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Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note GLQuote front:intro nxz4 0 "# Introduction to Leviticus\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Leviticus\n\n1. Instructions to the Israelites about offerings (1:1–6:7)\n * Burnt offerings (1:1–17)\n * Grain offerings (2:1–16)\n * Fellowship offerings (3:1–17)\n * Offerings for unintentional sins (4:1–5:13)\n * Guilt offerings (5:14–6:7)\n2. Instructions to the priests about offerings (6:8–7:10)\n * Burnt offerings (6:8–13)\n * Grain offerings (6:14–23)\n * Purification offerings (6:24–30)\n * Guilt offerings (7:1–10)\n3. Further instructions to the Israelites (7:11–7:38)\n * Peace offerings (7:11–21)\n * Eating fat and blood is forbidden (7:22–27)\n * The portion for the priests (7:28–7:38)\n4. Setting apart the priests (8:1–10:20)\n * Aaron and his sons ordained (8:1–36)\n * Aaron as high priest (9:1–24)\n * Nadab and Abihu punished (10:1–20)\n5. Laws about clean and unclean things (11:1–15:33)\n * Clean and unclean food (11:1–47)\n * Women are purified after giving birth (12:1–8)\n * Skin, clothing, houses (13:1–14:47)\n * Bodily fluids (15:1–33)\n6. Day of Atonement; the place of the offering; the nature of blood (16:1–17:16)\n7. Setting apart for worship and service; being disqualified from service (18:1–24:23)\n8. The years of rest and release (25:1–55)\n9. Blessing for obeying and curses for not obeying (26:1–46)\n10. Gifts to God (27:1–34)\n\n### What is the book of Leviticus about?\n\nIn the book of Leviticus, God continues to give laws through Moses to the people of Israel. The people were to obey all of these laws to honor their covenant with God.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\n“Leviticus” means “about the Levites.” The Levites were the tribe of Israel that provided priests and other workers in the tabernacle. If the people in the project language do not understand the term “Levites,” you can call it “The Book about the Priests” or “The Book about the Tabernacle Workers.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Leviticus?\n\n### What is the meaning of “holy” and “holiness” in the book of Leviticus?\n\nThese terms concern separating someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use. God separated these people or things so they would belong only to him. The people were to consider as separate the places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way. The people could not use them for anything else. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone.\n\nAnyone or anything that was acceptable to God or “holy” was spoken of as if it were physically clean. In the same way, anyone or anything that was not acceptable to God or not holy was spoken of as if it were physically unclean.\n\nSome people and some things could be made clean or “cleansed,” that is, made acceptable to God. People or things were made clean if the people performed the appropriate sacrifices and ceremonies. For example, some foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh could be made clean. However, other people and things could never be made acceptable to him.\n\nIt is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for 33 days. Then the proper animal sacrifice would be offered for her. The monthly flow of blood made the woman unclean ([Leviticus 12:7](../../lev/12/07.md)). But Leviticus never suggests that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, God did not allow the Israelites to eat certain kinds of animals; this was one way of setting his people apart.\n\nBecause God does not sin, the terms “holy” and “holiness” often suggest this same idea. Something belonging to God is holy. Because people must respect God, they must respect the things that belong to him.\n\n### What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?\n\nOn 17 occasions, the phrase “The Lord said to Moses” (and sometimes Aaron) is used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently spoke to others. The verb “speak” is used 38 times.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What was the “tent of meeting”\n[TEXT]\n\n### Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?\n\nLeviticus shows that God is holy. That means God is very different from humanity and the rest of the created world. God does not sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being “cleansed.” The various kinds of sacrifices were meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people had to continue making animal sacrifices so that they would continue to be acceptable to God. This was a sign that pointed to a need for a better sacrifice. They needed a sacrifice that would cause them to be acceptable to God forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?\n\nPriests were individuals who went to God on behalf of the people. God authorized the priests to bring the Israelite’s sacrifices to himself.\n\n### How did the Israelite’s rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from rules of the other nations at that time?\n\nIt was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols. But, the other nations did other things to worship their false gods. For instance, people would sleep with prostitutes at the temple of their gods. They did this to try to persuade their gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Also, people of other nations would sometimes offer human sacrifices to their gods. The God of Israel did not allow his people to do these kinds of things.\n\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### “the sons of Aaron”\nAt the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were the “sons of Aaron.” But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. However, in chapters 8–10, only the literal sons of Aaron are in view, so the term “sons” would be appropriate there.\n\n### “To the face of Yahweh”\nThroughout the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, ""in the presence"" or ""sight of Yahweh"" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. You can translate this expression as “from Yahweh’s perspective,” “in Yahweh's presence,” or simply as “before Yahweh.”\n\n### “Unblemished” or “perfect”\nWhen the book of Leviticus calls something ""perfect"" (in the ULT), it refers to a sacrificial animal that is the best representative animal of that species. As such, the word ""perfect"" refers to wholeness, completeness, and perfection. This is often translated with negative terms like “unblemished.” If it would be more natural in your language, consider using terms that carry these same meanings. Alternate translation: “a whole male” or “a complete male” or “a healthy male” \n\n### What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?\nOil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something so God could accept them. Blood was also used to cleanse and purify people and things. This is because blood represented the life that needed to be shed in order for God to forgive people for sinning.\n\n### Why do many sections begin with the phrase “Yahweh said to Moses”?\nThis phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as “God told Moses.”" 1:intro ecv8 0 "#Leviticus 1 General Notes\n\n##Structure and Formatting\nIn Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word “And,” indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). This connection not only implies that the first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit; it also situates Leviticus in the narrative setting of the book of Exodus, during the thirteenth month of the Israelite's wandering in the wilderness of Sinai. \n\nThe first chapter of Leviticus is comprised of two hypothetical scenarios representing three variations of the burnt offering:\nThe Burnt Offering (1:1–17)\n- 1) a livestock animal ([1:2–13](../01/02.md))\n - a) a bovine ([1:3–9](../01/03.md))\n - b) a sheep or goat ([1:10–13](../01/10.md))\n- 2) a bird ([1:14–17](../01/14.md))\n\nAs such, the initial heading verse of each section begins with ""If"" and is followed by the prescribed steps of the sacrifice. Presumably, they are the same for each burnt offering, but more prescriptions are explicit for the first type of burnt offering, the bovine, probably because they are implied for the other two possible burnt offerings. The steps of the sacrificial process for burnt offerings are:\n\n- 1) Selecting a perfect, unblemished, and otherwise completely healthy animal ([1:3, 10, 14](../01/03.md))\n- 2) Presenting the animal at the entrance to the tent of meeting ([1:3](../01/03.md))\n- 3) Laying hands on the head of the animal ([1:4](../01/04.md))\n- 4) Killing the animal ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 5) Presenting and sprinkling the animal's blood on the altar ([1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md))\n- 6) Skinning the animal ([1:6](../01/06.md))\n- 7) Butchering the animal into its appropriate pieces, usually the head, fat, intestines, and legs ([1:6, 12, 16–17](../01/06.md))\n- 8) Putting fire on the altar and arranging the wood ([1:7](../01/07.md))\n- 9) Arranging the pieces, specifically the head and the fat, of the sacrifice over the burning wood of the altar ([1:8, 12](../01/08.md))\n- 10) Washing the legs and the intestines ([1:9, 13](../01/09.md))\n- 11) Burning the entire animal in a way that causes smoke to go up ([1:9, 13, 17](../01/09.md)\n\n##Special Concepts in this Chapter\nSeveral concepts are crucial for understanding the instructions in this chapter. They include: 1) technical sacrificial terminology, 2) atonement, 3) the importance of blood, and 4) the nature of symbolic action. \n\n###Technical sacrificial terminology\nThroughout the book of Leviticus, the author employs several terms that have a specialized technical meaning in the context of sacrifices or that are only used in this context. In this chapter, such terms are 1) the ""burnt offering"" and 2) the ""gift.""\n\n- 1) The “burnt offering”\nThe burnt offering was a particular sacrifice that could be offered by anyone for a variety of reasons. Its name is related to a verb that means ""to go up"" or ”to ascend,” suggesting that the sacrifice was to be converted into smoke by the fire and ascend to Yahweh in heaven, as the discussion on the verb phrase ""to cause to become smoke"" will suggest. Its function was to provide a sacrifice intended to bring about forgiveness for a wide variety of sins and unintentional mistakes that were not specifically covered by the other sacrifices discussed in the first seven chapters of Leviticus. The sacrifice required a perfect, male animal that would be completely burned on the altar over a fire that was to be kept burning continually (see [6:9–13](../06/09.md) for more details ). The sacrifice, when accepted by Yahweh, would provide ""atonement"" for the individual who offered it. \n\n- 2) The “gift” or “offering made by fire”\nThe word translated ""gift"" in [1:9, 13, and 17](../01/09.md) is variously translated in modern English versions, usually with reference to ”an offering made by fire,” based on the word's presumed relationship with the word for ”fire.” However, some of the sacrifices referred to by this word are not burned on the altar (like the portions of the sacrifices that belonged to the priests in [7:30, 35–36](../07/30.md)), and many sacrifices, such as the purification offering, that are burned on the altar are not referred to by this term. Instead, this term simply refers to a ""gift"" offered to Yahweh that consists of food items. While you may see the phrase ”fire offering” or ”offering made by fire” in modern English translations, we suggest that you retain the term ""gift."" \n\n###Atonement\nThe word translated ""atone"" in the ULT is a technical term expressing the act of atonement that was carried out by the priest but always accomplished by Yahweh. Traditionally, it has been understood as a metaphor with the basic meaning of “to cover,” but more recently, some scholars have understood it to express the image of “to wipe.” If the former is correct, then the metaphor pictures the blood of the sacrifice as covering up the defiling impurity caused by sin. If the latter is correct, then the metaphor pictures the blood of the animal as a sort of ritual detergent that cleanses the person or object from the defiling presence of sin's impurity. Either way, the sacrifice offered by the priest on behalf of the individual or community is accepted in order to restore the relationship between the individual or community and Yahweh that has been damaged or defiled because of sin. This is why so many of the instructions concerning sacrifice end with the mention of the forgiveness of sins, which was the means by which the relationship with Yahweh could be restored. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]). \n\n###The importance of blood \nIn Leviticus 1, the ""blood"" of the animal is collected and applied via sprinkling or splattering to the sides of the altar upon which the burnt offering is placed (see [1:5, 11, 15](../01/05.md)). This act, as explained above, has been variously understood, but pictures the blood as cleansing the altar from the effects of sin. Blood was able to cleanse sacred space and God's people from the impurities of sin because of its ability to accomplish atonement by means of ""the life"" of the animal (see ([17:10–12](../17/10.md)). Because the blood contained ""the life"" of the animal, Yahweh forbade the eating of any animal blood (see ([7:26–27](../07/26.md), ([17:10–14](../17/10.md), and ([19:26](../19/26.md)). \n\n###Ritual or symbolic action\nThree actions in this chapter and throughout Leviticus are symbolic in nature and picture important theological realities. \n\n- 1) The language of ""presenting"" throughout this chapter means not only bringing the sacrifice to the altar or to the priest, but also displaying the sacrifice ""to the face of Yahweh,"" that is, to Yahweh himself. This pictures the reality that these sacrifices were performed in the presence of Yahweh, literally in the vicinity of the sacred precincts where Yahweh lived among the Israelites while they were in the wilderness. \n\n- 2) This chapter features the symbolic act of laying one's hands on the head of the sacrificial animal. This action is linked to the acceptance of the animal as an appropriate sacrifice on the individual's behalf (see ([1:4](../01/04.md)). As a symbolic act, the laying of hands apparently identifies the individual with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed.\n\n- 3) The language of ""causing the sacrifice to become smoke on the altar"" pictures the sacrifice as being converted to smoke by the fire of the altar and arising to Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the pleasant aroma of the burning sacrifice. As such, the pleasant smell was either a sign that Yahweh approved the sacrifice and would atone for the individual's sins and forgive him, or it functioned as a necessary requirement for the acceptance of the individual's offering. \n\n##Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\nThis chapter includes three primary figures of speech that may prove difficult to translate but are important to understanding the chapter. These include 1) the phrase, ""to the face of Yahweh,"" 2) the phrase, ""a pleasing smell to Yahweh,"" and 3) the way of referring to the priests as ""the sons of Aaron."" \n\n###“To the face of Yahweh”\nThroughout this chapter and the book as a whole, the author of Leviticus uses the common idiom “to the face of Yahweh” as a metaphor that means “where Yahweh can see” or “in the sight” or “in the presence of Yahweh,” similar to the English preposition “before.” Sight, in turn, means attention, perspective, and judgment. In the context of Leviticus, ""in the presence"" or ""sight of Yahweh"" means to be within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, either in the sense of the location directly in front of the tent in which Yahweh resided (see [1:3, 12](../01/03.md)), or in the sense of being in the presence of Yahweh within the precincts of the tent of meeting (see [1:5](../01/05.md)). You can translate either sense of this expression as “in the presence of Yahweh"" or simply as ”before Yahweh.”\n\n###“Pleasing smell to Yahweh”\nAs mentioned previously, throughout this chapter, the priest is instructed to cause the sacrifice to become smoke on the altar. This refers to burning the sacrifice in a way that causes smoke to go up, picturing the sacrifice as being converted to pleasant-smelling smoke by the fire and arising to Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased. That the sacrifice was accompanied by the gift of the pleasant-smelling smoke of the sacrifice was apparently crucial to the acceptance of the offering as an appropriate sacrifice on the individual's behalf, as it is mentioned several times in this chapter (see [1:9, 13, 17](../01/09.md)). \n\n###""The sons of Aaron""\nThroughout Leviticus, but especially in this chapter, the priests are referred to by the expression ""the sons of Aaron."" Occasionally, the expression is ""the sons of Aaron, the priests"" (as in [1:5, 8, 11](../01/05.md)). Once in this chapter, the expression is altered to emphasize that it is Aaron who is the original priest, through the phrase ""the sons of Aaron"" (see 1:7](../01/07.md)). As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were the “sons of Aaron,” who was the first high priest. But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's descendants (with the exception of Leviticus chapters 8–10). Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use the term “descendants,” which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors.\n\n##Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\nIn addition to these important figures of speech, this chapter features several translation difficulties, including 1) the unclear referent of pronouns, 2) the switching between second and third-person address, 3) the use of a verb and a related noun (cognate-accusatives), 4) the use of a future form to indicate a request or command, and 5) the use of specific, technical sacrificial language. \n\n###The referent of the pronouns\nThroughout this chapter, the author of Leviticus uses a third-person pronoun to refer to both the individual who offers the sacrifices and to the priest who performs the sacrifice. As such, it is often difficult (but not impossible) to infer which party performs which actions. In general, the sacrifice is presented to the priest, but the individual who presents the sacrifice is responsible for killing, properly butchering, and presenting the portions of the sacrificial animal to the priest, who will then arrange them on the altar's fire. The only exception to this pattern can be found in the instruction for offering a bird ([1:14–17](../01/14.md)), which specifies that it is the priest who brings the bird to the altar ([1:14](../01/14.md)) before, presumably, completing the preparation for its being burned on the altar as a burnt offering. When there is ambiguity in which party is the proper referent of the pronoun, the notes will specify who is being referred to. \n\n###Second and third-person address\nThe entirety of chapters 1 through 7 are written as direct addresses to the people of God through Moses. As mentioned previously, chapter 1 describes two hypothetical scenarios when an individual might offer three variations of the burnt offering. However, the form of the verb used to refer to the individual in this chapter varies in the second verse ([1:2](../01/02.md)). Initially, Yahweh addresses ""a man from you"" in the third-person, but then switches to a second-person address (""you shall offer"") to indicate the imperatival force of the statement. The ensuing string of third-person verbs ([1:3–17](../01/03.md)) carry the same imperatival weight of the initial second-person verb. Thus, because in this chapter ""his"" and ""he"" refer to the person bringing an offering to Yahweh, it can be translated in the second person as it is in [1:2](../01/02.md) and as modeled by the UST. The pronoun used to refer to the individual who offers the sacrifice switches as follows:\n\n- Third-person: ”When a man from you, when he presents” ([1:2](../01/02.md))\n- Second-person: ”you shall present” ([1:2](../01/02.md))\n- Third-person: ”If his offering” ([1:3–17](../01/03.md))\n\nAs previously discussed, if the switch from third-person forms to second-person and back would be confusing in your language, consider using either the second or third-person forms throughout. The UST models use second-person forms for the entirety of this chapter, but the notes will often offer translation possibilities with third-person alternatives. \n\n###The use of a verb with a related noun (Cognate-accusatives)\nFor emphasis, the author of Leviticus often uses a verb with a related noun. In this chapter, the verb ""to present"" is related to the noun translated ""offering."" If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate in this context to repeat these words in a similar manner. \n\n###The use of a future form to indicate a command\nOften in this chapter and throughout the first seven chapters of Leviticus, a future form will be used to indicate a command or instruction. For example, Lev 1:2 says, ""you shall present your offering.” This is equivalent to saying, ""you should present” or ”you must present.” Throughout these chapters, these forms could be translated with a modal form, as the UST models, or simply with an imperative or instruction form. \n" 1:1 y78a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד 1 The author of Leviticus is using the possessive to describe Yahweh's **meeting** with Moses (and, by extension, the whole people) within the physical location of the **tent.** If this is not clear in your language, you could use an adjective that better describes the locale of divine presence. Alternative translation: “from the tent where Yahweh met with Moses and lived among the Israelites” from the tent of meeting 1:1 zbz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 1:1-2 rivr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵאמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel and to say to them” saying & Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them 1:2 l7kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that Moses is to deliver the following speech to the people of Israel. (The speech makes up the first seven chapters of the book.) If your language does not use repetition for emphasis, you could use a single phrase and convey the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Make sure you say to the people of Israel” Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them 1:2 o3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 This expression speaks of the people of Israel in the time of Moses as if they were literally the **sons** of Israel. It means that they are the physical and spiritual descendants of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” the sons of Israel 1:2 jqkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Although the word translated **sons** is masculine and plural, it has a generic sense that applies to both men and women. In your translation, you may wish to use a term that is clearly inclusive of men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” the sons of Israel 1:2 fjhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, here and throughout the book, the author of Leviticus uses a future form to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these verbs using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “and say” and you shall say 1:2 yiq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֗ם כִּֽי־יַקְרִ֥יב מִכֶּ֛ם 1 Although the word translated **A man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “When one of you presents” or “When someone presents” A man from you, when he presents 1:2 aps3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אָדָ֗ם & מִכֶּ֛ם & תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ אֶת־קָרְבַּנְכֶֽם׃ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address to them. Here and throughout the book, if it would be helpful in your language, you could either (1) use the second person in your translation. Alternate translation: “One of you Israelites ... you shall present your offering” or (2) use the third person in your translation. Alternate translation: “An Israelite ... he shall present his offering”\n A man from you, & you shall present your offering 1:2 gmsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מִכֶּ֛ם & תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ אֶת־קָרְבַּנְכֶֽם׃ 1 The words **you** and **your** here are plural. These words apply to the entire Israelite community. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. from you, & you shall present your offering 1:2 dlfh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry יַקְרִ֥יב & קָרְבָּ֖ן 1 The word **presents** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. he presents an offering 1:2 kqu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה & הַבָּקָר֙ & הַצֹּ֔אן 1 The expressions **the livestock**, **the cattle**, and **the flock** do not refer to specific groups of animals. They describe any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his livestock … his cattle … his flock” the livestock— & the cattle & the flock 1:2 uwp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה 1 The word translated **livestock** refers generally to land animals as opposed to birds or fish. In the context of Leviticus, it refers specifically to domesticated bovines, sheep, goats, and all other animals used for commercial and agrarian purposes, including work and food. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “from the animals he is raising” from the livestock 1:2 fp0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ 1 The word translated **cattle** refers to a subgroup of the word translated **livestock**. It describes a group of bovines—whether cows, bulls, or oxen. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “either from his bovines” from the cattle 1:2 zd59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּמִן־הַצֹּ֔אן 1 The word translated **flock** refers to a subgroup of the word translated **livestock**. It describes a group of sheep or goats. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “or from his sheep or goats” or from the flock 1:2 a09b תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ 1 Alternate translation: “you must present” you shall present 1:3 bgfy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ & יַקְרִיבֶ֑נּוּ & יַקְרִ֣יב 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The ULT translates with the noun **offering** and the verb **present**. Your language may have comparable terms that you can use in your own translation. his offering {& he shall present it, & he shall present 1:3 dek9 זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “he shall present a perfect male” he shall present it, a perfect male 1:3 tdgu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים 1 "As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the phrase **a perfect male** here refers to a male bovine that is an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “an unblemished male” or ""a male without blemish""" a perfect male 1:3 ds3f rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יַקְרִיבֶ֑נּוּ אֶל־פֶּ֝תַח אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ יַקְרִ֣יב אֹת֔וֹ לִרְצֹנ֖וֹ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The word translated **for** indicates the goal or purpose for offering a sacrifice in the manner prescribed here. If it would be more natural in your language, you could put the last of these phrases first, since the last phrase gives the reason for the actions that the first two phrases describe. Alternate translation: “in order for Yahweh to consider the offering acceptable, he shall present a perfect male at the entrance of the tent of meeting”\n he shall present it, a perfect male. At the entrance of the tent of meeting he shall present it for its acceptance to the face of Yahweh 1:3 l23i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִרְצֹנ֖וֹ 1 The word translated **its** could refer to (1) the offering. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the animal” or (2) the worshiper. Alternate translation: “for the acceptance of the one offering the animal” for its acceptance 1:3 wwof rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, in contexts such as this, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “where Yahweh can see” and, by extension, “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh’s judgment.” Alternate translation: “from Yahweh’s perspective” or “in Yahweh's judgment” or “before Yahweh” to the face of Yahweh 1:3 r66a 1 Alternate translation: “But the rest of the meat and bread” 1:4 n7j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַ֣ךְ יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “And he shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering. He should do this to ritually place his sins on the animal” And he shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering 1:4 el3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִרְצָ֥ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will accept it” And it shall be accepted 1:4 mygh rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו 1 The words **in order to** introduce the purpose of the animal's acceptance as an appropriate sacrifice. Use an expression in your language that makes it clear that what follows is the purpose. in order to make atonement for him 1:4 rvk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו 1 For the metaphors potentially lying behind the idea of **atonement**, refer back to the General Introduction to Leviticus. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **atonement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to restore him to a relationship with Yahweh” in order to make atonement for him 1:5 bs53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־בֶּ֥ן הַבָּקָ֖ר 1 The expression **son of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this animal as **the son of the cattle** because it is a male animal that shares the distinguishing qualities characteristic of the class of bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bull” or “the bovine” the son of the cattle 1:5 fgym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in Yahweh's presence” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 1:5 sudx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, the priests literally were **the sons of Aaron**. But the instructions in the book also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants” (with the exception of Leviticus chs. 8–10). Here and throughout the book, if it would be clearer in your language, in your translation you could generally use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and to their successors. the sons of Aaron 1:5 qcc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠הִקְרִיבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן הַֽכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֶת־ הַדָּ֔ם 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal, the sons of Aaron, the priests, will present the blood to Yahweh” And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall present the blood 1:5 d5hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְזָרְק֨וּ אֶת־הַדָּ֤ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ סָבִ֔יב אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד 1 The act of splashing **the blood** on the sides of **the altar** is a ritual action. The blood of the animal, being its life (see [Leviticus 17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed against the side of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “and they shall splash the blood all around on the holy altar that is at the entrance of the tent of meeting in order to keep the altar clean from sin” and they shall splash the blood all around on the altar that {is at} the entrance of the tent of meeting 1:6 u7di rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִפְשִׁ֖יט 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the person making the offering. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make the subject explicit. You could also keep using a second-person pronoun if you have been doing that. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall skin” And he shall skin 1:6 cshr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖הּ לִנְתָחֶֽיהָ 1 The author of Leviticus assumes his audience will know what portions of the animal constituted **its pieces**. These would have included, but perhaps not been limited to, the legs and entrails, as [1:9](../01/09.md) suggests. If the phrase **its pieces** would not be clear in your context, consider listing what pieces these are. Alternate translation: “and he shall cut it into its appropriate portions, removing the legs and entrails” and he shall cut it into its pieces 1:6 h71g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְנִתַּ֥ח אֹתָ֖הּ לִנְתָחֶֽיהָ׃ 1 This expression is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that come from the same root. The word **cut** translates a verb that comes from the same root as the noun **pieces**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. and he shall cut it into its pieces 1:7 tm1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֠נָתְנוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֵ֖שׁ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 The expression to **give fire on the altar** means “to put a fire on top of the altar.” It may mean that the priests were to place hot coals on the altar and perhaps kindling, on top of which they would place the wood. If the phrase **give fire** does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an expression in your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron the priest will light a fire on the altar” And the sons of Aaron the priest shall give fire on the altar 1:7 o3og rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֖שׁ & הָאֵֽשׁ׃ 1 Here, the word **fire** represents the coals that produce fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “burning coals ... those burning coals” or “live coals ... those live coals” fire & the fire 1:8 egek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־הַפָּ֑דֶר 1 The term **fat** refers to suet, that is, the hard, lumpy fat that surrounds the kidneys and liver of sheep, goats, and bovines. If your language has a word for this portion of fatty tissue, consider using it here.\n\n and the suet 1:9 y5xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְקִרְבּ֥וֹ וּכְרָעָ֖יו יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 It might seem that the expression **and he shall wash its innards and its legs with water** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And he shall wash its innards and its legs”\n And he shall wash its innards and its legs with water 1:9 b3s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִרְחַ֣ץ 1 The pronoun **he** could refer either to the worshiper or to the priest. But given that every other reference to the priest has been explicit, it is likely that it refers to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit or continue using the same second-person pronoun used thus far. Alternate translation: “the one offering the sacrifice shall wash”\n he shall wash 1:9 f91i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִרְחַ֣ץ 1 The implication seems to be that the worshiper must **wash** the innards and legs before the priest arranges them on the wood, as [1:8](../01/08.md) describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice shall wash” he shall wash 1:9 tnez rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַכֹּל֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 The act of burning the offering in such a way that it rises as smoke allows for the sacrifice to go up to Yahweh in heaven, where he would then smell the smoke and be pleased. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause everything on the altar to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” And the priest shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar 1:10 e4nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַצֹּ֨אן & מִן־הַכְּשָׂבִ֛ים א֥וֹ מִן־הָעִזִּ֖ים 1 The expressions, **the flock**, **the lambs**, and **the goats**, do not refer to specific groups of animals. They describe any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from his flock, whether from his sheep or from his goats” from the flock— from the lambs or from the goats 1:10 xwnf rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns זָכָ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated the expression **a perfect male** in [1:3](../01/03.md). Alternate translation: “an unblemished male” or “a male without blemish” a perfect male 1:11 k2uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 1:11 uqy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְזָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 See how you handled the symbolic action involving the **blood** in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash its blood on the altar all around 1:12 q6a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְנִתַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall cut it” And he shall cut it 1:12 zxh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְנִתַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ לִנְתָחָ֔יו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:6](../01/06.md). And he shall cut it into its pieces 1:12 cmv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־הָֽעֵצִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֔שׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 See how you translated the word **fire** in [1:7](../01/03.md). on the wood that {is} on the fire that {is} on the altar 1:13 bky3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 See how you translated the expression **wash with water** in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “he shall wash thoroughly” he shall wash with water 1:13 cztr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַקֶּ֥רֶב וְהַכְּרָעַ֖יִם יִרְחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 The implication seems to be that the worshiper must **wash** the **innards** and **legs** before the priest arranges them on the altar, as [1:12](../01/12.md) describes. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Before the priest arranges the pieces, the one offering the sacrifice shall wash the innards and legs with water” And the innards and the legs he shall wash with water 1:13 mf7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 The act of burning the offering in such a way that it rises as smoke depicts the sacrifice as going up to Yahweh in heaven, where he would then smell the smoke and be pleased. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” and he shall cause {them} to become smoke on the altar 1:13 hpef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 The pronoun **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar” and he shall cause {them} to become smoke on the altar 1:14 kfag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הָע֛וֹף & מִן־הַתֹּרִ֗ים א֛וֹ מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַיּוֹנָ֖ה 1 The expressions **from the birds**, **from the turtledoves**, and **from the sons of the pigeon** do not refer to specific birds, that is, to a specific group of turtledoves or pigeons. Rather, these expressions describe any birds (that is, any turtledoves or pigeons) that an Israelite might own or be able to purchase for sacrifice. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from his birds … from his turtledoves or from his pigeons” from the birds {& from the turtledoves or from the sons of the pigeon 1:14 c42w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִן־בְּנֵ֥י הַיּוֹנָ֖ה 1 The expression **sons of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. The author of Leviticus uses this phrase to describe a group of birds as **the sons of the pigeon** since they were birds that shared the essential qualities of that class of birds. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the pigeons” from the sons of the pigeon 1:15 sggt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to rise depicts the sacrifice as going to God in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause it to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” and he shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar 1:15 kk8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּמָלַק֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous and could refer to either the worshiper or **the priest**. However, because it is explicitly **the priest** who brings the bird to the altar before it is sacrificed and prepared for burning, it is likely that throughout this verse and the next one, the pronoun **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall twist off its head” and he shall twist off its head 1:15 v06b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 As the previous note explains, the pronoun **he** refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and that same priest shall cause everything to become smoke on the altar” and he shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar 1:15 etrw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 The object that is to be burned on the altar is not specified. However, because the blood has not yet been removed from the bird and the burning of blood is expressly forbidden in Leviticus, it seems likely that the supplied pronoun **it** here refers to **the head** of the bird. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and he shall cause the head that he removed to become smoke on the altar” and he shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar 1:15 sur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִמְצָ֣ה דָמ֔וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest shall drain its blood” And its blood shall be drained 1:16 x2cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהֵסִ֥יר 1 The pronoun **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall remove” And he shall remove 1:16 zqs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ מֻרְאָת֖וֹ 1 A **craw** is a pouch in a bird’s throat where pre-digested food is stored. If your language has its own term for this anatomical feature, consider using that word here. If not, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the bird’s throat pouch” its craw 1:16 x63v rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜הּ 1 The word **it** refers to the **craw**, but since the worshiper is supposed to **throw it beside the altar** along with the **feathers**, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural pronoun “them,” as modeled by the UST. and he shall cast it 1:16 of8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִשְׁלִ֨יךְ אֹתָ֜הּ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous, but appears to continue the action taken by **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the priest shall cast it” and he shall cast it 1:16 zb2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מְק֖וֹם הַדָּֽשֶׁן 1 The **place of the fatty ashes** is the specified spot where the priest would dump the ashes that had accumulated from previous sacrifices, along with the rendered fat from the altar. If your language has a technical term for such a place, consider using it here. If not, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the spot where the ashes and the burnt fat are dumped” or “the location where the ashes and the burnt fat are dumped” the place of the fatty ashes 1:17 zxzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְשִׁסַּ֨ע אֹת֣וֹ 1 Given the action taken by the priest in [1:15-16](../01/15.md), the pronoun **he** likely refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall tear it open” And he shall tear it open 1:17 ua00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns לֹ֣א יַבְדִּיל֒ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous but likely refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest shall not divide it” he shall not divide {it 1:17 bxu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֨יר אֹת֤וֹ הַכֹּהֵן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאֵ֑שׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause it to become smoke on the altar, on the wood that is on the fire, and ascend towards God in heaven” And the priest shall cause it to become smoke on the altar, on the wood that {is} on the fire 2:intro t6wy 0 "# Leviticus 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering. The **and** of 2:1 indicates that the instructions of Lev 1 are continuing. Yahweh continues telling Moses how the people should offer sacrifices. In outline form, the structure of the chapter can be displayed as follows: \n\n- 1) The Grain Offering (2:1–16)\n - I. Offerings of Raw Flour (2:1–3)\n - II. Offerings that are Baked, Pan-fried, or Deep-fried (2:4–10)\n - i. Baked (2:4)\n - ii. Pan-fried on the Griddle (2:5–6)\n - iii. Deep-fried in a Pan (2:7)\n - iv. Instruction for Offering (2:8–10)\n - III. Instructions regarding Leaven, Honey, and Salt (2:11–13)\n - i. Prohibition against burning leaven or honey (2:11–12)\n - ii. Prescription for including salt (2:13)\n - IV. Offerings of Grains (2:14–16)\n\n##Translation Issues in this Chapter\n### The number and person of pronouns\nIn the address to the Israelites, the author of Leviticus is known for abuptly switching the person, number, and occassionaly gender, of pronouns and verbal forms that refer to the person offering sacrifices. In chapter 1, it was suggested that any third-person singular pronouns that refer to the worshiper (and not to the priest) could be changed to second-person plural pronouns, based on the nature of the direct address and the presence of a second-person plural pronoun in [1:2](../01/02.md) and several times in the current chapter.\n\nThe pronouns referring to the worshiper switch person, gender, and number frequently. Verses 1–3 address the worshiper with a third-person singular pronoun. This swiches to the second-person, singular pronoun in 2:4–8. The worshiper is addressed in the third-person in verse 8, but verse 11 marks a shift to the second-person, this time in the plural. The plural pronouns continue throughout verses 11 and 12, but the author of Leviticus swtiches back to the second-person singular from verse 13 to the end of the chapter.\n\n1. Third-Person (2:1–3)\n- ""...when a person [third-person, feminine singular] presents..."" (2:1)\n- ""...his [third-person, masculine singular] offering..."" (2:1)\n- ""...and he [third-person, masculine singular] shall pour ..."" (2:1)\n- ""...and he [third-person, masculine singular] shall put..."" (2:1)\n- ""...and he [third-person, masculine singular] shall bring..."" (2:2)\n\n\n2. Second-Person (2:4–8)\n- ""And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..."" (2:4)\n- ""And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..."" (2:5)\n- ""Piece [second-person, singular imperative] it..."" (2:6)\n- ""...and you [second-person, masculine singular] shall pour..."" (2:6)\n- ""And if your [second-person, masculine singular] offering..."" (2:7)\n- ""And you [second-person, masculine singular] shall bring..."" (2:8)\n\n\n3. Third-Person (2:8–10)\n- ""And he [third-person, masculine singular] shall present..."" (2:8)\n\n\n4. Second-Person (2:11–15)\n- ""Any grain offering that you [second-person, masculine plural] present..."" (2:11)\n- ""...you [second-person, masculine plural] shall not cause to become smoke..."" (2:11)\n- ""You [second-person, masculine plural] shall present..."" (2:12)\n- ""...your [second-person, masculine singular] grain offerings..."" (2:13)\n- ""...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall salt..."" (2:13)\n- ""...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall not omit..."" (2:13)\n- ""...the covenant of your [second-person, masculine singular] God..."" (2:13)\n- ""...your [second-person, masculine singular] offerings..."" (2:13)\n- ""...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall present..."" (2:13)\n- ""And if you [second-person, masculine singular] present..."" (2:14)\n- ""...you [second-person, masculine singular] shall present..."" (2:14)\n- ""...your [second-person, masculine singular] first ripe grains..."" (2:14)\n- ""And you [second-person, masculine singular] shall put..."" (2:15)\n- ""...and you [second-person, masculine singular] shall place..."" (2:15)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\nThis chapter introduces several key concepts that are relevant to proper translation, including the sacrifice of the **grain offering**, including the offering of **flour**, **oil**, and **incense**, the concept of the **memorial portion**, and the identification of **yeast** and **leaven**. \n\n### Grain offering\nThe **grain offering** was a specialized sacrifice consisting of an offering of harvest grain, usually wheat or barley. The grain offering sometimes accompanied the burnt offering (see [14:20](../14/20.md)), but it is unclear whether the grain offering provided atonement by itself, or whether it could only accomplish atonement when presented with the burnt offering or as a substitute for the purification offering for those who could not afford the animals required for that sacrifice (see [5:11–13](../05/11.md)). In any case, the grain offering could be offered ”dry“ (that is, not mixed with olive oil, see [7:10](../07/010.md)) or mixed with olive oil, or it could be baked in an oven or prepared in a griddle or pan. If the offering of grain was something baked in an oven, the prescribed offering consisted of a **loaf of unleavened bread** that had been made by kneading the flour with olive oil or a **wafer** that had been copiously covered in olive oil (see [2:4](../02/04.md)). Alternatively, grain offerings could be prepared by pan-frying the flour and olive oil on a **griddle** ([2:5](../02/05.md)) or deep-frying the flour and olive oil in a **pan** ([2:7](../02/07.md)). Furthermore, crushed portions of fresh grain that had been roasted with fire constituted an acceptable grain offer (see [2:14–16](../02/14.md)). A portion of the offering was crumbled and completely burned on the altar, resulting in pleasant-smelling smoke that rose to Yahweh in heaven. The remainder of the grain offering, however, belonged to the priests and the male descendants of Aaron for food (see [2:3, 10](../02/03.md) and [7:14–18](../07/14.md)). \n\n### Flour\nThe term translated **flour** in the ULT and **wheat flour** in the UST is the agricultural product made from the production of wheat grains (see [Exodus 29:2](../exo/29/02.md), and [2 Kings 7:16](../2ki/07/16.md), where is it contrasted with barley). However, according to some rabbinic sources, the precise commodity referred to in this chapter and elsewhere in Leviticus is the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed. Since “flour” would connote the fine powder that falls through the sieve, what remains is more accurately called “grits” or “semolina” (see [1 Kings 5:2](../1ki/05/02.md), where “grits” or “semolina” is contrasted with “flour”). However, since this culinary term is not present in many cultures, the term “flour” has been retained. We suggest that you use in your translation whatever word your language has to describe the large chunks of crushed grains that remain in the sieve after the grains have been dried, winnowed, and crushed. \n\n###Oil\nThe term translated **oil** in the ULT and **olive oil** in the UST refers to the agricultural product made from crushing large quantities of olives into a fine, smooth oil. This oil was used for cooking and baking (see [2:4–7](../02/04.md)) and for providing fuel for lanterns (see [Exod 35:8, 14–15](../exo/35/08.md)), but also retained symbolic importance as a way of anointing and dedicating sacred object (see [Genesis 28:18](../gen/28/18.md)), priests (see [Exodus 29:7](../exo/29/07.md) and [Leviticus 8:12, 30](../08/12.md) and [Leviticus 21:10](../21/10.md)), and kings (see [1 Samuel 10:1](../1sa/10/01.md) and [1 Sam 16:13](../1sa/16/13.md)). In this chapter, in addition to being present in most of the grain offerings, olive oil was presented with the grain offering in whatever form it took. \n\n###Incense\nScholarly sources suggest that the substance that was burned in ritual spaces for its fragrance was an expensive fragrant gum-resin tapped from three species of the Boswellia tree native only to southern Arabia (see Jer 6:20) and Somaliland. The burning of this substance was required with all grain offering, regardless of the manner of their preparation. Apparently, because both grain offerings and animal offerings provided a pleasing aroma to Yahweh, the addition of incense with the grain offering was to distinguish them from the animal sacrifices or burnt offerings (see chapter 1. Whereas the olive oil was to be poured all over the grain offerings, the incense was to be “placed” on top of it, apparently in a large lump. Then the raw flour (or other kind of grain offering) would be mixed together with the olive oil and the lump of incense in the priest’s hand as he took a large handful ([2:2](../02/02.md)). These ingredient would then be completely burned on the altar and converted into pleasant-smelling smoke, which, when it went up to Yahweh, would “please” Yahweh and so mark the completion of an acceptable sacrifice. \n\n###The memorial portion\nThe **memorial portion** of the grain offering refers to the portion that the priest designates will be burned completely on the altar as a sacrifice to Yahweh, as opposed to the portion which will remain over as food for the priests to eat. In the offering was raw flour, the priest would lift out a handful of the flour, mixed with olive oil, and all the incense that was place on it. If the offering was baked, pan-fried, or deep-fried, the priest would take a portion and crumble it on the altar. These portions that were designated to be burned on the altar constituted the **memorial protion** As such, this portion represented the entire offering by being completely burned on the altar. \n\n### Yeast and leaven\nIn Leviticus 2, the word **leaven** refers to a lump of dough made from flour and other common ingredients, usually salt and oil, that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. The term **yeast** refers to the microscopic organism consisting of single oval cells that reproduce by budding and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the ancient world, **yeast** was a common household raising agent used in the baking of bread. However, because store-bought, commercial yeast in the form of a dried, deactivated culture that is routinely added to individual batches of dough is a modern invention, the ULT has chosen the less anachronistic term **leaven culture**. This term reflects the slow process of growing wild, naturally occurring yeast from a single, small batch of dough, forming a **leaven** that would be added to other larger batches of dough. The wild yeast in the **leaven** would multiply and fill the rest of the larger batch of dough until the entire batch was considered ”leavened.”\n\nIn Leviticus, grain offerings, whether baked or fried, that were made using **leaven** or included **leaven culture** were expressly forbidden to be burned on the altar, along with grain offerings made with honey. Instead, as Lev 2:12 expresses, grain offerings that included either **leaven culture** or **honey** could be offered as firstfruit offerings that were not burned on the altar. Eating or baking with **leaven** is proscribed during the events of the first Passover in Egypt before the Exodus and, specifically, during the annual festival of Unleavened Bread (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]). Yahweh informs Moses that the practice of excluding **leaven** and **leaven culture** from one's diet should serve as a ”sign” and ”memorial” to the people of Israel that reminds them of God's mighty acts of salvation in the Exodus and encourages them to obey his commandements. (See Exodus 13:5-10). It should be noted that it was not always unlawful to eat food products made with **leaven** or **leaven culture**, but that the proscription only applied during special feasts and holidays associated with the Exodus." 2:1 dk2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ 1 Here a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **presents** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **offering**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. And a person, when he presents an offering of a grain offering to Yahweh, his offering 2:1 c9yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה & קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. And a person, when he presents an offering of a grain offering to Yahweh, his offering 2:1 oa9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תַקְרִ֞יב 1 The word translated as **a person** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. Alternate translation: “And when one of you presents” or “And when someone presents” And a person, when he presents 2:1 djff rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֤ן מִנְחָה֙ 1 The expression **a grain offering** refers to a sacrifice that consists of grain products, usually dried wheat or barley. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of offering or this type of agricultural produce, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an offering of dried wheat or barley produce” an offering of a grain offering 2:1 te9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative סֹ֖לֶת יִהְיֶ֣ה קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְיָצַ֤ק עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְנָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖יהָ לְבֹנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction discusses, Leviticus often uses future statements to give instructions or commands. If it would be helpful in your language, here and throughout the book you could translate these future statements using command or instruction forms. Alternate translation: “his offering should be flour. And he should pour oil on it, and he should put incense on it” his offering shall be flour. And he shall pour oil on it and he shall give incense to it 2:1 tf2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סֹ֖לֶת 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the term translated **flour** refers to the food product made from grinding roasted and dried grains of wheat. Here, **flour** could mean: (1) the finely ground grain that falls through a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “fine wheat flour” or (2) the large lumps of crushed grain that remain on top of a sieve when sifted. Alternate translation: “wheat semolina” flour 2:1 hdh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שֶׁ֔מֶן 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, **oil** here refers to the agricultural product made from pressing ripe olives. If your language has a specific word for this term, consider using it here. oil 2:1 v7wo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַ֥ן עָלֶ֖יהָ לְבֹנָֽה׃ 1 The expression **he shall give incense to it** is an idiom that means to place or put incense on top of the grain offering. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he shall put incense on it” and he shall give incense to it 2:1 x1p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְבֹנָֽה 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **incense** refers to an expensive, fragrant gum resin tapped from specific trees. It would be routinely burned in ritual settings, such as grain offerings, for its fragrance. If your language has a word for this kind of religious item, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “a lump of frankincense” incense 2:2 b2x5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וֶֽהֱבִיאָ֗הּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the grain offering, that is, the mixture of oil and wheat flour with the lump of incense, that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the mixture of flour, oil, and incense” And he shall bring it 2:2 fxgx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹן֮ 1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron” the sons of Aaron 2:2 z8gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְקָמַ֨ץ מִשָּׁ֜ם מְלֹ֣א קֻמְצ֗וֹ 1 Here a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **grab** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **handful**. The use of related words adds clarity to the statement. If your language can use related words for clarity and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. and he shall grab from there, {with} the fullness of his handful 2:2 ufqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְקָמַ֨ץ 1 The pronoun **he** is ambiguous in the context and could refer either to **the priest** or the worshiper. However, based on the description in [2:9](../02/09.md), it is likely that **he** refers to **the priest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall grab” and he shall grab 2:2 zyrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִסָּלְתָּהּ֙ וּמִשַּׁמְנָ֔הּ עַ֖ל כָּל־לְבֹנָתָ֑הּ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the grain offering that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “some of the flour and oil of the grain offering and all of the incense on it” some of its flour and some of its oil, in addition to all its incense 2:2 jwx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” And the priest shall cause its memorial portion to become smoke on the altar 2:2 gdy0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֶת־ אַזְכָּרָתָהּ֙ 1 The pronoun translated **its** refers to the grain offering that [2:1](../02/01.md) describes. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the memorial portion of the grain offering” its memorial portion 2:3 uf6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 Here, the phrase **a holy thing of holy things** uses the possessive form to describe an offering that should be considered even more holy than those offerings that are also called **holy**; it is set apart for the special use of the priests. If this form would not express the idea of unique holiness in your language, consider a more generic way to express this idea. Alternate translation: “a most holy offering” or “an exceptionally holy offering” a holy thing of holy things 2:3 dtv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 In this possessive form, **Yahweh** is the object rather than the subject of **gifts**. That is, this does not mean gifts that Yahweh gives, it means gifts that are given to Yahweh. Alternative translation: “from the gifts that people offer to Yahweh” from the gifts of Yahweh 2:4 ggpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְכִ֥י תַקְרִ֛ב קָרְבַּ֥ן מִנְחָ֖ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [2:1](../02/01.md). And when you present an offering of a grain offering 2:4 q954 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תַקְרִ֛ב 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, to this point the author of Leviticus has been using third-person singular pronouns. In this verse, the author of Leviticus starts using second-person singular pronouns. If you have been using the third-person pronouns and the switch to the second-person pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the third-person pronouns in your translation. you present 2:4 q6ll rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 The term **baked item** may seem like a passive verbal form that your language would not use. If so, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an item that you baked in the oven” or, in the third person: “an item that a person baked in the oven” a baked item of the oven 2:4 i7vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַאֲפֵ֣ה תַנּ֑וּר 1 In the world of ancient Israel, an **oven** was a cylindrical object likely made of clay or rock. A wood fire was lit under or at the bottom portion of the oven, and the resulting heat would bake the dough inside. If your readers would not be familiar with what an oven is, you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture or you could use a general expression. a baked item of the oven 2:4 t9ee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֥ים בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ס\n 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you shall mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil or you shall anoint unleavened wafers with oil” or, in the third person, “he shall mix flour of unleavened loaves with oil or he shall anoint unleavened wafers with oil” flour of loaves of unleavened bread {shall be} mixed with oil or wafers of unleavened bread {shall be} anointed with oil 2:4 jr21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession סֹ֣לֶת חַלּ֤וֹת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן 1 This possessive form describes **flour** that has been kneaded and formed into **loaves** that, once baked, would consist of **unleavened bread**. If your language would not use a possessive form in this way, you could express the same meaning in another way. Alternative translation: “flour that you have mixed with oil and shaped into unleavened loaves” or, in the third person, “flour that he mixed with oil and shaped into unleavened loaves” flour of loaves of unleavened bread {shall be} mixed with oil 2:4 nj1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת 1 This **wafer** was a thin, cracker-like cake made from wheat flour. If your language has a word for a breaded loaf of this kind, consider using it here. or wafers of unleavened bread 2:5 ha7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְאִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering on the griddle** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if that would be helpful in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you have prepared on a griddle” or, in the third person, “And if his offering is a grain offering that he has prepared on a griddle” And if your offering {is} a grain offering on the griddle 2:5 qg9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת 1 This **griddle** was a thick but shallow plate made of either clay or metal that was placed over a fire. The dough was placed on the shallow plate; the heat from the fire would cook or lightly fry or toast the dough on top of the plate. If your readers would not be familiar with what a griddle is, in your translation, you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. the griddle 2:5 pk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you shall mix flour with oil and then shape it into unleavened loaves” or, in the third person “he shall mix flour with oil and then shape it into unleavened loaves” flour shall be mixed with oil {into} unleavened bread 2:6 jmbo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָהּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The word **piece** translates a verb that comes from the same root as the noun **pieces**. The use of related words adds clarity and emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. Piece it {into} pieces 2:6 bq8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פָּת֤וֹת אֹתָהּ֙ פִּתִּ֔ים 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the grain offering, whether baked in an oven (see [2:4](../02/04.md)) or cooked on a griddle (see [2:5](../02/05.md)). It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Place either kind of grain offering into pieces” Piece it {into} pieces 2:7 b7fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְאִם־ מִנְחַ֥ת מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ 1 The phrase **a grain offering of a pan** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be helpful in your language. Alternate translation: “And if your offering is a grain offering that you have prepared in a pan” or, in the third person, “And if his offering is a grain offering that he has prepared in a pan” And if your offering is a grain offering of a pan 2:7 l1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 The word **pan** refers to a plate of metal or clay with rounded edges, possibly with a lid. This plate was deeper than the **griddle** described in [2:5](../02/05.md), and, as a result, the dough was placed into the pan and cooked over a hot fire in the oil, resulting in something like deep-frying. If your readers would not be familiar with what a pan is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. a pan 2:7 s232 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive סֹ֥לֶת בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן תֵּעָשֶֽׂה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should prepare flour with oil” or, in the third person, “he should prepare flour with oil” flour shall be made with oil 2:8 m5r9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהֵבֵאתָ֣ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵאֵ֖לֶּה לַיהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **to Yahweh** refers to bringing the sacrifice to the altar that was located inside the tent of meeting. Because of the altar's proximity to the Holy of Holies where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, bringing the offering to the altar was considered bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And you shall bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” or, in the third person, “And he shall bring the grain offering that is made from these things to the altar that is inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” And you shall bring the grain offering that is made from these to Yahweh 2:8 vy42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵעָשֶׂ֛ה מֵאֵ֖לֶּה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that you made from these” or, in the third person, “that he made from these” that is made from these 2:8 bcuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מֵאֵ֖לֶּה 1 The phrase **from these** could mean: (1) the ingredients described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “from these ingredients” or (2) the methods described in [2:4-7](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “in these ways” from these 2:8 j9l1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְהִקְרִיבָהּ֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus switches from using second-person singular pronouns to using a third-person singular pronoun. If you have been using the second person in your translation and the switch to the third person would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use the second person here. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person pronouns, you could continue to do so here. And he shall present it 2:9 ofof rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and he shall burn it on the altar and cause it to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven” and he shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar 2:10 d8iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “a most holy offering” or “an exceptionally holy offering” a holy thing of holy things 2:10 c6hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [2:3](../02/03.md). Alternative translation: “from the gifts that people offer to Yahweh” from the gifts of Yahweh 2:11 r3y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ הַמִּנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א תֵעָשֶׂ֖ה חָמֵ֑ץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not present to Yahweh any grain offering that you have made with leaven” or, in the third person, “He shall not present to Yahweh any grain offering that he has made with leaven” Any grain offering that you present to Yahweh shall not be made {with} leaven 2:11 n7g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תַּקְרִ֨יבוּ֙ & לֹֽא־תַקְטִ֧ירוּ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, at this point Leviticus starts using second-person plural forms. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer grain offerings at the altar located at the entrance to the tent of meeting. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms, you could continue to do so throughout this chapter. you present & you shall not cause to become smoke 2:11 ldsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חָמֵ֑ץ & שְׂאֹר֙ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **leaven** refers to a combination of flour and water (and sometimes salt or oil) that contains a live **leaven culture** as its raising agent in the form of wild, natural yeast. If your readers would not be familiar with leaven or leaven culture, in your translation you could use the names of comparable substances in your culture, or you could use general expressions. Alternate translation: “with yeast … yeast” or “with a natural raising agent … natural raising agent” with} leaven; & leaven culture 2:11 gjrt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 The word translated **for** indicates that what follows is the reason or grounds for what came before. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider using a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “For this reason” for 2:11 dwkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns מִמֶּ֛נּוּ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה 1 The pronoun **it** refers to a **grain offering** that is designated to be burned on the offering as a sacrifice to Yahweh and, thus, will be considered a **gift** to Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent of the pronoun explicit. Alternate translation: “from such a grain offering that you present as a gift to Yahweh” or, in the third person, “from such a grain offering that people present as a gift to Yahweh” from it, a gift to Yahweh 2:12 mmz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖ם לַיהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md), possibly using a verb and a noun that come from the same root in your language. You shall present them to Yahweh {as} an offering of first {things 2:12 b9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ אֹתָ֖ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to grain offerings that are prepared with leaven or honey, as described in [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “You may offer grain offerings made with leaven or honey” or, in the third person, “Anyone may offer grain offerings made with leaven or honey” You shall present them 2:12 ko94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קָרְבַּ֥ן רֵאשִׁ֛ית 1 The expression **offering of first things** refers to a grain offering that consists of the best produce of the first harvest of a particular crop. If your language and culture have a word for this concept, consider using it here, or consider using a general term. as} an offering of first {things 2:12 s2hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֥חַ לֹא־יַעֲל֖וּ לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹֽחַ׃ 1 When Leviticus says of grain offerings that contain leaven or honey, **on the altar they will not go up**, it means that the Israelites should not give them to the priests to burn on the altar in a way that causes smoke from **the altar** to go up to Yahweh in heaven. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the priests shall not burn them on the altar in a way that causes them to become smoke and go up to Yahweh in heaven as a pleasant smell” but on the altar, they shall not go up as a pleasing smell 2:13 ekv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry בַּמֶּ֣לַח תִּמְלָח֒ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **you shall salt** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **salt**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. you shall salt with salt 2:13 gjig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תִּמְלָח֒ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Leviticus uses second-person singular forms in this verse and for the rest of the chapter. If you have been using second-person plural forms in your translation and switching to singular forms would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use plural forms in your translation. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms throughout, you could consider using these forms in your translation. you shall salt 2:13 hl5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֶ֚לַח בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ 1 When Leviticus speaks of **the salt of the covenant of your God**, given the parallel expression **covenant of salt** in [Numbers 18:19](../num/18/19.md), the implication seems to be that the use of **salt** on grain offerings should remind the Israelites of Yahweh's **covenant**, likely because of salt’s association with preservation and, by extension, permanence. You can indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the salt that preserves food and so should remind you of the binding and permanent nature of God’s covenant with you” the salt of the covenant of your God 2:14 lg2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרִ֖ים & אֵ֖ת מִנְחַ֥ת בִּכּוּרֶֽיךָ׃ 1 A **grain offering of first ripe grains** was an offering that consisted of the first harvest of ripened grains, whether wheat or barley. If your language and culture have a term for this portion of the harvest, consider using it here. If not, you could use a general expression. The UST models one way to do that. a grain offering of first ripe grains & of & a grain offering & your first ripe grains 2:14 hq1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אָבִ֞יב קָל֤וּי בָּאֵשׁ֙ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a tender ear that you have roasted over a fire” a tender ear roasted with fire 2:14 b2l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָבִ֞יב 1 Here, **a tender ear** refers to an intermediate stage, between fruitless stalks and fully ripened ears, in the growth of wheat or barley grain. If your culture and language have a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. a tender ear 2:14 xgvx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גֶּ֣רֶשׂ כַּרְמֶ֔ל 1 Here, **crushed grain** refers to harvest grain, whether wheat or barley, that has been roughly crushed into large lumps. If your culture and language have a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “groats of a ripe ear” crushed grain & a ripe ear, & of 2:14 tzyl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּרְמֶ֔ל 1 Here, **a ripe ear** refers to the freshly ripened ear of wheat or barley grain. If your culture and language has a word for this stage of grain ripening, consider using it here. a ripe ear 2:15 jaa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַתָּ֤ עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ שֶׁ֔מֶן 1 The expression **you shall give oil on it** is an idiom that means to put oil on top of the grain offering. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And you shall put oil on top of it” And you shall give oil on it 2:16 ok9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־אַזְכָּרָתָ֗הּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md) and [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause the memorial portion to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards God in heaven” And the priest shall cause its memorial portion, & to become smoke 2:16 xy46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִגִּרְשָׂהּ֙ 1 See how you translated this word in [2:14](../02/14.md). from its crushed grains 3:intro ur1s 0 "#Leviticus 3 General Notes\n\n##Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to offer a **peace offering**. In a similar fashion to Leviticus 1, here Yahweh provides options for sacrifices of peace offerings consisting of a bovine, whether male or female (3:1–5), or a flock animal, whether a lamb (3:6–11) or a goat (3:12–16). The chapter ends with an “enduring statute,” applicable to any Israelite, regardless of age or location. This statute entails the proscription of consuming any fat or blood (3:17). In outline form, the structure of chapter 3 is as follows: \n\n\n- 1) The Peace Offering (3:1–17)\n - I. Offering a bovine (3:1–5)\n - II. Offering a flock animal (3:6–16)\n - i. a sheep (3:6–11)\n - ii. a goat (3:12–16)\n - The proscription against eating blood or fat (3:17)\n\n##Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n###The peace offering \nThe **peace offering**, sometimes called the ""restitution offering"" or the ""fellowship offering,"" CONTINUE!!\n\n- can everyone eat the peace offering?\n- what is the relationship of the peace offering to the wave offering? (cf. 7:28–34)\n- mention the thanksgiving peace offering (7:11–15), which accompanied bread and animal sacrifices, votive peace offerings and the freewill peace offerings (7:16–21). \n\n###Fat\nIn ancient times, the fat of an animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, the fat portions of a sacrifice belonged to Yahweh and were to be offered on the fire and converted into pleasant-smelling smoke that rose to Yahweh in heaven. The fat portions and internal organs that were to be removed for burning that are referred to in this chapter include:\n\n- 1) For bovine, sheep and goats:\n* the **fat covering the innards**, that is, the caul fat that covers all of the internal organs (see [3:3, 9, 14](../03/09.md))\n* the **fat that is on the innards**, that is, the visceral fat that is directly connected to the internal organs (see [3:3, 9, 14](../03/09.md))\n* the fat that is connected to the **two kidneys** (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n* the **two kidneys** themselves (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n* the **lobe on the liver**, that is, one of the four bunches of liver tissue on the animal's liver (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n* the **liver** itself (see [3:4, 10, 15](../03/09.md))\n\n-2) For sheep only, in addition to the portions listed above:\n* the entirety of the **fat** of the sheep (see [3:9](../03/09.md))\n* the **fatty tail**, that is, the portion of fat attached to the short tail of the sheep, which was to be removed in one piece near the end of the spine (see [3:9](../03/09.md))\n\nThese portions of fat were to be carefully removed by the person offering the sacrifice and presented to the priest to be burned on the altar. \n\n###Sprinkling blood\nThe symbolic action of **splashing** or ""sprinkling” the blood of the animal on the **the altar** is frequent in animal sacrifices in Leviticus. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. In this chapter, the blood acts as a ritual detergent with the special ability to cleanse people, sacred objects, and sacred spaces from the impurity generated by sin. As such, it was splashed on the sides of the altar in a symbolic act that removed the impurities of sin.\n\n###Consuming blood or fat\nLeviticus 3:17 prohibits any Israelite, regardless of age or location, from eating any fat or blood of any animal. Because the blood contained ""the life"" of the animal, it had the special ability to cleanse people, sacred objects, or sacred space from the impurity caused by sin. As such, Yahweh forbid the eating of any animal blood (see ([7:26–27](../07/26.md), ([17:10–14](../17/10.md), and ([19:26](../19/26.md)). While the reason for forbidding the consumption of fat is not given in this chapter, it is presumed that these choice portions of rich fat were especially coveted and so belonged exclusively to Yahweh." 3:1 ausb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ & ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב & יַקְרִיבֶ֖נּוּ 1 For this and similar expressions throughout this chapter, see how you translated the expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). his offering {& he is presenting & he shall present it 3:1 c4u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ & ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב & יַקְרִיבֶ֖נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. Here and throughout the book, if it would be helpful in your language, you could use the second person in your translation. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms throughout, consider continuing to do so here. Alternate translation: “your offering … you are presenting … you shall present it” his offering {& he is presenting & he shall present it 3:1 c260 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׁלָמִ֖ים 1 As the general introduction to this chapter discusses, a **peace offering** is a sacrifice that was intended to promote friendship and fellowship either between an individual and God or between two individuals or parties. As [7:11–21](../07/11.md) describes, peace offerings could take a variety of forms, including as an offering of thanksgiving for God’s generosity or deliverance, or as an auxiliary to the fulfillment of a vow. peace offerings 3:1 xipk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אִ֤ם מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֔יב אִם־זָכָר֙ אִם־נְקֵבָ֔ה 1 The word translated **cattle** refers to a group of bovines—whether cows, bulls, or oxen. If your readers would not be familiar with these animals, you could use a general expression in your translation. Alternate translation: “if he is presenting from his bovines, whether male or female” if he is presenting from the cattle, whether male or female 3:1 cxo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַבָּקָר֙ 1 The phrase **from the cattle** does not refer to a specific group of animals. It describes any groups of bovines that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from the bovines that he owns” from the cattle 3:1 qet0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֥ים יַקְרִיבֶ֖נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the word **perfect** here refers to a male or female bovine that is completely healthy and an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “he should offer an unblemished bovine” or “he should offer a bovine without blemish” perfect, he shall present it 3:1 vh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַקְרִיבֶ֖נּוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “he shall present it in the presence of Yahweh” or “he shall present it within the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh is” he shall present it to the face of Yahweh 3:2 lluf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ וּשְׁחָט֕וֹ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here and throughout this chapter, the pronoun **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the one offering the sacrifice shall lay his hand on the head of his offering, and that individual shall slaughter it at the entrance of the tent of meeting” And he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering and he shall slaughter it {at} the entrance of the tent of meeting 3:2 wq58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies the person with the animal he is offering. The implication seems to be that the person is ritually placing his sins on the sacrificial animal so that God will forgive the sins when the animal is sacrificed. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering in order to place his sins on the animal, that they may be removed from him” And he shall lay his hand on the head of his offering 3:2 p8xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְזָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), splashing **the blood** of the animal on **the altar** is a ritual action. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify ritually and to remove sin. Here, the blood is splashed on the sides of the altar to keep it free from sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. If your language has a specific word for applying liquids in a religious context, consider using that word here. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood all around on the holy altar in order to keep the altar clean from sin” And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood on the altar all around 3:2 tf9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְזָרְק֡וּ בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים אֶת־ הַדָּ֛ם 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bovine. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “And after catching the blood as it drains from the bovine, the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood” And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall splash the blood 3:2 fyko rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵי֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “the descendants of Aaron, who are priests” the sons of Aaron, the priests 3:3 u5fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב 1 Here, **the fat covering the innards** refers to caul fat, or the thin, lacy membrane that surrounds the internal organs of some animals, such as cows, sheep, and pigs. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. the fat covering the innards 3:3 t5ou rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ 1 Here, **all the fat that is on the innards** refers to visceral fat, or the fat accumulated within the abdominal wall, which surrounds internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and liver of animals. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. and all the fat that {is} on the innards 3:4 z37a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים 1 Here, **the fat that is on them that is near the loins** refers to suet, that is, the hard, lumpy fat that surrounds the kidneys and liver of sheep, goats, and bovines. If your language has a word for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. Alternate translation: “and the leaf lard that is accumulated on the loins” and the fat that {is} on them that {is} near the loins 3:4 p1xl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַכְּסָלִ֑ים 1 Here, the word **loins** refers to that part of a animal’s muscles that resides between the upper part of the hipbone and the last of the false ribs on either side of the backbone. If your language has a word for this choice portion of meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. the loins 3:4 gs74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַכָּבֵ֔ד 1 The **the lobe on the liver** refers to one of the four curved portions of the liver. Although which of the four lobes of the liver is left unspecified, in the ancient world, the liver’s lobe was considered a delicacy and the choice part of the liver. If your language has a word for this choice portion of meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general term. Alternate translation: “the choice part of the liver” and the lobe on the liver 3:4 augf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַל־הַכְּלָי֖וֹת יְסִירֶֽנָּה 1 Here, **it** refers to **the lobe** of **the liver**. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “he shall remove the lobe of the liver with the kidneys” he shall remove it with the kidneys 3:5 t26a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 Although the pronoun **it** here is singular, it refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider using a plural pronoun as [3:16](../03/16.md) does, or making the referents explicit, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Aaron shall cause them to become smoke on the altar” And the sons of Aaron shall cause it to become smoke on the altar 3:5 sbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֨ירוּ אֹת֤וֹ בְנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And the sons of Aaron shall cause it to become smoke on the altar 3:6 uz3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ & יַקְרִיבֶֽנּוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md). his offering & he shall present it 3:6 tm7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׁלָמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated this term in [3:1](../03/01.md). peace offerings 3:6 g1co rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַצֹּ֧אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:10](../01/10.md). is} from the flock 3:6 pfsm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַצֹּ֧אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific group of animals. Rather, it describes any groups of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is from the sheep or goats that he owns” is} from the flock 3:6 eign rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֖ים 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). perfect 3:7 dcyq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הֽוּא־מַקְרִ֖יב אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֖וֹ 1 See how you handled the emphatic use of a verb and a related noun in [1:2](../01/02.md). Specifically, see how you translated the similar form of this expression in [3:1](../03/01.md). he is presenting his offering, & then he shall present it 3:7 vda3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). to the face of Yahweh 3:8 j6nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ 1 This is a symbolic action. See how you translated this phrase in [1:4](../01/04.md). And he shall lay his hand on the head of 3:8 zpyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here, **to the face of the tent of meeting** is an idiom that means “before the tent of meeting” and is synonymous with the expression “at the entrance of the tent of meeting” (see [3:2](../03/02.md)). If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before the tent of meeting” or “in front of the tent of meeting” to the face of the tent of meeting 3:8 kp5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md), splashing **the blood** of the animal on the **the altar** is a ritual action. See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the sons of Aaron shall splash its blood on the altar all around 3:8 grd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛וֹ 1 As in [3:2](../03/02.md), it is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. See how you handled this implied information in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the sons of Aaron shall splash its blood 3:8 ausr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן 1 See how you translated this description of the priests in [1:5](../01/05.md). the sons of Aaron 3:9 c2bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִקְרִ֨יב מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֮ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And from the sacrifice of the peace offerings, the one offering the sacrifice shall present” And from the sacrifice of the peace offerings he shall present 3:9 e5hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns חֶלְבּוֹ֙ 1 The possessive pronoun **its** refers to the lamb described in [3:7-8](../03/07.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the fat of the lamb that he sacrificed” its fat 3:9 j687 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָאַלְיָ֣ה תְמִימָ֔ה 1 Here, the **fatty tail** refers to the fat that accumulates in the hind parts of a sheep on both sides of its tail and on the first few vertebrae of the tail. If your language has a special term for this portion of fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic phrase, as the UST models. the entire fatty tail 3:9 q1kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). and the fat covering the innards 3:9 on7o rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃\n 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). and all the fat that {is} on the innards 3:10 v2hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־ הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־ הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־ הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־ הַכָּבֵ֔ד\n 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). and the fat that {is} on them that {is} by the loins and the lobe on the liver 3:11 sm2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And the priest shall cause it to become smoke on the altar 3:11 eron rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִקְטִיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 Although the word **it** here is singular, it refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider using a plural pronoun as [3:16](../03/16.md) does, or making this explicit, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar” And the priest shall cause it to become smoke on the altar 3:11 w7se rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֶ֥חֶם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה 1 Here, the phrase **food of a gift to Yahweh** uses the possessive form to describe a **gift to Yahweh** that consists of edible **food**. This does not mean that Yahweh eats the food, but only that the offering to Yahweh takes the form of food. If it would be helpful, consider making this more explicit. Alternate translation: “food that is offered to Yahweh as a gift” or “a gift to Yahweh that consists of food” a food gift to Yahweh 3:12 satb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ וְהִקְרִיב֖וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:2](../01/02.md). his offering {& then he shall present it 3:12 blm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). to the face of Yahweh 3:13 a245 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֔וֹ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And he shall lay his hand on its head 3:13 ec0k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:8](../03/08.md). to the face of the tent of meeting 3:13 shc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠זָרְקוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ דָּמ֛וֹ 1 It is implied that **the priests** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar. See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the sons of Aaron shall splash its blood 3:13 rkkp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֧ן 1 See how you translated this description of the priests in [1:5](../01/05.md). the sons of Aaron 3:14 j58j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִקְרִ֤יב מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ 1 The word **he** refers to the worshiper and not to the priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And from it, the one offering the sacrifice shall present” And from it, he shall present 3:14 weip rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֔רֶב וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:3](../03/03.md). the fat covering the innards and all the fat that {is} on the innards 3:15 s33p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). and the fat that {is} on them that {is} by the loins and the lobe on the liver 3:16 hj5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִירָ֥ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And the priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar 3:16 c52y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֶ֤חֶם אִשֶּׁה֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:11](../03/11.md). a food gift 3:17 d5fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם 1 The expression **An enduring statute for your generations in all your dwelling places** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. It implies that every Israelite should always obey this commandment wherever they live. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “No matter where they live, every generation should always obey this statute” An enduring statute for your generations in all your dwelling places 3:17 viwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the words **your** and **you** are plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer sacrifices, regardless of age or location. If you have been using second-person singular forms in your translation and the switch to the plural form would not be natural in your language, you could continue to use singular forms here. Alternatively, if you have been using third-person forms throughout this chapter, consider using whatever form would be clearest in your language. for your generations in all your dwelling places 3:17 q2wd וְכָל־ דָּ֖ם 1 Alternate translation: “or consume any blood” or any blood 4:intro wrl4 0 #Leviticus 4 General Notes\n\n##Structure and Formatting\nThis chapter begins with a new introduction that continues the narrative framing at the beginning of the book. As such, Leviticus 4:1–5:13 should be taken as a discrete unit, continuing on from Leviticus 1–3.\n\nThis chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins, called a **purification offering** because of its ability to purify the sacred space and sacred objects that are dedicated to Yahweh from the impurities generated by unintentional sin. The structure of the chapter offers can be mapped out as follows:\n\n\n- 1) The Purification Offering (4:1–5:13)\n - I. Unintentional Sins (4:1–35)\n - i. scenario #1: The High Priest (4:3–12)\n - ii. scenario #2: The Community (4:13–21)\n - iii. scenario #3: A Leader (4:22–26)\n - iv. scenario #4: An Individual (4:27–35)\n\nThe chapter addresses four hypothetical situations where this kind of sacrifice is needed:\n\n- 1) the high priest unintentionally sins (4:3–12)\n- 2) the whole community unintentionally sins (4:13–21)\n- 3) a leader in the community unintentionally sins (4:22–26)\n- 4) an ordinary individual unintentionally sins (4:27–35)\n - that individual offers a goat (4:27–31)\n - that individual offers a sheep (4:32–35)\n\nAs in Leviticus 1, the instructions offer a detailed outline of the procedure for the sacrifice. The instructed steps include:\n\n- 1) presenting a perfect animal to the priest (4:3, 14)\n - for the high priest, a young bull (4:3)\n - for the community, a young bull (4:13)\n - for the leader, a male goat (4:23)\n - for the individual, a male goat (4:28) or a female sheep (4:32)\n- 2) bringing the animal to the tent of meeting (4:4, 14, 23, 28, 32)\n- 3) laying hands on the animal (4:4, 15, 24, 29, 33)\n- 4) killing the animal (4:4, 15, 24, 29, 33)\n- 5) bringing the blood into the tent of meeting (4:5, 16)\n- 6) sprinkling the blood seven times before Yahweh towards the curtain (4:6, 17)\n- 7) putting some blood on each of the four horns of an altar (4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34)\n - for the high priest and the community, the blood is applied to the horns of the incense altar (4:7, 18)\n - for the leader and the individual, the blood is applied to the horns of the burnt-offering altar (4:25, 30, 34)\n- 8) pouring the rest of the blood out on the base of the burnt-offering altar (4:8, 18, 25, 30, 34)\n- 9) properly butchering the animal into the fat portions (4:9–10, 19–20, 26, 31, 35)\n- 10) burning the fat portions and creating the pleasant-smelling smoke (4:10, 19–20, 26, 31, 35)\n- 11) bringing the rest of the sacrificed animal portions outside the camp to burn them (4:11–12, 21)\n\n##Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n###Unintentional sins\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n###Guilt\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n###Sprinkling Blood\n[INSERT TEXT] \n\n\n###The various altars and the sacred curtain\n\n###Disposing of the portions of the sacrifice that are not burned\n[INSERT TEXT] 4:1 ymeo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 4:1-2 vi29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּאמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לֵאמֹר֒ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to tell the sons of Israel” saying & Speak to the sons of Israel, saying 4:2 gdkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל 1 This expression speaks of the people of Israel in the time of Moses as if they were literally the **sons of Israel**. It means that they are the physical and spiritual descendants of Jacob, whose name God changed to Israel. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” the sons of Israel 4:2 skxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל 1 Although the word translated **sons** is masculine and plural, it has a generic sense that applies to both men and women. In your translation, you may wish to use a term that is clearly inclusive of men and women. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” the sons of Israel 4:2 hgnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹר֒ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 4:2 wdps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֗פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א 1 Although the word translated **A person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. As the General Introduction to this chapter suggests, the people of Israel are here referred to by using a generic feminine noun, which intentionally balances the use of the generic masculine noun in [1:2](../01/02.md). If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “When any person offers” or “When someone offers” A person, when he sins 4:2 lnfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִשְׁגָגָה֙ מִכֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 The expression **which shall not be done** could refer to: (1) **the commands of Yahweh**, that is, to commandments that proscribe certain actions or behaviors. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh that say what you should not do” or (2) the act of sinning against God by violating any of **the commands of Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake from all the commands of Yahweh, which is something that you should not do” when he sins by mistake from any of the commands of Yahweh, which shall not be done 4:2 yyyi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֤א בִשְׁגָגָה֙ מִכֹּל֙ מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה 1 The expression **sins by mistake from any of the commands of Yahweh** could refer to: (1) doing wrong against God by mistakenly not doing something that **the commands of Yahweh** say to do. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake, unintentionally not doing something that the commands of Yahweh say you should do” or (2) doing wrong against God by mistakenly doing something that the commands of Yahweh expressly forbid. Alternate translation: “when he sins by mistake by doing something that the commands of Yahweh say you should not do” when he sins by mistake from any of the commands of Yahweh 4:2 czo5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְעָשָׂ֕ה מֵאַחַ֖ת מֵהֵֽנָּה 1 The expression **from one from them** uses repetition to refer to any individual command from the body of the commands of Yahweh. If your language can use repetition for emphasis in this manner, consider using a similar expression here. If not, then consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he does any one of them” and he does from one from them 4:3 iy0r rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result אִ֣ם הַכֹּהֵ֧ן הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַ יֶחֱטָ֖א לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת הָעָ֑ם 1 The expression **sins to the guilt of the people** refers to an act of wrongdoing against Yahweh that results in the collective guilt of the people in some way. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate explanation: “if the anointed priest sins in such a way that it causes the people to become guilty” if the anointed priest sins to the guilt of the people 4:3 jsnr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַכֹּהֵ֧ן הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַ 1 The **anointed priest** refers to the high priest, or the member of the priest who has been anointed to lead the priesthood. If your language has a similar way of referring to a leading spiritual figure, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the priest whom Yahweh anointed to be the high priest” the anointed priest 4:3 g1z4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת הָעָ֑ם 1 The abstract noun **guilt** refers both to the emotional experience of feeling guilty and to the legal status of having done wrong and needing to offer restitution for the wrongdoing. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **guilt**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “so as to cause the people to be guilty” to the guilt of the people 4:3 dr8l וְהִקְרִ֡יב 1 Alternate translation: “then he should present” then he shall present 4:3 l49l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֣ל חַטָּאתוֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he sinned** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **sin**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. for his sin that he sinned 4:3 hev1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown פַּ֣ר 1 A **bull** is a domesticated, adult male ox or bullock. If your language has a word for this animal, consider using it here. If not, then consider using a generic noun. Alternate translation: “a male bovine” a bull 4:3 w2tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֶּן־בָּקָ֥ר תָּמִ֛ים 1 The expression **son of** describes a person or animal that shares the essential qualities of something. Here the phrase describes this **bull** as a **son of the cattle** because it is a male animal that shares the essential qualities of the class of domesticated bovines. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a perfect male bovine” a perfect son of the cattle 4:3 wv3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בָּקָ֥ר 1 See how you translated the word **cattle** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “the domesticated bovines” the cattle 4:3 oklv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בָּקָ֥ר 1 The expression **the cattle** does not refer to specific groups of animals. It describes any group of bovines that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cattle that he owns or can buy” the cattle 4:3 ixx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֛ים 1 See how you translated this word in [1:3](../01/03.md). perfect 4:3 hxl6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְחַטָּֽאת׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, a **sin offering** is a sacrifice that was offered by an individual person or the community as a whole to purify the sacred altar, the sanctuary, and the sacred objects from impurity caused by sin. as a sin offering 4:4 xx9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהֵבִ֣יא אֶת־ הַפָּ֗ר 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the anointed priest, that is, to the high priest who has unintentionally sinned and made the people guilty. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest shall bring the bull” And he shall bring the bull 4:4 z9am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the expression **to the face of Yahweh** in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “into the presence of Yahweh” or “to the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 4:4 zy1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַ֤ךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַפָּ֔ר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull 4:4 yejs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְשָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַפָּ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated the similar phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md). and he shall slaughter the bull to the face of Yahweh 4:5 m58i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלָקַ֛ח הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֑ר 1 It is implied that **the anointed priest** would catch **the blood** in a bowl as it drained out of the bull. Then he would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar, before applying it to the altar in the manner that [4:6–7](../04/06.md) describes. If this would not be clear in your language, you could supply this information, here and in later instances in the book. Alternative translation: “After catching the blood in a bowl as it drains from the bull that he slaughtered, the anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull” And the anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull 4:5 i2aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the high priest in [4:3](../04/03.md). the anointed priest 4:6 hnz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַדָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Here, to sprinkle the blood of the bull **to the face of Yahweh** means to sprinkle the blood in the direction of the **curtain of the holy place**, which separated the worshiper from the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “and he shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times toward the Holy of Holies, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” and he shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times to the face of Yahweh 4:6 uk96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַדָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ 1 Just as the blood is splashed against the altar in [1:5](../01/05.md) and elsewhere, here, in a similar ritual action, the high priest **sprinkles** the blood on the altar and the curtain with his finger. The blood, being the life of the animal (see [17:11](../17/11.md)), was given by God to purify and remove the defiling impurities caused by the high priests’ unintentional sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. If your language has a word for sprinkling liquids in a religious context, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “and he shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times in order to clean the sacred place from the defiling impurities of sin” and he shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times 4:6 z4pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ 1 The **face of the curtain** is an idiom that means the front of the curtain. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the front of the curtain” toward the face of the curtain of the holy {place 4:6 htr0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ 1 The **curtain of the holy place** was a thick cloth of blue, purple, and scarlet linen that hung between the holy place of the altar and the Holy of Holies, concealing the Holy of Holies from view, as described in [Exodus 26:31–35](exod/26/31.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the front of the sacred screen that separates the Holy of Holies from the rest of the tent” toward the face of the curtain of the holy {place 4:7 c0um rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְנָתַן֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן מִן־הַדָּ֜ם עַל־קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַסַּמִּים֙ 1 This is a symbolic action. By daubing the blood on the extremities of the altar, the priest is ritually removing from the sacred altar the impurities caused by the unintentional sin. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote here and in subsequent instances in the book. Alternate translation: “And the priest should put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of incense of the spices in order to purify the altar from the defiling impurities caused by the priest’s unintentional sin” And the priest shall give some of the blood on the horns of the altar of incense of the spices 4:7 ykir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַן֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן מִן־הַדָּ֜ם עַל־קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַסַּמִּים֙ 1 The expression **he shall give ... on** is an idiom that means to put **some of the blood** onto **the horns of the altar**. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And he shall put some of the blood onto the horns of the altar of incense of the spices” And the priest shall give some of the blood on the horns of the altar of incense of the spices 4:7 rrcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַ֠רְנוֹת מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַסַּמִּים֙ 1 The **horns of the altar** refer to the four projections at the corners of the **altar**. They are shaped like the **horns** of an ox. Alternate translation: “the horn-shaped projections at the corners of the altar of incense of the spices” the horns of the altar of incense of the spices 4:7 n7r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִזְבַּ֨ח קְטֹ֤רֶת הַסַּמִּים֙ 1 The **altar of incense of the spices** refers to the place where priests burned fragrance incense twice a day, located directly in front of the curtain which separated the Holy of Holies from the rest of the tent of meeting. It is described in detail in [Exodus 30:1–10](exod/30/01.md). Alternate translation: “the altar of the fragrant incenses” the altar of incense of the spices 4:7 hgoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 Because this verse specifies that the incense altar is located inside the **tent of meeting**, here the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means directly in front of the Holy of Holies, the location where Yahweh was enthroned above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant. Alternate translation: “in the sacred vicinity of the tent of meeting where Yahweh ” or “directly in front of Yahweh’s presence in the Holy of Holies” to the face of Yahweh 4:7 w9my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵ֣ת ׀ כָּל־דַּ֣ם הַפָּ֗ר 1 Given that the priest has just sprinkled some of **the blood** and dripped some of the blood on **the horns of the altar**, the phrase **all the blood of the bull** refers to the blood that remains after these first two applications. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And any remaining blood of the bull” And all the blood of the bull 4:8 opbk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 The pronoun **he** here refers to the anointed priest because he is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrificial rite. If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest shall lift up from it” he shall lift up from it 4:8 rd3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 The expression **he shall lift up** is an idiom that means to carefully remove and set aside. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a word or phrase that expresses the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shall trim from it and set aside” he shall lift up from it 4:8 c7cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה עַל־הַקֶּ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). the fat covering over the innards 4:8 vd6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הַחֵ֔לֶב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַקֶּֽרֶב׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:3](../03/03.md). and all the fat that {is} on the innards 4:9 r448 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). and the fat that is on them that is near the loins and the lobe on the liver 4:9 li4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃ 1 As in [3:4](../03/04.md), [3:10](../03/10.md), and [3:15](../03/15.md), the one who removes the fat from the sacrificial animal is the worshiper, not the priest. However, because here the anointed priest is both the one offering the sacrifice and the one performing the sacrifice, the pronoun **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the anointed priest shall remove it” he shall remove it 4:10 dy4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִשּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 Here, **it** refers to all the fat that was described in the instructions about peace offerings in [3:3–4](../03/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “just as the fat is removed from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offering” just as it is lifted up from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offering 4:10 xvzf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם מִשּׁ֖וֹר זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as it would be removed from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offering” just as it is lifted up from the ox of the sacrifice of the peace offering 4:10 cded rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יוּרַ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as people remove the fat”If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as the individual removed the fat” or, if you used the second-person form in chapter 3, “just as you removed the fat” just as it is lifted up 4:10 peg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִקְטִירָם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 The pronoun **them** refers to all the pieces of fat and the internal organs described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause all the fat pieces and the internal organs to become smoke” And the priest shall cause them to become smoke 4:10 ub9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִירָם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And the priest shall cause them to become smoke and ascend toward God in heaven by burning them” And the priest shall cause them to become smoke 4:11 fr9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־ ע֤וֹר הַפָּר֙ וְאֶת־ כָּל־ בְּשָׂר֔וֹ עַל־ רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְעַל־ כְּרָעָ֑יו וְקִרְבּ֖וֹ וּפִרְשֽׁוֹ 1 This list of animal parts tells the reader what is meant by the expression “all of the bull” in [4:12](../04/12.md). If this would be unclear, consider using a phrase to indicate that this list introduces the subject of the verse, which will be restated in [4:12](../04/12.md). Alternate translation: “As for the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” And the skin of the bull and all its meat, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung 4:11 ovny וְאֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂר֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “all of the bull’s meat” and all its meat 4:12 xwxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהוֹצִ֣יא 1 The pronoun **he** cannot refer to the priest making the sacrifice, because this action would cause the priest to become impure. Rather, it refers to another, unspecified Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “someone else should bring out” and he shall bring out 4:12 qm4z אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠פָּר 1 Alternate translation: “all these pieces of the bull” all of the bull 4:12 hgo6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־שֶׁ֣פֶךְ הַדֶּ֔שֶׁן & עַל־שֶׁ֥פֶךְ הַדֶּ֖שֶׁן 1 The **pouring out place of the fatty ashes** is equivalent to the “place of the fatty ashes” referenced in [1:16](../01/16.md). See how you translated the similar phrase there. to the pouring out place of the fatty ash. & on the pouring out place of the fatty ash 4:12 q856 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone shall burn it” it shall be burned 4:13 mv5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנֶעְלַ֣ם דָּבָ֔ר מֵעֵינֵ֖י הַקָּהָ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the assembly does not realize that they have sinned” and the matter is hidden from the eyes of the assembly 4:13 y4sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֠עָשׂוּ אַחַ֨ת מִכָּל־מִצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md). and they do one {thing} from all the commands of Yahweh, which shall not be done 4:14 vn62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנֽוֹדְעָה֙ הַֽחַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ עָלֶ֑יהָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and then they realize the sin that they sinned concerning it” and the sin that they sinned concerning it becomes known 4:14 ljz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הַֽחַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). the sin that they sinned 4:14 m8a5 עָלֶ֑יהָ 1 Alternate translation: “against it” concerning it 4:14 vtgc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלֶ֑יהָ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the commands of Yahweh mentioned in [4:13](../04/13.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “with regards to the commands of Yahweh” concerning it 4:14 jiw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פַּ֤ר בֶּן־בָּקָר֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:3](../04/03.md). Note how you handled the word **bull**, the idiom **a son of the cattle**, and the generic noun **cattle**. a bull, a son of the cattle 4:14 lv4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [3:8](../03/08.md). to the face of the tent of meeting 4:15 fjs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְ֠סָמְכוּ זִקְנֵ֨י הָעֵדָ֧ה אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֛ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַפָּ֖ר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull 4:15 ukae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה & לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh…in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is…in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh is” to the face of Yahweh. & to the face of Yahweh 4:15 kvnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הַפָּ֖ר 1 The pronoun **he** refers not to the priest, but to an individual member of the **elders of the congregation** mentioned in this verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject plain. Alternate translation: “And one of the elders of the congregation shall slaughter the bull” And he shall slaughter the bull 4:16 l1qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵבִ֛יא הַכֹּהֵ֥ן הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֑ר אֶל־אֹ֖הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ 1 As in [1:5](../01/05.md), it is implied that the **priest** caught **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull. See how you handled the implied information in that verse. And the anointed priest shall bring some of the blood of the bull to the tent of meeting 4:17 caw8 וְטָבַ֧ל הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶצְבָּע֖וֹ מִן־הַדָּ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall dip his finger in some of the blood” And the priest shall dip his finger from the blood 4:17 zoh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִזָּ֞ה שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י הַפָּרֹֽכֶת 1 See how you translated these expressions in [4:6](../04/06.md). and he shall sprinkle {it} seven times to the face of Yahweh, toward the face of the curtain 4:18 tsse rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִתֵּ֣ן & יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ 1 Here and in the verses [4:18–20](../04/18.md), the pronoun **he** refers to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest shall put … the priest shall pour out” he shall give & he shall pour out 4:18 q6nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּמִן־הַדָּ֞ם יִתֵּ֣ן ׀ עַל־קַרְנֹ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 The expression **he shall give ... on** is an idiom that means to put **some of the blood** onto **the horns of the altar**. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And he shall put some of the blood onto the horns of the altar” And he shall give some of the blood on the horns of the altar 4:18 xn3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַרְנֹ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:7](../04/07.md). the horns of the altar 4:18 c8oi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֲשֶׁר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 The **altar that is to the face of Yahweh, which is in the tent of meeting** is identical to the “altar of incense of the spices” referenced in [4:7](../04/07.md). See how you translated these expressions there. the altar that {is} to the face of Yahweh, which {is} in the tent of meeting 4:18 ni6l וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַדָּ֗ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the bull” And all the blood 4:19 wo2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־חֶלְבּ֖וֹ 1 The expression **all of its fat** refers to the portions of the bull’s fat and internal organs as described in [4:8–9](../04/08.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the bull’s fat, including the fat covering over the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is near the loins, and the lobe on the liver” And all of its fat 4:19 t3pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:8](../04/08.md). he shall lift up from it 4:19 shyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 Although it is ambiguous, unlike [4:8](../04/08.md), here the pronoun **he** likely refers to the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md) and not to the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the elder of the congregation who slaughtered the animal shall lift up from it” he shall lift up from it 4:19 bbhn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar 4:19 hk6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry יָרִ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest and not to the worshiper. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the priest shall lift up from it” he shall lift up from it 4:20 tsy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism וְעָשָׂ֣ה לַפָּ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְפַ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֔את כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑וֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If your language can repeat phrases for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider combining the phrases. Alternate translation: “And he should do for the bull just as he did for the bull of the purification offering” And he shall do with the bull just as he did with the bull of the sin offering; thus he shall do with it 4:20 k2wc וְעָשָׂ֣ה לַפָּ֔ר & עָשָׂה֙ לְפַ֣ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “And he shall prepare the bull ... he prepared the bull ... thus he shall prepare it” And he shall do with the bull & he did with the bull of & thus he shall do with it 4:20 gdgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְעָשָׂ֣ה לַפָּ֔ר & כֵּ֖ן יַעֲשֶׂה־לּ֑וֹ 1 As in [4:19](../04/19.md), here the pronoun **he** refers to the worshipper, likely the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who slaughtered the bull in [4:15](../04/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat shall do for the bull … thus the elder who slaughtered the bull and removed its fat shall do with it” And he shall do with the bull & thus he shall do with it 4:20 kird rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְפַ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֔את 1 Because it was the anointed priest who prepared the **bull of the purification offering** as described in [4:3–12](../04/03.md), in this case, the word **he** refers to the anointed priest, not to the individual member of “the elders of the congregation” who is the subject of the other verbs in this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the subject explicit here. Alternate translation: “just as the anointed priest did with the bull of the sin offering that he offered because of his own unintentional sin” just as he did with the bull of the sin offering 4:20 s2f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ לְפַ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֔את 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the past tense to describe previous action, as if he is here referring to a specific past instance where the individual prepared a peace offering. Rather, the past tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “just as one might do with the bull of the sin offering” just as he did with the bull of the sin offering 4:20 t3ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֧ר עֲלֵהֶ֛ם הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The word translated **atonement** may have originally indicated either the “covering” or the “wiping away” of sin. Either way, by the time of Leviticus it indicated that the sacrifice would be accepted in order to restore the relationship between the worshiper and Yahweh that had been damaged or defiled by sin. Consider using a word or phrase that conveys this idea effectively in your language. See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternative translation: “And the priest shall offer the sacrifice that Yahweh will accept on behalf of the people and restore them to relationship with himself” And the priest shall make atonement for them 4:20 q33o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְנִסְלַ֥ח לָהֶֽם׃ 1 Here the pronoun **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the community committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the unintentional sin of the community will be forgiven” and it will be forgiven to them 4:20 jd5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֥ח לָהֶֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the community for their sins” and it will be forgiven to them 4:21 vvgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהוֹצִ֣יא אֶת־הַפָּ֗ר 1 As in [4:12](../04/12.md), the pronoun **he** cannot refer to the priest making the sacrifice, because this action would cause the priest to become impure. Rather, it refers to another, unspecified Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person, as the UST models. Alternate translation: “And someone else shall bring out the bull” And he shall bring out the bull 4:21 bves rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַפָּ֗ר 1 Because [4:20](../04/20.md) instructs the community to prepare the bull in the same manner that the high priest prepared the bull for his sin offering (in [4:8–10](../04/08.md)), here **the bull** refers to the pieces of the bull that are not burned on the altar, as listed in [4:11](../04/11.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the skin of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and with its legs and its innards and its dung” the bull 4:21 zg6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֖ת הַפָּ֣ר הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 The phrase **the first bull** refers to the bull offered and prepared by the anointed priest, as described in [4:3–12](../04/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the bull that the high priest offered for his purification offering” the first bull 4:22 xg1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְעָשָׂ֡ה אַחַ֣ת מִכָּל־מִצְוֺת֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהָ֜יו אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָה בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md) and [4:13](../04/13.md). and does by mistake one {thing} from all the commands of Yahweh his God, which shall not be done 4:23 jwgw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑הּ 1 The expression **his sin that he has sinned with it** uses repetition for emphasis. If your language can use repetition for emphasis in this manner, consider using a similar expression here. If not, then consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the sin that he committed” his sin that he sinned with it 4:23 g4fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֽוֹ־הוֹדַ֤ע אֵלָיו֙ חַטָּאת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א בָּ֑הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or he becomes aware of the sin that he sinned” or his sin that he sinned with it is made known to him 4:23 r7o2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים 1 The expression **a buck of the goats** refers to a male goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a male goat, consider using it here, or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a male goat” a buck of the goats 4:23 jvon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִזִּ֖ים 1 The expression **the goats** does not refer to a specific group of animals. Rather, it refers to any goats that an Israelite might own. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the goats that he owns or can buy” the goats 4:23 lvq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). perfect 4:24 q1kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְסָמַ֤ךְ & וְשָׁחַ֣ט 1 The pronoun **he** here refers to the “leader” whose unintentional sin requires a purification offering (see [4:22](../04/22.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the leader shall lay … and the leader shall slaughter” And he shall lay & and he & slaughter 4:24 aby2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And he shall lay his hand on the head of the buck 4:24 z9vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בִּמְק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה 1 The pronoun **he** does not refer specifically to the leader whose purification offering the current section discusses, but here refers generally to any person who offers a burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the place where someone might slaughter the burnt offering” shall & in the place where he slaughters the burnt offering 4:24 zee3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). to the face of Yahweh 4:25 wnl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֤ם הַֽחַטָּאת֙ 1 As before, it is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering 4:25 jlby rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). and he shall give {it} on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering 4:25 hd5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח 1 While noting that here the priest drips **the blood** on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering rather than on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense, see how you translated these expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md) and [4:18](../04/18.md). the horns of the altar of 4:25 chb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־דָּמ֣וֹ 1 As in [4:7](../04/07.md), the phrase **its blood** refers to the blood that remains after applying some of the blood to the horns of the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the goat” And its blood 4:26 sgvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבּוֹ֙ 1 The phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the goat described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:14–15](../03/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the goat’s fat, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” And all of its fat 4:26 el4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יַקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). he shall cause to become smoke on the altar 4:26 vunv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כְּחֵ֖לֶב זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 The expression **like the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation, without the preceding comma: “in the same manner that the priest would cause the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings to become smoke on the altar” like the fat of the sacrifice of the peace offerings 4:26 h9gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). See how you handled the term **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him from his sin 4:26 f786 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unintentional sin that the leader committed that introduced the impurity of sin, which, in turn, required the purification provided by the purification sacrifice. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the leader’s unintentional sin will be forgiven” and it will be forgiven to him 4:26 zhk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the ruler for his unintentional sin” and it will be forgiven to him 4:27 phzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְאִם־נֶ֧פֶשׁ אַחַ֛ת 1 As in [4:2](../04/02.md), the word translated **person** is feminine, but it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If you language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “And if any person” or “And if an individual” And if one person 4:27 kv6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵעַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 The expression **the people of the land** refers to individuals who live (or will live in the future) in the land of Israel, excluding the king, the high priest, and the leader previously referenced in this chapter. If this would be unclear in your context, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “from the common people who live in the land of Israel” from the people of the land 4:27 ppx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֠עֲשֹׂתָהּ אַחַ֨ת מִמִּצְוֺ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by doing one thing that Yahweh told the people not to do” by doing it, one {thing} from the commands of Yahweh, which shall not be done 4:28 barn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א & עַל־חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא׃ 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). his sin that he sinned & for his sin that he sinned 4:28 al2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הוֹדַ֣ע אֵלָ֔יו חַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֑א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he becomes aware of the sin that he sinned” his sin that he sinned is made known to him 4:28 mgqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִירַ֤ת עִזִּים֙ 1 The expression **a doe of the goats** refers to a female goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a female goat, consider using it here, or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a female goat” or “a she-goat” a doe of the goats 4:28 n2ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִזִּים֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:23](../04/23.md). the goats 4:28 b3et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּמִימָ֣ה 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). perfect 4:29 rup1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַךְ֙ אֶת־ יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And he shall lay his hand on the head of 4:29 hqed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּמְק֖וֹם הָעֹלָֽה 1 The **place of the burnt offering** is identical to “the place where he slaughters the burnt offering to the face of Yahweh” in [4:24](../04/24.md). If this is unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the location where people slaughter the burnt offering” in the place of the burnt offering 4:30 su7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֤ן מִדָּמָהּ֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ 1 As before, it is implied that **the priest** will catch **the blood** in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat. See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the priest shall take some of its blood with his finger 4:30 avro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). and he shall give {it} on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering 4:30 zr2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md). the horns of the altar of the burnt offering 4:30 dqv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). and he shall give {it} on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering 4:30 k9y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣הּ 1 The phrase **all the blood of the bull** refers to the blood that remains after applying the blood to the **horns of the altar**. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood of the goat” And all its blood 4:30 kqw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 Although unspecified, it is likely that the **altar** mentioned here is the same **altar of the burnt offering** that is referred to in this verse, which is also the place where **the blood** of the sacrificial animal is poured out in the similar expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md), [4:18](../04/18.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the identity of the altar explicit or using an identifying adjective as the UST models. Alternate translation: “at the base of the altar of the burnt offering” at the base of the altar 4:31 m5yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣הּ 1 As in [4:26](../04/26.md), the phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the goat described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:14–15](../03/14.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the goat’s fat, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” And all its fat 4:31 hmu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:20](../04/20.md), here, **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the purification offering shall remove” he shall remove 4:31 x3cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person would remove the fat” just as the fat is removed 4:31 lo98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּסַ֣ר חֵלֶב֮ מֵעַ֣ל זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” just as the fat is removed from on the sacrifice of the peace offerings 4:31 y4ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֤יר הַכֹּהֵן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And the priest shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar 4:31 f423 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you handled this expression involving an abstract noun in [1:4](../01/04.md) and [4:20](../04/20.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him 4:31 rty9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the inidivual’s sins” and it will be forgiven to him 4:32 fcuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאִם־כֶּ֛בֶשׂ יָבִ֥יא קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ 1 Here the pronouns **he** and **his** refer to the individual from the people of the land referred to in [4:27–28](../04/27.md). If it would be unclear in your language that these words refer to the same individual as the previous section, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “But if that individual brings a lamb as his offering” And if he brings a lamb {as} his offering 4:32 sqnk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְמִימָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). perfect 4:33 gp8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמַךְ֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל רֹ֣אשׁ הַֽחַטָּ֑את 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And he shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering 4:33 n4w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בִּמְק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָעֹלָֽה׃ 1 As in [4:24](../04/24.md), **he** does not refer specifically to the individual whose purification offering the current section discusses, but refers generally to any person who kills an animal in order to offer a burnt offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic word for a person to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “in the location where someone would slaughter the burnt offering” in the place where he slaughters the burnt offering 4:34 swdg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֤ם הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ 1 See how you handled the information implied in the similar expressions in [4:5](../04/05.md). And the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger 4:34 th46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). and he shall give {it} on the horns of the altar of the burnt offering 4:34 l4b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you handled this expression in [4:25](../04/25.md) and [4:30](../04/30.md). the horns of the altar of the burnt offering 4:34 k2b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־כָּל־דָּמָ֣הּ 1 See how you translated this expression in [4:30](../04/30.md). Alternate translation: “And all the remaining blood” And all its blood 4:34 iq0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 Although unspecified, it is likely that the **altar** mentioned here is the same **altar of the burnt offering** that is referred to in this verse, which is also the place where **the blood** of the sacrificial animal is poured out in the similar expressions in [4:7](../04/07.md), [4:18](../04/18.md), [4:25](../04/25.md), and [4:30](../04/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the identity of the altar explicit, or using an identifying adjective as the UST models. Alternate translation: “toward the base of the altar of the burnt offering” at the base of the altar 4:35 pl3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּ֣ה 1 As in [4:26](../04/26.md) and [4:31](../04/31.md), the phrase **all of its fat** refers to the fat portions of the lamb described in the instructions for peace offerings in [3:9–10](../03/09.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And all of the lamb’s fat, including the entire fatty tail, the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys, the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” And all of its fat 4:35 z6xq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָסִ֗יר 1 As in [4:31](../04/31.md), here the pronoun **he** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the subject explicit. Alternate translation: “the person offering the sin offering shall remove” he shall remove 4:35 gqlb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַכֶּשֶׂב֮ מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 As in [4:10](../04/10.md), the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense here to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a peace offering. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same manner as the fat of the lamb would be removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings” just as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings 4:35 i2gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יוּסַ֥ר חֵֽלֶב־הַכֶּשֶׂב֮ מִזֶּ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֒ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “just as a person who offers a lamb as a sacrifice of peace offerings removes the fat of that lamb” just as the fat of the lamb is removed from the sacrifice of the peace offerings 4:35 mpi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֹתָם֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:9](../01/09.md). And the priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar 4:35 t7jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַ֖ל אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive expressions in [2:3](../02/03.md) and [2:10](../02/10.md). Alternate translation: “on the sacrifices that people offer as gifts to Yahweh” on the gifts of Yahweh 4:35 sy5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עַל־ חַטָּאת֥וֹ 1 See how you handled this expression involving an abstract noun in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the priest will make atonement for him for his sin 4:35 m4ms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive the individual of his sin” and it will be forgiven to him 5:intro dfg1 0 # Leviticus 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Not testifying\n\nIf a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\n### Sacrifices for the poor\n\nThis chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices. 5:1 rx2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תֶחֱטָ֗א וְשָֽׁמְעָה֙ 1 Although the words translated **a person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “And when any person sins, and he hears” or “And when someone sins, and he hears” And a person, when he sins and he hears 5:1 a833 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ק֣וֹל אָלָ֔ה 1 The **sound of a curse** is an idiom that refers to someone hearing a publicly spoken imprecatory curse against the perpetrator of a crime which has harmed the individual who speaks the curse (see the parallel text in [Proverbs 29:24](prov/29/24.md)). The implication of this verse is that if the individual who hears the curse against the perpetrator of the crime fails to testify against that individual in the context of the judicial system, then he must **carry his iniquity** (for this phrase, see the next note). Alternate translation: “someone pronouncing a curse against someone who has wronged them” the sound of a curse 5:1 erm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽוֹ 1 The expression **he shall carry his iniquity** refers to being responsible to make restitution for the guilt acquired by an individual’s wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he is now responsible to make restitution for his wrongdoing” then he shall carry his iniquity 5:2 nz0p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶ֗פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע֮ 1 Although the words translated **A person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “when any person touches” or “when someone touches” a person, when he touches 5:2 ix6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown טָמֵא֒ & טְמֵאָ֗ה & טְמֵאָ֔ה & טָמֵ֑א & טָמֵ֖א 1 For an object or body to be **unclean** means that it has acquired impurity through its perceived proximity to death. In ancient Israel, this impurity was seen to pollute the holy space where Yahweh lived among the Israelites and could desecrate the sacred items that were consecrated to him. Consequently, anything impure or unclean was not allowed to enter the sacred space or touch anything clean or holy. If your language has a similar word, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic term. Alternate translation: “polluted … polluted … polluted … polluted … is polluted himself” unclean & unclean & unclean & unclean & is} unclean 5:2 kw6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְנִבְלַ֨ת חַיָּ֜ה טְמֵאָ֗ה 1 The expression **the unclean carcass of an animal** does not refer to the body of a specific animal. Rather, it describes the carcass of any wild animal that an Israelite might encounter. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any wild animal” the unclean carcass of an animal 5:2 gh1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּנִבְלַת֙ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה 1 The expression **the unclean carcass of livestock** does not refer to a the body of a specific animal. Rather, it describes the carcass of any domesticated animal that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the unclean dead body of any of a person's domesticated animals” the unclean carcass of livestock 5:2 tkk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּנִבְלַ֖ת שֶׁ֣רֶץ טָמֵ֑א 1 The expression **the carcass of an unclean swarming animal** does not refer to a specific animal. Rather, it describes the carcass of any animal or insect that swarms or creeps on the ground, including winged, swarming insects, mice, rats, and lizards (see [11:20–23](../11/20.md) and [11:24–29](../11/24.md) for the full list of these animals). Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dead body of any impure animal that creeps or swarms on the ground” the carcass of an unclean creeping animal 5:2 kf5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize that he touched something unclean” and it is hidden from him 5:2 a2xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאָשֵֽׁם 1 Here, to become **guilty** means both to feel the internal sense of having done wrong and to enter into a legal state of needing to make reparations for wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional. As the General Introduction to the chapter discusses, this kind of guilt resulted in the need for the **guilt offering**, by which a person atoned for himself and made reparation for the impurity that he brought into the sacred space by his wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “and he needs to make reparations for his wrongdoing” and he becomes guilty 5:3 kp8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns א֣וֹ כִ֤י יִגַּע֙ בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Or if he touches a human body in a way that makes pollutes him” Or when he touches the uncleanness of a man 5:3 dmsx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת אָדָ֔ם 1 The expression **the uncleanness of a man** uses the possessive form to refer to the uncleanness that is acquired from a human source. Alternate translation: “the uncleanness that comes from a person” the uncleanness of a man 5:3 fuj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לְכֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑הּ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he becomes unclean** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **uncleanness**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. with regard to all of his uncleanness that he becomes unclean with it 5:3 ymu7 לְכֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִטְמָ֖א בָּ֑הּ 1 Alternate translation: “with regard to all of a person's sins by which he sins” with regard to all of his uncleanness that he becomes unclean with it 5:3 twrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְכֹל֙ טֻמְאָת֔וֹ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to the **man** mentioned earlier in the verse, which, although masculine, has a generic sense that refers to any human being, whether living or dead. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “with regard to any uncleanness that comes from a human being, whether living or dead” with regard to all of his uncleanness 5:3 b9ah rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּטֻמְאַ֣ת & טֻמְאָת֔וֹ & יִטְמָ֖א 1 See how you translated these words in [5:2](../05/02.md). the uncleanness of & his uncleanness & he becomes unclean 5:3 k7l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it” and it is hidden from him 5:3 i368 וְה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע 1 Alternate translation: “when he himself knows” but he himself knows 5:3 rvsc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע 1 The reflexive pronoun **himself** emphasizes how significant it is that **the man**, who had previously been unaware of having touched any uncleanness, had come to realize what he had done. Consider using a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “but only when he alone knows” but he himself knows 5:3 jy32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְה֥וּא יָדַ֖ע 1 The expression **but he himself knows** is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but when he himself knows that he has unintentionally touched something unclean” but he himself knows 5:4 g4f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְבַטֵּ֨א בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם לְהָרַ֣ע ׀ א֣וֹ לְהֵיטִ֗יב 1 This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person **swears** the oath, he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person hastily swears an oath with two lips without the intention to do what he promised, to do evil or to do good” a person, when he swears {an oath} by speaking thoughtlessly with two lips to do evil or to do good 5:4 so0x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ 1 See how you translated this similar expression in [5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation “when any person swears an oath” or “when someone swears an oath” a person, when he swears {an oath 5:4 l73y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְבַטֵּ֨א בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם 1 Here, **with two lips** refers to the words that the person speaks. Alternate translation: “by speaking rashly with their words” by speaking thoughtlessly with two lips 5:4 x743 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָאָדָ֛ם בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה 1 Although the word **man** is masculine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who speaks rashly while swearing an oath. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. Alternate translation: “with regard to everything that a person speaks rashly in an oath” with regard to everything that the man thoughtlessly speaks in an oath 5:4 nre6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he does not realize it” or “and he does not know about it” and it is hidden from him 5:4 tdo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְהוּא־יָדַ֥ע 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:3](../05/03.md). but he himself knows 5:4 pftx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵֽלֶּה 1 The phrase **from these things** refers to the ways of sinning unintentionally, as described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). with regard to one from these {things 5:5 nt5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְאַחַ֣ת מֵאֵ֑לֶּה 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:4](../05/04.md). with regard to one from these {things 5:5 zzqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִ֨תְוַדָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָ֖א עָלֶֽיהָ׃ 1 As in [4:14](../04/14.md), the phrase **regarding it** refers to the commands of Yahweh mentioned in [4:13](../04/13.md). If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he shall confess that he sinned with regard to the commands of Yahweh” then he shall confess that he sinned regarding it 5:6 x2i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣וֹ לַיהוָ֡ה 1 Here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt that it did in [5:2–5](../05/02.md). Rather, it refers to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the animal sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the required sacrifice required by Yahweh” And he shall bring his guilt to Yahweh 5:6 twdf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהֵבִ֣יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֣וֹ לַיהוָ֡ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is considered the same as bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring his guilt to the altar that is located inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” And he shall bring his guilt to Yahweh 5:6 b75l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry חַטָּאתוֹ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטָ֜א 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md) and [4:28](../04/28.md). his sin that he sinned 5:6 go0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַצֹּ֥אן 1 The expression **the flock** does not refer to a specific group of animals. Rather, it describes any group of sheep or goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. See how you translated this expression in [1:10](../01/10.md) and [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “from the flock animals that he owns” from the flock 5:6 kktf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כִּשְׂבָּ֛ה 1 A **lamb** is a young sheep. If your language has a specific word for young members of this animal group, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression Alternate translation: “a young sheep” a lamb 5:6 f93k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 A **doe** refers to a female goat or sheep—here, specifically, a goat. If your language has a specific word for this gender of this particular animal group, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a nanny goat” a doe of the goats 5:6 vrib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations שְׂעִירַ֥ת עִזִּ֖ים 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [4:23](../04/23.md) and [4:28](../04/28.md). a doe of the goats 5:6 haku וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן מֵחַטָּאתֽוֹ׃ 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.” And the priest shall make atonement for him from his sin 5:6 fj3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him 5:7 uz2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאִם־לֹ֨א תַגִּ֣יע יָדוֹ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to offer one’s own flock animal or to purchase another’s flock animal. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is unable to offer his own flock animal or to purchase someone else’s” But if his hand does not touch enough flock animals 5:7 gm7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְהֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 The expression **his guilt that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from [5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “then he shall bring his guilt for his sin that he sinned” then he shall bring his guilt that he sinned 5:7 ugl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵבִ֨יא אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֜וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). then he shall bring his guilt 5:7 tgyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown תֹרִ֛ים & בְנֵֽי־יוֹנָ֖ה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:14](../01/14.md). turtledoves & sons of a pigeon 5:7 ilhy אֶחָ֥ד & וְאֶחָ֥ד 1 Alternate translation: “one of the birds … and the other bird” one & and one 5:7 f37p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְחַטָּ֖את & לְעֹלָֽה 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:3](../01/03.md) and [4:3](../04/03.md). for a sin offering & for a burnt offering 5:8 yeet rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִקְרִ֛יב 1 Here and throughout the next verse, **he** refers to the priest. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma before: “and the priest shall present” and he shall present 5:8 bz85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִמּ֥וּל עָרְפּ֖וֹ 1 The expression **from the back of its neck** refers to the nape of the bird's neck. The priest was instructed to take hold of this location on the bird and twist it, such that the bird was killed but the head was not removed completely. If your language has a word for this part of a bird’s body, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “from the nape of the bird’s neck” from the back of its neck 5:9 e1cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִזָּ֞ה מִדַּ֤ם 1 See how you handled the implied information in this symbolic action in [1:5](../01/05.md). And he shall sprinkle some of the blood of 5:9 d3jq וְהַנִּשְׁאָ֣ר בַּדָּ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining blood” And the remainder in the blood 5:10 ens1 וְאֶת־הַשֵּׁנִ֛י יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה עֹלָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “And the second he shall prepare as a burnt offering” And the second one he shall make a burnt offering 5:10 t4n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 The phrase **according to the regulation** refers to the commandments and instructions of Yahweh given to the people of Israel, likely the regulations for burnt offerings that Yahweh gave in the first chapter of Leviticus. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “according to the instructions for burnt offerings that Yahweh gave to the people of Israel” according to the regulation 5:10 xgmn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מֵחַטָּאת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ׃ס 1 Here, the pronouns **him**, **his**, and **he** refer not to the priest but to the individual who acquired guilt by sinning in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall make atonement for the individual from his sin that the individual sinned, and it will be forgiven to that individual” And the priest shall make atonement for him from his sin that he sinned, and it will be forgiven to him 5:10 sf4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן מֵחַטָּאת֥וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him from his sin 5:10 lm1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מֵחַטָּאת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א 1 See how you handled the poetic repetition of words in the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). from his sin that he sinned 5:10 v199 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). and it will be forgiven to him 5:11 l7oh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאִם־לֹא֩ תַשִּׂ֨יג יָד֜וֹ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֗ים אוֹ֮ לִשְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 Like the similar expression in [5:7](../04/26.md), the phrase **if his hand does not reach** is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to purchase one of these kinds of birds for a sacrifice. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if he is unable to purchase two turtledoves or two sons of a pigeon for himself” But if his hand does not reach two turtledoves or two sons of a pigeon 5:11 suid rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown תֹרִ֗ים & בְנֵי־יוֹנָה֒ 1 See how you translated these terms in [1:14](../01/14.md). turtledoves & sons of a pigeon 5:11 id4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְהֵבִ֨יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֜וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֗א 1 As in [5:7](../05/07.md), the expression **his offering that he sinned** is an abbreviated form of the similar phrase found in [5:6](../05/06.md) and leaves out some words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful, you could supply the missing words from [5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “then he shall bring his offering for his sin that he sinned” then he shall bring his offering that he sinned 5:11 cq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֲשִׂירִ֧ת הָאֵפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת 1 An **ephah** is an ancient measurement of volume equivalent to approximately 22.8 liters. Consequently, a **tenth of an ephah** is a little more than two liters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “about two liters of flour” a tenth of an ephah of flour 5:11 lta4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction עֲשִׂירִ֧ת 1 A **tenth** is one part out of ten equal parts. a tenth of 5:11 eq3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלֹא־יִתֵּ֤ן עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ לְבֹנָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the idiom in the similar expression in [2:15](../02/15.md). on it and he shall not give incense 5:11 opzs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֥י חַטָּ֖את הִֽיא 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period preceding: “This is because this flour is being offered as a sin offering” for it {is} a sin offering 5:12 hn99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וֶהֱבִיאָהּ֮ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the tenth of an ephah of flour mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the tenth of an ephah of flour” And he shall bring it 5:12 f7f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְקָמַ֣ץ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן ׀ מִ֠מֶּנָּה מְל֨וֹא קֻמְצ֜וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). and the priest shall grab from it, {with} the fullness of his handful 5:12 vzu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And he shall cause {it} to become smoke on the altar 5:13 g136 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him 5:13 o7ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־חַטָּאת֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א מֵֽאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵ֖לֶּה 1 The expression **from one from these** refers to the commandments of Yahweh that the individual sinned and violated in the ways described in [5:1–4](../05/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “for his sin that he sinned with regard to one of these ways of violating Yahweh's commandments about ways a person can unintentionally become guilty” for his sin that he sinned from one of these 5:13 vf2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַל־חַטָּאת֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֛א 1 See how you translated these poetically repeated terms in [4:27](../04/27.md) and [4:35](../04/35.md) and the similar expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). for his sin that he sinned 5:13 dncf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מֵֽאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵ֖לֶּה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md). from one of these 5:13 zpm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֑וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). and it will be forgiven to him 5:13 jpzd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהָיְתָ֥ה לַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 The expression **it will be for the priest** means that the portion of the tenth of an ephah of flour that is not burned as part of the memorial portion (as described in [5:12](../05/12.md)) should belong to the priest performing the sacrifice as his food, just as is the case with the portion of the **grain offering** that is not burnt as part of the memorial portion. Alternate translation: “And the remaining portion of the flour that was not burned as part of the memorial portion shall belong to the priest as his food” And it shall be for the priest 5:14 ymzk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 5:15 at39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּֽי־ תִמְעֹ֣ל 1 As in [5:1](../05/01.md) and [5:2](../05/02.md), although the word translated **A person** is feminine, it has a generic sense that refers to any person who approaches the tent to make a sacrifice. If your language has a generic word for an individual that is grammatically feminine, consider using it here, or use a generic noun. See how you handled the similar phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [4:1](../04/01.md). Alternate translation: “When any person trespasses” or “When someone trespasses” A person, when he trespasses 5:15 sst7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry תִמְעֹ֣ל מַ֔עַל 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he trespasses** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **trespass**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. he trespasses a trespass 5:15 peon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְחָֽטְאָה֙ בִּשְׁגָגָ֔ה מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **sins by mistake from the holy things of Yahweh** means to violate Yahweh's commands regarding the proper treatment of the sacred space and the sacred objects related to the worship of Yahweh. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and he sins by mistake with regard to Yahweh's commandments about how to behave in the sacred space and handle the sacred objects consecrated to Yahweh” and he sins by mistake from the holy {things} of Yahweh 5:15 mcd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְחָֽטְאָה֙ בִּשְׁגָגָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:2](../04/02.md). and he sins by mistake 5:15 vtk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨וֹ לַֽיהוָ֜ה 1 Here, to **bring** the required sacrifice **to Yahweh** refers to carrying the sacrifice to the altar that is located at the entrance of the tent of meeting, as described with the other sacrificial processes in the previous chapters. Because the tent of meeting was where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, taking the offering to the altar is considered the same as bringing it directly to Yahweh himself. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he shall bring his guilt to the altar that is located inside the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” then he shall bring his guilt to Yahweh 5:15 yhj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵבִיא֩ אֶת־אֲשָׁמ֨וֹ 1 As in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:7](../05/07.md), here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt but to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “then he shall bring the sacrifice required to make restitution for his guilt” then he shall bring his guilt 5:15 sx6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּמִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this term in [1:3](../01/03.md). perfect 5:15 gfnv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַצֹּ֗אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:6](../05/06.md). from the flock 5:15 cjex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֛ 1 The expression **in your valuation** refers to the process of determining the monetary value of the ram described in this verse through the use of weights, using **the shekel of the holy place** as a base measurement. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “along with your assessment of the value of the ram in silver” in your valuation 5:15 hf2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֛ 1 Even though Yahweh is speaking to a group of people, the pronoun **you** is singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. in your valuation 5:15 nwrl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֛ כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֥ים בְּשֶֽׁקֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **silver shekel** that was used in **the holy place** was an ancient measurement of the weight of silver that functioned as a currency, equivalent to approximately 10 grams or two-fifths of an ounce of silver. You could try to express this amount in terms of the current monetary value of silver, but that might cause your translation to become outdated and inaccurate since those values can change over time. Instead, consider using a generic phrase. Alternate translation: “in your valuation, the standard weight of silver that is used by the priests in the holy place” in your valuation, silver shekels, in the shekel of the holy {place 5:15 rptx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **holy place** is another way of saying the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the holy space of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” the holy {place 5:15 ozia rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְאָשָֽׁם 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, the **guilt offering** was a special kind of sacrifice that made restitution for the desecrated object that was was mishandled by the individual who sinned unintentionally with regard to the sacred objects consecrated to Yahweh. for a guilt offering 5:16 gao6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א מִן־הַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּ֗ם 1 The expression **he shall restore** does not mean that the guilty individual must physically replace the desecrated object in the sacred tent. Rather, the expression refers to the process of bringing the monetary value of the object in silver (in addition to one-fifth of its value) to the priest as part of the sacrifice. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “And he shall make restitution for that which he which he sinned” And that which he sinned from the holy {thing}, he shall restore 5:16 rlc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר֩ חָטָ֨א 1 The expression **that which he sinned** refers to the specific sacred object that the person desecrated by mishandling it according to the commandments of Yahweh regarding the proper treatment of sacred objects. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And whatever item that he desecrated by mishandling it” And that which he sinned 5:16 zf4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִן־הַקֹּ֜דֶשׁ 1 The expression **from the holy thing** refers to the sacred items that are consecrated to Yahweh for special use in the sacred tent. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “regarding the sacred items that are consecrated to Yahweh” from the holy {thing 5:16 nl4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֶת־חֲמִֽישִׁתוֹ֙ יוֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֔יו 1 Here the pronoun **it** refers to **that which he sinned**. However, the expressions **a fifth of it** and **he will add to it** do not refer to the addition of a physical portion of the sacred object. Rather, these expressions refer to the item’s monetary value. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and a fifth of the value of the sacred object he shall add to the value of that object” and a fifth of it he shall add to it 5:16 g15p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction חֲמִֽישִׁתוֹ֙ 1 The **fifth** is one part out of five equal parts. and a fifth of it 5:16 yvax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְנָתַ֥ן אֹת֖וֹ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the monetary sum of the value of the sacred item plus **a fifth of it**, resulting in 120% of the value of the original item. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “and he shall give the value of the sacred object, plus a fifth of its value” and he shall give it 5:16 c3af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְהַכֹּהֵ֗ן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../05/06.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him 5:16 geu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּאֵ֥יל הָאָשָׁ֖ם 1 Here, the expression **the ram of the guilt offering** uses the possessive form to describe a **ram** that is characterized by its use as a **guilt offering**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning generically. Alternate translation: “with the ram that the individual offers as a guilt offering” with the ram of the guilt offering 5:16 c61p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). and it will be forgiven to him 5:17 r03h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְאִם־נֶ֨פֶשׁ֙ כִּ֣י תֶֽחֱטָ֔א 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [5:1](../05/01.md), [5:2](../05/02.md), and [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “And when anyone sins” or “And when someone sins” And if a person, when he sins 5:17 aht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְעָֽשְׂתָ֗ה אַחַת֙ מִכָּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:22](../04/22.md). and he does one {thing} from all the commands of Yahweh, which shall not be done 5:17 onsa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאָשֵׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:2](../05/02.md). then he becomes guilty 5:17 kv1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָשָׂ֥א עֲוֺנֽוֹ 1 See how you handled both this idiom and the abstract noun in [5:1](../05/01.md). and he shall bear his iniquity 5:18 w18m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַצֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). a perfect ram from the flock 5:18 wdm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). in your valuation 5:18 a3a9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְאָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how your translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). for a guilt offering 5:18 pf98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּר֩ עָלָ֨יו הַכֹּהֵ֜ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him 5:18 vzbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֣ל שִׁגְגָת֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁגָ֛ג 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he mistook** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **mistake**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “for his unintentional mistake” for his mistake that he mistook 5:18 w9fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This phrase is a parenthetical aside that functions to provide essential background information for the current thought. That the individual **himself did not know** clarifies that he has done wrong without knowing it, as opposed to flagrantly defying Yahweh’s commandments (that is, the “sin with a high hand”). Alternate translation: “but he was unaware” but he himself did not know 5:18 irws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This expression uses the reflexive pronoun **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that the person who previously was unaware of their unintentional sin has now come to realize what they had done. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “but even he did not know” but he himself did not know 5:18 xtjs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְה֥וּא לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע 1 This expression leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but he himself did not know that he had previously made this mistake” but he himself did not know 5:18 t3jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֥ח לֽוֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:20](../04/20.md). and it will be forgiven to him 5:19 uez7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). is} a guilt offering 5:19 sa8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַיהוָֽה 1 The expression **being guilty, he is guilty** translates a verb that is repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh certainly considers him guilty” he is surely guilty to Yahweh 6:intro yt3w Missing General Notes 0 # Leviticus 6 General Notes 6:1 fi2o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 6:2 gp5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּמָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל 1 See how you translated the similar generic use of feminine pronouns in [2:1](../02/01.md). A person, when he sins and he trespasses a trespass 6:2 s69l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וּמָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל 1 See how you translated the similar expression using repeated words in [5:15](../05/15.md). and he trespasses a trespass 6:2 visv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ 1 As with the feminine pronouns, the pronouns **he** and **his** refer generally to any Israelite. If the switch from feminine pronouns to masculine would be confusing in your language, consider using a generic word for a person. Alternate translation: “and that person denies his fellow citizen” and he denies his fellow citizen 6:2 hezk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, in the context of [6:2–3](../06/02.md), the expression **denies his fellow citizen** is an idiom that refers to the actions whereby someone swears a socially-binding oath with a member of their family or clan and commits himself or herself to certain actions regarding the other person, but afterward fails to behave in accordance with the stipulations of the oath. This could be done by stealing from the other individual, extorting them out of wages or any owed money, finding something that belongs to the other individual but failing to return it, or any other way of proving that the original oath was taken without intent to abide by it honestly. If the idiom here does not communicate this meaning in your language, consider using a more general expression. Alternate translation: “and he acts in such a way that breaks an oath that he made with his fellow citizen” and he denies his fellow citizen 6:2 jfwm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ 1 Here, a **fellow citizen** does not refer to “citizens” in a modern sense. Rather the expression refers to another Israelite, probably a direct member of an individual’s immediate or extended family or wider clan network. If the term **citizen** would be misleading in your language, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a member of his immediate or extended family or clan” his fellow citizen 6:2 k1zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּפִקָּד֗וֹן 1 This **deposit** refers to either (1) a monetary down payment that served to guarantee the full payment of a larger amount. Alternate translation: “with a down payment on a larger owed sum” or (2) an item that was given from one individual to another for safekeeping. Alternate translation: “with an item given to him for safekeeping” with a deposit 6:2 vren rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֽוֹ־בִתְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ 1 The expression **a pledge of a hand** refers to a physical item that is given from one member of a community to another. This item would commit the individual who received it to carry out the stipulations of the oath. Alternate translation: “or with a physical item that served as a reminder of the terms of the oath made between them” or with a pledge of a hand 6:2 grkn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns א֣וֹ בְגָזֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **robbery**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “or by robbing him” or with robbery 6:2 d182 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽוֹ 1 Here, to **extort** a **fellow citizen** refers to an employer refusing to pay an employee his or her wages or one member of a party willfully withholding a previously agreed-upon amount of money from the other. If this is not clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or he refuses to pay his employees or intentionally withholds money that he agreed to pay to his fellow citizen” or he extorts his fellow citizen 6:3 f043 וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר עַל־אַחַ֗ת מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הָאָדָ֖ם לַחֲטֹ֥א בָהֵֽנָּה 1 Alternate translation: “and he swears on a lie in any of the ways people act and consequently sin” or he swears on a lie regarding one {thing} from all that which humanity does to sin by them 6:3 shnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ע עַל־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 The expression **swears on a lie** is an idiom that refers to taking an oath with another person deceitfully, that is, with the intention not to carry out the required actions of the oath. Alternate translation: “or he swears an oath without the intention to fulfill the conditions of the oath and so swears the oath deceitfully” or he swears on a lie 6:3 zsj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ע 1 The expression **he swears** does not refer to the use of profanity or taboo language. Rather, it refers to taking an oath with another person that publicly binds an individual to particular actions. If this meaning is not clear in your language or if the use of the expression **he swears** would be confusing, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or he makes an oath with another Israelite” or he swears 6:4 k9s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־יֶחֱטָ֣א וְאָשֵׁם֒ 1 The expression **when he sins** refers to committing any of the wrongdoings regarding taking an oath with a fellow Israelite described in [6:2–3](../06/02.md). If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he sins in any of the ways just described and so becomes guilty” when he sins and he becomes guilty 6:4 esh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאָשֵׁם֒ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:2](../05/02.md) and throughout the previous chapter. and he becomes guilty 6:4 otmd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אֶת־הַגְּזֵלָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֗ל 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he robbed** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **robbery**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “whatever he stole” the robbery that he robbed 6:4 ge0n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry א֤וֹ אֶת־הָעֹ֨שֶׁק֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׁ֔ק 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he extorted** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **extortion**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “or whatever money he refused to pay” or the extortion that he extorted 6:4 d32h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אֶת־ הַפִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑וֹ 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **was deposited** translates a verb that is related to the noun translated **deposit**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. If not, consider using a generic expression: “whatever was deposited with him” the deposit that was deposited with him 6:4 skzc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַפִּקָּד֔וֹן 1 See how you translated this term in [6:2](../06/02.md). the deposit 6:4 eja8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his fellow citizen deposited with him” that was deposited with him 6:5 ngzt א֠וֹ מִכֹּ֞ל אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָיו֮ לַשֶּׁקֶר֒ 1 Alternate translation: “or in whatever way he deceitfully swore and did not fulfill his oath” or from all that he swore concerning it to the lie 6:5 pux9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִשָּׁבַ֣ע עָלָיו֮ לַשֶּׁקֶר֒ 1 See how you translated the similar idiom in [6:3](../06/03.md). he swore concerning it to the lie 6:5 dmrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשִׁלַּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ 1 The expression **he will restore it** refers to paying back the monetary value of whatever the individual stole, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he shall repay the value of whatever he has stolen, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite” then he shall restore it 6:5 sv3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ 1 The expression **in its head** is an emphatic idiom that means “totally” or “completely.” In this context, it connotes repaying the entire value of the monetary value of whatever the individual has stolen, extorted, or withheld from his fellow Israelite. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “completely” or “in full” in its head 6:5 vi6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַחֲמִשִׁתָ֖יו יֹסֵ֣ף עָלָ֑יו 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the monetary value of what the individual owes. See how you translated this in [5:16](../05/16.md). and he shall add the fifth of it to it 6:5 tr1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction וַחֲמִשִׁתָ֖יו 1 The **fifth** is one part out of five equal parts. and & the fifth of it 6:5 n94x לַאֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֥וּא ל֛וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “To whomever it is owed” To whomever it {is} to him 6:5 ilm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִתְּנֶ֖נּוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the full monetary value of what the individual owes plus the additional one-fifth that the law requires. Alternate translation: “he shall give the full monetary amount of what is owed plus the required extra one-fifth” he shall give it 6:5 csvs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּי֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽוֹ 1 Here, the expression **on the day of his guilt** uses the possessive form to describe either: (1) any **day** that is characterized by the onset of **guilt**, both in the sense of the internal feeling of having committed wrongdoing and in the legal sense of needing to provide restitution for that wrongdoing. Alternate translation: “whenever he realizes that he is guilty” or (2) the day on which this individual offers their guilt offering. Alternate translation: “one the day when he offers his guilt offering” on the day of his guilt 6:5 szar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּי֥וֹם אַשְׁמָתֽוֹ 1 Here, the abstract noun **guilt** does not refer to the guilt offering to which the same expression in [5:6](../05/06.md) and elsewhere in the previous chapter referred. Rather, it refers to either: (1) both the internal sense of having committed wrongdoing and the legal state of needing to provide reparations for that wrongdoing, whether intentional or unintentional, in the same sense as the expression that you encountered in [6:4](../06/04.md). Alternate translation: “on the day that he becomes guilty” or (2) the individual's guilt offering. Alternate translation: “on the day when he offers his guilt offering” on the day of his guilt 6:6 v5ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־אֲשָׁמ֥וֹ יָבִ֖יא לַיהוָ֑ה 1 As in [5:6](../05/06.md), here, **his guilt** does not refer to the legal status of guilt or to the feeling of having committed wrongdoing, but to the required penalty for that person’s guilt, that is, the sacrifice that will provide atonement for the individual’s guilt that he acquired by sinning unintentionally. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he shall bring the sacrifice required to make restitution for his guilt to Yahweh” And he shall bring his guilt to Yahweh 6:6 yr8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַיהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this metonymy in [5:6](../05/06.md) and [5:15](../05/15.md). to Yahweh 6:6 sw7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אַ֣יִל תָּמִ֧ים מִן־הַצֹּ֛אן 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). a perfect ram from the flock 6:6 b7td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). in your valuation 6:6 fppq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְאָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [5:15](../05/15.md). for a guilt offering 6:7 ybw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him 6:7 mnh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 6:7 n4ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֑וֹ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to the individual offering the sacrifice, not to the priest. If this is not clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and it will be forgiven to the individual who offers the sacrifice” and it will be forgiven to him 6:7 ixwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will forgive him” and it will be forgiven to him 6:7 wgkg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־אַחַ֛ת מִכֹּ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לְאַשְׁמָ֥ה בָֽהּ 1 In the phrase **all that he does to his guilt**, the abstract noun **guilt** is not the indirect object of the verb **does**, but its result or consequence. In other words, the person’s **guilt** comes as a result of something that they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “concerning one thing from all that he does and becomes guilty by doing it” concerning one {thing} from all that he does to {his} guilt with it 6:7 eclt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִכֹּ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לְאַשְׁמָ֥ה 1 The pronouns **he** and **his** do not refer here to a specific person, but generally to anyone who does something that causes him to acquire legal guilt. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “from all that any individual might do to his guilt” or “from everything that someone could do to his guilt” from all that he does to {his} guilt 6:8 kaur rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 6:8-9 zk2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּאמֹֽר & צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to command Aaron and his sons” saying & Command Aaron and his sons, saying 6:9 hck7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו 1 As in [2:2](../02/02.md), at the time when Yahweh spoke to Moses from the tent of meeting, **Aaron** and *his sons** constituted the priesthood. But these instructions also applied to future generations, when the term “sons” would be a way of referring to the priests as Aaron's “descendants.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could use that term, which would apply to both the original priests and their successors. Alternate translation: “Aaron and to his descendants” Aaron and his sons 6:9 hxc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 6:9 eo2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֖ת הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 Here, the expression **the instruction of the burnt offering** uses the possessive form to describe **instruction** that concerns **the burnt offering**. Alternate translation: “the instruction regarding how the priest should perform the burnt offering” is} the instruction of the burnt offering 6:9 cs53 הִ֣וא הָעֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 Alternate translation: “It, the burnt offering is on the hearth, on the altar” It {is} the burnt offering on the hearth, on the altar 6:9 jopw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 The **hearth** of **the altar** refers to the flat top of the altar where the sacrifices would be placed on top of burning coals or wood. As such, the expression **on the hearth** and **on the altar** mean basically the same thing. The second expression emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “on the top of the altar where the burning wood and coals are” on the hearth, on the altar 6:9 a961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאֵ֥שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priests should keep the fire of the altar burning” And the fire of the altar shall be made to burn on it 6:9 kjwz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאֵ֥שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 Here, the expression **the fire of the altar** uses the possessive form to describe **fire** that is located on **altar**. Alternate translation: “And the fire that is on top of the altar” And the fire of the altar 6:10 ko21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִדּ֣וֹ בַ֗ד 1 This **linen robe** is described in [Exodus 28:1–5](../exo/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:31–35](../exo/28/31.md). It was a blue linen robe made of one piece of fabric, covered in a design of blue, purple, and scarlet pomegranates, and included gold bells on the hem. If your language has a term for a special outer garment, especially in religious contexts, consider using it here. his linen robe 6:10 fpgc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַ֗ד & בַד֮ 1 "This **linen** is a flax-based textile made from fibers derived from the stems of the flax plant. If your language does not have a word for this kind of fabric, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “fine fabric … fine fabric""" linen & linen 6:10 wc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ 1 These **undergarments of linen** are described in [Exodus 28:1–5](../exo/28/01.md) and [Exod 28:42–43](../exo/28/43.md). Covering the priest from the waist to the thigh, they were required whenever the priest entered the tent of meeting or approached the altar to perform a sacrifice. If your language has a word for special undergarments that a person might wear in religious contexts, consider using it here. Alternate translation: “and his ceremonial linen underwear” and the undergarments of linen 6:10 tfzo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ֒ 1 Here, **flesh** is either: (1) an idiomatic expression for bare skin. Alternate translation: “he should wear directly on his skin” or 2) a euphemism for male genitals. Alternate translation: “he should wear in order to cover his genitals” he shall wear on his flesh 6:10 m8t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהֵרִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: “And he shall remove” And he shall raise up 6:10 y6a1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַדֶּ֗שֶׁן 1 See how you translated this term in [1:16](../01/16.md). the fatty ash 6:10 m875 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָאֵ֛שׁ אֶת־ הָעֹלָ֖ה עַל־ הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Leviticus uses the image of **the fire** consuming or eating **the burnt offering** to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burns it until it is **fatty ash**. If your language has a similar idiom used to describe a fire that completely burns something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “where the fire has completely burned the burnt offerings on the altar so that they are now nothing but ash” where the fire consumes the burnt offering on the altar 6:10 m85x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׂמ֕וֹ 1 The pronoun **it** refers here to the **fatty ash** that has accumulated on the altar. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and he shall put the fatty ash that has accumulated** and he shall put it 6:11 hr24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו 1 Here, **his clothes** refers to the linen robe and the linen undergarments described in the previous verse. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his linen robe and undergarments” his clothes 6:11 ggt0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים 1 Here, **other clothes** refers to common, everyday clothing that the priest owns that could be used for removing the ash to the clean place without the danger of making something sacred, like his special linen clothing, become desecrated and common. Alternate translation: “other, everyday, common clothing” other clothes 6:12 w5lh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהָאֵ֨שׁ עַל־ הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־ בּוֹ֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). But the fire on the altar shall be made to burn on it 6:12 z80u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֑קֶר 1 The repetition of the phrase **in the morning** is an emphatic way to say “every morning.” If your language also uses repetition for emphasis in this way, consider doing so here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every morning” or “morning by morning” in the morning, in the morning 6:12 xjsb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלֶ֧יהָ & עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ & עָלֶ֖יהָ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to **the fire on the altar**. Alternate translation: “on the fire that is on the altar ... on that same fire ... on the altar’s fire” on it, & on it & on it 6:12 xpmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖יהָ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he shall cause & to become smoke on it 6:12 jp9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֶלְבֵ֥י הַשְּׁלָמִֽים 1 The **fat of the peace offerings** refers to the portions of fat described in [3:3–4](../03/03.md) and elsewhere in chapter 3. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the fat portions that are required for the peace offerings, including the fat covering the innards, all the fat that is on the innards, the two kidneys and the fat that is on them that is by the loins, and the lobe on the liver” the fat of the peace offerings 6:13 j84c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֵ֗שׁ תָּמִ֛יד תּוּקַ֥ד עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). Fire shall be made to burn continually on the altar 6:14 xwgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַמִּנְחָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md). Alternate translation: “And this is the instruction regarding how the priest should perform the grain offering” And this {is} the instruction of the grain offering 6:14 nch7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). sons of Aaron 6:14 k3r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precinct of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 6:14 os48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ 1 The expression **toward the face of the altar** is an idiom that refers to the space in front of the front side of the altar. Alternate translation: “before the altar” or “in the space in front of the altar” toward the face of the altar 6:15 zrxr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהֵרִ֨ים מִמֶּ֜נּוּ 1 Here the pronoun **he** refers to the priest who is offering the grain offering. If it be helpful in your language, consider making the reference explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall raise up from it” And he shall raise up from it 6:15 vkkx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִסֹּ֤לֶת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:1](../02/01.md). some of the flour of 6:15 yu8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And he will cause everything to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward God in heaven” And he shall cause to become smoke {on} the altar 6:16 q6ww וְהַנּוֹתֶ֣רֶת מִמֶּ֔נָּה 1 Alternate translation: “And the rest of the grain offering” And the remainder from it 6:16 vytc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֑יו 1 See how you translated the similar way of referring to the priests in [2:2](../02/02.md). Aaron and his sons 6:16 l34o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism מַצּ֤וֹת תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָדֹ֔שׁ בַּחֲצַ֥ר אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד יֹאכְלֽוּהָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Unleavened bread should be eaten in a holy place. Specifically, the priests should eat it in the courtyard of the tent of meeting” Unleavened bread, it shall be eaten in a holy place; in the courtyard of the tent of meeting, they shall eat it 6:16 yl98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַצּ֤וֹת תֵּֽאָכֵל֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They shall eat the unleavened bread” Unleavened bread, it shall be eaten 6:17 scb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֤א תֵאָפֶה֙ חָמֵ֔ץ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not bake it with leaven” It shall not be baked {with} leaven 6:17 jbz4 חֶלְקָ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖הּ 1 Alternate translation: “I have given them their portion” Their portion, I have given it 6:17 p4ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns חֶלְקָ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖הּ 1 Here the pronoun **Their** refers to Aaron and his sons, mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “I have given the portion belonging to Aaron and his sons to them” Their portion, I have given it 6:17 sw40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֶלְקָ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֹתָ֖הּ מֵאִשָּׁ֑י 1 The phrase **Their portion** refers to the portion of the grain offering that remains after the memorial portion has been lifted out and burned. This remaining portion was to be reserved for the priests to eat. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From all my gifts, I have given to the priests for food the portion of the grain offering that is left over after the memorial portion is burned” Their portion, I have given it from my gifts 6:17 rvti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֤דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים֙ הִ֔וא 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). It {is} a holy thing of holy things 6:17 k5hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּחַטָּ֖את 1 See how you translated this term in [4:3](../04/03.md). like the sin offering 6:17 vnhv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְכָאָשָֽׁם 1 See how you translated this term in [5:15](../05/15.md). and like the guilt offering 6:18 imdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative כָּל־זָכָ֞ר בִּבְנֵ֤י אַהֲרֹן֙ יֹֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה 1 This expression uses a future statement to issue permission. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” Every male among the sons of Aaron will eat it 6:18 n55t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [2:3](../02/03.md). from the gifts of Yahweh 6:18 n43x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בָּהֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ 1 This could mean: (1) any object or person that touches the portion of the offering reserved for the priests’ food becomes as holy as the portion itself. Alternate translation: “Anyone or anything that touches them becomes holy” (2) any person who touches this offering must be someone set apart for handling sacred items, that is, the priests alone. Alternate translation: “Anyone who touches them must be holy themselves” Anything that touches them will be holy 6:19 sx4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 6:20 m3en rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry קָרְבַּן֩ & יַקְרִ֣יבוּ 1 See how you translated the emphatic repetition of these words in [1:2](../01/02.md). is} the offering of & they shall present 6:20 gu1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַהֲרֹ֨ן וּבָנָ֜יו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). Aaron and his sons 6:20 skd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ 1 The expression **the day of his being anointed** implies that **Aaron and his sons** are anointed in order to become priests. If it would be helpful in your language, consider providing this implied information. Alternate translation: “on the day of his being anointed to serve as a priest” on the day of his being anointed 6:20 utnw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the day when the high priest anoints a son of Aaron to become a priest” on the day of his being anointed 6:20 x202 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּיוֹם֙ הִמָּשַׁ֣ח אֹת֔וֹ 1 The possessive pronoun **his** refers in a general way to any individual male descendent of **Aaron** who will be anointed to be a priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day of the anointing of any of the sons of Aaron” on the day of his being anointed 6:20 ja5e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume עֲשִׂירִ֨ת הָאֵפָ֥ה סֹ֛לֶת 1 An **ephah** is an ancient measurement of volume equivalent to approximately 22.8 liters. Consequently, a **tenth of an ephah** is a little more than two liters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “about two liters of flour” a tenth of an ephah of flour 6:20 uya3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction עֲשִׂירִ֨ת 1 A **tenth** is one part of ten equal parts. a tenth of 6:20 yptr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מַחֲצִיתָ֣הּ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וּמַחֲצִיתָ֖הּ בָּעָֽרֶב 1 This expression leaves out some words that may be essential for understanding in some languages. The phrase refers to a requirement to bring **half** of the prescribed grain offering in the first half of the day, and the other half later on, in the second half of the day. If it would be helpful in your language, consider starting a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “The priest should bring half of the grain offering in the morning and the other half in the evening” half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening 6:21 kkw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest should prepare it in oil on a griddle” It shall be made on a griddle in oil 6:21 w6vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַֽל־מַחֲבַ֗ת בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶן תֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 This expression refers to a method of cooking flour that has been mixed with oil similar to modern-day pan-frying. The batter, comprised of wheat flour and oil, is placed on a hot, flat surface that has been coated with a generous amount of olive oil. If your language has a word for this method of cooking, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “It shall be pan-fried in olive oil on a griddle ” It shall be made on a griddle in oil 6:21 r8ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַחֲבַ֗ת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:5](../02/05.md). a griddle 6:21 j4wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֻרְבֶּ֣כֶת 1 The word translated **Mixed** refers to either (1) the flour and oil being “well-mixed” or “kneaded.” Alternate translation: “You should bring it well kneaded” or (2) the flour being “well soaked” with oil. Alternate translation: “You should bring it thoroughly soaked with oil” Mixed 6:21 u6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תְּבִיאֶ֑נָּה & תַּקְרִ֥יב 1 As the General Introduction to the book of Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even in a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person pronouns would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “he shall bring it … he shall present” you shall bring it; & you shall present 6:22 ciwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַמָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛יו מִבָּנָ֖יו יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑הּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the unique grain offering required on the day of the priest’s anointing for the priesthood, as described in [6:19–20](../06/19.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest under him from his sons should prepare this particular grain offering” And the anointed priest under him from his sons shall do it 6:22 o4t3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַמָּשִׁ֧יחַ תַּחְתָּ֛יו 1 The expression **the anointed priest under him** refers to the priest from among the descendants of the current high priest who has been appointed to be the next high priest. If your language has a similar idiom to express succession, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “And the anointed priest who will succeed him” And the anointed priest under him 6:22 mihg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַמָּשִׁ֧יחַ 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the high priest in [4:3](../04/03.md). And the anointed priest 6:22 qs7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לַיהוָ֖ה כָּלִ֥יל תָּקְטָֽר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. To formulate this sentence with an active form, see how you translated the expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “the priests should burn the whole offering and so cause it to become smoke on the altar and ascend towards Yahweh in heaven” to Yahweh, a whole {offering} shall be made to become smoke 6:23 lhn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכָל־מִנְחַ֥ת כֹּהֵ֛ן כָּלִ֥יל תִּהְיֶ֖ה 1 This phrase instructs the priests to remember to offer this particular grain offering in its entirety, as opposed to the normal grain offerings, where the priest only burned the portion that he lifted out with a handful of the pieces that he chose to crumble up on the altar. In these cases, the rest of the grain offering was permitted to be kept by the priest for food. Alternate translation: “As opposed to normal grain offerings, remember, this special grain offering that a priest offers when the high priest anoints him to become a priest should be offered on the altar in its entirety” And every grain offering of the priest shall be a whole {offering 6:23 v7ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one should eat this special grain offering that a priest offers when the high priest anoints him to become a priest” It shall not be eaten 6:24 iwut rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 6:24-25 jr62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּאמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־ אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־ בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He told Moses to say to Aaron and his sons” saying & Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying 6:25 xb9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 6:25 m73v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֖ת הַֽחַטָּ֑את 1 As is the case with the similar expression in [6:9](../06/09.md), the expression **the instruction of the purification offering** uses the possessive form to describe **instruction** regarding **the sin offering**. Alternate translation: “is the instruction concerning how a priest should perform the sin offering” is} the instruction of the sin offering 6:25 e32d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בִּמְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָעֹלָ֜ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in the place where people slaughter the burnt offering” in the place where the burnt offering will be slaughtered 6:25 pld6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּמְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָעֹלָ֜ה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing this specific sacrifice. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe the action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” in the place where the burnt offering will be slaughtered 6:25 zni8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽחַטָּאת֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people should also slaughter the sin offering” the sin offering shall be slaughtered 6:25 grig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). to the face of Yahweh 6:25 g8qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). It {is} a holy thing of holy things 6:26 eaw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּמָק֤וֹם קָדֹשׁ֙ תֵּֽאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He shall eat it in a holy place” In a holy place, it shall be eaten 6:27 is2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּ֥ע בִּבְשָׂרָ֖הּ יִקְדָּ֑שׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [6:18](../06/18.md). Everything that touches its meat will be holy 6:27 hsg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּבְשָׂרָ֖הּ 1 Here, the expression **its meat** refers to the meat of the sin offering. Alternate translation: “the meat of the sin offering that is not burned completely on the altar” its meat 6:27 sjth וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִדָּמָהּ֙ עַל־הַבֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּמָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “And whoever sprinkles some of its blood on any clothing should wash the places where the blood was sprinkled on the clothing in a holy place” And whoever sprinkles some of the blood on the clothing, wherever he sprinkles on it, you shall wash in a holy place 6:27 rd0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִזֶּ֤ה מִדָּמָהּ֙ עַל־הַבֶּ֔גֶד אֲשֶׁר֙ יִזֶּ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ תְּכַבֵּ֖ס בְּמָק֥וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ׃ 1 It is implied that the blood should be sprinkled not on clothing but only on sacred objects, like the altar, in order to cleanse them from the impurity of sin. This phrase refers to a hypothetical scenario in which, in the process of sprinkling the blood on the sacred objects, some blood also comes into contact with someone’s clothing, requiring the clothing to be carefully washed. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the implied information explicit. Alternate translation: “And whoever, in the process of sprinkling blood on the sacred objects of the tent of meeting, also accidentally sprinkles some of the blood on the clothing, wherever he sprinkles on it, he must wash that spot in a holy place” And whoever sprinkles some of the blood on the clothing, wherever he sprinkles on it, you shall wash in a holy place 6:27 rtwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תְּכַבֵּ֖ס 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the book often speaks of the Israelites and to the Israelites in the third person, even though it is a direct address. However, as the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and throughout the rest of the chapter, the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If you have been using third-person pronouns since chapter 4, and the sudden switch to second-person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third-person in your translation. Alternate translation: “a person shall wash” you shall wash 6:28 f316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּכְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest should shatter any container of earthenware in which he has boiled the sin offering” And a container of earthenware, which it is boiled in it, shall be shattered 6:28 wlyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּכְלִי־חֶ֛רֶשׂ & בִּכְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ 1 The **container of earthenware** and the **container of bronze** refer to cooking vessels made from **earthenware** or **bronze**, likely resembling modern kitchen pots, in which meat could be cooked in boiling water. If your language has a specific word for a kitchen pot made from these materials, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And an earthenware pot … in a bronze pot” And a container of earthenware, & in a container of bronze 6:28 sia1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חֶ֛רֶשׂ 1 The **container** is described as made of **earthenware**, which refers to a material similar to clay or potsherds, out of which a pot-shaped vessel could be shaped and baked in a kiln until hardened. If your language has a specific word for this material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “clay” earthenware 6:28 e4tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאִם־בִּכְלִ֤י נְחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if the priest has boiled the sin offering in a container of bronze” But if it is boiled in a container of bronze 6:28 at58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמֹרַ֥ק וְשֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he should scour the bronze container and rinse it with water” then it shall be scoured and it shall be rinsed with water 6:29 al20 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּכֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכַ֣ל אֹתָ֑הּ 1 See how you translated the similar use of a future form to indicate permission in [6:18](../06/18/.md). Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” Every male among the priests will eat it 6:29 cva6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). It {is} a holy thing of holy things 6:30 b4w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־ חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִדָּמָ֜הּ אֶל־ אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But every sin offering that requires the priest to bring some of its blood into the tent of meeting” But every sin offering that some of its blood is brought into the tent of meeting 6:30 pcz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכַפֵּ֥ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). to make atonement 6:30 kgra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ 1 The expression **the holy place** is another way of referring to the portion of the tent of meeting which housed the altar and sacred objects that the priest would sprinkle with the blood of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting” in the holy place 6:30 dt9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 These expressions use a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “it must not be eaten. It must be burned with fire” or “it should not be eaten. It should be burned with fire” it shall not be eaten. It shall be burned with fire 6:30 yz83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one is permitted to eat it” it shall not be eaten 6:30 w6h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priest must burn it” It shall be burned 7:intro nbv3 0 # Leviticus 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Blood\n\nThe people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed animal because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [Leviticus 17:11](../../lev/17/11.md)) 7:1 rct1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָאָשָׁ֑ם 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [5:15](../05/15.md). the guilt offering 7:1 m86w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא 1 See how you translated this expression in [6:17](../06/17.md). It {is} a holy thing of holy things 7:2 w7q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֹלָ֔ה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “In the location where the burnt offering would normally be slaughtered” In the place where they will slaughter the burnt offering 7:2 i8iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ & יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ 1 Here, **they** refers generically to anyone who might perform these actions. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a general expression for a person. Alternate translation: “someone normally slaughters … people shall slaughter” or “an individual slaughters … that individual shall slaughter” they will slaughter & they shall slaughter 7:2 grkl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person יִשְׁחֲטוּ֙ & יִשְׁחֲט֖וּ 1 Although the end of the last chapter addressed the people of Israel using a second-person singular form, here the author of Leviticus addresses everyone who approaches the tent of meeting to sacrifice using a third-person plural form. If the switch from second-person forms to third-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider using whichever form you have been using throughout the previous chapters. they will slaughter & they shall slaughter 7:2 dhkm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הָ֣עֹלָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [1:3](../01/03.md). the burnt offering 7:2 tzsl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֶת־דָּמ֛וֹ יִזְרֹ֥ק 1 The pronoun **he** does not refer to the person offering the sacrifice but, rather, to the priest, the individual normally responsible for splashing **the blood** on **the altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And its blood the priest shall splash” And its blood he shall splash 7:3 xzk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַקְרִ֣יב 1 Here, **he** does not refer to the priest but to the individual offering the sacrifice, the person normally responsible for butchering and preparing the animal’s fat. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the individual offering the sacrifice shall present” he shall present 7:3 xhdr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵ֚ת הָֽאַלְיָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּ֥ה אֶת־הַקֶּֽרֶב 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:9](../03/09.md). the fatty tail and the fat covering the innards 7:4 tiur rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֨לֶב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־הַכְּסָלִ֑ים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated these terms in [3:4](../03/04.md). and the two kidneys and the fat that {is} on them that {is} by the loins and the lobe on the liver 7:5 bh08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֨יר אֹתָ֤ם הַכֹּהֵן֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And the priest shall cause them to become smoke on the altar 7:5 aa8f אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:11](../02/11.md). a gift to Yahweh 7:6 y9wb כָּל־זָכָ֥ר בַּכֹּהֲנִ֖ים יֹאכְלֶ֑נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “Every male among the sons of Aaron is permitted to eat it” or “Every male among the sons of Aaron may eat it” Every male among the priests will eat it 7:6 ei3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they shall eat it” it shall be eaten 7:6 c7x0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). It {is} a holy thing of holy things 7:7 rtkp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כַּֽחַטָּאת֙ כָּֽאָשָׁ֔ם תּוֹרָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לָהֶ֑ם 1 These two expressions mean similar things. They refer to the manner in which the meat for these two sacrifices is to be reserved for the priests’ special portion of food, and so the two expressions are used together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “The guilt offering and the purification offering are alike in this regard” As the sin offering, so the guilt offering. The instruction is one for them 7:7 lm52 יְכַפֶּר 1 See how you handled the use of the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). makes atonement 7:7 ftun rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ל֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה 1 The expression **it will be for him** means that the portion of the animal (in context, the skin of the peace offering, along with the breast meat and the right thigh) belongs to the priest as his allotment from Yahweh. It is questionable whether the skin serves as a food source for the priests, as the other portions do. Rather, it seems likely that the skin would be used for other, unspecified uses. Alternate translation: “these portions of the sacrifice shall belong to him” it shall be for him 7:8 fj85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֶת־עֹ֣לַת אִ֑ישׁ 1 In this expression, although the word **man** is masculine, it refers in a generic way to any individual who offers this sacrifice. The possessive form, **a burnt offering of a man**, does not mean offering a human being as a burnt offering but rather, it means a burnt offering presented by any person, whoever they might be. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic term for a person in this possessive form. Alternate translation: “someone’s burnt offering” or “the burnt offering that anyone might offer” a burnt offering of a man 7:8 nwed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ל֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. It shall be for him 7:9 yc6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־מִנְחָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּֽאָפֶה֙ בַּתַּנּ֔וּר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And any grain offering that someone has baked in an oven” And every grain offering that is baked in an oven 7:9 fwei rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַּתַּנּ֔וּר 1 See how you translated this term in [2:4](../02/04.md). in an oven 7:9 ydb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה בַמַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and anything that someone has made in a pan” and everything made in a pan 7:9 pv1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַמַּרְחֶ֖שֶׁת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:7](../02/07.md). in a pan 7:9 q4xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַחֲבַ֑ת 1 See how you translated this term in [2:5](../02/05.md). a griddle 7:9 ctsy rc://*/ta/man/figs-explicit ל֥וֹ תִֽהְיֶֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). It shall be for him 7:10 ld4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־מִנְחָ֥ה בְלוּלָֽה־בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן וַחֲרֵבָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And every grain offering, whether someone mixes it with oil or offers it dry” And every grain offering, mixed with oil or dry 7:10 jr11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַחֲרֵבָ֑ה 1 The term translated **dry** refers to a grain offering of wheat flour that has not been mixed or kneaded with olive oil. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “or dry and not mixed with any oil” or dry 7:10 ajv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֧י אַהֲרֹ֛ן 1 See how you translated the similar manner of referring to the priests in [1:5](../01/05.md). the sons of Aaron 7:11 afog rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים 1 See how you translated this particular sacrifice in [3:1](../03/01.md). the sacrifice of the peace offerings 7:11 on8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֖יב לַיהוָֽה 1 Here, although the pronoun **he** is masculine, it refers generally to any person who might offer this kind of sacrifice. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic term for a person. Alternate translation: “that someone will present to Yahweh” or “that anyone will present to Yahweh” that he will present to Yahweh 7:11 vj44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֖יב לַיהוָֽה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is being used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “that anyone will present to Yahweh” that he will present to Yahweh 7:12 xekq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense אִ֣ם עַל־תּוֹדָה֮ יַקְרִיבֶנּוּ֒ 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the future tense to describe future action, as if he is here referring to a specific instance where an individual will perform this specific action. Rather, the future tense is being used to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to a specific future action. Alternate translation: “If, hypothetically, he is presenting it for thanksgiving” If he will present it for thanksgiving 7:12 dptw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations יַקְרִיבֶנּוּ֒ 1 Here and throughout the following verses, the word **he** refers generally to anyone who might present this kind of sacrifice to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic term for a person. Alternate translation: “someone will present it” or “anyone will present it” he will present it 7:12 m0zb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַקְרִיבֶנּוּ֒ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the peace offerings. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “he will present a sacrifice of peace offerings” he will present it 7:12 eavh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַל־תּוֹדָה֮ 1 The expression **for thanksgiving** refers to the unique circumstance in which a person might offer a peace offering for the specific purpose of expressing gratitude or thanks to Yahweh for something Yahweh did in his life. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thanksgiving**, you can express the same idea in a verbal form. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of expressing gratitude to Yahweh” for thanksgiving 7:12 o8r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן & וְסֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּשָּֽׁמֶן 1 Based on the similar expression found in [2:4](../02/04.md), the expressions **loaves of unleavened bread mixed with oil** and **loaves mixed with oil** leave out some words that some languages might consider essential for understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, consider clarifying the expressions with the elided words. Alternate translation: “flour mixed with oil into loaves of unleavened bread … flour that has been well-mixed with oil into loaves” loaves of unleavened bread mixed with oil & or mixed flour, loaves mixed with oil 7:12 ohif rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). loaves of unleavened bread 7:12 pjhs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “wafers of unleavened bread with lots of oil on top” or wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil 7:12 wada rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). or wafers of unleavened bread 7:12 ahju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְסֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated the similar passive form in [6:14](../06/14.md). Alternate translation: “flour that the person who prepared it mixed thoroughly” or mixed flour 7:13 yfqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חַלֹּת֙ לֶ֣חֶם חָמֵ֔ץ 1 Here, the expression **loaves of bread with leaven** uses the possessive form to describe a loaf that is characterized by its consisting of **bread** that has been prepared with **leaven**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “leavened bread” loaves of bread {with} leaven 7:13 k8sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חָמֵ֔ץ 1 See how you translated this term in [2:11](../02/11.md). with} leaven 7:13 hpp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry יַקְרִ֖יב קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar use of related words in [1:2](../01/02.md). he shall present his offering 7:13 r2q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֶ֖בַח תּוֹדַ֥ת שְׁלָמָֽיו 1 The expression **the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings** uses the possessive form to describe the animal sacrifices of a peace offering that are being offered for the purposes of expressing gratitude to Yahweh. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the animal sacrifices that constitute his peace offerings that he is offering for thanksgiving” the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings 7:14 onsp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִמֶּ֤נּוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the entire peace offering, including the animal sacrifices and the prescribed grain offerings. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma afterwards: “from everything he is offering as a peace offering, including the animal sacrifice and the grain offerings” from it 7:14 hcz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶחָד֙ מִכָּל־קָרְבָּ֔ן 1 The expression **one from each offering** refers to one portion from the animal sacrifices and one portion from the grain offerings, respectively. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “one portion from the animal sacrifices and one portion from the grain offerings” one from each offering 7:14 efjx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish תְּרוּמָ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה 1 The expression **as a contribution to Yahweh** might seem to imply that Yahweh is asking the people to set aside food for him to eat. However, Yahweh does not need food, and the similar uses of the word **contribution** in [7:32](../07/32.md) and [7:34](../07/34.md) make it clear that this **contribution** is actually for the priests’ food. Make sure that your translation makes this clear and does not imply that the food is for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as a special contribution of food to Yahweh’s priests” as a contribution to Yahweh 7:15 oj47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּבְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔יו בְּי֥וֹם קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ יֵאָכֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall eat the meat of the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings on the day of his offering” And the meat of the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings shall be eaten on the day of his offering 7:15 ib7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּי֥וֹם קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ 1 The expression **on the day of his offering** uses the possessive form to refer to the day on which someone offers this particular offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “on whatever day he offers it” or “whenever he offers it” on the day of his offering 7:15 h75f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּבְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔יו 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thanksgiving**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings that he offers to express gratitude to Yahweh” And the meat of the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offerings 7:15 zeoo עַד־בֹּֽקֶר 1 Alternate translation: “until the next day” until morning 7:16 pt9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣דֶר 1 Here, a **vow** refers to a promise to bring a sacrifice to Yahweh if a prayer is answered in a particular manner. Alternative translation: “is a votive sacrifice” or “is the result of a promise to bring a sacrifice if Yahweh answered his prayer” is} a vow 7:16 ajca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נְדָבָ֗ה 1 Here, a *freewill offering** is a spontaneous offering for the cause of expressing joy and gratitude to God. Alternative translation: “a spontaneous and unprompted sacrifice motivated by joy” a freewill offering 7:16 iiyl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֶ֚בַח קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ 1 The expression, **the sacrifice of his offering**, refers to the portion of the peace offering constituted by animal sacrifices, distinct from the grain offerings that were to be offered alongside those portions. If it would be helpful, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “the portions of the animal sacrifices that come from his peace offerings” the sacrifice of his offering 7:16 tw8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּי֛וֹם הַקְרִיב֥וֹ אֶת־זִבְח֖וֹ 1 As before, the expression **on the day of his presenting his sacrifice** uses the possessive form to refer to any day on which someone offers this particular offering. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “on whatever day he presents his sacrifice” or “whenever he presents his sacrifice” on the day of his presenting his sacrifice 7:16 wgx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֑ל & וְהַנּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the priests should eat it … and they should eat remainder from it” it shall be eaten & and the remainder from it shall be eaten 7:16 z5nx וּמִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וְהַנּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ 1 Alternate translation: “And the next day, the rest of it” And from tomorrow, and the remainder from it 7:17 havi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְהַנּוֹתָ֖ר מִבְּשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑בַח בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ 1 It might seem that the expression **will be burned with fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “But the remainder from the meat of the sacrifice will be completely burned on the third day” But the remainder from the meat of the sacrifice shall be burned with fire on the third day 7:17 fqvh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהַנּוֹתָ֖ר מִבְּשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑בַח בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the priests should burn the remainder of the meat of the sacrifice with fire on the third day” But the remainder from the meat of the sacrifice shall be burned with fire on the third day 7:17 vr3a וְהַנּוֹתָ֖ר מִבְּשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑בַח 1 Alternate translation: “But the remaining meat from the sacrifice” But the remainder from the meat of the sacrifice 7:17 m4fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י 1 The word **third** is the ordinal number for three. The day that the animal is sacrificed counts as the first day. Alternate translation: “after two days” on the third day 7:18 zhtf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִבְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜יו 1 Here the author of Leviticus uses a repetition of the verbal form **is eaten** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And if some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is at any time eaten” And if some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is ever eaten 7:18 oqhi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאִ֣ם הֵאָכֹ֣ל יֵ֠אָכֵל מִבְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜יו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if, eating, anyone eats some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” And if some of the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings is ever eaten 7:18 rfk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א יֵרָצֶה֒ הַמַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept the person who presented it” the person who presented it will not be accepted 7:18 rzi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖וֹ\n 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not account the sacrifice to him” it will not be accounted to him 7:18 em1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֧א יֵחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖וֹ 1 Here, the forgiveness brought about by the sacrifice is spoken of using legal or possibly financial terminology, as if the sacrifice would be accredited to a person’s account before Yahweh. If your language uses similar metaphors to convey these ideas, consider using them here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the person who offers the sacrifice will not be forgiven” it will not be accounted to him 7:18 w5e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פִּגּ֣וּל 1 For the meat of a sacrifice to be **defiled** means that it has remained uneaten for an unacceptably long time such that it is now no longer acceptable to Yahweh. Consequently, eating **defiled** meat would make the sacrifice itself ineffective. If your language has a religious term for this kind of desecrated meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternative translation: “spoiled and unacceptable meat” defiled 7:18 jgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְהַנֶּ֛פֶשׁ הָאֹכֶ֥לֶת מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עֲוֺנָ֥הּ תִּשָּֽׂא 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). And the person, the one eating from it, he shall carry his iniquity 7:18 yorf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עֲוֺנָ֥הּ תִּשָּֽׂא 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [5:1](../05/01.md). he shall carry his iniquity 7:19 ef1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהַבָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֤ע בְּכָל־טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the priests shall not eat the meat that touches any unclean thing” And the meat that touches any unclean {thing} shall not be eaten 7:19 ii69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַבָּשָׂ֞ר 1 The phrase **the meat** does not refer to a specific portion of meat, but rather generally refers to any meat that touches something unclean. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And any meat” And the meat 7:19 k4du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּכָל־טָמֵא֙ 1 See how you translated the use of this term in [5:2](../05/02.md). any unclean {thing 7:19 gnjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף 1 See how you translated this expression in [7:17](../07/17.md). It shall be burned with fire 7:19 b8tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The priests shall burn it” It shall be burned 7:19 zi2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְהַ֨בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 The phrase **the meat** leaves out information that some languages might consider essential to understanding. It refers to clean meat that has not touched anything unclean, in contrast to **the meat that touches any unclean thing**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate expression: “But, as for clean meat that has not touched any unclean thing” But the meat 7:19 cj9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־טָה֖וֹר 1 The expression **any clean person** refers to any individual who has succeeded in remaining ceremonially clean by abstaining from touching anything that would render him unclean, as instructed by Leviticus. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “any person who has not touched anything unclean and so has, himself, remained clean” any clean {person 7:19 ls5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּשָֽׂר 1 The **meat** referred to here is the same as **the meat** that has not touched anything unclean and so is considered clean. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “any clean meat” meat 7:20 rxcw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֗ר 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). And the person who eats meat 7:20 qn8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּשָׂ֗ר מִזֶּ֤בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַיהוָ֔ה 1 The expression **the peace offerings that are for Yahweh** might seem to imply that the peace offerings supply Yahweh with food. However, as stated before, Yahweh does not eat, nor does he need food from human beings. The peace offerings belong to Yahweh in the sense that they are dedicated especially to Yahweh’s special purposes. Consequently, the portions of meat from these sacrifices are not to be used for any common purpose. In your translation, make sure that it is not implied that the meat from these sacrifices provides Yahweh with food. meat from the sacrifice of the peace offerings that {are} for Yahweh 7:20 pk97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו 1 A person who is not fit for God’s special, sacred space is spoken of as if **his uncleanness** were physically resting **on him**. If your language would use a similar metaphor, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he is unclean” and his uncleanness {is} on him 7:20 i2g0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו 1 The words **his** and **him** are being used generically to refer to anyone who might become unclean and so should avoid eating the meat that is especially set apart for holy purposes. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and the uncleanness of that person is on him” and his uncleanness {is} on him 7:20 miq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו 1 See how you handled the abstract noun **uncleanness** in [5:3](../05/03.md). and his uncleanness {is} on him 7:20 iyf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 Again, the word **person** is feminine and refers generically to any individual who has eaten the meat of the sacrifice while he was considered unclean. See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). then that person shall be cut off from his people 7:20 m7mh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 The punishment for a person eating the meat that is dedicated to Yahweh while they are considered unclean is spoken of as if the person were being literally cut off from his people. This could be: (1) an idiom that refers to Yahweh’s executing divine judgment against the individual in some unspecified manner, thus removing the person from the people of God. Alternate translation: “then that person will be punished and removed from her people” or, to avoid the passive form, “then Yahweh will execute divine judgment against that person and remove her from her people” or (2) a metaphor that refers to the people excommunicating the individual from her community. Alternative translation: “then that person should be removed from her people and excommunicated” or, to avoid the passive form, “then the people should remove that person from the people and refuse to have contact with her” then that person shall be cut off from his people 7:20 a43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. For interpretive options for this expression, see the previous note. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shall cut off that person” or ”Yahweh shall cut off that person” then that person shall be cut off 7:21 wmem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְנֶ֜פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תִגַּ֣ע 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). And a person, when he touches 7:21 j99o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּכָל־טָמֵ֗א 1 See how you translated the use of this term in [5:2](../05/02.md). any unclean {thing 7:21 hq6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּטֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ 1 See how you translated the use of this expression in [5:3](../05/03.md). the uncleanness of a man 7:21 g4kv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טְמֵאָ֗ה & טָמֵ֔א 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, the animals considered clean and unclean are described in detail in [11:1–47](../11/01.md). Something was considered unclean and potentially able to defile the space or objects that were dedicated especially for Yahweh and for his purposes when they were culturally associated with death. If your language has a term for this concept, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “ritually polluted ... ritually polluted” or ”taboo ... taboo” unclean & unclean 7:21 n22g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּכָל־שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א 1 This **unclean detestable thing** refers to the specific animals that Yahweh forbids both eating and touching in [11:29–31](../11/29.md). These included the mole rat, the mouse, and several kinds of lizard. If your language has a specific term for the kind of animal that is considered taboo to touch or to eat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “any unclean animal that is forbidden to eat or to touch“ or “any taboo animal” any unclean detestable thing 7:21 qpnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְאָכַ֛ל 1 Here, **he** refers to anyone who might eat the meat of the sacrifice. If it would be helpful, consider using a generic expression for a person. Alternate translation: “and that person eats” and he eats 7:21 eaoo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִבְּשַׂר־זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַיהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). some of the meat of a sacrifice of the peace offerings that {are} for Yahweh 7:21 z5au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). that person shall be cut off from his people 7:22 xw34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 7:22-23 zkjl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּאמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to tell the sons of Israel” saying & Speak to the sons of Israel 7:23 w4mz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 7:23 y5o3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here and until [7:26](../07/26.md), the author of Leviticus switches from the use of third-person forms to the use of second-person plural forms. If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “No one should eat” You shall not eat 7:23 z2p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ 1 Here, **You** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel who would offer sacrifices at the tent of meeting. If your language uses a plural form to address a group of people, consider using that form here. If not, consider using a third-person form, as modeled by the previous note. You shall not eat 7:24 t2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְחֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְחֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in an active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And you shall use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” or, in the third person, “And anyone shall use the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal” And the fat of a carcass or the fat of a torn animal shall be made 7:24 fbok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְחֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ 1 The **fat of a carcass** refers to any fat portion from any animal, wild or domesticated, that has died, usually referring to those animals that have died of natural causes and that any Israelite might find in the desert wilderness. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the fat of any dead animal, whether wild or domesticated, that someone happens to find” And the fat of a carcass 7:24 ggyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְחֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה 1 The expression **the fat of a torn animal** refers to the fat portions of an animal, usually a domesticated animal, that has been attacked and killed by wild animals. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the fat of a domesticated animal that was killed and torn apart by wild animals” or the fat of a torn animal 7:24 vs7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְכָל־מְלָאכָ֑ה 1 The expression **will be made for any work** uses a future statement to denote permission or allowance. Specifically, it refers to the permission given to the people of Israel to use these fat portions for a variety of unspecified uses, other than eating. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may be used for domestic household purposes” or “could possibly be used for domestic household purposes” shall be made for any work 7:24 e2ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽהוּ 1 Here the expression **eating, you shall not eat it** uses a repetition of the verbal form in order to intensify the idea that the eating of these fat portions is forbidden. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but you should certainly never eat it” or, using the third-person, “but no one should ever eat it” but you shall certainly not eat it 7:24 iwg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall & not eat it 7:24 xlck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ 1 If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “no one shall eat it” you shall & not eat it 7:25 tl3a חֵ֔לֶב מִן־הַ֨בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֥יב מִמֶּ֛נָּה אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “fat that comes from a domesticated animal from which someone has presented portions of meat or fat as a gift to Yahweh” fat from the livestock that he presents from of it {as} a gift to Yahweh 7:25 cjbt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִן־הַ֨בְּהֵמָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). from the livestock 7:25 f99k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָאֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). then the person, the one eating it, shall be cut off from his people 7:26 f76a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וְכָל־דָּם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֔וּ בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the words **you** and **your** are plural. Yahweh is speaking about everyone who will offer sacrifices, regardless of where they happen to live. Consider using the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. And you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwelling places 7:26 ljd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְכָל־דָּם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֔וּ בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם 1 If you have been using third-person forms throughout this chapter, consider using whatever form would be clearest in your language. Alternate translation: “And no one shall eat any blood in any of his dwelling places” And you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwelling places 7:26 ujw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לָע֖וֹף וְלַבְּהֵמָֽה 1 The expressions **the bird** and **the livestock** do not refer to specific animals or groups of animals. The terms describe any animal or group of animals that an Israelite might own or purchase to eat. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of any bird or any livestock that you own” or, using the third-person, “of any bird or any livestock that someone might own” of the bird or of the livestock 7:27 xa78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כָּל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל 1 See how you handled the use of a generic feminine word for a person in [2:1](../02/01.md). Any person who eats 7:27 nm4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [7:20](../07/20.md). that person shall be cut off from his people 7:28 gkdm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 7:28-29 rh99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵּאמֹֽר & דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 This sentence has a quotation within a quotation. You can translate this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel” saying & Speak to the sons of Israel 7:29 twhb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 7:29 mr3y הַמַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָיו֙ לַיהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ לַיהוָ֖ה מִזֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽיו 1 Alternative translation: “Any person who presents the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh shall make sure to bring this portion of meat to Yahweh that comes from the meat of the sacrifice of his peace offerings” The person presenting the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh shall bring his offering to Yahweh from the sacrifice of his peace offerings 7:29 m7q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person הַמַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָיו֙ לַיהוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ לַיהוָ֖ה מִזֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽיו 1 Here, the author of Leviticus uses the word **his** to switch back to the use of third-person singular forms to address the people of Israel. If the switch from third-person to second-person back to third-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using in your translation throughout the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “If you present the sacrifice of your peace offerings to Yahweh, you should bring your offering to Yahweh from the sacrifice of your peace offerings” The person presenting the sacrifice of his peace offerings to Yahweh shall bring his offering to Yahweh from the sacrifice of his peace offerings 7:30 w7dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָדָ֣יו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה 1 Here, **his hands** represent the whole person, emphasizing the individual’s personal responsibility and agency in bringing the sacrifice. If your language uses a similar expression to express this idea, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “He himself should bring” or, using the second-person “You yourself should bring” His hands shall bring 7:30 ry2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַחֵ֤לֶב עַל־הֶֽחָזֶה֙ & אֵ֣ת הֶחָזֶ֗ה 1 Here, the **breast** is the portion of the animal’s meat consisting of the larger part of the animal’s chest below the region of the neck. The **breast** and **the fat on the breast** were considered uniquely choice portions of meat and fat. Consequently, it was dedicated especially to Yahweh. If your language has a special term for this portion of meat and fat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate expression: “the fat that is on the breast meat … the breast meat itself” the fat on the breast. & the breast 7:30 v5t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לְהָנִ֥יף אֹת֛וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 For the priest **to wave** the offering in Yahweh’s presence is a symbolic gesture that shows that the person is dedicating the sacrifice to Yahweh. This act could mean: (1) merely presenting the sacrifice to Yahweh in a unique way. Alternate translation: “to lift and show off the breast meat of the sacrifice in Yahweh’s presence” or (2) causing the smell of the sacrifice to waft in Yahweh’s direction, creating a “pleasant smell to Yahweh” that would result in the acceptance of the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “to move the breast meat of the sacrifice back and forth overhead so that the smell of the meat is wafted to Yahweh’s presence” to wave it {as} a wave offering to the face of Yahweh 7:30 fd4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Here, the expression **a wave offering to the face of Yahweh** could mean: (1) waving **the breast** in Yahweh’s presence in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting” or (2) waving **the breast** in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 7:31 tbb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהִקְטִ֧יר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And the priest shall cause the fat to become smoke on the altar 7:31 npon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב 1 The phrase **the fat** refers to the fat of the breast, as distinct from **the breast**, which refers to the meat of the breast itself. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the fat of the breast” the fat 7:31 ncgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהָיָה֙ הֶֽחָזֶ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָֽיו 1 This expression means that the meat of **the breast** should not be burned completely on the altar but rather should be given to the priests for food. See how you translated this similar expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). and the breast shall be for Aaron and for his sons 7:31 h7vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָֽיו 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). for Aaron and for his sons 7:32 f116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין 1 The **right thigh** is the upper part of the right leg of the animal, directly above the knee and below the hip joint. Although the reason for the choice of the **right** portion of the thighs is unknown and debated, the **thigh** itself was considered a uniquely choice portion of meat, and so was especially dedicated to Yahweh and to his special purposes, like providing food for the priests. If your language has a word for this choice portion of an animal’s meat, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And the choice portion of meat between the hip and the knee joints on the right leg of the animal” And the right thigh 7:32 cxqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here, the author of Leviticus suddenly switches from the use of third-person forms to the use of second-person plural forms. If the switch from third-person to second-person forms would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use whichever form you have been using for the previous chapters. Alternate translation: “the person presenting the offering shall give … his peace offerings” you shall give {& your peace offerings 7:32 ceao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּתְּנ֥וּ & שַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to the people of Israel who would offer sacrifices at the tent of meeting. If your language uses a plural form to address a group of people, consider using that form here. If not, consider using the third person, as modeled by the previous note. you shall give {& your peace offerings 7:32 sew1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְרוּמָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵ֑ן 1 Previously the **contribution** belonged to Yahweh. Here it is explained that this unique portion of meat belonged to Yahweh's purposes, specifically to provide the priests with their allotment of food. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as an important contribution of choice meat that provides the priests with food” as} a contribution to the priest 7:33 l8go rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־דַּ֧ם הַשְּׁלָמִ֛ים וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב מִבְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 The **person presenting the blood of the peace offerings and the fat from the sons of Aaron** is one of the priests. At the time that Yahweh spoke these instructions to Moses, they were the literal “sons of Aaron.” However, this expression refers to whichever priest happened to perform the symbolic action of **presenting the blood of the peace offerings** along with **the fat**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “The priest who presents the blood of the peace offerings and the fat, who is among the sons of Aaron” The person presenting the blood of the peace offerings and the fat from the sons of Aaron 7:33 lbwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִבְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). from the sons of Aaron 7:33 q6eu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ל֧וֹ תִהְיֶ֛ה שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִ֖ין לְמָנָֽה׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, this **portion** refers to the special allotment of food provided for the priests according to the instructions that Yahweh gave to the people of Israel. Because the Levites, the sons of Aaron, were not given any portion of land and therefore could not farm for themselves, they were dependent on the contributions of their fellow Israelites for food. Yahweh provided this food by setting apart these choice portions for the priests. If this would not be clear from your translation, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the right thigh shall be for that priest, as the allocation of his food given by Yahweh” the right thigh shall be for him for a portion 7:34 kefs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 The word translated **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” or, using the second-person, “You should do this because” For 7:34 sns3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָקַ֨חְתִּי֙ & וָאֶתֵּ֣ן 1 The pronoun **I** refers to Yahweh, who now speaks directly about himself. If this would not be clear, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, took … and I, Yahweh, gave” I took & and I gave 7:34 ovp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל & בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel & the sons of Israel 7:34 w06t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹ֠תָם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the **breast** and the **right thigh**, those special portions of meat that Yahweh provided for the priests’ food. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the breast meat and the portion of the right thigh” them 7:34 mkn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְאַהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן וּלְבָנָיו֙ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:2](../02/02.md). to Aaron the priest and to his sons 7:34 u24m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְחָק־עוֹלָ֔ם 1 This **enduring portion** refers to the portions of meat, the breast and the right thigh, that Yahweh instructed should be given to the priests for food from the peace offerings that the people of Israel will offer. This **portion** is **enduring** because Yahweh envisions that these instructions are binding for the people of God for all time. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as a portion of food that should always be provided for the priests” as an enduring portion 7:35 h86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown זֹ֣את מִשְׁחַ֤ת אַהֲרֹן֙ וּמִשְׁחַ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו 1 This **allotment** is the same as the “enduring portion” of the previous verse. It refers to the choice portions of meat—the breast and the right thigh—that Yahweh instructed should be given to the priests for food from the peace offerings that the people of Israel will offer. If this is unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the portion of the meat of the sacrifices that should be given to Aaron and to his sons” This {is} the allotment of Aaron and the allotment of his sons 7:35 ydj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). from the gifts of Yahweh 7:35 xb0d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּיוֹם֙ הִקְרִ֣יב אֹתָ֔ם לְכַהֵ֖ן לַיהוָֽה׃ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Moses and **them** refers to **Aaron** and **his sons**. The expression **on the day he presented them as priests to Yahweh** refers to the day when Moses anointed Aaron and his sons with oil to dedicate them as priests in the service of Yahweh, as described in [8:12](../08/12.md) and [8:30](../08/30.md). If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses presented Aaron and his sons as priests to Yahweh” on the day he presented them as priests to Yahweh 7:36 er1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָהֶ֗ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the priests, that is, Aaron and his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “to the priests” or “to Aaron and his sons, the priests” to them 7:36 o7ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּיוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣וֹ אֹתָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 The expression **the day of his anointing them from the people of Israel** refers to the anointing of the priests to be especially dedicated to Yahweh apart from the rest of the people of God for special, sacred service to him. In this sense, the priests are **anointed** **from** the people of Israel. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them to be priests to Yahweh and be set apart from the people of Israel” on the day of his anointing them from the people of Israel 7:36 mag4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּיוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣וֹ אֹתָ֔ם 1 As in the previous verse, the pronoun **his** refers to Moses and **them** refers to the priests, that is, to Aaron and his sons. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses anointed Aaron and his sons as priests to Yahweh” on the day of his anointing them 7:36 l9rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction בְּיוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣וֹ אֹתָ֔ם 1 The act of **anointing** the priests was a symbolic action in which oil, usually olive oil, was liberally applied to the head of the priests to mark their dedication to special, sacred service to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day of his anointing them with oil to mark their dedication to Yahweh as priests to him” on the day of his anointing them 7:36 eohw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). the people of Israel 7:36 sb6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם 1 The expression **An enduring statute for their generations** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. It implies that every Israelite should always obey this commandment wherever they live. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation, with a period before: “Every generation should always obey this statute” an enduring statute for their generations 7:37 zoq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לַמִּנְחָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [2:1](../02/01.md). of the grain offering 7:37 icz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלַֽחַטָּ֖את 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [4:3](../04/03.md). and of the sin offering 7:37 uk25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלָאָשָׁ֑ם 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [5:15](../05/15.md). and of the guilt offering 7:37 izaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלַ֨מִּלּוּאִ֔ים 1 This **ordination offering** was a special sacrifice that was offered on the occasion of the dedication of a priest to the special, sacred service to Yahweh of the priesthood. It is described in detail in [8:22–32](../08/22.md). Alternate translation: “and of the sacrifice that is offered for the priests when they are dedicated to Yahweh as priests” and of the ordination offering 7:37 ey6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּלְזֶ֖בַח הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this specific kind of sacrifice in [3:1](../03/01.md). and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings 7:38 zub8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּי֨וֹם צַוֺּת֜וֹ 1 The expression **on the day of his commanding** could refer to: (1) Yahweh commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Yahweh commanded” or (2) Moses, relaying the instructions he received from Yahweh, commanding the people of Israel to begin bringing their sacrifices. Alternate translation: “on the day Moses commanded” on the day of his commanding 7:38 b18c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel 7:38 kbsg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לְהַקְרִ֧יב אֶת־קָרְבְּנֵיהֶ֛ם 1 See how you handled the poetic repetition of words in [1:2](../01/02.md). to present their offerings 7:38 tda7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי 1 This **wilderness** refers to the dry, barren desert plain that is common in the Sinai peninsula region of the modern Middle East. If your language has a word for this kind of landscape, consider using it here. If not, consider using a general expression. Alternate translation: “in the dry, desert plain of Sinai” in the wilderness of Sinai 8:intro d9y6 0 # Leviticus 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) 8:1 n6q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 8:2 f2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו אִתּ֔וֹ 1 Here, the expression **his sons** refers specifically to Aaron’s four male offspring. If this would be unclear, given the previous use of this expression, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “and his four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar” and his sons with him 8:2 i9xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵת֙ הַבְּגָדִ֔ים וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֑ה וְאֵ֣ת ׀ פַּ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֗את וְאֵת֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הָֽאֵילִ֔ים וְאֵ֖ת סַ֥ל הַמַּצּֽוֹת׃ 1 These items and animals are the required elements of the ordination ceremony as described in [Exodus 29:1–46](../exo/29/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the purpose of the items in this list. Alternate translation: “and everything they need for their ordination ceremony, including the clothes and the oil of anointing and the bull of the sin offering and two rams and a basket of unleavened bread” and the clothes and the oil of anointing and the bull of the sin offering and two rams and a basket of unleavened bread 8:2 qg84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵת֙ הַבְּגָדִ֔ים 1 Here, the expression **the clothes** refers to the unique, ceremonial garments the priests wore when performing and preparing sacrifices. These clothes are detailed in [Exodus 29:5–6](../exo/29/05.md) and [Exodus 29:8–9](../exo/29/08.md). Alternate translation: “and the priestly garments” or “and the special clothes that the priests wore” and the clothes 8:2 yf9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֑ה 1 The expression **oil of anointing** uses the possessive form to describe olive oil that was mixed with perfuming spices and used for ceremonially setting priests and kings apart for service to Yahweh. This was done by sprinkling or pouring the oil on whomever or whatever was being set apart. This oil is described in detail in [Exodus 30:23–24](../exo/30/23.md). If your language does not have an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anointing**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “and the oil that is used to anoint people and things for service to Yahweh” and the oil of anointing 8:2 apkt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאֵ֣ת ׀ פַּ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֗את 1 The expression **the bull of the sin offering** uses the possessive form to describe the **bull** that had been selected to be sacrificed for a **sin offering**. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “and the bull that Aaron and his sons will present as a sin offering” and the bull of the sin offering 8:6 l1zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּקְרֵ֣ב מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑יו 1 To **present** someone or something is a symbolic action that includes bringing the person, object, or animal to the entrance of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. Here, the same verb is used of Aaron and his sons that was used for the sacrifices in Leviticus 1–7. Alternate translation: “And Moses brought Aaron and his sons forward and stood them in Yahweh's presence” Moses presented Aaron and his sons 8:6 mi63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם 1 This is a symbolic action that is required by the ordination ceremony as described in [Exodus 29:1–46](../exo/29/01.md). Here, washing with water is part of a ritual cleaning that prepares Aaron and his sons to become priests. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider explaining the significance of this action in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and he washed them with water in order to purify them and prepare them to become priests to Yahweh” and he washed them with water 8:6 xn3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם׃ 1 It might seem that the expression **and he washed them with water** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and he thoroughly washed them” and he washed them with water 8:7 f2ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּתֵּ֨ן עָלָ֜יו אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֗נֶת & וַיִּתֵּ֥ן עָלָ֖יו אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֑ד 1 These expressions use an idiom with the verb ”to give” which means to place or put something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he put the tunic on him … and he put the ephod on him” And he gave the tunic on him & and he gave the ephod on him 8:7 dzpn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֗נֶת 1 This **tunic** was a finely embroidered piece of linen clothing worn directly over the skin by all priests, underneath all the other pieces of clothing. It is described in [Exodus 28:39](../exo/28/39.md) and [Exodus 39:27](../exo/39/27.md). If your language has a term for this particular piece of religious clothing, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the special shirt” the tunic 8:7 t8nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בָּֽאַבְנֵ֔ט 1 This **sash** was a length of linen fabric that was worn on top of the **tunic** and was embroidered with blue, purple, and scarlet colors and hemmed with little bells and the designs of pomegranates, as described in [Exodus 28:4](../exo/28/04.md), [Exodus 28:39–40](../exo/28/39.md), [Exodus 29:9](../exo/29/09.md), and [Exodus 29:29](../exo/29/29.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “with the special girdle” with the sash 8:7 y0ax rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶֽת־הַמְּעִ֔יל 1 This **robe** was a blue and purple outer garment made from woven wool; it was a single piece of fabric with an opening for the head, as described in [Exodus 28:31–35](../exo/28/31.md) and [Exodus 39:22–26](../exo/39/22.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “with the special coat” with} the robe 8:7 lm3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֑ד 1 This **ephod** was a skillfully woven outer garment fine linen embroidered with thread of blue, red, and purple. It covered the priest from his chest to his genitals and was suspended by two strands of fabric that rose over the shoulders. Additionally, the shoulder pieces were set with onyx stones that were engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel and set in gold filigree. The priestly **ephod** is described in detail in [Exodus 28:6–14](../exo/28/06.md) and [Exodus 39:1–7](../exo/39/01.md). If your language has a term for this particular piece of religious clothing, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priest’s special apron” the ephod 8:7 i7eo rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֑ד 1 The word **ephod** is a word borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternate translation: “the priest's special apron” the ephod 8:7 rqxh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּחֵ֨שֶׁב֙ הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד 1 This **finely woven waistband** was a piece of skillfully woven linen embroidered with blue, red, and purple thread; it was to be worn around the waist, and it matched the priestly **ephod**. It is described in [Exodus 28:8](../exo/28/08.md), [Exodus 39:5](../exo/39/05.md), and [Exodus 39:20–21](../exo/39/20.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “with the special linen belt of the ephod” with the finely woven waistband of the ephod 8:7 h3ci וַיֶּאְפֹּ֥ד ל֖וֹ בּֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and he attached the ephod to him with it” and he fastened {the ephod} on him with it 8:8 nv8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ הַחֹ֑שֶׁן 1 This **breastpiece** was a folded golden plate that formed a pocket and rested over the priest’s chest. On the front of it were twelve precious stones in four rows of three stones each, symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel. The priest’s **breastpiece** is described in detail in [Exodus 28:15–30](../exo/28/15.md). If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priest’s special chest plate” the breastplate 8:8 ueih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶל־הַחֹ֔שֶׁן אֶת־הָאוּרִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּֽים׃ 1 The expression **he gave** is an idiom that means to place or put something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he put the Urim and the Thummim on the breastpiece” and he gave the Urim and the Thummim to the breastplate 8:8 dnqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הָאוּרִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּֽים׃ 1 Although their exact identity and function are debated, **the Urim and the Thummim** appear to have been objects that the priests used as oracles in the sacred tent in order to determine the will of Yahweh. The **Urim and the Thummim** rested in the pocket of the priests’ **breastpiece** and [Exodus 28:30](../exo/28/30.md) states that they were to be “over Aaron’s heart when he comes before the Lord.” If your language has a word for this kind of religious object, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the special stones that the priests use to determine what Yahweh wants to do” the Urim and the Thummim 8:8 ghyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate אֶת־הָאוּרִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַתֻּמִּֽים׃ 1 The words **Urim** and **Thummim** are borrowed from Hebrew. You will need to decide if you will also borrow these words into your language or if you will translate their meaning. If you borrow the words, you could spell them in the way they sound in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternate translation: “the special stones that helped the priest determine Yahweh's will” the Urim and the Thummim 8:9 tm71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־ הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת 1 A **turban** is a man’s head covering made from a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head. This **turban** was made of finely woven linen (according to [Exodus 28:39](../exo/28/39.md)) and was to be worn by the priests to cover their heads when they offered sacrifices to Yahweh. If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priest’s special headdress” the turban 8:9 kvlv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־מ֣וּל פָּנָ֗יו 1 The expression **the front of its face** is an idiom. It refers to the front of the turban to which the **plate of gold** was affixed. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the front side of the turban” to the front of its face 8:9 z3b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-parallelism אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַזָּהָב֙ נֵ֣זֶר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes and explains the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the plate of gold that was the priest’s crown of holiness” the plate of gold, the crown of holiness 8:9 gc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵ֣ת צִ֤יץ הַזָּהָב֙ 1 This **plate of gold** was likely a decorative rectangle of gold engraved with the words “Holy to Yahweh,” (according to [Exodus 28:36](../exo/28/36.md)). [Exodus 28:36-38](../exo/28/36.md) explains that this **plate of gold** allowed the priests to bear the guilt of the Israelites as they offered sacrifices on behalf of the people. If your language has a term for this particular piece of religious clothing, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the special engraved gold sign” the plate of gold 8:9 zjgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נֵ֣זֶר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 This **crown of holiness** is another way of describing the **plate of gold** that is affixed to the front of the priest’s turban by a blue-violet chord (according to [Exodus 38:37](../exo/38/37.md)). The **plate of gold** served as a special marker on the head of the priest, setting him apart for the special task of offering sacrifices to Yahweh. If your language has a word for a religious object of this type, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the priest's headpiece” the crown of holiness 8:9 ndlf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֵ֣זֶר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 The expression **the crown of holiness** uses the possessive form to refer to either: (1) a crown that was especially holy. Alternate translation: “the holy crown” or (2) a crown that bore and represented the priest's own holiness. Alternate translation: “the crown that shows how holy the priest is” the crown of holiness 8:10 m00p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [8:2](../08/02.md). the oil of anointing 8:10 dkw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיִּמְשַׁ֥ח אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ 1 This is a ritual action. By sprinkling and pouring the special anointing oil on all the utensils and furniture of the tent of meeting, Moses set them apart for exclusive use for Yahweh’s purposes. This ceremony is described in detail in [Exodus 30:26–29](../exo/30/26.md). and he anointed the Dwelling and all that {was} in it 8:10 n3h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃ 1 Here, to make something **holy** means to dedicate it for exclusive use in the service of Yahweh alone. If this meaning would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he sanctified and dedicated them for the service of Yahweh alone” And he made them holy 8:11 po98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּ֥ז מִמֶּ֛נּוּ 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the oil of anointing referenced in the previous verse. If it would be helpful for your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And he sprinkled some of the oil of anointing” And he sprinkled some of it 8:11 yn6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּ֥ז 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [4:6](../04/06.md). And he sprinkled 8:11 s2ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־ כֵּלָ֗יו 1 These **utensils** comprised all the pots, pans, shovels, and forks used at the altar in the tent of meeting. They correspond to the expression ”all that {was} in it“ in the previous verse. If this is unclear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “every pot, pan, shovel, and fork used at the altar in the tent of meeting” all its utensils and 8:11 ccy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֛ר 1 This **washbasin** was a large bronze tub that was filled with water and used for ritual washing in the sacred tent. It is described in [Exodus 30:17–21](../exo/30/17.md). If your language has a term for a religious item of this type, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic term. Alternate translation: “and the special bronze bathtub” the basin and 8:11 ar2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּנּ֖וֹ 1 This **base** was made of bronze. On top of it the **washbasin** would sit. It is mentioned in [Exodus 30:18](../exo/30/18.md), where the **washbasin** is also described. If your language has a term for a religious item of this type, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic term. Alternate translation: “and the bronze stand for the washbasin” and & its base 8:11 yhky rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). to make them holy 8:11 zzfs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְקַדְּשָֽׁם׃ 1 Here, the word **to** marks making the items **holy** as the goal or purpose of sprinkling them with the oil of anointing. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: ”He did this to make them holy” to make them holy 8:12 h6lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [8:2](../08/02.md). some of the oil of anointing 8:12 x2hi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיִּמְשַׁ֥ח אֹת֖וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). and he anointed him 8:12 i3fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). to make him holy 8:12 g2d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְקַדְּשֽׁוֹ׃ 1 Here, the word **to** marks making Aaron **holy** as the goal or purpose of pouring **the oil of anointing** on his head. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: ”He did this to make Aaron holy” to make him holy 8:13 iryy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּקְרֵ֨ב מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). And Moses presented the sons of Aaron 8:13 e6ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כֻּתֳּנֹת֙ 1 See how you translated this article of clothing in [8:6](../08/06.md). with} tunics 8:13 p71m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אַבְנֵ֔ט 1 See how you translated this article of clothing in [8:7](../08/07.md). with} sashes 8:13 z2kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִגְבָּע֑וֹת 1 These **headbands** were pieces of fabric made from finely woven linen cloth that were likely bound on the head. If your language has a term for a piece of religious clothing of this type, consider using it here. If not, use a generic term. Alternate translation: “the priests' special head wrappings” headbands 8:14 rw7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּגֵּ֕שׁ אֵ֖ת פַּ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֑את 1 To bring the bull near is a symbolic action equivalent to the expression ”to present“ used in this chapter and elsewhere in Leviticus. It refers to bringing the person, object, or animal to the entrance of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites, and showing it off to Yahweh. If the significance of this action would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “And he led the bull of the sin offering to Yahweh's presence in the tent of meeting” And he brought the bull of the sin offering near 8:14 t8dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖ת פַּ֣ר הַֽחַטָּ֑את & פַּ֥ר הַֽחַטָּֽאת׃ 1 See how you translated this possessive form in [8:2](../08/02.md). the bull of the sin offering & the bull of the sin offering 8:14 n1yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיִּסְמֹ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֤ן וּבָנָיו֙ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ פַּ֥ר הַֽחַטָּֽאת׃ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies **Aaron and his sons** with the animal they are offering. In this way, they are placing their sin on the animal in Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the bull of the sin offering 8:15 je3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּשְׁחָ֗ט 1 The one who offered a sacrifice would usually slaughter the animal for that sacrifice. However, in this case, even though Moses is offering the sacrifice, the pronoun **he** likely refers to Aaron, acting together with his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons slaughtered it” And he slaughtered {it 8:15 r7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־הַדָּם֙ 1 See how you handled the implied information in this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). and Moses took the blood 8:15 n38w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ֠יִּתֵּן עַל־קַרְנ֨וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ סָבִיב֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:7](../04/07.md). and he gave {it} on the horns of the altar all around with his finger 8:15 z8mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קַרְנ֨וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ 1 The **horns of the altar** refers to the corners of the **altar**. They are shaped like the **horns** of an ox. Alternate translation: “the horn-shaped projections at the corners of the altar” the horns of the altar 8:15 xezu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיְחַטֵּ֖א & יָצַק֙ & וַֽיְקַדְּשֵׁ֖הוּ 1 Here each use of the pronoun **he** refers to Moses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses purified … Moses poured out … And Moses made it holy” And he purified & he poured out & And he made it holy 8:15 z994 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיְחַטֵּ֖א אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Here, to **purify** the altar means to cleanse it from the impurity caused by the presence of sin. By putting blood on the horns of the altar and pouring blood on the altar's base, Moses uses the cleansing power of blood to purify the altar and prepare it to be a vessel through which acceptable sacrifices might be offered. If this would be unclear in your language, consider clarifying by adding words in your translation or by supplying a footnote. Alternate translation: “And, by putting blood on the altar, he purified the altar from the impurity of sin in order to make it an acceptable place to offer sacrifices to Yahweh” And he purified the altar 8:15 m4pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וַֽיְקַדְּשֵׁ֖הוּ לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו׃ 1 Here, the word **to** marks making **atonement** on the altar as the goal or purpose of Moses purifying the altar. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “And he made it holy. He did this so that atonement might be made on it” And he made it holy to make atonement on it 8:15 mdq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽיְקַדְּשֵׁ֖הוּ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). And he made it holy 8:15 qblp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָֽיו׃ 1 See how you handled this expression and its abstract noun in [1:4](../01/04.md). to make atonement on it 8:16 hngc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶֽת־כָּל־הַחֵלֶב֮ 1 Here the pronoun **he** refers to Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses took all the fat” And he took all the fat 8:16 zlu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶֽת־כָּל־הַחֵלֶב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַקֶּרֶב֒ 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [3:3](../03/03.md). all the fat that {was} on the innards 8:16 s1n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ יֹתֶ֣רֶת הַכָּבֵ֔ד 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [3:4](../03/03.md). and the lobe of the liver 8:16 ozat rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [3:4](../03/03.md). and the two kidneys 8:16 wysw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ 1 The act of burning the offering in a way that causes smoke to rise refers to the fact that the sacrifice went up to God in heaven in the form of smoke. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and Moses caused them to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased” and Moses caused {them} to become smoke on the altar 8:17 wetb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־הַפָּ֤ר 1 If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “But the remaining parts of the bull” But the bull 8:17 cjs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שָׂרַ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ 1 See how you handled the extra information in this expression in [4:12](../04/12.md). he burned with fire 8:17 ggug rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns שָׂרַ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ 1 Although the subject is not stated, the pronoun **he** cannot refer to either Moses, who offers the sacrifice as the priest, or to Aaron and his sons, who are being ordained as priests. As previously mentioned, this action must be accomplished by someone else who can afford to risk becoming unclean through contact with the carcass of the dead animal. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “someone else burned with fire” or “another Israelite burned with fire” he burned with fire 8:18 sten rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּקְרֵ֕ב אֵ֖ת אֵ֣יל הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 Here the pronoun **he** refers to Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses presented the ram of the burnt offering” And he presented the ram of the burnt offering 8:18 xhiw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖ת אֵ֣יל הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [8:2](../08/02.md). the ram of the burnt offering 8:18 r16d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽיִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃ 1 This is a symbolic action that identifies **Aaron and his sons** with the animal they are offering. In this way, they are placing their sin on the animal in Yahweh's presence. See how you translated this in [1:4](../01/04.md). And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram 8:19 yili rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּשְׁחָ֑ט 1 The one who offered a sacrifice would usually slaughter the animal for that sacrifice. However, in this case, even though Moses is offering the sacrifice, the pronoun **he** likely refers to Aaron, acting together with his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons slaughtered it” And he slaughtered {it 8:19 g6p0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּזְרֹ֨ק מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הַדָּ֛ם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב׃ 1 It is implied that **Moses**, before he splashed it on the altar, caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). and Moses splashed the blood on the altar all around 8:20 i2w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְאֶת־הָאַ֔יִל נִתַּ֖ח לִנְתָחָ֑יו 1 For emphasis, a verb and its object from the same root are being used. The verb **cut** is related to the noun **pieces**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And he carefully and thoroughly butchered the ram into its various pieces” And he cut the ram into its pieces 8:20 acfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֶת־הָאַ֔יִל נִתַּ֖ח לִנְתָחָ֑יו 1 The one who offered a sacrifice would usually slaughter the animal for that sacrifice. However, in this case, even though Moses is offering the sacrifice, the pronoun **he** likely refers to Aaron, acting together with his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons cut the ram into its pieces” And he cut the ram into its pieces 8:20 k05k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּקְטֵ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָרֹ֔אשׁ וְאֶת־הַנְּתָחִ֖ים וְאֶת־הַפָּֽדֶר׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And Moses caused the head and the pieces and the suet to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased” and Moses caused the head and the pieces and the suet to become smoke 8:20 yx76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַנְּתָחִ֖ים 1 The expression **the pieces** refers to the appropriate portions of fat that would be removed from the burnt offering, according to the instructions recorded in Leviticus [1:8](../01/08.md). See how you translated the similar expression there. and the pieces 8:20 vm61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַפָּֽדֶר׃ 1 See how you translated this fat portion in [1:8](../01/08.md). and the suet 8:21 t8ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo רָחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 See how you handled the extra information in this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). he washed with water 8:21 xtyh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns רָחַ֣ץ בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 The one who offered a sacrifice would usually slaughter the animal for that sacrifice. However, in this case, even though Moses is offering the sacrifice, the pronoun **he** likely refers to Aaron, acting together with his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “Aaron and his sons washed with water” he washed with water 8:21 w635 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּקְטֵר֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־כָּל־הָאַ֜יִל הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חָה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And Moses caused the head and the pieces and the suet to become smoke on the altar and ascend toward Yahweh in heaven, where he would smell the smoke and be pleased” And Moses caused the whole ram to become smoke on the altar 8:22 com2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּקְרֵב֙ אֶת־הָאַ֣יִל הַשֵּׁנִ֔י 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses presented the second ram” And he presented the second ram 8:22 qr6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים 1 The expression **the ram of the ordination offering** uses the possessive form to describe the **ram** that had been selected to be sacrificed for an **ordination offering**. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “the ram that Aaron and his sons had presented as an ordination offering” the ram of the ordination offering 8:22 v85u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽיִּסְמְכ֞וּ אַהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל׃ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:4](../01/04.md). And Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram 8:23 qn88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּשְׁחָ֓ט 1 The one who offered a sacrifice would usually slaughter the animal for that sacrifice. However, in this case, even though Moses is offering the sacrifice, the pronoun **he** likely refers to Aaron, acting together with his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent plain. Alternate translation: “And Aaron and his sons slaughtered it” And he slaughtered {it 8:23 e9be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִדָּמ֔וֹ 1 See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). and Moses took some of its blood 8:23 ja2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיִּתֵּ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃ 1 This is a symbolic action. Just as placing blood on the extremities of the altar purified it and prepared it to be an appropriate vessel through which acceptable sacrifices might be offered to Yahweh, by placing blood on Aaron’s right earlobe, the thumb of his right hand, and the big toe of his right foot Moses purifies Aaron and prepares him to be set apart for offering acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider explaining the meaning of this rite in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and he gave it on the earlobe of the right ear of Aaron and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. He did this in order to purify Aaron from the impurity of sin and to prepare him to offer acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh” and he gave {it} on the earlobe of the right ear of Aaron and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot 8:23 puhy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּתֵּ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַיְמָנִ֑ית 1 This expression is an idiom. It refers to placing or putting something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he put it on the earlobe of the right ear of Aaron” and he gave {it} on the earlobe of the right ear of Aaron 8:24 ztw0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֗ן 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). And he presented the sons of Aaron 8:24 bjgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֤ה מִן־הַדָּם֙ עַל־תְּנ֤וּךְ אָזְנָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְלָ֖ם הַיְמָנִ֑ית 1 Just as was done with Aaron, this is a ritual action. Just as placing blood on the extremities of the altar purified it and prepared it to be an appropriate vessel through which acceptable sacrifices might be offered to Yahweh, by placing blood on Aaron’s sons’ right earlobes, the thumbs of their right hands, and the big toes of their right feet, Moses purified Aaron’s sons and prepared them to be set apart for offering acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider explaining the meaning of this rite in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and Moses gave some of the blood on the earlobe of their right ear and on the thumb of their right hand and on the big toe of their right foot. He did this in order to purify Aaron’s sons from the impurity of sin and to prepare them to offer acceptable sacrifices to Yahweh” and Moses gave some of the blood on the earlobe of their right ear and on the thumb of their right hand and on the big toe of their right foot 8:24 mjda rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֤ה מִן־הַדָּם֙ עַל־תְּנ֤וּךְ אָזְנָם֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית 1 This expression is an idiom. It refers to placing or putting something on someone. If this idiom would not be clear in your language, consider making the meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and Moses put some of the blood on the earlobe of their right ear” and Moses gave some of the blood on the earlobe of their right ear 8:25 jt5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הָֽאַלְיָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this portion of fat in [3:9](../03/09.md). and the fatty tail 8:25 pi33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶֽת־כָּל־הַחֵלֶב֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַקֶּרֶב֒ וְאֵת֙ יֹתֶ֣רֶת הַכָּבֵ֔ד וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַכְּלָיֹ֖ת 1 See how you translated these portions of fat and internal organs in [3:4](../03/04.md). and all the fat that {was} on the innards and the lobe of the liver and the two kidneys 8:25 u6m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִֽין 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:32](../07/32.md). and the right thigh 8:26 w3xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּמִסַּ֨ל הַמַּצּ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה 1 The expression **to the face of Yahweh** here refers to the location of the **basket of the unleavened bread**, as specified in [Exodus 29:3](../exo/29/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And from the basket of the unleavened bread that was placed in Yahweh’s presence in the sacred precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” And from the basket of the unleavened bread that {was} to the face of Yahweh 8:26 nlvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּמִסַּ֨ל הַמַּצּ֜וֹת 1 The expression **the basket of the unleavened bread** uses the possessive form to describe a basket that is characterized by the presence of unleavened bread. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And from the basket that contained the unleavened bread” And from the basket of the unleavened bread 8:26 uu53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חַלַּ֨ת מַצָּ֤ה אַחַת֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). one loaf of unleavened bread 8:26 t601 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְֽחַלַּ֨ת לֶ֥חֶם שֶׁ֛מֶן אַחַ֖ת 1 The expression **loaf of bread of oil** uses the possessive form to describe a loaf of bread that is characterized by the presence of oil on top. It corresponds to the bread whose flour is well-soaked with oil in [7:12](../07/12.md). Alternate translation: “and one loaf of bread that was well-soaked with oil” and one loaf of bread of oil 8:26 tszw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְרָקִ֣יק אֶחָ֑ד 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:4](../02/04.md). and one wafer 8:27 tq8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אֶת־הַכֹּ֔ל עַ֚ל כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן וְעַ֖ל כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑יו 1 See how you translated this idiom in [8:7](../08/07.md). And he gave the whole on the palms of Aaron and on the palms of his sons 8:27 xnw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַכֹּ֔ל 1 Here, **the whole** refers to the fat portions, the right thigh, and all of the loaves of bread. If it would be helpful, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “all the portions of fat, the right thigh, and the loaves of bread” the whole 8:27 hy74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּפֵּ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן & כַּפֵּ֣י בָנָ֑יו 1 The **palm** is the flat part of the inside of one’s hand. If your language has a word for this part of the hand, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: ”the open hands of Aaron … the open hands of his sons” the palms of Aaron & the palms of his sons 8:27 n3y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 Although the subject is not named, because it is usually the person offering the sacrifice who is authorized to dedicate the portions of the sacrifice to Yahweh by waving them in his presence, it is likely that **he** here refers to Aaron and his sons. This is further clarified by the fact that Moses placed the portions of fat, the right thigh, and the loaves of bread in the open palms of Aaron and his sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and Aaron and his sons waved them as a wave offering” and he waved them {as} a wave offering 8:27 l4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיָּ֧נֶף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). and he waved them {as} a wave offering 8:27 veot rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “toward the presence of Yahweh.” It indicates that Moses waved the loaves and the wafer in the direction of the Most Holy Place, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the Most Holy Place where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 8:28 q9b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּקַּ֨ח מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֹתָם֙ 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to the fat portions, the right thigh, and all of the loaves of bread. If it would be helpful, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Moses took the portions of fat, the right thigh, and the loaves of bread” And Moses took them 8:28 gvly rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חָה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he caused {them} to become smoke on the altar 8:29 ejop rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיְנִיפֵ֥הוּ תְנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). and he waved it {as} a wave offering 8:29 auht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “in the presence of Yahweh,” as in toward the direction of the Most Holy Place where Yahweh lives among the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this plainly. Alternate translation: “in the direction of the Most Holy Place where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 8:29 yt3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאֵ֣יל הַמִּלֻּאִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:22](../08/22.md). from the ram of the ordination offering 8:29 u7ex לְמֹשֶׁ֤ה הָיָה֙ לְמָנָ֔ה 1 Alternate translation: “It became a portion for Moses” or “It was Moses’ portion” It {was} for Moses for a portion 8:30 b4zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [8:2](../08/02.md). some of the oil of anointing 8:30 wcw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּמִן־הַדָּם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ֒ 1 The expression **the blood that was on the altar** refers to the blood of the sacrificed animal that had earlier been placed on the horns of the altar. If this would be not clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and some of the blood that he had previously put on the four horns of the altar” and some of the blood that {was} on the altar 8:30 vnvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּ֤ז עַֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ עַל־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְעַל־בָּנָ֛יו וְעַל־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו אִתּ֑וֹ 1 This is a ritual action. Just as sprinkling the oil on the utensils of the sacred tent sanctified them and dedicated them for service to Yahweh, the mixture of blood and oil both dedicated Aaron and his sons for service to Yahweh as priests and purified them and their clothing from the impurity of sin through the cleansing nature of blood. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning of the symbolic action in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and he sprinkled them on Aaron, on his clothes, and on his sons and on the clothes of his sons with him. He did this in order to dedicate Aaron and his sons and to purify them from the impurity of sin” and he sprinkled {them} on Aaron, on his clothes and on his sons and on the clothes of his sons with him 8:30 zxdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיְקַדֵּ֤שׁ אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְאֶת־בָּנָ֛יו וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו אִתּֽוֹ׃ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:10](../08/10.md). Alternate translation: “And he set Aaron, his clothes, and his sons and the clothes of his sons with him, apart and dedicated them all for the service of Yahweh alone” And he made holy Aaron, his clothes and his sons and the clothes of his sons with him 8:31 h9hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר֮ 1 Although it is unclear, it is likely that here **the meat** refers to the meat of the ram that Aaron and his sons offered as an ordination offering and that Moses waved as a wave offering in Yahweh's presence. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the meat of the ram of the ordination offering” the meat 8:31 cpcx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֹּאכְל֣וּ 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall eat 8:31 wc6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֹּאכְל֣וּ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must eat it” you shall eat 8:31 q5eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּסַ֣ל הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [8:22](../08/22.md). is} in the basket of the ordination offering 8:31 bf4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוֵּ֨יתִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּבָנָ֖יו יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “just as I commanded when I said that Aaron and his sons shall eat it” just as I commanded, saying, ‘Aaron and his sons shall eat it 8:31 q1xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּבָנָ֖יו יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃ 1 The expression **Aaron and his sons shall eat it** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Aaron and his sons should eat it” or ”Aaron and his sons must eat it” Aaron and his sons shall eat it 8:32 d6jm וְהַנּוֹתָ֥ר בַּבָּשָׂ֖ר וּבַלָּ֑חֶם 1 Alternate translation: “But the rest of the meat and bread” But the remainder among the meat and among the bread 8:32 pz43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ 1 See how you handled the extra information in this expression in [4:12](../04/12.md). you shall burn in the fire 8:32 u784 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall burn in the fire 8:32 gs7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you should burn with fire” or ”you must burn with fire” you shall burn in the fire 8:33 l33w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֵֽצְאוּ֙ & מִלֻּאֵיכֶ֑ם & אֶת־יֶדְכֶֽם׃ 1 The pronouns**you** and **your** are plural here. They refer to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall & go out & your ordination, & your hand 8:33 con5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you should not go out” or “you must not go out” you shall not go out 8:33 m5um rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry עַ֚ד י֣וֹם מְלֹ֔את יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Words from the same root are being repeated in a poetic word-play. The words **filling** and **ordination** come from the same root as the verbal expression **he will fill**. If your language has similarly related words that would convey these meanings, consider using them here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “until the day when your ordination is filled up because, during those seven days, he will fill up your hands” until the day of the filling of the days of your ordination 8:33 l462 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יְמֵ֖י מִלֻּאֵיכֶ֑ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **ordination**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the days when you are being ordained as priests in service to Yahweh” the days of your ordination 8:33 bd76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִּ֚י שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים יְמַלֵּ֖א אֶת־יֶדְכֶֽם׃ 1 The expression **he will fill your hand** is an idiom that means to induct someone into the ministry and responsibilities of the priesthood. According to this verse, it will take seven days for Yahweh to induct Aaron and his sons into the priesthood. (See [Exodus 28:41](../exo/28/41.md) and [Exodus 29:9](../exo/29/09.md) for representative examples.) If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because it will take seven days for Yahweh to give you the responsibilities of the priesthood and dedicate you as priests” because {for} seven days, he will fill your hand 8:33 nt6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְמַלֵּ֖א אֶת־יֶדְכֶֽם׃ 1 Here the pronoun **he** refers to Yahweh. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will fill your hand” he will fill your hand 8:34 io5e כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לַעֲשֹׂ֖ת 1 Alternate translation: “What has been done today is just as Yahweh commanded should be done” Just as he did on this day, Yahweh commanded to do 8:34 e67x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם 1 See how you handled the word **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). to make atonement for you 8:34 d5c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **to** marks making **atonement** as the goal or purpose of Yahweh's commandments regarding the procedure of the various sacrifices performed on this day. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He did this so that he might make atonement for you” to make atonement for you 8:34 eefz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. for you 8:35 v2rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֵּשְׁב֨וּ & וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם & וְלֹ֣א תָמ֑וּתוּ 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall stay & and you shall keep & and you will not die 8:35 i0s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֵּשְׁב֨וּ & וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם 1 These expressions use a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must stay … and you must keep” or “you should stay … and you should keep” you shall stay & and you shall keep 8:35 oxn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהוָ֖ה 1 Words from the same root are repeated for emphasis. The word **watch** is from the same root as the verb **keep**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. and you shall keep the watch of Yahweh 8:35 h75b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת יְהוָ֖ה 1 To **keep** the **watch of Yahweh** does not mean to stand and guard the entrance to the sacred tent. Rather, the expression means to carefully avoid his prohibitions, the things Yahweh has commanded his people not to do. If this meaning would not be clear, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will carefully keep Yahweh’s instructions about what you are not to do” and you shall keep the watch of Yahweh 8:35 b94k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֹ֣א תָמ֑וּתוּ 1 The word **and** here indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “If you do this, you will not die” and you will not die 8:35 m25h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because thus Yahweh commanded me” because thus I have been commanded 8:35 mvnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 The word translated as **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do all this because thus I have been commanded” because thus I have been commanded 8:35 fol0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 Here the pronoun **I** refers to Moses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “I, Moses, have been commanded” I have been commanded 8:36 bb62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ס 1 The expression **by the hand of Moses** uses one part of a person, the **hand**, to represent all of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh commanded through Moses” that Yahweh commanded by the hand of Moses 9:intro s8cl 0 # Leviticus 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nAaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Following Yahweh’s instructions\n\nGreat care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh’s instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “Fire came out from Yahweh”\n\nAaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) 9:1 ksc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י 1 The word **eighth** is the ordinal number for eight. on the eighth day 9:1 rp4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י 1 The **eighth day** is the first day after the seven-day period of the ordination ceremony. Alternate translation: “on the first day after the ordination ceremony was completed” on the eighth day 9:2 jvuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֵ֣גֶל בֶּן־בָּקָ֧ר לְחַטָּ֛את וְאַ֥יִל לְעֹלָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם 1 "As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, the word **perfect** here refers to an animal that is an exemplary representative of its species. Alternate translation: “an unblemished calf, a son of the cattle, for a sin offering, and an unblemished ram for a burnt offering” or ""a calf without blemish, a son of the cattle, for a sin offering, and a ram without blemish for a burnt offering""" a calf, a son of the cattle, for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering, perfect 9:2 fik1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עֵ֣גֶל 1 A **calf** is a young bovine. If your language does not have a word for this type of animal, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a young bovine” a calf 9:2 dtge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בֶּן־בָּקָ֧ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). a son of the cattle 9:2 e8xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בָּקָ֧ר 1 See how you translated this word in [1:2](../01/02.md). the cattle 9:2 c82u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהַקְרֵ֖ב 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). and present {them 9:2 exi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 As the General Introduction to Leviticus discusses, in contexts such as this, the expression **to the face of Yahweh** means “where Yahweh can see” and, by extension, ”in Yahweh's presence.” See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 9:3 jx2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְאֶל־ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר קְח֤וּ שְׂעִיר־ עִזִּים֙ 1 This expression introduces a direct quote within a direct quote. You could change this into an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “And you should tell the sons of Israel to take a buck of the goats” And to the sons of Israel, you will speak, saying, ‘Take a buck of the goats 9:3 rfql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel 9:3 wxr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תְּדַבֵּ֣ר 1 This expression is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must speak” or ”speak” you will speak 9:3 s42l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תְּדַבֵּ֣ר 1 Here, **you** is singular. It refers to Aaron, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you will speak 9:3 xwgi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 9:3 nq8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׂעִיר־עִזִּים֙ 1 The expression **a buck of the goats** used the possessive form to refer to a male goat that belongs to the class of animals also called goats. If your language possesses a specific term for a male goat, consider using it here or use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “an adult male goat” a buck of the goats 9:3 unc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עִזִּים֙ 1 The expression **the goats** does not refer to a specific group of goats. It describes any groups of goats that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the goats that you own” the goats 9:3 ah79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְעֵ֨גֶל וָכֶ֧בֶשׂ בְּנֵי־שָׁנָ֛ה תְּמִימִ֖ם 1 The expression **a son of a year** is an idiom that refers to an animal that is a year old. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a perfect calf and a perfect lamb that are a year old” or “and a perfect calf and a perfect lamb that are twelve months of age” and a calf and a lamb, perfect sons of a year 9:4 gz2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “in the precincts of the sacred tent where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 9:4 fei7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמִנְחָ֖ה בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן 1 See how you translated this expression in [7:10](../07/10.md). and a grain offering mixed with oil 9:4 l9yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal כִּ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם יְהוָ֖ה נִרְאָ֥ה אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **for** marks Yahweh's appearing to the people of Israel as the goal or purpose of presenting all the sacrificial animals that Moses names here. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. It may be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do this because Yahweh will appear to you today” for today Yahweh will appear to you 9:4 rn4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to the Israelite people, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. to you 9:5 o262 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּקְח֗וּ 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the Israelite people, the “sons of Israel.” If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And the people of Israel brought” And they brought 9:5 jx2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 The expression **that which Moses commanded** refers to the five animals for the burnt, sin, and fellowship sacrifices and the loaves of bread for the grain offerings. These were referred to in [9:3–4](../09/03.md). If it would be helpful, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “the animals for the sacrifices and the grain offerings that Moses told them to bring” that which Moses commanded 9:5 jha5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד 1 Here, **to the face of the tent of meeting** is an idiom that means “before the tent of meeting.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the front of the tent of meeting” to the face of the tent of meeting 9:5 xpfc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). And the whole congregation presented {them 9:5 v2co rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, to **stand to the face of Yahweh** refers to the fact that the Israelite people came to stand before the altar in the courtyard of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they stood in Yahweh’s presence within the precincts of the tent of meeting, in which Yahweh lived among the Israelites” and they stood to the face of Yahweh 9:6 m2gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the Israelite people, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Yahweh commanded you will do 9:6 p7cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְיֵרָ֥א אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה 1 Here, the expression **the glory of Yahweh** refers to the earthly manifestation of Yahweh in the form of fire (see [9:23–24](../09/23.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh himself will appear to you in the form of heavenly fire” and the glory of Yahweh will appear to you 9:7 k98c וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ חַטָּֽאתְךָ֙ וְאֶת־ עֹ֣לָתֶ֔ךָ & וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת־ קָרְבַּ֤ן הָעָם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “and prepare your sin offering and your burnt offering … And prepare the offering of the people” and make your sin offering and your burnt offering & And make the offering of the people 9:7 xst1 וְכַפֵּ֥ר בַּֽעַדְךָ֖ וּבְעַ֣ד הָעָ֑ם & וְכַפֵּ֣ר בַּֽעֲדָ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “and make atonement for yourself and for the people … and make atonement for them” and make atonement for the benefit of yourself and for the benefit of the people. & and make atonement for their benefit 9:7 caq0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכַפֵּ֥ר & וְכַפֵּ֣ר 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). and make atonement & and make atonement 9:7 kkgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־קָרְבַּ֤ן הָעָם֙ 1 The expression **the offering of the people** uses the possessive form to describe the sacrifices that Yahweh has commanded the people of Israel to bring. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offering that Yahweh commanded the people to bring” the offering of the people 9:8 v2tu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־עֵ֥גֶל הַחַטָּ֖את 1 The expression **the calf of the sin offering** uses the possessive form to describe a calf that is sacrificed as a sin offering. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the calf that he presented as a sin offering” the calf of the sin offering 9:8 gnsj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־לֽוֹ׃ 1 The expression **which was for himself** refers to the fact that this animal, the **calf of the sin offering**, was being offered for Aaron’s sake and not for the sake of the people. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “which he offered to make atonement for himself” which {was} for himself 9:9 q85r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־ הַדָּם֮ אֵלָיו֒ 1 This statement implies that the **sons of Aaron** collected the **blood** of the calf in a bowl as the blood drained. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the sons of Aaron presented the blood to him 9:9 ydrp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ֠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת־הַדָּם֮ אֵלָיו֒ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:2](../01/02.md). And the sons of Aaron presented the blood to him 9:9 i8b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן 1 Here, **the sons of Aaron** literally refers to Aaron’s own four sons and not to the entire priesthood. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “Aaron’s four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar” the sons of Aaron 9:9 pp9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּטְבֹּ֤ל אֶצְבָּעוֹ֙ & וַיִּתֵּ֖ן & יָצַ֔ק 1 Here the pronouns **he** and **his** refer to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and Aaron dipped his finger … and Aaron gave it … and he poured out” and he dipped his finger & and he gave {it} & he poured out 9:9 dw7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּתֵּ֖ן עַל־קַרְנ֣וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 See how you translated this idiom in [4:7](../04/07.md). and he gave {it} on the horns of the altar 9:9 pk8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קַרְנ֣וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 See how you translated this portion of the altar in [4:7](../04/07.md). the horns of the altar 9:10 gqd4 וְאֶת־הַכְּלָיֹ֜ת וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶ֤רֶת מִן־הַכָּבֵד֙ 1 See how you translated these internal organs in [3:4](../03/04.md). and the kidneys and the lobe from the liver 9:10 henu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). he caused to become smoke on the altar 9:11 g8cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר 1 Here, **the meat** refers to the portions of the calf of the sin offering that were to be taken outside of the camp and burned. According to [4:11](../04/11.md), this included the calf’s head, the legs, the remaining internal organs (other than the kidney and the liver), and any remaining meat (other than the breast meat and the right thigh). If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “But the meat of the calf, along with its head and its legs, its entrails, its dung” But the meat 9:11 n477 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שָׂרַ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ 1 See how you handled the extra information in the similar expression in [6:30](../06/30.md). he burned with fire 9:11 qatp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns שָׂרַ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ 1 Although it is unclear, it is likely that the pronoun **he** here cannot refer to Aaron or to his sons or any of the priests, since burning the calf’s carcass outside of the camp had the potential to make them unclean. Thus, **he** here likely refers to another, unnamed Israelite. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “someone else burned with fire” or “another Israelite burned with fire” he burned with fire 9:12 ld7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הָעֹלָ֑ה 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “And Aaron slaughtered the burnt offering” And he slaughtered the burnt offering 9:12 t13n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ אֶת־ הַדָּ֔ם 1 As before, this expression implies that **the sons of Aaron** caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him 9:13 o1kk וְאֶת־הָעֹלָ֗ה הִמְצִ֧יאוּ אֵלָ֛יו לִנְתָחֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־הָרֹ֑אשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “And they brought the burnt offering to him, having cut it into its pieces, including the head” And the burnt offering they brought to him in its pieces and the head 9:13 ci8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֶת־הָעֹלָ֗ה הִמְצִ֧יאוּ אֵלָ֛יו 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the sons of Aaron, while the pronoun **him** refers to Aaron himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making these referents explicit. Alternate translation: “And the burnt offering Aaron’s four sons brought to their father” And the burnt offering they brought to him 9:13 p2xd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ 1 See how you translated this ritual action in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he caused {them} to become smoke on the altar 9:14 b7wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ אֶת־הַקֶּ֖רֶב וְאֶת־הַכְּרָעָ֑יִם וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר עַל־הָעֹלָ֖ה הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ 1 See how you translated these actions in [1:9](../01/09.md). And he washed the innards and the legs and he caused {them} to become smoke on the burnt offering, on the altar 9:15 vae8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וַיַּקְרֵ֕ב אֵ֖ת קָרְבַּ֣ן הָעָ֑ם 1 See how you translated the similar repetition of related words in [1:2](../01/02.md). And he presented the offering of the people 9:15 xe2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּקְרֵ֕ב 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [8:6](../08/06.md). And he presented 9:15 zz37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֖ת קָרְבַּ֣ן הָעָ֑ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [9:7](../09/07.md). the offering of the people 9:15 siz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־שְׂעִ֤יר הַֽחַטָּאת֙ 1 See how you translated the similar possessive form in [9:8](../09/08.md). the goat of the sin offering 9:15 dwac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֔ם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [9:8](../09/08.md). that {was} for the people 9:15 f5tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal כָּרִאשֽׁוֹן 1 The word **first** is the ordinal number for one. The expression **the first one** refers to the calf that Aaron offered as a sin offering for himself. Alternate translation: “like the calf that Aaron offered as a sin offering for himself” like the first 9:16 vyze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֖הָ כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃ 1 The expression **he did it according to the regulation** means that Aaron offered the burnt offering that the people required according to the instructions that Yahweh commanded in Leviticus 1. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he did it just as Yahweh had commanded” and he did it according to the regulation 9:17 rf9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיְמַלֵּ֤א כַפּוֹ֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה 1 The expression **he filled his palm from it** refers to the priests’ practice of designating what portion of a grain offering would be burned by scooping out whatever he could fit in his open, upturned hand. This practice is described in [2:2](../02/02.md) and [5:12](../05/012.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and Aaron filled his palm with a handful of the grain offering in order to designate how much he would burn on the altar” and he filled his palm from it 9:17 myae rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Here, the pronoun **it** refers not to the whole grain offering, but to the portion that Aaron scooped out with his palm. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this meaning plain. Alternate translation: “and he caused the portion of the grain offering that he scooped out with his palm to become smoke on the altar” and he caused {it} to become smoke on the altar 9:17 xi9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he caused {it} to become smoke on the altar 9:17 a8bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִלְּבַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַבֹּֽקֶר 1 The expression **the burnt offering of the morning** uses the possessive form to describe the burnt offering that was offered as the first sacrifice of each day. Normally, the priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in addition to the burnt offering that had been offered earlier that morning as the usual first sacrifice of the day” in addition to the burnt offering of the morning 9:18 pdy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּשְׁחַ֤ט 1 Although it is unclear, it is likely that the pronoun **he** here refers to Aaron, who is offering this sacrifice on behalf of the whole people. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “And Aaron slaughtered” And he slaughtered 9:18 zxfv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאֶת־הָאַ֔יִל זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים 1 The expression **the ram of the sacrifice of the peace offerings** uses the possessive form to describe a ram that was chosen to be the animal sacrifice for a peace offering. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The ram that the people had presented to Aaron as the sacrifice for their peace offering” and the ram of the sacrifice of the peace offerings 9:18 vtbh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֑ם 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [9:8](../09/08.md). that {were} for the people 9:18 y9tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת־ הַדָּם֙ אֵלָ֔יו 1 As before, this expression implies that **the sons of Aaron** caught the **blood** in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. See how you handled the implied information in the similar expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). And the sons of Aaron brought the blood to him 9:18 qkc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן 1 Here, the expression **the sons of Aaron** refers specifically to Aaron’s four male sons. If this would be unclear, given the previous use of this expression, consider making the meaning explicit. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “Aaron's four sons, Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar,” the sons of Aaron 9:19 ju3w הָֽאַלְיָ֤ה & וְהַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְיֹתֶ֖רֶת הַכָּבֵֽד׃ 1 See how you translated these fat portions and internal organs in [3:4](../03/04.md). the fatty tail & and the kidneys and the lobe of the liver 9:19 q1v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַֽמְכַסֶּה֙ 1 The expression **that which covers** refers to the fat that covers the internal organs, as referenced in [3:3](../03/03.md) and elsewhere in Leviticus 1–7. Alternate translation: “and the fat covering the innards” and that which covers {the innards 9:20 cb2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ 1 The pronoun **they** refers here to the sons of Aaron. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “Aaron’s four sons put” they put 9:20 a6zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַחֲלָבִ֖ים & הַחֲלָבִ֖ים 1 The expression **the fat** refers to all the portions of fat and the internal organs that were listed in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “all these portions of fat and the innards … all these portions of fat and the innards” the fat & the fat portions 9:20 u277 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הֶחָז֑וֹת 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:30](../07/30.md). the breasts 9:20 ftr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַחֲלָבִ֖ים הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ 1 See how you translated this action in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he caused the fat portions to become smoke on the altar 9:20 c778 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַחֲלָבִ֖ים הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ 1 Here the pronoun **he** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making this explicit. Alternate translation: “and Aaron caused the fat portions to become smoke on the altar” and he caused the fat portions to become smoke on the altar 9:21 lwm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:32](../07/32.md). and the right thigh 9:21 m515 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הֵנִ֧יף אַהֲרֹ֛ן תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). Aaron waved {as} a wave offering 9:21 ki59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [7:30](../07/30.md). to the face of Yahweh 9:22 y35z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־ידו אֶל־הָעָ֖ם 1 Lifting one's hands is a symbolic action that signals a physical posture of prayer. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “And Aaron lifted his hands toward the people so that he could pray for them” And Aaron lifted his hands toward the people 9:22 xk8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֑ם 1 Aaron is asking Yahweh to bless the people. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he prayed Yahweh’s blessing over the people” and he blessed them 9:22 ky92 וַיֵּ֗רֶד מֵעֲשֹׂ֧ת הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְהָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ 1 The expression **And he came down** refers to the fact that Aaron was likely elevated off the ground, probably by means of stairs or a ramp, in order to offer the sacrifices on top of the altar. Consequently, Aaron would have been higher than where the people were standing. If it would be helpful, consider supplying this implied information. Alternate translation: “And, because Aaron was elevated above the people when he offered the sacrifices, he came down from making the sin offering and the burnt offering and the peace offerings” And he came down from making the sin offering and the burnt offering and the peace offerings 9:23 lsoa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וַיֵּ֣צְא֔וּ 1 These expressions may seem like consecutive actions. However, it is likely that Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting to talk with Yahweh and that they only came out again once they had done so. In your translation, make sure that these two actions do not appear to be immediately consecutive. Alternate translation: “And Moses and Aaroncame into the tent of meeting. Sometime later, after they had met with Yahweh, they went out” And Moses and Aaron came into the tent of meeting, and they went out 9:23 mr4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing וַֽיְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם 1 Aaron and Moses are asking Yahweh to bless **the people**. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they prayed that Yahweh would bless the people” and they blessed the people 9:23 d94f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד־ יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־ כָּל־ הָעָֽם 1 See how you translated the expression **the glory of Yahweh** in [9:6](../09/06.md). And the glory of Yahweh appeared to all the people 9:24 v7ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתֹּ֨אכַל֙ 1 The expression **from before the face of Yahweh** likely means that the fire came from the direction of Yahweh’s presence in the Most Holy Place, where he lived among the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh's presence in the Most Holy Place, where he lived among the Israelites” from before the face of Yahweh, and it consumed 9:24 m6fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַתֹּ֨אכַל֙ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַחֲלָבִ֑ים 1 This expression uses the image of **the fire** consuming or eating **the burnt offering** to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burns it until it is completely ash. If your language has a similar idiom used of fire completely burning something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and it completely burned the burnt offering and the fat on the altar until it was nothing but ash” and it consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar 9:24 m7g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וַיַּ֤רְא כָּל־הָעָם֙ 1 The expression *all the people saw** may leave out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And all the people saw what happened” or “And all the people saw how the fire consumed the burnt offering and the fat on the altar” And all the people saw 9:24 e6ys rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיָּרֹ֔נּוּ 1 Here, **they shouted** means that they cried out in joy with a loud voice. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “and they joyfully shouted” or “and they cheered loudly” and they shouted 9:24 da35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל־ פְּנֵיהֶֽם 1 To fall on one’s **face** is a symbolic action. As an act of reverence, honor, and submission, It refers to either: (1) bowing on one’s knees with one’s face to the ground. If your language has a similar idiom to refer to bowing with respect to authority, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they knelt down in respect and awe with their faces on the ground” or (2) lying flat on the ground. Alternate translation: “and they lay flat out on the ground” and they fell on their faces 10:intro qn6v 0 # Leviticus 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 10:3.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Mourning\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “Fire” 10:1 wogp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וַיִּקְח֣וּ 1 The word **And** indicates that the action of this chapter immediately follows what happened in the previous chapter. The events recorded here should be considered to be a continuation of the story of the ordination ceremony. In your translate, be sure to use a connecting word that signals this to your readers. And & took 10:1 r6u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא 1 **Nadab** and **Abihu** are the names of Aaron’s sons. Nadab and Abihu 10:1 ghd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מַחְתָּת֗וֹ 1 A **censer** is a shallow metal container that priests could use to carry hot coals or ash. It is likely that these dishes could also be used to offer incense. If your language has a word for this religious object, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “his pan” his censer 10:1 d3vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ 1 See how you translated this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “and they put fire in them” and they gave fire in them 10:1 oggx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֔שׁ 1 Here, the word **fire** represents the coals that produce fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “burning coals” or “live coals” fire 10:1 lb5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown קְטֹ֑רֶת 1 See how you translated this term in [4:7](../04/07.md). incense 10:1 qem4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:2](../01/02.md). And they offered to the face of Yahweh strange fire 10:1 dwmf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “in Yahweh’s presence” to the face of Yahweh 10:1 b4s0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה 1 It is likely that the expression **strange fire** means that either: (1) Nadab and Abihu had used burning coals that came from a common, everyday source rather than from a holy source, as Yahweh had commanded. Alternate translation: “common fire that was not set apart exclusively for Yahweh’s purposes” or (2) the incense that Nadab and Abihu placed on top of the burning coals was not the kind of incense that Yahweh had commanded should be offered in the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “unauthorized incense” strange fire 10:1 afy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֣שׁ 1 It is likely that **fire** refers to coals that Nadab and Abihu used to smolder the incense and cause it to smoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “coals” fire 10:1 it5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ 1 This expression refers to the fact that the **strange fire** that Nadab and Abihu offered was not what Yahweh had commanded. Alternate translation: “that was not what Yahweh had specifically commanded his priests to offer” that he did not command them 10:2 c7n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish אֵ֛שׁ 1 Here, **fire** means flames and not coals, as in the previous verse. The repetition of words is intended to be ironic. Nadab and Abihu offered fire, but fire consumed them in judgment. If your language has similar words for live coals and for flaming fire that could preserve this irony, consider using those terms here. If not, be sure to translate this word as fire. fire 10:2 et86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלִּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “from the Holy of Holies where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “from Yahweh’s presence” from before the face of Yahweh 10:2 f9fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַתֹּ֣אכַל אוֹתָ֑ם 1 The author of Leviticus uses the image of the **fire** consuming or eating Aaron’s two sons to refer to the process that the sacrifice undergoes as the fire burns it until it is completely ash. If your language has a similar idiom used of fire completely burning something, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and it completely burned them until they were nothing but ash” and it consumed them 10:2 c893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיָּמֻ֖תוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “And they died in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “And they died in Yahweh’s presence” And they died to the face of Yahweh 10:3 pl7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הוּא֩ אֲשֶׁר־ דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֤ה׀ לֵאמֹר֙ בִּקְרֹבַ֣י אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ וְעַל־ פְּנֵ֥י כָל־ הָעָ֖ם אֶכָּבֵ֑ד 1 This has a quotation within a quotation. You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “This is what Yahweh spoke when he said that he would show himself to be holy among those who draw near to him and that he would be honored on the faces of all the people” "This is what Yahweh spoke, saying, Among those who draw near to me, I will show myself to be holy. And on the faces of all the people, I will be honored" 10:3 gef8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹר֙ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 10:3 c9g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּקְרֹבַ֣י 1 The phrase **those who draw near me** refers to either: (1) the priests who draw near to Yahweh in order to offer sacrifices to him. Alternate translation: “among the priests who offer sacrifices to me” or (2) all the people who draw near to Yahweh in order to offer sacrifices to him. Alternate translation: “Among everyone who offers sacrifices to me” Among those who draw near to me 10:3 p7vy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶקָּדֵ֔שׁ 1 The expression **I will show myself to be holy** means that, by killing Aaron’s sons who had sinned, either: (1) Yahweh demonstrated that he alone is God by showing that he is not only set apart from sin but also perfect and powerful. Alternate translation: “I will show that I am God and that I alone am set apart from sin” or (2) Yahweh removed the impurity caused by the sins of Nadab and Abihu, thus purifying himself. Alternate translation: “I will purify myself from the impurity of people’s sin” I will show myself to be holy 10:3 kpac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְעַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם 1 Here, the **face** of **all the people** refers to the people's faculties of sight and, by extension, what they can see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And in the sight of all the people” And on the faces of all the people 10:3 py8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶכָּבֵ֑ד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will demonstrate that people should honor me” I will be honored 10:4 qzy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִֽישָׁאֵל֙ & אֶלְצָפָ֔ן & בְּנֵ֥י עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל 1 **Mishael** and **Elzaphan** are the names of Aaron’s cousins, the sons of his uncle, **Uzziel**. Mishael & Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel 10:4 o9ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֻזִּיאֵ֖ל 1 **Uzziel** is the name of Aaron’s uncle. Uzziel 10:4 tu5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship דֹּ֣ד אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 Here the term **uncle** specifically refers to Aaron's father's brother. If your language has a specific word for an **uncle**, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “Aaron's father's brother” the uncle of Aaron 10:4 etlw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction קִ֠רְב֞וּ 1 To **present** oneself is a symbolic action that refers to bringing oneself into Yahweh’s presence to do his purposes. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, with a period following: “Come near to the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lives among the Israelites and be ready to do what Yahweh requires of you” Present {yourselves 10:4 tus1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׂא֤וּ אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 To **lift** something can mean to carry it. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and carry your brothers” and} lift your brothers 10:4 bt7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־ אֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, the word **brothers** refers either: (1) to close family relations. Alternate translation: “your close family members” or (2) to fellow Israelites who are to consider one another as members of a single extended family. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelites” your brothers 10:4 m9ht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֶת־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, **your** is plural. It refers to Mishael and Elzaphan, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. your brothers 10:4 wutc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מֵאֵ֣ת פְּנֵי־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 Here, **from the face of the Holy Place** is an idiom that refers to the location in front of the Holy Place, likely the courtyard in front of the curtain that hung over the entrance to the Holy of Holies. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the space in front of the Holy of Holies within the tent of meeting” from the face of the Holy Place 10:4 k1n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ 1 The **Holy Place** refers to the inner tent, inside of which the Holy of Holies was located. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “the inner sanctuary, which houses the Holy of Holies” the Holy Place 10:5 qi3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַֽיִּקְרְב֗וּ 1 See how you translated this symbolic action in [1:2](../01/02.md). And they presented {themselves 10:5 vv6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּשָּׂאֻם֙ בְּכֻתֳּנֹתָ֔ם 1 Mishael and Elzaphan carry Nadab and Abihu **by their tunics** so as to not come in direct contact with a dead body, which would make Mishael and Elzaphan ceremonially unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, consider providing this implied information in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and, because they did not want to become unclean by touching a dead body, they lifted them by their tunics” and they lifted them by their tunics 10:5 x91o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּשָּׂאֻם֙ 1 The phrase **they lifted them** means that they carried them. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they carried them” and they lifted them 10:5 lmx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּשָּׂאֻם֙ 1 Here the pronoun **them** refers to the bodies of Nadab and Abihu. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “and they lifted the bodies of Nadab and Abihu” and they lifted them 10:5 g8xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּכֻתֳּנֹתָ֔ם 1 See how you translated this article of clothing in [8:7](../08/07.md). by their tunics 10:5 aswh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּכֻתֳּנֹתָ֔ם 1 Here the possessive pronoun **their** could refer to (1) Nadab and Abihu. Alternate translation: “by Nadab and Abihu’s tunics” or (2) Mishael and Elzaphan. Alternate translation: “by Mishael and Elzaphan’s tunics” by their tunics 10:6 w2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּלְאֶלְעָזָר֩ וּלְאִֽיתָמָ֨ר 1 **Eleazar** and **Ithamar** are the names of Aaron’s two remaining sons. and to Eleazar and to Ithamar 10:6 jqvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ׀ בָּנָ֜יו 1 Here the pronoun **his** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “Aaron’s sons” his sons 10:6 zau7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֥ם אַל־ תִּפְרָ֣עוּ׀ וּבִגְדֵיכֶ֤ם לֹֽא־ תִפְרֹ֨מוּ֙ 1 These are symbolic actions associated with mourning for dead relatives. If your language does not have similar actions associated with a period of mourning, consider explaining the meaning of these actions in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not mourn for your relatives by letting your heads be loose or by tearing your clothes” Do not let your heads be loose and do not tear your clothes 10:6 hutl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֥ם אַל־תִּפְרָ֣עוּ ׀ 1 Here, the word **heads** refers by association to the hair of one’s head, so the expression **Do not let your heads be loose** refers to letting one’s hair hang down disheveled and unkempt. It is implied that Aaron’s sons’ hair was long enough to hang down over their heads. As the previous note suggests, this was a common practice associated with mourning for a dead relative. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let your long hair hang down loose” Do not let your heads be loose 10:6 qzuj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular רָֽאשֵׁיכֶ֥ם & וּבִגְדֵיכֶ֤ם & וְלֹ֣א תָמֻ֔תוּ & וַאֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to Aaron’s sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. your heads & and & your clothes so that you will not die and & not} & But your brothers 10:6 viun rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִקְצֹ֑ף 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not be angry” he will {& be angry 10:6 s1o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַאֲחֵיכֶם֙ כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases in a way that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “But the whole house of Israel, your brothers” But your brothers, all of the house of Israel 10:6 pe72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַאֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, the word **brothers** does not mean male relatives. Rather, it likely refers to all their fellow Israelites, who were to be considered to be members of a single extended family. Alternate translation: “But all your fellow Israelites” But your brothers 10:6 cbn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **house** refers to the whole people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” all of the house of Israel 10:6 d6t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative יִבְכּוּ֙ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “should weep” or “must weep” shall weep 10:6 g4h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry הַשְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה 1 Here, a verb and its object come from the same root. The phrase **he burned** translates as a verb that is related to the noun translated **burning**. The repetition of related words adds emphasis to the statement. If your language can repeat words for emphasis and your language has comparable terms that you can use in your own translation, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. for} the burning that Yahweh has burned 10:6 pcx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַשְּׂרֵפָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׂרַ֥ף יְהוָֽה׃ 1 The word **burning** refers to the fire that came out from the Holy Place and consumed Nadab and Abihu. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the way that Yahweh completely destroyed Nadab and Abihu with fire” for} the burning that Yahweh has burned 10:7 iyos rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ & תָּמֻ֔תוּ & עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Here the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall not go out, & you die, & is} on you 10:7 gymx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹ֤א תֵֽצְאוּ֙ 1 The expression **you shall not go out** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must not go out” or “do not go out” you shall not go out 10:7 xne1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־ 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This is because” for 10:7 pdx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֶׁ֛מֶן מִשְׁחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה 1 The expression **the oil of the anointing of Yahweh** uses the possessive form to describe oil that is used to anoint people for service to Yahweh. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning with a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the special oil that is used to set people apart to serve as priests to Yahweh” the oil of the anointing of Yahweh 10:7 u594 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ כִּדְבַ֥ר מֹשֶֽׁה 1 The term **word** is being used to mean the message that Moses spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they did exactly what Moses told them to do” And they did according to the word of Moses 10:7 mo1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s two remaining sons. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “And Eleazar and Ithamar did” And they did 10:8 xdru rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר׃ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 10:9 sezj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְשֵׁכָ֞ר 1 Here, **beer** is likely a fermented and alcoholic beverage brewed from wheat, barley, or other grains. If your language has a word for this beverage, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “or other alcoholic beverage” or beer 10:9 h40l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ אִתָּ֗ךְ 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is singular. It refers to Aaron, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you or your sons with you 10:9 jjm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבָנֶ֣יךָ אִתָּ֗ךְ 1 The expression **your sons with you** refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, who are **with** Aaron by virtue of being his two remaining living sons (whereas the bodies of Nadab and Abihu, Aaron’s now-deceased sons, have been taken outside of the camp). If if would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or your remaining sons who are still alive” or your sons with you 10:9 ewsm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בְּבֹאֲכֶ֛ם & וְלֹ֣א תָמֻ֑תוּ & לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to Aaron and his sons, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. when you go & and you will not die—& throughout your generations 10:10 c51w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וּֽלֲהַבְדִּ֔יל 1 Here, the word **and** does not mean that the ability to separate between **the holy** and **the common** is a direct consequence of abstaining from drinking alcohol while conducting priestly duties. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language to connect this statement to the previous one. Alternatively, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You also should learn to separate” and to separate 10:10 um6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ & הַחֹ֑ל 1 The adjectives **holy** and **common** are being used as nouns to refer to that which is set apart for Yahweh alone and that which is associated with ordinary everyday life. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “that which is holy … that which is common” the holy & the common 10:10 gy4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַחֹ֑ל 1 The word **common** refers to things, animals, or people that are not set apart for Yahweh but are associated with ordinary, everyday life. If it would be helpful in your language, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the ordinary” the common 10:10 h6gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj הַטָּמֵ֖א & הַטָּהֽוֹר 1 The adjective **clean** is being used as a noun to refer to that which is able to be in holy space and come into contact with holy objects. The adjective **unclean** is being used to refer to that which is impure and cannot be in holy space without introducing impurity to that space and those objects. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “that which is clean … that which is unclean” the unclean & the clean 10:10 hnd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַטָּמֵ֖א 1 See how you translated this term in [5:2](../05/02.md). the unclean 10:10 hwt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַטָּהֽוֹר 1 See how you translated this term in [4:12](../04/12.md). the clean 10:11 ersp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וּלְהוֹרֹ֖ת 1 Here, **in order to** marks teaching **the sons of Israel** as the goal or purpose of learning to separate between holy and common, between clean and unclean. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternatively, it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “The priests should learn to do this so that they might be able to teach” and to teach 10:11 z0fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel 10:11 ziwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 Here, **hand** represents the agency of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through Moses” by the hand of Moses 10:12 tnax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ׀ בָּנָיו֮ הַנּֽוֹתָרִים֒ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “Aaron's remaining sons” his remaining sons 10:12 bsmt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאִשֵּׁ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). from the gifts of Yahweh 10:12 uj8a וְאִכְל֥וּהָ מַצּ֖וֹת אֵ֣צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ 1 Alternate translation: “and eat the unleavened bread beside the altar” and eat it unleavened beside the altar 10:12 azgq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאִכְל֥וּהָ 1 Here the pronoun **it** refers to whatever portion of the **grain offering** was left over and had not been burned on the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “and eat the remaining grain offering” and eat it 10:12 icyo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא׃ 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This is because it is a holy thing of the holy things” for it is a holy thing of the holy things 10:12 x7w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). it is a holy thing of the holy things 10:13 iemc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתָהּ֙ 1 This expression uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And you must eat it” or “Eat it” And you shall eat it 10:13 zyz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons. Consider using the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. And you shall eat 10:13 dwqm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹתָהּ֙ 1 Here the pronoun **it** refers to whatever portion of the **grain offering** was left over and had not been burned on the altar. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “the remaining grain offering” it 10:13 gl9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ הִ֔וא מֵאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do this because it is your portion and the portion of your sons from the gifts of Yahweh” because it {is} your portion and the portion of your sons from the gifts of Yahweh 10:13 wa2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). from the gifts of Yahweh 10:13 kd8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי׃ 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This is so because thus I have been commanded” because thus I have been commanded 10:13 lw7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּי־ כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because thus Yahweh commanded me” because thus I have been commanded 10:14 fbtl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאֵת֩ חֲזֵ֨ה הַתְּנוּפָ֜ה 1 The expression **the breast of the wave offering** uses the possessive form to describe breast meat that is to be offered as a wave offering. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the breast meat that Aaron and his sons presented as a wave offering” And the breast of the wave offering 10:14 ydf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֩ חֲזֵ֨ה 1 See how you translated this type of meat in [7:30](../07/30.md). And the breast of 10:14 wlkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַתְּנוּפָ֜ה 1 See how you translated this type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). the wave offering 10:14 zlh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה 1 The expression **the thing of the contribution** uses the possessive form to describe thigh meat that has been chosen to be offered as a special contribution of food to Yahweh’s priests. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the thigh meat that Aaron and his sons presented as a special contribution” and the thigh of the contribution 10:14 kzs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שׁ֣וֹק 1 See how you translated this portion of meat in [7:32](../07/32.md). and the thigh 10:14 x3ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this term in [7:14](../07/14.md). of the contribution 10:14 q9tm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ 1 The expression **you shall eat** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you must eat” or “eat” you shall eat 10:14 xg6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons. Consider using the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall eat 10:14 hd3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתָּ֕ה וּבָנֶ֥יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ אִתָּ֑ךְ 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** refer to Aaron. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent clear. Alternate translation: “you, Aaron, and your sons and your daughters with you” you and your sons and your daughters with you 10:14 ipkv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַתָּ֕ה וּבָנֶ֥יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ אִתָּ֑ךְ & חָקְךָ֤ & בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 Here, the words **you** and **your** are singular. They refer to Aaron alone. Consider using the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you and your sons and your daughters with you, & as} your portion & your sons 10:14 r4oa rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You should do this because they are given {as} your portion and the portion of your sons” for they are given {as} your portion and the portion of your sons 10:14 d7ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּֽי־ חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־ בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has given them as your portion and the portion of your sons” for they are given {as} your portion and the portion of your sons 10:14 exsy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns נִתְּנ֔וּ 1 Here the pronoun **they** does not refer to Aaron’s sons and daughters. Rather, it refers to the breast meat of the wave offering and the thigh meat of the contribution. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referents explicitly. Alternate translation: “the breast meat of the wave offering and the thigh meat of the contribution are given” they are given 10:14 qnqe rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִזִּבְחֵ֥י שַׁלְמֵ֖י 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:1](../03/01.md). from the sacrifices of the peace offerings of 10:14 ers8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel 10:15 mzyf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֞ה וַחֲזֵ֣ה הַתְּנוּפָ֗ה 1 See how you translated these expressions in [10:14](../10/14.md). The thigh of the contribution and the breast of the wave offering 10:15 x654 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִשֵּׁ֤י הַחֲלָבִים֙ 1 The expression **the gifts of the fat portions** refers to all the portions of fat and internal organs that would normally be offered with sacrifices of peace offerings. See [3:3–4](../03/03.md), [3:9–10](../03/09.md), and [3:14–15](../03/14.md) for the exact portions. the gifts of the fat portions 10:15 f30w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יָבִ֔יאוּ 1 Here the pronoun **they** likely refers to the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel shall bring” they shall bring 10:15 ri2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative יָבִ֔יאוּ 1 The expression **they shall bring** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “they must bring” or “they should bring” they shall bring 10:15 n69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לְהָנִ֥יף תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this ritual action and its corresponding type of offering in [7:30](../07/30.md). to wave {as} a wave offering 10:15 vhjx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהָנִ֥יף תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 Here, **to** marks waving the meat and fat portions as a **wave offering** as the goal or purpose of bringing them to the tent of meeting. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to wave {as} a wave offering 10:15 agci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “in Yahweh’s presence” to the face of Yahweh 10:15 e8hp וְהָיָ֨ה לְךָ֜ וּלְבָנֶ֤יךָ אִתְּךָ֙ לְחָק־ עוֹלָ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And it belongs to you and to your sons with you as an enduring portion” And it shall be for you and for your sons with you as an enduring portion 10:16 gh55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׂעִ֣יר הַֽחַטָּ֗את 1 See how you translated this possessive form in [9:15](../09/15.md). Here, the **goat of the sin offering** refers to the butchered meat of the animal rather than to the live animal itself. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the meat of the goat of the sin offering” And the goat of the sin offering 10:16 mb94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication דָּרֹ֥שׁ דָּרַ֛שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 This expression repeats the verb **searched for** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Moses diligently searched for” Moses, searching, searched for 10:16 emuf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive שֹׂרָ֑ף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Aaron’s sons had burned it up” It had been burned up 10:16 u1x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ֠יִּקְצֹף 1 Here, **he** refers to Moses. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referents explicitly. Alternate translation: “And Moses was angry” And he was angry 10:16 a6vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 10:17 y3wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם & לָכֶ֗ם 1 Here the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to Eleazar and Ithamar, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Why have you not eaten & to you 10:17 py7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַֽחַטָּאת֙ 1 Here, **the sin offering** refers to the meat of the goat that was offered as a sin offering. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the meat of the goat that was offered as a sin offering” the sin offering 10:17 rz8i rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא 1 The word **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a question mark before and a period after: “You should have done this because it is a holy thing of holy things” for it is a holy thing of holy things 10:17 ckr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֹתָ֣הּ ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם 1 Here the pronoun **it** refers to the meat of the sin offering. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And he gave the meat of the sin offering to you” And he gave it to you 10:17 pohs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns נָתַ֣ן 1 Here the pronoun **he** refers to Yahweh. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave” he gave 10:17 scg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הָעֵדָ֔ה 1 Here, **to** marks bearing the **iniquity of the people** as the goal or purpose of Yahweh’s having given the meat of the **sin offering** to the priests to eat. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to bear the iniquity of the congregation 10:17 d4e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־ עֲוֺ֣ן הָעֵדָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this idiom in [5:1](../05/01.md). to bear the iniquity of the congregation 10:17 oubl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם 1 Here, **to** marks making **atonement** for the people as the goal or purpose of Yahweh’s having given the meat of the **sin offering** to the priests to eat. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to make atonement for them 10:17 i4gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכַפֵּ֥ר 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:4](../01/04.md). to make atonement 10:17 rsax rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to the congregation. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the congregation” for them 10:17 kvwa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence” or “in Yahweh’s judgment” to the face of Yahweh 10:18 yy2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־הוּבָ֣א אֶת־דָּמָ֔הּ אֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this sacrifice was not the type that required the priests to bring its blood into the inner Holy Place” its blood was not brought into the inner Holy Place 10:18 ijm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־הוּבָ֣א אֶת־דָּמָ֔הּ אֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה 1 According to [6:23](../06/23.md), sin offerings that required the priest to bring the blood of the animal into the inner sanctuary of the Holy Place could not be eaten by the priests. Rather, this variety of sin offerings had to be burned completely. Moses is saying that because the sin offering presented by the people was not this particular kind of sin offering, it should have been eaten by the priests. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider explaining the significance of this statement in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “if the blood of the sin offering had been brought into the inner Holy Place, it couldn’t have been eaten. But as it was, the sin offering that the people presented did not require this” its blood was not brought into the inner Holy Place 10:18 o5qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶת־דָּמָ֔הּ 1 Here, the possessive pronoun **its** refers to the sin offering. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “the blood of the sin offering” its blood 10:18 b9hv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה 1 The **inner Holy Place** refers to the space inside the tent of meeting, particularly, the interior space of the inner tent in which the Holy of Holies was housed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the interior of the tent of the Holy Place” the inner Holy Place 10:18 mzac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָכ֨וֹל תֹּאכְל֥וּ אֹתָ֛הּ 1 This expression repeats the verb **eat** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “You shall have certainly eaten it” Eating, you shall eat it 10:18 l9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֹּאכְל֥וּ אֹתָ֛הּ 1 The expression **you shall eat it** uses a future statement to give an instruction or command that ought to have been followed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “you should eat it” you shall eat it 10:18 hnp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תֹּאכְל֥וּ 1 Here the pronoun **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and his sons, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you shall eat 10:19 srqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִקְרִ֨יבוּ אֶת־חַטָּאתָ֤ם וְאֶת־עֹֽלָתָם֙ 1 Here the pronouns **they** and **their** refer to Aaron’s four sons, who had offered **burnt offerings** and **sin offerings** on their own behalf as well as on the behalf of the people. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “my four sons presented their sin offering and their burnt offering” they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering 10:19 ja8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “in the precincts of the tent of meeting where Yahweh lived among the Israelites” or “in Yahweh’s presence” to the face of Yahweh 10:19 jkx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַתִּקְרֶ֥אנָה אֹתִ֖י כָּאֵ֑לֶּה 1 Aaron is referring to the death of his sons, Nadab and Abihu, in a polite way by using the phrase **it has happened to me according to these things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to these events in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “and now my sons lie dead outside of the camp, having been consumed by Yahweh’s fire” and it has happened to me according to these things 10:19 yzv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ הַיּ֔וֹם הַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Aaron here uses the question form to question Moses about the appropriateness of eating the meat of the sin offering when his two sons were killed within the holy space of the tent of meeting itself. His question anticipates a negative response. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation, followed by a period rather than a question mark: “But even if I ate the sin offering today, it would not have been good in the eyes of Yahweh.” But {if} I ate the sin offering today, would it have been good in the eyes of Yahweh 10:19 e4az rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאָכַ֤לְתִּי חַטָּאת֙ 1 Here, the **sin offering** refers to the meat of the sin offering. If it would be helpful for your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if I ate the meat of the goat of the sin offering” But {if} I ate the sin offering 10:19 ovou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Here, **eyes** represent the sight of a person and, by extension, their judgment or approval. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “would it have been good in Yahweh’s judgment” would it have been good in the eyes of Yahweh 10:19 ni6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 The expression **good in the eyes of Yahweh** is an idiom that means “to be pleasing to Yahweh” or “to be acceptable to Yahweh.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “would Yahweh have approved” or “would it have pleased Yahweh” would it have been good in the eyes of Yahweh 10:20 npu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 The expression **And Moses heard** leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be helpful in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses heard what Aaron said” And Moses heard 10:20 k82x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינָֽיו 1 Here, **eyes** represent the sight of a person and, by extension, their judgment or approval. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and it was good to him” and it was good in his eyes 10:20 dcek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינָֽיו 1 The expression **good in his eyes** is an idiom that means “to be pleasing” or “to be acceptable.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he approved” or “and it seemed good to him” and it was good in his eyes 11:intro i427 0 # Leviticus 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n\n### Laws about food\n\nThis chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited.\n\nEating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) 11:1 d55m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֥ר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ 1 The word **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying to them 11:1-2 w7r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵאמֹ֥ר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃ & דַּבְּר֛וּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told them to tell the sons of Israel” saying to them & Speak to the sons of Israel, saying 11:2 f52a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 See how you translated this way of referring to the people of Israel in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel 11:2 mxt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 The word **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 11:2 bz88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns זֹ֤את הַֽחַיָּה֙ 1 In this verse, the word **living thing** is singular in form, but it refers to all the following animals, birds, fish, lizards, and insects as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “These are the creatures” This {is} the living thing 11:2 jin6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַֽחַיָּה֙ 1 The expression **the living thing** does not refer to a specific animal. It describes any animal, bird, fish, lizard, or insect that an Israelite might encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is the type of creature that you might encounter” is} the living thing 11:2 sc39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ 1 This expression refers to all land-dwelling animals, whether domesticated or otherwise. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. See how you translated the word **livestock** in [1:2](../01/02.md). from all the livestock that {are} on the earth 11:2 e376 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ 1 The expression **the livestock** does not refer to a specific group of animals. It describes any four-footed animal that an Israelite might own or encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “from any quadruped that is on the earth” from all the livestock that {are} on the earth 11:3 wmod rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֨סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה 1 This expression establishes criteria by which the people of Israel may determine whether a land-dwelling quadruped is acceptable for eating. Essentially, the animal must both chew **the cud** and have a completely divided **hoof**. The implication, as the following verses will illustrate, is that if an animal fulfills only one of these criteria, it should be considered unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Anything dividing a hoof and splitting the cleft of hooves, making the cud go up among the livestock 11:3 yce6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֨סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Anything dividing the hoof that splits the cleft of the hooves completely” Anything dividing a hoof and splitting the cleft of hooves 11:3 cwvm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. The verb **dividing** comes from the same root as the noun **hoof**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “that has a completely divided hoof” dividing a hoof 11:3 f07l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֨סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. The verb **splitting** comes from the same root as the noun **cleft**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “and whose hooves are completely split in two” and splitting the cleft of hooves 11:3 f7fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the process of chewing partly digested food. This expression should not be taken in a modern, technical sense, as the inclusion of rock badgers and rabbits (which do not strictly chew cud) suggests. If your language has a general word for this digestive process, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “that eats partially digested food” making the cud go up 11:3 le05 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun גֵּרָ֖ה 1 Here, **the cud** does not refer to a specific food substance. Rather, it refers to any food that an animal chews again. This may be food that returns from the first stomach of certain animals to their mouth for further chewing, as with camels, or food that is digested, passed, and eaten again, as with rabbits and rock badgers. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “re-digested food” or “partially digested food that is eaten again” the cud 11:3 pqzj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה 1 The expression **the livestock** does not refer to a specific group of animals. It describes any four-footed animal that an Israelite might own or encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “among any quadrupeds that you might own or encounter” among the livestock 11:3 dae5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ 1 "Here, **it** refers to any individual land-dwelling quadruped that meets both of the criteria listed in this verse. That is, it must both chew cud and possess a completely divided hoof to be considered clean and acceptable for eating. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “you shall eat any four-footed animal that meets these criteria""" you shall eat it 11:4 c9gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה 1 This expression means that the following animals match one condition or the other, but not both. For example, an animal may chew cud (like **the camel** in the current verse), but it may not have a completely divided hoof (or any hoof at all). Alternatively, the animal may possess a divided hoof but not chew any cud. These types of animals were to be considered unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. However, this you shall not eat from the ones that are making the cud go up or from the ones that are dividing a hoof 11:4 j7ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶֽת־ הַ֠גָּמָל 1 The expression **the camel** does not refer to a specific animal. It describes any camel that an Israelite might own or encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a camel” the camel 11:4 rw0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָל 1 This **camel** is a large, long-necked animal that usually lives in dry, arid climates. It has long slender legs, broad cushioned feet, and either one or two humps on its back. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. the camel 11:4 vhj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֨ה גֵרָ֜ה ה֗וּא וּפַרְסָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מַפְרִ֔יס 1 This expression refers to the fact that the camel matches one condition, but not both. It chews the cud but does not possess a completely divided hoof. Because of this, it should be considered unclean. If this would be unclear in your language, it may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. because it is making the cud go up but a hoof it is not dividing 11:4 rxot rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־ 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You shall not eat the camel because” because 11:4 tv2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וּפַרְסָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מַפְרִ֔יס 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. The verb **dividing** comes from the same root as the noun **hoof**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but it does not have a completely divided hoof” but a hoof it is not dividing 11:4 ddz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, for an animal to be **unclean** does not mean that it is physically dirty or nutritionally unhealthy to eat. Rather, the designation refers to whether or not the animal should be considered acceptable for an Israelite to eat and whether contact with the animal would ritually defile the people of Israel. By maintaining a specific diet, the people of Israel would keep themselves separated and distinct from the people and nations around them, demonstrating that they are holy people, dedicated to Yahweh (as [11:43–45](../11/43.md) explains). In your translation, be sure to indicate the label **unclean** does not refer to an animal being unhygienic or unhealthy. It {is} unclean to you 11:5 ykh0 rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-result וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן כִּֽי 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Likewise, you shall not eat the rock badger. This is because” And the rock badger, because 11:5 b1fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן 1 This **rock badger** is a small-to-medium-sized rodent-like animal that lives and hunts in rocky places. It is also known as the hyrax, the rock rabbit, or, in some places, the coney. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. And the rock badger 11:5 mirq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן 1 The expression **the rock badger** does not refer to a specific animal. It describes any rock badger that an Israelite might encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And a rock badger” And the rock badger 11:5 e2np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֤ה גֵרָה֙ ה֔וּא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַפְרִ֑יס 1 Like camels, rock badgers meet one condition, but not both. While it does not chew the cud like a camel, it moves its jaw in a similar manner as animals that chew the cud. Moreover, rock badgers habitually eat food that has already been digested and passed. Nonetheless, rock badgers do not possess a completely divided hoof, because they do not have hooves at all. Because of this, it should be considered unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. because it is making the cud go up, but it does not divide a hoof 11:5 tae4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַפְרִ֑יס 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. The verb **divide** comes from the same root as the noun **hoof**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but it does not have a completely divided hoof” but it does not divide a hoof 11:5 c39c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם 1 See how you translated this expression in [11:4](../11/04.md). It {is} unclean to you 11:6 dhzl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת כִּֽי 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Likewise, you shall not eat the rabbit. This is because” And the rabbit, because 11:6 a11v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת 1 This **rabbit** is a burrowing, plant-eating animal with long ears, long back legs, and a short tail. If your language has a word for such an animal, consider using it here. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. And the rabbit 11:6 idao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת 1 The expression **the rabbit** does not refer to a specific animal. It describes any rabbit that an Israelite might encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a rabbit” And the rabbit 11:6 s90e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־מַעֲלַ֤ת גֵּרָה֙ הִ֔וא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֑יסָה 1 Like rock badgers, rabbits meet one condition, but not both. While it does not chew the cud like a camel, it moves its jaw in a similar manner as animals that chew the cud. Moreover, rabbits habitually eat food that has already been digested and passed. Nonetheless, they do not possess a completely divided hoof, because they do not have hooves at all. Because of this, rabbits should be considered unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. because it is making the cud go up, but it does not divide a hoof 11:6 imuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֑יסָה 1 See how you translated these repeated words in [11:5](../11/05.md). but it does not divide a hoof 11:7 albz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי 1 The word **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Likewise, you shall not eat the pig. This is because” And the pig, because 11:7 qmfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר 1 This **pig** is a hoofed swine with a flat snout for rooting in the soil. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. And the pig 11:7 vh26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר 1 The expression **the pig** does not refer to a specific animal. It describes any pig that an Israelite might encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And a pig” And the pig 11:7 pq3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֨סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר 1 Like rock badgers and rabbits, pigs meet one condition, but not both. While it possesses a completely cloven hoof, it does not chew cud. Because of this, pigs should be considered unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. because it is dividing a hoof and splitting the cleft of a hoof, but it itself does not chew the cud 11:7 g62y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֨סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “because it is dividing the hoof in a way that splits the cleft of the hooves completely” because it is dividing a hoof and splitting the cleft of a hoof 11:7 jjwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא 1 See how you translated these repeated words in [11:5](../11/05.md). it is dividing a hoof 11:7 wdut rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֨סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. The verb **splitting** comes from the same root as the noun **cleft**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “and its hooves are completely divided” and splitting the cleft of a hoof 11:7 nczj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. Here, the verb **chew** comes from the same root as the noun **cud**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but it itself does not chew cud” but it itself does not chew the cud 11:7 i0u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר 1 This expression the word **itself** to emphasize that **pig** does not chew the cud. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “but it itself never chews cud” but it itself does not chew the cud 11:9 m2na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 This expression refers to all water-dwelling creatures, including fish and mammals. If it would be clearer in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from any fish or mammal that lives in the water” from everything that {is} in the water 11:9 sojs כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת 1 Alternative translation: “anything that has both fins and scales” everything that {is} to it fins and scales 11:9 j5mn כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת 1 As was the case with the land-dwelling quadrupeds, here this expression states criteria by which the people of Israel may determine whether a water-dwelling fish, mammal, or anything else that lives in the water is acceptable for eating. Essentially, the creature must possess both **fins** and **scales**. The implication is that if a creature fulfills only one of these criteria, it should be considered unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. everything that {is} to it fins and scales 11:9 j4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סְנַפִּ֨יר 1 Here, **fins** refers to the thin, flat parts that the fish uses to move through the water. fins 11:9 l6nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת 1 Here, **scales** refers to the small, bony plates that cover the body of the fish. and scales 11:9 opa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ 1 Here, **them** refers to the fish that possess both **fins** and **scales**. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “you shall eat anything that lives in water that possesses both fins and scales” them you shall eat 11:10 owox rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 This expression establishes criteria by which the people of Israel may determine whether a creature that lives in the water, regardless of whether it lives in **the seas** or in **the rivers**, is acceptable for eating. Essentially, the animal must possess both **fins** and **scales**. The implication, as the following verses will illustrate, is that if an animal fulfills only one of these criteria, it should be considered **a detestable thing** and should be avoided at all costs. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. But everything that there is not to it fins or scales in the seas or in the rivers, from every swarming thing of the water and from every life of a living thing that {is} in the water 11:10 yngo וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת 1 Alternative translation: “But anything that does not have both fins and scales” But everything that there is not to it fins or scales 11:10 x8y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe **swarming** fish that live in **water**, that is, schools of small fish that swarm in large numbers. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “from every fish that swarms in large numbers and lives in the water” from every swarming thing of the water 11:10 caaa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe **living things** that are both living, breathing creatures and live in **water**. Whereas the expression **swarming thing of the water** refers to schools of small fish, this expression likely refers to larger fish and mammals that live in water. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and from every living creature that lives in the water” and from every life of a living thing that {is} in the water 11:12 znvd כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת 1 Alternative translation: “Anything that does not have both fins and scales” Everything that there is not to it fins or scales 11:13 q2t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns מִן־הָע֔וֹף 1 The word **bird** is singular in form, but it refers to all winged animals as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “from winged animals” from the bird 11:13 faw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You should not eat them” They shall not be eaten 11:13 t0xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הַנֶּ֨שֶׁר֙ 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a large carrion-eating bird of prey, such as the **eagle.** Like many of the birds on this list, this bird is a large, carnivorous bird of prey that eats dead animals. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. the eagle 11:13 gs9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַפֶּ֔רֶס 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **vulture**. Like many of the birds on this list, it is a carnivorous bird of prey that eats dead animals. Specifically, a **vulture** is a large bird of prey with the head and neck more or less bare of feathers, feeding mostly on carrion. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the vulture 11:13 lvfa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה׃ 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers generally to a **buzzard**. Like all the birds in this verse, it is a large carnivorous bird of prey that eats dead animals. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the buzzard 11:14 x7r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **kite**. Like all the birds in this verse, it is a small-to-medium-sized carnivorous bird of prey that eats dead animals. Specifically, a **kite** is a small bird of prey with a partly bare face and short beak. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the kite 11:14 jvrn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה 1 Although the exact designation of this group of birds is debated, the word likely refers to a **falcon**. Like all the birds in this verse, it is a small-to-medium-sized carnivorous bird of prey that eats dead animals. Specifically, a **falcon** is a bird of prey ranging in size from large to small, with long pointed wings and a notched beak. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the falcon 11:14 omqg לְמִינָֽהּ׃ 1 Alternate translation: “of any kind” of its kind 11:15 mm47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **raven**, a medium-to-large-sized bird with entirely black feathers. It feeds on mostly carrion. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. any raven 11:15 q7mr לְמִינֽוֹ׃ 1 Alternate translation: “of any kind” of its kind 11:16 asgi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה 1 The expression **the daughter of clamor** describes a bird who possesses a noisy cry that sounds like a **clamor**. Specifically, this expression is used to describe an ostrich. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the ostrich” and the daughter of clamor 11:16 da3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to an ostrich, a flightless, fast-running bird. It has a long neck, long bare legs, and two toes on each foot. In the ancient world, it was associated with ruins and desolate places and therefore with death and destruction. It also had religious associations with death and the afterlife in Egypt. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the daughter of clamor 11:16 livi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers generally to an **owl**, a bird that hunts at night, ranging from small to large in size, with large eyes and a hooked beak. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the owl 11:16 krc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **gull**, a common white bird that hunts in large bodies of water. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the gull 11:16 a26g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **hawk**, a small-to-medium-sized bird of prey with broad rounded wings and a long tail. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the hawk of its kind 11:17 i5zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to the **little owl**, a small-sized variety of owls, a nocturnal bird of prey that commonly feeds on carrion. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated the word “owl” in the previous verse. and the little owl 11:17 kime rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **cormorant**, a large diving bird with a long neck, long hooked bill, and dark feathers. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the cormorant 11:17 agto rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף׃ 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **big owl**, a large-sized variety of owls, a nocturnal bird of prey that commonly feeds on carrion. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated the word “owl” in the previous verse. and the big owl 11:18 thz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **waterhen**, a small-to-medium-sized water bird that lives in the water and hunts by wading in shallow water. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the waterhen 11:18 e7k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַקָּאָ֖ת 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **pelican**, a large white or grey water bird with a large bill designed for scooping up fish and prey. This word may specifically refer to a variety of **pelican** that lives in the desert. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the pelican 11:18 nsbv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הָרָחָֽם׃ 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to an **ibis**, a group of wading water birds that have long necks and legs and a long, curved beak. If your readers would not be familiar with this group of birds, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the ibis 11:19 tq7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵת֙ הַחֲסִידָ֔ה 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **stork**, a tall long-legged bird with a long heavy bill that wades in shallow water. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific type of bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the stork 11:19 mhlm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **heron**, a large fish-eating bird with long legs. It is recognizable by its long S-shaped neck and long pointed bill. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar species of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. the heron of its kind 11:19 v489 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֶת־הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת 1 Although the exact designation of this bird is debated, it likely refers to a **hoopoe**, a salmon-pink bird with a long thin beak and black and white wings and tail. In the ancient world, it was often associated with filth and excrement. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific bird, you could use the name of a similar specieis of bird in your area or you could use a more general term. and the hoopoe 11:19 gzj5 הָעֲטַלֵּֽף 1 Although the exact designation of this flying animal is debated, it likely refers to a **bat**, a winged, rodent-like mammal that usually flies and hunts at night. Although the **bat** is not a bird, it is a flying creature associated with death and destruction in the ancient world because of its tendency to live near desolate or deserted places. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of a similar flying animal in your area or you could use a more general term. and the bat 11:20 a5q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־ אַרְבַּ֑ע 1 Here, the expression **the one walking on four** is an idiom that means to crawl on the ground on four legs. This sets these insects apart from other flying things, such as birds, that have only two feet. Alternate translation: “Every swarming thing of the wing that has four legs” Every swarming thing of the wing, the one walking on four 11:20 flpp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף 1 The expression **every swarming thing of the wing** uses the possessive form to describe a swarming insect that is characterized by possessing wings. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “Every winged, swarming insect” Every swarming thing of the wing 11:21 xf6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע 1 See how you translated these expressions in [11:20](../11/32.md). from every swarming thing of the wing, the one walking on four 11:21 we21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ כְרָעַ֨יִם֙ מִמַּ֣עַל לְרַגְלָ֔יו לְנַתֵּ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ 1 This expression establishes a criterion by which the people of Israel may determine whether a winged, swarming insect is acceptable for eating. Essentially, the insect must have jointed legs with which it jumps on the ground. The implication is that if an insect does not have jointed legs, the people of Israel should consider the insect to be unclean. Express this in whatever way is most natural for your language. Alternate translation: “that which has jointed legs above its feet with which it jumps on the ground” that which to it {are} legs from above to its feet to jump with them on the earth 11:21 x9k0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְנַתֵּ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן 1 Here, **to** marks jumping as the goal or purpose of having jointed legs. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to jump with them 11:22 vnye אֶת־אֵ֤לֶּה מֵהֶם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “These from among them” These from them 11:22 dqs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת־הָֽאַרְבֶּ֣ה לְמִינ֔וֹ וְאֶת־הַסָּלְעָ֖ם לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְאֶת־הֶחָגָ֖ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ 1 Although the exact designation of these insects is debated, these terms likely refer to locust- or cricket-like insects that have wings and jointed legs by which they jump on the ground. Although these insects usually have six legs, [11:20](../11/20.md) describes these insects as swarming things that have four legs. This is because, in most cases, these insects walk on four legs and use their back two legs, quite different in size and appearance from the rest, to jump. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of insects, you could use the names of similar insects in your area or you could use more general terms. the locust of its kind and the bald locust of its kind and the cricket of its kind and the grasshopper of its kind 11:23 ntmx וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם 1 Alternate translation: “Every winged, swarming insect that has four legs” But every swarming thing of the wing that to it {are} four feet 11:23 cr37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם 1 This statement reiterates what [11:20](../11/20.md) stated. Any winged, swarming insect that only has four legs with which it walks on the ground, other than the ones listed in the previous verse, are to be considered unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, consider clarifying this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. that to it {are} four feet 11:24 n92t וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה 1 Here, **these** refers to either: 1) any winged, swarming insect that has four legs and does not possess jointed legs. Alternate translation: “And by any winged, swarming insect that has four legs that are not jointed on which it walks” or 2) all the unclean quadrupeds, including the ones that have paws, listed in [11:26–27](../11/26.md). Alternate translation: “And by any quadruped that either chews cud or has a completely cloven hoof, but does not possess both characteristics, or by any quadruped that has paws” And by these 11:25 eqb7 וְכָל־הַנֹּשֵׂ֖א מִנִּבְלָתָ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “and whoever picks up one of their carcasses” and anyone lifting {one} of their carcasses 11:25 fc28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו 1 The act of washing one’s clothing is not for hygienic purposes but rather for the purpose of removing ritual impurity from one’s body or from anything one comes into contact with. If this would be unclear to your readers, consider explaining the significance of this action in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “shall wash his clothes in order to remove any impurity from them that they might have acquired by touching the carcass of the unclean insect or animal” shall wash his clothes 11:26 ly8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְֽכָל־הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִוא֩ מַפְרֶ֨סֶת פַּרְסָ֜ה וְשֶׁ֣סַע ׀ אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה 1 See how you translated these expressions in [11:3](../11/03.md). To any livestock that it {is} dividing the hoof, but it is not splitting the cleft, and it is not making the cud go up 11:27 te6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו 1 This expression refers to any animal that walks on its paws. Express this in whatever way is most natural for your language. Alternate translation: “Anything that goes about on its paws” And anything walking on its palms 11:27 bs0b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע 1 See how you translated this expression in [11:20](../11/32.md). the ones walking on four 11:28 y6p7 וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And whoever picks up their carcasses” And the one who lifts their carcasses 11:29 em5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 This expression refers to all animals that swarm in large numbers and crawl close to the ground. Express this in whatever way would be most natural for your language. Alternate translation: “among any swarming animals that crawl close to the ground” among the swarming things, the ones that swarm on the earth 11:29 d6ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַחֹ֥לֶד 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term likely refers to a **rat**, a large rodent, typically having a pointed nose and a long bare tail. If your readers would not be familiar with this animal, you could use the name of a something animal in your area or you could use a more general term. the rat 11:29 v24s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהָעַכְבָּ֖ר 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term likely refers to a **mouse**, a small rodent, typically having long ears and a long tail. If your readers would not be familiar with this animal, you could use the name of a something animal in your area or you could use a more general term. and the mouse 11:29 v3ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃ 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term may refer to a **large lizard**. This term includes a wide variety of large scaly reptiles with four short legs. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of animal, you could use the name of a similar group of animals in your area or you could use a more general term. and the large lizard of its kind 11:30 qr8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term may refer to a **gecko**, a large group of small lizards with sticky pads on their feet by which they climb. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of animal, you could use the name of a similar group of animals in your area or you could use a more general term. and the gecko 11:30 n83c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהַכֹּ֖חַ 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term may refer to a **monitor lizard**, a term that includes a wide variety or large, heavy-set lizards with large claws and a forked, snake-like tongue. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of animal, you could use the name of a similar group of animals in your area or you could use a more general term. and the monitor lizard 11:30 gqug rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term may generally refer to a **lizard**, including a wide variety of small-to-large-sized scaly reptiles with four short legs and a long tail. If your readers would not be familiar with this general group of animals, you could use the name of a similar kind of animal in your area or you could use a more general term. and the lizard 11:30 vad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהַחֹ֖מֶט 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term may refer to a **skink**. This term includes a wide variety of small smooth-skinned lizards that typically burrow in sandy ground. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of animal, you could use the name of a similar group of animals in your area or you could use a more general term. and the skink 11:30 bplm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃ 1 Although the exact designation of this animal is debated, this term may refer to a **chameleon**. If this is the case, this term refers to a small, slow lizard with a long, curved tail, and a long, sticky tongue. It also has bulging eyes that move independently and is most recognizable for its ability to blend in with its surroundings by changing color. If your readers would not be familiar with this specific animal, you could use the name of a similar animal in your area or you could use a more general term. and the chameleon 11:31 tryh בְּמֹתָ֖ם 1 Alternate translation: “when they have died” when they are dead 11:32 jw6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵהֶ֨ם 1 The expression **one from them** refers to any unclean animal, but specifically the list of lizards and “swarming things” from [11:29–30](../11/29.md). one} from them 11:32 b5he בְּמֹתָ֜ם 1 Alternate translation: “when they have died” when they are dead 11:32 acz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ א֣וֹ בֶ֤גֶד אוֹ־עוֹר֙ א֣וֹ שָׂ֔ק 1 This expression refers to any container, clothing, or object that is made from **wood**, **cloth**, **leather**, or **sackcloth**. Alternate translation: “anything made from wood or cloth or leather or sackcloth” from any vessel of wood or cloth or leather or sackcloth 11:32 u25t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the owner of any such item with which he does work should bring it into water” any vessel that work is done with them shall be brought into the water 11:33 d03r וְכָל־כְּלִי־חֶ֔רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֥ל מֵהֶ֖ם אֶל־תּוֹכ֑וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “And any vessel of clay into which one from them falls” And any vessel of clay that {one} from them falls into its midst 11:33 hczh rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵהֶ֖ם 1 See how you translated this expression in [11:32](../11/32.md). one} from them 11:33 jtb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וְאֹת֥וֹ תִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃ 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to the people of Israel, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. and you shall break it 11:33 hnm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֹת֥וֹ תִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃ 1 Here, **it** refers to the **vessel of clay**. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “and you shall break the vessel of clay” and you shall break it 11:34 uwh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִכָּל־הָאֹ֜כֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֗ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Any edible food” From any food that is eaten 11:34 alk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מִכָּל־הָאֹ֜כֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֗ל 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. Specifically, the verb **eaten** comes from the same root as the noun **food**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “From anything that can be eaten” From any food that is eaten 11:34 z15b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָב֥וֹא עָלָ֛יו מַ֖יִם 1 Here, **water** refers to any liquid that was in the vessel of clay when any dead unclean animal falls into it. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “onto which any such water comes” that water comes onto it 11:34 dj72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְכָל־מַשְׁקֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשָּׁתֶ֔ה 1 Here, words are being repeated for emphasis. Here, the verb **drunk** comes from the same root as the noun **drink**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “and any liquid that you can drink” and any drink that is drunk 11:34 v5h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־מַשְׁקֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשָּׁתֶ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and any drinkable liquid” and any drink that is drunk 11:34 x0fr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּכָל־כְּלִ֖י 1 Here, **any vessel** refers to any container into which a dead unclean animal has fallen. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from any vessel into which a dead, unclean animal has fallen” from any vessel 11:35 tpt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם 1 Here, **their** refers to the list of unclean animals. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “one of the carcasses of any unclean animal” one} of their carcasses 11:35 dg8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תַּנּ֧וּר וְכִירַ֛יִם יֻתָּ֖ץ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You shall shatter an oven or stove” or “The owner of the oven or stove shall shatter it” An oven or stove shall be smashed 11:35 j42w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown תַּנּ֧וּר 1 See how you translated this household item in [2:4](../02/04.md). An oven 11:35 xz0g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְכִירַ֛יִם 1 This **stove** was likely a household item on which food could be cooked in or over an open flame. If your language has a word for such an item, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “or other means of cooking food” or stove 11:36 fcx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַ֣ךְ מַעְיָ֥ן וּב֛וֹר מִקְוֵה־מַ֖יִם 1 These terms all refer to some flowing source of water as opposed to still, tapped water, for example, as in a cistern. The implication is that although a dead, unclean animal may fall into them, the source of water and the water it produces are still to be considered **clean**. Express this in whatever way is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, any source of flowing water” However, a spring or well, a reservoir of water 11:36 w98a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם 1 Here, **their** refers to the list of unclean animals. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “the carcass of any unclean animal” their carcass 11:37 xaa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִנִּבְלָתָ֔ם 1 Here, **their** refers to the list of unclean animals. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “one of the carcasses of any unclean animal” one} of their carcass 11:37 t32e rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry כָּל־זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִזָּרֵ֑עַ 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. The noun **seed** is related to the verb **sown**. The emphasis distinguishes these seeds as plant seeds and not any other kind of seed, whether male sperm, discharge, or otherwise. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “any plant seeds that are sown in the ground” any seed, a sown seed that will be sown 11:37 u7nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִזָּרֵ֑עַ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “any seed that someone might plant in the ground” any seed, a sown seed that will be sown 11:38 as1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־ מַ֨יִם֙ עַל־ זֶ֔רַע 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But when you water the seed” or ”But when someone waters the seed” But when water is given on seed 11:38 fazf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־מַ֨יִם֙ עַל־זֶ֔רַע 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to watering a seed after it has been planted in the ground. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. However, if this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But when a seed is watered after it has been planted in the ground” But when water is given on seed 11:38 glvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns עַל־זֶ֔רַע 1 In this verse, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to all plant seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “on some seeds” on seed 11:38 zl8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִנִּבְלָתָ֖ם 1 Here, **their** refers to the list of unclean animals. If it would be helpful to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “one of the carcasses of any unclean animal” one} of their carcass 11:39 v8eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכִ֤י יָמוּת֙ מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָ֑ה 1 This expression refers to any land-dwelling quadruped that is acceptable for eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “But whenever one of the livestock that is acceptable for you to eat dies” But when {one} from the livestock that it {is} to you to eat dies 11:39 bm8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ 1 The phrase **the one touching** represents anyone who touches these animals in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “whoever touches its carcass” the one touching its carcass 11:40 fqfo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהָֽאֹכֵל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔הּ 1 The phrase **the one eating** represents anyone who eats these animals in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And whoever eats meat from its carcass” And the one eating from its carcass 11:40 ktwu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔הּ 1 The phrase **the one lifting** represents anyone who carries these animals in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And whoever picks up its carcass” And the one lifting its carcass 11:41 ikn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 This expression refers to a broad category of animals that swarm and crawl on the ground. You may be able to use a similar expression in your language. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And any kind of animal that swarms on the ground” And every swarming thing, the one swarming on the ground 11:41 h8uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 This expression is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that comes from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Anything at all that swarms all over the ground” And every swarming thing, the one swarming on the ground 11:41 kd84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it” It shall not be eaten 11:42 h8rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כֹּל֩ הוֹלֵ֨ךְ עַל־גָּח֜וֹן 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to any swarming animal that crawls and possesses short limbs or limbs that are angled in such a way that its belly drags on the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any animal that crawls with its belly on the ground” Anything walking on a belly 11:42 xk6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֗ע 1 See how you translated this expression in [11:20](../11/32.md). and anything walking on four 11:42 i3zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַ֚ד כָּל־מַרְבֵּ֣ה רַגְלַ֔יִם 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to any swarming animal that possesses many legs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “or anything with many legs” up to anything multiplying feet 11:42 t34d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry לְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 This expression is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that comes from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “to anything at all that swarms all over the ground” of any swarming thing, the one swarming on the earth 11:43 swkt אַל־תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “You shall not make yourselves detestable” You shall not make your spirits detestable 11:43 kiao rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֑ץ 1 This expression is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that comes from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “with anything at all that swarms all over” with any swarming thing, the one swarming 11:43 fzj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְנִטְמֵתֶ֖ם בָּֽם׃ 1 Yahweh repeats the same idea twice with different words in order to strengthen the command that the people of Israel are not to eat any unclean animal. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And you should not make yourselves unclean with them. No, certainly, you should never be made unclean by them” And you shall not make yourselves unclean with them and be made unclean by them 11:43 g8uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִטְמֵתֶ֖ם בָּֽם׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and do not let them make you unclean” and be made unclean by them 11:44 t1ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒ 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “You should avoid making your spirits unclean with them because I am Yahweh your God” For I {am} Yahweh your God 11:44 eofj וְלֹ֤א תְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And you shall not make yourselves unclean” And you shall not make your spirits unclean 11:44 cvsc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ 1 This expression refers to the same animals that were described in [11:41–42](../11/41.md). If this would be unclean in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with any of those swarming animals or insects that swarm or crawl on the earth” with any swarming thing, the one crawling on the earth 11:45 lb8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “You should not make yourselves unclean because I am Yahweh” For I {am} Yahweh 11:45 ffea rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לִהְיֹ֥ת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים 1 Here, the word **to** marks Yahweh being Israel’s God as the goal or purpose of his bringing them out of Egypt. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation, with a period before: “I brought you out of Egypt so that I could be your God” to be God for you 11:45 utb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָֽנִי׃ 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “You must be a holy people because I am holy” for I {am} holy 11:46 p067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֤ת הַבְּהֵמָה֙ וְהָע֔וֹף 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the **instruction** that is characterized by its referring to the wide variety of animals, fish, and living things listed in this verse. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that has to do with the livestock and the bird” or “This is the instruction that pertains to the livestock and the bird” This {is} the instruction of the livestock and the bird 11:46 hr3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַבְּהֵמָה֙ וְהָע֔וֹף 1 The expressions **the livestock** and **the bird** do not refer to specific groups of animals. Rather, they describe any four-footed animal or any bird that an Israelite might own or encounter in their daily life. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: ”quadrupeds and birds” the livestock and the bird 11:46 h998 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns 1 See how you translated this collective noun in [11:13](../11/13.md). 11:46 dhn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכֹל֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה הָרֹמֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 This expression likely refers to small fish or water-dwelling creatures that swarm in water. This may include, for example, schools of small fish and creatures like crabs and starfish. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider using a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “and every living thing that swarms in large numbers in the water” and every life of the living thing, the ones swarming in the water 11:46 cm35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְכֹל֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה 1 The expression **life of the living thing** uses the possessive form to describe an animal that is a living, breathing, creature. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and every living creature” and every life of the living thing 11:46 ekfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּלְכָל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ הַשֹּׁרֶ֥צֶת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ 1 Like the previous expression that referred to living creatures in the water, this expression refers to anything living that crawls about on dry land. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider using a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “and of every living creature that crawls about on the ground” and of every life, the ones crawling on the earth 11:47 gtww rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהַבְדִּ֕יל 1 Here, the word **to** marks distinguishing between clean and unclean animals as the goal or purpose of these instructions. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This instruction is intended to help you separate” to separate 11:47 d1y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj בֵּ֥ין הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֣ין הַטָּהֹ֑ר 1 The adjectives **unclean** and **clean** are being used as nouns to refer to that which is able to be in holy space and come into contact with holy objects and that which is impure and cannot be in holy space without introducing impurity to that space and those objects. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “between that which is unclean and that which is clean” between the unclean and between the clean 11:47 e7h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת & הַֽחַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the living thing that you may eat … the living thing that you may not eat” the living thing, the one being eaten, & the living thing that shall not be eaten 12:intro p2iu 0 # Leviticus 12 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Menstruation\n\nA woman was considered to be unclean after she began to bleed from her womb every month and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) 12:1 q2xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר׃ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 12:1-2 njnq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotesinquotes לֵּאמֹֽר׃ & דַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to tell the sons of Israel” saying & Speak to the sons of Israel, saying 12:2 0wnp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 12:2 wr5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִשָּׁה֙ כִּ֣י תַזְרִ֔יעַ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to when a woman becomes pregnant and brings her baby completely to term. If this expression would not have the same meaning in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When a woman is pregnant and gives birth” A woman, when she bears seed 12:2 b3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְיָלְדָ֖ה זָכָ֑ר 1 This expression refers to a woman giving birth to a male child. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she gives birth to a son” and she bears a male 12:2 tuc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry כִּימֵ֛י נִדַּ֥ת דְּוֺתָ֖הּ 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. Alternate translation: ”Like the days when she is menstruating” Like the days of the menstruation of her menstruating 12:2 5sns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כִּימֵ֛י נִדַּ֥ת דְּוֺתָ֖הּ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe **days** during which a woman is **menstruating**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Like when she is normally menstruating” Like the days of the menstruation of her menstruating 12:2 v94l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כִּימֵ֛י נִדַּ֥ת דְּוֺתָ֖הּ 1 The word **menstruation** refers to the time when blood discharges from a woman’s uterine lining. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **menstruation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Like the time when she is menstruating normally” Like the days of the menstruation of her menstruating 12:3 cven rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וּבַיּ֖וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֑י 1 The word **eighth** is the ordinal number for eight. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And after seven days” And on the eighth day 12:3 rcr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִמּ֖וֹל בְּשַׂ֥ר עָרְלָתֽוֹ 1 Only the priest could perform this action. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a priest must circumcise the flesh of the foreskin of the baby boy” the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised 12:4 65su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים 1 This expression denotes 33 days, which, combined with the seven-day period before the child is circumcised, makes 40 days. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, with a comma after: “And for 33 days” And 30 days and three days 12:4 d17l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תֵּשֵׁ֖ב בִּדְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֑ה 1 The expression **the blood of her purification** uses the possessive form to describe a flow of **blood** that is characterized by the fact that the onset of this blood begins a period of time during which the woman should prepare to be purified. The implication is that for the 33 days during which time she is bleeding from childbirth, the woman is preparing to be purified from the impurity caused by the blood that she bled during her childbirth. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she shall prepare to be purified from the impurity of the blood that she bled during childbirth” she shall stay in the blood of her purification 12:4 ti40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּדְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֑ה & יְמֵ֥י טָהֳרָֽהּ׃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **purification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the blood that begins a period that prepares her to be purified ... the days during which she prepares to be purified” in the blood of her purification. & the days of her purification 12:4 v3y0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַד־מְלֹ֖את יְמֵ֥י טָהֳרָֽהּ׃ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the completion of the 33 days during which the woman who has given birth to a son is preparing to be purified. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “until the days of her purification are completed” until the days of her purification are full 12:4 u7mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַד־מְלֹ֖את יְמֵ֥י טָהֳרָֽהּ׃\n 1 This expression uses the word **days** to refer to a period of time during which the woman who has given birth should prepare to be purified. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “until the period of her purification is full” or “until the time during which she is preparing to be purified is full” until the days of her purification are full 12:5 xn6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאִם־נְקֵבָ֣ה תֵלֵ֔ד 1 This expression refers to a woman giving birth to a female child. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if she gives birth to a daughter” But if she bears a female 12:5 coma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁבֻעַ֖יִם 1 The expression **two sets of seven days** refers to a two-week or 14-day period. If this phrase would not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for fourteen days” for} two sets of seven {days 12:5 z4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּנִדָּתָ֑הּ 1 The word **menstruation** refers to the time when blood discharges from a woman’s uterine lining. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **menstruation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as when she is normally menstruating” like her menstruation 12:5 b6pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים 1 As was the case when a woman bears a male child, this expression denotes 66 days during which the woman must prepare to be purified from the impurity caused by the blood she bled during childbirth. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And for 66 days” And 60 days and six days 12:5 8z4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַל־ דְּמֵ֥י טָהֳרָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [12:4](../12/04.md). in the blood of her purification 12:6 yy8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּבִמְלֹ֣את ׀ יְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֗הּ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the completion of the period of time during which the woman who has given birth to a child is preparing to be purified—33 days **for a son** and 66 days **for a daughter**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And when the days of her purification are completed” And when the days of her purification are full 12:6 aeit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֗הּ 1 See how you translated this expression in [12:4](../12/04.md). the days of her purification 12:6 ygmw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יְמֵ֣י טָהֳרָ֗הּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **purification**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the days during which she prepares to be purified” the days of her purification 12:6 cz1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְבֵן֮ א֣וֹ לְבַת֒ 1 This expression references the different number of days for **purification** based on whether the woman gave birth to a **son** or a **daughter**. If this would not be clear, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whether 33 days for a son or 66 days for a daughter” for a son or for a daughter 12:6 d2yd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כֶּ֤בֶשׂ בֶּן־שְׁנָתוֹ֙ 1 The expression **a son of its year** is an idiom that refers to an animal that is a year old. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [9:3](../09/03.md). Alternate translation: “a year-old lamb” or “a twelve-months old lamb” a lamb, a son of its year 12:6 m1qx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבֶן־יוֹנָ֥ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:14](../01/14.md). and a son of a pigeon 12:6 upd0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֶל־פֶּ֥תַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to the entrance of the tent of meeting where the priest is” to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to the priest 12:7 gual rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns וְהִקְרִיב֞וֹ 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest and **it** refers to all the animals that the previous verse described. If this would be unclear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall present the lamb and the bird” And he shall present it 12:7 xi1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:3](../01/03.md). the face of Yahweh 12:7 515d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). However, in your translation, make it clear that the woman does not need **atonement** because of any sin on her part. Here, the sacrifices performed by the priest provide for the removal of impurity from the women—in this case, impurity acquired by the presence of blood discharging from the woman's body, not by any sin. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. and he shall make atonement for her 12:7 w9ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְטָהֲרָ֖ה מִמְּקֹ֣ר דָּמֶ֑יהָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will cleanse her from her bleeding occurring during childbirth” And she will be purified from the flow of her blood 12:7 uejj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִמְּקֹ֣ר דָּמֶ֑יהָ 1 This expression refers to the **flow** of **blood** that the woman bled during the process of childbirth. The implication is that the woman was made impure because of the presence of blood discharging from her body. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the impurity that she acquired from the blood that she bled during her childbirth” from the flow of her blood 12:7 fzid rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַת֙ הַיֹּלֶ֔דֶת לַזָּכָ֖ר א֥וֹ לַנְּקֵבָֽה׃ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe these instructions that pertain to women giving birth to children, whether boys or girls. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that pertains to the woman who bears a male or a female” to & is} the instruction of the {woman} who bears a male or a female 12:7 q1wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיֹּלֶ֔דֶת לַזָּכָ֖ר א֥וֹ לַנְּקֵבָֽה׃ 1 This expression refers to a woman giving birth to a child, whether **a male** or **a female**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have that meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the woman who gives birth to a male or a female” to & the {woman} who bears a male or a female 12:8 vh6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאִם־לֹ֨א תִמְצָ֣א יָדָהּ֮ דֵּ֣י שֶׂה֒ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being too poor to afford to offer one’s own flock animal or to purchase another’s flock animal. If your language uses a similar idiom, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expressions in [5:7](../05/07.md) and [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “But if she cannot afford to offer her own flock animal or to purchase someone else’s” But if her hand does not find enough of a lamb 12:8 lha0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:14](../01/14.md). sons of the pigeon 12:8 mfay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלֶ֛יהָ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). However, in your translation, make it clear that the woman does not need atonement because of any sin on her part. Here, the sacrifices performed by the priest provide for the removal of impurity from the women—in this case, impurity acquired by the presence of blood discharging from the woman's body, not by any sin. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. And the priest shall make atonement for her 13:intro fn27 0 # Leviticus 13 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Skin disease\n\nThis chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This is also true concerning things growing on clothing or things that touch a person’s skin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) 13:1 e5bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר׃ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 13:2 241f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ֙ & בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ 1 Here and throughout these chapters, **flesh** refers to one’s body. If this would be confusing in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the skin of his body … on the skin of his body” on the skin of his flesh & on the skin of his flesh 13:2 9hca rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂאֵ֤ת 1 This **swelling** refers to a portion of skin that has become inflamed, swollen, and usually discolored. In some instances, it can be the symptom of an infectious skin disease. If your language has a word for this kind of skin condition, consider using it here. If not, use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a swollen spot of skin” a swelling 13:2 9og1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown סַפַּ֨חַת֙ 1 This **scab** refers to a hard, crusty portion of skin that is irritated and often discolored. In some instances, it can be the symptom of an infectious skin disease. If your language has a word for this kind of skin condition, consider using it here. If not, use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a crusty and irritated spot of skin” a scab 13:2 thzh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַהֶ֔רֶת 1 This **bright spot** refers to a portion of skin that has become irritated and discolored. In some instances, it can be the symptom of an infectious skin disease. If your language has a word for this kind of skin condition, consider using it here. If not, use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a discolored and irritated spot of skin” a bright spot 13:2 pjf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְנֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת 1 The expression **an inflection of skin disease** uses the possessive form to describe a contagious skin disease that is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms—in this case, a visible infection. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a likely symptom of a contagious skin disease” an inflection of skin disease 13:2 bj45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צָרָ֑עַת 1 The phrase **skin disease** may be commonly translated as “leprosy,” but, in terms of modern medicine, the phrase actually covers a large range of contagious skin diseases, not limited to the modern designation Hansen’s disease. If your language has a word or expression that describes a wide range of infectious and sometimes deadly skin diseases, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “contagious disease that affects people's skin” skin disease 13:2 gy4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהוּבָא֙ אֶל־אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then someone shall bring him to Aaron the priest” or “then he shall go to Aaron the priest” then he shall be brought to Aaron the priest 13:2 ukq4 אֶל־אַחַ֥ד מִבָּנָ֖יו 1 Alternate translation: “to one of his sons” to one from his sons 13:2 f6g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אֶל־אַחַ֥ד מִבָּנָ֖יו 1 Here, **his** refers to Aaron the priest. If it would be helpful in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “to one of Aaron’s sons” to one from his sons 13:3 vhk6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשֵׂעָ֨ר בַּנֶּ֜גַע הָפַ֣ךְ ׀ לָבָ֗ן 1 The expression implies that the presence of **hair** on **the infection** that is **white** in color should indicate to the priest that the infection might be the symptom of an infectious skin disease. Specifically, **white** hair refers to hair that is discolored and unhealthy. If your language refers to unhealthy or diseased hair with a specific color, consider using that color here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and if the hair on the infection is unhealthy and looks diseased” and {if} the hair on the infection has turned white 13:3 ra3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּמַרְאֵ֤ה הַנֶּ֨גַע֙ עָמֹק֙ מֵע֣וֹר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and it appears to be deeper than the skin of his flesh” and the appearance of the infection {is} deeper than the skin of his flesh 13:3 r2in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת ה֑וּא 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:2](../13/02.md). it {is} an infection of skin disease 13:4 0xrd וְעָמֹק֙ אֵין־מַרְאֶ֣הָ מִן־הָע֔וֹר 1 Alternate translation: “and its appearance is not deeper than the skin” and deep is not the appearance of it from the skin 13:4 kzg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְעָמֹק֙ אֵין־מַרְאֶ֣הָ מִן־הָע֔וֹר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin” and deep is not the appearance of it from the skin 13:4 uxiv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׂעָרָ֖ה לֹא־הָפַ֣ךְ לָבָ֑ן 1 See how you handled the information in this phrase in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and its hair appears to be healthy” and its hair has not turned white 13:4 5t1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּ֧יר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֖גַע 1 This expression refers to the process of quarantining the person who has the infection for a period of time. This allows the infection to either heal itself or progress in a fashion that develops symptoms more easily identifiable as an infectious skin disease. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then, in order to better determine what is the cause of the infection, the priest shall isolate the infection” then the priest shall separate the infection 13:4 bah5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־הַנֶּ֖גַע 1 Here, the expression **the infection** represents the whole person who has the infection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the infected person” or “the person with the infection” the infection 13:5 a6bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֒ 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the seventh day 13:5 z468 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַנֶּ֨גַע֙ עָמַ֣ד 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to **the infection** remaining as it was before the seven-day quarantine, not having spread or grown on the person’s skin. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If, alternatively, this expression does not have this meaning in your language, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and look, the infection has remained as it was” and look, the infection stands 13:5 03gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּעֵינָ֔יו 1 Here, **eyes** represent the sight of a person and, by extension, their judgment or assessment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his assessment” or “as far as he can see” in his eyes 13:5 z4zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּיר֧וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:4](../13/04.md). Then the priest shall separate him 13:5 mz02 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים שֵׁנִֽית׃ 1 This expression refers to a second seven-day period during which the person with the infection is to be quarantined from other people. The word **second** is the ordinal form of the number two. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for another seven days” for} a second seven days 13:6 faap rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֮ שֵׁנִית֒ 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven, and **second** is the ordinal form of the number two. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the second seventh day 13:6 nznn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִנֵּה֙ כֵּהָ֣ה הַנֶּ֔גַע 1 For the infection to have **faded** means that it has reduced in size and become dimmer in color. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and look, the infection has reduced in size and the color of the infection is closer to the person’s normal skin color” and look, the infection has faded 13:6 wn1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִסְפַּ֣חַת הִ֔יא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **infection** on the person's **skin** is merely a **scab** and not the symptom of an infectious disease. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. See how you translated the word **scab** in [13:2](../13/02.md). Alternate translation: “The infection is only a scab” It {is} a scab 13:6 vsio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכִבֶּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָהֵֽר׃ 1 Here, a person is to wash his or her clothes not to be physically clean but so as to become religiously and ceremonially clean. If your language has a special word that refers to washing clothing for a religious (and not hygienic) purpose, consider using it here. If not, use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he shall clean his clothing with and he will be ritually clean” and he shall wash his clothes and he will be clean 13:7 1w5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאִם־פָּשֹׂ֨ה תִפְשֶׂ֤ה הַמִּסְפַּ֨חַת֙ בָּע֔וֹר 1 This expression repeats the verb **spread** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But if the scab spreads aggressively on the skin” But if, spreading, the scab spreads on the skin 13:7 dy1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחֲרֵ֧י הֵרָאֹת֛וֹ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לְטָהֳרָת֑וֹ 1 This expression refers to a period of time after an individual has gone to the priest and been declared clean, as the previous verse explained. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “after he has appeared to the priest and was pronounced clean” after his appearing to the priest for his being pronounced clean 13:7 sw6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנִרְאָ֥ה שֵׁנִ֖ית אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן 1 This expression means that the individual whose scab has spread after he was pronounced clean should go back to the priest to be examined again. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then he shall go to the priest a second time” then he shall appear to the priest a second {time 13:7 hm39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שֵׁנִ֖ית 1 The word **second** is the ordinal form of the number two. Alternate translation: “again” a second {time 13:8 lsj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרַ֥עַת הִֽוא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **infection** on the person's **skin** is actually a symptom of an infectious **skin disease**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. See how you translated the words **skin disease** in [13:2](../13/02.md). Alternate translation: “The scab is actually the symptom of an infectious skin disease” It {is} a skin disease 13:9 obyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:2](../13/02.md). An infection of skin disease 13:9 3m0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּאָדָ֑ם 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, it is being used the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “on a person” on a man 13:9 f447 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהוּבָ֖א אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then someone shall bring him to the priest” or “then he shall go to the priest” then he shall be brought to the priest 13:10 4wcp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂאֵת 1 See how you translated this word in [13:2](../13/02.md). a & swelling 13:10 ipjz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִ֕יא הָפְכָ֖ה שֵׂעָ֣ר לָבָ֑ן 1 The expression implies that the presence of **hair** on the **swelling** that is **white** in color should indicate to the priest that the swelling might be the symptom of an infectious skin disease. Specifically, **white** hair refers to hair that is discolored and unhealthy. If your language refers to unhealthy or diseased hair with a specific color, consider using that color here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and if the hair on the swelling is unhealthy and looks diseased” and it has turned the hair white 13:10 y3fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּמִֽחְיַ֛ת בָּשָׂ֥ר חַ֖י בַּשְׂאֵֽת׃ 1 Here, the expression **a preservation of living flesh** refers to open sores on the skin or raw skin. In the priest’s estimation, the presence of open sores or raw skin means that the infection is likely a symptom of an infectious skin disease. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and raw skin or an open sore is on the swelling” and a preservation of living flesh {is} on the swelling 13:11 m1pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרַ֨עַת נוֹשֶׁ֤נֶת הִוא֙ 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the raw skin on the person's **skin** is actually a chronic or **reoccurring skin disease**, that is, an infectious disease that returns over and over. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The raw skin on the swelling is actually a sign of a persistent and returning skin disease” It {is} a reoccurring skin disease 13:11 yqc0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּע֣וֹר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:2](../13/02.md). on the skin of his flesh 13:11 yz8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א יַסְגִּרֶ֔נּוּ כִּ֥י טָמֵ֖א הֽוּא׃ 1 This infers that the priest need not isolate the infected person because it is sufficiently clean that they have an infectious skin disease that has made the person unclean. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. See how you translated the idea of separating the infection in [13:4](../13/04.md). Alternate translation: “He need not separate the person, because it is clear that they are unclean” He shall not separate him, because he {is} unclean 13:12 c7er rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאִם־פָּר֨וֹחַ תִּפְרַ֤ח הַצָּרַ֨עַת֙ בָּע֔וֹר 1 This expression repeats the verb **breaking out** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But if the skin disease breaks aggressively out on the skin” But if, breaking out, the skin disease breaks out on the skin 13:12 8uli rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֚ת כָּל־ע֣וֹר הַנֶּ֔גַע 1 Here, the expression **the infection** represents the whole person who has the infection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the skin of the infected person” or “all the skin of the person with the infection” all the skin of the infection 13:12 g4cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism מֵרֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְעַד־רַגְלָ֑יו 1 The expression refers to all of the person by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the entire person” from his head and to his feet 13:12 a6s0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְכָל־מַרְאֵ֖ה עֵינֵ֥י הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ 1 Here, **eyes** represent the sight of a person and, by extension, their judgment or assessment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the whole appearance, as far as the priest can see” or “the whole appearance, as the priest judges” to the whole appearance of the eyes of the priest 13:12 zjqt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכָל־מַרְאֵ֖ה עֵינֵ֥י הַכֹּהֵֽן׃\n 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as far as it appears in the eyes of the priest” to the whole appearance of the eyes of the priest 13:13 3i5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְטִהַ֖ר אֶת־הַנָּ֑גַע 1 Here, the expression **the infection** represents the whole person who has the infection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then he shall pronounce the infected person clean” Then he shall pronounce the infection clean 13:13 ba0s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֻּלּ֛וֹ הָפַ֥ךְ לָבָ֖ן 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest sees **white** skin all over the person's body, then the **skin disease** has been healed by the process of natural desquamation, that is, by the infected skin naturally falling off, leaving white, new skin in its place. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, it may be helpful to clarify it for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “All of the person's infected skin has naturally fallen off, leaving uninfected white skin in its place”\n All of it has turned white 13:14 1h8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּבְי֨וֹם הֵרָא֥וֹת בּ֛וֹ בָּשָׂ֥ר חַ֖י 1 Here, the word **day** is being used to refer to a hypothetical situation. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “But whenever living flesh appears on him” And on the day of the appearing of living flesh on him 13:14 02cs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּשָׂ֥ר חַ֖י 1 As in [13:10](../13/10.md), Here, the expression **living flesh** refers to open sores on the skin or raw skin. In the priest’s estimation, the presence of open sores or raw skin means that the infection is likely a symptom of an infectious skin disease. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “raw skin” living flesh 13:15 uk5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֥ר הַחַ֖י & הַבָּשָׂ֥ר הַחַ֛י 1 See how you translated these words in [13:10](../13/10.md). the living flesh, & The living flesh 13:15 kj82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְטִמְּא֑וֹ 1 Here, **him** refers to the person with the skin disease. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and he shall pronounce the person with the living flesh unclean” and he shall pronounce him unclean 13:15 50li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַבָּשָׂ֥ר הַחַ֛י טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא 1 Here, the expression **the living flesh** represents the whole person who has raw skin or an open sore. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: ”The person with the raw skin or open sore is unclean” The living flesh, it {is} unclean 13:15 c219 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צָרַ֥עַת הֽוּא׃ 1 See how you translated this skin condition in [13:2](../13/03.md). It {is} a skin disease 13:15 bjww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרַ֥עַת הֽוּא׃ 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the raw skin on the person's **living flesh** is actually infected with a **skin disease**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The living flesh on the skin is actually a sign of an infectious skin disease” It {is} a skin disease 13:16 6vbo וְנֶהְפַּ֣ךְ לְלָבָ֑ן 1 Alternate translation: “but it has turned white” and it is turned to white 13:16 nwg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנֶהְפַּ֣ךְ לְלָבָ֑ן 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest sees **white** skin all over the person's body, then the **living flesh**, that is, the raw skin, may be healing naturally. The infected skin may be falling off naturally, leaving white, new skin in its place. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, it may be helpful to clarify it for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. See how you handled the presence of **white** skin in [13:13](../13/13.md). and it is turned to white 13:17 mzlk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִנֵּ֛ה נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ הַנֶּ֖גַע לְלָבָ֑ן 1 See how you handled the presence of **white** skin on the **infection** in [13:13](../13/13.md). and look, the infection has been turned to white 13:18 54a7 וּבָשָׂ֕ר כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה בֽוֹ־בְעֹר֖וֹ שְׁחִ֑ין 1 Alternate translation: “But when someone has a boil on their skin” But flesh, when it has on it, on his skin, a boil 13:18 kw5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׁחִ֑ין 1 A **boil** is a painful, swollen area on the skin that is infected. In some instances, it can be the symptom of an infectious skin disease. If your language has a word for this kind of skin condition, consider using it here. If not, use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “an abscess” a boil 13:18 9fao rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִרְפָּֽא׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but it got better and healed” and it has been healed 13:19 l1vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׂאֵ֣ת 1 See how you translated this word in [13:2](../13/02.md). a & swelling 13:19 qgn2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בִּמְק֤וֹם הַשְּׁחִין֙ 1 The expression **the place of the boil** refers to the spot on the skin where the boil was previously. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “where the boil was previously” in the place of the boil 13:19 gc9j וְנִרְאָ֖ה אֶל־ הַכֹּהֵֽן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then he shall show it to the priest” or “then he shall go to the priest” then he shall appear to the priest 13:20 b1gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְהִנֵּ֤ה מַרְאֶ֨הָ֙ שָׁפָ֣ל מִן־הָע֔וֹר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and look, it appears to be deeper than the skin” and look, the appearance {is} deeper than the skin 13:20 cvbr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׂעָרָ֖הּ הָפַ֣ךְ לָבָ֑ן 1 See how you handled the presence of **white** hair in [13:3](../13/03.md). Alternate translation: “and if the hair on the swelling or the bright spot is unhealthy and looks diseased” and its hair has turned white 13:20 lsou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶֽגַע־צָרַ֥עַת הִ֖וא בַּשְּׁחִ֥ין פָּרָֽחָה׃ 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the swelling or bright spot on the person's skin is actually a symptom of an infectious **skin disease**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The swelling or bright spot is actually the symptom of an infection of skin disease” It {is} an infection of skin disease; it has broken out in the boil 13:21 k5ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאִ֣ם ׀ יִרְאֶ֣נָּה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן 1 Here, **it** refers to the white swelling or bright spot on the skin. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And if the priest sees the bright spot or the swelling” And if the priest sees it 13:21 ga2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵֽין־בָּהּ֙ שֵׂעָ֣ר לָבָ֔ן 1 See how you handled the presence of **white hair** in [13:3](../13/03/md). Alternate translation: “and look, there is no unhealthy or diseased hair on it” and look, there is no white hair on it 13:21 opf5 וּשְׁפָלָ֥ה אֵינֶ֛נָּה מִן־הָע֖וֹר 1 Alternate translation: “and it is not deeper than the surface of the skin” and lower it is not than the skin 13:21 vdwm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:4](../13/04.md). then the priest shall separate him 13:22 qh4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאִם־פָּשֹׂ֥ה תִפְשֶׂ֖ה בָּע֑וֹר 1 This expression repeats the verb **spread** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But if it spreads aggressively on the skin” But if, spreading, it spreads on the skin 13:22 gdnt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֥גַע הִֽוא׃ 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the swelling or bright spot on the person's **skin** where the boil once was is actually an **infection** of a skin disease. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The swelling or bright spot where the boil used to be is actually an infection” It {is} an infection 13:23 3wj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּ֜יהָ תַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַבַּהֶ֨רֶת֙ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the **bright spot** remaining unchanged in the place on the person’s skin where the **boil** once was. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If, alternatively, the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if the bright spot remains unchanged in the place where the boil once was” But if the bright spot stands under it 13:23 abla rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּ֜יהָ תַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַבַּהֶ֨רֶת֙ 1 Here, **it** refers to the **boil** that has healed, as described in [13:18](../13/18.md). If this would not be clear to your readers, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “But if the bright spot stands under the boil that has now healed” But if the bright spot stands under it 13:23 8vuq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרֶ֥בֶת הַשְּׁחִ֖ין הִ֑וא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **bright spot** is nothing more than a **scar** that has resulted from the healed **boil**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “it is only a scar that has resulted from the healed boil” it {is} the scar of the boil 13:24 vkmw א֣וֹ בָשָׂ֔ר כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְעֹר֖וֹ מִכְוַת־אֵ֑שׁ 1 Alternate translation: “Or when someone has a burn of fire on his skin” Or flesh, when it has a burn of fire on his skin 13:24 ikha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִכְוַת־ אֵ֑שׁ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe a **burn** that has resulted from a person’s contact with **fire**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a burn” a burn of fire 13:24 w8u3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִֽחְיַ֣ת הַמִּכְוָ֗ה 1 The word **preservation** refers to new, raw flesh growing where the **burn** is on the person’s skin. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the raw skin from the burn” the preservation of the burn 13:25 z79b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִנֵּ֣ה נֶהְפַּךְ֩ שֵׂעָ֨ר לָבָ֜ן 1 See how you handled the presence of **white** hair in [13:3](../13/03.md). Alternate translation: “and look, the hair appears to be unhealthy and diseased” and look, the hair has been turned white 13:25 gi69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּמַרְאֶ֨הָ֙ עָמֹ֣ק מִן־הָע֔וֹר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and it appears to be deeper than the skin” and the appearance of it {is} deeper than the skin 13:25 nx6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרַ֣עַת הִ֔וא & צָרַ֖עַת 1 See how you translated these words in [13:3](../13/03.md). it {is} a skin disease. & skin disease 13:25 lnka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרַ֣עַת הִ֔וא & נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת הִֽוא 1 These expressions refer to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the raw skin has become infected with a **skin disease**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The discolored raw skin is actually an infection that is the symptom of an infectious skin disease” it {is} a skin disease. & It {is} an infection of skin disease 13:26 a2pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאִ֣ם ׀ יִרְאֶ֣נָּה הַכֹּהֵ֗ן 1 Here, **it** refers to the raw skin that grows on the burn on the person’s skin. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “But if the priest sees the discolored, raw skin growing on the burn” But if the priest sees it 13:26 mdm4 וּשְׁפָלָ֥ה אֵינֶ֛נָּה מִן־הָע֖וֹר 1 Alternate translation: “and it is not deeper than the skin” and deeper it is not than the skin 13:26 bg0x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִ֣וא כֵהָ֑ה 1 For the discoloration to have **faded** means that it has reduced in sized and become dimmer in color. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but it has reduced in size and its color is closer to the person’s normal skin color” but it {is} faded 13:26 n5cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּיר֥וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:4](../13/04.md). then the priest shall separate him 13:27 a02c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the seventh day 13:27 t3tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אִם־פָּשֹׂ֤ה תִפְשֶׂה֙ בָּע֔וֹר 1 This expression repeats the verb **spread** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “If it has spread aggressively on the skin” If, spreading, it has spread on the skin 13:27 wwo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת הִֽוא׃ 1 These expressions refer to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the bright spot on the burn has become infected with an **infection of skin disease**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The bright spot on the burn is actually an infection that is the symptom of an infection of skin disease” It {is} an infection of skin disease 13:28 vib3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּיהָ֩ תַעֲמֹ֨ד הַבַּהֶ֜רֶת 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the **bright spot** remaining unchanged in the place on the person’s skin where the burn once was. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If, alternatively, the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But if the bright spot remains unchanged in the spot where the burn once was” But if the bright spot stands under it 13:28 wtc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִ֣וא כֵהָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:6](../13/06.md). but it {is} faded 13:28 hzkc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׂאֵ֥ת הַמִּכְוָ֖ה הִ֑וא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the discolored skin is merely a **swelling** caused by the person’s **burn**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “the bright spot is merely a swelling caused by the burn” it {is} the swelling of the burn 13:28 bea0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־צָרֶ֥בֶת הַמִּכְוָ֖ה הִֽוא 1 The word translated as **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “The priest should pronounce the person clean because it is the scar of the burn” because it {is} the scar of the burn 13:28 rj0s צָרֶ֥בֶת הַמִּכְוָ֖ה הִֽוא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the discolored skin is merely a **scar** caused by the person’s burn. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “the bright spot is merely a scar caused by the burn” it {is} the scar of the burn 13:29 6biq וְאִישׁ֙ א֣וֹ אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ נָ֑גַע 1 Alternate translation: “And when a man or a woman has an infection” And a man or a woman, when he has an infection on him 13:29 yv33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ נָ֑גַע 1 Although the words **he** and **him** are masculine, they are being used in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “when any person has an infection on him” when he has an infection on him 13:29 ir1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy א֥וֹ בְזָקָֽן׃ 1 Here, **a beard** represents the lower portion of the face where hair typically grows. Since the verse explicitly includes men and women, this word should not be limited to refer only to men's faces. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or on the lower part of the face where hair might grow” or in a beard 13:30 ok73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְהִנֵּ֤ה מַרְאֵ֨הוּ֙ עָמֹ֣ק מִן־הָע֔וֹר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “And look, it appears to be deeper than the skin of his flesh” And look, the appearance of it {is} deeper than the skin 13:30 bvzx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּב֛וֹ שֵׂעָ֥ר צָהֹ֖ב דָּ֑ק 1 This expression implies that the presence of hair on the infection that is **yellow** in color and **thin** should indicate to the priest that the infection might be a **scall** that is the symptom of an infectious **skin disease**. Specifically, **yellow, thing hair** refers to hair that is discolored, diseased, or unhealthy. If your language refers to unhealthy or diseased hair with a specific color, consider using that color here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and the hair on the infection looks unhealthy and diseased” and on it {is} yellow, thin hair 13:30 im3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נֶ֣תֶק ה֔וּא 1 A **scall** is a scaly and scabby infection that is typically itchy. These are associated with the scalp or places that grow hair and are generally symptoms of a wide variety of infectious skin diseases. If your language has a word for this kind of skin condition, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “It is an itchy, scabbed infection” It {is} a scall 13:30 p76b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣תֶק ה֔וּא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **infection** on the person's **skin** is actually a **scall** that is the symptom of a **disease**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The infection is actually a scall”\n\n It {is} a scall 13:30 6x85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession צָרַ֧עַת הָרֹ֛אשׁ א֥וֹ הַזָּקָ֖ן הֽוּא׃ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe a **skin disease** that is characterized by its location on the person’s **head** or **beard.** If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “It is a skin disease that has affected the head or the beard” It {is} a skin disease of the head or the beard 13:30 jm2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַזָּקָ֖ן 1 As in the previous verse, here, **the beard** represents the lower portion of the face where hair typically grows. Since the verse explicitly includes men and women, this word should not be limited to men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the lower part of the face where hair might grow” the beard 13:31 6koz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־נֶ֣גַע הַנֶּ֗תֶק & אֶת־נֶ֥גַע הַנֶּ֖תֶק 1 These expressions use the possessive form to describe an **infection** that is characterized by its characteristics that qualify it as a **scall** If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the itchy, scabby infection … the itchy, scabby infection” the infection of the scall, & the infection of the scall 13:31 f88x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֵין־מַרְאֵ֨הוּ֙ עָמֹ֣ק מִן־הָע֔וֹר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and look, it does not appear to be deeper than the skin” and look, the appearance of it is not deeper than the skin 13:31 pdhc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשֵׂעָ֥ר שָׁחֹ֖ר אֵ֣ין בּ֑וֹ 1 Here, **black hair** refers to healthy hair, as opposed to the yellow, thin hair that grows out of the **scall** when it is the symptom of an infectious skin disease. If your language refers to healthy hair with a specific color, consider using that color here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and there is no healthy hair on it” and there is no black hair on it 13:31 m1rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּ֧יר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־נֶ֥גַע הַנֶּ֖תֶק 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:4](../13/04.md). Then the priest shall separate the infection of the scall 13:31 n0ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־נֶ֥גַע הַנֶּ֖תֶק 1 Here, the expression **the infection of the scall** represents the person who has the infection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the person who has the infection of the scall” the infection of the scall 13:32 wx17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֒ 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the seventh day 13:32 wurx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ב֖וֹ שֵׂעָ֣ר צָהֹ֑ב 1 See how you handled the presence of **yellow hair** in [13:30](../13/30.md). and yellow hair is not on it 13:32 jvwk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַנֶּ֔תֶק אֵ֥ין עָמֹ֖ק מִן־הָעֽוֹר׃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin” and the appearance of the scall is not deeper than the skin 13:33 r628 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִ֨תְגַּלָּ֔ח 1 Here, **he** and **himself** refer to the person who has the **scall**. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Then the person with the scall shall shave himself” Then he shall shave himself 13:33 li6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַנֶּ֖תֶק לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חַ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but he shall not shave the scall” but the scall shall not be shaved 13:33 srm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּ֨יר הַכֹּהֵ֧ן אֶת־הַנֶּ֛תֶק 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:4](../13/04.md). And the priest shall separate the scall 13:33 r7u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־הַנֶּ֛תֶק 1 Here, **the scall** represents the person who has the infection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the person who has the scall” the scall 13:33 hon1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים שֵׁנִֽית׃ 1 The word **second** is the ordinal form of the number two. Alternate translation: “for seven days once again” for} a second seven days 13:34 zs1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the seventh day 13:34 ecis rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּמַרְאֵ֕הוּ אֵינֶ֥נּוּ עָמֹ֖ק מִן־הָע֑וֹר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin” and the appearance of it is not deeper than the skin 13:34 1r0b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכִבֶּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, a person was to wash his or her clothes not to be physically clean but so as to become religiously and ceremonially clean. If your language has a special word that refers to washing clothing for a religious (and not hygienic) purpose, consider using it here. If not, use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and he shall clean his clothing” And he shall wash his clothes 13:35 ewms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאִם־פָּשֹׂ֥ה יִפְשֶׂ֛ה הַנֶּ֖תֶק בָּע֑וֹר 1 This expression repeats the verb **spread** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But if the scall has spread aggressively on the skin” But if, spreading, the scall has spread on the skin 13:35 f92l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אַחֲרֵ֖י טָהֳרָתֽוֹ׃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **cleansing**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “after he was pronounced clean” after his cleansing 13:36 isgo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־יְבַקֵּ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן לַשֵּׂעָ֥ר הַצָּהֹ֖ב 1 See how you handled the presence of **yellow hair** in [13:30](../13/30.md). The priest shall not seek for yellow hair 13:36 zvoi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־יְבַקֵּ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן לַשֵּׂעָ֥ר הַצָּהֹ֖ב טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃ 1 This instruction refers to the fact that if the priest sees the **scall** spreading aggressively after the person was pronounced clean, they need not have **yellow hair** in order to be pronounced unclean once more. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “The priest need not look for yellow hair. Because the scall has spread once again, the person is unclean” The priest shall not seek for yellow hair; he {is} unclean 13:37 a5fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּעֵינָיו֩ 1 Here, **eyes** represent the sight of a person and, by extension, their judgment or assessment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this expression in [13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “in his assessment” or “as far as he can see” in his eyes 13:37 bpkw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עָמַ֨ד הַנֶּ֜תֶק 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the **scall** remaining unchanged (as opposed to spreading aggressively). If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If, alternatively, the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the scall has not changed or spread at all” or “the scall has remained as it was” the scall stands 13:37 oh8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְשֵׂעָ֨ר שָׁחֹ֧ר צָֽמַח־בּ֛וֹ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the growth of **black hair** on the **scall**. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If, alternatively, the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and black hair has grown on it” and black hair has sprouted on it 13:37 4e3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשֵׂעָ֨ר שָׁחֹ֧ר 1 Here, **black hair** refers to healthy hair, as opposed to the yellow, thin hair that grows out of the **scall** when it is the symptom of an infectious skin disease. If your language refers to healthy hair with a specific color, consider using that color here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and healthy hair” and black hair 13:37 p95b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִרְפָּ֥א הַנֶּ֖תֶק 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the scall is no longer infected but has gotten better” the scall has been healed 13:38 ig4x וְאִישׁ֙ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרָ֖ם בֶּהָרֹ֑ת 1 Alternate translation: “And when a man or a woman has a bright spot on the skin of his or her body” And a man or a woman, when he has on the skin of their flesh bright spots 13:38 b9sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בֶּהָרֹ֑ת בֶּהָרֹ֖ת 1 See how you translated these words in [13:2](../13/02.md). bright spots, & bright spots 13:39 c13i כֵּה֣וֹת לְבָנֹ֑ת 1 Alternate translation: “are a faded white” are} dull white 13:39 v8r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֹּ֥הַק ה֛וּא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **bright spots** are a rash that has **broken out** on the person’s skin. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “the bright spots are actually symptoms of a benign rash” it {is} a rash 13:40 opks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִּ֥י יִמָּרֵ֖ט רֹאשׁ֑וֹ 1 This expression is an idiom. It does not refer to shaving one’s head intentionally but to the natural process of male balding, specifically of balding on the back of one’s head (that is, on the crown of the head). If your language has a similar expression that refers generally to balding, consider using it here. If, alternatively, the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he becomes bald naturally” when his head is made bare 13:40 ucyg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קֵרֵ֥חַ ה֖וּא 1 Here, the expression **he is bald** refers to a person who has naturally lost hair on the top, or crown, of their head. If your language has an expression that describes this kind of natural balding, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate expression: “he is crown balding” he {is} bald 13:41 n4l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִמָּרֵ֖ט רֹאשׁ֑וֹ 1 As in the previous verse, this expression is an idiom. It does not refer to shaving one’s head intentionally but to the natural process of male balding, specifically of balding on the front of one’s head (that is, on the hairline). If your language has a similar expression that refers generally to balding, consider using it here. If, alternatively, the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he becomes bald naturally” his head is made bare 13:41 c1wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִפְּאַ֣ת פָּנָ֔יו 1 The expression **the corners of his face** is an idiom that refers to one’s hairline on the front of their face. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If, alternatively, the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the hairline of his forehead” from the corners of his face 13:41 o8rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גִּבֵּ֥חַ ה֖וּא 1 Here, the expression **he is balding** refers to a person who has naturally lost hair on the hairline or edges of the forehead. If your language has an expression that describes this kind of natural balding, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate expression: “he has a receding hairline” he {is} balding 13:42 23n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַקָּרַ֨חַת֙ א֣וֹ בַגַּבַּ֔חַת & בְּקָרַחְתּ֖וֹ א֥וֹ בְגַבַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ 1 These expressions refer to the two kinds of balding described in [13:40–41](../13/40.md). Specifically, **the back bald spot** refers to crown balding and **the front balding spot** refers to having a receding hairline. As before, If your language has similar expressions that refer to these ways of balding, consider using them here. If, alternatively, the meaning of these expressions would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the bald spot on the crown of his head or on his receding hairline … on the bald spot on the crown of his head or on his receding hairline” on the {back} bald spot or on the {front} balding spot & on his {back} bald spot or on his {front} balding spot 13:42 vwu4 צָרַ֤עַת 1 See how you translated these words in [13:3](../13/03.md). is} a skin disease 13:43 8kk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה צָרַ֖עַת ע֥וֹר בָּשָֽׂר׃ 1 This expression suggests that the priest ought to look for an infection on the person’s balding head (however they are balding) that is similar in appearance to infections that are symptoms of infectious skin diseases that might occur elsewhere on a person’s body. It may be helpful to clarify the meaning for your readers. Alternate translation: “like the appearance of a skin disease that presents itself elsewhere on a person’s body” like the appearance of the skin disease of the skin of the flesh 13:43 pq09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה צָרַ֖עַת ע֥וֹר בָּשָֽׂר׃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “like the skin disease of the skin of the flesh appears” like the appearance of the skin disease of the skin of the flesh 13:44 hl37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִישׁ־ צָר֥וּעַ ה֖וּא 1 The expression **man of skin disease** uses the possessive form to describe a man who has contracted this kind of infectious skin disease. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “The man has contracted a skin disease” He {is} a man of skin disease 13:44 1nuy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication טַמֵּ֧א יְטַמְּאֶ֛נּוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 This expression repeats the verb **being unclean** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “The priest shall certainly pronounce him unclean” Being unclean, the priest shall pronounce him unclean 13:44 5opp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּרֹאשׁ֥וֹ נִגְעֽוֹ׃ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the person’s **head** that has contracted the **infection**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “on his infected head” on his head of his infection 13:45 w6dp וְהַצָּר֜וּעַ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֣וֹ הַנֶּ֗גַע בְּגָדָ֞יו 1 Alternate translation: “But the person who has a skin disease and the infection is on his clothes” But the person with a skin disease, who {has} on him the infection, on his clothes 13:45 69s0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִהְי֤וּ פְרֻמִים֙ 1 Here, **they** refers to the person’s infected clothing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the person’s infected clothes shall be torn” they shall be torn 13:45 io37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִהְי֤וּ פְרֻמִים֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he shall tear up the infected clothes” they shall be torn 13:45 bmwv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְרֹאשׁוֹ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה פָר֔וּעַ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he shall let his head be unbound” and his head shall be unbound 13:45 m9a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְרֹאשׁוֹ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה פָר֔וּעַ 1 Here, **head** represents the hair of one’s head. Consequently, the expression **his head shall be unbound** refers to letting one’s long hair hang down loose and untied. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and his long hair shall hang down loose and untied” and his head shall be unbound 13:45 3rtk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְעַל־שָׂפָ֖ם יַעְטֶ֑ה 1 Covering over one’s **mustache** is a symbolic action to show one’s public shame. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “and he shall cover his mustache in order to express his shame” and he shall cover over the mustache 13:45 8q76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שָׂפָ֖ם 1 Here, **the mustache** does not refer to a specific mustache but to the infected person’s facial hair. In this way, it represents the upper lip generally. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “his mustache” or “his upper lip” the mustache 13:46 82vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּל־יְמֵ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַנֶּ֥גַע בּ֛וֹ 1 This expression uses the word **days** to denote a period of time. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “As long as he has the infection” All the days that the infection {is} on him 13:46 zw43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה 1 The **camp** is the area where the majority of Israelites lived. It represents the normal living space for the Israelites while they wandered in the desert. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “shall be away from the location where everyone else lives” shall be} outside the camp 13:47 yjv7 וְהַבֶּ֕גֶד כִּֽי־ יִהְיֶ֥ה ב֖וֹ נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת 1 Alternate translation: “But when the clothing has the infection of disease on it” But the clothing, when it has on it the infection of disease 13:47 1c2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַבֶּ֕גֶד 1 The expression **the clothing** refers to all clothing in general, not one piece of clothing in particular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “But any piece of clothing” But the clothing 13:47 llaj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת 1 Although this expression is the same as the one used previously for infections that are symptoms of infectious skin diseases, here the issue is with infections that affect clothing and other household objects. Consequently, this expression likely refers to infectious molds or mildews. If your language has an expression that can describe both skin diseases and these kinds of molds and mildews, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “an infectious mold or mildew” the infection of disease 13:47 ifwg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּבֶ֣גֶד צֶ֔מֶר 1 This **wool** is the shorn hair of sheep, goats, or other similar animals. It is used in the production of textiles, like yarn. If your language has a word for this kind of material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “on clothing of yarn thread” on clothing of wool 13:47 k0l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בְּבֶ֥גֶד פִּשְׁתִּֽים׃ 1 This **linen** is a textile material made from flax. If your language has a word for this kind of material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “on clothing of cloth thread” on clothing of linen 13:48 7oc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown א֤וֹ בִֽשְׁתִי֙ א֣וֹ בְעֵ֔רֶב לַפִּשְׁתִּ֖ים וְלַצָּ֑מֶר 1 The words **warp** and **woof** refer to a structure used in weaving and the production of textiles. Specifically, **warp** refers to the threads that run vertically up and down, and **woof** (or weft) refers to the threads that run horizontally from side to side. If your language has an expression for this kind of weaving structure, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “or on linen or woolen threats that are being woven together on a loom” or in the warp or in the woof of the linen or of the wool 13:48 umbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לַפִּשְׁתִּ֖ים 1 See how you translated this textile material in the previous verse. of the linen 13:48 8cf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַפִּשְׁתִּ֖ים 1 Here, **the linen** does not refer to a specific piece of fabric, but to any linen product generally. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “of any linen that you are weaving” of the linen 13:48 9bjm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלַצָּ֑מֶר 1 See how you translated this textile material in the previous verse. or of the wool 13:48 1jrn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְלַצָּ֑מֶר 1 Here, **the wool** does not refer to a specific piece of wool, but to any woolen product generally. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “of any wool that you are weaving” or of the wool 13:48 7gv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְע֔וֹר 1 Here, **leather** refers generally to any scrap pieces of animal hide that have not yet been made into a household object or article of clothing. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on any scrap leather” on leather 13:48 ww38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּכָל־ מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֽוֹר 1 The expression **any work of leather** uses the possessive form to describe an object that has been made out of **leather**. This includes a large variety of items, such as belts, bags, saddles, straps, etc. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “on anything that has been made of leather” or “on any leatherwork” on any work of leather 13:49 jj1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַשְּׁתִ֤י אוֹ־בָעֵ֨רֶב֙ 1 See how you translated these words in the previous verse. in the warp or in the woof 13:49 xozo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּלִי־ ע֔וֹר 1 The expression **equipment of leather** refers to the same leatherwork that the previous verse called “any work of leather.” If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “equipment that has been made of leather” or “leatherwork” equipment of leather 13:49 pl1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֥גַע צָרַ֖עַת ה֑וּא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **infection** on the material is actually an infectious and diseased mold or mildew. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The infection on the material is actually a sign of an infection of skin disease”\n it {is} an infection of disease 13:49 xcr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהָרְאָ֖ה אֶת־הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the owner of the fabric must show it to the priest” And the priest shall be made to see {it 13:50 ijov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּ֥יר אֶת־הַנֶּ֖גַע 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:4](../13/04.md). and he shall separate the infection 13:50 7sq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־הַנֶּ֖גַע 1 Here, the expression **the infection** represents the whole article of clothing, thread of fabric, or leatherwork that has mold or mildew on it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the infected item” or “the item with the infection on it” the infection 13:51 b5hr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the seventh day 13:51 8z6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַשְּׁתִ֤י אֽוֹ־בָעֵ֨רֶב֙ 1 See how you translated these words in [13:48](../13/48.md). in the warp or in the woof 13:51 n4xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה הָע֖וֹר לִמְלָאכָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of anything that someone made from leather” of any equipment into which the leather was made 13:51 cmgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרַ֧עַת מַמְאֶ֛רֶת הַנֶּ֖גַע 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **infection** (that is, the mold or mildew) is actually a sign of an infectious and potentially deadly disease. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “the infection is actually a sign that the item has an infectious and potentially deadly disease on it” the infection {is} a malignant disease 13:52 3fdf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׂרַ֨ף אֶת־הַבֶּ֜גֶד 1 Here, **he** refers to the individual who owns whatever item has become infected with the mold or mildew. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And whoever owns the clothing shall burn it” And he shall burn the clothing 13:52 oaev rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶֽת־הַשְּׁתִ֣י ׀ א֣וֹ אֶת־הָעֵ֗רֶב 1 See how you translated these words in [13:48](../13/48.md). the warp or the woof 13:52 1i4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־כָּל־כְּלִ֣י הָע֔וֹר 1 See how you translated these words in [13:49](../13/49.md). any equipment of leather 13:52 wttq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־ צָרַ֤עַת מַמְאֶ֨רֶת֙ הִ֔וא 1 The word translated as **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “The owner of the item should burn it because the infection is a malignant disease” because it {is} a malignant disease 13:52 r25j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He shall burn the item with fire” It shall be burned with fire 13:52 vvpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 This expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. See how you handled the similar expression in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “It shall be completely burned” It shall be burned with fire 13:53 j5u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַשְּׁתִ֖י א֣וֹ בָעֵ֑רֶב 1 See how you translated these words in [13:48](../13/48.md). in the warp or in the woof 13:53 txf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּכָל־כְּלִי־עֽוֹר׃ 1 See how you translated these words in [13:49](../13/49.md). on any equipment of leather 13:54 zq9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 This expression leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Here, the **priest** is telling the people what to do with household items that were infected with mold or mildew. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “then the priest shall tell the people what to do” then the priest shall command 13:54 k1tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְכִ֨בְּס֔וּ 1 Here, **they** refers to whoever owns the item. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and whoever owns the item shall wash” and they shall wash 13:54 hcm6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ הַנָּ֑גַע 1 This expression is a condensed way of referring to all the diverse pieces of clothing, fabric, or leatherwork that were described in the previous verse. If the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “whatever item has the mold or mildew on it” that which the infection {was} on it 13:54 48lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּיר֥וֹ 1 See how you translated this expression in [13:4](../13/04.md). And he shall separate it 13:54 3n2o rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שִׁבְעַת־ יָמִ֖ים שֵׁנִֽית׃ 1 The word **second** is the ordinal form of the number two. Alternate translation: “for seven days once again” for} a second seven days 13:55 wsk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס אֶת־הַנֶּ֗גַע 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the item’s owner has washed the infection” after the infection has been washed 13:55 q6dh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֠הִנֵּה לֹֽא־הָפַ֨ךְ הַנֶּ֤גַע אֶת־עֵינוֹ֙ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to the appearance of the infection changing. In other words, for an **infection** to have **turned its eye** is for that infection to have changed its appearance, likely by spreading or changing colors. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and look, the infection appears to be unchanged” and look, the infection has not turned its eye 13:55 v5wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֑נּוּ 1 Here, **you** is singular. It refers to the owner of the infected item, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. You shall burn it with fire 13:55 gd8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֑נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If the sudden switch to the second person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third person in your translation. Alternate translation: “The owner of the item should burn it with fire” You shall burn it with fire 13:55 924b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֑נּוּ 1 This expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. See how you handled the similar expression in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “You shall burn it completely” You shall burn it with fire 13:55 ykjw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פְּחֶ֣תֶת הִ֔וא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **infection** is actually a **rot**, that is, an infectious and decaying mold or mildew. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “The infection is actually a sign of an infectious and decaying mold or mildew” It {is} a rot 13:55 3tz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּקָרַחְתּ֖וֹ א֥וֹ בְגַבַּחְתּֽוֹ׃ 1 These expressions refer to the front or backside of a piece of fabric using the same terms that described male-pattern balding in [13:40–41](../13/40.md). If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “on the front or back of it” on its {front} bare side or on its {back} bare side 13:56 j9p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִנֵּה֙ כֵּהָ֣ה הַנֶּ֔גַע 1 For the **infection** to have **faded** means that it has reduced in size and become dimmer in color. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and look, the infection has reduced in size and the color of the infection is closer to the item's normal color” and look, the infection has faded 13:56 h4my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אַחֲרֵ֖י הֻכַּבֵּ֣ס אֹת֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the owner of the item washed it” after it was washed 13:56 hktj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְקָרַ֣ע אֹת֗וֹ 1 Here, **it** refers to the portion of the item that has the infectious mold or mildew on it. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “then he shall tear the infected portion of the item” then he shall tear it 13:56 qdmp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָע֔וֹר א֥וֹ מִן־הַשְּׁתִ֖י 1 See how you translated these words in [13:48](../13/48.md). the leather or from the warp 13:57 6jqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַשְּׁתִ֤י אֽוֹ־בָעֵ֨רֶב֙ 1 See how you translated these words in [13:48](../13/48.md). in the warp or in the woof 13:57 vtks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְכָל־כְּלִי־ע֔וֹר 1 See how you translated these words in [13:49](../13/49.md). on any equipment of leather 13:57 kmmz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פֹּרַ֖חַת הִ֑וא 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes the mold or mildew returning and continuing to spread even after the portion of the item that previously had the infectious mold or mildew was removed, then the mold has broken out over the entire item. This means that the item cannot be made clean but must be burned. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “it is a sign that the infectious mold or mildew has broken out over the entire item such that it cannot be washed and made clean” it is breaking out 13:57 t251 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֔נּוּ 1 Here, **you** is singular. It refers to the owner of the infected item, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. You shall burn it with fire 13:57 fsbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֔נּוּ 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If the sudden switch to the second person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third person in your translation. Alternate translation: “The owner should burn it with fire” You shall burn it with fire 13:57 mno6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּשְׂרְפֶ֔נּוּ 1 This expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. See how you handled the similar expression in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “You shall completely burn it” You shall burn it with fire 13:57 chro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ הַנָּֽגַע׃ 1 This expression is a condensed way of referring to all the diverse pieces of clothing, fabric, or leatherwork that were described in the previous verse. If the meaning of this expression would not be clear to your readers, consider stating it plainly. Alternate translation: “whatever item has the mold or mildew on it” that which {has} the infection on it 13:58 0zfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֽוֹ־הַשְּׁתִ֨י אוֹ־הָעֵ֜רֶב 1 See how you translated these words in [13:48](../13/48.md). or the warp or the woof 13:58 m3cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֽוֹ־כָל־כְּלִ֤י הָעוֹר֙ 1 See how you translated these words in [13:49](../13/49.md). or any equipment of leather 13:58 fpzu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּכַבֵּ֔ס 1 Here, **you** is singular. It refers to the owner of the infected item, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. that you washed 13:58 u6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּכַבֵּ֔ס 1 As the General Introduction to this chapter discusses, here the author of Leviticus switches to a second-person address. If the sudden switch to the second person would be confusing in your language, consider continuing to use the third person in your translation. Alternate translation: “that the owner of the item has washed” that you washed 13:58 bc84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְסָ֥ר מֵהֶ֖ם הַנָּ֑גַע 1 This expression is an idiom. For the **infection** to have **turned aside** from the item means for it to have been removed through the process of washing. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and the infection was successfully removed from them” and the infection turned aside from them 13:58 kxv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכֻבַּ֥ס 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the owner shall wash it” it shall be washed 13:58 unl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal שֵׁנִ֖ית 1 The word **second** is the ordinal form of the number two. Alternate translation: “again” a second {time 13:59 6stm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֹ֠את תּוֹרַ֨ת נֶֽגַע־ צָרַ֜עַת 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the **instruction** that is characterized by its referring to the **infection of disease** that might occur in a variety of textiles and materials. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that has to do with the infection of disease” or “This is the instruction that pertains to the infection of disease” This {is} the instruction of the infection of disease of 13:59 39fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֶֽגַע־צָרַ֜עַת בֶּ֥גֶד הַצֶּ֣מֶר ׀ א֣וֹ הַפִּשְׁתִּ֗ים א֤וֹ הַשְּׁתִי֙ א֣וֹ הָעֵ֔רֶב א֖וֹ כָּל־כְּלִי־ע֑וֹר 1 This expression uses a prolonged possessive form to describe an **infection** that is actually the symptom of an infectious **disease** that can occur on a variety of textiles and household materials. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “an infection that is the symptom of an infectious disease that might occur on clothing of wool or linen or on the warp or woof or on any equipment of leather” the infection of disease of clothing of wool or linen or warp or woof or any equipment of leather 13:59 xtkh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown א֤וֹ הַשְּׁתִי֙ א֣וֹ הָעֵ֔רֶב 1 See how you translated these words in [13:48](../13/48.md). or warp or woof 13:59 zylr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit א֖וֹ כָּל־ כְּלִי־ ע֑וֹר 1 See how you translated these words in [13:49](../13/49.md). or any equipment of leather 13:59 llt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְטַהֲר֖וֹ א֥וֹ לְטַמְּאֽוֹ 1 Here, **to** marks pronouncing the item to be clean or unclean as the goal or purpose of **the instruction**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to pronounce it clean or to pronounce it unclean 14:intro u79h 0 # Leviticus 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Skin disease and mildew\n\nThis chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This was also true for the things which could have touched a person’s skin. This chapter explains how the priest was to treat the person suffering with a skin disease. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) 14:1 plba rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵּאמֹֽר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 14:2 5sbt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹרַ֣ת הַמְּצֹרָ֔ע 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the **instruction** that is characterized by its referring to the process of **cleansing** for any **person with a skin disease** who has been pronounced clean by the priest. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that has to do with the person who previously had a skin disease” or “This is the instruction that pertains to the person who previously had a skin disease” the instruction of the person with a skin disease 14:2 xvvl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמְּצֹרָ֔ע 1 This expression refers to any person who has had a **skin disease** that was described in the previous chapter but has now been pronounced clean. The following instructions pertain to the sacrifices that such an individual requires in order to receive atonement and be cleansed from the impurity that they acquired from their previous skin condition. It may be helpful to clarify this meaning for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “any person who had a skin disease but was pronounced clean by the priest” the person with a skin disease 14:2 mv99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּי֖וֹם טָהֳרָת֑וֹ 1 This expression refers to the **day** on which the priest declares the person to be ritually clean. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **cleansing**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “on the day on which he is to be made clean” on the day of his cleansing 14:2 d521 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהוּבָ֖א אֶל־ הַכֹּהֵֽן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And someone should bring him to the priest” or “He should go to the priest” And he shall be brought to the priest 14:3 uk4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהִנֵּ֛ה נִרְפָּ֥א נֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַ֖עַת מִן־הַצָּרֽוּעַ׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And look, the infection of the skin disease has completely healed from the person with the skin disease” And look, the infection of the skin disease was healed from the person with the skin disease 14:3 b7wz נֶֽגַע־ הַצָּרַ֖עַת 1 See how you translated these words in [13:3](../13/03.md). the infection of the skin disease 14:4 ivuq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 This expression leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Here, the **priest** is telling the infected person how to prepare for his cleansing. You could supply words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest shall tell the infected person what to do” Then the priest shall command 14:4 93pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְלָקַ֧ח לַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר 1 This expression contains the context of what the priest is commanding. Here, he refers to either: 1) the person who is to be cleansed. Alternate translation: “and the person who is to be cleansed shall take for himself” or 2) an unnamed person other than the priest or the person being cleansed. Alternate translation: “and someone else shall take for the person who is being cleansed” and he shall take for the person who is being cleansed 14:4 slt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the person who wishes to be clean” for the person who is being cleansed 14:4 t9pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁתֵּֽי־ צִפֳּרִ֥ים חַיּ֖וֹת טְהֹר֑וֹת 1 This expression refers to birds that are not on the list provided in [11:13–19](../11/13.md). It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “two live birds that the people of Israel are permitted to eat and sacrifice” two live, clean birds 14:4 gdc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת 1 The expression **crimson of worm** is unclear but likely refers to a thread of unspecified fabric that is crimson in color. The dye for this crimson color was likely the byproduct of crushing the eggs of a certain insect, here referred to as a **worm**. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, either in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and thread that has been naturally dyed crimson” and crimson of worm 14:4 ws3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְאֵזֹֽב 1 This **hyssop** was a herby, leafed plant that was common in Israel. Its large and numerous leaves made it ideal for use in sprinkling, especially in ceremonial or ritual contexts, like the present chapter. If your language does not have a word for this plant, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and a bunch of leafy branches” and hyssop 14:5 oh2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 This expression leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Here, the **priest** is telling the infected person how to proceed with the ritual cleansing. You could supply some words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest shall tell the person what to do” And the priest shall command 14:5 m5us rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשָׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הַצִּפּ֣וֹר הָאֶחָ֑ת אֶל־כְּלִי־חֶ֖רֶשׂ 1 This expression refers to slaughtering one of the birds while suspending it over a **container of clay**. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he shall slaughter one bird over a container of clay” and he shall slaughter one bird into a container of clay 14:5 wg0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הַצִּפּ֣וֹר הָאֶחָ֑ת 1 Here, **he** refers to the person who is to be cleansed. This expression contains the context of what the priest is commanding. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the person who is to be cleansed shall slaughter one bird” and he shall slaughter one bird 14:5 g9th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כְּלִי־ חֶ֖רֶשׂ 1 The expression **container of clay** refers to a vessel made from **clay** or earthenware, likely resembling modern kitchen pots or perhaps clay pots, which could hold water. If your language has a specific word for a pot made from this material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “a clay vessel” a container of clay 14:5 h3t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חֶ֖רֶשׂ 1 The **container** is described as made of **clay**, which refers to a material similar to earthenware or potsherds, out of which a pot-shaped vessel could be shaped and baked in a kiln until hardened. If your language has a specific word for this material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “earthenware” clay 14:5 fzd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מַ֥יִם חַיִּֽים׃ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to flowing **water**—that is, the water in the **container of clay** needed to be taken from a flowing source, such as a river or well rather than from a cistern. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “freshwater taken from a flowing source” living water 14:6 rxqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֤ר הַֽחַיָּה֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֹתָ֔הּ & וְטָבַ֨ל אוֹתָ֜ם 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest and not to the person being cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “The live bird, the priest shall take it … and the priest shall dip them” The live bird, he shall take it & and he shall dip them 14:6 fsbi אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֤ר הַֽחַיָּה֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֹתָ֔הּ 1 Alternate translation: “He shall take the living bird” The live bird, he shall take it 14:6 aws9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחֻטָ֔ה עַ֖ל הַמַּ֥יִם הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in the blood of the bird that the person who wishes to be clean killed” in the blood of the bird, the slaughtered one, over the living water 14:6 5c2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַ֖ל הַמַּ֥יִם הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this idiom in the previous verse. over the living water 14:7 m472 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהִזָּ֗ה & וְטִ֣הֲר֔וֹ וְשִׁלַּ֛ח 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest, not to the person being cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall sprinkle … and the priest shall pronounce him clean. And the priest shall send” And he shall sprinkle & and he shall pronounce him clean. And he will send 14:7 7qo6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִזָּ֗ה עַ֧ל הַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר מִן־הַצָּרַ֖עַת שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים 1 This is a ritual action by which cedar wood, hyssop, and a living bird are used to sprinkle the person with the **skin disease** with both blood and clean water. This action ritually purifies and cleanses the individual from any impurity that they acquired through their unclean **skin disease**. It may be helpful to explain this to your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. See how you handled the idea of ritual sprinkling in [1:5](../01/05.md) and elsewhere. And he shall sprinkle on the person who is being cleansed from the skin disease seven times 14:7 cj5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַ֧ל הַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר מִן־הַצָּרַ֖עַת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the person who wishes to be clean” on the person who is being cleansed from the skin disease 14:7 ybh1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ 1 Here, the expression **the face of the field** refers to an open field. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “toward an open field” toward the face of the field 14:7 wnhd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ 1 Here, the expression **the field** does not refer to a specific field but to any field near the place where the Israelites are living. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a nearby field” the field 14:8 8xft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכִבֶּס֩ הַמִּטַּהֵ֨ר אֶת־בְּגָדָ֜יו וְגִלַּ֣ח אֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֗וֹ וְרָחַ֤ץ בַּמַּ֨יִם֙ 1 These are ritual actions designed to show the people and the individual who is being cleansed that he is now ritually and ceremonially clean. If your language has expressions for these kinds of ritual actions, especially in religious contexts, consider using them here. If not, consider explaining the significance of these actions in a footnote or in the text of your translation. And the person who is being cleansed shall wash his clothes, and he shall shave all his hair and he shall bathe in the water 14:8 dni4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַמִּטַּהֵ֨ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the person who is being cleansed 14:8 mikz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְרָחַ֤ץ בַּמַּ֨יִם֙ 1 It might seem that the expression **and he shall bathe in the water** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And he shall wash thoroughly” and he shall bathe in the water 14:9 5elj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal (?) בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the seventh day 14:9 pzhd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יְגַלַּ֣ח אֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֗וֹ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֤וֹ וְאֶת־זְקָנוֹ֙ וְאֵת֙ גַּבֹּ֣ת עֵינָ֔יו וְאֶת־כָּל־שְׂעָר֖וֹ יְגַלֵּ֑חַ 1 These expressions mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “he shall shave all his hair, including his head and his beard and the brows of his eyes and all his hair” he shall shave all his hair. His head and his beard and the brows of his eyes and all his hair he shall shave 14:9 wv7v וְאֵת֙ גַּבֹּ֣ת עֵינָ֔יו 1 Alternate translation: “and his eyebrows” and the brows of his eyes 14:9 3wyw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְרָחַ֧ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֛וֹ בַּמַּ֖יִם 1 See how you translated this expression in the previous verse and in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he shall bathe his flesh in the water 14:9 czy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־בְּשָׂר֛וֹ 1 As before, here and throughout the chapter, the word **flesh** refers to a person’s body as a whole and, occasionally, his genitals specifically. If this expression would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his whole body” his flesh 14:10 2q76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal (?) וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י 1 The word **eighth** is the ordinal form of the number eight. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And on the next day” And on the eighth day 14:10 jjr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִקַּ֤ח 1 Here, the word **he** refers to the person who is being cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “the person who is being cleansed shall take” he shall take 14:10 qdu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּמִימִ֔ים & תְּמִימָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the word **perfect** in [1:3](../01/03.md). perfect {& perfect 14:10 7cmv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְכַבְשָׂ֥ה אַחַ֛ת בַּת־שְׁנָתָ֖הּ תְּמִימָ֑ה 1 The expression **a daughter of her year** is an idiom that refers to an animal that is a year old. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [9:3](../09/03.md). Alternate translation: “and a perfect female lamb that is a year old” or “and a perfect female lamb that is twelve months of age” and one {female} lamb, a perfect daughter of her year 14:10 vzq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת 1 Although the measurement is not explicitly listed here, the **flour** is likely to be measured in ephahs. One ephah was about 23 liters so **three-tenths** of an ephah would amount to almost seven liters of flour. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “and about seven liters of flour” and three-tenths of flour 14:10 5hr3 Ordinal וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים 1 The word **tenth** is the ordinal form of the number ten. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. and three-tenths of 14:10 wjy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:5](../02/05.md). a grain offering mixed with oil 14:10 48sl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִנְחָה֙ 1 See how you translated this sacrifice in [2:1](../02/01.md). a grain offering 14:10 ys2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume וְלֹ֥ג אֶחָ֖ד שָֽׁמֶן׃ 1 One **log** was about one-sixth of a liter (or 0.167 liters). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “and one-sixth of a liter of oil” and one measure of oil 14:11 0ruq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֶעֱמִ֞יד הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַֽמְטַהֵ֗ר אֵ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר וְאֹתָ֑ם 1 This expression refers to positioning the man and his sacrificial items in such a way that they face the inner tent of the tent of meeting in which the Holy of Holy was housed. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the priest, the one pronouncing clean, shall position the man, the person being cleansed, and them in such a way that they stand” And the priest, the one pronouncing clean, shall make the man, the person being cleansed, and them stand 14:11 zbvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֵ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 Even though the word **man** is masculine, it is being used in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person who is being cleansed” the man, the person being cleansed 14:11 d4tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֵ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the man, the person being cleansed 14:11 b5f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֹתָ֑ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the three lambs, the flour, and the oil that the individual was told to bring in the previous verse. If this would not be clear in your language, you could state the referents explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the three lambs, the flour, and the oil that he has brought” and them 14:11 l99k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “in Yahweh’s presence in the sacred precincts of the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lives among the Israelites” to the face of Yahweh 14:12 ht8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִקְרִ֥יב אֹת֛וֹ 1 See how you handled this ritual action in [1:2](../01/02.md). and he shall present it 14:12 j7sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְאָשָׁ֖ם 1 See how you translated this sacrifice in [5:15](../05/15.md). as a guilt offering 14:12 i44p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume וְאֶת־לֹ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן 1 One **log** was about one-sixth of a liter (or 0.167 liters). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the equivalent modern measurement in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “and the one-sixth of a liter of oil” and the measure of oil 14:12 pfmd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵנִ֥יף אֹתָ֛ם תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 It is highly unlikely that the living **lamb** was physically waved in Yahweh’s presence before it was killed. Instead, this expression may refer to waving one’s hands over the living lamb or some other physical motion that demarcated the lamb (and the oil) as the kind of sacrifice that qualified as a **wave offering**. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “And he shall wave his hands over them as a wave offering to the face of Yahweh” And he shall wave them {as} a wave offering to the face of Yahweh 14:12 kxj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּנוּפָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this sacrifice in [7:30](../07/30.md). as} a wave offering 14:12 nlun rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 14:13 22ko rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֶת־הַכֶּ֗בֶשׂ 1 Here, **he** refers to the person who is to be cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the person who is to be cleansed shall slaughter the lamb” And he shall slaughter the lamb 14:13 i44q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בִּ֠מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֧ט אֶת־הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְאֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ 1 These expressions mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Here, **in the holy place** clarifies the previous phrase and further defines where the priest was to kill the lamb. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “in the place where he slaughters the sin offering and the burnt offering, that is, in the holy place” in the place where he slaughters the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the holy place 14:13 haf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense בִּ֠מְקוֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֧ט אֶת־הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְאֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה 1 Here, the author of Leviticus does not use the present tense to describe contemporaneous or ongoing action, as if he is referring to a specific instance where an individual is preparing a **sin offering** or a **burnt offering**. Rather, the present tense is being used both to describe an action that was previously described in the book of Leviticus and to depict a hypothetical situation. If it would be helpful in your language, consider choosing language that makes it plain that the author is not referring to specific past actions. Alternate translation: “in the same place where he might slaughter the sin offering and the burnt offering” in the place where he slaughters the sin offering and the burnt offering 14:13 o4ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֧ט אֶת־הַֽחַטָּ֛את 1 Here, **he** does not refer to the person who is to be cleansed specifically. Rather, it refers generally to anyone who might offer the **sin offering** or the **burnt offering**. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “where people slaughter the sin offering” where he slaughters the sin offering 14:13 90k0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֡י כַּ֠חַטָּאת הָאָשָׁ֥ם 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “This is because the guilt offering is like the sin offering” for the guilt offering {is} like the sin offering 14:13 w5gf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הוּא֙ לַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [5:13](../05/13.md). it {is} for the priest 14:13 gczz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא׃ 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [2:3](../02/03.md). It {is} a holy thing of holy things 14:14 98xe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנָתַן֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַל־תְּנ֛וּךְ אֹ֥זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃ 1 See how you translated the similar ritual action in [8:23–24](../08/23.md). and the priest shall give {it} on the lobe of the right ear of the person who is being cleansed and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot 14:14 by98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַן֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן עַל־תְּנ֛וּךְ אֹ֥זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר הַיְמָנִ֑ית 1 See how you handled this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). and the priest shall give {it} on the lobe of the right ear of the person who is being cleansed 14:14 pnv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the person who is being cleansed 14:15 zyb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume מִלֹּ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן 1 See how you translated this measurement in [14:10](../14/10.md). some of the measure of oil 14:16 f3cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explict וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַשֶּׁ֧מֶן בְּאֶצְבָּע֛וֹ שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Although the object on which the priest is to **sprinkle** the **oil** is not specified, it is likely that the expression **to the face of Yahweh** refers to the direction of the Holy of Holies, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. This action ritually cleanses the holy space where Yahweh lives of any impurity that the person who had the skin disease might have brought into the tent of meeting. It may be helpful to explain the significance of this action to your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and he shall sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seven times to the face of Yahweh so that the holy space where Yahweh lives might be cleansed from any potential impurity that the person who had the skin disease might have brought in” and he shall sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seven times to the face of Yahweh 14:16 8i5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 14:17 mqyh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּמִיֶּ֨תֶר הַשֶּׁ֜מֶן אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כַּפּ֗וֹ יִתֵּ֤ן הַכֹּהֵן֙ עַל־תְּנ֞וּךְ אֹ֤זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִ֑ית עַ֖ל דַּ֥ם הָאָשָֽׁם׃ 1 See how you translated the similar ritual action in [8:23–24](../08/23.md). And the priest shall give some of the remainder of the oil that {is} on his palm on the lobe of the right ear of the person being cleansed and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot, on the blood of the guilt offering 14:17 18bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּמִיֶּ֨תֶר הַשֶּׁ֜מֶן אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כַּפּ֗וֹ יִתֵּ֤ן הַכֹּהֵן֙ עַל־תְּנ֞וּךְ אֹ֤זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית 1 See how you handled this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). And the priest shall give some of the remainder of the oil that {is} on his palm on the lobe of the right ear of the person being cleansed 14:17 6hrv וּמִיֶּ֨תֶר הַשֶּׁ֜מֶן אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כַּפּ֗וֹ יִתֵּ֤ן הַכֹּהֵן֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall give some of the remaining oil that is on his palm” And the priest shall give some of the remainder of the oil that {is} on his palm 14:17 c24c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the person being cleansed 14:18 b8uu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהַנּוֹתָ֗ר בַּשֶּׁ֨מֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַכֹּהֵ֔ן יִתֵּ֖ן עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֑ר 1 See how you handled this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). And the remainder of the oil that {is} on the palm of the priest he shall give on the head of the person being cleansed 14:18 1am8 וְהַנּוֹתָ֗ר בַּשֶּׁ֨מֶן֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining oil” And the remainder of the oil 14:18 k5ss rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the head of the person who wishes to be clean” on the head of the person being cleansed 14:18 u3xr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). However, here and throughout this chapter, make sure that your translation makes it clear that the person is not being atoned for because of any sin on his or her part. In this case, **atonement** removes impurity that is not caused by sin, but by infection and uncleanness. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. And the priest shall make atonement for him to the face of Yahweh 14:18 vmy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 14:19 jdhf וְעָשָׂ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַ֣חַטָּ֔את 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall prepare the sin offering” And the priest shall make the sin offering 14:19 y11v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֕ר עַל־הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Specifically, see how you handled this phrase in the previous verse. and he shall make atonement for the person being cleansed 14:19 hs6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the person being cleansed 14:19 4hqe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִטֻּמְאָת֑וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from that which has made him unclean” from his uncleanness 14:19 z2kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאַחַ֖ר יִשְׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הָעֹלָֽה׃ 1 Here, **he** refers to the person who is to be cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And after, the person being cleansed will slaughter the burnt offering” And after, he shall slaughter the burnt offering 14:20 q661 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהֶעֱלָ֧ה הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הָעֹלָ֥ה וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֖ה הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה 1 This expression is an idiom. It depicts the act of burning the **burnt offering** and the **grain offering** on the altar as converting the offer into smoke that goes **up** to God in heaven from **the altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall burn the burnt offering and the grain offering on the altar in such a way that they go up to Yahweh in smoke” And the priest shall make the burnt offering and the grain offering go up on the altar 14:20 jdvm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֥ר עָלָ֛יו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Specifically, see how you handled this phrase in [14:18](../14/18.md). And the priest shall make atonement for him 14:21 c76j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְאֵ֣ין יָדוֹ֮ מַשֶּׂגֶת֒ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to purchase the three lambs required for the ritual cleansing. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “and he cannot afford to offer the three lambs” and his hand is not reaching 14:21 azv9 rc://*/ta/man/grammar-connect-logic-goal לִתְנוּפָ֖ה לְכַפֵּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו 1 Here, **to** marks waving and making **atonement** as the goal or purpose of bringing the **lamb**, **flour**, and birds to the priest. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to wave, to make atonement for him 14:21 gfgr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכַפֵּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and [14:18](../14/18.md). to make atonement for him 14:21 drj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹן סֹ֜לֶת אֶחָ֨ד בָּל֥וּל בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and one-tenth of flour that he has mixed with oil” and one-tenth of flour mixed with oil 14:21 3fgb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹן סֹ֜לֶת אֶחָ֨ד 1 Here, **tenth** is the ordinal form of the number ten. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. and one-tenth of flour 14:21 hwj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹן סֹ֜לֶת אֶחָ֨ד 1 Although it is not explicit, it is likely that **one-tenth** refers to a tenth of an ephah of flour. See how you translated this measurement in [14:10](../14/10.md). and one-tenth of flour 14:21 aj8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume וְלֹ֥ג שָֽׁמֶן׃ 1 See how you translated this measurement in [14:10](../14/10.md). and a measure of oil 14:22 ncfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:14](../01/14.md). sons of a pigeon 14:22 0cpe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָד֑וֹ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being able to afford to purchase an animal. In other words, that which **his hand reaches** refers to whatever bird the individual is able to afford. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “that he can afford” that his hand reaches 14:23 6p4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהֵבִ֨יא אֹתָ֜ם בַּיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י 1 Here, **he** refers to the person who is to be cleansed, and **them** refers to the lamb, portions of flour, and birds that the ritual cleansing requires. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referents plainly. Alternate translation: “And on the eighth day, the person who is to be cleansed should bring the lamb, portions of flour, oil, and the birds” And on the eighth day, he shall bring them 14:23 j9v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֛י 1 The word **eighth** is the ordinal form of the number eight. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. The **eighth day** refers to the day after the week-long period of purification mentioned in [14:8](../14/08.md) during with the person dwells outside of the camp. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on the day after the week-long period during which he lived outside of the camp” on the eighth day 14:23 e94b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ 1 Here, **for** marks **cleansing** as the goal or purpose of bringing all of the required items and animals. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. for his cleansing 14:23 pc6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **cleansing**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “so that he is no longer unclean” or “so that he can be clean” for his cleansing 14:23 14ne rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֑ן אֶל־פֶּ֥תַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 These expressions mean basically the same thing. The second and third emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second and third phrases are repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to the priest who is at the entrance of the tent of meeting, that is, to the face of Yahweh” to the priest, to the entrance of the tent of meeting, to the face of Yahweh 14:23 107n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 14:24 wiiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־כֶּ֥בֶשׂ הָאָשָׁ֖ם 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe a **lamb** that is characterized by the fact that it has been selected to become a **guilt offering**. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this, use a construction that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the lamb that he has selected to offer as a guilt offering” the lamb of the guilt offering 14:24 u8i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume וְאֶת־לֹ֣ג הַשָּׁ֑מֶן 1 See how you translated this measurement in [14:10](../14/10.md). and the measure of oil 14:24 dolf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵנִ֨יף אֹתָ֧ם הַכֹּהֵ֛ן תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 Again, it is highly unlikely that the living **lamb of the guilt offering** was physically waved in Yahweh’s presence. Instead, this expression may refer to waving one’s hands over the lamb in order or some other physical motion that would demarcate it (and the **measure of oil**) as the kind of sacrifice that qualified as a **wave offering**. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall wave his hands over them as a wave offering to the face of Yahweh” And the priest shall wave them {as} a wave offering to the face of Yahweh 14:25 rm8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׁחַט֮ אֶת־כֶּ֣בֶשׂ הָֽאָשָׁם֒ 1 Here, **he** refers to the person who is to be cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the person who is to be cleansed shall slaughter the lamb of the guilt offering” And he shall slaughter the lamb of the guilt offering 14:25 otcw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֶת־כֶּ֣בֶשׂ הָֽאָשָׁם֒ 1 See how you translated this expression in the previous. Alternate translation: “the lamb that he has selected to offer as a guilt offering” the lamb of the guilt offering 14:25 xj95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנָתַ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר הַיְמָנִ֑ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִֽית׃ 1 See how you translated the similar ritual action in [8:23–24](../08/23.md). and he shall give {it} on the lobe of the right ear of the person being cleansed and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot 14:25 rzoz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַ֛ן עַל־תְּנ֥וּךְ אֹֽזֶן־הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר הַיְמָנִ֑ית 1 See how you handled this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). and he shall give {it} on the lobe of the right ear of the person being cleansed 14:25 g7wh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the person being cleansed 14:27 lk7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִזָּ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ בְּאֶצְבָּע֣וֹ הַיְמָנִ֔ית מִן־הַשֶּׁ֕מֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־כַּפּ֖וֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑ית 1 See how you translated the similar ritual action in [14:16](../14/16.md). And the priest shall sprinkle with his right finger some of the oil that {is} on his left palm 14:27 zi57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 14:28 9x04 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִן־הַשֶּׁ֣מֶן ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־כַּפּ֗וֹ עַל־תְּנ֞וּךְ אֹ֤זֶן הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֤הֶן יָדוֹ֙ הַיְמָנִ֔ית וְעַל־בֹּ֥הֶן רַגְל֖וֹ הַיְמָנִ֑ית 1 See how you handled this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). And the priest shall give some of the oil that {is} on his palm on the lobe of the right ear of the person being cleansed and on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot 14:28 n3d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the person being cleansed 14:29 28ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְהַנּוֹתָ֗ר מִן־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַכֹּהֵ֔ן יִתֵּ֖ן עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֑ר 1 See how you handled this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). And the remainder of the oil that {is} on the palm of the priest he shall give on the head of the person being cleansed 14:29 b1wd וְהַנּוֹתָ֗ר מִן־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶן֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And the remaining oil” And the remainder of the oil 14:29 e4hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַמִּטַּהֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on the head of the person who wishes to be clean” on the head of the person being cleansed 14:29 zy5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֖יו 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and [14:18](../14/18.md). to make atonement for him 14:29 deiw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לְכַפֵּ֥ר עָלָ֖יו 1 Here, **to** marks making **atonement** as the goal or purpose of putting the **oil** on the head of **the person being cleansed**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to make atonement for him 14:29 4g1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 14:30 hg23 וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־הָֽאֶחָד֙ מִן־הַתֹּרִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “And he shall prepare one of the doves” And he shall make one from the doves 14:30 29dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִן־בְּנֵ֣י הַיּוֹנָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:14](../01/14.md). from the sons of the pigeon 14:30 heez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָדֽוֹ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being able to afford to purchase an animal. In other words, that which **his hand reaches** refers to whatever bird the individual is able to afford. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “from that which he can afford” from whatever his hand reaches 14:31 g2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תַּשִּׂ֞יג יָד֗וֹ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being able to afford to purchase an animal. In other words, that which **his hand reaches** refers to whatever bird the individual is able to afford. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “whatever he can afford” whatever his hand reaches 14:31 uy5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עַ֥ל הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and [14:18](../14/18.md). And the priest shall make atonement for the person being cleansed 14:31 ap91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the person who wishes to be clean” the person being cleansed 14:31 fe8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 14:32 ia5o זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֔ת אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת 1 Alternate translation: “This is the instruction of whoever has an infectious skin disease” This {is} the instruction of whoever {is} on him an infection of a skin disease 14:32 185v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֔ת אֲשֶׁר־בּ֖וֹ נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the **instruction** that is characterized by referring to a person who has an **infection of a skin disease** who cannot afford the three lambs normally required for the ritual cleansing. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that has to do with whoever has an infection of a skin disease” or “This is the instruction that pertains to whoever has an infection of a skin disease” This {is} the instruction of whoever {is} on him an infection of a skin disease 14:32 eka8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת 1 See how you translated these words in [13:3](../13/03.md). an infection of a skin disease 14:32 p78r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תַשִּׂ֥יג יָד֖וֹ בְּטָהֳרָתֽוֹ 1 This expression is an idiom that refers to being unable to afford to purchase the three lambs required for the ritual cleansing. If your language has a similar idiomatic expression, consider using it here. Otherwise, if it would be helpful in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “who cannot afford the three lambs required for his cleansing” whose hand does not reach his cleansing 14:32 a7pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּטָהֳרָתֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **cleansing**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the means by which he can become clean” or “the means by which he can be cleansed” his cleansing 14:33 wzw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר׃ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 14:34 snu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular תָבֹ֨אוּ֙ & לָכֶ֖ם & אֲחֻזַּתְכֶֽם׃ 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. They refer to the people of Israel, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. you enter & to you & your possession 14:34 k89h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַתִּי֙ נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת 1 See how you handled this idiom in [1:7](../01/07.md). and I give an infection of a disease 14:34 u9um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת 1 Here, the expression **infection of a disease**, while the same expression that was used above for infectious skin diseases, likely refers to an infectious household mold or fungus. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “an infection of mold or mildew” an infection of a disease 14:34 0utr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe an **infection** that is characterized by the fact that it is the symptom of a **disease**, likely referring to a mold or mildew. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this, use a construction that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an infectious disease” or “an infectious mold or mildew” an infection of a disease 14:34 9lfq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּבֵ֖ית אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶֽם׃ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe a **house** that is in the **land** that the Israelites will come to possess, that is, the land of Canaan. If your language would not use the possessive form to express this, use a construction that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in a house that is in the land that you will possess” in a house of the land of your possession 14:34 ap3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **possession**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “in the land that you will possess” the land of your possession 14:35 gcc6 וּבָא֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ הַבַּ֔יִת 1 Alternate translation: “then he who owns the house shall come” then he whom the house {is} to him shall come 14:35 st5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotesinquotes וְהִגִּ֥יד לַכֹּהֵ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּנֶ֕גַע נִרְאָ֥ה לִ֖י בַּבָּֽיִת׃ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “and he shall inform the priest that something like an infection has appeared to him in the house” and he shall inform the priest, saying, ‘{Something} like an infection has appeared to me in the house 14:35 qp4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 14:36 5efb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְצִוָּ֨ה הַכֹּהֵ֜ן 1 This expression leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Here, the **priest** is telling the people what to do with the house that is infected with mold or mildew. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest shall tell the people what to do” The priest shall command 14:36 ol0s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּפִנּ֣וּ אֶת־הַבַּ֗יִת בְּטֶ֨רֶם יָבֹ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ לִרְא֣וֹת אֶת־הַנֶּ֔גַע וְלֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּ֑יִת 1 This means that unless the owners and residents of the house open all the windows in preparation for the priest to arrive to inspect the household mold, the priest will declare the house and everything (and, likely, everyone) in it to be unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “and they shall open up the windows of the house before the priest comes to see the infection. If they do not do this, the priest will declare everything that is in the house unclean” and they shall open the house before the priest comes to see the infection, and everything that {is} in the house will not be pronounced unclean 14:36 lt1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וּפִנּ֣וּ אֶת־הַבַּ֗יִת 1 Here, **they** refers to the residents of the house. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the people in the house shall open the house” and they shall open the house 14:36 q9ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹ֥א יִטְמָ֖א כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּבָּ֑יִת 1 Once the priest declared **the house** to be unclean, everything in the house became **unclean**, as well. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the priest does not need to declare anything or anyone in the house to be unclean” and everything that {is} in the house will not be pronounced unclean 14:36 x4iy וְאַ֥חַר כֵּ֛ן 1 Alternate translation: “And afterward” And after thus 14:37 8uja rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׁקַֽעֲרוּרֹת֙ יְרַקְרַקֹּ֔ת א֖וֹ אֲדַמְדַּמֹּ֑ת 1 These **eruptions** likely refer to spots on the wall where the mold or mildew has aggressively spread and changed colors. If your language has a word for this kind of infectious mold or mildew, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “is a large spot of mold or mildew that is green or red in color” is} greenish or reddish eruptions 14:37 nv5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֥ן שָׁפָ֖ל מִן־ הַקִּֽיר 1 This expression refers to the fact that the priest is to determine whether mold or mildew has gone **deeper** than just the surface of the **wall**. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **appearance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and they look to be deeper than the surface of the wall” and their appearance {is} deeper than the wall 14:38 kwwq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִסְגִּ֥יר אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃ 1 As was the case with the person who had the potential symptom of an infectious skin disease, this expression refers to quarantining the house for a period of time in order to allow the mold to naturally progress and for a diagnosis to be more easily made in one direction or another. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he shall shut up the house for seven days so that no one can come in or out” and he shall separate the house {for} seven days 14:39 u6kx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal (?) בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of the number seven. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on the last day of that week-long period” on the seventh day 14:40 60re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 This expression leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Here, the **priest** is telling the people what to do with the house that is infected with mold or mildew. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the priest shall tell the people what to do” And the priest shall command 14:40 wehe rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְחִלְּצוּ֙ & וְהִשְׁלִ֤יכוּ 1 Here, **they** refers to the residents of the house. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “the residents of the house shall pull out … and they shall cast” and they shall pull out & and they shall cast 14:40 m445 אֶת־הָ֣אֲבָנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן הַנָּ֑גַע 1 Alternate translation: ”the stones that have the infection on them” or “the stones that show signs of the infection” the stones that the infection {is} on them 14:40 j27k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְהִשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אֶתְהֶן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ 1 These expressions mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and they shall cast them to a place on the outside of the city that is unclean” and they shall cast them to {a place} on the outside of the city, to an unclean place 14:40 bkh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ 1 This **unclean place** was a location outside of the city limits where refuse and other unclean items would be disposed of. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “to the unclean place on the outside of the city where people dispose of unclean things” to {a place} on the outside of the city, to an unclean place 14:40 mcvj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר 1 Here, as [14:34](../14/34.md) also suggests, the inclusion of the word **city** implies that Yahweh is speaking of a future time when the people of Israel will be living in cities rather than in the wilderness as they were when Yahweh spoke these words to Moses. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “to a place on the outside of the city in which you will one day live” to {a place} on the outside of the city 14:40 by61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לָעִ֔יר 1 Here, **the city** does not refer to a specific but to any city in which an Israelite may someday live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “of any city in which you will someday live” of the city 14:41 0rb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת־הַבַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ מִבַּ֖יִת סָבִ֑יב 1 This expression refers to removing **the soil** that coated the exterior of the walls of **the house**. This process had the potential to remove the mold or mildew from the walls. If your language has a specific word for this process, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And the house he shall have scraped from the house all around in order to try and remove the infectious mold” And the house he shall have scraped from the house all around 14:41 kwu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאֶת־ הַבַּ֛יִת יַקְצִ֥עַ 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest, although the priest is not the one who will scrape the house. The rest of the verse suggests that the residents of the house will scrape the walls. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall have the house scraped” And the house he shall have scraped 14:41 o49y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׁפְכ֗וּ אֶת־הֶֽעָפָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְצ֔וּ 1 Here, **they** refers to the residents of the house. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the residents of the house shall pour out the soil that they scrape off” And they shall pour out the soil that they scrape off 14:41 92l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הֶֽעָפָר֙ 1 This **soil** likely refers to an earthen, plaster-like material that would be used to cover the outside of the exterior walls of a house. If your language has a word for this kind of building material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “the wall plaster” the soil 14:41 y6tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ 1 See how you handled the similar expression in the previous verse. at {a place} on the outside of the city, at an unclean place 14:42 19vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְלָקְחוּ֙ & וְהֵבִ֖יאוּ 1 Here, **they** refers to the residents of the house. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the residents of the house shall take … and they shall bring them” And they shall take & and they shall bring {them 14:42 wjmx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲבָנִ֣ים אֲחֵר֔וֹת & וְעָפָ֥ר אַחֵ֛ר 1 These expressions refer to new, uncontaminated **stones** and fresh **soil**. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “new, clean stones … fresh soil” other stones & and & other soil 14:42 060v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵבִ֖יאוּ אֶל־תַּ֣חַת הָאֲבָנִ֑ים 1 The expression **into under the stones** means the location where the infected stones previously were in the walls. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “and they shall put them wherever the infected stones were in the wall” and they shall bring {them} into under the stones 14:42 p5i3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְעָפָ֥ר אַחֵ֛ר יִקַּ֖ח וְטָ֥ח אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃ 1 Here, **he** refers either to: 1) the owner of the house. Alternate translation: “and the owner of the house shall take other soil and he shall plaster the house” or 2) the priest. Alternate translation: “and the priest shall take other soil and he shall plaster the house” and he shall take other soil and he shall plaster the house 14:43 bcz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחַ֖ר חִלֵּ֣ץ אֶת־הָאֲבָנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֛י הִקְצ֥וֹת אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת וְאַחֲרֵ֥י הִטּֽוֹחַ׃ 1 These expressions refer to the process of scraping off the entire house, removing the infected stones, and re-plastering the house. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “after the residents of the house have pulled out the infected stones, scraped off of the entire house, and re-plastered it with fresh soil” after the pulling out of the stones and after the scrapping off of the house and after the plastering 14:44 pu4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צָרַ֨עַת מַמְאֶ֥רֶת הִ֛וא בַּבַּ֖יִת 1 This expression refers to the fact that if the priest observes these things, the **infection** (that is, the mold or mildew) is actually a sign of an infectious and potentially deadly disease. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating it plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [13:51](../13/51.md). Alternate translation: “the infection is actually a sign that the house has an infectious and potentially deadly mold or mildew on it” it {is} a malignant infection in the house 14:45 j2th rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְנָתַ֣ץ אֶת־ הַבַּ֗יִת 1 Here, **he** refers either to: 1) the owner of the house. Alternate translation: “Then the owner of the house shall tear down the house” or 2) the priest. Alternate translation: “Then the priest shall tear down the house” Then he shall tear down the house 14:45 84up rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־עֲפַ֣ר הַבָּ֑יִת 1 See how you translated the word **soil** in [14:41](../14/41.md). and & all the soil of the house 14:45 i591 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהוֹצִיא֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָמֵֽא׃ 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [14:40](../14/40.md). And he shall take {them} out to {a place} on the outside of the city, to an unclean place 14:45 20dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְהוֹצִיא֙ 1 Here, **them** refers to all the parts of the house that were previously mentioned in this verse, including the **stones**, **wood**, and **soil** of the house. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referents plainly. Alternate translation: “And he shall take out the stones, wood, and soil of the house” And he shall take {them} out 14:46 jlji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַבָּא֙ אֶל־הַבַּ֔יִת 1 This expression represents any person who enters the house in general, not one particular individual. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And any person who enters into the house” And the person who enters into the house 14:46 je7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־יְמֵ֖י הִסְגִּ֣יר אֹת֑וֹ 1 This expression refers to the period of time during which the priest has quarantined the house. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “during the time when the priest has shut up the house” all of the days of his separating it 14:47 zddy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַשֹּׁכֵ֣ב בַּבַּ֔יִת 1 This expression represents any person who dwells in the house in general, not one particular individual. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And any person who dwells in the house” And the person dwelling in the house 14:47 b8ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהָאֹכֵ֣ל בַּבַּ֔יִת 1 This expression represents any person who eats in the house in general, not one particular individual. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And any person who eats in the house” And the person eating in the house 14:48 30io rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאִם־בֹּ֨א יָבֹ֜א הַכֹּהֵ֗ן 1 This expression repeats the verb **coming** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But if the priest ever comes” or ”But whenever the priest comes” But if, coming, the priest comes 14:48 pd23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחֲרֵ֖י הִטֹּ֣חַ אֶת־הַבָּ֑יִת 1 This expression refers to the process of having re-plastered the house with fresh, clean soil. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “after the residents of the house have re-plastered it” after the plastering of the house 14:48 hoa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֥י נִרְפָּ֖א הַנָּֽגַע׃ 1 The word translated as **because** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation, with a period before: “The house should be pronounced clean because the infection was healed” because the infection was healed 14:48 aw4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִרְפָּ֖א הַנָּֽגַע 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the owner has successfully removed the infection from the house” the infection was healed 14:49 wnyv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְלָקַ֛ח 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall take” And he shall take 14:49 qk3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְעֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֵזֹֽב 1 See how you translated these words in [14:4](../14/04.md). and wood of cedar and scarlet of worm and hyssop 14:49 sefd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְחַטֵּ֥א אֶת־הַבַּ֖יִת 1 Here, **to** marks cleansing **the house** as the goal or purpose of the priests’ acquiring these items. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. to cleanse the house 14:50 z4nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשָׁחַ֖ט אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הָאֶחָ֑ת 1 Although it is ambiguous, based on [14:4](../14/04.md), **he** likely refers to the owner of the house that is to be cleansed. This expression contains the context of what the priest is commanding. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the owner of the house that is to be cleansed shall slaughter one bird” And he shall slaughter one bird 14:50 g7um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־ כְּלִי־ חֶ֖רֶשׂ עַל־ מַ֥יִם חַיִּֽים׃ 1 See how you translated this expression in [14:5](../14/05.md). into a vessel of clay, over living water 14:51 7k4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְלָקַ֣ח 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest and not to the owner of the house that is being cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall take” And he shall take 14:51 pk9n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־עֵֽץ־הָ֠אֶרֶז וְאֶת־הָ֨אֵזֹ֜ב וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׁנִ֣י הַתּוֹלַ֗עַת וְאֵת֮ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַֽחַיָּה֒ 1 See how you translated these words in [14:4](../14/04.md). the wood of cedar and the hyssop and the scarlet of worm and the live bird 14:51 cq38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּדַם֙ הַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַשְּׁחוּטָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in the blood of the bird that the owner of the house slaughtered” in the blood of the bird, the one that was slaughtered 14:51 l18z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּבַמַּ֖יִם הַֽחַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated this expression in [14:5](../14/05.md). and in the living water 14:51 ir6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִזָּ֥ה אֶל־הַבַּ֖יִת שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִֽים׃ 1 See how you handled the similar ritual action in [14:7](../14/05.md). and he shall sprinkle {them} on the house seven times 14:52 k4zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְחִטֵּ֣א אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת 1 This expression refers to the priest successfully purifying the house so that the items in it and the people residing in it will no longer be unclean. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. Alternate translation: “And he shall purify the house from all of the impurities of the infectious mold or mildew” And he shall purify the house 14:52 jep8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּבַמַּ֖יִם הַֽחַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated this expression in [14:5](../14/05.md). and with the living water 14:52 93bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבַצִּפֹּ֣ר הַחַיָּ֗ה וּבְעֵ֥ץ הָאֶ֛רֶז וּבָאֵזֹ֖ב וּבִשְׁנִ֥י הַתּוֹלָֽעַת׃ 1 See how you translated these words in [14:4](../14/04.md). and with the live bird and with the wood of cedar and with the hyssop and with the scarlet of worm 14:53 jukk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְשִׁלַּ֞ח אֶת־הַצִּפֹּ֧ר הַֽחַיָּ֛ה 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest and not to the owner of the house that is being cleansed. If this would not be clear in your language, consider stating the referent explicitly. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall send the live bird” And he shall send the live bird 14:53 78qe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [14:7](../14/07.md). toward the face of the field 14:53 et8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֥ר עַל־הַבַּ֖יִת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Here, however, make sure your translation makes it clear that the house is not being atoned for because of any sin on the part of anyone who lived in it. In this case, **atonement** removes impurity that is not caused by sin, but by infection and uncleanness. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. And he shall make atonement for the house 14:54 344d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֹ֖את הַתּוֹרָ֑ה לְכָל־נֶ֥גַע הַצָּרַ֖עַת 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the **instruction** that is characterized by referring to the process of cleansing for any of the scenarios described in [14:54–57](../14/54.md). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that has to do with every infection of the skin disease” or “This is the instruction that pertains to every infection of the skin disease” This {is} the instruction of every infection of the skin disease 14:54 f451 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נֶ֥גַע הַצָּרַ֖עַת 1 See how you translated these words in [13:3](../13/03.md). infection of the skin disease 14:54 9f62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלַנָּֽתֶק׃ 1 See how you translated this skin condition in [13:30](../13/30.md). and of the scall 14:55 e1sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּלְצָרַ֥עַת 1 See how you translated this skin condition in [13:47](../13/47.md). and of a skin disease of 14:56 doj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלַשְׂאֵ֥ת 1 See how you translated this skin condition in [13:2](../13/02.md). and of the swelling 14:56 qrw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלַסַּפַּ֖חַת 1 See how you translated this skin condition in [13:6](../13/06.md). and of the rash 14:56 hhiq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְלַבֶּהָֽרֶת׃ 1 See how you translated this skin condition in [13:2](../13/02.md). and of the bright spot 14:57 rv13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהוֹרֹ֕ת 1 Here, the expression **in order to** marks teaching how to identify **uncleanness** and **cleanness** as the goal or purpose of the **instruction**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. in order to teach 14:57 ut76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּי֥וֹם הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבְי֣וֹם הַטָּהֹ֑ר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **uncleanness** and **cleanness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Additionally, the word **day** is being used to refer to a period of time. If your language has a similar idiom, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “when a person is unclean or when a person is clean” on the day of uncleanness or on the day of cleanness 14:57 n4s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַצָּרָֽעַת 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the **instruction** that is characterized by referring to the wide variety of skin diseases described in [14:54–57](../14/54.md). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that has to do with skin diseases” or “This is the instruction that pertains to skin diseases” This {is} the instruction of the skin disease 15:intro zp3s 0 # Leviticus 15 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Bodily fluid\n\nThis chapter discusses fluids that come out of the body. These fluids caused a person to be unclean because of their potential to cause diseases. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])\n\n### Cleanliness\n\nWhile these rules about cleanliness are intended to benefit the Israelites and promote their health, they also were about making Israel into a separate and holy nation, different from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) 15:1 upg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר׃ 1 The word translated **saying** introduces a direct quotation. In your translation, consider ways in which you might introduce this quotation naturally in your language. saying 15:1-2 7tzz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotesinquotes לֵאמֹֽר & דַּבְּרוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲלֵהֶ֑ם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation, with a period before: “He told Moses to speak to the sons of Israel and to say to them” saying & Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them 15:2 zyg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-doublet דַּבְּרוּ֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲלֵהֶ֑ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that Moses and Aaron are to deliver the following speech to the people of Israel. If your language does not use repetition for emphasis, you could use a single phrase and convey the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Make sure you say this to the sons of Israel” Speak to the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them 15:2 wy6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 See how you translated this metaphor in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel 15:2 9dw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. The word refers to Moses and Aaron. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. and you shall say 15:2 9ahv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אִ֣ישׁ אִ֗ישׁ 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. Specifically, here **man** is repeated to refer to any male. If your language can repeat words in a similar way, consider doing so here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “Any man” A man, a man 15:2 9s7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֤י יִהְיֶה֙ זָ֣ב מִבְּשָׂר֔וֹ 1 This expression refers to a scenario when a man has a flowing bodily discharge, specifically (as the next note will clarify) from his genitals. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “when he has a flowing discharge from his flesh” when he is flowing from his body 15:2 rq7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism מִבְּשָׂר֔וֹ 1 Here and throughout this chapter the word **flesh** is a polite way of referring to a man‘s genitals. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “from his genitals” from his body 15:3 z6ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְזֹ֛את תִּהְיֶ֥ה טֻמְאָת֖וֹ & טֻמְאָת֖וֹ הִֽוא 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **uncleanness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is what makes him unclean … it makes him unclean” And this is his uncleanness & it {is} his uncleanness 15:3 z2y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָ֣ר בְּשָׂר֞וֹ אֶת־זוֹב֗וֹ 1 This expression refers to the manner of the man’s **flow**. It likely describes a discharge that excretes or drips from a man’s genitals. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider using an expression that is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whether the discharge drips from his flesh” whether} his flesh secretes his flow 15:3 4kfj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֽוֹ־הֶחְתִּ֤ים בְּשָׂרוֹ֙ מִזּוֹב֔וֹ 1 Like the previous expression, this phrase refers to the manner of the man’s **flow**. It likely describes a discharge that is stopped up in a man’s genitals and has become infected. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider using an expression that is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or the discharge is stopped up in the man’s flesh” or his flesh blocks his flow 15:4 hdul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַזָּ֖ב 1 Here and in the following verses, the expression **the flowing man** refers to the man who has the flowing infection in his genitals. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider using an expression that is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man with the discharge” the flowing {person 15:5 xvhv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִגַּ֖ע בְּמִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו 1 See how you handled this ritual action in [14:8](../14/08.md). And a man who touches his bed shall wash his clothes 15:5 gkxa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְאִ֕ישׁ 1 Although the word **man** is masculine, here is it being used in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “And any person” And a man 15:5 99a0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם 1 It might seem that the expression **he will wash with water** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could use an equivalent expression. See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “And he shall wash thoroughly” And he shall bathe with water 15:6 i1j0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַיֹּשֵׁב֙ עַֽל־הַכְּלִ֔י 1 This expression represents any person who **sits** on any **furniture** on which the man with the discharge has sat, not one particular individual. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And any person who sits on the furniture” And the person who sits on the furniture 15:6 3tyn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he shall bathe with water 15:7 sr1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בִּבְשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑ב 1 Here, **flesh** likely represents not the genitals specifically, but the body of the person with the discharge as a whole. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And the person who touches any part of the flowing man's body” And the person who touches the flesh of the flowing {person 15:7 odfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בִּבְשַׂ֣ר 1 This expression represents any person who **touches** the **flesh** of the man with the discharge, not one particular individual. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And any person who touches the flesh” And the person who touches the flesh of 15:7 qfd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). And he shall bathe with water 15:8 t7pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). and he shall bathe with water 15:9 edw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְכָל־הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו הַזָּ֖ב 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. Specifically, the expression **means of riding** translates a noun that is related to the verb **rides**. If your language can repeat words in a similar way, consider doing so here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And anything on which the flowing man has ridden” And any means of riding on which the flowing {person} rides 15:9 vfp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכָל־הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב 1 The expression **any means of riding** refers to anything that is placed on the back of a horse or donkey on which a person would ride. This includes objects like saddles, clothes, blankets, and the like. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And anything could be used to ride a horse or donkey” And any means of riding 15:10 dsi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִהְיֶ֣ה תַחְתָּ֔יו 1 This expression refers to the ”means of riding” that was described in the previous verse. This means that the word **him** in this expression refers to the man who has the discharge. If this meaning would not be clear to your readers, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “anything that the man with the discharge used to ride a horse or donkey” anything that was under him 15:10 anv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְהַנּוֹשֵׂ֣א אוֹתָ֔ם 1 This expression represents any person who **lifts** anything on which the man with the discharge has sat while riding, not one particular individual. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And whoever lifts them” And the one who lifts them 15:11 ga5g וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגַּע־ בּוֹ֙ הַזָּ֔ב 1 Alternate translation: “And whomever the person with the infected flow touches” And anyone who the flowing {person} touches him 15:11 pujd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְיָדָ֖יו לֹא־שָׁטַ֣ף בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 Here, **he** refers to the **flowing man**, that is, the man who has the genital discharge. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “but the flowing man did not first wash his hands” and he does not rinse his hands in water 15:12 g4sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּכְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־ יִגַּע־ בּ֥וֹ הַזָּ֖ב יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And whoever owns the container of clay that the flowing man touches shall break it” And a container of clay that the flowing {person} touches shall be broken 15:12 cp7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּכְלִי־חֶ֛רֶשׂ 1 The expression **container of clay** refers to a vessel made from **clay** or earthenware, likely resembling modern kitchen pots or perhaps clay pots, which could hold water. If your language has a specific word for a pot made from this material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “And a clay pot” And a container of clay 15:12 r356 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכָל־ כְּלִי־ עֵ֔ץ יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and someone must rinse every wooden container with water” and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed with water 15:12 jxsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵ֔ץ יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם׃ 1 This expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. See how you handled the similar expression in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “and whoever owns a vessel of wood shall rinse it thoroughly” and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed with water 15:12 ot6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵ֔ץ 1 The expression **a vessel of wood** is likely an implement, rather than a **container**. If your language has a specific word for a pot made from this material, consider using it here. If not, consider using a generic expression.Additionally, the expression here refers to any wooden implement that the **flowing man** has touched. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and every wooden implement that the flowing man touches” and every vessel of wood 15:13 xiep rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְכִֽי־יִטְהַ֤ר הַזָּב֙ מִזּוֹב֔וֹ 1 This expression refers to a person’s discharge healing. If this meaning would not be clear in your language, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And when the flowing man recovers from his flow and is not longer infected” And when the flowing {person} cleanses from his flow 15:13 xyfn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְסָ֨פַר ל֜וֹ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֛ים 1 This expression refers to determining a week-long period after which the **flowing man** can be cleansed. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “then he shall determine a seven-day period” then he shall count for himself seven days 15:13 nds3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ 1 Here, **for** marks **cleansing** as the goal or purpose of counting out **seven days**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. for his cleansing 15:13 bxqp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **cleansing**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “in order to determine when he can be cleansed” for his cleansing 15:13 t3tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בְּשָׂר֛וֹ 1 See how you handled this euphemism in [15:2](../15/02.md). his body 15:13 qhlt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּמַ֥יִם חַיִּ֖ים 1 See how you translated this idiom in [14:5](../14/05.md). in living water 15:14 gce4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י 1 The word **eighth** is the ordinal form of the number eight. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And on the next day” And on the eighth day 15:14 gp4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:14](../01/14.md). two sons of a pigeon & he shall 15:14 jmwe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 15:15 8cb2 וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֹתָם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall prepare them” And the priest shall make them 15:15 6h27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֹתָם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן 1 Here, **them** refers to the two birds that are described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “And the priest shall make the two birds” And the priest shall make them 15:15 fa9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). However, here and throughout this chapter, make sure that your translation makes it clear that the man is not being atoned for because of any sin on his or her part. In this case, **atonement** removes impurity that is not caused by sin, but by infection and uncleanness. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. And the priest shall make atonement for him 15:15 t2vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 15:16 uq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֥א מִמֶּ֖נּוּ שִׁכְבַת־זָ֑רַע 1 This expression refers to a man having an ejaculation. If your language has a similar expression, consider using it here. However, if this expression would not have this meaning in your language, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “when he experiences an ejaculation” when a layer of seed goes out from him 15:16 prya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ 1 Whereas elsewhere, the word **flesh** usually refers specifically to a person’s genitals, here the expression **all his flesh** refers to a man’s entire body. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “his whole body” all his flesh 15:17 rnhw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שִׁכְבַת־ זָ֑רַע 1 See how you translated this expression in the previous verse. a layer of seed 15:17 nnc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְכֻבַּ֥ס בַּמַּ֖יִם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the owner of the item shall wash it with water” and it shall be washed in water 15:18 m4i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְאִשָּׁ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב אִ֛ישׁ אֹתָ֖הּ 1 This expression refers to sexual relations between a man and a woman in a polite way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “And if a man and woman have sexual relations” And a woman with whom a man lies 15:18 ksnd שִׁכְבַת־ זָ֑רַע 1 Alternate translation: “and there is a layer of seed” or “and the man ejaculates” a layer of seed 15:18 0dza rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo וְרָחֲצ֣וּ בַמַּ֔יִם 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). then they shall bathe with water 15:19 70uu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־תִהְיֶ֣ה זָבָ֔ה דָּ֛ם יִהְיֶ֥ה זֹבָ֖הּ בִּבְשָׂרָ֑הּ 1 This expression refers to a woman’s normal menstruation. It may be helpful to use a more natural expression in your language. Alternate translation: “when she is bleeding normally from her flesh” when she is flowing—blood is her flow in her flesh 15:19 05l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בִּבְשָׂרָ֑הּ 1 Here, the word **flesh** is a polite way of referring to a woman’s genitals. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “in her genitals” in her flesh 15:19 kc0k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה בְנִדָּתָ֔הּ 1 This expression means that when a woman begins menstruating, she will be considered unclean for seven days. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she will be unclean because of her menstruation” for} seven days, she will be in her menstruation 15:19 jke6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown תִּהְיֶ֣ה בְנִדָּתָ֔הּ 1 The word **menstruation** refers to the time when blood discharges from a woman’s uterine lining. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **menstruation**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “she should consider herself to be normally menstruating” she will be in her menstruation 15:20 s2rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּנִדָּתָ֖הּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **menstruation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when she is menstruating” in her menstruation 15:23 ramw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאִ֨ם עַֽל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֜ב ה֗וּא א֧וֹ עַֽל־הַכְּלִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥וא יֹשֶֽׁבֶת־עָלָ֖יו 1 Here, **it** refers to anything that might be placed on a **bed** or a piece of **furniture** on which the menstruating woman has sat or on which she has laid. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “But if an item is placed on the bed or on furniture on which she is sitting” But if it {is} on the bed or on furniture on which she is sitting 15:23 ntco rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּנָגְעוֹ־ב֑וֹ יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ 1 Here, **he** refers to the hypothetical person who touches something that has been placed on the menstruating woman’s **bed** or **furniture**. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “when anyone touches it, that person shall be unclean until the evening” when he touches it, he shall be unclean until the evening 15:24 k2wv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְאִ֡ם שָׁכֹב֩ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אִ֜ישׁ אֹתָ֗הּ 1 This expression refers to sexual relations between a man and a woman in a polite way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “And if a man has sexual relations with her” And if, laying, a man lies with her 15:24 369x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication וְאִ֡ם שָׁכֹב֩ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אִ֜ישׁ אֹתָ֗הּ 1 This expression repeats the verb **laying** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “And if a man ever lies with her” And if, laying, a man lies with her 15:24 sj7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּתְהִ֤י נִדָּתָהּ֙ עָלָ֔יו 1 Here, the expression **her menstruation** represents a woman’s menstrual blood. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and her menstrual blood is on him” and her menstruation is on him 15:25 he4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּֽי־יָזוּב֩ ז֨וֹב דָּמָ֜הּ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים בְּלֹא֙ עֶת־נִדָּתָ֔הּ 1 This expression refers to a scenario in which the woman bleeds from her genitals at any time other than her **menstruation**. If this happens, the woman is unclean just like during her menstruation. If this would be unclear in your language, it may be helpful to express this with a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “And a woman, when she bleeds from her genitals for many days when it is not the time of her normal menstruation” And a woman, when a flow of her blood flows {for} many days when {it is} not the time of her menstruation 15:25 xrr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry כִּֽי־יָזוּב֩ ז֨וֹב דָּמָ֜הּ 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. Specifically, the word **flow** translates a noun that is related to the verb **flows**. If your language can repeat words in a similar way, consider doing so here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “when her blood flows heavily” when a flow of her blood flows 15:25 psu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִֽי־תָז֖וּב עַל־נִדָּתָ֑הּ 1 This expression refers to a scenario in which the woman bleeds from her genitals during her normal **menstruation** for longer than is typical for her. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “when she bleeds from her genitals during her menstruation period for longer than is typical for her” when she flows beyond her menstruation 15:25 7wwj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־יְמֵ֞י ז֣וֹב טֻמְאָתָ֗הּ כִּימֵ֧י נִדָּתָ֛הּ תִּהְיֶ֖ה 1 This expression refers to the fact that if either of the scenarios described in this verse occurs, the woman should be considered unclean just as if she were normally menstruating. Additionally, the word **days** is being used to denote a period of time. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “for as long as she is bleeding, she shall be considered unclean just like when she is menstruating normally” all the days of the flow of her uncleanness shall be like the days of her menstruation 15:25 nw9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כָּל־יְמֵ֞י ז֣וֹב טֻמְאָתָ֗הּ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe **days** that are characterized by the presence of the woman’s unclean **flow**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “as long as she is bleeding and is unclean” all the days of the flow of her uncleanness 15:25 xvvt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כִּימֵ֧י נִדָּתָ֛הּ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe **days** that are characterized by the presence of the woman’s **menstruation**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “like the period when she normally menstruates” like the days of her menstruation 15:26 i6o3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָלָיו֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י זוֹבָ֔הּ כְּמִשְׁכַּ֥ב נִדָּתָ֖הּ יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑הּ 1 This phrase means that any **bed** on which the woman sits while she is experiencing unusual genital bleeding should be considered unclean just like the bed of a woman who is normally menstruating. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Every bed on which she lies all the days of her flow should be considered to be unclean just like the bed of her menstruation” Every bed on which she lies all the days of her flow shall be to her like the bed of her menstruation 15:26 6lfy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כָּל־יְמֵ֣י זוֹבָ֔הּ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe **days** that are characterized by the presence of the woman’s unclean **flow**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “when she is experiencing unusual genital bleeding” all the days of her flow 15:26 2hha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כְּמִשְׁכַּ֥ב נִדָּתָ֖הּ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe a **bed** that is characterized by its use during the woman’s **menstruation**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “like the bed on which she lays when she is normally menstruating” like the bed of her menstruation 15:26 tb0l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כְּטֻמְאַ֖ת נִדָּתָֽהּ׃ 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe **uncleanness** that comes from the woman’s **menstruation**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “like the uncleanness that she acquires because of her menstruation” like the uncleanness of her menstruation 15:26 wzmh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כְּטֻמְאַ֖ת נִדָּתָֽהּ׃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the words **uncleanness** or **menstruation**, you can express the same ideas with verbal forms. Alternate translation: “like when she is unclean because she is menstruating” like the uncleanness of her menstruation 15:27 46z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בָּ֖ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the woman’s bed and furniture that were described in the previous verse. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referents explicit. Alternate translation: “the bed on which the bleeding woman has laid or the furniture on which the bleeding woman has sat” them 15:28 u50v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאִֽם־טָהֲרָ֖ה מִזּוֹבָ֑הּ 1 This expression refers to the woman recovering from **her flow** and ceasing to bleed from her genitals. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “But if she recovers from her unusual genital bleeding” But if she cleanses {herself} from her flow 15:28 b471 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְאִֽם־טָהֲרָ֖ה מִזּוֹבָ֑הּ 1 The words **she**, **herself**, and **her** refer to the woman who is experiencing unusual genital bleeding. If this would not be clear in your language, consider making the referent explicit. Alternate translation: “But if the woman who is experiencing unusual genital bleeding cleanses herself from the flow of her blood” But if she cleanses {herself} from her flow 15:28 7qqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְסָ֥פְרָה לָּ֛הּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים 1 See how you handled this expression in [15:13](../15/13.md). then she shall count for herself seven days 15:29 97jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י 1 The word **eighth** is the ordinal form of the number eight. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “And on the next day” And on the eighth day 15:29 b126 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:14](../01/14.md). sons of a pigeon 15:30 l9lo וְעָשָׂ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And the priest shall prepare” And the priest shall make 15:30 4yjc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלֶ֤יהָ הַכֹּהֵן֙ 1 See how you handled the abstract noun **atonement** in [1:4](../01/04.md). However, in your translation, be careful not to convey the idea that the woman has sinned and so is in need of **atonement**. Here, atonement removes from the woman the impurity that she acquired from the blood that she has bled. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers in a footnote or in the text of your translation. And the priest shall make atonement for her 15:30 fnul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated this expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). to the face of Yahweh 15:30 ja3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִזּ֖וֹב טֻמְאָתָֽהּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uncleanness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from her flow of blood that made her unclean” from the flow of her uncleanness 15:30 wn8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִזּ֖וֹב טֻמְאָתָֽהּ׃ 1 See how you handled the similar expression in [15:25](../15/25.md). from the flow of her uncleanness 15:31 uip3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וְהִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם 1 Here, **you** is plural. It refers to Aaron and Moses, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. And you shall hold back 15:31 d10e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־ בְּנֵי־ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 See how you handled this way of referring to the people of Israel in [1:2](../01/02.md). the sons of Israel 15:31 4xk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑ם & בְּטֻמְאָתָ֔ם בְּטַמְּאָ֥ם 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. Specifically, the word **uncleanness** comes from a noun that is related to the verb **defiling**. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis. from their uncleanness, & by their uncleanness, by their defiling 15:31 qmq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **uncleanness**, you can express the same idea with “unclean.” Alternate translation: “from becoming unclean” from their uncleanness 15:31 b1mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְלֹ֤א יָמֻ֨תוּ֙ בְּטֻמְאָתָ֔ם בְּטַמְּאָ֥ם אֶת־מִשְׁכָּנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition emphasizes that the people of Israel will die if they defile God’s holy place. If your language does not use repetition for emphasis, you could use a single phrase and convey the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “and they will not die when they are unclean and defile my Dwelling that is in their midst” and they will not die by their uncleanness, by their defiling my Dwelling that {is} in their midst 15:31 zgr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־מִשְׁכָּנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ 1 This expression refers to the tent of meeting, where Yahweh lived among the Israelites. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the holy place where I live in their midst” my Dwelling that {is} in their midst 15:32 pb3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַזָּ֑ב 1 This expression uses the possessive form to describe the **instruction** that is characterized by its referring to the wide variety of bodily charges listed in [15:32–33](../15/32.md). If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a generic expression. Alternate translation: “This is the instruction that has to do with people who have discharges” or “This is the instruction that pertains to people who have discharges” This {is} the instruction of the flowing {person 15:32 a3f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שִׁכְבַת־ זֶ֖רַע 1 See how you handled this expression in [15:16](../15/13.md). a layer of seed 15:32 me3y לְטָמְאָה־בָֽהּ׃ 1 Alternate translation: “and he becomes unclean by it” to become unclean by it 15:33 z57j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַדָּוָה֙ בְּנִדָּתָ֔הּ 1 This expression does not refer to physical sickness but rather to a woman’s experience of normal menstruation. If this would not be clear to your readers, consider stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and of the woman who experiences normal menstruation” and of {the woman} who is sick in her menstruation 15:33 3w5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְהַזָּב֙ אֶת־זוֹב֔וֹ 1 Although the word **his** is masculine, here is it being used in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and of the flowing of any person’s flow” and of the flowing of his flow 15:33 1rqm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry וְהַזָּב֙ אֶת־זוֹב֔וֹ 1 Words are being repeated for emphasis. Specifically, the word **flow** translates a noun that is related to the verb **flowing**. If your language can repeat words in a similar way, consider doing so here. If not, consider using a generic expression. Alternate translation: “and of his flowing discharge” and of the flowing of his flow 15:33 u1j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וּלְאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁכַּ֖ב עִם־טְמֵאָֽה 1 This expression refers to sexual relations between a man and a woman in a polite way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “and of the man who has sexual relations with an unclean woman” and of the man who lies with an unclean {woman 16:intro g4sb 0 # Leviticus 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Holiness\n\nBecause Yahweh is holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. This could only happen on a specific day, by a specific person, and only after they offered the proper sacrifice to make themselves clean. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])\n\n### Day of Atonement\n\nThis chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) 16:1 j5x7 שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן 1 The phrase **the two sons of Aaron** refers to Nadab and Abihu, who died because they brought fire to Yahweh that he did not approve ([Leviticus 10:1–2](../10/01.md)). the two sons of Aaron 16:4 l4te וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־ בַד֮ 1 These **undergarments** were clothing worn next to the skin under the outer clothes. and the linen undergarments 16:4 w2r2 וּבְאַבְנֵ֥ט בַּד֙ 1 A **sash** is a piece of cloth that ties around the waist or chest. and & the linen sash 16:4 cdp7 וּבְמִצְנֶ֥פֶת בַּ֖ד 1 A **turban** is a head covering made from wrapped strips of cloth. and & the linen turban 16:5 sb1l וּמֵאֵ֗ת עֲדַת֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And from the congregation of” And from the congregation of 16:6 pz6c הַחַטָּ֖את אֲשֶׁר־ ל֑וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “as the sin offering for himself” the sin offering, which {is} for himself 16:8 x47b לַעֲזָאזֵֽל 1 Aaron was to have someone set the goat free in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “the scapegoat” or “for the goat that is sent away” to Azazel 16:9 zfb1 אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָלָ֥ה עָלָ֛יו הַגּוֹרָ֖ל 1 Alternate translation: “which the lot designated” on which the lot & fell 16:10 w2u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהַשָּׂעִ֗יר & יָֽעֳמַד־ חַ֛י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But Aaron must bring the goat … alive” But the goat & shall be made to stand living 16:11 gla3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְשָׁחַ֛ט 1 Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And he must slaughter and catch the blood of” And he shall slaughter 16:12 qg8f מְלֹֽא־ הַ֠מַּחְתָּה 1 A **censor** is a container for fire and incense, used by the priests. the fullness of a censer 16:14 q6jm מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר 1 This is the **blood** Aaron caught with a bowl in [Leviticus 16:11](../16/11.md). some of the blood of the bull 16:14 l8cz עַל־ פְּנֵ֥י הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת 1 He put the blood on the top part of the **lid** that was towards him as he entered the most holy place. on the face of the atonement lid 16:14 c3u7 וְלִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת 1 This could mean: (1) “And below the atonement lid onto the chest” or (2) “And onto the ground in front of the atonement lid.” And to the face of the atonement lid 16:15 z5rn וְהִזָּ֥ה אֹת֛וֹ עַל־ הַכַּפֹּ֖רֶת וְלִפְנֵ֥י הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת 1 Aaron sprinkled the blood in the same manner that he did with the bull’s blood. See how you translated the previous instructions in [Leviticus 16:14](../16/14.md). And he shall sprinkle it on the atonement lid and to the face of the atonement lid 16:16 p9s9 וְכִפֶּ֣ר עַל־ הַקֹּ֗דֶשׁ מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 The sins of the people of **Israel** made the **holy place** unclean. And he shall make atonement for the holy place from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel 16:16 p2fa מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ & וּמִפִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם & חַטֹּאתָ֑ם 1 The words **uncleanness**, **rebellion**, and **sins** mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people have committed all kinds of sins. from the uncleanness of & and from their rebellion, & their sins 16:16 ie53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִטֻּמְאֹת֙ 1 Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physically unclean. from the uncleanness of 16:16 c3bl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּת֖וֹךְ טֻמְאֹתָֽם 1 The phrase **their uncleanness** represents the people who commit sinful actions. Alternate translation: “in the presence of people who commit sinful actions” in the midst of their uncleanness 16:18 jra4 וְיָצָ֗א אֶל־ הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵֽי־ יְהוָ֖ה 1 This is the **altar** of sacrifice just inside the courtyard of the tabernacle. And he shall go out to the altar that {is} to the face of Yahweh 16:18 nlh4 וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו 1 Like the holy place and tent of meeting, the altar is unclean because of the sins of the people. and he shall make atonement for it 16:18 ugh7 קַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ 1 The **horns of the altar** refers to the corners of the altar. They are shaped like the horns of an ox. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 4:7](../04/07.md). Alternate translation: “the projections at the corners of the altar” the horns of the altar 16:19 tlc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְטִהֲר֣וֹ 1 Making the altar fit to be used for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the priest were physically cleansing it. And he shall cleanse it 16:19 vez3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְקִדְּשׁ֔וֹ מִטֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 The altar being dedicated to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were being physically separated from the sins of the people. and make it holy from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel 16:19 im8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִטֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Sinful actions which make people unacceptable to Yahweh are spoken of as if they were physical **uncleanness**. from the uncleanness of the sons of Israel 16:20 c4dz וְהִקְרִ֖יב אֶת־ הַשָּׂעִ֥יר הֶחָֽי 1 This **goat** is called the scapegoat in verse [Leviticus 16:10](../16/10.md). and he shall present the living goat 16:21 ak31 וְהִתְוַדָּ֣ה עָלָ֗יו 1 Alternate translation: “and confess over the goat” and he shall confess over it 16:21 xn8e עֲוֺנֹת֙ & פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם & חַטֹּאתָ֑ם 1 The words **wickedness**, **rebellion**, and **sins** mean basically the same thing. Aaron is confessing every kind of sin that the people committed. the iniquity of & their rebellion, & their sins 16:21 luj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְנָתַ֤ן אֹתָם֙ עַל־ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר 1 Aaron’s actions here were a symbolic transfer of the people’s sin to the **goat** as a sign that the goat would bear the punishment for their guilt. And he shall give them on the head of the goat 16:23 d54v וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־ בִּגְדֵ֣י הַבָּ֔ד 1 These were the special **garments** Aaron wore only when he entered the most holy place. and he shall remove the linen clothing 16:24 aje8 וְרָחַ֨ץ אֶת־ בְּשָׂר֤וֹ בַמַּ֨יִם֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָד֔וֹשׁ 1 Here, **holy place** does not refer to the tent of meeting. This was a different place set aside for him to **bathe** himself. And he shall bathe his flesh in the water in a holy place 16:24 am7z וְלָבַ֖שׁ אֶת־ בְּגָדָ֑יו 1 These **garments** were the clothes that Aaron wore for his ordinary duties. and he shall wear his clothes 16:25 i3q5 יַקְטִ֥יר 1 Alternate translation: “Aaron must burn” he shall cause to become smoke 16:26 ux3v וְהַֽמְשַׁלֵּ֤חַ אֶת־ הַשָּׂעִיר֙ לַֽעֲזָאזֵ֔ל יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְרָחַ֥ץ אֶת־ בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּ֑יִם 1 The man was unclean because of his contact with the scapegoat, which carried the sin of the people. And the person sending away the goat to Azazel shall wash his clothes, and he shall bathe his flesh in the water 16:26 wer6 לַֽעֲזָאזֵ֔ל 1 See how you translated this in [Leviticus 16:8](../16/08.md). Alternate translation: “the goat that is sent away” to Azazel 16:27 zfe4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּבָ֤א אֶת־ דָּמָם֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose blood Aaron brought in” whose blood was brought 16:27 w3zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יוֹצִ֖יא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone must carry” shall be brought out 16:27 siz5 אֶת־ עֹרֹתָ֥ם 1 Here, **their** refers to the bull and the goat. A **hide** is the skin of an animal. Alternate translation: “the skins of the bull and the goat” their skins 16:29 xdf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you לָכֶ֖ם 1 The word **you** is plural and refers to the people of Israel. for you 16:29 b4lj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The **tenth day** is near the end of September on the western calendar. in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month 16:29 uo7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִי בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 The words **seventh** and **tenth** are the ordinal forms of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven on day ten of the month” in the seventh month on the tenth day of the month 16:30 x3yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Aaron will make atonement for you” he will make atonement for you 16:30 qxv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְטַהֵ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם & תִּטְהָֽרוּ 1 People who are acceptable for God’s purposes are spoken of as if they were physically made **clean**. to cleanse you & you will be clean 16:31 aut2 שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם 1 This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement. It {is} a sabbath of sabbaths for you 16:32 t3xf תַּ֣חַת אָבִ֑יו 1 When the high priest died, one of his sons would replace him. under his father 16:32 g6n6 בִּגְדֵ֥י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ 1 These **holy garments** were special clothes the high priest must wear when he enters the most holy place. the clothes of holiness 16:33 cx4j כָּל־ עַ֥ם הַקָּהָ֖ל 1 Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” all the people of the assembly 16:34 p82l 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh finishes telling Moses what the people must do on the Day of Atonement. 17:intro eez5 0 # Leviticus 17 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sacrifices\n\nSacrifices could only be offered by the priests at the temple. Any other sacrifice was strictly prohibited. This was probably intended to ensure that the people were only offering sacrifices to Yahweh and not to another god. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### “The life of each creature is its blood”\n\nIt is unclear why the life is described as being in the blood. It is possible that diseases were more common in the blood and this is why it was prohibited. Blood is also necessary for life to continue in a creature. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) 17:4 ykk1 לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “before Yahweh’s tabernacle” before the face of the dwelling of Yahweh 17:4 r4p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been **cut off** from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree” and that man must be cut off from among his people 17:4 zibd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” and that man must be cut off from among his people 17:7 szx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם 1 The people being unfaithful to Yahweh by worshiping false gods is spoken of as if they were prostitutes who sold their bodies for money. Alternate translation: “for which they are unfaithful to Yahweh” whom they prostitute themselves after 17:7 e99c חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־ זֹּ֥את לָהֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹתָֽם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). This will be a permanent statute for them throughout their generations 17:9 zxi2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מֵעַמָּֽיו 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been **cut off from his people**, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people like a branch is cut from a tree” that man must be cut off from his people 17:9 cp6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מֵעַמָּֽיו 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” that man must be cut off from his people 17:10 c9dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַתִּ֣י פָנַ֗י בַּנֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ 1 The idiom **set my face against** means he “firmly decided to oppose.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind to oppose that person” I will set my face against that person 17:10 ppg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽהּ 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been **cut off** from **his people**, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “I will not permit that person to live among his people any longer” or “I will separate that person from his people” and I will cut him off from among his people 17:11 nv7w כִּ֣י נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר֮ בַּדָּ֣ם הִוא֒ & כִּֽי־ הַדָּ֥ם ה֖וּא בַּנֶּ֥פֶשׁ יְכַפֵּֽר 1 This means God uses the **blood** to atone for the sins of the people because the blood is **life**. The people should not consume the blood because it has this special purpose. For the life of the flesh is in its blood, & For it is the blood with the life that atones 17:12 vd5b אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ 1 Here, **I** refers to Yahweh. I said 17:12 c3ee כָּל־ נֶ֥פֶשׁ מִכֶּ֖ם לֹא־ תֹ֣אכַל דָּ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “no one among you may eat meat with blood in it” every person among you must not eat blood 17:13 s1lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that I have said they may eat” that may be eaten 17:14 abd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־ בָּשָׂ֗ר דָּמ֣וֹ 1 This means that the **blood** is enables the creature to be alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “each creature is able to live because of its blood” the life of all flesh is its blood 17:14 z1sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖יו יִכָּרֵֽת 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been **cut off** from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “ Anyone who eats blood must be cut off from his people, as if he were a branch cut from a tree” All who eat it must be cut off 17:14 f360 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ אֹכְלָ֖יו יִכָּרֵֽת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Whoever eats blood may no longer live among his people” or “You must separate from his people anyone who eats blood” All who eat it must be cut off 17:15 bxq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּטְרֵפָ֔ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or that wild animals have killed” or that has been torn by wild animals 17:15 he4j בָּאֶזְרָ֖ח 1 Alternate translation: “among the Israelites” among the native born 17:15 iyc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְטָמֵ֥א & וְטָהֵֽר 1 The person whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically **unclean** and the person whom other people may touch is spoken of as if he were physically **clean**. and he will be unclean & And he will be clean 17:15 fi2a עַד־ הָעֶ֖רֶב 1 Alternate translation: “until sunset” until the evening 17:16 mf2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנָשָׂ֖א עֲוֺנֽוֹ 1 Here a person’s **iniquity** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. then he must carry his iniquity 17:16 ssqc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְנָשָׂ֖א עֲוֺנֽוֹ 1 Here the word **iniquity** represents the punishment for that iniquity. Alternate translation: “then he is responsible for his own iniquity” or “then I will punish him for his sin” then he must carry his iniquity 18:intro q7q3 0 # Leviticus 18 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Uncovering nakedness\n\nTo “uncover nakedness” is a euphemism for having sexual relations with someone. This chapter gives many examples of people with whom Israelites were not to have sexual relations. 18:4 ev4k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֶת־ מִשְׁפָּטַ֧י תַּעֲשׂ֛וּ וְאֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the people must obey everything that Yahweh has commanded them to do. You can translate this parallelism into one statement that conveys the requirement to keep all of Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “You must obey all of my laws and commandments” My laws you must do, and my statutes you must keep 18:4 e2a7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם 1 Obeying Yahweh’s commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “so that you conduct your behavior according to them” so that you walk in them 18:6 sty1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָ֑ה 1 The phrase **to uncover nakedness** is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations” to uncover nakedness 18:7 bbd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֛יךָ וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your father or your mother” The nakedness of your father and the nakedness of your mother you must not uncover 18:7 g9i3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “you must not have sexual relations with her” you must not uncover her nakedness 18:8 z715 אֵֽשֶׁת־ אָבִ֖יךָ 1 Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to have sexual intercourse with any woman married to his father, even if she was not his mother. the wife of your father 18:8 pit9 עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא 1 Alternate translation: “You would dishonor your father” It is the nakedness of your father 18:9 u8th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֽוֹתְךָ֤ בַת־ אָבִ֨יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־ אִמֶּ֔ךָ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת בַּ֔יִת א֖וֹ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת ח֑וּץ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽן 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, born at home or born outside” The nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, born at home or born outside, you must not uncover their nakedness 18:9 i3mf בַת־ אָבִ֨יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־ אִמֶּ֔ךָ 1 This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister even if she has a different mother or father. the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother 18:10 hn2p כִּ֥י עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ הֵֽנָּה 1 Alternate translation: “for you will dishonor yourself as well as them” for they are your nakedness 18:11 g9ak בַּת־ אֵ֤שֶׁת אָבִ֨יךָ֙ 1 This could mean: (1) “your half-sister” or (2) “your stepsister.” Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. your father’s wife’s daughter 18:12 pz5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחוֹת־ אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your father’s sister” The nakedness of your father’s sister you must not uncover 18:14 pwu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶל־ אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְרָ֔ב 1 You may have to make explicit the purpose of the approach. Alternate translation: “do not go to his wife in order to have sexual intercourse with her” to his wife you must not come near 18:15 dj86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with your daughter-in-law” The nakedness of your daughter-in-law you must not uncover 18:15 c463 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “you must not have sexual relations with her” You must not uncover her nakedness 18:16 n7u3 עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא 1 Alternate translation: “if you do that, you will dishonor your brother” That is your brother’s nakedness 18:17 m8gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּבִתָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. See how this is translated in [Leviticus 18:7](../18/07.md). Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with a woman and her daughter” The nakedness of a woman and her daughter you must not uncover 18:17 qj6b לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ 1 Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her” to uncover her nakedness 18:19 sht5 בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ 1 This refers to the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb. in the impurity of her uncleanness 18:19 ar8x לְגַלּ֖וֹת עֶרְוָתָֽהּ 1 Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her” to uncover her nakedness 18:20 l28c אֵ֨שֶׁת֙ עֲמִֽיתְךָ֔ 1 Alternate translation: “any man’s wife” your neighbor’s wife 18:21 t7ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־ תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ 1 The phrase **to pass over to Molech** refers to burning a child in the fire as a sacrifice to the idol Molech. Alternate translation: “You must not burn your children alive for Molech” And you must not give any of your children to cause to pass over to Molech 18:21 v6td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ 1 Here the word **profane** means to dishonor. The word **name**represents God himself. Alternate translation: “And you must not dishonor your God” And you must not profane the name of your God 18:22 z5r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְאֶ֨ת & לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב 1 This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not have sexual relations with” And you must not lie with 18:22 xqv3 תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא 1 Here, **detestable** refers to a violation of the natural order of things as Yahweh intended them to be. That is detestable 18:23 d3wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism לְרִבְעָ֖הּ 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with it” to lie down with it 18:24 zgw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם 1 Here, **the nations** refers to the people groups already living in Canaan. Translate this so the term **nations** is clarified as people. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations … have defiled themselves” the nations & have become unclean 18:25 mm7m וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ 1 Alternate translation: “And the people defiled the land” And the land became unclean 18:25 l4iy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ 1 Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if **the land vomited** the people out. Alternate translation: “I forcibly removed the people from the land” And the land vomited out its inhabitants 18:25 smuk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ 1 The **land** is spoken of as if it were a person who could vomit. And the land vomited out its inhabitants 18:26 le34 מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה 1 Alternate translation: “any of these disgusting things” any of these detestable things 18:28 a2rf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם & קָאָ֛ה 1 Yahweh forcibly removing the people from the land is spoken of as if the land **vomited** the people out. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). so the land does not vomit you out & it vomited out 18:28 ukwe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְלֹֽא־ תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם & קָאָ֛ה 1 The land is spoken of as if it were a person who could **vomit**. See how you translated these phrases in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). so the land does not vomit you out & it vomited out 18:29 kls3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם 1 People being excluded from the community is spoken of as if they had been **cut off** from their people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “the people who do these things must be separated from their people as a branch is cut from a tree” the people who do such things will be cut off from among their people 18:29 i0lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must separate the who do such things from their people” the people who do such things will be cut off from among their people 18:30 cz9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which the people did here before you came” which were done before you 18:30 k2fr בָּהֶ֑ם 1 Here, **them** refers to the detestable customs. by them 19:intro q5dy 0 # Leviticus 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Obeying Yahweh\n\nBeing holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person’s life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person’s life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) 19:3 h3qu שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ 1 Alternate translation: “you must observe my sabbaths” or “you must respect my day of rest” you must keep my sabbaths 19:4 h2g1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־ תִּפְנוּ֙ אֶל־ הָ֣אֱלִילִ֔ים 1 Worshiping **idols** is spoken of as if it were physically turning towards them. Alternate translation: “Do not begin to worship worthless idols” Do not turn to worthless idols 19:5 us48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּחֻֽהוּ 1 This could mean: (1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept you” or (2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate translation: “you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice” you must sacrifice it for your acceptance 19:6 l911 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֖ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must eat it” it must be eaten 19:6 en6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהַנּוֹתָר֙ עַד־ י֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must burn up in the fire what is left until the third day” and what is left until the third day must be burned up in the fire 19:7 prl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאִ֛ם הֵאָכֹ֥ל יֵאָכֵ֖ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if you eat any of it” And if it is eaten at all 19:7 x3pj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה 1 To eat the offering after the designated time is against God and increases the guilt the offering was to cover. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You may not accept it for eating” It will not be accepted 19:8 z5l5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאֹֽכְלָיו֙ עֲוֺנ֣וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א 1 A person’s **iniquity** is spoken of as if it were a physical object that the person carries. And the one who eats it must carry his iniquity 19:8 zfbb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְאֹֽכְלָיו֙ עֲוֺנ֣וֹ יִשָּׂ֔א 1 Here the word **iniquity** represents the punishment for that sin. Alternate translation: “And everyone who eats the sacrifice is responsible for his own sin” or “Yahweh will punish the sin of everyone who eats the sacrifice” And the one who eats it must carry his iniquity 19:8 hb89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from among his people as a branch is cut from a tree” and that person must be cut off from his people 19:8 e7hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” and that person must be cut off from his people 19:9 qum7 וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶם֙ אֶת־ קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֔ם לֹ֧א תְכַלֶּ֛ה פְּאַ֥ת שָׂדְךָ֖ 1 Alternate translation: “And when you gather your crops, do not gather all the way to the edges of your fields” And when you harvest the harvest of your land, you must not completely & the edge of your field 19:9 nrx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תְלַקֵּֽט 1 This refers to the practice of going back over the fields a second time to gather any produce that remained after the first time. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind” and you must not gather the gleaning of your harvest 19:12 ivh5 וְלֹֽא־ תִשָּׁבְע֥וּ בִשְׁמִ֖י לַשָּׁ֑קֶר 1 Alternate translation: “And do not use my name to swear about something that is not true” And you must not swear by my name falsely 19:13 j36g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־ תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק אֶת־ רֵֽעֲךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א תִגְזֹ֑ל 1 Here, **neighbor** means “anyone.” The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt or rob anyone” You must not oppress your neighbor and you must not rob 19:13 ryj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־ תָלִ֞ין פְּעֻלַּ֥ת שָׂכִ֛יר אִתְּךָ֖ עַד־ בֹּֽקֶר 1 Yahweh commands the employer to pay his servant promptly when his work is done that day. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. The wages of a hired worker must not stay all night with you until morning 19:15 e8ze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־ תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֨וֶל֙ בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֔ט 1 The double negative **not … injustice** is used for emphasis. It can be expressed in a positive way. Alternate translation: “Always judge rightly” You must not do injustice in judgment 19:15 v6dl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism לֹא־ תִשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־ דָ֔ל וְלֹ֥א תֶהְדַּ֖ר פְּנֵ֣י גָד֑וֹל 1 The words **poor** and **great** are two extremes, which together mean “anyone.” You can translate this to clarify the terms. Alternate translation: “You must not show favoritism to anyone based on how much money they have” You must not lift up the face of the poor, and you must not give preference to the face of the great 19:15 z3gy בְּצֶ֖דֶק תִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט עֲמִיתֶֽךָ 1 Alternate translation: “Judge everyone according to what is right” In justice you must judge your neighbor 19:16 w42w רָכִיל֙ 1 A **slanderer** is someone who says untrue, hurtful messages about other people. as a slanderer 19:17 t7s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־ תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־ אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ 1 Continually hating a person is spoken of as if it were hating a person in the **heart**. Alternate translation: “Do not continually hate your brother” You must not hate your brother in your heart 19:17 mu1a הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֨יחַ֙ אֶת־ עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “You must correct your fellow Israelite who is sinning” You must surely rebuke your fellow citizen 19:20 f982 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” lies with 19:20 w5nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נֶחֱרֶ֣פֶת לְאִ֔ישׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom someone promised to give to a man as his wife” who is promised to a man 19:20 uw2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהָפְדֵּה֙ לֹ֣א נִפְדָּ֔תָה א֥וֹ חֻפְשָׁ֖ה לֹ֣א נִתַּן־ לָ֑הּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but whom her future husband has not ransomed or given her freedom” and she has not been ransomed at all or freedom has not been given to her 19:20 nfy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יוּמְת֖וּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not kill them” They must not be put to death 19:21 ea3a וְהֵבִ֤יא אֶת־ אֲשָׁמוֹ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֶל־ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד אֵ֖יל אָשָֽׁם 1 Alternate translation: “And a man must bring a ram as a guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting” And he must bring his guilt offering to Yahweh to the entrance of the tent of meeting—a ram as a guilt offering 19:22 ff4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִסְלַ֣ח ל֔וֹ מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sin which he has committed” And it will be forgiven him for his sin which he has sinned 19:23 ge88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַעֲרַלְתֶּ֥ם עָרְלָת֖וֹ אֶת־ פִּרְי֑וֹ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם עֲרֵלִ֖ים לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל 1 Yahweh repeats the prohibition in order to emphasize it and to clarify that it is in force for the first three years that the tree bears fruit. Translate this to clarify the period of time the trees must be left alone. Alternate translation: “then you must consider the fruit of the trees to be unclean for the first three years and not eat any of it until after that” then you must regard its fruit as being uncircumcised in its foreskin. Three years it will be uncircumcised for you. It must not be eaten 19:23 qi36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not eat it” It must not be eaten 19:29 h86v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה 1 Here both occurrences of the word **land** represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” and the land will not fall to prostitution and the land become full of wickedness 19:29 poqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹא־ תִזְנֶ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמָלְאָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ זִמָּֽה 1 Many people practicing **prostitution** and other wicked deeds is spoken of as if the they have fallen into or become full of those things. Alternate translation: “the people will begin to practice prostitution and many wicked things” and the land will not fall to prostitution and the land become full of wickedness 19:31 r7ep הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־ הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים 1 The **necromancers** were people who claimed to speak with dead people. The **soothsayers** claimed to be able to predict what will happen in the future. The Israelites were not allowed to have anything to do with these people. the necromancers or to the soothsayers 19:31 d3wn אַל־ תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטָמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “Do not seek those people out. If you do, they will defile you” Do not seek to become unclean by them 19:32 han2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction תָּק֔וּם 1 Standing up in front of someone is a sign of respect. you must rise 19:32 kg1f שֵׂיבָה֙ 1 A **gray-haired person** refers to a person whose hair has turned gray from age, or “an old person.” the gray-haired person 19:35 l6ke לֹא־ תַעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּמִּדָּ֕ה בַּמִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה 1 This prohibits the practice of intentionally using instruments that give inaccurate readings when measuring things. You must not do injustice in judgment, in measurement of length, in weight, or in quantity 19:36 wsl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume אֵ֥יפַת צֶ֛דֶק 1 An **ephah** was a measurement for grain. a just ephah 19:36 s1cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume וְהִ֥ין צֶ֖דֶק 1 A **hin** was a measurement for liquids. and a just hin 19:37 m4f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם & וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם 1 These phrases mean the same thing and emphasize the command for obedience. And you must keep & and you must do 20:intro tvf2 0 # Leviticus 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Punishments for serious sins\n\nThis chapter compiles a list of serious sins. The most serious sins are punished by death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Euphemism\n\n“To see someone’s nakedness” means to live as husband wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe phrase “you must carry your own guilt” is a metaphor. It is unknown what this means, but it is possible it indicates a penalty of death. 20:2 b75v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן מִזַּרְע֛וֹ לַמֹּ֖לֶךְ 1 Those who worshiped **Molech** sacrificed their children to him by means of fire. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech” who gives any of his offspring to Molech 20:2 wp2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people in the land must certainly stone him to death” must certainly be put to death 20:3 h93p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַאֲנִ֞י אֶתֵּ֤ן אֶת־ פָּנַי֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא 1 The idiom ***set me face** means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “And I have made up my mind to oppose that man” And I also will set my face against that man 20:3 t5xb כִּ֤י מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ נָתַ֣ן לַמֹּ֔לֶךְ 1 Se how you translated a similar phrase in [20:2](../20/02.md). Alternate translation: “he has sacrificed his child” For he has given his offspring to Molech 20:3 blk3 לְמַ֗עַן טַמֵּא֙ אֶת־ מִקְדָּשִׁ֔י וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי 1 Alternate translation: “and by doing that, he has defiled my holy place and profaned my holy name” so as to make my holy place unclean and to profane my holy name 20:3 qcs4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְחַלֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׁ֥ם קָדְשִֽׁי 1 Here God’s **name** represents God and his reputation. Alternate translation: “and to dishonor my reputation” or “and to dishonor me” and to profane my holy name 20:4 u6g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַעְלֵ֣ם יַעְלִימֽוּ֩ עַ֨ם הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־ עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ מִן־ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא 1 The phrase **to cause their eyes to be hidden** implies they do not see that thing. This speaks of ignoring something as closing the eyes. Alternate translation: “the people of the land disregard that man at all” or “the people of the land even partially ignore that man” the people of the land cause their eyes to be hidden at all from that man 20:5 ehp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־ הַזֹּנִ֣ים אַחֲרָ֗יו לִזְנ֛וֹת אַחֲרֵ֥י הַמֹּ֖לֶךְ 1 This phrase compares those who are unfaithful to Yahweh to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “who is unfaithful to Yahweh” all the ones who prostitute themselves after him, by prostituting themselves after Molech 20:6 f771 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִזְנ֖וֹת אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם 1 This phrase compares the unfaithful people to prostitutes. Alternate translation: “by doing that, they seek advice from the spirits rather than from me” so as to prostitute themselves after them 20:6 f2f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ פָּנַי֙ בַּנֶּ֣פֶשׁ הַהִ֔וא 1 The idiom **set my face** means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “I have made up my mind that I will oppose that person” I will set my face against that person 20:8 s4bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם 1 The words **keep** and **do** mean basically the same thing. They are used together in order to emphasize that the people must obey God. And you must keep my statutes and do them 20:9 n5cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must surely put him to death” he must surely be put to death 20:10 a9y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מֽוֹת־ יוּמַ֥ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must certainly put both of them to death” must certainly be put to death 20:11 p7fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־ אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו 1 This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Some languages use more direct phrases such as “has sex with his father’s wife.” lies with & s wife, & his father 20:12 vcw5 תֶּ֥בֶל עָשׂ֖וּ 1 Here God calls a man having sex with his son’s wife a **perversion**, an especially serious sin. See how you translated **perversion** in [Leviticus 18:23](../18/23.md). They have committed perversion 20:13 erg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” lies with 20:13 b2rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה 1 The way he treats the man is the same way he would treat **a woman**. Alternate translation: “just like he would with a woman” as one lies with a woman 20:13 t53e תּוֹעֵבָ֥ה 1 Alternate translation: “something detestable” or “something detestable” a detestable thing 20:13 au83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must surely put them to death” They must surely be put to death 20:14 du7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בָּאֵ֞שׁ יִשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ וְאֶתְהֶ֔ן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must burn to death in the fire both the man and the women” In the fire they must be burned, he and they 20:15 h6tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism יִתֵּ֧ן שְׁכָבְתּ֛וֹ בִּבְהֵמָ֖ה 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with an animal” lies with an animal 20:15 c3hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must surely put him to death” he must surely be put to death 20:16 wb4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism לְרִבְעָ֣ה אֹתָ֔הּ 1 This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with it” to lie with it 20:16 k7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְהָרַגְתָּ֥ אֶת־ הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־ הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ 1 Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that **the woman and animal** must die. then you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death 20:16 yw4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must certainly put them to death” They must certainly be put to death 20:17 x8tw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism יִקַּ֣ח 1 This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” takes 20:17 cv3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּת־ אָבִ֣יו א֣וֹ בַת־ אִ֠מּוֹ 1 This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister, even if she has a different **mother** or **father**. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “whether it is his full sister or half-sister” a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mother 20:17 d1dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְרָאָ֨ה אֶת־ עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ וְהִֽיא־ תִרְאֶ֤ה אֶת־ עֶרְוָתוֹ֙ 1 This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Alternate translation: “they have sexual relations” and he sees her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness 20:17 d2px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹת֛וֹ גִּלָּ֖ה 1 This is a polite way of referring to sexual activity. Alternate translation: “He has had sexual relations with his sister” He has uncovered the nakedness of his sister 20:17 hc1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עֲוֺנ֥וֹ יִשָּֽׂא 1 This phrase means the man is responsible for his sin. Alternate translation: “He is responsible for his sin” or “You must punish him for his sin” He must bear his iniquity 20:18 azt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־ אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה 1 This is a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation: “And if a man has sexual relations with a menstruating woman” And if a man lies with a menstruating woman 20:18 ay1j אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה 1 This means it is the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb. a menstruating woman 20:18 xtb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ 1 This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. he has exposed her flow and she has uncovered the flow of her blood 20:18 ym6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־ מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־ מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ 1 The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they have done a shameful thing by exposing and uncovering the flow of her blood” he has exposed her flow and she has uncovered the flow of her blood 20:18 p47v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם 1 People being excluded from their community is spoken of as if they had been **cut off from their people**, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “And both of them must be cut off among their people as a branch is cut from a tree” And both of them must be cut off from among their people 20:18 e4mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person may no longer live among his people” or “you must separate that person from his people” And both of them must be cut off from among their people 20:18 z4zf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם 1 It can be stated clearly why this must be done. Alternate translation: “Because they have done this shameful thing, both the man and woman must be cut off” And both of them must be cut off 20:19 t9ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְעֶרְוַ֨ת אֲח֧וֹת אִמְּךָ֛ וַאֲח֥וֹת אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה 1 This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “You must not have sexual relations with your mother’s sister” And the nakedness of your mother’s sister, or your father’s sister, you must not uncover 20:19 rdn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עֲוֺנָ֥ם יִשָּֽׂאוּ 1 The idiom “carry your own guilt” means “you are responsible for your own sin.” Alternate translation: “They are responsible for their own sin” or “You must punish them for their sin” They must bear their iniquity 20:20 kt2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־ דֹּ֣דָת֔וֹ 1 This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “And if a man has sexual relations with his aunt” And if a man lies with his aunt 20:21 a99a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִקַּ֛ח אֶת־ אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יו 1 This could mean: (1) this is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “If a man has sexual relations with his brother’s wife” or (2) it simply means “to marry.” And if a man takes his brother’s wife 20:22 qs8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹא־ תָקִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּה לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽהּ 1 This phrase describes the removal of the people from **the land** as if they were bad food that a person vomits out. See how you translated this metaphor in [Leviticus 18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you” and the land which I am bringing you there to dwell in will not vomit you out 20:22 g9ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְלֹא־ תָקִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֥יא אֶתְכֶ֛ם שָׁ֖מָּה לָשֶׁ֥בֶת בָּֽהּ 1 Here, **the land** is describes as if it were a person who could **vomit**. Alternate translation: “the land to which I am bringing you will not reject you” and the land which I am bringing you there to dwell in will not vomit you out 20:23 lmg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ בְּחֻקֹּ֣ת הַגּ֔וֹי 1 Doing the actions of idol worshipers is spoken of as walking in their ways. Alternate translation: “And you must not act like the nations” And you must not walk in the statutes of the nations 20:23 ry5q אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ 1 Alternate translation: “I will remove” I will drive out 20:24 bt1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ 1 The phrase **flowing with milk and honey** means “that is rich and productive with enough food for everyone.” Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” or “a productive land” a land flowing with milk and honey 20:26 jdt7 וָאַבְדִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֛ם 1 Alternate translation: “and I have distinguished you” or “and I have set you apart” and I have separated you 20:27 kt2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑תוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they must certainly put them to death” they must certainly be put to death 21:intro l1al 0 # Leviticus 21 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Priests must be holy\n\nPriests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) 21:1 nwz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־ יִטַּמָּ֖א 1 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically **unclean**. he must not make himself unclean 21:1 gv2c בְּעַמָּֽיו 1 Alternate translation: “among the Israelites” among his people 21:3 kba1 הַבְּתוּלָה֙ 1 The word **virgin** is sometimes translated as “young woman.” virgin 21:5 fy55 וּפְאַ֥ת זְקָנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יְגַלֵּ֑חוּ 1 It is impossible to be certain what the writer intended here. This could mean: (1) shave off certain parts of their beards or (2) cut or shave any part of their beards. and they must not shave off the corner of their beard 21:6 q1bp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹ֣א יְחַלְּל֔וּ שֵׁ֖ם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם 1 This word **name** is used to represent Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “and they must not disgrace God’s reputation” or “and they must not disgrace their God” and they must not profane the name of their God 21:6 t99p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶ֧חֶם אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֛ם 1 Here, **bread** represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God. the bread of their God 21:6 vam1 וְהָ֥יוּ קֹֽדֶשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “so they must be set apart” so they must be holy 21:7 h4wf לֹ֣א יִקָּ֔חוּ & לֹ֣א יִקָּ֑חוּ 1 Alternate translation: “The priest must not take … the priest must not take” He must not take & he must not take 21:7 bxx7 כִּֽי־ קָדֹ֥שׁ ה֖וּא 1 Alternate translation: “For he is set apart” For he is holy 21:8 aim5 וְקִדַּשְׁתּ֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “And you people must treat the priest as holy” And you will make him holy 21:8 t6iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כִּֽי־ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ ה֣וּא מַקְרִ֑יב 1 Here, **bread** represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food. for he is the one who offers the bread of your God 21:8 l82b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive קָדֹשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶה־ לָּ֔ךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must regard him as holy” He must be holy for you 21:9 i1i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּשָּׂרֵֽף 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must burn her to death” she must be burned 21:10 jhq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ 1 This is a reference to the **anointing** **oil** used in the ceremony consecrating a new the high priest. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. the oil of anointing 21:10 i6rn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲֽשֶׁר־ יוּצַ֥ק עַל־ רֹאשׁ֣וֹ׀ שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ וּמִלֵּ֣א אֶת־ יָד֔וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on whose head they poured anointing oil and whose hand they filled” who has had the oil of anointing poured upon his head and has had his hand filled 21:10 bg4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־ רֹאשׁוֹ֙ לֹ֣א יִפְרָ֔ע וּבְגָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִפְרֹֽם 1 Loose hair and torn **clothes** were signs of mourning. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he must not mourn for dead relatives” he must not let his head be unbound and he must not tear his clothes 21:12 wlv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּמִן־ הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א יֵצֵ֔א 1 This does not mean the high priest could never **leave**. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who died. And he must not leave from the holy place 21:14 sbf8 מֵעַמָּ֖יו 1 Alternate translation: “from among his own tribe, the tribe of Levi” from his people 21:15 u8zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלֹֽא־ יְחַלֵּ֥ל זַרְע֖וֹ בְּעַמָּ֑יו 1 By marrying an unholy or ungodly woman, the priest would have children unworthy to be priest. Alternate translation: “And he will not have unworthy children by marrying an ungodly woman” And he will not profane his offspring among his people 21:17 hsd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א יִקְרַ֔ב לְהַקְרִ֖יב לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהָֽיו 1 The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must not come to burn the burnt offering of food on God’s altar” must not come near to offer food to his God 21:18 v2na לֹ֣א יִקְרָ֑ב 1 A priest had to meet specific physical standards in order to approach Yahweh. This does not imply that physical defects were the result of immorality or that all people with physical defects are unable to approach Yahweh. must not come near 21:21 x45u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֵ֚ת לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו לֹ֥א יִגַּ֖שׁ לְהַקְרִֽיב 1 Here, **bread** represents food in general. Alternate translation: “He must not make burnt offering of food on God’s altar” He must not approach to offer the bread of his God 21:22 m8mz לֶ֣חֶם אֱלֹהָ֔יו מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּמִן־ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים יֹאכֵֽל 1 Parts of the sacrifices belonged to the priests and could be eaten. Alternate translation: “He may eat the food offering of his God, some of the holiest holy things and some of the holy things” The food of his God, some of the holiest holy things and some of the holy things, he may eat 21:22 n6gw יֹאכֵֽל 1 Here, **he** refers to the priest with the bodily defect. he may eat 21:22 f3nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִקָּדְשֵׁ֖י הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑ים וּמִן־ הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים 1 This also refers to the food that was sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “some of the sacrifices offered in the most holy place or some of the sacrifices offered in the holy place” some of the holiest holy things and some of the holy things 21:24 m5k8 וְאֶל־ בָּנָ֑יו 1 Alternate translation: “and to Aaron’s sons” and to his sons 22:intro d2sr 0 # Leviticus 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Holy things\n\nPriests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) 22:2 xs6u וְיִנָּֽזְרוּ֙ מִקָּדְשֵׁ֣י 1 Yahweh is about to describe situations where a priest is unclean and not allowed to touch holy things. Alternate translation: “that there are times when they should keep away from the holy things” that they must deal respectfully with the holy things of 22:2 r1dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹ֥א יְחַלְּל֖וּ אֶת־ שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֑י 1 The word **profane** here means to dishonor. The word **name** represents Yahweh’s character. Alternate translation: “And they must not dishonor my reputation” or “And they must not dishonor me” And they must not profane my holy name 22:3 t1cx לְדֹרֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם 1 Alternate translation: “from now on” Throughout your generations 22:3 psy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו 1 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. Alternate translation: “while he is unclean” and his uncleanness is upon him 22:3 ewt8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַהִ֛וא מִלְּפָנַ֖י 1 A priest no longer being able to serve Yahweh is spoken of as if that person had been cut off from Yahweh’s presence, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. Alternate translation: “that person must be cut off from before me as a branch is cut from a tree” that person must be cut off from before my face 22:3 uwch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֧פֶשׁ הַהִ֛וא מִלְּפָנַ֖י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that person will no longer be able to serve as a priest” that person must be cut off from before my face 22:4 bbd6 צָר֨וּעַ֙ 1 This refers to a disease on the skin easily spread from one person to another. one with a skin disease 22:4 j2zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַ֖ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְהָ֑ר 1 A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically **clean**. until he becomes clean 22:4 r3xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהַנֹּגֵ֨עַ֙ בְּכָל־ טְמֵא 1 Something that Yahweh has said is unfit to touch or eat is spoken of as if it were physically **unclean**. And the one who touches anything unclean 22:5 in85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגַּ֔ע בְּכָל־ שֶׁ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ ל֑וֹ א֤וֹ בְאָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִטְמָא־ ל֔וֹ 1 This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person” a man who touches any swarming thing that makes him unclean, or a person who makes him unclean 22:6 a8tz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֚פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּגַּע־ בּ֔וֹ וְטָמְאָ֖ה 1 A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically **unclean**. the person who touches it will be unclean 22:6 v9vm עַד־ הָעָ֑רֶב 1 Alternate translation: “until sunset” until the evening 22:7 w1dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְטָהֵ֑ר 1 A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically **clean**. Alternate translation: “then he will be considered clean” then he will be clean 22:8 tve2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נְבֵלָ֧ה וּטְרֵפָ֛ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “an animal that someone found dead or that a wild animal has killed” an animal found dead or killed by wild animals 22:12 dg4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּתְרוּמַ֥ת הַקֳּדָשִׁ֖ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **contributions**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the holy offerings which people have contributed” the contributions of the holy things 22:14 rd8r וְיָסַ֤ף חֲמִֽשִׁיתוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו וְנָתַ֥ן לַכֹּהֵ֖ן אֶת־ הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ 1 This could mean: (1) that the person had to replace the food that he had eaten with the same kind of food or (2) that the person had to pay money to the priest for the food that he had eaten. then he must add its fifth on it and give the holy thing to the priest 22:14 kg3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction חֲמִֽשִׁיתוֹ֙ 1 The term **its fifth** refers to one part out of five equal parts. its fifth 22:15 qr33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־ יָרִ֖ימוּ 1 Here the phrase **lifted up** refers to a symbolic gesture of respect that represents offering something to Yahweh. It means basically the same thing as “presented.” Alternate translation: “that they offered” that they lifted up 22:16 dbv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה 1 Here, **guilt** is spoken of as if it were an object that people can carry. and cause themselves to bear the guilt of the guilt offering 22:16 t742 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהִשִּׂ֤יאוּ אוֹתָם֙ עֲוֺ֣ן אַשְׁמָ֔ה 1 This could mean: (1) they would be responsible for their sin and so become guilty. Alternate translation: “they would be guilty for the sin that they committed” or (2) the word **guilt** is a metonym for punishment for the sin that they committed. Alternate translation: “they would receive the punishment because they are guilty” and cause themselves to bear the guilt of the guilt offering 22:18 nkn4 הַגֵּ֣ר 1 Alternate translation: “the foreigner” the sojourners 22:19 fhu4 לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “in order for Yahweh to accept it” for your acceptance 22:21 z634 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְרָצ֔וֹן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for me to accept it” or “for Yahweh to accept it” to be accepted 22:22 x2kp שָׁב֜וּר אוֹ־ חָר֣וּץ 1 The words **disabled** and **maimed** refer to defects caused by accidents. disabled, & maimed, or 22:22 x5xy יַבֶּ֗לֶת א֤וֹ גָרָב֙ א֣וֹ יַלֶּ֔פֶת 1 The words **warts**, **eczema**, and **scabs** refer to types of skin diseases. or & that have warts, & eczema, or scabs 22:23 d9zb שָׂר֣וּעַ וְקָל֑וּט 1 The words **deformed** and**small** refer to defects the animal has from birth. that is deformed or stunted 22:23 tmi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יֵרָצֶֽה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not accept it” or “Yahweh will not accept it” it will not be accepted 22:25 as6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּמִיַּ֣ד בֶּן־ נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם בָּהֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔ם 1 Here the word **hand** represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer as food to your God any deformed animal from a foreigner” And from the hand of the son of a foreigner you must not offer the food of your God from any of these because their deformity is in them and a defect is in them 22:25 pe4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם 1 God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God’s altar, and they would eat some of the meat. Alternate translation: “you must not present an animal as a food offering to your God” you must not offer the food of your God 22:25 n9fu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּמִיַּ֣ד בֶּן־ נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־ לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם בָּהֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔ם 1 It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: “And you must not offer to your God any animal that a foreigner has castrated, because that animal is deformed as a result” And from the hand of the son of a foreigner you must not offer the food of your God from any of these because their deformity is in them and a defect is in them 22:25 zq7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יֵרָצ֖וּ לָכֶֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not accept them from you” They will not be accepted for you 22:27 m6tu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵרָצֶ֕ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you may accept it” it may be accepted 22:27 z5ck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אִשֶּׁ֖ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for a burnt offering” an offering made by fire 22:30 a239 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵאָכֵ֔ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must eat it” it must be eaten 22:31 x62z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ מִצְוֺתַ֔י וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם 1 The words **keep** and **do** mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey God’s commands. Alternate translation: “you must obey my commandments” And you must keep my commandments and you must do them 22:32 nc63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְלֹ֤א תְחַלְּלוּ֙ אֶת־ שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֔י 1 Here the word **name** represents Yahweh himself and his reputation and **profane** means to remove the honor that belongs to God as Creator and Lord of the universe. Alternate translation: “And you must not dishonor me, for I am holy” or “And you must not dishonor my holy reputation” And you must not profane my holy name 22:32 dq3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִ֨קְדַּשְׁתִּ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel must treat me as holy” I must be treated as holy in the midst of the sons of Israel 23:intro j29n 0 # Leviticus 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The feasts\n\nThe people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) 23:2 v493 מוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 These refers to festivals that the Lord had **appointed** to happen on specific dates. The people were to worship him at these festivals. Alternate translation: “the festivals for Yahweh” or “Yahweh’s festivals” the appointed times of Yahweh 23:3 vk4w וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ 1 The people must **rest** habitually on the **seventh day**. After every six days in which they can work, they must rest on the seventh day. and on the seventh day is a sabbath of solemn rest 23:3 t53y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִקְרָא־ קֹ֔דֶשׁ 1 The requirement that people assemble to worship God on that day is spoken of as if that day were the **assembly**. Alternate translation: “a holy day, when you must assemble together to worship me” a holy assembly 23:4 l6ez בְּמוֹעֲדָֽם 1 Alternate translation: “at their proper times” at their appointed times 23:5 nv3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **first month** of the Hebrew calendar marks when Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fourteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. In the first month, on day 14 of the month 23:5 p2bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן 1 The word **first** is the ordinal form of “one”. Alternate translation: “In month one” In the first month 23:5 bbn4 בֵּ֣ין הָעַרְבָּ֑יִם 1 Alternate translation: “at sunset” between the evenings 23:6 b47g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths וּבַחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֔ה 1 Here, **this month** is the first month of the Hebrew calendar (verse 5). It was in the first month that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The fifteenth day is around the beginning of April on the Western calendar. And on day 15 of this month 23:7 z6ky בַּיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן מִקְרָא־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “You must set apart the first day to gather together” or “You must treat the first day as different and gather together” On the first day there will be a holy assembly for you 23:8 fd7s וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֛ה 1 They would present the **offering** to Yahweh by burning it on the altar. And you will offer an offering made by fire 23:8 eif1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ מִקְרָא־ קֹ֔דֶשׁ 1 The requirement that people assemble on that day is spoken of as if that day were an **assembly**. Being **holy** means that when they assemble, they must worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The seventh day is a day when you must assemble together to worship Yahweh” On day seven is a holy assembly 23:11 l79v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לִֽרְצֹנְכֶ֑ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh to accept it for you” or “and I will accept it for you” to be accepted for you 23:13 js1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים 1 An **ephah** is 22 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” two-tenths of an ephah of 23:13 awi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין 1 A **hin** is 3.7 liters. Alternate translation: “a liter” a fourth of a hin of 23:14 ge4f חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם 1 This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). It is a permanent statute throughout your generations 23:16 aa6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ת 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal for number seven. seventh 23:17 wz93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive שְׁ֚תַּיִם שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים סֹ֣לֶת תִּהְיֶ֔ינָה חָמֵ֖ץ תֵּאָפֶ֑ינָה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They must be two loaves of bread that you have made from two-tenths of an ephah of flour and then baked with yeast” They must be two loaves of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour. They must be baked with yeast 23:17 sd2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים 1 An **ephah** is 22 liters. Two-tenths of an ephah is is approximately 4.4 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” two & tenths of an ephah of 23:18 t6w3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵֽיחַ־ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַיהוָֽה 1 The Lord’s pleasure with the **aroma** represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be pleased with you” or “that pleases the Yahweh” a sweet aroma for Yahweh 23:22 cza3 וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶ֞ם אֶת־ קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֗ם לֹֽא־ תְכַלֶּ֞ה פְּאַ֤ת שָֽׂדְךָ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And when you gather your crops, do not gather them all the way to the edges of your fields” And when you harvest the harvest of your land, you must not finish the edge of your field 23:24 awp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ 1 This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. In the seventh month, on day one of the month 23:24 im9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “In month seven” In the seventh month 23:24 j9ft שַׁבָּת֔וֹן 1 This was a period of time that was only for worship and not for work. a solemn rest 23:25 axe7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and you must offer a sacrifice that you make by fire to Yahweh” or “and you must burn an offering on the altar to Yahweh” and you must offer a sacrifice made by fire to Yahweh 23:27 b777 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה 1 This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. on day 10 of this seventh month 23:27 qtyo rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal לַחֹדֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” of this seventh month 23:27 ei44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown י֧וֹם הַכִּפֻּרִ֣ים 1 On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness” the Day of Atonement 23:29 vh74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 Being excluded is spoken of as being **cut off**. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). Alternate translation: “then he must be cut off from his people as a branch is cut off” then he must be cut off from his people 23:29 yhns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִכְרְתָ֖ה מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then you must exclude him from his people” or “then you must separate that person from his people” then he must be cut off from his people 23:30 a1cb בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “on the Day of Atonement” on that very day 23:31 w1ug חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם 1 This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). It is a permanent statute throughout your generations 23:32 vhl2 שַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הוּא֙ 1 This is not the same as the Sabbath they observed every week on the seventh day. This was a special Sabbath on the Day of Atonement. It is a sabbath of solemn rest 23:32 qw7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם 1 In this case humbling themselves implies that they would not eat any food. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and you must humble yourselves and eat nothing” and you must humble yourselves 23:32 jwy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּתִשְׁעָ֤ה לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ 1 This refers to the seventh **month** of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth **day** is near the end of September on Western calendars. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the ninth day of the seventh month” on day nine of the month 23:32 q4wj מֵעֶ֣רֶב עַד־ עֶ֔רֶב 1 Alternate translation: “From sunset to sunset on the next day” From evening until evening 23:34 u83n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֜ר י֗וֹם לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ 1 This date is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. On day 15 of the seventh month 23:34 gg6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal לַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” of the seventh month 23:34 by89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown חַ֧ג הַסֻּכּ֛וֹת 1 This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt. is the Festival of Huts 23:37 ul95 אֵ֚לֶּה מוֹעֲדֵ֣י 1 This refers to the festivals mentioned in 23:1–36. These are & appointed times of 23:39 s52d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The fifteenth day is near the beginning of October on Western calendars. on day 15 of the seventh month 23:39 fsue rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 The word **seventh** is the ordinal form of “seven”. Alternate translation: “of month seven” of the seventh month 23:39 mz9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּאָסְפְּכֶם֙ אֶת־ תְּבוּאַ֣ת 1 The word **produce** here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate translation: “after you have gathered the crops of” when you have gathered the produce of 23:40 ven2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּפֹּ֣ת תְּמָרִ֔ים וַעֲנַ֥ף עֵץ־ עָבֹ֖ת וְעַרְבֵי־ נָ֑חַל 1 Possible uses for these **branches** are: (1) to make temporary shelters or (2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit. branches of palm trees, and branches of leafy trees, and willows of the stream 23:40 cnz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְעַרְבֵי 1 The **willows** are trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water. and willows of 24:intro hb64 0 # Leviticus 24 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Cursing God\n\nThe punishment for someone who curses God is to have stones thrown at him until he is dead. This was acceptable in ancient Israel, but it is no longer considered acceptable. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) 24:1 s8ts 0 # General Information:\n\nGod gives Moses instructions about the things in the tent of meeting. 24:2 d6z4 שֶׁ֣מֶן זַ֥יִת זָ֛ךְ כָּתִ֖ית 1 Alternate translation: “pure olive oil” pure beaten oil of the olive 24:2 aa52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֵ֖ר 1 This refers to the **lamp** or lamps in Yahweh’s sacred tent. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the lamp in the tent of meeting” the lamp 24:3 wxd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִחוּץ֩ לְפָרֹ֨כֶת הָעֵדֻ֜ת 1 Here, **the testimony** represents either the tablets that the decrees were written on or the box that the tablets were put in. These were kept in the very holy place, which was the room behind the curtain in the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “Outside the curtain that is in front of the tablets of the covenant decrees” or “Outside the curtain that is in front of the box of the covenant” Outside the curtain of the testimony 24:3 cr1j לְפָרֹ֨כֶת 1 This **curtain** was a thick fabric hung as a wall. It was not like a light window curtain. the curtain of 24:3 x78g מֵעֶ֧רֶב עַד־ בֹּ֛קֶר 1 Alternate translation: “from sunset to sunrise” or “all night” from evening until morning 24:3 t1wc חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם 1 This means that they and their descendants must obey this command forever. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Leviticus 3:17](../03/17.md). It is a permanent statute throughout your generations 24:5 bwx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים 1 An **ephah** is about 22 litres. This **two-tenths** is about 4.4 liters. Alternate translation: “four and a half liters” two-tenths of an ephah 24:6 e3he הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן הַטָּהֹ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 This **table** is in the holy place, which is before the most holy place. the pure gold table before the face of Yahweh 24:7 ixi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנָתַתָּ֥ עַל־ הַֽמַּעֲרֶ֖כֶת לְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה 1 The incense was probably next to the loaves, rather than directly on the loaves. Alternate translation: “And you must put pure incense next to the loaves in each row” And you must put on the row pure incense 24:7 v5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהָיְתָ֤ה לַלֶּ֨חֶם֙ לְאַזְכָּרָ֔ה 1 What the incense would represent can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “and it will represent the loaves as an offering” or “and it will be an offering that represents the loaves” and it will be a memorial portion for the bread 24:9 x294 וְהָֽיְתָה֙ 1 Alternate translation: “And this bread that is offered will be” And it will be 24:9 c8b1 מֵאִשֵּׁ֥י יְהוָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “fro the burnt offerings to Yahweh” or “from the offerings that you burn to Yahweh” from Yahweh’s offerings made by fire 24:10 v13h וַיֵּצֵא֙ 1 This phrase marks a new section of the book. Now & went out 24:11 uzp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַ֠יִּקֹּב בֶּן־ הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֤ית אֶת־ הַשֵּׁם֙ וַיְקַלֵּ֔ל 1 The words **blasphemed** and **cursed** mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “And the son of the Israelite woman blasphemed Yahweh by cursing him” or “And the son of the Israelite woman said terrible things about Yahweh” And the son of the Israelite woman blasphemed the Name and cursed 24:11 x1rf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names שְׁלֹמִ֥ית 1 **Shelomith** is the name of a woman. Shelomith 24:11 y53u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בַּת־ דִּבְרִ֖י 1 ** Dibri** is the name of a man. the daughter of Dibri 24:14 br93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וְסָמְכ֧וּ כָֽל־ הַשֹּׁמְעִ֛ים אֶת־ יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־ רֹאשׁ֑וֹ 1 They were to put their **hands on his head** to show that he was the guilty one. And all the hearers must lay their hands on his head 24:15 rj6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְנָשָׂ֥א חֶטְאֽוֹ 1 Suffering for sin is spoken of if a person were to carry his guilt. Alternate translation: “then he must suffer for his sin” or “then he must be punished then he must bear his sin 24:16 uv4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יוּמָֽת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people must put him to death” or “the people must kill him” he must be put to death 24:17 mu9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must certainly put him to death” he must certainly be put to death 24:18 pg7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה 1 How he would **repay it** can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “must pay it back by giving him a live animal” must repay it 24:18 x28q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ 1 This is an idiom that means that one life would replace the other. Alternate translation: “one life to replace the other life” or “to replace the one that he killed” life in place of life 24:19 p3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כֵּ֖ן יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must do the same to him” so it will be done to him 24:20 icn4 שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן 1 These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the same harm he did to someone else. fracture in place of fracture, eye in place of eye, tooth in place of tooth 24:20 ls9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר 1 A **fracture** refers to broken bones. Alternate translation: “broken bone for broken bone” or “if he breaks someone’s bone, one of his bones must be broken” or “if he breaks someone’s bone, they will break one of his bones” fracture in place of fracture 24:20 u64z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן 1 This refers to an **eye** being seriously injured or gouged out. Alternate translation: “if he destroys someone’s eye, one of his bones must be destroyed” or “if he destroys someone’s eye, they will destroy his eye” eye in place of eye 24:20 gu8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן 1 This refers to a **tooth** being knocked out of the mouth. Alternate translation: “if he knocks out someone’s tooth, one of his teeth must be knocked out” or “if he knocks out someone’s tooth, they will knock out one of his teeth” tooth in place of tooth 24:21 vq5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּמַכֵּ֥ה אָדָ֖ם יוּמָֽת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And they must put to death anyone who kills a person” And he who strikes dead a human must be put to death 25:intro z6ra 0 # Leviticus 25 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Over-farming\n\nThere is a provision made in this chapter to prevent over-farming of the land. If a land is farmed every year with the same crops, it will quickly become unable to grow anything.\n\n### Sabbath and Jubilee Years\n\nEvery seventh year, the land should not be planted. Every fiftieth year Israelite slaves must be freed and all land that has been bought returned to its original owners. This prevented people from getting trapped by their poverty. 25:2 e4st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְשָׁבְתָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָֽה 1 The **land** is spoken of as if it were a person that could obey the Sabbath by resting. then the land must keep a sabbath, a sabbath for Yahweh 25:2 id1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשָׁבְתָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָֽה 1 Here the people honoring God by not farming the **land** every seventh year is spoken of as if the land were taking a sabbath rest. Alternate translation: “you must let the land rest every seventh year to honor Yahweh” or “you must obey Yahweh’s Sabbath by not farming the land every seventh year” then the land must keep a sabbath, a sabbath for Yahweh 25:3 bf66 תִּזְמֹ֣ר כַּרְמֶ֑ךָ 1 To **prune** a **vineyard** is to cut the branches and vines to help the fruit grow better. you must prune your vineyard 25:4 dc2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָאָ֔רֶץ 1 Not farming the land is spoken of as letting **the land** **rest**. Alternate translation: “you must observe a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land by not farming it” or “you must obey the Sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year” there must be a sabbath of solemn rest for the land 25:5 jtb8 אֵ֣ת סְפִ֤יחַ קְצִֽירְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְצ֔וֹר וְאֶת־ עִנְּבֵ֥י נְזִירֶ֖ךָ לֹ֣א תִבְצֹ֑ר 1 Yahweh will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find. You must not harvest the second growth of your harvest and you must not gather the grapes of your unpruned vines 25:5 mxc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נְזִירֶ֖ךָ 1 To be **unpruned** means that no one has taken care of the **vines** and cut them as they do during the other six years. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your vines that you do not prune” your unpruned vines 25:6 ixl4 וְ֠הָיְתָה שַׁבַּ֨ת הָאָ֤רֶץ לָכֶם֙ לְאָכְלָ֔ה לְךָ֖ וּלְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וְלַאֲמָתֶ֑ךָ וְלִשְׂכִֽירְךָ֙ וּלְתוֹשָׁ֣בְךָ֔ הַגָּרִ֖ים עִמָּֽךְ 1 Yahweh will not allow the owner of a field to organize his workers and harvest the land as he does the other six years. However, Yahweh will allow individuals to go through the fields to pick and eat the fruit they find. And the sabbath of the land will be for you, as food for you, and for your male slave, and for your female slave, and for your hired servant, and for the foriegn resident who is sojourning with you 25:7 v4ie כָל־ תְּבוּאָתָ֖הּ 1 Alternate translation: “whatever grows on the land” all its yield 25:8 g6u6 שֶׁ֚בַע שַׁבְּתֹ֣ת הַשָּׁנִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “seven sets of seven years” seven sabbaths of years 25:9 cf78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 This is the **seventh month** of the Hebrew calendar. The **tenth day** is near the end of September on Western calendars. on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month 25:9 igkl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִעִ֔י בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 The words **seventh** and **tenth** are the ordinals of “seven” and “ten”. Alternate translation: “in month seven, on day ten of the month” on the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month 25:9 l873 בְּיוֹם֙ הַכִּפֻּרִ֔ים 1 On ** the Day of Atonement** each year the high priest would make a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 23:27](../23/27.md). On the Day of Atonement 25:10 gq84 יוֹבֵ֥ל הִוא֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם 1 The Jubilee was a year when the Jews had to return land to its’ original owners and set slaves free. Alternate translation: “it will be a year of restoration for you” or “it will be a year for you to return land and free slaves” It will be a jubilee for you 25:11 a5fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יוֹבֵ֣ל & תִּהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם 1 You can state clearly who they were returning the land to. Alternate translation: “will be a year for you to return the land to me” will be a jubilee for you 25:12 ccr2 מִן־ הַ֨שָּׂדֶ֔ה תֹּאכְל֖וּ אֶת־ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ 1 Yahweh did not allow the land owner to organize his workers and harvest the land as he did the other six years. However, he did allow individuals to go through the fields and eat what they find. You must eat its yield from the field 25:13 gq74 בִּשְׁנַ֥ת הַיּוֹבֵ֖ל הַזֹּ֑את 1 Alternate translation: “In this year of restoration” or “In this year to return land and free slaves” In this Year of Jubilee 25:18 r63d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֙ אֶת־ חֻקֹּתַ֔י וְאֶת־ מִשְׁפָּטַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם אֹתָ֑ם 1 All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything Yahweh says. And you must do my statutes, and my laws you must keep and do them 25:19 cf3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם לָשֹׂ֑בַע 1 This means that they would eat enough until their stomach was full. Alternate translation: “and you will eat till you are full” or “snd you will eat plenty” and you will eat to satisfaction 25:20 m3ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you תֹאמְר֔וּ 1 Here, **you** refers to the people of Israel. you say 25:21 qk7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְצִוִּ֤יתִי אֶת־ בִּרְכָתִי֙ לָכֶ֔ם 1 God speaks of Yahweh’s **blessing** as if it were a person that could obey him. Alternate translation: “Then I will send my blessing on you” or “Then I will bless you” Then I will command my blessing for you 25:23 gm2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהָאָ֗רֶץ לֹ֤א תִמָּכֵר֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not sell your land” And the land must not be sold 25:24 af5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּתְּנ֥וּ לָאָֽרֶץ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **redemption**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “you must remember that the original owner has the right to redeem the land whenever he wants” you must give redemption for the land 25:27 c8fs אֶת־ שְׁנֵ֣י מִמְכָּר֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “the number of years since he sold the land” the years of its sale 25:27 lw57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־ הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽכַר־ ל֑וֹ 1 This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and repay to the purchaser who bought it the money the purchaser would have made” and return the balance to the man whom he sold it to 25:28 gbe7 שְׁנַ֣ת הַיּוֹבֵ֑ל 1 See how you translated this in [Leviticus 25:10](../25/10.md). Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land” the Year of Jubilee 25:28 me5x וְשָׁ֖ב לַאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and he will go back to his land” and he will return to his property 25:29 ibe6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גְּאֻלָּת֔וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **redemption**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “redeem” or “buy back.” Alternate translation: “the right to redeem it” his right of redemption 25:30 h32c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאִ֣ם לֹֽא־ יִגָּאֵ֗ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if he or his family does not redeem the house” And if it is not redeemed 25:31 hgm4 וּבָתֵּ֣י הַחֲצֵרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵין־ לָהֶ֤ם חֹמָה֙ סָבִ֔יב 1 Some **villages** did not have a **wall** around them. And the houses of the villages that have no wall around them 25:33 yf5t מִמְכַּר־ בַּ֛יִת 1 Alternate translation: “a house that he has sold” a sold house 25:33 kaj1 בַּיֹּבֵ֑ל 1 Alternate translation: “in the year of restoration” or “in the year to return land and free slaves” in the Jubilee 25:33 js2l הִ֚וא אֲחֻזָּתָ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 The land of Canaan was divided up among the people of Israel, but of that land, the Levites were only given 48 cities with the fields around them. Alternate translation: “it is their part of the land that the Israelites possessed” or “it is their property in the land of Israel” it is their possession among the sons of Israel 25:34 ehh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּֽשְׂדֵ֛ה מִגְרַ֥שׁ עָרֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֣א יִמָּכֵ֑ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And the Levites must not sell the fields around their cities” And the field of the pastureland of their cities must not be sold 25:36 pkf5 אַל־ תִּקַּ֤ח מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ נֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֔ית 1 Alternate translation: “Do not make him pay you back more than what you lend him” Do not take from him interest or usury 25:39 mgw3 לֹא־ תַעֲבֹ֥ד בּ֖וֹ עֲבֹ֥דַת עָֽבֶד 1 The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat **a slave**. you must not make him work the work of a slave 25:40 si62 כְּשָׂכִ֥יר כְּתוֹשָׁ֖ב יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֑ךְ 1 The owner was to treat the Israelite with more respect than he would treat a slave. Like a hired worker, like a temporary resident, he must be with you 25:40 u2tl שְׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל 1 Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and free slaves” the Year of Jubilee 25:42 ucx8 עֲבָדַ֣י הֵ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “your fellow countrymen are my servants” they are my servants 25:42 i1ab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יִמָּכְר֖וּ מִמְכֶּ֥רֶת עָֽבֶד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must not sell them as slaves” They will not be sold in a slave sale 25:48 u2as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אַחֲרֵ֣י נִמְכַּ֔ר גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּהְיֶה־ לּ֑וֹ אֶחָ֥ד מֵאֶחָ֖יו יִגְאָלֶֽנּוּ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after the foreigner buys your fellow Israelite, someone in the Israelite’s family may buy him back” after he has been sold, there will be redemption for him. One of his brothers may redeem him 25:50 c6m4 עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל 1 An Israelite could be a slave only **until the year of Jubilee**. These instructions are for when an Israelite wanted to buy back his freedom before the year of Jubilee. until the Year of Jubilee 25:50 fa22 שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל 1 Alternate translation: “the year of restoration” or “the year to return land and to free slaves” the Year of Jubilee 25:50 twu2 בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שָׁנִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “according to the number of years until the jubilee that the Israelite would have continued to work but will not” according to the number of years 25:50 cqg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּימֵ֥י שָׂכִ֖יר יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמּֽוֹ 1 If the Israelite bought back his freedom, the foreigner would have to hire a servant to do the work that the Israelite would have done but will not. If your language does not use the passive verb **hired** in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “according to the rate a person would pay to hire a servant” like the days of a hired worker it will be with him 25:51 iq2q יָשִׁ֣יב 1 Alternate translation: “the Israelite slave must pay back” he must pay back 25:54 yn4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּאֵ֑לֶּה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means” And if he is not redeemed by these 25:54 lr8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל בְּאֵ֑לֶּה 1 You can state explicitly who he is to be redeemed from. Alternate translation: “If no one redeems him by these means from the one who bought him as a slave” And if he is not redeemed by these 25:54 e1ni וְיָצָא֙ בִּשְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֔ל ה֖וּא וּבָנָ֥יו עִמּֽוֹ 1 The Israelite slave and his children would serve the foreigner until the **Year of Jubilee**, and then the foreigner would have to set the Israelite and his children free. then he must go out in the Year of Jubilee, he and his sons with him 25:55 g12z לִ֤י בְנֵֽי־ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ עֲבָדִ֔ים 1 This is the reason that God wanted the Israelites to be set free in the year of jubilee. They were his **servants**. They were not permitted to be anyone else’s permanent slave. Alternate translation: “it is to me that the people of Israel are servants” to me the sons of Israel are servants 26:intro tb8x 0 # Leviticus 26 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Worship only Yahweh\n\nIf people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) 26:1 cd19 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. 26:2 rh4n אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ 1 Alternate translation: “You must obey the rules for my Sabbaths” My sabbaths you must keep 26:3 wkx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בְּחֻקֹּתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ וְאֶת־ מִצְוֺתַ֣י תִּשְׁמְר֔וּ וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָֽם 1 These are three ways of saying the same thing. They emphasize that the people must obey everything that God commands them to do. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey my laws and commands” you walk in my statutes and keep my commandments and do them 26:3 kv48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּחֻקֹּתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑כוּ 1 Behaving according to the **statutes** is spoken of as if they were to **walk** in the laws. Alternate translation: “you behave according to my laws” or “you live according to my laws” you walk in my statutes 26:5 t78x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְכֶם֙ לָשֹׂ֔בַע 1 Here **bread** represents food. Alternate translation: “will eat your food to satisfaction” And you will eat your bread to satisfaction 26:5 unad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם לַחְמְכֶם֙ לָשֹׂ֔בַע 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **satisfaction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “And you will eat food until you are satisfied” or “And you will have plenty of food to eat” And you will eat your bread to satisfaction 26:6 m5jk וְנָתַתִּ֤י שָׁלוֹם֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ 1 Alternate translation: “And I will cause there to be peace in the land” And I will give peace in the land 26:6 s3gb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְחֶ֖רֶב לֹא־ תַעֲבֹ֥ר בְּאַרְצְכֶֽם 1 Here the word **sword** represents enemy armies or enemy attacks. Alternate translation: “and no armies will attack you” and the sword will not pass through your land 26:7 xxd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְנָפְל֥וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם לֶחָֽרֶב 1 Here, **fall** represents dying, and **the sword** represents either attacking people with a sword or battle in general. Alternate translation: “and they will die when you attack them with the sword” or “and you will kill them in battle” and they will fall before your face by the sword 26:8 nd6t וְרָדְפ֨וּ מִכֶּ֤ם חֲמִשָּׁה֙ מֵאָ֔ה וּמֵאָ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם רְבָבָ֣ה יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ 1 This means the Israelites will have victory against larger armies. And five from you will pursue a hundred, and a hundred from you will pursue ten thousand 26:9 p7zz וּפָנִ֣יתִי אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “And I will show you favor” or “And I will bless you” And I will turn to you 26:9 fq7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְהִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֖י אֶתְכֶ֑ם 1 These two phrases refer to God causing them to have many descendants so they become a large group. and make you fruitful and multiply you 26:9 l7q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִפְרֵיתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֔ם 1 God speaks of them having many children as if they were trees that bear a lot of fruit. Alternate translation: “and cause you to have many children” and make you fruitful 26:10 u1ax וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֥ם יָשָׁ֖ן נוֹשָׁ֑ן 1 Alternate translation: “And you will have enough food stored to eat for a long time” or “And you will have enough food to store and eat it for a long time” And you will eat the old that has grown old 26:11 cl4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְלֹֽא־ תִגְעַ֥ל נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the double-negative **not detest** in positive form. Alternate translation: “and I will accept you” and my spirit will not detest you 26:12 xh2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִתְהַלַּכְתִּי֙ בְּת֣וֹכְכֶ֔ם 1 Walking among them represents living with them. Alternate translation: “And I will live with you” And I will walk in the midst of you 26:13 wh35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָאֶשְׁבֹּר֙ מֹטֹ֣ת עֻלְּכֶ֔ם 1 God speaks of their slavery as if they had to wear a **yoke** that animals wear in order to do hard work. Breaking **the bars** of the yoke represents setting them free. Alternate translation: “I have set you free from the hard labor they made you do” And I broke the bars of your yoke 26:16 u8mf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִפְקַדְתִּ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֤ם בֶּֽהָלָה֙ 1 Here, **terror** represents the things that will cause them to be terrified. Alternate translation: “I will send disasters that will terrify you” I will inflict terror on you 26:16 k4xi וּמְדִיבֹ֣ת נָ֑פֶשׁ 1 It is the diseases and the fever that will do this. Alternate translation: “and will slowly take away your life” or “and will slowly make you die” and drains away life 26:16 a48w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּזְרַעְתֶּ֤ם לָרִיק֙ זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם 1 The phrase **for nothing** means that they would get nothing from their work. Alternate translation: “And you will plant your seeds in vain” or “And you will plant your seeds, but you will not get anything from them” And you will sow your seed for nothing 26:17 ae65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְנָתַתִּ֤י פָנַי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם 1 This idiom means he “firmly decided.” Alternate translation: “And I have made up my mind to oppose you” And I will set my face against you 26:18 kng3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שֶׁ֖בַע 1 Here, **seven times** is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. seven times 26:19 q54p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־ גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֑ם 1 Using force to cause them not to be proud is spoken of as if he were to **break** their **pride**. Alternate translation: “And I will punish you and so end the pride that you feel about your power” or “And I will punish you so that you will no longer be proud of your power” And I will break the pride of your power 26:19 wsq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ שְׁמֵיכֶם֙ כַּבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶֽת־ אַרְצְכֶ֖ם כַּנְּחֻשָֽׁה 1 This means God will stop the rain from falling from **the sky**. This will make the ground hard so that people cannot plant seed or grow crops. And I will make your sky like iron and your land like bronze 26:20 j47f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְתַ֥ם לָרִ֖יק כֹּחֲכֶ֑ם 1 Working very hard is spoken of as if they were to use all their **strength** until they had no more strength. And your strength will be used up for nothing 26:20 c0hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְתַ֥ם לָרִ֖יק כֹּחֲכֶ֑ם 1 The phrase **for nothing** means that they would get nothing from working so hard. Alternate translation: “You will work very hard in vain” or “You will work very hard, but you will not receive anything good from working so hard” And your strength will be used up for nothing 26:21 fy3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּֽלְכ֤וּ עִמִּי֙ 1 Walking represents behavior. To **walk against** God represents opposing him or rebelling against him. Alternate translation: “you rebel against me” you walk against me 26:21 mar9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיָסַפְתִּ֤י עֲלֵיכֶם֙ מַכָּ֔ה שֶׁ֖בַע 1 Yahweh causing disasters to happen to the Israelites is spoken of as if he would strike them with blows or hit them. Alternate translation: “I will cause seven times as many disasters to come against you” or “I will punish you seven times more severely” then I will add upon you a plague seven times 26:21 tp4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שֶׁ֖בַע 1 Here, **seven times** is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. seven times 26:21 uyk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כְּחַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sins**, you can express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “according to how much you have sinned” according to your sins 26:22 qpn6 וְנָשַׁ֖מּוּ דַּרְכֵיכֶֽם 1 Here, **deserted** means that there is no one there. Alternate translation: “And so no one will travel on your roads” And your roads will become deserted 26:23 u17j וְאִ֨ם־ בְּאֵ֔לֶּה 1 Alternate translation: “And if when I punish you like this” or “And if I discipline you like this and” And if in spite of these things 26:23 a4z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֥א תִוָּסְר֖וּ לִ֑י 1 Accepting his **discipline** represents responding rightly to it. In this case responding rightly to it is choosing to obey him. Alternate translation: “you still do not listen to my correction” or “you still do not obey me” you do not accept my discpline 26:23 l9uu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י קֶֽרִי 1 To **walk** represents behavior. Walking **in opposition** to him means opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “and you oppose me” or “and you fight against me” and you walk against me in opposition 26:24 v5bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י אַף־ אֲנִ֛י עִמָּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֑רִי 1 To **walk** represents behavior. Walking **in opposition** to him means opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “then I myself will also oppose you” or “ then I myself will also fight against you” then I will also walk, I myself, against you in opposition 26:24 e1h9 וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ גַּם־ אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע 1 The number **seven** represents completeness. Alternate translation: “And I will personally punish you many times” or “And I myself will punish you most severely” And I will strike you, even I myself, seven times 26:24 rqi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַל־ חַטֹּאתֵיכֶֽם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sins**, you can express the same idea with the verb “sin.” Alternate translation: “because you continue to sin against me” because of your sins 26:25 ca56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב 1 Here the word **sword** represents an army or an attack from an army. Alternate translation: “And I will bring an enemy army against you” or “And I will cause an enemy army to attack you” And I will bring a sword upon you 26:25 z45g נֹקֶ֨מֶת֙ נְקַם־ בְּרִ֔ית 1 Alternate translation: “that will punish you because you broke the covenant” that will avenge with the vengeance of the covenant 26:25 tfd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and you will gather together” or “and you will run to hide” and you will be gathered 26:25 y2qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־ אוֹיֵֽב 1 Here “into the hand” means “into the control” and refers to defeat by their enemy. Alternate translation: “and you will be place under the control of your enemy” and you will be given into the hand of the one who is hostile 26:25 pytz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִתַּתֶּ֖ם בְּיַד־ אוֹיֵֽב 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will deliver you into the hand of your enemy” or “I will allow your enemy to control you” and you will be given into the hand of the one who is hostile 26:26 c11s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּשִׁבְרִ֣י לָכֶם֮ מַטֵּה־ לֶחֶם֒ 1 Destroying the food that people have stored or stopping people from being able to get it is spoken of as **breaking the staff of** their **bread**. Alternate translation: “When I destroy the food you have stored” or “When I cut off your food supply” When I break the staff of your bread 26:26 nw44 וְ֠אָפוּ עֶ֣שֶׂר נָשִׁ֤ים לַחְמְכֶם֙ בְּתַנּ֣וּר אֶחָ֔ד 1 This implies that there will be so little flour that **one** small **oven** will be able to hold all the **bread** that many **women** have to put into it. then ten women will bake your bread in one oven 26:26 jm66 וְהֵשִׁ֥יבוּ לַחְמְכֶ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁקָ֑ל 1 This means there will be so little bread that they will have to measure how much each person gets. And they will distribute your bread by weight 26:27 l2dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֹ֥א תִשְׁמְע֖וּ לִ֑י 1 To **listen** represents obeying what he has said. Alternate translation: “you do not obey me” you do not listen to me 26:27 gbl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֥ם עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי 1 To **walk** represents behavior. Walking **against** someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “and you oppose me” or “and you fight against me” and you walk against me in opposition 26:28 y7le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהָלַכְתִּ֥י עִמָּכֶ֖ם 1 To **walk** represents behavior. Walking **against** someone represents opposing him or fighting against him. Alternate translation: “then I will oppose you” then I will walk against you 26:28 l1fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְיִסַּרְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אַף־ אָ֔נִי שֶׁ֖בַע 1 Here, **seven times** is not literal. It means Yahweh will increase the severity of his punishment. And I will discipline you, even I, seven times 26:30 i3eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־ בָּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־ חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־ פִּגְרֵיכֶ֔ם עַל־ פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Because God would send an army to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. Alternate translation: “I will send an enemy army to destroy your high places, and cut down your incense altars, and put your corpses on the corpses of your idols” And I will destroy your high places, and cut down your incense altars, and put your corpses on the corpses of your idols 26:30 hay8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם 1 God speaks of **idols** not being alive as if they had been alive and then died. Alternate translation: “your lifeless idols” the corpses of your idols 26:31 d1nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־ עָֽרֵיכֶם֙ חָרְבָּ֔ה וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִ֖י אֶת־ מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם 1 Because God would send armies to do these things, he speaks as if he would do them. Alternate translation: “I will send enemy armies to turn your cities into ruins and destroy your sanctuaries” And I will lay your cities in ruins and make your holy places desolate 26:31 w7pu אֶת־ מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶ֑ם 1 These **holy places** were places where people worshiped idols instead of God. your holy places 26:31 fx76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹ֣א אָרִ֔יחַ בְּרֵ֖יחַ נִיחֹֽחֲכֶֽם 1 Normally the Lord’s pleasure with the **aroma** represents his pleasure with those who burn the offering. But in this case, people would burn offerings, but God would not be pleased with them. Alternate translation: “You will burn offerings, but I will not be pleased with you” And I will not smell your sweet aromas 26:33 zv5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב 1 To ** unsheathe a sword** represents sending armies to chase them. Alternate translation: “and I will send enemy armies to chase you” or “and I will send enemy armies to attack you with their swords” and I will unsheathe a sword behind you 26:34 uf4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אָז֩ תִּרְצֶ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ 1 The people were supposed to obey the sabbath law by not farming the land every seventh year. God speaks about this as if the land were a person that would obey the sabbath law and rest. Alternate translation: “Then the land will rest according to the sabbath law” or “Then, as required by the sabbath law, the land will not be farmed” Then the land will enjoy its sabbaths 26:35 h58y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּשְׁבֹּ֑ת 1 God speaks about the land not being farmed as if it were a person that would **rest**. Alternate translation: “it will not be farmed” it will rest 26:36 y4ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֨רֶךְ֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם 1 To **bring despair** into their hearts represents making them afraid. Alternate translation: “I will make you terribly afraid” I will bring despair into their hearts 26:36 l3gz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מְנֻֽסַת־ חֶ֛רֶב 1 The **sword** represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. Alternate translation: “as though you were fleeing from someone who was chasing you with a sword” or “as though you were fleeing from an enemy army” as one fleeing from a sword 26:37 fz4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כְּמִפְּנֵי־ חֶ֖רֶב 1 The **sword** represents either someone who is ready to kill using a sword or an attack from an enemy army. Alternate translation: “as though you were running away from someone who was chasing you with a sword” or “as though you were running away from an enemy army” as from the face of a sword 26:37 kn1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תְּקוּמָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 Standing before the enemies represents not falling when the enemies attack and fighting against them. Alternate translation: “power to resist your enemies when they attack you” or “power to fight back against your enemies” power to stand to the face of those who are hostile to you 26:38 ae6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְאָכְלָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶ֖רֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 Yahweh speaks about the enemies’ **land** as if it were a wild animal that would eat the Israelites. The word **devour** emphasizes that most of the Israelites will die there. Alternate translation: “and you will die in your enemies’ land” and the land of those who are hostile to you will devour you 26:39 dj82 וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֗ם 1 Alternate translation: “And those of you who do not die” And the ones who are remaining among you 26:39 rvh2 יִמַּ֨קּוּ֙ בַּֽעֲוֺנָ֔ם 1 To **rot** in their * iniquity** represents wasting away because of their sins. will rot in their iniquity 26:39 yg26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַּעֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖ם 1 Here, **their fathers** represents their ancestors. in the iniquities of their fathers 26:40 dys3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔ם 1 Here, **their fathers** represents their ancestors. the iniquity of their fathers 26:40 bz79 בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־ בִ֑י 1 Alternate translation: “the way that they were unfaithful to me and tuned against me after I had been so good to them” in their unfaithfulness which they acted unfaithfully against me 26:41 n8ms rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵלֵ֤ךְ עִמָּם֙ בְּקֶ֔רִי 1 To go **against them** represents opposing them. Alternate translation: “opposed them” went against them in opposition 26:41 u7i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אוֹ־ אָ֣ז יִכָּנַ֗ע לְבָבָם֙ הֶֽעָרֵ֔ל 1 Here the term **uncircumcised hearts** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient” if then their uncircumcised hearts become humbled 26:42 zpa2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְזָכַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־ בְּרִיתִ֣י יַעֲק֑וֹב 1 Here, **remember** represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “then I will fulfill the covenant I made with Jacob” then I will remember my covenant with Jacob 26:42 r2ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֶזְכֹּֽר 1 Here, **remember** represents fulfilling his promise concerning the land. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my promise about the land” And I will remember the land 26:43 u8qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהָאָרֶץ֩ תֵּעָזֵ֨ב מֵהֶ֜ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel will abandon their land” And the land was abandoned by them 26:43 cad8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְתִ֣רֶץ אֶת־ שַׁבְּתֹתֶ֗יהָ 1 Yahweh speaks about the land as if it were a person who **will rejoice** about resting, because no one will be planting seed or growing crops on it. This will allow the land to become more fertile. Alternate translation: “so it will benefit from the sabbaths” and it will rejoice with its sabbaths 26:45 x7p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְזָכַרְתִּ֥י לָהֶ֖ם בְּרִ֣ית רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים 1 Here, **remember** represents fulfilling his covenant. Alternate translation: “And I will fulfill my covenant with their ancestors” And I will remember for their sake the covenant with their ancestors 26:45 b2vu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵינֵ֣י הַגּוֹיִ֗ם 1 Here , **eyes** represents the knowledge of the nations. Alternate translation: “in the knowledge of the nations” or “and the nations knew about it” in the eyes of the nations 26:45 js1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַגּוֹיִ֗ם 1 Here, **nations** represents the people of the nations. Alternate translation: “the people of the nations” the nations 27:intro u6u9 0 # Leviticus 27 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Dedicated to Yahweh\n\nThis chapter records the manner in which people make vows of dedication to Yahweh. There are many reasons why a person would dedicate something to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) 27:2 ds9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַפְלִ֖א נֶ֑דֶר בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת לַֽיהוָֽה 1 In this case the **vow** would involve giving oneself or another person to God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If anyone vows to give someone to Yahweh” If a man vows a vow according to your valuation of persons to Yahweh 27:2 w962 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ נְפָשֹׁ֖ת 1 Instead of giving the person, he would give the Lord a certain amount of silver. Alternate translation: “according to the following values for the person” or “according to the following amounts of silver instead of the person” according to your valuation of persons 27:3 dj1b עֶרְכְּךָ֙ & עֶרְכְּךָ֗ 1 Alternate translation: “the amount … the amount” your valuation & your valuation 27:3 hy8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight חֲמִשִּׁ֛ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כֶּ֖סֶף 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “50 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “500 grams of silver” 50 shekels of silver 27:3 fr3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ 1 There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. It weighed about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “the kind of shekel that is used in the sanctuary” or “the weight that is used in the sanctuary” according to the shekel of the holy place 27:4 mcw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים שָֽׁקֶל 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “30 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “300 grams of silver” 30 shekels 27:5 pit4 עֶרְכְּךָ֛ 1 Alternate translation: “the amount you must pay” your valuation 27:5 e8ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שְׁקָלִ֑ים 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “20 pieces of silver” or “200 grams of silver” 20 shekels 27:5 y1cx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים 1 The phrases “of that age” and “your standard value must be” are left out, but are meant to be understood. Alternate translation: “for the female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels” and for the female ten shekels 27:5 z1uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת שְׁקָלִֽים 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “ten pieces of silver” or “100 grams of silver” ten shekels 27:6 r5vd rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּ֑סֶף 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “five pieces of silver” or “50 grams of silver” five shekels of silver 27:6 r13l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים כָּֽסֶף 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “three pieces of silver” or “30 grams of silver” three shekels of silver 27:7 cry4 שִׁשִּׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֤ה וָמַ֨עְלָה֙ 1 Alternate translation: “60 years old and older” 60 years and up 27:7 n5vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר שָׁ֑קֶל 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “15 pieces of silver” or “150 grams of silver” 15 shekels 27:7 wau8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְלַנְּקֵבָ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֥ה שְׁקָלִֽים 1 The phrases “of that age” and “your standard value must be” are left out, but are meant to be understood. Alternate translation: “for a female of that age your standard value must be ten shekels” and for the female ten shekels 27:10 a66v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהָֽיָה־ ה֥וּא וּתְמוּרָת֖וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹּֽדֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will set apart both it and the one he exchanges it for” then it will be and the exchanged one will be set apart 27:11 dz9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאִם֙ כָּל־ בְּהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־ יַקְרִ֧יבוּ מִמֶּ֛נָּה קָרְבָּ֖ן לַֽיהוָ֑ה 1 If Yahweh will not accept a certain animal as an offering, the animal is spoken of as if it were physically dirty. It may be unclean because it is a certain kind of animal or because it has a defect. Alternate translation: “And if it is in fact one that Yahweh will not accept” And if any animal is unclean from which an offering must not be offered to Yahweh 27:12 yzw5 כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֥ 1 This refers to the value the animal is normally worth when someone buys or sells it. According to the valuation of you 27:13 f9my גָּאֹ֖ל יִגְאָלֶ֑נָּה 1 Alternate translation: “he every buys it back” he ever redeems it 27:15 ugc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction וְ֠יָסַף חֲמִישִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־ עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו 1 A **fifth** is a part of something that is divided into five equal parts. Alternate translation: “then he must divide the value of the house into five equal parts, add the amount equal to one of those parts, and pay all of it” then he must add a fifth of the silver of your valuation to it 27:16 l7we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ לְפִ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ זֶ֚רַע חֹ֣מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֔ים בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף 1 Here, **a homer of barley seed** represents a piece of land that would need one homer of barley in order to plant on all of it. Alternate translation: “then you will value a piece of land that requires one homer of barley in order to plant all of it at 50 shekels of silver” or ‘then the value of land that requires one homer of barley will be 50 shekels” then your valuation will be in proportion to its seed—a homer of barley seed for 50 shekels of silver 27:16 ub6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume חֹ֣מֶר 1 A **homer** is 220 liters. a homer of 27:16 pve5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight בַּחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two way of doing it. Alternate translation: “50 pieces of silver, each of which weighs ten grams” or “500 grams of silver” for 50 shekels of silver 27:17 b2qb מִשְּׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל 1 The **Jubilee** occurs every 50 years. See how you translated **Jubilee** in [Leviticus 25:10](../25/10.md). during the Year of Jubilee 27:17 wa1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֖ יָקֽוּם 1 Here, **stand** represents “remain” or “remain the same.” Alternate translation: “its value will remain the same” or “its value will be the full amount” according to your valuation it will stand 27:18 as3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִגְרַ֖ע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he must reduce the estimated value” and it must be reduced from your valuation 27:20 grb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאִם־ לֹ֤א יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה 1 The time for redeeming the field can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “And if he does not redeem the field before the year of Jubilee” And if he does not redeem the field 27:20 kl7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל עֽוֹד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he can no longer buy it back” it cannot be redeemed again 27:21 ip9r בַיֹּבֵ֗ל 1 The **Jubilee** was a year when the Jews had to return land to its original owners and set slaves free. See how you translated it in [Leviticus 25:13](../25/13.md). Alternate translation: “in the year of restoration” or “the year for you to return land and free slaves” in the Jubilee 27:21 nx1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הַחֵ֑רֶם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that someone has completely given to Yahweh” that has been dedicated by ban 27:24 aiu1 לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנָ֖הוּ מֵאִתּ֑וֹ לַאֲשֶׁר־ ל֖וֹ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ 1 These two phases refer to the same person. Normally the land would be bought from its owner. to whom he bought it from, to whom belongs the posession of the land 27:25 sj13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ 1 There were shekels of different weights. This is the one that people had to use in the sanctuary of the sacred tent. by the shekel of the holy place 27:25 y6zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל 1 The purpose of this sentence is to tell how much the sanctuary shekel weighs. The gerah was the smallest unit of weight that the Israelites used. Alternate translation: “one shekel must equal 20 gerahs” 20 gerahs must be the shekel 27:25 b3gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל 1 If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here is a way to do it. Alternate translation: “one shekel must weigh ten grams” 20 gerahs must be the shekel 27:26 pji9 לֹֽא־ יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “no one may set it apart to Yahweh” a man must not set it apart 27:27 ng2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְאִם־ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And if the person does not buy back the animal” And if it is not redeemed 27:27 vfw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִמְכַּ֥ר בְּעֶרְכֶּֽךָ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then the priest must sell it at the set value” then it will be sold at your valuation 27:28 adb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־ חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽיהוָ֜ה מִכָּל־ אֲשֶׁר־ ל֗וֹ מֵאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one may sell or redeem anything a man has devoted to Yahweh, from all that he has, whether it is a human, an animal, or his family land” or “if a man devotes to Yahweh anything he has, whether human or animal, or his family land, no one may sell or redeem it” any dedicated thing that a man dedicates to Yahweh, from all that belongs to him, from human or animal, or from the field of his property, must not be sold and must not be redeemed 27:28 yy2u כָּל־ חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־ קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “Everything that anyone devotes to Yahweh is very holy to Yahweh” Every dedicated thing, it is the holiest holy thing to Yahweh 27:29 i8d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־ חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָחֳרַ֛ם 1 Why a person would be dedicated to destruction can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Any person whom Yahweh has determined should die because of his sin” Every dedicated one who is dedicated 27:29 k4sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “no one may pay a ransom for it” must not be ransomed 27:29 epj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You must surely execute him” He must surely be put to death 27:31 n1ly וְאִם־ גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “And if a man wants to buy back any of his tithe” And if a man ever redeems some of his tenth 27:32 h1au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־ יַעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט 1 This refers to the way they would count their animals. Alternate translation: “any animals you count by raising your shepherd rod and having them walk under it to the other side” or “any animals you count” anything that passes under the rod 27:32 y6be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָֽה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must set apart one-tenth to Yahweh” the tenth must be set apart to Yahweh 27:32 rzb2 הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י 1 Alternate translation: “every tenth animal” the tenth 27:33 j4n9 וְהָֽיָה־ ה֧וּא וּתְמוּרָת֛וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־ קֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 Alternate translation: “then you will set apart both animals” then it will be and its substitute will be set apart 27:33 f56x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He cannot redeem it” or “He cannot buy it back” It must not be redeemed 27:34 dxq6 אֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֺ֗ת 1 This is a summary statement. It refers to the commandments that were given in the past chapters. These are the commandments