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@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ front:intro kwv9 0 # Introduction to 3 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is the name of a man.
1:12 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὑπὸ πάντων 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. The UST models one way to do this.
1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested by the truth itself”
1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and by his right way of living”
1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Here, John refers to **truth** as though it were a person speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person”
1:12 s712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν 1 As in the previous sentence, the implication here is also that this **witness** is of good things about Demetrius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we also speak well of Demetrius”
1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way he truly obeys Jesus”
1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is speaking of **the truth** as if it were a living thing that could testify that Demetrius is a good person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his right way of living”
1:12 xkqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **attest**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we too firmly attest”
1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him and do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν 1 The expression **with ink and pen** contains extra information about the materials used for writing that would be considered understood and thus unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. John is not saying that he would write about these things with something other than ink and pen. He is saying that he does not wish to write about these things at all. Alternate translation: “I do not want to write about them to you”
1:14 r8i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom στόμα πρὸς στόμα 1 Here, **mouth to mouth** is an idiom meaning “in person.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “face to face” or “in person”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
44 1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is the name of a man.
45 1:12 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὑπὸ πάντων 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. The UST models one way to do this.
46 1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested by the truth itself”
47 1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and by his right way of living” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way he truly obeys Jesus”
48 1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Here, John refers to **truth** as though it were a person speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person” John is speaking of **the truth** as if it were a living thing that could testify that Demetrius is a good person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his right way of living”
49 1:12 s712 xkqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν 1 As in the previous sentence, the implication here is also that this **witness** is of good things about Demetrius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we also speak well of Demetrius” For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **attest**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we too firmly attest”
50 1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him and do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
51 1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν 1 The expression **with ink and pen** contains extra information about the materials used for writing that would be considered understood and thus unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. John is not saying that he would write about these things with something other than ink and pen. He is saying that he does not wish to write about these things at all. Alternate translation: “I do not want to write about them to you”
52 1:14 r8i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom στόμα πρὸς στόμα 1 Here, **mouth to mouth** is an idiom meaning “in person.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “face to face” or “in person”