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@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
1:5 l1nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּ⁠בְכ֔וּ וְ⁠הֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן 1 If your language has only one word for “weep” and “wail,” you can combine the lines: “you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow”
1:6 qm8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גוֹי֙ 1 The locust swarm is like an invading army.
1:6 jn1q שִׁנָּי⁠ו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י 1 The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
1:6 mpz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שִׁנָּי⁠ו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽ⁠מְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽ⁠וֹ 1 These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts’ teeth being as sharp as lions’ teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:6 mpz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שִׁנָּי⁠ו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽ⁠מְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽ⁠וֹ 1 These two lines share similar meanings.
1:6 aj1z אַרְצִ֔⁠י 1 Yahweh’s land
1:7 sxr3 שָׂ֤ם & חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָ⁠הּ֙ 1 The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
1:7 hi96 גַּפְנִ⁠י֙ & וּ⁠תְאֵנָתִ֖⁠י 1 Yahweh’s vineyard and fig tree
1:7 k8l9 לְ⁠שַׁמָּ֔ה 1 empty and without life
1:10 zn6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. Alternate translation: “the farmers are mourning” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1:10 zn6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “the farmers are mourning”
1:10 j565 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן 1 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the locusts have destroyed all of the grain”
1:11 eeq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂעֹרָ֑ה 1 a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread
1:12 pk4b הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה 1 dried up and died
@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
1:13 w9cv מִנְחָ֥ה וָ⁠נָֽסֶךְ 1 regular offerings in the temple
1:14 z8ne בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 the temple in Jerusalem
1:15 q895 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is what God is telling the priests to say.
1:15 u6hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:16 yv6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:15 u6hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy” Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies”
1:16 yv6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God”
1:16 r8wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 “from us.” This refers to all of the nation of Israel.
1:16 f1eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God”
1:16 ppt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple.
@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
1:20 n9lf אֲפִ֣יקֵי 1 small streams
2:intro j2gp 0 # Joel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Locusts\n\nThis book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\nThis chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:1 m7i5 תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֜ר & וְ⁠הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ 1 Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming.
2:2 qmb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 The words “darkness” and “gloom” share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day that is full of darkness” or “day of terrible judgment” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:2 qmb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 The words “darkness” and “gloom” share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Alternate translation: “day that is full of darkness”
2:2 st7t וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 total or partial darkness
2:2 pcr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both “clouds” and “thick darkness” refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:2 pcr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds”
2:2 h3d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠שַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽ⁠הָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: “A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun”
2:2 ekb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word **army** could possibly be: (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2:3 fly5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ 1 A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the “army” ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves.
@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
2:4 myc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ⁠כְ⁠פָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּ⁠ן 1 Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly.
2:5 m6fl יְרַקֵּד֔וּ⁠ן 1 A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly.
2:5 n75f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠ק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת & כְּ⁠קוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ & כְּ⁠עַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה 1 These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel’s readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: “a noise that frightens everyone”
2:7 e5ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כְּ⁠גִבּוֹרִ֣ים יְרֻצ֔וּ⁠ן כְּ⁠אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה יַעֲל֣וּ חוֹמָ֑ה 1 The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2:7 d4kv חוֹמָ֑ה 1 walls around the cities
2:8 yt67 וּ⁠בְעַ֥ד הַ⁠שֶּׁ֛לַח יִפֹּ֖לוּ 1 they overcome the soldiers defending the city.
2:10 iu1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם 1 Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -93,9 +92,9 @@ front:intro aq5w 0 # Introduction to Joel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\
2:28 ny8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 Here “flesh” represents people. Alternate translation: “all people”
2:30 fxj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דָּ֣ם וָ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠תִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן 1 “blood” is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: “death, fire and pillars of smoke”
2:31 e1db הַ⁠שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 Alternate translation: “The sun will no longer give light”
2:31 fc5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּרֵ֖חַ לְ⁠דָ֑ם 1 Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:31 fc5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּרֵ֖חַ לְ⁠דָ֑ם 1 Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood”
2:32 w6nv וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 Alternate translation: “This is what will happen: everyone”
2:32 t1vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט 1 The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:32 t1vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט 1 The name is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name”
2:32 k5zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠הַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּ⁠בִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם 1 These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion in Jerusalem”
2:32 j194 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 The phrase “there will be” is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls”
2:32 e73u וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים 1 These **survivors** are people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster.

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
13 1:5 l1nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּ⁠בְכ֔וּ וְ⁠הֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן 1 If your language has only one word for “weep” and “wail,” you can combine the lines: “you people who love wine should cry out in sorrow”
14 1:6 qm8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גוֹי֙ 1 The locust swarm is like an invading army.
15 1:6 jn1q שִׁנָּי⁠ו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י 1 The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
16 1:6 mpz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שִׁנָּי⁠ו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽ⁠מְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽ⁠וֹ 1 These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts’ teeth being as sharp as lions’ teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) These two lines share similar meanings.
17 1:6 aj1z אַרְצִ֔⁠י 1 Yahweh’s land
18 1:7 sxr3 שָׂ֤ם & חָשֹׂ֤ף חֲשָׂפָ⁠הּ֙ 1 The locusts are like a nation which is like one person. You can refer to the nation as “it,” or to the locusts as “they,” or to the invader as one person.
19 1:7 hi96 גַּפְנִ⁠י֙ & וּ⁠תְאֵנָתִ֖⁠י 1 Yahweh’s vineyard and fig tree
20 1:7 k8l9 לְ⁠שַׁמָּ֔ה 1 empty and without life
21 1:10 zn6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָבְלָ֖ה אֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. These words could also be seen as a metonym for the people who are mourning or even as hyperbole, that the famine is so bad that even things that are not alive are mourning. Alternate translation: “the farmers are mourning” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) Here the land is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “the farmers are mourning”
22 1:10 j565 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive שֻׁדַּ֣ד דָּגָ֔ן 1 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the locusts have destroyed all of the grain”
23 1:11 eeq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown שְׂעֹרָ֑ה 1 a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread
24 1:12 pk4b הוֹבִ֔ישָׁה 1 dried up and died
27 1:13 w9cv מִנְחָ֥ה וָ⁠נָֽסֶךְ 1 regular offerings in the temple
28 1:14 z8ne בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֑ם 1 the temple in Jerusalem
29 1:15 q895 0 # General Information:\n\nThis is what God is telling the priests to say.
30 1:15 u6hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠כְ⁠שֹׁ֖ד מִ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” You may need to make explicit what it is the Almighty will destroy. Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy” Alternate translation: “On that day the Almighty will destroy his enemies”
31 1:16 yv6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠ל֛וֹא נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ אֹ֣כֶל נִכְרָ֑ת מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) It is certain that destruction will come from the Almighty because these things have already happened. Alternate translation: “We know this is true because we have already seen the Almighty cut off our supply of food, and he has cut off joy and gladness from the house of our God”
32 1:16 r8wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נֶ֥גֶד עֵינֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 “from us.” This refers to all of the nation of Israel.
33 1:16 f1eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית אֱלֹהֵ֖י⁠נוּ שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 You may need to fill in the ellipsis. Alternate translation: “joy and gladness have been cut off from the house of our God”
34 1:16 ppt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָ⁠גִֽיל 1 These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple.
37 1:20 n9lf אֲפִ֣יקֵי 1 small streams
38 2:intro j2gp 0 # Joel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Locusts\n\nThis book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\nThis chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39 2:1 m7i5 תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֜ר & וְ⁠הָרִ֨יעוּ֙ 1 Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming.
40 2:2 qmb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 The words “darkness” and “gloom” share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Both words refer to a time of disaster or divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day that is full of darkness” or “day of terrible judgment” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The words “darkness” and “gloom” share similar meanings and emphasize that the darkness will be very dark. Alternate translation: “day that is full of darkness”
41 2:2 st7t וַ⁠אֲפֵלָ֗ה 1 total or partial darkness
42 2:2 pcr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַ⁠עֲרָפֶ֔ל 1 This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Like that phrase, both “clouds” and “thick darkness” refer to divine judgment. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) This phrase means the same thing as, and intensifies the idea of the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “day full of dark storm clouds”
43 2:2 h3d1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠שַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽ⁠הָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 When direct sunlight shines on a mountain at dawn, it begins at the top and spreads to the bottom. When an army comes over a mountain range, it comes over the top and spreads out as it comes down. Alternate translation: “A large, mighty army comes over the mountains into the land. They spread over the land like the light from the rising sun”
44 2:2 ekb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְ⁠עָצ֔וּם 1 The words “large” and “mighty” share similar meanings here and emphasize that the army will be very strong. The word **army** could possibly be: (1) a metaphor for a swarm of locusts or (2) referring to a human army. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
45 2:3 fly5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ 1 A fire destroys everything as it moves, and the “army” ([Joel 2:2](../02/02.md)), whether of humans or of locusts, destroys everything as it moves.
50 2:4 myc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ⁠כְ⁠פָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּ⁠ן 1 Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly.
51 2:5 m6fl יְרַקֵּד֔וּ⁠ן 1 A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly.
52 2:5 n75f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠ק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת & כְּ⁠קוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ & כְּ⁠עַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה 1 These sounds would have been very frightening to Joel’s readers. If your readers will not understand what these sound like, you might be able to use a more general phrase: “a noise that frightens everyone”
2:7 e5ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כְּ⁠גִבּוֹרִ֣ים יְרֻצ֔וּ⁠ן כְּ⁠אַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה יַעֲל֣וּ חוֹמָ֑ה 1 The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
53 2:7 d4kv חוֹמָ֑ה 1 walls around the cities
54 2:8 yt67 וּ⁠בְעַ֥ד הַ⁠שֶּׁ֛לַח יִפֹּ֖לוּ 1 they overcome the soldiers defending the city.
55 2:10 iu1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם 1 Joel speaks of the earth and heavens as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that the army is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the earth and the heavens are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone on earth and in the heavens is very afraid” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
92 2:28 ny8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר 1 Here “flesh” represents people. Alternate translation: “all people”
93 2:30 fxj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דָּ֣ם וָ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠תִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן 1 “blood” is symbolizing the death of people. Alternate translation: “death, fire and pillars of smoke”
94 2:31 e1db הַ⁠שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְ⁠חֹ֔שֶׁךְ 1 Alternate translation: “The sun will no longer give light”
95 2:31 fc5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠הַ⁠יָּרֵ֖חַ לְ⁠דָ֑ם 1 Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. You can supply the verb for this phrase. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) Here the word “blood” refers to the color red. Alternate translation: “the moon will turn red like blood”
96 2:32 w6nv וְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל 1 Alternate translation: “This is what will happen: everyone”
97 2:32 t1vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט 1 The name is a metonym for the person. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The name is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will save everyone who calls on his name”
98 2:32 k5zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּ⁠הַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּ⁠בִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם 1 These refer to the same place. Alternate translation: “on Mount Zion in Jerusalem”
99 2:32 j194 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא 1 The phrase “there will be” is understood from earlier in the sentence. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “among the survivors there will be those whom Yahweh calls”
100 2:32 e73u וּ⁠בַ֨⁠שְּׂרִידִ֔ים 1 These **survivors** are people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster.