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@ -38,15 +38,14 @@ front:intro kwv9 0 # Introduction to 3 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
1:10 wi6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “these fellow believers”
1:10 it7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he stops the ones who are willing to receive the believers”
1:11 pv24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in a general sense. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “do not imitate evil things that people do, but good things”
1:11 sz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John leaves out words that are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do”
1:11 zan2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν 1 “Seeing” here is a metaphor that stands for knowing or understanding. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God”
1:12 pl7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him”
1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is a man. He may be someone in Gaius's congregation whom John wants Gaius to support as a leader rather than Diotrephes, or he may be the person who carried this letter to Gaius, and John is now introducing him to Gaius.
1:12 n0v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μεμαρτύρηται 1 The implication is that this **witness** is of good things about Demetrius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has been commended as a good person”
1:12 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὑπὸ πάντων 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “by everyone who knows him”
1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John leaves out words that are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and he has been borne witness to by the truth itself”
1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Here, John refers to **truth** as though it were a person speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person”
1:11 sz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do”
1:11 zan2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν 1 John is using the word **seen** to mean “believed in” or “experienced.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God”
1:12 pl7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All attest to Demetrius” or “Everyone praises Demetrius as a good person”
1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is the name of a man.
1:12 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ὑπὸ πάντων 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. The UST models one way to do this.
1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested by the truth itself”
1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and by his right way of living”
1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Here, John refers to **truth** as though it were a person speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person”
1:12 s712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν 1 As in the previous sentence, the implication here is also that this **witness** is of good things about Demetrius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we also speak well of Demetrius”
1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him and do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν 1 The expression **with ink and pen** contains extra information about the materials used for writing that would be considered understood and thus unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. John is not saying that he would write about these things with something other than ink and pen. He is saying that he does not wish to write about these things at all. Alternate translation: “I do not want to write about them to you”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
38 1:10 wi6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 John is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “these fellow believers”
39 1:10 it7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ τοὺς βουλομένους κωλύει 1 John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he stops the ones who are willing to receive the believers”
40 1:11 pv24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj μὴ μιμοῦ τὸ κακὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns in a general sense. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “do not imitate evil things that people do, but good things”
41 1:11 sz2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀγαθόν 1 John leaves out words that are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do” John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but imitate the good things that people do”
42 1:11 zan2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν 1 “Seeing” here is a metaphor that stands for knowing or understanding. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God” John is using the word **seen** to mean “believed in” or “experienced.” If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God”
43 1:12 pl7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “Every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him” If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “All attest to Demetrius” or “Everyone praises Demetrius as a good person”
44 1:12 m22h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 **Demetrius** is a man. He may be someone in Gaius's congregation whom John wants Gaius to support as a leader rather than Diotrephes, or he may be the person who carried this letter to Gaius, and John is now introducing him to Gaius. **Demetrius** is the name of a man.
45 1:12 n0v4 v69i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 The implication is that this **witness** is of good things about Demetrius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has been commended as a good person” John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. The UST models one way to do this.
46 1:12 v69i mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ὑπὸ πάντων καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “by everyone who knows him” John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he has been attested by the truth itself”
1:12 mftm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John leaves out words that are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and he has been borne witness to by the truth itself”
1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Here, John refers to **truth** as though it were a person speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person”
47 1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and by his right way of living”
48 1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Here, John refers to **truth** as though it were a person speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person”
49 1:12 s712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν 1 As in the previous sentence, the implication here is also that this **witness** is of good things about Demetrius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we also speak well of Demetrius”
50 1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him and do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
51 1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν 1 The expression **with ink and pen** contains extra information about the materials used for writing that would be considered understood and thus unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. John is not saying that he would write about these things with something other than ink and pen. He is saying that he does not wish to write about these things at all. Alternate translation: “I do not want to write about them to you”