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@ -47,10 +47,11 @@ front:intro kwv9 0 # Introduction to 3 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way he truly obeys Jesus”
1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is speaking of **the truth** as if it were a living thing that could testify that Demetrius is a good person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his right way of living”
1:12 xkqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **attest**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we too firmly attest”
1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him and do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν 1 The expression **with ink and pen** contains extra information about the materials used for writing that would be considered understood and thus unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. John is not saying that he would write about these things with something other than ink and pen. He is saying that he does not wish to write about these things at all. Alternate translation: “I do not want to write about them to you”
1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here the words **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him but do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου 1 John is using something associated with a letter, the **ink and pen** he would use to write a letter, to represent the letter itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as in UST: “in a letter”
1:14 r8i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom στόμα πρὸς στόμα 1 Here, **mouth to mouth** is an idiom meaning “in person.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “face to face” or “in person”
1:15 v8yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing εἰρήνη σοι 1 John ends his letter with a blessing for Gaius. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May God give you peace”
1:15 mhs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀσπάζονταί σε οἱ φίλοι 1 John assumes that Gaius will understand that he is referring to the believers who are with John. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The believers with me send their greetings to you”
1:15 lq8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους 1 John assumes that Gaius will understand that he is referring to the believers who are there with Gaius, and that he is to pass on the greetings to them from John and from the believers who are with John. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Greet the believers there for us”
1:15 gwe0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνη σοι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May God make you peaceful”
1:15 mhs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀσπάζονταί σε οἱ φίλοι 1 John assumes that Gaius will understand that by **The friends** in this instance, he means the believers who are with him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The believers with me send their greetings to you”
1:15 lq8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους 1 John assumes that Gaius will understand that when he says **the friends** in this instance, he is referring to the believers who are there with Gaius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Greet the believers there for us”
1:15 dxln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom κατ’ ὄνομα 1 Here, **by name** is an idiom that means “personally.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one by one” or “personally”

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
47 1:12 jogk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “by the way he truly obeys Jesus”
48 1:12 rad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 John is speaking of **the truth** as if it were a living thing that could testify that Demetrius is a good person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by his right way of living”
49 1:12 xkqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns καὶ ἡμεῖς & μαρτυροῦμεν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **attest**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we too firmly attest”
50 1:12 a16a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ἡμῶν 1 Here, **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him and do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. Here the words **we** and **our** refer to John and those with him but do not include Gaius, so use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
51 1:13 am6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy οὐ θέλω διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου σοι γράφειν διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου 1 The expression **with ink and pen** contains extra information about the materials used for writing that would be considered understood and thus unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. John is not saying that he would write about these things with something other than ink and pen. He is saying that he does not wish to write about these things at all. Alternate translation: “I do not want to write about them to you” John is using something associated with a letter, the **ink and pen** he would use to write a letter, to represent the letter itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation, as in UST: “in a letter”
52 1:14 r8i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom στόμα πρὸς στόμα 1 Here, **mouth to mouth** is an idiom meaning “in person.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “face to face” or “in person”
53 1:15 v8yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing εἰρήνη σοι 1 John ends his letter with a blessing for Gaius. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “May God give you peace”
54 1:15 mhs1 gwe0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀσπάζονταί σε οἱ φίλοι εἰρήνη σοι 1 John assumes that Gaius will understand that he is referring to the believers who are with John. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The believers with me send their greetings to you” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “May God make you peaceful”
55 1:15 lq8r mhs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους ἀσπάζονταί σε οἱ φίλοι 1 John assumes that Gaius will understand that he is referring to the believers who are there with Gaius, and that he is to pass on the greetings to them from John and from the believers who are with John. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Greet the believers there for us” John assumes that Gaius will understand that by **The friends** in this instance, he means the believers who are with him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The believers with me send their greetings to you”
56 1:15 lq8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους 1 John assumes that Gaius will understand that when he says **the friends** in this instance, he is referring to the believers who are there with Gaius. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Greet the believers there for us”
57 1:15 dxln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom κατ’ ὄνομα 1 Here, **by name** is an idiom that means “personally.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one by one” or “personally”