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EXO 32 (#2236)
Co-authored-by: deferredreward <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <benjamin.wright@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2236 Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-committed-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ EXO 25 10 cs23 translate-bdistance אַמָּתַ֨יִם וָחֵ֜צִי…
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EXO 25 10 74nh translate-fraction וָחֵ֜צִי …וָחֵ֨צִי֙ …וָחֵ֖צִי 1 two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half The word **half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
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EXO 25 12 wbq8 translate-unknown וְיָצַ֣קְתָּ לּ֗וֹ אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב 1 cast four rings of gold Casting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden. If this sort of metal-working process is unknown to your people, you may simply describe it, or use a word meaning “make” as the UST does. The UST approach is preferred, as the creation process is not in focus here, and it would be cumbersome to include the description in the text. You could use a word meaning “make” and include the description in a footnote, if you are including those, and your team feels it is important to understand. Alternate translation: “You shall make four rings of gold by melting the gold and pouring it into molds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 25 13 77xm translate-unknown שִׁטִּ֑ים 1 cast four rings of gold A small tree with spreading foliage and durable wood. See how you translated this in [25:5](../25/05.md). [See on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shittah_tree) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 25 15 k67p figs-parallelism בְּטַבְּעֹת֙ הָאָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַבַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ 1 General Information: These two phrases mean similar things. Yahweh is saying basically the same thing twice to emphasize how important this command is. If it is confusing for your readers to repeat both phrases, you can combine them and show the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “The poles belong in the rings of the box; never is anyone to remove them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 25 15 k67p figs-parallelism בְּטַבְּעֹת֙ הָאָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַבַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ 1 General Information: These two phrases mean similar things. Yahweh is saying basically the same thing twice to emphasize how important this command is. If it is confusing for your readers to repeat both phrases, you can combine them and show the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “The poles belong in the rings of the box; never is anyone to remove them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 25 15 6j01 figs-activepassive בְּטַבְּעֹת֙ הָאָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַבַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ 1 General Information: You can translate this in active form. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 25 17 ast8 translate-bdistance אַמָּתַ֤יִם וָחֵ֨צִי֙…וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי 1 two and a half cubits…a cubit and a half You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to the metric system is: 115 centimeters … 69 centimeters … 69 centimeters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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EXO 25 17 468p translate-fraction וָחֵ֨צִי֙ …וָחֵ֖צִי 1 two and a half cubits…a cubit and a half The word **half** means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
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@ -2119,59 +2119,89 @@ EXO 31 16 n7q2 לְדֹרֹתָ֖ם 1 They must observe it throughout the
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EXO 31 16 yef8 בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם 1 lasting covenant “a covenant that will always exist” or “a lasting covenant”
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EXO 31 17 oc30 figs-activepassive וַיִּנָּפַֽשׁ 1 lasting covenant You can state this in an active manner. Alternate translation: “and he refreshed himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 31 18 xc6h figs-activepassive 1 written on by his own hand This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 32 intro vv2w 0 # Exodus 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idolatry<br>The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 1 cfk8 figs-metaphor 1 the people saw Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 1 k2i1 1 Come, make us an idol The word “come” strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them.
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EXO 32 1 mrb5 1 go before us “lead us” or “be our leader”
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EXO 32 2 p86s 1 bring them to me The word “them” refers to the golden rings.
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EXO 32 3 ckg2 1 All the people This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses’ God as their God.
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EXO 32 4 uf9e 1 fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf.
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EXO 32 5 ztx4 figs-explicit 1 When Aaron saw this You may need to make explicit what he saw. “When Aaron saw what the people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 6 as6u 1 to carouse in wild celebration “to have a wild party.” The people likely behaved in sexually immoral ways at the party.
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EXO 32 8 eua5 figs-metaphor 1 left the way that I commanded them Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what I commanded them to do” or “have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 9 bh7c figs-metaphor 1 I have seen this people Here Yahweh compares knowing the people to seeing them. Alternate translation: “I know this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 9 ffe2 figs-metaphor 1 a stiff-necked people Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. Alternate translation: “a stubborn people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 10 fmk3 1 Now then The word “now” is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people.
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EXO 32 10 sd9w figs-metaphor 1 My anger will burn hot against them Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. Alternate translation: “My anger towards them will be terrible” or “I am extremely angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 10 vc2u figs-you 1 from you The word **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 32 11 h62e figs-metaphor 1 why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand? Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not let your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand.” or “Do not be so angry with your people…a mighty hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 32 11 t2cv figs-doublet 1 great power…mighty hand These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 32 11 ph43 figs-metonymy 1 a mighty hand Here the word “hand” refers to the things Yahweh did. Alternate translation: “and the powerful things you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 12 k26p 1 General Information: Moses continues to reason with God not to destroy Israel.
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EXO 32 12 r8ij figs-rquestion 1 Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’ Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 32 12 kzh7 1 face of the earth “from the surface of the earth” or “from the earth”
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EXO 32 12 fns1 1 Turn from your burning anger “Stop your burning anger” or “Stop being so angry”
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EXO 32 12 p1df figs-metaphor 1 your burning anger Moses speaks of God’s anger as if it were a fire that was burning. Alternate translation: “your terrible anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 13 t9sa 1 Call to mind Abraham “Remember Abraham” or “Think about Abraham”
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EXO 32 13 p8jq 1 you swore “you made an oath” or “you solemnly promised”
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EXO 32 13 q1g1 figs-metaphor 1 They will inherit it forever God speaks about them possessing the land as if they would inherit it. Alternate translation: “They will possess it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 15 cx7z 1 tablets of the covenant decrees These are the two stone slabs on which God had engraved his commandments.
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EXO 32 16 w3ua figs-parallelism 1 The tablets were God’s own work, and the writing was God’s own writing These two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were “God’s own work.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 32 17 cua3 figs-explicit 1 he said to Moses It is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 19 hr2j 1 the tablets “the two stone slabs that Yahweh had written on”
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EXO 32 21 du5l figs-quotations 1 Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people…a great sin on them?” This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses asked Aaron what the people do to him, that he have brought such a great sin on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 32 21 np73 figs-metaphor 1 you have brought such a great sin on them Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to sin so terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 22 z2ch figs-metaphor 1 Do not let your anger burn hot Aaron spoke of Moses’ anger as if it were a fire that could burn. “Do not be so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 22 vdy2 figs-metaphor 1 they are set on doing evil Being determined to do evil is spoken of as being set on evil. Alternate translation: “they are determined to do what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 23 zn68 1 this Moses People showed disrespect by putting the word “this” before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust.
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EXO 32 24 yq7s figs-quotations 1 So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’ This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 32 24 b3l5 1 I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf Instead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally.
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EXO 32 25 ck1f 1 were running wild “were behaving wildly” or “were not controlling themselves”
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EXO 32 26 jis7 figs-quotations 1 Then Moses stood at the entrance…“Whoever is on Yahweh’s side, come to me.” This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said that whoever was on Yahweh’s side should come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 32 26 ryb5 figs-metaphor 1 Whoever is on Yahweh’s side Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being on Yahweh’s side. Alternate translation: “Whoever is loyal to Yahweh” or “Whoever serves Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 intro vv2w 0 # Exodus 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events in verses 1-6 of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen some time during the events recorded between Exodus 24:15 and Exodus 31. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])<br><br><br>- v. 1-6: The people ask Aaron to make them a god and he makes the golden calf<br>- v. 7-29 - Yahweh and Moses’ reaction<br> - v. 11-14 - Moses intercedes for the people<br>- v. 30-34 - Moses intercedes for the people<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idolatry<br>The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 1 oan6 writing-newevent 0 the people saw This chapter begins with a major scene shift, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 32 1 cfk8 figs-metaphor וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם 1 the people saw Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “And the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 1 lnau figs-rpronouns וַיִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעָ֜ם 1 the people saw This means the people were not summoned by Aaron, they decided to come **gather themselves.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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EXO 32 1 k2i1 figs-idiom ק֣וּם 1 Come, make us an idol **Arise** strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them. It did not necessarily mean to literally stand up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 1 mrb5 figs-metonymy יֵֽלְכוּ֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ 1 go before us Here, **gods that shall go before our faces** means that the Israelites want idols to lead them. Alternate translation: “shall lead us” or “shall be our leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 1 wulk כִּי־זֶ֣ה׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה 1 go before us People showed disrespect by putting the word **this** before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust. They were creating distance between him and themselves socially. When translating, use a form in your language that communicates the same sense of disassociation between people.
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EXO 32 2 p86s writing-pronouns וְהָבִ֖יאוּ 1 bring them to me The word **them** refers to the golden rings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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EXO 32 3 ckg2 figs-hyperbole כָּל־הָעָ֔ם 1 All the people This refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Yahweh as their God. Later parts of the text reveal that there were people still faithful to Moses and Yahweh, and a great deal more gold. Alternate translation: “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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EXO 32 4 uf9e translate-unknown וַיָּ֤צַר אֹתוֹ֙ בַּחֶ֔רֶט וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה 1 fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf Most likely this means that Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 32 4 cc7s writing-pronouns וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ 1 fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf It is not clear who **they** is who spoke. Alternate translation: “And someone said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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EXO 32 4 ence figs-123person אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ …הֶעֱל֖וּךָ 1 fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf Because the speaker of this sentence is unknown and mentioned in the plural, it is possible that it is the people speaking. In that case, it would be possible for a translation to use the first person rather than second person here. Alternate translation: “our gods … brought us up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 32 4 n17v אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf In the text, there only appears to be one “god” (the golden calf idol) presented to Israel. If it would be clearer to your audience, you may consider translating **these … gods** as singular. Alternate translation: “this is your god”
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EXO 32 5 ztx4 figs-explicit וַיַּ֣רְא אַהֲרֹ֔ן 1 When Aaron saw this You may need to make explicit what he saw. “When Aaron saw what the people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 5 odaq figs-metonymy לְפָנָ֑יו 1 When Aaron saw this Here, **before its face** means in front of. Alternate translation: “in front of it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 5 p2df figs-explicit לְפָנָ֑יו 1 When Aaron saw this Here, **it** is the golden bull-calf. Alternate translation: “in front of the bull-calf idol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 6 as6u figs-euphemism לְצַחֵֽק 1 to carouse in wild celebration This word may imply drunken and sexual sin (for a sexual implication see [Genesis 26:8](../GEN/26/08)). However, the only actions mentioned in the text are singing ([v. 18](../32/18.md)) and dancing ([v. 19](../32/19.md)) so translators should avoid using a term that is overly suggestive. Alternate translation: “to revel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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EXO 32 7 iajs writing-newevent 1 to carouse in wild celebration There is a scene shift back to the top of the mountain with Moses and Yahweh here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 32 7 tcek figs-rpronouns שִׁחֵ֣ת 1 to carouse in wild celebration Here, the reflexive **themselves** is used to translate the fact that the Israelites actions made the Israelites corrupt. Alternate translation: “have acted corruptly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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EXO 32 8 eua5 figs-metaphor סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם 1 left the way that I commanded them Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. Alternate translation: “They have quickly stopped doing what I commanded them to do” or “They have quickly stopped obeying what I commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 8 tg9e figs-quotemarks אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם 1 left the way that I commanded them This is a second-level direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 32 8 w7v8 figs-quotesinquotes אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם 1 left the way that I commanded them You may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “that these are your gods, Israel, that brought you up from the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 32 8 sjj1 אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 left the way that I commanded them In the text, there only appears to be one “god” (the golden calf idol) presented to Israel. If it would be clearer to your audience, you may consider translating **these … gods** as singular. See how you translated this in [verse 4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “this is your god”
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EXO 32 8 f62v figs-123person אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ …הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ 1 left the way that I commanded them Because the speaker of this sentence is unknown and mentioned in the plural, it is possible that it is the people speaking. In that case, it would be possible for a translation to use the first person rather than second person here. See how you translated this in [verse 4](../32/04.md). Alternate translation: “our gods … brought us up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 32 9 ffe2 figs-metaphor עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף 1 a stiff-necked people Yahweh speaks of the people being rebellous as if they had hard necks. The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him (not going in the way God commanded). Alternate translation: “is a rebellous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 9 my87 grammar-collectivenouns הַזֶּ֔ה …הֽוּא 1 a stiff-necked people **People** is a collective noun so the pronouns refering to the people are singular. You may use plural pronouns if that is the normal usage in your language. Alternate translation: “these … they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 32 10 fmk3 grammar-connect-logic-result וְעַתָּה֙ 1 Now then **So now** is used here to mark that Yahweh’s next statements are a result of what he has said in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 32 10 sd9w figs-idiom וְיִֽחַר־אַפִּ֥י בָהֶ֖ם 1 My anger will burn hot against them This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “And let me be angry with them”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 10 vc2u writing-pronouns אוֹתְךָ֖ 1 from you The word **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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EXO 32 11 h62e figs-rquestion לָמָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ יֶחֱרֶ֤ה אַפְּךָ֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֨אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּכֹ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand? Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, do not let your nose burn against your people whom you have brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a strong hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 32 11 nuwf figs-idiom יֶחֱרֶ֤ה אַפְּךָ֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔ךָ 1 My anger will burn hot against them This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “are you angry with your people”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 11 t2cv figs-doublet בְּכֹ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 great power…mighty hand These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. If doubling in this way would not convey emphasis in your language, you will need to find a way to translate it that does give emphasis. Alternate translation: “using your very strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 32 11 ph43 figs-metonymy וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 a mighty hand Here, **hand** represents God’s actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “and with powerful works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 12 r8ij figs-rquestion לָמָּה֩ יֹאמְר֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר בְּרָעָ֤ה הֽוֹצִיאָם֙ לַהֲרֹ֤ג אֹתָם֙ בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וּ֨לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’ Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, ‘He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains and to destroy them from on the face of the earth.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 32 12 yvez figs-quotesinquotes יֹאמְר֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר בְּרָעָ֤ה הֽוֹצִיאָם֙ לַהֲרֹ֤ג אֹתָם֙ בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וּ֨לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה 1 Why should the Egyptians say, ‘He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?’ After **saying,** this is a second-level quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.<br>However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “the Egyptians say that you brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains and to destroy them from on the face of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 32 12 kzh7 figs-metonymy מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה 1 face of the earth Here, **face** means “surface.” Alternate translation: “from the surface of the earth” or “from the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 12 fns1 שׁ֚וּב מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔ךָ 1 Turn from your burning anger “Stop your burning anger” or “Stop being so angry”
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EXO 32 12 iz5q figs-idiom שׁ֚וּב מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔ךָ וְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־הָרָעָ֖ה לְעַמֶּֽךָ 1 Turn from your burning anger Here, Yahweh’s anger (burning nose) and plan to punish the people are spoken of as things that he could turn away from and repent of (repentence also means to turn from). This imagry may not translate into your langauge and you may need to use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Calm down and please do not stay determined to do evil to your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 12 p1df figs-idiom מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔ךָ 1 your burning anger This is an idiom that means anger. Alternate translation: “your terrible anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 13 t9sa זְכֹ֡ר 1 Call to mind Abraham “Think about”
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EXO 32 13 p8jq נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתָּ 1 you swore “you made an oath”
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EXO 32 13 q1g1 וְכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ הַזֹּ֜את אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֗רְתִּי אֶתֵּן֙ לְזַרְעֲכֶ֔ם 1 They will inherit it forever That is, the land of Canaan.
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EXO 32 15 cx7z figs-activepassive לֻחֹ֗ת כְּתֻבִים֙ מִשְּׁנֵ֣י עֶבְרֵיהֶ֔ם מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה הֵ֥ם כְּתֻבִֽים 1 tablets of the covenant decrees If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had written on both the sides of the tablets, on this side and on that side he had written.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 32 16 w3ua figs-infostructure וְהַ֨לֻּחֹ֔ת מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה וְהַמִּכְתָּ֗ב מִכְתַּ֤ב אֱלֹהִים֙ ה֔וּא 1 The tablets were God’s own work, and the writing was God’s own writing These two sentences have an unusual structure that places emphasis on **tablets** and **writing**. If your language would emphasize these topics in a different way than moving them to the front of the sentence follow your language’s natural usage for emphasis. Alternate translation: “And the tablets themselves were the work of God. And the writing itself was the writing of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
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EXO 32 17 cua3 writing-participants יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ 1 he said to Moses Joshua was last mentioned in [Exodus 24:13](../24/13.md). The text does not say if he was on top of the mountain with Moses or if he waited for him part way up. Consider if your language will need to re-introduce Joshua in any way here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 32 18 r0gm writing-poetry אֵ֥ין קוֹל֙ עֲנ֣וֹת גְּבוּרָ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל עֲנ֣וֹת חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ 1 he said to Moses These lines are widely considered to be poetic. It is not clear why a poetic form is used here. In some languages it may not be appropriate to convey this response in poetic form, in which case another form may be used. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
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EXO 32 18 m4k0 figs-parallelism אֵ֥ין קוֹל֙ עֲנ֣וֹת גְּבוּרָ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל עֲנ֣וֹת חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ 1 he said to Moses The poetic form here is parallelism in the repetition of **sound of singing**. If it would be unclear to say that Moses heard **the sound of singing** in the third line after saying he didn't hear the sound of singing twice before, something more like the UST may be followed that is more contrastive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 32 18 fdg8 figs-explicit ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ 1 he said to Moses If it is unclear to say that Moses hears **the sound of singing** after twice saying he didn't hear that, you may want to make the type of singing explicit. Consider refering to your translation of the last word of [verse 6](../32/06.md) (to play in the ULT). Alternate translation: “the sound of playful singing I hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 19 hr2j figs-idiom וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף 1 the tablets This is an idiom for being angry. Alternate translation: “And Moses was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 19 d8zo תַּ֥חַת 1 the tablets “at the bottom of”
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EXO 32 21 du5l figs-quotesinquotes וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן מֶֽה־עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֥אתָ עָלָ֖יו חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדֹלָֽה׃ 1 Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people…a great sin on them?” Moses’ question is a second-level quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.<br>However, you may want to translate this as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage.. Alternate translation: “Then Moses asked Aaron what the people did to him, that he had brought such a great sin on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 32 21 np73 figs-metaphor כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֥אתָ עָלָ֖יו חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדֹלָֽה 1 you have brought such a great sin on them Moses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. Alternate translation: “that you have caused them to sin greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 22 z2ch figs-idiom אַל־יִ֥חַר אַ֖ף 1 Do not let your anger burn hot This is an idiom for anger. Alternate translation: “Do not be angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 22 vdy2 figs-idiom כִּ֥י בְרָ֖ע הֽוּא 1 they are set on doing evil This is probably an idiom meaning one of two things: 1) that the people are prone to evil, 2) that the people were in trouble (that is, they felt troubled because of not having contact with God). Alternate translation: “that they are set on evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 22 h6dm figs-123person הֽוּא 1 they are set on doing evil Here, **it** is used because **people** is grammatically singular in Hebrew. Alternate translation: “they are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 32 23 w91d figs-quotesinquotes עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵלְכ֖וּ לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֨נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃ 1 they are set on doing evil This is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 32 23 zn68 זֶ֣ה׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ 1 this Moses People showed disrespect by putting the word **this** before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust. They were creating distance between him and themselves socially. When translating, use a form in your language that communicates the same sense of disassociation between people. See how you translated this in [verse 1](../32/01.md).
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EXO 32 24 yq7s figs-quotesinquotes וָאֹמַ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לְמִ֣י זָהָ֔ב הִתְפָּרָ֖קוּ 1 So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’ **Whoever has gold, take it off yourself** is a second-level quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation.<br>However, this can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 32 24 yy82 figs-rpronouns הִתְפָּרָ֖קוּ 1 So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’ He instructs people to take their own gold off. Alternate translation: “you take off your own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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EXO 32 24 wvin grammar-connect-logic-result וָאַשְׁלִכֵ֣הוּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וַיֵּצֵ֖א הָעֵ֥גֶל הַזֶּֽה 1 So I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.’ Aaron claims an unusual sequence of events here. The translation should surprise an audience unfamiliar with the story. He states that the result of simply throwing gold in the fire is the apperance (by its own power or volition it seems) of the calf. This is a lie. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 32 25 ck1f פָרֻ֖עַ 1 were running wild “were behaving wildly” or “were not controlling themselves”
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EXO 32 25 csg0 grammar-collectivenouns כִּ֥י פָרֻ֖עַ ה֑וּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹ֣ה אַהֲרֹ֔ן 1 were running wild Here, the pronoun **it** agrees with the grammatical number of **people** (singular). Alternate translation: “that they were let loose, for Aaron had let them loose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 32 26 jis7 figs-quotations וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י 1 Then Moses stood at the entrance…“Whoever is on Yahweh’s side, come to me.” You can state this as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “and said that whoever was for Yahweh should come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 32 26 ryb5 figs-idiom מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה 1 Whoever is on Yahweh’s side Moses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being **for Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “Whoever serves Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 27 xsl3 1 go back and forth from entrance to entrance “go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp”
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EXO 32 28 at4i translate-numbers 1 three thousand of the people “3000 of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 32 29 jzp1 1 You have been placed into Yahweh’s service This probably means “You have been chosen to serve Yahweh” or “You have become Yahweh’s servants.”
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EXO 32 29 c6fg figs-explicit 1 for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 30 r5fn 1 You have committed a very great sin They worshiped an idol.
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EXO 32 30 yi3e figs-metaphor 1 Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin Moses spoke of persuading God to forgive the people as if he could make atonement for their sin. Alternate translation: “Perhaps I can persuade Yahweh to forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 32 32 c72y figs-metonymy 1 blot me out of the book The word “me” here refers to the name of Moses. Alternate translation: “erase my name from the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 32 ahb3 figs-explicit 1 the book that you have written What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the book in which you have written the names of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 33 igb4 figs-metonymy 1 that person I will blot out of my book The phrase “that person” represents “that person’s name.” Alternate translation: “I will erase that person’s name from my book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 33 qwk9 1 my book This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](../32/32.md).
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EXO 32 34 xn8p 1 But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them On the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them.
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EXO 32 35 ddg6 1 Yahweh sent a plague on the people This plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the people very sick”
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EXO 32 35 wv1v 1 they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made Even though Aaron made the calf, the people were also guilty because they told Aaron to do it. Alternate translation: “they told Aaron to make the calf”
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EXO 32 28 at4i translate-numbers כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אַלְפֵ֖י 1 three thousand of the people “about three thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 32 29 to5d figs-idiom מִלְא֨וּ יֶדְכֶ֤ם 1 You have been placed into Yahweh’s service This seems to be an idiom for giving authority to someone. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:41](../28/41.md). However, this usage is different from that text as here it is not specified what authority they are given or what they are consecrated for other than **for Yahweh**. Alternate translation: “Consecrate yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 32 29 rkp6 מִלְא֨וּ יֶדְכֶ֤ם הַיּוֹם֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה 1 You have been placed into Yahweh’s service Here it is unclear if **fill** should be rightly understood in the past or as a command. You may want to follow the decision of another translation your people are familiar with. Alternate translation: “You have filled your hand for Yahweh today”
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EXO 32 29 c6fg figs-explicit כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ בִּבְנ֖וֹ וּבְאָחִ֑יו 1 for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 29 l54l וְלָתֵ֧ת עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הַיּ֖וֹם בְּרָכָֽה 1 for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother This phrase is difficult to interpret. Several options depend on exactly how the conjunction, preposition, and verb combination are interpreted. The first difficulty is related to the difficulty with the previous verb, have they already been blessed or are they going to be blessed? (Alternate translation: “and to have given a blessing over you today”) The second is, should the clause connections be understood to say that the blessing is because of their actions, or more strongly, that a desire for blessing motivated them to take action? (Alternate translation: “and therefore to give a blessing over you today” or “so that a blessing may be given over you today”) The third is, while ultimately all blessing is from Yahweh, is Yahweh or the Levites the subject? (Alternate translation: “and to give a blessing over yourselves today” or “and so Yahweh gives a blessing over you today”) As with the previous clause, you may want to follow the decision of another translation your people are familiar with. Alternate translation: “by that you brought blessing on yourselves”
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EXO 32 30 kvj4 figs-doublet חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה 1 You have committed a very great sin Here, **sin** is repeated as a verb and then noun for emphasis. Along with **great** it suggests that the people sinned very very badly. If the repetition of words in this way would not create emphasis use another form in your language that does. Alternate translation: “you have sinned extremally badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 32 31 ccpg figs-doublet חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה 1 You have committed a very great sin Here, **sin** is repeated as a verb and then noun for emphasis. Along with **great** it suggests that the people sinned very very badly. If the repetition of words in this way would not create emphasis use another form in your language that does. Alternate translation: “this people has sinned extremally badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 32 30 r5fn figs-abstractnouns חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה 1 You have committed a very great sin If your language does not use an abstract noun for **sin**, you could express the idea behind it in another way. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 32 31 y049 figs-abstractnouns חֲטָאָ֣ה 1 You have committed a very great sin If your language does not use an abstract noun for **sin**, you could express the idea behind it in another way. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 32 31 yeta אֱלֹהֵ֥י 1 You have committed a very great sin “a god”
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EXO 32 32 brpu figs-ellipsis וְעַתָּ֖ה אִם־תִּשָּׂ֣א חַטָּאתָ֑ם 1 blot me out of the book Moses leaves out his conclusion, perhaps as a way of making this conditional phrase into a request, perhaps to avoid suggesting to God what would be good for him to do. However, if leaving out a conclusion would be misunderstood in your language you may need to rephrase it or add the implied conclusion. Alternate translation: “But now, if you forgive their sin, good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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EXO 32 32 c72y figs-metonymy מְחֵ֣נִי 1 blot me out of the book The word “me” here refers to the name of Moses. Alternate translation: “erase my name from the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 32 ahb3 figs-explicit כָּתָֽבְתָּ 1 the book that you have written What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the book in which you have written the names of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 33 igb4 figs-metonymy אֶמְחֶ֖נּוּ מִסִּפְרִֽי 1 that person I will blot out of my book Here, “him” represents that person’s name. Alternate translation: “I will erase that person’s name from my book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 32 33 qwk9 מִסִּפְרִֽי 1 my book This refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](../32/32.md).
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EXO 32 34 xn8p grammar-connect-logic-result וּבְי֣וֹם פָּקְדִ֔י וּפָקַדְתִּ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם חַטָּאתָֽם 1 But on the day that I punish them, I will punish them Yahweh makes it clear that he will punish the people because they sinned by making and worshipping the idol. If it would be more clear in your language to place the reason first you may consider reordering the clauses. Alternate translation: “However, because they sinned, one day I will come to punish them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 32 35 wv1v figs-explicit עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הָעֵ֔גֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אַהֲרֹֽן 1 they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made The first **made** here could mean 1) “do” which could imply worship 2) the people are being spoken of as having made the calf themselves (as well as Aaron) because they demanded it and gave their gold for it. Alternate translation: “they had worshiped the calf that Aaron made” or “they were guilty along with Aaron of making the calf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 35 h3kl grammar-connect-logic-result וַיִּגֹּ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעָ֑ם עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הָעֵ֔גֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אַהֲרֹֽן 1 they had made the calf, the one that Aaron made If your language requires placing the reason before the result you may reorder these clauses. Alternate translation: “And on account that they had made the calf (that Aaron made), Yahweh plagued the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 33 intro g5k3 0 # Exodus 33 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant<br>While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
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EXO 33 1 p8xp 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses of his anger.
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EXO 33 3 yyt4 figs-metonymy 1 that land, which is flowing with milk and honey The land was good for raising livestock and growing crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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