us with evil words**_and how he says evil things about us that certainly are not true_**
283JN110wi6aαὐτὸς ἐπιδέχεται τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς1he does not receive the brothers**_did not welcome the fellow believers_**
293JN110it7pfigs-ellipsisτοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει1stops those who are willingThere are words left out but they are understood. Alternate translation: “stops those who want to welcome the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
303JN110g98bἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκβάλλει1puts them out of the church**_he forces them to leave the congregation_**
313JN111a3z8ἀγαπητέ1BelovedHere **Beloved** is used as a term of endearment for Gaius as a fellow believer. See how you translated this in [3 John 1:5](../01/05.md).
323JN111pv24μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν1do not imitate what is evil**_do not copy the evil things that people do_**
333JN111sz2hfigs-ellipsisἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν1but what is goodThere are words left out but they are understood. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
343JN111cm8tἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν1is from God**_comes from God_**
353JN111zan2figs-metaphorοὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν1has not seen God**_Seeing_** here is a metaphor that stands for knowing or understanding. Alternate translation: “has not known God” or “has not believed in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
363JN112pl7ifigs-activepassiveΔημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων1Demetrius is borne witness to by allThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
373JN112m22htranslate-namesΔημητρίῳ1DemetriusThis is probably a man whom John wants Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. He may be the person delivering this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
383JN112rad4figs-personificationὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας1by the truth itself**_the truth itself speaks well of him_**. Here **truth** is described as thoughj it were a person speaking. **Truth** here refers to **_the true message from God_**. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows he is a good person.” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
393JN112s712figs-ellipsisκαὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν1And we also bear witnessWhat John is confirming is implied and can be made specific here. Alternate translation: “And we also speak well of Demetrius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
403JN112a16afigs-exclusiveἡμεῖς1weHere **we** refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
413JN113v27c0General Information:This is the end of Johns letter to Gaius. He gives some final remarks and closes with a greeting.
423JN113am6kfigs-metonymyοὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν1I do not wish to write them to you with ink and penThis is a metonymy, **ink and pen** standing for the process of writing. John is not saying that he would write them with something other than ink and pen. He is saying that he does not wish to write these other things at all. Alternate translation: “I do not want to write about them to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
433JN114r8i4figs-idiomστόμα πρὸς στόμα1mouth to mouthHere **mouth to mouth** is an idiom, meaning **_in person_**. Alternate translation: “in person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
443JN115v8yjεἰρήνη σοι1Peace to you**_May God give you peace_**
453JN115mhs1ἀσπάζονταί σε οἱ φίλοι1The friends greet you**_The friends here greet you_**
463JN115lq8rἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους κατ’ ὄνομα1Greet the friends by name**_Greet each of the believers there for me_**