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@ -17,12 +17,13 @@ front:intro kwv9 0 # Introduction to 3 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
1:7 d8y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ & τοῦ ὀνόματος 1 John is referring specifically to the name of Jesus. He is using the term **name** by association to mean Jesus himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to tell people about Jesus”
1:7 yzc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know what he means by **accepting nothing from the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. This could mean: (1) that the traveling believers had resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers. Alternate translation: “and they have resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers” (2) that people who did not believe in Jesus would not help these traveling believers. Alternate translation: “and no unbelievers are assisting them”
1:7 hk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 Here, **Gentiles** does not mean people who are not Jewish. It refers to any people who do not trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “unbelievers”
1:8 m0qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. In this case, **we ourselves** ought to help these people because “the Gentiles” (verse 7) do not help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why”
1:8 pgqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν 1 John is using **we ourselves** to refer to Gaius, himself, and all believers, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction.
1:8 hdjg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 The implication is that **to welcome** these people includes providing what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to support”
1:8 m0qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 John is using the word translated as **Therefore** to introduce the result that should follow from the reason he gave at the end of the previous verse. Because **such {ones}** are accepting nothing from “the Gentiles” (verse 7), believers ought to help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why”
1:8 b84m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **ought**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we certainly should welcome”
1:8 pgqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν 1 John is using the words translated as **we** and **ourselves** to refer to Gaius, himself, and all believers. So use the inclusive forms of those words if your language marks that distinction.
1:8 hdjg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know that when he tells him to **welcome** these believers, he means that Gaius should provide what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to support”
1:8 dw7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks becoming **fellow workers** as a goal or purpose of welcoming people **such as these**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “and in this way”
1:8 d2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is speaking as if the **truth** were a living thing that he and his fellow Christians could become **workers** for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people”
1:8 ab01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 Here, **the truth** is spoken of as though it were a person that John, Gaius, and others worked for. This could refer to: (1) the true message from God. Alternate translation: “who spread God's true message” (2) God himself, who is Truth. Alternate translation: “for the true God”
1:8 d2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is speaking as if the **truth** were a living thing that he and his fellow Christians could become **workers** with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that we can cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people”
1:8 ab01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is using the term **truth** to represent something or someone associated with the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. This could mean: (1) the true message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s true message” (2) God himself, who is Truth. Alternate translation: “the true God”
1:9 abp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τι 1 What John wrote was a letter, probably containing instructions about helping traveling Christian teachers. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a letter about this”
1:9 tm9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 Here, **the church** refers to Gaius and the group of believers who regularly met together with him to worship God. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the assembly of believers in your place”
1:9 cz9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Διοτρέφης 1 **Diotrephes** was a man who was a leader of the church.

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
17 1:7 d8y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ & τοῦ ὀνόματος 1 John is referring specifically to the name of Jesus. He is using the term **name** by association to mean Jesus himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to tell people about Jesus”
18 1:7 yzc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μηδὲν λαμβάνοντες ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know what he means by **accepting nothing from the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. This could mean: (1) that the traveling believers had resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers. Alternate translation: “and they have resolved not to accept any help from unbelievers” (2) that people who did not believe in Jesus would not help these traveling believers. Alternate translation: “and no unbelievers are assisting them”
19 1:7 hk3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν ἐθνικῶν 1 Here, **Gentiles** does not mean people who are not Jewish. It refers to any people who do not trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “unbelievers”
20 1:8 m0qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 **Therefore** indicates that what follows is a result of what came before. In this case, **we ourselves** ought to help these people because “the Gentiles” (verse 7) do not help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why” John is using the word translated as **Therefore** to introduce the result that should follow from the reason he gave at the end of the previous verse. Because **such {ones}** are accepting nothing from “the Gentiles” (verse 7), believers ought to help them. Use a connector in your language that makes this relationship clear. Alternate translation: “This is why”
21 1:8 pgqr b84m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 John is using **we ourselves** to refer to Gaius, himself, and all believers, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. For emphasis, John is stating the pronoun **we**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **ought**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **ourselves**. Alternate translation: “we certainly should welcome”
22 1:8 hdjg pgqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ὑπολαμβάνειν ἡμεῖς & ὀφείλομεν 1 The implication is that **to welcome** these people includes providing what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to support” John is using the words translated as **we** and **ourselves** to refer to Gaius, himself, and all believers. So use the inclusive forms of those words if your language marks that distinction.
23 1:8 hdjg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπολαμβάνειν 1 John assumes that Gaius will know that when he tells him to **welcome** these believers, he means that Gaius should provide what they need for their journey. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to help” or “to support”
24 1:8 dw7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 Here, **so that** marks becoming **fellow workers** as a goal or purpose of welcoming people **such as these**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is a purpose. Alternate translation: “and in this way”
25 1:8 d2l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἵνα συνεργοὶ γινώμεθα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 John is speaking as if the **truth** were a living thing that he and his fellow Christians could become **workers** for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that we will cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people” John is speaking as if the **truth** were a living thing that he and his fellow Christians could become **workers** with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that we can cooperate with them in announcing God’s truth to people”
26 1:8 ab01 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 Here, **the truth** is spoken of as though it were a person that John, Gaius, and others worked for. This could refer to: (1) the true message from God. Alternate translation: “who spread God's true message” (2) God himself, who is Truth. Alternate translation: “for the true God” John is using the term **truth** to represent something or someone associated with the truth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. This could mean: (1) the true message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s true message” (2) God himself, who is Truth. Alternate translation: “the true God”
27 1:9 abp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τι 1 What John wrote was a letter, probably containing instructions about helping traveling Christian teachers. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a letter about this”
28 1:9 tm9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 Here, **the church** refers to Gaius and the group of believers who regularly met together with him to worship God. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the assembly of believers in your place”
29 1:9 cz9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Διοτρέφης 1 **Diotrephes** was a man who was a leader of the church.