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@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
4:23 apyu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר לֶ֜מֶךְ 1 “{One time,} Lamech said {proudly}” or “{One day,} Lamech bragged/boasted”. Consider what is the best way in your language to introduce this new event.
4:23 gae9 לְ⁠נָשָׁ֗י⁠ו עָדָ֤ה וְ⁠צִלָּה֙ 1 “to his {two} wives, “Adah and Zillah,” Be consistent with how you spelled these names in verses 19-20, 22-23.
4:23 lbpd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁמַ֣עַן קוֹלִ֔⁠י 1 “listen to what I have to say.” or “listen to what I am going to tell you.” The phrase “my voice” refers here to the words being said. Consider what is the best way to translate this figure of speech in your language.
4:23 uqtr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נְשֵׁ֣י לֶ֔מֶךְ הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִ֑⁠י 1 “My wives, listen to this:” or “My wives, listen to me carefully.” This clause forms a parallelism with the previous clause and emphasizes what Lamech says next.
4:23 uqtr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נְשֵׁ֣י לֶ֔מֶךְ הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִ֑⁠י 1 “My wives, listen to this:” or “My wives, listen to me carefully.” This clause forms a parallelism with the previous clause and emphasizes what Lamech says next. Also, consider whether or not your language has an idiom that is similar to “give ear to”.
4:23 m97i כִּ֣י אִ֤ישׁ הָרַ֨גְתִּי֙ לְ⁠פִצְעִ֔⁠י וְ⁠יֶ֖לֶד לְ⁠חַבֻּרָתִֽ⁠י 1 The Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It could mean: (1) “I killed a man for wounding me; {he was} a young man who bruised/injured me!” or “I killed a young man for wounding/injuring me! In fact, {I killed} that man {just} because he bruised/injured me!” (2) “I killed a man for wounding me, and also a young man for bruising/injuring me.” or “A man wounded me, so I killed him. A young man injured me, so I killed him too!” In the first interpretation, Lamech refers to one man he killed. In the second interpretation, he refers to two men he killed.
4:24 q45d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כִּ֥י שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקַּם קָ֑יִן וְ⁠לֶ֖מֶךְ 1 “Since {God has promised} to avenge Cain seven times, then” or “Cain is avenged {by God} seven times, but” or “God will avenge Cain seven times, but”. Consider what is the best way to translate this passive clause in your language.
4:24 g912 וְ⁠לֶ֖מֶךְ שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְ⁠שִׁבְעָֽה 1 “{I,} Lamech {avenge myself} seventy-seven/77 times!” or “I {avenge myself} seventy-seven/77 times!” Lamech is bragging in verses 23 and 24 about how severely he avenges himself. He is not saying that God will avenge him more than he will avenge Cain. Also, each translation team needs to decide how they will handle numbers in the Hebrew text so that readers will not confuse those numbers with verse numbers. For example, it may be best to use words for single and double-digit numbers in the text. Be consistent with how you spelled the name “Lamech” in verses 18-19, 23-24.
@ -1670,9 +1670,9 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
14:22 j9qr אֵ֣ל עֶלְי֔וֹן 1 “{who is} the highest/greatest God,” See how you translated this phrase in verses 18-20.
14:22 v040 קֹנֵ֖ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 “{and} the Owner/Creator of heaven and earth,” or “{and} the One who owns/created heaven and earth,” See how you translated this phrase in verse 19.
14:23 xn0s אִם 1 “{that} I will not {keep/accept}”
14:23 lbqa מִ⁠חוּט֙ וְ⁠עַ֣ד שְׂרֽוֹךְ נַ֔עַל 1 “even a thread/string or the strap from a sandal,” or “even {something as small/insignificant as} a string or a sandal strap,”
14:23 wb28 וְ⁠אִם אֶקַּ֖ח מִ⁠כָּל 1 “No/Yes, I will not keep/accept anything”. This clause emphasizes Abram’s point. Consider what is the best way to do that in your language.
14:23 ah9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֲשֶׁר לָ֑⁠ךְ 1 “that {belongs} to you {or your people},” or “that is yours {or your people’s},” For some languages, it may be clearer and more natural to put this phrase earlier in this verse and say, “{that} I will not keep/accept anything that {belongs} to you {or your people}, not even {something as small as} a thread/string or the strap from a sandal.” Do what is best in your language.
14:23 lbqa מִ⁠חוּט֙ וְ⁠עַ֣ד שְׂרֽוֹךְ נַ֔עַל 1 “even a thread/string or the strap from a sandal,” or “even {something as small/insignificant as} a {piece of} string or a sandal strap,”
14:23 wb28 וְ⁠אִם אֶקַּ֖ח מִ⁠כָּל 1 “No/Yes, I will not keep/accept anything”. This clause emphasizes Abram’s point. Consider what is the best way to do that in your language. Also, consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
14:23 ah9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֲשֶׁר לָ֑⁠ךְ 1 “that {belongs} to you {or your people},” or “that is yours {or your people’s},” For some languages, it may be clearer and more natural to put this phrase earlier in this verse and say, “{that} I will not keep/accept anything that {belongs} to you {or your people}, not even {something as small as} a {piece of} thread/string or the strap from a sandal.” Do what is best in your language.
14:23 hns6 וְ⁠לֹ֣א תֹאמַ֔ר 1 “That way you can never say,” Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
14:23 xhbz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אֲנִ֖י הֶעֱשַׁ֥רְתִּי אֶת אַבְרָֽם 1 “I {am the one who} made Abram rich/wealthy!” or “that you {were the one who} made me rich.” The Hebrew pronoun that refers here to the king of Sodom is emphatic. Consider what is the best way to communicate that emphasis in your language. Also consider whether it is better in your language to translate this embedded quote as a direct or indirect quote.
14:24 kk1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions בִּלְעָדַ֗⁠י רַ֚ק 1 “{So} I {will} not {keep/accept} anything, except” or “{So} I {will} only {keep/accept}”. Consider what is the best way in your language to translate this exception sentence.
@ -1790,8 +1790,8 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
16:1 oni8 שִׁפְחָ֥ה מִצְרִ֖ית 1 “an Egyptian slave/servant woman” or “a female slave/servant from {the country of} Egypt”. See how you translated “female slaves/servants” in Gen 12:16.
16:1 gj9y וּ⁠שְׁמָ֥⁠הּ הָגָֽר 1 “whose name was Hagar.” or “named Hagar.”
16:2 hcuf וַ⁠תֹּ֨אמֶר שָׂרַ֜י אֶל אַבְרָ֗ם 1 “So she told Abram,” or “Then Sarai/she told Abram,”
16:2 hjtg הִנֵּה נָ֞א 1 “Listen please/now,” or “Please listen {to me/this}:” See how you translated this phrase in Gen 12:11.
16:2 l1km עֲצָרַ֤⁠נִי יְהוָה֙ מִ⁠לֶּ֔דֶת 1 “{since} Yahweh has not permitted/allowed me to bear/have {any} children,” or “{as you know,} Yahweh has not permitted/allowed me to bear/have {any} children, {so}”
16:2 hjtg הִנֵּה נָ֞א 1 “Listen please/now:” or “Please listen {to me/this}:” See how you translated this phrase in Gen 12:11.
16:2 l1km עֲצָרַ֤⁠נִי יְהוָה֙ מִ⁠לֶּ֔דֶת 1 “{Since} Yahweh has not permitted/allowed me to bear/have {any} children,” or “{As you know,} Yahweh has not permitted/allowed me to bear/have {any} children, {so}”
16:2 pxu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בֹּא נָא֙ אֶל 1 “please sleep with” or “please have {marital/sexual} relations with”. Consider whether it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here or to continue the previous sentence. Also, see how you translated the idiom “went to” in Gen 6:4.
16:2 b34m שִׁפְחָתִ֔⁠י 1 “my slave/servant woman {Hagar}.” See how you translated “maidservant” in verse 1.
16:2 u5c8 אוּלַ֥י 1 “Maybe” or “{so that} perhaps/maybe”. Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
16:9 symc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר לָ⁠הּ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה 1 “But/So Yahweh’s angel/messenger told her/Hagar,” or “Then/But he told her/Hagar,” Consider what is the best way to begin this verse in your translation, after what Hagar said in verse 8.
16:9 ceyk שׁ֖וּבִי אֶל גְּבִרְתֵּ֑⁠ךְ 1 “Go back {home} to your mistress/owner {Sarai}”. See how you translated “mistress/owner” in verses 4 and 8.
16:9 hp9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠הִתְעַנִּ֖י תַּ֥חַת יָדֶֽי⁠הָ 1 “and {humbly} submit {yourself} to her authority.” or “obey her {as her servant}.” See how you translated a similar idiom (“in your hand”) in verse 6.
16:10 wpc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר לָ⁠הּ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה 1 “Then the angel/messenger told/promised her,” or “Then he added/continued,” Some languages do not include the quote margins here and in verse 11, because the angel is still talking to Hagar. However, the repeated quote margins could show that the angel paused (before continuing) or that he is changing the topic, or to emphasize what he says next. Do what is best in your language.
16:10 wpc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר לָ⁠הּ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה 1 “Then the angel/messenger told/promised her,” or “Then he added/continued,” Some languages do not include the quote margins here and in verse 11, because the angel is still talking to Hagar. However, the repeated quote margins could be there to emphasize what the angel says next and/or to show that he paused or that he is changing the topic.
16:10 un14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַרְבָּ֥ה אַרְבֶּ֖ה אֶת זַרְעֵ֑⁠ךְ 1 “I {Yahweh} will greatly increase/multiply {the number of} your offspring/descendants, so that” or “{This is what Yahweh says/promises to you:} “I will give you so many offspring/descendants that” ” or “{Yahweh promises to you that} he will give you many descendants, so that”. The pronoun “I” refers to Yahweh here. So either the angel was representing Yahweh and speaking Yahweh’s words to Hagar or it was Yahweh himself who had taken on the form of an angel.
16:10 py6e וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִסָּפֵ֖ר 1 “no one will be able to count them all,” or “there will be too many to count,”
16:10 vljc מֵ⁠רֹֽב 1 “because of their large number.” or “because there will be so many of them.”
@ -2715,7 +2715,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
22:22 zhtn כֶּ֣שֶׂד וְ⁠אֶת חֲז֔וֹ וְ⁠אֶת פִּלְדָּ֖שׁ וְ⁠אֶת יִדְלָ֑ף וְ⁠אֵ֖ת בְּתוּאֵֽל 1 “Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” Consider whether it is best in your language to use a conjunction between each name in this list (like Hebrew does), or only before the last name in the list. See what you did for a similar list of names in Gen 10:26-29.
22:23 hgj2 וּ⁠בְתוּאֵ֖ל יָלַ֣ד אֶת רִבְקָ֑ה 1 “Bethuel was the father of Rebekah.” or “Bethuel had {a daughter named} Rebekah.” Some translations put this sentence in parentheses to show that it is a separate comment by the author and not part of the previous quote. Do what is best in your language. Also, see how you translated “fathered” in Gen 11:27.
22:23 idq9 שְׁמֹנָ֥ה אֵ֨לֶּה֙ יָלְדָ֣ה מִלְכָּ֔ה לְ⁠נָח֖וֹר אֲחִ֥י אַבְרָהָֽם 1 “Those {are} the eight {sons} {that} Milcah had for Abraham’s brother Nahor.” or “Those {are} {the names of} the eight {sons} whom Abraham’s brother Nahor and {his wife} Milcah had together.” or “{Altogether} Milcah bore/had eight sons for Abraham’s brother Nahor.”
22:24 wjgn וּ⁠פִֽילַגְשׁ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠שְׁמָ֣⁠הּ רְאוּמָ֑ה וַ⁠תֵּ֤לֶד גַּם הִוא֙ 1 “Besides that, Nahor’s concubine Reumah also bore/had {some sons, whom they named}” or “In addition to that, Nahor and his servant wife Reumah also had {some sons, including}”
22:24 wjgn וּ⁠פִֽילַגְשׁ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠שְׁמָ֣⁠הּ רְאוּמָ֑ה וַ⁠תֵּ֤לֶד גַּם הִוא֙ 1 “Besides that, Nahor’s concubine/servant-wife Reumah also bore/had {some sons, whom they named}” or “In addition to that, Nahor and his concubine/servant-wife Reumah also had {some sons, including}”
22:24 ze05 אֶת טֶ֣בַח וְ⁠אֶת גַּ֔חַם וְ⁠אֶת תַּ֖חַשׁ וְ⁠אֶֽת מַעֲכָֽה 1 “Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.” See how you connected the list of names in verse 22.
23:1 y6lm וַ⁠יִּהְיוּ֙ חַיֵּ֣י שָׂרָ֔ה מֵאָ֥ה שָׁנָ֛ה וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְ⁠שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֑ים 1 “Sarah lived 127 years” or “Sarah lived to be 127 years old”
23:1 xsnc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure שְׁנֵ֖י חַיֵּ֥י שָׂרָֽה 1 “{Yes,} that is how long she lived” or “That is how old she lived to be”. Consider whether it is better in your language to combine the last part of verse 1 with the beginning of verse 2 and say, “That is how old she was when she died in Kiriath Arba …”
@ -3282,7 +3282,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
26:10 q591 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive וְ⁠הֵבֵאתָ֥ עָלֵ֖י⁠נוּ אָשָֽׁם 1 “and you would have caused us to be guilty {of adultery}!” or “with the result that you would have brought guilt/punishment on us!” The pronoun “us” in this verse refers to King Abimelech and the Philistines whom he ruled; it does not include Isaac.
26:11 uhi8 וַ⁠יְצַ֣ו אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ אֶת כָּל הָ⁠עָ֖ם לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 “Then {King} Abimelech warned/told all {his} people,”
26:11 z2nk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַ⁠נֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּ⁠אִ֥ישׁ הַ⁠זֶּ֛ה וּ⁠בְ⁠אִשְׁתּ֖⁠וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 “If anyone harms this man {Isaac} or his wife {in any way}, I will surely/definitely have that person killed/executed!” or “I will surely/definitely execute anyone who harms Isaac or his wife {in any way}!” In this context “touches” is used as an idiom that means “harms {in any way}.” Many languages have a similar idiom that fits well here. Do what is best in your language.
26:12 okdv וַ⁠יִּזְרַ֤ע יִצְחָק֙ בָּ⁠אָ֣רֶץ הַ⁠הִ֔וא 1 “Isaac planted seeds/crops in that area,” The phrase “sow seeds” means to plant seeds by scattering them by hand on the ground. If this method of planting is not known in your language area, you could translate this more generally and say, “planted seeds/crops” or “planted {large} fields”.
26:12 okdv וַ⁠יִּזְרַ֤ע יִצְחָק֙ בָּ⁠אָ֣רֶץ הַ⁠הִ֔וא 1 “Isaac planted seeds/crops in that land/area,” The phrase “sow seeds” means to plant seeds by scattering them by hand on the ground in order to grow crops. If this method of planting is not known in your language area, you could translate this more generally and say, “planted seeds/crops” or “planted {large} fields {with seeds/crops}”.
26:12 rsw3 וַ⁠יִּמְצָ֛א בַּ⁠שָּׁנָ֥ה הַ⁠הִ֖וא מֵאָ֣ה שְׁעָרִ֑ים 1 “and during that year he gathered/reaped {a huge harvest that was} a hundred times {more than what he had planted}” or “and that year he harvested a very large crop/harvest”
26:12 p8ak וַֽ⁠יְבָרֲכֵ֖⁠הוּ יְהוָֽה 1 “because Yahweh blessed him.” or “Yahweh continued to bless him,” Consider whether or not it is more natural in your language to begin a new sentence here that continues into verse 13.
26:13 ly00 וַ⁠יִּגְדַּ֖ל הָ⁠אִ֑ישׁ וַ⁠יֵּ֤לֶךְ הָלוֹךְ֙ וְ⁠גָדֵ֔ל 1 “In that way he/Isaac kept getting more and more wealthy” or “so that he grew/became richer and richer”
@ -3373,7 +3373,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
27:1 omqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִי֙ כִּֽי 1 “One day when” or “Now when”. The events in chapter 27 happened about 23 years after the end of chapter 26. Make sure your translation begins this verse in a way that fits with that fact.
27:1 nlqr זָקֵ֣ן יִצְחָ֔ק 1 “Isaac was {very} old” or “Isaac was an old man”
27:1 za37 וַ⁠תִּכְהֶ֥יןָ עֵינָ֖י⁠ו מֵ⁠רְאֹ֑ת 1 “and his eyes were so weak that he could not see,” or “and he could no longer see,” or “and he was almost blind,” Isaac was either totally blind or so blind that he could not recognize people anymore (See: verses 18-27, 32-33).
27:1 rinb וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֞א 1 “he called/sent for” or “he summoned”. Isaac probably had a servant go and tell Esau to come to him.
27:1 rinb וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֞א 1 “he called/sent for” or “he summoned”. Isaac probably told a servant to go and tell Esau to come to him.
27:1 pxqg אֶת עֵשָׂ֣ו בְּנ֣⁠וֹ הַ⁠גָּדֹ֗ל וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָי⁠ו֙ בְּנִ֔⁠י 1 “his older son Esau and said, “Son.” ”
27:1 rtzv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖י⁠ו 1 “Esau answered him,” or “Esau replied,” Consider what is the best way in your language to translate this quote margin.
27:1 gs77 הִנֵּֽנִ⁠י 1 “Here I am.” or “Yes, {sir/Father,} {what is it}?” See how you translated this phrase in Gen 22:1,7,11.
@ -3490,8 +3490,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
27:29 o811 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠יִשְׁתַּחֲוּ֥וּ לְ⁠ךָ֖ בְּנֵ֣י אִמֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 “Yes, may your mother’s descendants show you complete submission/respect.” or “and they will bow down to you {in submission}.” or “Yes, they {too} will {submit to you and} bow down to you.” This clause is another way of referring to Jacob's authority over Esau and his descendants. Consider again how you translated the singular “you” in verses 28-29. You could use a plural “you” here or you could say “you {and your descendants}”.
27:29 nx79 אֹרְרֶ֣י⁠ךָ אָר֔וּר וּֽ⁠מְבָרֲכֶ֖י⁠ךָ בָּרֽוּךְ 1 “Whoever curses you will be cursed {by God}, and/but whoever blesses you will be blessed {by him}.” or “Whoever curses you {God} will curse, but whoever blesses you {he} will bless.” or “I ask {God} to curse those who curse you, and/but I ask {him} to bless those who bless you.” See how you translated “curse” in Gen 12:3.
27:30 mtk3 וַ⁠יְהִ֗י כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר כִּלָּ֣ה יִצְחָק֮ לְ⁠בָרֵ֣ךְ אֶֽת יַעֲקֹב֒ 1 “Just as Isaac finished blessing Jacob,” or “As soon as Isaac had finished blessing Jacob,”
27:30 tctn וַ⁠יְהִ֗י אַ֣ךְ יָצֹ֤א יָצָא֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב מֵ⁠אֵ֥ת פְּנֵ֖י יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑י⁠ו 1 “and right after Jacob had left his father’s presence/tent,” or “and no sooner had Jacob left his father than”
27:30 ueru וְ⁠עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔י⁠ו 1 “his/Jacob’s brother Esau”
27:30 tctn וַ⁠יְהִ֗י אַ֣ךְ יָצֹ֤א יָצָא֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב מֵ⁠אֵ֥ת פְּנֵ֖י יִצְחָ֣ק אָבִ֑י⁠ו וְ⁠עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֔י⁠ו 1 “and right after Jacob had left his father’s presence/tent, his/Jacob’s brother Esau” or “and no sooner had Jacob left his father than his/Jacob’s brother Esau”
27:30 jeia בָּ֖א מִ⁠צֵּידֽ⁠וֹ 1 “came back from hunting.” or “returned {home} from hunting.”
27:31 paor וַ⁠יַּ֤עַשׂ גַּם הוּא֙ מַטְעַמִּ֔ים 1 “Then he/Esau also prepared/cooked a tasty/delicious meal {with/from the meat he had hunted},” Consider again how you translated “prepared tasty food” in verses 4, 7, 9, 14, 31 and “tasty” in verse 17.
27:31 q82g וַ⁠יָּבֵ֖א לְ⁠אָבִ֑י⁠ו 1 “and he took/carried {it} to his father {Isaac}”
@ -3508,7 +3507,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
27:33 avi1 מִֽי אֵפ֡וֹא ה֣וּא 1 “Who {was} it then” or “Then where {is} the one”
27:33 cs0r הַ⁠צָּֽד צַיִד֩ וַ⁠יָּ֨בֵא לִ֜⁠י 1 “that/who hunted game/deer meat and brought a meal to me?” or “that/who brought to me a meal made from wild animal/deer meat?” Consider again how you translated “game” in Gen 27:3, 5, 7, 19, 25, 31 and 33. It may be necessary to translate it in slightly different ways, depending on the context.
27:33 edrl וָ⁠אֹכַ֥ל מִ⁠כֹּ֛ל בְּ⁠טֶ֥רֶם תָּב֖וֹא 1 “Just before you came {to me}, I finished eating the meal” or “I finished eating it just before you came {here}”
27:33 vjq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וָ⁠אֲבָרֲכֵ֑⁠הוּ גַּם בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה 1 “and then I blessed him. And/So God will definitely bless him.” or “Then I asked God to bless him, and/so God will definitely bless him.” Consider where it is most natural in your language to begin a new sentence here.
27:33 vjq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וָ⁠אֲבָרֲכֵ֑⁠הוּ גַּם בָּר֖וּךְ יִהְיֶֽה 1 “and then I blessed him. And/So {God} will surely/definitely bless him.” or “Then I asked God to bless him, and/so God will definitely bless him.” Consider where it is most natural in your language to begin a new sentence here.
27:34 t3y5 כִּ⁠שְׁמֹ֤עַ עֵשָׂו֙ אֶת דִּבְרֵ֣י אָבִ֔י⁠ו 1 “When Esau heard what his father said {to him},”
27:34 hlpe וַ⁠יִּצְעַ֣ק צְעָקָ֔ה גְּדֹלָ֥ה וּ⁠מָרָ֖ה עַד מְאֹ֑ד 1 “he shouted/burst out with an extremely/very loud and bitter/distressed cry/shout” or “he was so distressed/upset that he cried/yelled out loudly/bitterly”
27:34 yfg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר לְ⁠אָבִ֔י⁠ו 1 “and begged his father,” or “and begged him,”
@ -3607,7 +3606,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
28:12 ph5p וַֽ⁠יַּחֲלֹ֗ם 1 “And {as} he dreamed,” or “{As/While he slept,} he had a dream and” or “While he was dreaming,”
28:12 yc2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns וְ⁠הִנֵּ֤ה סֻלָּם֙ מֻצָּ֣ב אַ֔רְצָ⁠ה 1 “he saw a stairway/staircase whose base was resting on the ground” or “he saw a stairway/staircase. The bottom/base of the stairway was/rested on the ground”. This stairway was wide enough for there to be angels moving up and down on it at the same time.
28:12 lw00 וְ⁠רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ מַגִּ֣יעַ הַ⁠שָּׁמָ֑יְמָ⁠ה 1 “and its top reached up to heaven,” or “and the top of it went/reached {all the way} up into the heavens/sky,”
28:12 d554 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-key-terms וְ⁠הִנֵּה֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֔ים עֹלִ֥ים 1 “and there were angels of/from God who were going up and down on the stairway.” or “and he saw God’s angels going up and coming down on the stairway.” See how you translated “angel” in Gen 24:7, 40.
28:12 d554 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-key-terms וְ⁠הִנֵּה֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י אֱלֹהִ֔ים עֹלִ֥ים וְ⁠יֹרְדִ֖ים בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 “and there were angels of/from God who were going up and down on the stairway.” or “and he saw God’s angels going up and coming down on the stairway.” See how you translated “angel” in Gen 24:7, 40.
28:13 imw1 וְ⁠הִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב עָלָי⁠ו֮ 1 “Then suddenly Yahweh was standing at the top {of the stairway},” or “And there standing at the top {of the stairway} was Yahweh,” or “And Yahweh was {also} there, standing at the top {of the stairway}”. The phrase for “above it” in the Hebrew text is ambiguous. It could mean: (1) “above it” or “at the top {of the stairway}” or (2) “above/beside him/Jacob”. The interpretation that is not followed in your translation could be put in a footnote.
28:13 n9f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּאמַר֒ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה 1 “and he/Yahweh said {to him/Jacob}, “I {am} Yahweh,”
28:13 bvp0 אֱלֹהֵי֙ אַבְרָהָ֣ם אָבִ֔י⁠ךָ וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֖י יִצְחָ֑ק 1 “the God whom your forefathers/ancestors Abraham and Isaac serve/worship.” or “the God {who takes care} of your forefathers/ancestors Abraham and Isaac.” Abraham was Jacob’s grandfather and ancestor.
@ -3651,12 +3650,12 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
28:22 qmie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person וְ⁠כֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּתֶּן לִ֔⁠י עַשֵּׂ֖ר אֲעַשְּׂרֶ֥⁠נּוּ לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 “and everything that you give to me, I will give a tenth of it back to you.” or “and I will give back to you ten percent of everything that you give to me.” Consider again how you translated the way Jacob refers to Yahweh in verses 20-22; see the note about this at verse 20. Also see how you translated “tithe” in Gen 14:20.
29:1 v7y6 וַ⁠יִּשָּׂ֥א יַעֲקֹ֖ב רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו וַ⁠יֵּ֖לֶךְ 1 “Then Jacob left {Bethel} and continued traveling {until he came}” or “Then Jacob continued traveling until he came”
29:1 wri0 אַ֥רְצָ⁠ה בְנֵי קֶֽדֶם 1 “to the land in the east where various people/ethnic groups lived.” or “to the land/region that was east {of the land of Canaan} where the eastern people/ethnic groups lived.” This land was located east of the land of Canaan and included the region of Paddan Aram where Jacob’s uncle Laban lived in the city of Haran (Gen 27:43; 28:5). See how you translated “east” in Gen 28:14.
29:2 ox8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּ֞רְא 1 “Then he looked {around}” or “{When he arrived/got there,} he looked {around},” or “{When he arrived at a place near the city of Haran,} he looked {around},”. Jacob was now near the city of Haran (verse 4), which was in the land east of Canaan (verse 1).
29:2 xzs6 וְ⁠הִנֵּ֧ה בְאֵ֣ר בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֗ה 1 “and saw a well in an {open} field/area” or “and there in an {open} field/area {was} a well” The word “field” refers to an open area of land, not a fenced-in area. See how you translated this term in Gen 25:27, 29.
29:2 ox8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּ֞רְא 1 “Then he looked {around}” or “{When he arrived/got there,} he looked {around},” or “{When he arrived at a place near the city of Haran,} he looked {around},” Jacob was now near the city of Haran (verse 4), which was in the land east of Canaan (verse 1).
29:2 xzs6 וְ⁠הִנֵּ֧ה בְאֵ֣ר בַּ⁠שָּׂדֶ֗ה 1 “and saw a well in an {open} field/area” or “and there in an {open} field/area {was} a well”. The word “field” refers to an open area of land, not a fenced-in area. See how you translated this term in Gen 25:27, 29.
29:2 f5dt וְ⁠הִנֵּה שָׁ֞ם שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עֶדְרֵי צֹאן֙ רֹבְצִ֣ים 1 “He saw three flocks of sheep that were lying {down}” or “There were three flocks of sheep lying {down}”. Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
29:2 rel5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 “beside it,” or “near/beside the well {waiting for water},”
29:2 gzk1 כִּ֚י מִן הַ⁠בְּאֵ֣ר הַ⁠הִ֔וא יַשְׁק֖וּ הָ⁠עֲדָרִ֑ים 1 “because that was the well where the shepherds drew/got water for the sheep/flocks,” or “That was the well that flocks/sheep drank water from,” Consider whether or not it is more natural in your language to begin a new sentence here.
29:2 nge7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הָ⁠אֶ֥בֶן גְּדֹלָ֖ה עַל פִּ֥י הַ⁠בְּאֵֽר 1 “but the stone covering the opening/top of the well {was} large {and heavy}.” or “but there was a {heavy} large stone over/covering the opening/top of the well.” This stone would have been very large and heavy, and probably had been cut into a circular shape to cover the round opening of the well. You could include here in your translation a picture of a well with a round, flat stone covering it.
29:2 nge7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠הָ⁠אֶ֥בֶן גְּדֹלָ֖ה עַל פִּ֥י הַ⁠בְּאֵֽר 1 “but the stone covering the opening/top of the well {was} large {and heavy}.” or “but there was a {heavy} large stone over/covering the opening/top of the well.” This stone would have been very large and heavy and probably had been cut into a circular shape to cover the round opening of the well. You could include here in your translation a picture of a well with a round, flat stone covering it.
29:3 zip2 וְ⁠נֶאֶסְפוּ שָׁ֣מָּ⁠ה כָל הָ⁠עֲדָרִ֗ים וְ⁠גָלֲל֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אֶ֨בֶן֙ 1 “{Every day} shepherds would bring all the/their flocks {of sheep} there. They would {work together to} roll/take the stone” or “{Whenever/After} all the shepherds brought their flocks there, {together} they would remove the stone”. Verse 3 tells what happened regularly every day. Consider what is the best way to communicate this in your language. Also, be consistent here with how you translated “stone” in verse 2.
29:3 ehgo מֵ⁠עַל֙ פִּ֣י הַ⁠בְּאֵ֔ר 1 “from/off the opening/top of the well”
29:3 nplo וְ⁠הִשְׁק֖וּ אֶת הַ⁠צֹּ֑אן 1 “and draw water for the sheep.” or “and get water {from it} for the sheep {to drink}.” See how you translated “watered” in verse 2, and how you translated a different word that has a similar meaning (“draw water”) in Gen 24:19-20.
@ -3679,7 +3678,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
29:7 s198 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר 1 “Then Jacob said {to them},” or “Then Jacob urged {them},”
29:7 qywf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֵ֥ן עוֹד֙ הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם גָּד֔וֹל 1 “Look, it is still the middle of the day” or “Look, the sun is still high/bright {in the sky}” or “There is still a lot of daylight/sunlight left”. This is an idiom that means there are still many more hours of daytime left. Consider whether your language has an idiom for this.
29:7 hpgk לֹא עֵ֖ת הֵאָסֵ֣ף הַ⁠מִּקְנֶ֑ה 1 “and/so {it is} too early/soon to gather the livestock/flocks {for the night}.”
29:7 xi00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness הַשְׁק֥וּ הַ⁠צֹּ֖אן 1 “{You ought to} draw/get water for them” or “{It seems like you should} water the/your sheep” or “So why not water the/your sheep”. For some languages it sounds too rude for Jacob to make a direct command here, so it is better to make this a suggestion, or even a rhetorical question. Do what is best in your language.
29:7 xi00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness הַשְׁק֥וּ הַ⁠צֹּ֖אן 1 “{You ought to} draw/get water for them” or “{It seems like you should} water the/your sheep” or “So why not water the/your sheep”. For some languages it sounds too rude for Jacob to make a direct command here, so it is better to make this a suggestion or even a rhetorical question. Do what is best in your language.
29:7 agiz וּ⁠לְכ֥וּ רְעֽוּ 1 “and/then take {them} {back} out {to the fields} to graze {some more}.” or “then you can take them out to eat {more} grass.”
29:8 fc6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּאמְרוּ֮ 1 “But they said {to him},” or “But they replied,”
29:8 ftk5 לֹ֣א נוּכַל֒ 1 “We can’t {do that}” or “We have to wait”
@ -3764,7 +3763,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
29:30 zq9a וַ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֣ד עִמּ֔⁠וֹ 1 “Then he worked for Laban” or “Then he {started} working for Laban”. At this point Jacob begins another seven years of work, but he does not finish the work until Gen 30:25-26.
29:30 jqak ע֖וֹד שֶֽׁבַע שָׁנִ֥ים אֲחֵרֽוֹת 1 “for seven more years.” See how you translated this phrase in verse 27.
29:31 dvs9 וַ⁠יַּ֤רְא יְהוָה֙ 1 “Now/Meanwhile Yahweh knew” or “{During that time,} Yahweh saw/knew”
29:31 f2r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כִּֽי שְׂנוּאָ֣ה לֵאָ֔ה 1 “that Leah was loved less {than Rachel},” or “that Jacob did not love Leah {very much},” Jacob did not actually hate Leah, rather this is hyperbole that emphasizes how much he loved Rachel compared to Leah (verse 30).
29:31 f2r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כִּֽי שְׂנוּאָ֣ה לֵאָ֔ה 1 “that Leah was loved less {than Rachel},” or “that Jacob did not love Leah {very much},” Jacob did not actually hate Leah. Rather, this is hyperbole that emphasizes how much he loved Rachel compared to Leah (verse 30).
29:31 kk6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּפְתַּ֖ח אֶת רַחְמָ֑⁠הּ 1 “so he made it so that she could conceive,” or “so he made it possible for her to have children,”
29:31 c12i וְ⁠רָחֵ֖ל עֲקָרָֽה 1 “but Rachel was not able to conceive.” or “but he did not enable Rachel to have children.” See how you translated “barren” in Gen 11:30 and 25:21.
29:32 gbdy וַ⁠תַּ֤הַר לֵאָה֙ 1 “Then Leah became pregnant”
@ -3786,7 +3785,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
29:34 aosq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִלָּוֶ֤ה אֵלַ֔⁠י 1 “will become attached to me” or “will want to be with me”. Many languages have an idiom that is similar to the Hebrew idiom and fits well here. Do what is best in your language.
29:34 iwal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure כִּֽי יָלַ֥דְתִּי ל֖⁠וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה בָנִ֑ים 1 “because I have had three sons for him.” or “because I have given him three sons!” For some languages it is more natural to put this clause first in this quote and say, “I have born/had three sons for my husband, so now finally he will become attached to me.” Do what is best in your language.
29:34 xkw4 עַל כֵּ֥ן 1 “That is why” or “Because she had said that,”
29:34 mgew קָרָֽא שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 “his name was” or “he was named”. Although this phrase could mean that Jacob named Levi, most translations translate this in a general or indefinite way (See: the alternate translations). Do what is best in your language.
29:34 mgew קָרָֽא שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 “his name was” or “he was named”. Although this phrase could mean that Jacob named Levi, most translations translate this in a general or indefinite way that does not specify who named him. Do what is best in your language.
29:34 imm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לֵוִֽי 1 “Levi, {which means “joined/attached.”}” or “Levi, {which means “be with.”}” If you include the meaning of Levi’s name in your translation (or in a footnote), make sure it matches the way you translated “be joined” earlier in this verse.
29:35 c2ga וַ⁠תַּ֨הַר ע֜וֹד 1 “Then Leah became pregnant again” or “Once again Leah became pregnant”
29:35 v0xo וַ⁠תֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֗ן 1 “and had a/another son,” or “and gave birth to another son,” See how you translated this phrase in verse 34.
@ -3814,7 +3813,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:4 pfg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַ⁠יָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖י⁠הָ יַעֲקֹֽב 1 “and Jacob slept with her.” or “and Jacob had marital relations with her.” See how you translated “go to” in verse 3 and “went to” in Gen 16:3.
30:5 byaz וַ⁠תַּ֣הַר בִּלְהָ֔ה 1 “Then Bilhah became pregnant”
30:5 mz2c וַ⁠תֵּ֥לֶד לְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֖ב בֵּֽן 1 “and gave birth to a son for Jacob” or “and had a son for Jacob”
30:6 pbso rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠תֹּ֤אמֶר רָחֵל֙ 1 “and Rachel exclaimed,” or “Then Rachel said/exclaimed,” Consider whether it is more natural here in your language to begin a new sentence here, or to continue the sentence from verse 5.
30:6 pbso rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠תֹּ֤אמֶר רָחֵל֙ 1 “and Rachel exclaimed,” or “Then Rachel said/exclaimed,” Consider whether it is more natural here in your language to begin a new sentence here or to continue the sentence from verse 5.
30:6 uc2m דָּנַ֣⁠נִּי אֱלֹהִ֔ים 1 “God has judged in my favor!” Some translations have “judged me” here. However, make sure your translation of this phrase has a positive meaning (making a decision in Rachel’s favor) and not a negative meaning (condemning her).
30:6 c8tv וְ⁠גַם֙ שָׁמַ֣ע בְּ⁠קֹלִ֔⁠י וַ⁠יִּתֶּן לִ֖⁠י בֵּ֑ן 1 “Yes indeed, he has heard/answered my prayer/request/plea and given me a son!”
30:6 fc14 עַל כֵּ֛ן 1 “That is why” or “Because of that”
@ -3823,7 +3822,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:7 r1qq וַ⁠תַּ֣הַר ע֔וֹד & בִּלְהָ֖ה שִׁפְחַ֣ת רָחֵ֑ל 1 “Then Rachel’s servant Bilhah became pregnant again”. See how you translated verse 5 which is very similar to verse 7.
30:7 vrmg וַ⁠תֵּ֕לֶד & בֵּ֥ן שֵׁנִ֖י לְ⁠יַעֲקֹֽב 1 “and gave birth to a second son for Jacob.” or “and had a second son for Jacob.”
30:8 qb38 וַ⁠תֹּ֣אמֶר רָחֵ֗ל 1 “So/Then Rachel exclaimed,”
30:8 fope נַפְתּוּלֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֧ים נִפְתַּ֛לְתִּי עִם אֲחֹתִ֖⁠י 1 The Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It could mean: (1) “I have had a mighty/difficult struggle/contest with my sister” or “I have struggled intensely/hard with/against my sister”. That would be the meaning if the Hebrew word “elohim” in this phrase is used as an adjective that means “mighty/powerful”. (2) “I have wrestled/struggled with God because of my sister”, which could refer to a struggle against her sister praying to God for children. That would be the meaning if the word “elohim” in this phrase means “God”.
30:8 fope נַפְתּוּלֵ֨י אֱלֹהִ֧ים נִפְתַּ֛לְתִּי עִם אֲחֹתִ֖⁠י 1 The Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It could mean: (1) “I have had a mighty/difficult struggle/contest with my sister” or “I have struggled intensely/hard with/against my sister”. That would be the meaning if the Hebrew word “elohim” in this phrase is used as an adjective that means “mighty/powerful.” (2) “I have wrestled/struggled with God because of my sister”, which could refer to a struggle against her sister praying to God for children. That would be the meaning if the word “elohim” in this phrase means “God.”
30:8 i44p גַּם יָכֹ֑לְתִּי 1 “and I have won!” or “and/but now I have defeated her!” or “and/but now I am prevailing/winning!”
30:8 jb07 וַ⁠תִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 “And/So she called/named him” or “Then/So she called/named that son” or “So she gave him the name”. See how you translated “called his name” in verse 6.
30:8 l04h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַפְתָּלִֽי 1 “Naphtali, {which means “my struggle/contest.”}” As always, if you include the meaning of a name in your translation or in a footnote, make sure that it matches the text that the name is based on.
@ -3837,7 +3836,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:11 mlup rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גָּֽד 1 “Gad, {which means “fortunate/lucky.”}” If you include the meaning of Gad’s name in your translation or in a footnote, make sure it matches the way you translated “good fortune” earlier in this verse.
30:12 epai וַ⁠תֵּ֗לֶד זִלְפָּה֙ שִׁפְחַ֣ת לֵאָ֔ה בֵּ֥ן שֵׁנִ֖י לְ⁠יַעֲקֹֽב 1 “Then Leah’s servant Zilpah gave birth to a second son for Jacob,” or “ Then Leah’s servant Zilpah had a second son for Jacob,”
30:13 r57i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠תֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאָ֔ה 1 “and Leah exclaimed,”
30:13 jwvp בְּ⁠אָשְׁרִ֕⁠י 1 “I am truly/greatly blessed!” or “{God} has truly/greatly blessed me!” Although many translations have “happy” in this verse instead of “blessed”, the Hebrew noun (and the verb it is based on) is more general and has to do with a person’s blessed state (which results in joy and happiness). The same Hebrew word is used in Psalm 1:1, and the equivalent Greek word is used in Luke 1:48 and Matthew 5:3-11.
30:13 jwvp בְּ⁠אָשְׁרִ֕⁠י 1 “I am truly/greatly blessed!” or “{God} has truly/greatly blessed me!” Although many translations have “happy” in this verse instead of “blessed,” the Hebrew noun (and the verb it is based on) is more general and has to do with a person’s blessed state (which results in joy and happiness). The same Hebrew word is used in Psalm 1:1, and the equivalent Greek word is used in Luke 1:48 and Matthew 5:3-11.
30:13 d2t9 כִּ֥י אִשְּׁר֖וּ⁠נִי בָּנ֑וֹת 1 “Now {other} women will say that I am blessed {by God}.” or “Now {other} women will say that {God} has blessed me.”
30:13 lfbr וַ⁠תִּקְרָ֥א אֶת שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 “So she called/named him” or “So she named that son” or “So she gave him the name”
30:13 cadj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אָשֵֽׁר 1 “Asher, {which means “blessed.”}” If you include the meaning of Asher’s name in your translation or in a footnote, make sure it matches the way you translated “blessed” earlier in this verse.
@ -3881,7 +3880,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:22 zgp4 וַ⁠יִּזְכֹּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת רָחֵ֑ל 1 “God had kept Rachel in mind,” or “God had not forgotten Rachel,” Make sure that your translation of this phrase does not imply that God forgot about Rachel. See how you translated a similar phrase in Gen 8:1.
30:22 aigs וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֵלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים 1 “and/so he heard/answered her {prayers/requests}” or “and/so he did what she had been asking him to do”. See how you translated “listened to” in verses 6 and 17.
30:22 gu2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּפְתַּ֖ח אֶת רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ 1 “and made it so that she could conceive.” or “and made it possible for her to have children.” See how you translated this idiom in Gen 29:31.
30:23 wisk וַ⁠תַּ֖הַר 1 “so that {finally} she conceived” or “Then/So she/Rachel became pregnant”. Consider whether it is more natural in your language to begin a new sentence here, or to continue the sentence from verse 22.
30:23 wisk וַ⁠תַּ֖הַר 1 “so that {finally} she conceived” or “Then/So she/Rachel became pregnant”. Consider whether it is more natural in your language to begin a new sentence here or to continue the sentence from verse 22.
30:23 e0bt וַ⁠תֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן 1 “and gave birth to a son,” or “and had a son,”
30:23 h8n8 וַ⁠תֹּ֕אמֶר 1 “and she exclaimed,” or “Then she said/exclaimed,” Consider whether or not it is more natural in your language to begin a new sentence here.
30:23 nxcu אָסַ֥ף אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת חֶרְפָּתִֽ⁠י 1 “God has removed my shame/humiliation!” or “God has made it so that I am no longer {barren and} ashamed/humiliated!”
@ -3896,7 +3895,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:26 yb97 תְּנָ֞⁠ה אֶת נָשַׁ֣⁠י וְ⁠אֶת יְלָדַ֗⁠י 1 “Let me have/take my wives and my children”
30:26 ocvf אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָבַ֧דְתִּי אֹֽתְ⁠ךָ֛ בָּ⁠הֵ֖ן 1 “whom I have finished serving you for,” or “whom I have earned by working for you,”
30:26 m9jz וְ⁠אֵלֵ֑כָה 1 “so that I may/can leave {with them}.” or “and let me go/leave {with them}.” or “so that I can take them with me.”
30:26 ztkv כִּ֚י אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ 1 “because you yourself know” or “You yourself know”
30:26 ztkv כִּ֚י אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתָּ 1 “because you yourself know” or “You yourself know”. Consider whether it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here or to continue the previous sentence.
30:26 o0s7 אֶת עֲבֹדָתִ֖⁠י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲבַדְתִּֽי⁠ךָ 1 “that I have served you {well/faithfully}.” or “how {well/faithfully} I have served you.” or “how {well/faithfully} I have worked for you.”
30:27 vals rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָי⁠ו֙ לָבָ֔ן 1 “But Laban responded to him/Jacob,”
30:27 s3ax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם נָ֛א מָצָ֥אתִי חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 “If you are pleased with me, please {stay},” or “Please be gracious/kind to me {and stay},” or “Please do me a favor {and do not leave/go},”
@ -3926,7 +3925,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:32 u4ob וְ⁠הָיָ֖ה שְׂכָרִֽ⁠י 1 “They will be my wages/pay.” or “Those animals will be my wages/pay.”
30:33 b07z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠עָֽנְתָה בִּ֤⁠י צִדְקָתִ⁠י֙ בְּ⁠י֣וֹם מָחָ֔ר 1 “Also, in the future you will know whether or not I am being righteous/honest” or “That way {too}, in the future it will be easy {for you/everyone} to know whether {or not} I am being honest”. The phrase “my righteousness” is referred to here as if it can testify like a person can. Some languages cannot personify righteousness like that. Do what is best in your language.
30:33 ppfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure כִּֽי תָב֥וֹא עַל שְׂכָרִ֖⁠י לְ⁠פָנֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 “whenever you check the animals you have paid/given me.” For some languages it is more natural to move this clause earlier in this sentence and say, “Also, in the future, whenever you check the animals you have paid/given me, you will know whether or not I am being honest.” Do what is best in your own language.
30:33 sw5u כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר אֵינֶ⁠נּוּ֩ נָקֹ֨ד וְ⁠טָל֜וּא בָּֽ⁠עִזִּ֗ים וְ⁠חוּם֙ בַּ⁠כְּשָׂבִ֔ים 1 “{If you see} that I have any {sheep or} goats that are not speckled or spotted, or any sheep/lambs that are not dark-colored,” or “{If you see/find} any {sheep or} goats {among my flocks} that do not have speckles or spots, or any sheep/lambs that are not dark-colored,”
30:33 sw5u כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר אֵינֶ⁠נּוּ֩ נָקֹ֨ד וְ⁠טָל֜וּא בָּֽ⁠עִזִּ֗ים וְ⁠חוּם֙ בַּ⁠כְּשָׂבִ֔ים 1 “{If you see} that I have any {sheep or} goats that are not speckled or spotted or any sheep/lambs that are not dark-colored,” or “{If you see/find} any {sheep or} goats {among my flocks} that do not have speckles or spots or any sheep/lambs that are not dark-colored,”
30:33 pa6c גָּנ֥וּב ה֖וּא אִתִּֽ⁠י 1 “{you will know that} I stole them {from you}.” or “{it will be obvious that} I stole them {from you}.”
30:34 bdlq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר לָבָ֖ן 1 “Laban said/replied {to him},”
30:34 mv46 הֵ֑ן 1 “I agree,” or “Yes,” or “I agree with that;”
@ -3939,7 +3938,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:36 r9y9 וַ⁠יָּ֗שֶׂם דֶּ֚רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים בֵּינ֖⁠וֹ וּ⁠בֵ֣ין יַעֲקֹ֑ב 1 “and he {and his sons} took {those animals} a three-day walking distance away from Jacob.”
30:36 ueil וְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֗ב רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת צֹ֥אן לָבָ֖ן הַ⁠נּוֹתָרֹֽת 1 “Meanwhile Jacob continued taking care of the rest of Laban’s flock{s}.” See how you translated “tending” in verse 31 and Gen 13:7.
30:37 pffz וַ⁠יִּֽקַּֽח ל֣⁠וֹ יַעֲקֹ֗ב מַקַּ֥ל & לַ֖ח 1 “Then Jacob cut {some} branches”
30:37 h28b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns לִבְנֶ֛ה & וְ⁠ל֣וּז וְ⁠עֶרְמ֑וֹן 1 “from poplar {trees}, almond/hazel {trees} and plane/chestnut {trees},” or “from three different kinds of trees,” If the three kinds of trees are not known in your language area, you could transliterate the names of the trees, or be more general and leave out the names (if they are too distracting).
30:37 h28b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns לִבְנֶ֛ה & וְ⁠ל֣וּז וְ⁠עֶרְמ֑וֹן 1 “from poplar {trees}, almond/hazel {trees}, and plane/chestnut {trees},” or “from three different kinds of trees,” If the three kinds of trees are not known in your language area, you could transliterate the names of the trees or be more general and leave out the names (if they are too distracting).
30:37 b4o7 וַ⁠יְפַצֵּ֤ל בָּ⁠הֵן֙ פְּצָל֣וֹת לְבָנ֔וֹת 1 “and peeled/stripped off long strips/pieces of bark,” or “and made white stripes/streaks on them {by stripping/peeling off long strips/pieces of bark},”
30:37 l8bu מַחְשֹׂף֙ הַ⁠לָּבָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל הַ⁠מַּקְלֽוֹת 1 “which exposed/showed the white {wood} under the bark.” or “so that the white {wood} that was inside the branches was exposed/showing.”
30:38 nguj וַ⁠יַּצֵּ֗ג אֶת הַ⁠מַּקְלוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּצֵּ֔ל בָּ⁠רֳהָטִ֖ים בְּ⁠שִֽׁקֲת֣וֹת הַ⁠מָּ֑יִם 1 “Then he put/set those {striped/streaked} branches in all the {stone} drinking/watering troughs/tubs/places”. See how you translated “trough” in Gen 24:20.
@ -3947,10 +3946,10 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:38 v4og לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן 1 “in front of them.” or “so that the flock{s} would see the branches {there}.”
30:38 owls וַ⁠יֵּחַ֖מְנָה בְּ⁠בֹאָ֥⁠ן לִ⁠שְׁתּֽוֹת 1 “The flocks {often} mated when they came {to the troughs/tubs} to drink,” or “{That way, whenever} the animals that were ready to mate/breed came {to the troughs/tubs} to drink,” The way you translate this clause will determine whether you begin the next verse with a conjunction (“and” or “so”) or without a conjunction. Do what is best in your language.
30:39 u4ep וַ⁠יֶּחֱמ֥וּ הַ⁠צֹּ֖אן אֶל הַ⁠מַּקְל֑וֹת 1 “and/so they would mate in front of the branches,” or “they would mate where they could see the branches,” or “they would see the branches as they were mating/breeding,” Make sure your translation of the verbs in this verse refers to a repeated or habitual activity, not a one-time event.
30:39 dcdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠תֵּלַ֣דְןָ הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּ⁠טְלֻאִֽים 1 “As a result, they would bear/have {young/offspring that were} streaked or speckled or spotted.” Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. See how you translated “speckled” and “spotted” in verses 32-33 and 35. Also consider what is the most natural way in your language to refer to the flocks in verses 38 and 39.
30:39 dcdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠תֵּלַ֣דְןָ הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּ⁠טְלֻאִֽים 1 “As a result, they would bear/have {young/offspring that were} streaked/striped or speckled or spotted.” Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. See how you translated “speckled” and “spotted” in verses 32-33 and 35. Also consider what is the most natural way in your language to refer to the flocks in verses 38 and 39.
30:40 t0tb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠כְּשָׂבִים֮ הִפְרִ֣יד יַעֲקֹב֒ 1 “Then Jacob separated those young animals {from Laban’s flocks} {to form/make new flocks for himself},”
30:40 gkje rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ֠⁠יִּתֵּן פְּנֵ֨י הַ⁠צֹּ֧אן אֶל 1 “and he put {the rest of} the flock{s} with”. The Hebrew text uses an idiom here that means Jacob put the marked and unmarked animals together (so that they would mate).
30:40 m70y עָקֹ֛ד וְ⁠כָל ח֖וּם 1 “all the streaked animals and dark-colored {animals}”. See how you translated “streaked” in verses 35 and 39, and how you translated “dark-colored” in verses 32-33 and 35.
30:40 m70y עָקֹ֛ד וְ⁠כָל ח֖וּם 1 “all the streaked/striped animals and dark-colored {animals}”. See how you translated “streaked” in verses 35 and 39, and how you translated “dark-colored” in verses 32-33 and 35.
30:40 ch5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠צֹ֣אן לָבָ֑ן 1 “{that were} in Laban’s flock{s} {so that they would mate and have young/offspring/babies that were streaked or dark-colored}.” You may need to make it explicit in your translation why Jacob put the unmarked sheep and goats with Laban’s streaked and spotted animals, so that people understand what Jacob was doing.
30:40 hpgv וַ⁠יָּֽשֶׁת ל֤⁠וֹ עֲדָרִים֙ לְ⁠בַדּ֔⁠וֹ 1 “In that way, {over time} he created/formed/made separate flocks {of sheep and goats} for himself”
30:40 okhx וְ⁠לֹ֥א שָׁתָ֖⁠ם עַל צֹ֥אן לָבָֽן 1 “that he did not put/mix with Laban’s flock{s}.” or “that he kept separate/away from Laban’s flock{s}.”
@ -3968,16 +3967,16 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
30:42 t112 לְ⁠יַעֲקֹֽב 1 “{went} to Jacob,” or “were Jacob’s,” or “{had streaks and spots and} became part of Jacob’s {flocks},”
30:43 pyxq וַ⁠יִּפְרֹ֥ץ הָ⁠אִ֖ישׁ 1 “So Jacob became extremely/very prosperous/wealthy” or “As a result, Jacob became extremely/very wealthy/rich”. Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Also, see how you translated “prospered” in verse 30.
30:43 jzz1 וַֽ⁠יְהִי ל⁠וֹ֙ צֹ֣אן רַבּ֔וֹת 1 “and owned large flock{s} {of sheep and goats},” or “He owned many sheep and goats,” For some languages it is more natural to begin a new sentence here. Do what is best in your language.
30:43 osfb וּ⁠שְׁפָחוֹת֙ וַ⁠עֲבָדִ֔ים וּ⁠גְמַלִּ֖ים וַ⁠חֲמֹרִֽים 1 “and {many} male and female servants, and {many} camels and donkeys.” See how you translated “maidservants”, “menservants”, “camels”, and “donkeys” in Gen 12:16 and 24:35.
30:43 osfb וּ⁠שְׁפָחוֹת֙ וַ⁠עֲבָדִ֔ים וּ⁠גְמַלִּ֖ים וַ⁠חֲמֹרִֽים 1 “and {many} male and female servants and {many} camels and donkeys.” See how you translated “maidservants,” “menservants,” “camels,” and “donkeys” in Gen 12:16 and 24:35.
31:1 y7ho וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֗ע 1 “Then {one day} Jacob heard” or “Then {one day} someone told Jacob”
31:1 i1li אֶת דִּבְרֵ֤י בְנֵֽי לָבָן֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 “that Laban’s sons were {complaining and} saying,”
31:1 wgio לָקַ֣ח יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֵ֖ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְ⁠אָבִ֑י⁠נוּ 1 “Jacob has taken {for himself} everything/all that our father owned,”
31:1 v4h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וּ⁠מֵ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְ⁠אָבִ֔י⁠נוּ עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת כָּל הַ⁠כָּבֹ֖ד הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 “Yes, he/Jacob has become wealthy/rich by taking our father’s wealth/possessions!” or “In fact, he/Jacob has acquired/gotten all his wealth/riches by taking {the animals} that were our father’s!” This clause forms a parallelism with the previous clause and emphasizes Laban’s sons’ complaint against Jacob. The phrase “all this wealth” especially refers to all the livestock that Jacob had gained during the years he worked for Laban.
31:2 kjjj וַ⁠יַּ֥רְא יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 “Jacob also saw/noticed”
31:2 iwy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת פְּנֵ֣י לָבָ֑ן וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה אֵינֶ֛⁠נּוּ עִמּ֖⁠וֹ כִּ⁠תְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם 1 “that Laban no longer looked at him in a kind/friendly way as/like {he did} previously/before.” or “that Laban was no longer pleased/happy with him as/like he was previously/before.” or “that Laban no longer acted kind/friendly toward him the way he did in the past.” The clause “he was not with him” is used here as an idiom that means Laban was no longer happy with Jacob, or that he no longer liked him. Consider whether your language has a similar idiom that fits well here.
31:2 iwy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת פְּנֵ֣י לָבָ֑ן וְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה אֵינֶ֛⁠נּוּ עִמּ֖⁠וֹ כִּ⁠תְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם 1 “that Laban no longer looked at him in a kind/friendly way as/like {he did} previously/before.” or “that Laban was no longer pleased/happy with him as/like he was previously/before.” or “that Laban no longer acted kind/friendly toward him the way he did in the past.” The clause “he was not with him” is used here as an idiom that means Laban was no longer happy with Jacob or that he no longer liked him. Consider whether your language has a similar idiom that fits well here.
31:3 f1ff rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל יַעֲקֹ֔ב 1 “Then Yahweh told/commanded Jacob,”
31:3 txcg שׁ֛וּב אֶל אֶ֥רֶץ אֲבוֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ וּ⁠לְ⁠מוֹלַדְתֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 “Go back to your ancestors’ homeland, where your relatives live,” or “Return to the land where your ancestors lived and where your {other} relatives {also} live,”
31:3 nssb וְ⁠אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה עִמָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 “and I will stay with you {and help/bless you}.” See how you translated this clause in Gen 26:3, and how you translated similar clauses in Gen 26:8, 24; 28:15.
31:3 nssb וְ⁠אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה עִמָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 “and I will stay with you {and help/bless you}.” See how you translated this clause in Gen 26:3 and how you translated similar clauses in Gen 26:8, 24; 28:15.
31:4 uryr וַ⁠יִּשְׁלַ֣ח יַעֲקֹ֔ב וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֖א לְ⁠רָחֵ֣ל וּ⁠לְ⁠לֵאָ֑ה הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֖ה 1 “So Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah {to come} to the field/pasture” or “Then/So Jacob sent a message to Rachel and Leah that they should meet him at/in the field/pasture”. See how you translated “sent and called for” in Gen 27:42.
31:4 xk35 אֶל צֹאנֽ⁠וֹ 1 “where {he was with/tending} his flock{s} {of sheep and goats}.”
31:5 zcua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר לָ⁠הֶ֗ן 1 “{When they arrived,} he said to them,” or “{There} he told them,” Consider whether in your language it is necessary to make explicit that Rachel and Leah had come to Jacob before he spoke to them.
@ -3986,7 +3985,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:5 hvoc וֵֽ⁠אלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔⁠י 1 “but my father’s God” or “but the God whom my father serves/worships” or “but the God {who takes care} of my father”. See how you translated “the God of …” in Gen 28:13.
31:5 ocbl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָיָ֖ה עִמָּדִֽ⁠י 1 “has stayed with me {and has helped/blessed me}.” See how you translated the idiom “be with you” in verse 3.
31:6 qxli rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual וְ⁠אַתֵּ֖נָה יְדַעְתֶּ֑ן 1 “You {both} know”. In the Hebrew text, “you” is an emphatic pronoun. Also, some languages have a special dual pronoun that fits here well. Do what is best in your language.
31:6 pvt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure כִּ֚י בְּ⁠כָל כֹּחִ֔⁠י עָבַ֖דְתִּי אֶת אֲבִי⁠כֶֽן 1 “that I have tried as hard as I can to serve your father well,” or “how I have worked for your father as hard/faithfully as I could,” Consider where it is best in your language to position the phrase “with all my might” in this clause.
31:6 pvt6 כִּ֚י בְּ⁠כָל כֹּחִ֔⁠י עָבַ֖דְתִּי אֶת אֲבִי⁠כֶֽן 1 “that I have served your father with all my might/strength,” or “that I have tried as hard as I could to serve your father well,” or “how I have worked for your father as hard/faithfully as I could,”
31:7 w4hj וַ⁠אֲבִי⁠כֶן֙ הֵ֣תֶל בִּ֔⁠י 1 “but {in spite of that,} he has deceived/cheated me” or “but {yet} he has treated me unfairly”
31:7 umvt וְ⁠הֶחֱלִ֥ף אֶת מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּ֖⁠י עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת מֹנִ֑ים 1 “by changing what he pays me ten times.” or “and ten times he has changed what he said that he would pay me.”
31:7 k1rd וְ⁠לֹֽא נְתָנ֣⁠וֹ אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְ⁠הָרַ֖ע עִמָּדִֽ⁠י 1 “However, God has not permitted him to harm/hurt me.” or “But God has prevented/kept him from harming/hurting me.” or “But God has protected me so that he/Laban did/could not hurt/harm me.” In this context, “harm” especially refers to financial harm, but it can also include physical harm.
@ -3995,9 +3994,9 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:8 m5nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠יָלְד֥וּ כָל הַ⁠צֹּ֖אן 1 “then all {the female animals in} the flocks gave birth to” or “then all the female sheep and goats gave birth to”
31:8 minm נְקֻדִּ֑ים 1 “speckled {young/babies}.” or “{young/babies that were} speckled.”
31:8 qdhx וְ⁠אִם כֹּ֣ה יֹאמַ֗ר 1 “But if/whenever he said {to me}” or “Then if/whenever he {changed his mind and} told {me}”
31:8 av4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations עֲקֻדִּים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׂכָרֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 “that {only} the streaked {animals} would be my wages/pay,” or “that he would pay me by giving me {only} the animals with streaks on them,” See how you translated “streaked” in Gen 30:35, 39, 40.
31:8 av4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations עֲקֻדִּים֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׂכָרֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 “that {only} the streaked/striped {animals} would be my wages/pay,” or “that he would pay me by giving me {only} the animals with streaks/stripes on them,” See how you translated “streaked” in Gen 30:35, 39, 40.
31:8 bhhl וְ⁠יָלְד֥וּ כָל הַ⁠צֹּ֖אן 2 “then all {the females in} the flock{s} gave birth to” or “then all the female sheep and goats had” or “then they all gave birth to”
31:8 lrxh וְ⁠יָלְד֥וּ עֲקֻדִּֽים 1 “streaked {young/babies}.” or “{young/babies that had} streaks/stripes on them.”
31:8 lrxh עֲקֻדִּֽים 1 “streaked/striped {young/babies}.” or “{young/babies that had} streaks/stripes on them.”
31:9 z6ij וַ⁠יַּצֵּ֧ל אֱלֹהִ֛ים 1 “In that way, God has taken” or “So that’s how God took”
31:9 igfi אֶת מִקְנֵ֥ה אֲבִי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 “{many of} the animals that belonged to your father” or “{many of} the sheep and goats that were your father’s” or “{many of} your father’s animals {from him}”. The term “livestock” usually includes all kinds of domestic animals, but in this context it refers to the sheep and goats that Jacob was taking care of for Laban.
31:9 s89z וַ⁠יִּתֶּן לִֽ⁠י 1 “and gave {them} to me {instead}.” or “and has given {them} to me.”
@ -4006,7 +4005,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:10 nw40 יַחֵ֣ם הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן 1 “that/when the female sheep and goats were in heat,” or “that/when the flock{s} {of sheep and goats} were mating/breeding,”
31:10 dbn3 וָ⁠אֶשָּׂ֥א עֵינַ֛⁠י וָ⁠אֵ֖רֶא בַּ⁠חֲל֑וֹם וְ⁠הִנֵּ֤ה 1 “I had a dream and {in the dream} I looked around and saw/noticed that” or “I had a dream. {In the dream} I looked around and was surprised to see that”. The word “behold” emphasizes what Jacob saw and might also express that he was surprised at what he saw.
31:10 un5t הָֽ⁠עַתֻּדִים֙ הָ⁠עֹלִ֣ים עַל הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן 1 “the {only} male goats {and sheep} that were mating with the female goats {and sheep}”. Some languages have special terms for male and female goats or sheep. For example, billy goats and nanny goats (for male and female goats) and rams and ewes (for male and female sheep). Choose terms in your language that are natural and well-known.
31:10 gcp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּ⁠בְרֻדִּֽים 1 “{were} streaked/striped, speckled, or blotched.” or “had a streaked/striped, speckled, or spotted/blotched pattern {in/on their fur/hair}.” It may be more natural to put this phrase earlier and say, “… saw that the male goats {and sheep} that were streaked, speckled, and spotted were the {only} ones that were mating with the female goats {and sheep}.” Do what is best in your language.
31:10 gcp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּ⁠בְרֻדִּֽים 1 “{were} streaked/striped, speckled, or spotted/blotched.” or “had a streaked/striped, speckled, or spotted/blotched pattern {in/on their fur/hair}.” It may be more natural to put this phrase earlier and say, “… saw that the male goats {and sheep} that were streaked, speckled, and spotted were the {only} ones that were mating with the female goats {and sheep}.” Do what is best in your language.
31:11 ttd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-key-terms וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלַ֜⁠י מַלְאַ֧ךְ הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֛ים בַּ⁠חֲל֖וֹם יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב 1 “Then/And an angel from God called to me in the dream {and said}, ‘Jacob!’ ” or “Then in the dream, one of God’s angels said/called to me, ‘Jacob!’ ” In some languages it is more natural to put “in the dream” earlier in this clause. Do what is best in your language. Also see how you translated “an angel of God” in Gen 21:17.
31:11 l29s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וָ⁠אֹמַ֖ר 1 “and I answered/responded,”
31:11 my6h הִנֵּֽנִ⁠י 1 “Here I am!” or “Yes, {Lord/sir}?” or “Yes, I am listening.” See how you translated this phrase in Gen 22:1 and 27:11.
@ -4014,7 +4013,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:12 cck2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שָׂא נָ֨א עֵינֶ֤י⁠ךָ 1 “Look around you” or “Look carefully”. See how you translated this idiom in Gen 22:13. Also see how you translated Gen 22:2, another passage where Yahweh uses “Please”.
31:12 vsue וּ⁠רְאֵה֙ 1 “and observe/notice {that}”
31:12 jhzz כָּל הָֽ⁠עַתֻּדִים֙ הָ⁠עֹלִ֣ים עַל הַ⁠צֹּ֔אן 1 “all the male goats {and sheep} that are mating with the female goats {and sheep}”. See how you translated a similar phrase in verse 10.
31:12 c8mt עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּ⁠בְרֻדִּ֑ים 1 “{are} streaked/striped, speckled, or blotched,” or “have a streaked/striped, speckled, or spotted/blotched pattern {in their fur/hair},” See how you translated this phrase in verses 8 and 10.
31:12 c8mt עֲקֻדִּ֥ים נְקֻדִּ֖ים וּ⁠בְרֻדִּ֑ים 1 “{are} streaked/striped, speckled, or spotted/blotched,” or “have a streaked/striped, speckled, or spotted/blotched pattern {in their fur/hair},” See how you translated this phrase in verses 8 and 10.
31:12 rsid rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֣י רָאִ֔יתִי 1 “{I, Yahweh, have caused that to happen,} because I have observed/noticed”. Sometimes an angel says “I” as God’s representative, but in this context, it seems to be Yahweh himself (in the form of an angel) who is speaking to Jacob (See verse 13). That information could be put in a footnote, and you could make “Yahweh” explicit in the text to make that clear.
31:12 iy7e אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָבָ֖ן עֹ֥שֶׂה לָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 “all {the wrong/terrible things} that Laban has done to you.” or “all the ways that Laban has been treating you {badly/wrongfully}.”
31:13 iheg אָנֹכִ֤י הָ⁠אֵל֙ בֵּֽית אֵ֔ל 1 “I {am} the God {who appeared to you} at {the town of} Bethel,”
@ -4024,9 +4023,9 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:13 pbq6 וְ⁠שׁ֖וּב אֶל 1 “and go/travel back to”
31:13 l0op אֶ֥רֶץ מוֹלַדְתֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 “the land where you were born.” or “the land where your relatives live.” or “your native/home land.” The Hebrew word for “birth” in this phrase can also be translated as “relatives” here (as in verse 3). See how you translated this phrase in Gen 24:7.
31:14 rws1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠תַּ֤עַן רָחֵל֙ וְ⁠לֵאָ֔ה וַ⁠תֹּאמַ֖רְנָה ל֑⁠וֹ 1 “Then Rachel and Leah responded to him/Jacob,” or “Rachel and Leah replied to him/Jacob,”
31:14 vutc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠ע֥וֹד לָ֛⁠נוּ חֵ֥לֶק וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 “We no longer have any part/share in the inheritance” or “We will not/never inherit anything”. This rhetorical question expects the answer “no”. It also expresses Rachel and Leah’s strong emotion and emphasizes that there is nothing for them to inherit from their father. Consider whether or not a rhetorical question fits well here in your language.
31:14 vutc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠ע֥וֹד לָ֛⁠נוּ חֵ֥לֶק וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 “We no longer have any part/share in the inheritance” or “We will not/never inherit anything”. This rhetorical question expects the answer “no.” It also expresses Rachel's and Leah’s strong emotion and emphasizes that there is nothing for them to inherit from their father. Consider whether or not a rhetorical question fits well here in your language.
31:14 cwr2 בְּ⁠בֵ֥ית אָבִֽי⁠נוּ 1 “from our father’s house/estate {when he dies}!” or “from our father {when he dies}”
31:15 pz13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֧וֹא & נֶחְשַׁ֥בְנוּ ל֖⁠וֹ 1 “Doesn’t he regard/treat us” or “It is obvious that he regards/treats us” or “He obviously is treating us”. This rhetorical question expects the answer “yes” and expresses Rachel and Leah’s anger at how their father treats them. Consider whether or not it is natural in your language to use a rhetorical question here.
31:15 pz13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֧וֹא & נֶחְשַׁ֥בְנוּ ל֖⁠וֹ 1 “Doesn’t he regard/treat us” or “It is obvious that he regards/treats us” or “He obviously is treating us”. This rhetorical question expects the answer “yes” and expresses Rachel's and Leah’s anger at how their father treats them. Consider whether or not it is natural in your language to use a rhetorical question here.
31:15 zdnp נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת 1 “like foreigners/strangers/outsiders {and not family}” or “as if we were foreigners/strangers {instead of family}”
31:15 xc1g כִּ֣י מְכָרָ֑⁠נוּ 1 “For example, he sold us {to you},” or “After all, he sold us {to you},” This sentence is an example of how Laban treated his daughters like foreigners.
31:15 eovg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יֹּ֥אכַל גַּם אָכ֖וֹל 1 “and then he spent all” or “and then he used up all”. The phrase “eaten up” is used here as an idiom that means Laban had spent or kept for himself all the wealth he had gained from Jacob’s 14 years of working for him. Many languages have a similar idiom that could be used here. Do what is best in your language.
@ -4041,7 +4040,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:18 u8ps אֶת כָּל מִקְנֵ֗⁠הוּ וְ⁠אֶת כָּל רְכֻשׁ⁠וֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָכָ֔שׁ מִקְנֵה֙ קִנְיָנ֔⁠וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָכַ֖שׁ 1 “{the camels and} all his {other} livestock/animals and {along with them,} {he also took} all the {other} possessions that he had acquired/accumulated”. The word “livestock” is general here and includes all of Jacob’s animals.
31:18 ci2u בְּ⁠פַדַּ֣ן אֲרָ֑ם 1 “{while living} in {the land/region of} Paddan Aram,” Be consistent here with how you translated “{the land/region of} Paddan Aram” in Gen 25:20.
31:18 wde1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure לָ⁠ב֛וֹא אֶל יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִ֖י⁠ו אַ֥רְצָ⁠ה כְּנָֽעַן 1 “to go/return to his father Isaac’s house in the land/region of Canaan.” or “to go/return to Canaan, to {the home of} his father Isaac.” or “to the land/region of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived.” For some languages it is more natural to put this clause earlier in this verse and say, “Then he {started} driving/herding {the camels} and all his {other} animals to/toward the land/region of Canaan where his father Isaac lived. {He took with him} all his possessions that he had accumulated, {including} all the livestock that he had acquired/accumulated {while living} in {the land/region of} Paddan Aram.” Do what is best in your language.
31:19 ilof rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠לָבָ֣ן 1 “Now {before that,} Laban {the Aramean}”. Make sure it is clear in your translation that the events in verse 19 happened before Jacob and his family had left. Also, for some languages it is more natural to first make “the Aramean” explicit here in verse 19, rather than wait until verse 20. Do what is best in your language.
31:19 ilof rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְ⁠לָבָ֣ן 1 “Now {before that,} Laban {the Aramean}”. Make sure it is clear in your translation that the events in verse 19 happened before Jacob and his family had left. Also, for some languages it is more natural to first make “the Aramean” explicit here in verse 19 rather than wait until verse 20. Do what is best in your language.
31:19 akjd הָלַ֔ךְ לִ⁠גְזֹ֖ז אֶת צֹאנ֑⁠וֹ 1 “had gone away {for several days} to cut the wool off his sheep”. In that culture, sheep wool was very important since it was used to make clothing and blankets. The process of shearing many sheep would have taken several days. You could include some of this information in a footnote.
31:19 zdy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּגְנֹ֣ב רָחֵ֔ל 1 “so {while he was gone,} Rachel {went into her father’s tent and} stole/took” or “{While he was gone,} Rachel {entered his tent and} stole/took”. Consider whether it is more natural in your language to begin a new sentence here.
31:19 vfcm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֶת הַ⁠תְּרָפִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ⁠אָבִֽי⁠הָ 1 “his {household/family} idols/gods,” or “the idols/gods that he had/worshiped.” These idols were statues made of wood or precious metals. They were small enough to be used in a private home. In this chapter these statues are referred to as “idols” (in verses 19, 34, 35 when the author refers to them) and “gods” (in quotes in verses 30 and 32 when Laban or Jacob talk about them). If it is confusing in your language to switch back and forth between these two terms, you could use “gods” throughout this chapter, since Laban would not have called them idols, nor would Jacob have used that term in his presence. However, if possible, it is best to translate the two terms the way the Hebrew text has them.
@ -4051,7 +4050,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:21 k7p0 וַ⁠יִּבְרַ֥ח הוּא֙ 1 “So Jacob {and his family} ran away” or “So {in that way} Jacob ran away {with his family}”. This statement summarizes an event that already happened (See verses 18 and 20). Make sure your translation of this verse does not sound like Jacob left a second time. To make this clear you could say, “After Jacob {and his family} ran away with everything that they owned, they {quickly} crossed the {Euphrates} River and headed toward the hill country of Gilead.”
31:21 zuha וְ⁠כָל 1 “with all/everything” or “and {took/brought} all/everything”
31:21 els4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲשֶׁר ל֔⁠וֹ 1 “that {belonged} to them.” or “that he/they had/owned.” Make sure that your choice of pronouns throughout this verse fits with how you translate the beginning of this sentence.
31:21 bsy0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּ֖קָם וַ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֣ר אֶת הַ⁠נָּהָ֑ר 1 “He/They quickly crossed the {Euphrates} River”. The Euphrates River was also called “the River” because it was large and well-known. It was about 50 miles (80 kilometers) from Haran where Laban lived. This information could be put in a footnote.
31:21 bsy0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּ֖קָם וַ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֣ר אֶת הַ⁠נָּהָ֑ר 1 “He/They quickly crossed the {Euphrates} River”. The Euphrates River was also called “the River” because it was large and well-known. It was about 50 miles (80 kilometers) from Haran, where Laban lived. This information could be put in a footnote.
31:21 bgnu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת פָּנָ֖י⁠ו 1 “and headed toward” or “and went/traveled in the direction of”
31:21 ancy הַ֥ר הַ⁠גִּלְעָֽד 1 “the mountain region of/called Gilead.” or “the hill country of/called Gilead.” The Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It can (1) refer to mountains or hill country or (2) refer to a specific mountain (“Mount Gilead”).
31:22 luj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠יֻּגַּ֥ד לְ⁠לָבָ֖ן בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י 1 “Three days after {Jacob/they had left}, someone informed/told Laban” or “Three days later Laban found out”
@ -4113,7 +4112,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:35 cd5n וַ⁠יְחַפֵּ֕שׂ וְ⁠לֹ֥א מָצָ֖א אֶת הַ⁠תְּרָפִֽים 1 “That is {also} why he did/could not find the/his idols/gods when he searched {her/Rachel’s tent}.” or “So {that is why} he did/could not find the/his idols/gods {in her/Rachel’s tent}.”
31:36 ruop rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּ֥חַר לְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 “Then Jacob became {very} angry {at Laban}”. See how you translated the idiom “burn” in verse 35.
31:36 ocyd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יָּ֣רֶב בְּ⁠לָבָ֑ן וַ⁠יַּ֤עַן יַעֲקֹב֙ וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר לְ⁠לָבָ֔ן 1 “and contended with Laban/him and said,” or “and confronted/rebuked Laban/him by saying to him,”
31:36 tk5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה פִּשְׁעִ⁠י֙ 1 “Tell me my crime!” or “Tell me what crime I have done/committed!” Jacob’s rhetorical questions in this verse show that he was angry at Laban. Do what is best in your language to communicate the same thing.
31:36 tk5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה פִּשְׁעִ⁠י֙ 1 “Tell me my crime!” or “Tell me what crime I have done/committed!” Jacob’s rhetorical questions in this verse show that he was angry at Laban. Do what is best in your language to communicate his anger.
31:36 cs49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַ֣ה חַטָּאתִ֔⁠י כִּ֥י דָלַ֖קְתָּ אַחֲרָֽ⁠י 1 “How have I sinned against you so that you have a reason to pursue me so intensely/fiercely?” or “Tell me what sin/offense I have done/committed {against you} that gives you the right to pursue/chase after me!”
31:37 ywk5 כִּֽי מִשַּׁ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת כָּל כֵּלַ֗⁠י 1 “Now that you have felt/rummaged/searched through all my things/possessions,” See how you translated “felt through” in verse 34.
31:37 x9qo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַה מָּצָ֨אתָ֙ מִ⁠כֹּ֣ל כְּלֵי בֵיתֶ֔⁠ךָ שִׂ֣ים כֹּ֔ה 1 “did you find anything {that anyone took} from your household? {If so,} put/bring {it} here” or “show us what you have found that belongs to you! {If you found anything,} put/bring {it} here”.
@ -4128,7 +4127,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:39 r3p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ⁠יָּדִ֖⁠י תְּבַקְשֶׁ֑⁠נָּה 1 “{Besides that,} you required me to pay for” or “You {also} made me pay for”. Consider what is the best way to translate this idiom in your language.
31:39 m07f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גְּנֻֽבְתִ֣י י֔וֹם וּ⁠גְנֻֽבְתִ֖י לָֽיְלָה 1 “{any} animals that got stolen {by thieves}, whether it happened in the day or at night.” or “{any} animals {that anyone ever} stole {at any time of} day or night.” Consider what is the best way to translate this passive clause in your language.
31:40 beew הָיִ֧יתִי 1 “That is how it was for me!” or “That was my life/situation!”
31:40 kw5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בַ⁠יּ֛וֹם אֲכָלַ֥⁠נִי חֹ֖רֶב 1 “During the day the heat {of the sun} oppressed/pounded me,” or “During the days, I suffered from the hot sun,” Consider whether or not you can talk about heat and frost in your language as if they could harm Jacob the way a person could.
31:40 kw5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בַ⁠יּ֛וֹם אֲכָלַ֥⁠נִי חֹ֖רֶב 1 “During the day the heat {of the sun} oppressed/pounded me,” or “During the days, I suffered from the hot sun,” Consider whether or not you can talk about heat and frost in your language as if they could harm Jacob the way a person could harm him.
31:40 w4mt וְ⁠קֶ֣רַח בַּ⁠לָּ֑יְלָה וַ⁠תִּדַּ֥ד 1 “and at night {I suffered from} the frost/cold, so that I could not/hardly sleep.” or “and during the nights it was so cold that I could not/hardly sleep.”
31:41 y13m זֶה לִּ֞⁠י 1 “That {is what it was like} for me” or “{It was like} that for me”
31:41 xgae עֶשְׂרִ֣ים שָׁנָה֮ בְּ⁠בֵיתֶ⁠ךָ֒ 1 “{for/during the} twenty years that I worked for you.” or “{during the entire} twenty years that I was with you.”
@ -4148,7 +4147,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:43 l7ol rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ⁠כֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה לִ⁠י 1 “In fact, everything/all that you see {here} is mine!” or “Yes, everything that is here with you is {actually} mine!” Laban is lying or exaggerating here to make it sound like he was wronged, when actually he is the one who was dishonest in his dealings with Jacob.
31:43 p48f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠לִ⁠בְנֹתַ֞⁠י מָֽה־אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֤ה לָ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם א֥וֹ לִ⁠בְנֵי⁠הֶ֖ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלָֽדוּ 1 “But/Yet there is nothing I can do today/now to keep my daughters and grandchildren from leaving!” or “But I can’t do anything now to keep my daughters and their children near me {any longer}!” Laban uses this rhetorical question to express his emotions and emphasize that there is nothing that he can do. Consider whether or not a rhetorical question fits well here in your language.
31:44 qc32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְ⁠עַתָּ֗ה לְכָ֛⁠ה נִכְרְתָ֥ה בְרִ֖ית אֲנִ֣י וָ⁠אָ֑תָּה 1 “So then, you and I should make a {peace} covenant/treaty {with each other},” or “So I invite you to make a covenant/treaty with me,” For some languages it may be more natural to put “I” and “you” earlier in the sentence. Do what is best in your language. Also see how you translated “So now” in verse 16 and “cut a covenant” in Gen 26:28.
31:44 e2ml וְ⁠הָיָ֥ה 1 “and let there be” or “and there should be”. The subject of the Hebrew verb in this phrase is masculine singular, so it cannot refer to “covenant”, which is feminine singular. It is probably best to translate this phrase in a more general way (See the alternate translations above).
31:44 e2ml וְ⁠הָיָ֥ה 1 “and let there be” or “and there should be”. The subject of the Hebrew verb in this phrase is masculine singular, so it cannot refer to “covenant,” which is feminine singular. It is probably best to translate this phrase in a more general way (See the alternate translations above).
31:44 hw1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive לְ⁠עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 “a witness/memorial to remind us {of our covenant/treaty}.” or “something to remind us {to keep that covenant/treaty}.” If your language has a dual pronoun for “us”, you could use it in this verse. Also, if your language distinguishes exclusive and inclusive pronouns, you could use the inclusive form of “us” here.
31:45 o8yl וַ⁠יִּקַּ֥ח יַעֲקֹ֖ב אָ֑בֶן 1 “So Jacob picked out a {large} stone”. See how you translated “stone” in Gen 28:18.
31:45 szb8 וַ⁠יְרִימֶ֖⁠הָ מַצֵּבָֽה 1 “and set/stood it up {on its end} {as} a monument {to mark the place where they made their covenant/treaty}.” or “and set/stood it up {as} a memorial/reminder stone {to mark the place as special}.” See how you translated “pillar” in verse 13 and “set it up as a pillar” in Gen 28:18, 22.
@ -4163,7 +4162,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:48 frxp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר לָבָ֔ן 1 “Then Laban said {to Jacob/him},” or “Laban said {to him/Jacob},”
31:48 flop הַ⁠גַּ֨ל הַ⁠זֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינְ⁠ךָ֖ הַ⁠יּ֑וֹם 1 “This heap/pile {of stones} is to remind us {to keep our peace covenant/treaty}.” or “{Starting} today, when we see this pile/mound {of stones}, we will remember {our peace covenant/treaty}.”
31:48 is6t עַל כֵּ֥ן 1 “That is the reason” or “That is why”
31:48 ii9r קָרָֽא שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ גַּלְעֵֽד 1 “they/people call it Galeed.” or “that place is called Galeed.” or “the name of that place is Galeed.” The phrase “he called its name” is used here in a general way that means “they/people call it”; it does not refer to Laban. Make sure that is clear in your language.
31:48 ii9r קָרָֽא שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ גַּלְעֵֽד 1 “they/people call it Galeed.” or “that place is called Galeed.” or “the name of that place is Galeed.” The phrase “he called its name” is used here in a general way that means “they/people call it”; the pronoun “he” does not refer here to Laban. Make sure that is clear in your language.
31:49 f54v וְ⁠הַ⁠מִּצְפָּה֙ 1 “{It is/was} also {called/named} Mizpah,” or “People also call {the place,} Mizpah,” or “{Another name for the place is} Mizpah, {which means “watchtower,”}”
31:49 nyx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔ר 1 “because Laban said {to Jacob},” Make sure that your translation of “he” refers here to Laban.
31:49 c2yk יִ֥צֶף יְהוָ֖ה בֵּינִ֣⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 “May Yahweh watch both/each of us” or “May Yahweh keep watch on/over us”
@ -4171,7 +4170,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:50 v7k5 אִם תְּעַנֶּ֣ה אֶת בְּנֹתַ֗⁠י 1 “If you treat my daughters badly,” or “If you mistreat/oppress my daughters,” See how you translated “afflict” in Gen 15:13 and 16:6, and how you translated a related word (“affliction”) in verse 42.
31:50 khim וְ⁠אִם תִּקַּ֤ח נָשִׁים֙ עַל בְּנֹתַ֔⁠י 1 “or if you marry {other} wives/women besides them,”
31:50 lk38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-dual אֵ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ עִמָּ֑⁠נוּ רְאֵ֕ה 1 “{even if} no one {else} is watching us, don’t forget {that}” or “remember {that} {even if} no one {else} is watching us,” See how you translated the pronoun “we” in verse 49.
31:50 yyv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֱלֹהִ֥ים עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 “God is {always} watching both of us {to hold us accountable}.” or “God always sees/watches us {and will punish us if we break our covenant/treaty}.” In his role as witness, God would also punish anyone who broke the covenant. You could make this information explicit in your translation, or put it in a footnote.
31:50 yyv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֱלֹהִ֥ים עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 “God is {always} watching both of us {to hold us accountable}.” or “God always sees/watches us {and will punish us if we break our covenant/treaty}.” In his role as witness, God would also punish anyone who broke the covenant. You could make this information explicit in your translation or put it in a footnote.
31:51 s0w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר לָבָ֖ן לְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֑ב 1 “Then Laban {also} said to Jacob,”
31:51 kv6e הִנֵּ֣ה 1 “See” or “Here is” or “Look at”
31:51 ur69 הַ⁠גַּ֣ל הַ⁠זֶּ֗ה 1 “this heap/pile/mound {of stones},” See how you translated “heap” in verses 46 and 48.
@ -4179,7 +4178,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:51 nyh6 הַ⁠מַצֵּבָ֔ה 1 “this monument” or “this memorial/reminder stone”. See how you translated “pillar” in verse 45.
31:51 xaq8 אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרִ֖יתִי בֵּינִ֥⁠י וּ⁠בֵינֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 “which I {helped} set up between us {to remind us to keep our peace treaty}.” or “which we set/stood up between us {to remind us about our peace covenant/treaty}.” Jacob set up the stone as a pillar, but Laban and Jacob, along with their relatives, worked together to make the pile of stones.
31:52 wobp עֵ֚ד הַ⁠גַּ֣ל הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה וְ⁠עֵדָ֖ה הַ⁠מַּצֵּבָ֑ה 1 “This heap/pile {of stones} {is} a witness/reminder and this pillar {is} {also} a witness/reminder” or “This pile/mound {of stones} and this monument/memorial {both} remind us”. See how you translated “witness” in verses 44 and 48.
31:52 vhku אִם אָ֗נִי לֹֽא אֶֽעֱבֹ֤ר אֵלֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ אֶת הַ⁠גַּ֣ל הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 “that I will/must never go past this heap/pile/mound to {harm/attack} you,” Laban and Jacob could go to each other’s homes in peace, but not to harm each other.
31:52 vhku אִם אָ֗נִי לֹֽא אֶֽעֱבֹ֤ר אֵלֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ אֶת הַ⁠גַּ֣ל הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 “that I will/must never go past this heap/pile/mound to {harm/attack} you,” Laban and Jacob could go to each other’s homes in peace but not to harm each other.
31:52 v9lx וְ⁠אִם אַ֠תָּה לֹא תַעֲבֹ֨ר אֵלַ֜⁠י אֶת הַ⁠גַּ֥ל הַ⁠זֶּ֛ה וְ⁠אֶת הַ⁠מַּצֵּבָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּ֖את לְ⁠רָעָֽה 1 “and that you will/must never go past this heap/pile/mound and this monument/memorial to harm/attack me.”
31:53 cmza אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם 1 “May {your grandfather} Abraham’s God” or “May the God whom your grandfather Abraham served/worshiped”. See how you translated a similar phrase in Gen 28:13.
31:53 kg7k וֵֽ⁠אלֹהֵ֤י נָחוֹר֙ & אֱלֹהֵ֖י אֲבִי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 “and {my grandfather} Nahor’s gods, {which were also} their/his father {Terah}’s gods,” or “and the gods that {my grandfather} Nahor and his father {Terah} worshiped/served,” Abraham trusted in Yahweh, the one and only true God (Gen 15:6). Terah worshiped other gods (Joshua 24:2), and so did Laban (verses 19, 30), which suggests that Nahor served the same gods that his father Terah served, and then taught his son Laban to do the same thing. In spite of that, many translations still capitalize “God” all three times here in verse 53. Be consistent with how you spelled “Nahor” in the book of Genesis. See Gen 11:22-25, 29; 12:26-27; 22:20, 24, 28; 24:9, 15, 24, 47; 29:5; 31:53.
@ -4188,7 +4187,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
31:53 jtf2 בְּ⁠פַ֖חַד אָבִ֥י⁠ו יִצְחָֽק 1 “by the God whom his father Isaac feared/revered, {that he would keep their treaty,}” or “with the Fear/God of his father Isaac as his witness/enforcer,” See how you translated “the Fear of Isaac” in verse 42.
31:54 j4i6 וַ⁠יִּזְבַּ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֥ב זֶ֨בַח֙ בָּ⁠הָ֔ר 1 “and Jacob/he offered an animal sacrifice {to God} {on an altar} on the/a mountain/hill.” or “and Jacob/he burned {the body of} an animal {on an altar} as a sacrifice {to God} on the/a mountain/hill.” Make sure your translation does not sound like Jacob burned the animal while it was still alive. Also see how you translated “sacrificed” in Gen 22:13.
31:54 xzn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֥א לְ⁠אֶחָ֖י⁠ו לֶ⁠אֱכָל לָ֑חֶם 1 “Then he invited his relatives to eat a meal {together} {there}.” In the Bible, “bread” is often used as an idiom that refers to food in general. In this context, it was a meal that they shared together. Make sure that is clear in your translation.
31:54 lc58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יֹּ֣אכְלוּ לֶ֔חֶם וַ⁠יָּלִ֖ינוּ בָּ⁠הָֽר 1 “Then after they had eaten the meal, they spent the night {there} on the/that mountain/hill.” or “So they {all} ate the meal {together} and spent the night there.” As in Genesis 26:30, eating together was an important part of the covenant or treaty process, since it shows unity and close relationship as if they were part of the same family. Some of that information could be included in a footnote.
31:54 lc58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יֹּ֣אכְלוּ לֶ֔חֶם וַ⁠יָּלִ֖ינוּ בָּ⁠הָֽר 1 “Then after they had eaten the meal, they spent the night {there} on the/that mountain/hill.” or “So they {all} ate the meal {together} and spent the night there.” As in Genesis 26:30, eating together was an important part of the covenant or treaty process, since it shows unity and close relationship, as if they were part of the same family. Some of that information could be included in a footnote.
31:55 m83j וַ⁠יַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם לָבָ֜ן בַּ⁠בֹּ֗קֶר 1 “The next morning Laban got up early” or “Early the next morning Laban got up”. See how you translated a similar clause in Gen 28:18.
31:55 t8nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יְנַשֵּׁ֧ק לְ⁠בָנָ֛י⁠ו וְ⁠לִ⁠בְנוֹתָ֖י⁠ו 1 “and kissed his grandchildren and his daughters {goodbye} {on the cheeks}” or “said goodbye to his daughters and grandchildren and kissed them {on the cheeks}”. It was a Hebrew custom for relatives and close friends to greet each other with a kiss on each cheek. Only make this information explicit here if it is necessary to prevent wrong meaning.
31:55 k8dd וַ⁠יְבָ֣רֶךְ אֶתְ⁠הֶ֑ם 1 “and asked God to bless them.”
@ -4197,7 +4196,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:1 jfda וַ⁠יִּפְגְּעוּ ב֖⁠וֹ מַלְאֲכֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים 1 “and {some} angels from God met/encountered him.” Translate “met” in a way that allows for the fact that no conversation is recorded between the angels and Jacob, and that the angels were probably not hostile, but may have been sent by God to escort and protect him.
32:2 a5gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאָ֔⁠ם 1 “When Jacob saw the angels, he said/exclaimed {in surprise},” Make sure that you refer to Jacob and the angels here in a way that is accurate and natural in your language.
32:2 u5u0 מַחֲנֵ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים זֶ֑ה 1 “This {is} God’s army!” or “God’s camp/army must be here/nearby!” or “God’s army is {stationed/camping} here!”
32:2 gvw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֛א שֵֽׁם הַ⁠מָּק֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא מַֽחֲנָֽיִם 1 “So he named that place Mahanaim, {which means “two camps/armies.”}” If you include the meaning of the name “Mahanaim” in your translation or in a footnote, be sure it matches the way you translated “God’s camp” earlier in the verse, so that it is clear why Jacob gave the place that name. Also see how you translated “he called the name of that place” in Gen 28:19.
32:2 gvw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֛א שֵֽׁם הַ⁠מָּק֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא מַֽחֲנָֽיִם 1 “So he named that place Mahanaim, {which means “two camps/armies.”}” If you include the meaning of the name “Mahanaim” in your translation or in a footnote, be sure it matches the way you translated “God’s camp” earlier in the verse so that it is clear why Jacob gave the place that name. Also see how you translated “he called the name of that place” in Gen 28:19.
32:3 egca וַ⁠יִּשְׁלַ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֤ב מַלְאָכִים֙ לְ⁠פָנָ֔י⁠ו 1 “Then Jacob sent {some} messengers ahead of him to his brother Esau” or “Then Jacob sent {some} of his servants ahead of him to give/deliver a message to his brother Esau”
32:3 t1b9 אַ֥רְצָ⁠ה שֵׂעִ֖יר 1 “{who was living} in the land/region of Seir,”
32:3 bw1y שְׂדֵ֥ה אֱדֽוֹם 1 “{that is,} the country/land of Edom.” or “{which was also called} the country/land of Edom.”
@ -4226,7 +4225,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:9 nl3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הָ⁠אֹמֵ֣ר אֵלַ֗⁠י שׁ֧וּב לְ⁠אַרְצְ⁠ךָ֛ וּ⁠לְ⁠מוֹלַדְתְּ⁠ךָ֖ 1 “you told me to go back to my homeland/country where my relatives live,” Consider whether it is more natural in your language to use a direct or indirect quote here. Also see how you translated “land” and “relatives” in Gen 31:3.
32:9 lbag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠אֵיטִ֥יבָה עִמָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 “and that you would cause me to prosper.” or “and that you would make things go well for me.” Make sure your choice of “I” or “you” (for God) and “you” or “me” (for Jacob) in this clause fits with the way you translated the previous part of this quote.
32:10 n5k4 קָטֹ֜נְתִּי 1 “I am not worthy of” or “I do not deserve”
32:10 rboa מִ⁠כֹּ֤ל הַ⁠חֲסָדִים֙ וּ⁠מִ⁠כָּל הָ֣⁠אֱמֶ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת עַבְדֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 “the way you have always treated me so kindly and faithfully as your servant.” or “how kind and faithful/loyal you have always been to {me,} as I have served you.”
32:10 rboa מִ⁠כֹּ֤ל הַ⁠חֲסָדִים֙ וּ⁠מִ⁠כָּל הָ֣⁠אֱמֶ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת עַבְדֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 “the way you have always treated me so kindly and faithfully as your servant.” or “how kind and faithful/loyal you have always been to {me} as I have served you.”
32:10 kmdh כִּ֣י בְ⁠מַקְלִ֗⁠י עָבַ֨רְתִּי֙ אֶת הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 “I crossed this/the Jordan {River} with {only} my staff,” or “When I {first} {left home and} crossed this/the Jordan {River}, all that I owned/had was my walking stick,”
32:10 u2f9 וְ⁠עַתָּ֥ה הָיִ֖יתִי לִ⁠שְׁנֵ֥י מַחֲנֽוֹת 1 “but now I have {so many people in my household and so many belongings/possessions that there are} two {large} camps/groups.” or “but now my {family and belongings} are enough to form/make two {large} groups.”
32:11 gjy4 הַצִּילֵ֥⁠נִי נָ֛א 1 “Please rescue me {now}” or “{I’m asking you now to} please save/rescue me”
@ -4234,7 +4233,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:11 g3el כִּֽי יָרֵ֤א אָנֹכִי֙ אֹת֔⁠וֹ פֶּן 1 “because I am afraid that” or “I am very worried that”
32:11 le3k יָב֣וֹא וְ⁠הִכַּ֔⁠נִי אֵ֖ם עַל־בָּנִֽים 1 “he {and his men} will come and attack me {as well as} {these} mothers with/and {their/my/our} children!” or “he {and his men} will attack {and kill} us {all}, {including} {these} mothers with/and {their/my/our} children!”
32:12 w08q וְ⁠אַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֔רְתָּ 1 “But/For you told/promised {me},” or “But {remember that} you promised {me},”
32:12 ubq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הֵיטֵ֥ב אֵיטִ֖יב עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ וְ⁠שַׂמְתִּ֤י אֶֽת זַרְעֲ⁠ךָ֙ כְּ⁠ח֣וֹל הַ⁠יָּ֔ם 1 “that you would surely/greatly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants {as numerous} as {the grains of} sand on the seashore,” For some languages it is more natural to use an indirect quote here, especially since Jacob is quoting the one he is talking to. Do what is best in your language. Also see how you translated “I will cause things to prosper with you” in verse 9, and how you translated “as the sand” in Gen 22:17.
32:12 ubq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הֵיטֵ֥ב אֵיטִ֖יב עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ וְ⁠שַׂמְתִּ֤י אֶֽת זַרְעֲ⁠ךָ֙ כְּ⁠ח֣וֹל הַ⁠יָּ֔ם 1 “that you would surely/greatly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants {as numerous} as {the grains of} sand on the seashore,” For some languages it is more natural to use an indirect quote here, especially since Jacob is quoting the one he is talking to. Do what is best in your language. Also see how you translated “I will cause things to prosper with you” in verse 9 and how you translated “as the sand” in Gen 22:17.
32:12 jpv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא יִסָּפֵ֖ר מֵ⁠רֹֽב 1 “which cannot be counted because there are so many.” or “which are so numerous/many that no one can count them all.”
32:13 x40h וַ⁠יָּ֥לֶן שָׁ֖ם בַּ⁠לַּ֣יְלָה הַ⁠ה֑וּא 1 “Then Jacob spent the night there,”
32:13 mu24 וַ⁠יִּקַּ֞ח מִן הַ⁠בָּ֧א בְ⁠יָד֛⁠וֹ מִנְחָ֖ה 1 “and {during that time} he selected {many} of his animals as gifts/presents” or “and {while he was there} he picked out {many} of the animals he had with him”
@ -4261,7 +4260,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:20 gglq כִּֽי אָמַ֞ר 1 “{Jacob did all that,} because he said/thought,”
32:20 s0ro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֲכַפְּרָ֣ה פָנָ֗י⁠ו בַּ⁠מִּנְחָה֙ 1 “I will/can appease/pacify Esau by sending” or “Perhaps Esau will stop being angry at me if I send”. The idiom “cover his face” means to try to calm someone’s anger by doing something to please him. Consider whether your language has a similar idiom you could use here.
32:20 ne75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בַּ⁠מִּנְחָה֙ הַ⁠הֹלֶ֣כֶת לְ⁠פָנָ֔⁠י 1 “him this gift/present {of animals} ahead of me” or “this gift {of animals} to him ahead of me”. For some languages it is more natural to use an indirect quote here and say, “because he thought that if he sent the gifts {of animals} ahead of himself {to Esau}, then Esau would stop being angry at him.” Notice that this alternate translation also changes the clause order. Do what is best in your language.
32:20 vaa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְ⁠אַחֲרֵי כֵן֙ אֶרְאֶ֣ה פָנָ֔י⁠ו אוּלַ֖י יִשָּׂ֥א פָנָֽ⁠י 1 “After that, perhaps he will {forgive me} and welcome/accept me when we see each other face-to-face.” or “He was hoping that when Esau saw the gifts, he would {forgive him and} welcome him when they met in person.” Make sure that the way you translate this clause fits with how you translated the previous clauses as either a direct or indirect quote.
32:20 vaa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְ⁠אַחֲרֵי כֵן֙ אֶרְאֶ֣ה פָנָ֔י⁠ו אוּלַ֖י יִשָּׂ֥א פָנָֽ⁠י 1 “After that, perhaps he will {forgive me} and welcome/accept me when we see each other face to face.” or “He was hoping that when Esau saw the gifts, he would {forgive him and} welcome him when they met in person.” Make sure that the way you translate this clause fits with how you translated the previous clauses as either a direct or indirect quote.
32:21 r0gm וַ⁠תַּעֲבֹ֥ר הַ⁠מִּנְחָ֖ה עַל פָּנָ֑י⁠ו 1 “Then/So the {animal} gifts {for Esau} were taken ahead of Jacob {by his servants},” or “So Jacob’s servants {went} ahead of Jacob with the {animal} gifts {for Esau},” See how you translated “gift” in verses 13, 18, 20.
32:21 bq6f וְ⁠ה֛וּא לָ֥ן בַּ⁠לַּֽיְלָה הַ⁠ה֖וּא בַּֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶֽה 1 “but/while Jacob {and his family} stayed {behind} in/at the camp that night.” or “but/while Jacob himself stayed/slept for {part of} the night in the camp.”
32:22 kfyv וַ⁠יָּ֣קָם בַּ⁠לַּ֣יְלָה ה֗וּא 1 “{Later} that {same} night Jacob got/woke up and took” or “{Sometime} during that night”. Make sure it is clear in your translation that this is the same night that was referred to in verse 21. Also, the phrase “got up” often refers to initiating an action, but here it may also imply that Jacob got up out of bed after sleeping for a while.
@ -4269,9 +4268,9 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:22 b3kt וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֔ר 1 “and waded/walked across” or “across”
32:22 e2wn אֵ֖ת מַעֲבַ֥ר יַבֹּֽק 1 “a shallow place on/in the Jabbok {Stream/River}.” or “a place in the Jabbok {Stream/River} that was shallow.” A ford is a very shallow place in a stream that is fairly easy and safe for people and animals to walk across. The Jabbok Stream was a small river that flowed from east to west into the Jordan River about halfway between the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee. Jacob took his wives and children from the north side of the stream to the south side; his brother was coming towards them from further south. It might be helpful to include a map here in your translation that includes the places named in this chapter and shows where Jacob and Esau were coming from.
32:23 xi98 וַ⁠יִּקָּחֵ֔⁠ם וַ⁠יַּֽעֲבִרֵ֖⁠ם אֶת הַ⁠נָּ֑חַל 1 “{After} he had taken them across the stream/river,” or “After he did that,” Verse 23 refers back to what already happened in verse 22. Make sure your translation does not sound like Jacob’s wives and children crossed the Jabbok Stream twice in verses 22-23.
32:23 p97f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֵ֖ר אֶת אֲשֶׁר ל⁠וֹ 1 “he {went back and} had his servants take {everything} that he owned across {the stream/river} {too}.” or “he {went back and} had his servants take {all} his {livestock/animals and other} belongings/possessions across {the stream/river} {too}.” At some point, Jacob went back to the north side of the Jabbok Stream, while his family waited for him on the south side. His belongings included the animals that he had not sent ahead to Esau, as well as all his other possessions.
32:23 p97f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֵ֖ר אֶת אֲשֶׁר ל⁠וֹ 1 “he {went back and} had his servants take {everything} that he owned across {the stream/river} {too}.” or “he {went back and} had his servants take {all} his {livestock/animals and other} belongings/possessions across {the stream/river} {too}.” At some point, Jacob went back to the north side of the Jabbok Stream, while his family waited for him on the south side. His belongings included the animals that he had not sent ahead to Esau as well as all his other possessions.
32:24 vh2l וַ⁠יִּוָּתֵ֥ר יַעֲקֹ֖ב לְ⁠בַדּ֑⁠וֹ 1 “Then Jacob was {there} by himself {for a while},” or “After that, Jacob was alone {there} {for a while},”
32:24 fwnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-honorifics וַ⁠יֵּאָבֵ֥ק אִישׁ֙ עִמּ֔⁠וֹ 1 “and/but {then} a man {came and} wrestled/fought with him”. At some point, Jacob realized that this man was Yahweh in the form of a man (verse 30), so translation teams that capitalize references to God capitalize all the pronouns that refer to him in verses 24-29, and may or may not capitalize “Man” in these verses. See what you did for a similar case when Yahweh appeared as a man to Abraham in Gen 18.
32:24 fwnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-honorifics וַ⁠יֵּאָבֵ֥ק אִישׁ֙ עִמּ֔⁠וֹ 1 “and/but {then} a man {came and} wrestled/fought with him”. At some point, Jacob realized that this man was Yahweh in the form of a man (verse 30), so translation teams that capitalize references to God will capitalize all the pronouns that refer to him in verses 24-29 and may or may not capitalize “Man” in these verses. See what you did for a similar case when Yahweh appeared as a man to Abraham in Gen 18.
32:24 hyuk עַ֖ד עֲל֥וֹת הַ⁠שָּֽׁחַר 1 “until dawn/daybreak.” or “until daylight started to appear.” The word “dawn” refers to the time before sunrise when the sky begins to get light.
32:25 ddzn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יַּ֗רְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ ל֔⁠וֹ 1 “Then the man realized that he could not overpower/defeat him/Jacob, so” or “When the man saw/realized that he was not able to defeat him/Jacob,” Make sure it is clear in your translation who is being referred to in verses 25-29.
32:25 dhow rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּגַּ֖ע בְּ⁠כַף יְרֵכ֑⁠וֹ 1 “he struck/hit {him/Jacob} on his hip,” or “he touched/struck his/Jacob’s hip joint,”
@ -4281,12 +4280,12 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:26 c5o9 שַׁלְּחֵ֔⁠נִי 1 “Let go of me,” or “{You must} let me go {now},”
32:26 y2gk כִּ֥י עָלָ֖ה הַ⁠שָּׁ֑חַר 1 “because it is dawn/daybreak!” or “because daylight is beginning to come!” See how you translated “the dawn came up” in verse 24.
32:26 suau rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר֙ 1 “But Jacob said/replied {to him},”
32:26 p1he rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions לֹ֣א אֲשַֽׁלֵּחֲ⁠ךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם בֵּרַכְתָּֽ⁠נִי 1 “{No!} I will not let go of you until you {first} bless me!” or “{No!} {First} you must bless me, then I will let you go!” or “I will let you go only if/after you bless me!”
32:26 p1he rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions לֹ֣א אֲשַֽׁלֵּחֲ⁠ךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם בֵּרַכְתָּֽ⁠נִי 1 “{No!} I will not let go of you until you {first} bless me!” or “{No!} {First} you must bless me, and then I will let you go!” or “I will let you go only if/after you bless me!”
32:27 as79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖י⁠ו 1 “So/Then the man asked him/Jacob”
32:27 etk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations מַה שְּׁמֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 “Tell me your name.” or “what his name was.” Consider whether it is better to use a direct or indirect quote here in your language.
32:27 xvcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וַ⁠יֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹֽב 1 “He/Jacob answered {him}, “{My name is} Jacob.” ” or “And he told him his name was Jacob.” or “And Jacob told him his name.” Make sure in your translation that Jacob’s reply sounds respectful. Also consider whether it is better to use a direct or indirect quote here in your language.
32:28 twx4 וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר 1 “Then the man said {to Jacob},”
32:28 uf7y לֹ֤א יַעֲקֹב֙ יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 “Your name will no longer be Jacob,” or “You will no longer be called/named Jacob,” The wording here is similar to what God said when he changed Abram’s name to Abraham (Gen 17:5) and Sarai’s name to Sarah (17:15). After that, Abraham and Sarah were no longer called by their previous names. In the case of Jacob, he continues to be referred to by both of his names in this chapter (“Jacob” in verses 29-30, 32; “Israel” in verse 32) and throughout the rest of the Bible, including by God (Gen 46:2). It could be that although God was changing Jacob’s primary name to “Israel”, he was still known by his previous name too. You could put some of that information in a footnote.
32:28 uf7y לֹ֤א יַעֲקֹב֙ יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 “Your name will no longer be Jacob,” or “You will no longer be called/named Jacob,” The wording here is similar to what God said when he changed Abram’s name to Abraham (Gen 17:5) and Sarai’s name to Sarah (17:15). After that, Abraham and Sarah were no longer called by their previous names. In the case of Jacob, he continues to be referred to by both of his names in this chapter (“Jacob” in verses 29-30, 32; “Israel” in verse 32) and throughout the rest of the Bible, including by God (Gen 46:2). It could be that although God was changing Jacob’s primary name to “Israel,” he was still known by his previous name too. You could put some of that information in a footnote.
32:28 qbvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names כִּ֖י אִם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 “but {rather} {it will be} Israel, {which means “he who struggles/contends with God,”}” If you include the meaning of the name “Israel” in your translation or in a footnote, make sure it fits with how you translate “struggled” in the following clause.
32:28 udk7 כִּֽי שָׂרִ֧יתָ עִם אֱלֹהִ֛ים וְ⁠עִם אֲנָשִׁ֖ים 1 “because you have struggled/contended with/against {both} God and men/people,” The Hebrew word for “struggled” here is more general than the word for “wrestled” in verses 24 and 25.
32:28 yhdd וַ⁠תּוּכָֽל 1 “and you have won/overcome.” See how you translated “prevailed” in verse 25 and Gen 30:8. It may be necessary to translate this term in slightly different ways, depending on the context.
@ -4299,7 +4298,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:30 ebqh וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב שֵׁ֥ם הַ⁠מָּק֖וֹם פְּנִיאֵ֑ל 1 “So/Then Jacob named the/that place Peniel, {which means “face of God,”}”
32:30 e0ft כִּֽי 1 “because {he exclaimed},”
32:30 fpdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom רָאִ֤יתִי אֱלֹהִים֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל פָּנִ֔ים 1 “I saw God’s face {here},” or “I saw/met God in person {here},”
32:30 qdf5 וַ⁠תִּנָּצֵ֖ל נַפְשִֽׁ⁠י 1 “but/and {yet} my life was spared {by him}!” or “but/and {yet} he has allowed me to live!” Jacob was amazed that he was still alive, because although there were exceptions (Exodus 33:11; Judges 13:22), normally people could not see God face-to-face and live (Exodus 33:20). You could put that information in a footnote so that readers understand why Jacob was surprised.
32:30 qdf5 וַ⁠תִּנָּצֵ֖ל נַפְשִֽׁ⁠י 1 “but/and {yet} my life was spared {by him}!” or “but/and {yet} he has allowed me to live!” Jacob was amazed that he was still alive, because although there were exceptions (Exodus 33:11; Judges 13:22), normally people could not see God face to face and live (Exodus 33:20). You could put that information in a footnote so that readers understand why Jacob was surprised.
32:31 s3cw וַ⁠יִּֽזְרַֽח ל֣⁠וֹ הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 “The sun shined on Jacob” or “The sun was rising/shining”
32:31 qtbh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖ר אֶת פְּנוּאֵ֑ל 1 “as he/Jacob left Penuel {and returned to his family}.” Penuel is another name for the place that is called Peniel in verse 30. That information could be put in a footnote. Or you could use the same spelling in both verses to avoid confusion; “Penuel” is the spelling in the rest of the Old Testament.
32:31 kp04 וְ⁠ה֥וּא צֹלֵ֖עַ 1 “He was limping {as he walked}” or “{As he walked,} he was limping”. Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
@ -4310,7 +4309,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
32:32 asw5 לֹֽא יֹאכְל֨וּ & אֶת גִּ֣יד הַ⁠נָּשֶׁ֗ה 1 “do not eat the muscle/tendon” or “do not eat meat”
32:32 hbfm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַ⁠יָּרֵ֔ךְ 1 “that is/was attached to an {animal’s} hip socket/joint,” “that comes from an {animal’s} hip socket/joint,” Make sure it is clear in your translation that this is talking about eating meat from an animal, not cannibalism.
32:32 isj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כִּ֤י נָגַע֙ בְּ⁠כַף יֶ֣רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּ⁠גִ֖יד הַ⁠נָּשֶֽׁה 1 “to commemorate/remember {the fact} that God struck/hit {and injured} the muscle/tendon attached to Jacob’s hip socket/joint.” or “because that is the muscle/tendon/place on Jacob’s hip that God struck/hit {and injured}.” See how you translated the idiom “touched” in verse 25.
33:1 kz1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּשָּׂ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב עֵינָ֗י⁠ו וַ⁠יַּרְא֙ 1 “Then Jacob looked up and saw” or “Then Jacob looked {ahead of him} and saw”. Make sure your translation of this idiom does not mean that Jacob looked straight up, rather he probably looked carefully to the south (the direction that his brother was coming from).
33:1 kz1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּשָּׂ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב עֵינָ֗י⁠ו וַ⁠יַּרְא֙ 1 “Then Jacob looked up and saw” or “Then Jacob looked {ahead of him} and saw”. Make sure your translation of this idiom does not mean that Jacob looked straight up. Rather, he probably looked carefully to the south (the direction that his brother was coming from).
33:1 ilei וְ⁠הִנֵּ֣ה עֵשָׂ֣ו בָּ֔א 1 “{in the distance} that Esau was coming {toward him},” or “that Esau was {in the distance} coming/heading {his direction/way},” Esau was still a fair distance away, which gave Jacob time to do everything that he does in verses 1-3.
33:1 ozjn וְ⁠עִמּ֕⁠וֹ אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ 1 “and with him {were} 400 men!” or “with 400 men!” or “and that he had 400 men with him!”
33:1 eqom וַ⁠יַּ֣חַץ אֶת הַ⁠יְלָדִ֗ים עַל לֵאָה֙ וְ⁠עַל רָחֵ֔ל וְ⁠עַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֥י הַ⁠שְּׁפָחֽוֹת 1 “Then/So he/Jacob {quickly} separated/put his children into groups with {their own mothers,} Leah, Rachel and {his} two servant wives.” or “Then/So he/Jacob had his children {quickly} gather/stand with their own mothers, so that Leah, Rachel and {his} two concubines were each with her own children.” Each of the women had her own children with her (verse 2). See how you translated “divided” in Gen 32:7 and “his two maidservants” in Gen 32:22.
@ -4511,7 +4510,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
35:4 emli וְ⁠אֶת הַ⁠נְּזָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ⁠אָזְנֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 “and the earrings they wore on their ears.” or “and {all} their earrings.” These earrings seem to have been part of their idol worship and may have had images of their idols on them. You could include that information in a footnote.
35:4 mkvs וַ⁠יִּטְמֹ֤ן אֹתָ⁠ם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב 1 “Then Jacob hid/buried everything {in the ground}” or “Then Jacob hid/buried all those things {in the ground}”
35:4 ppcd תַּ֥חַת 1 “beside” or “at the foot/base of”. Make sure it is clear in your translation that Jacob buried these things in the ground beside the tree, not directly under the trunk of the tree.
35:4 qkq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָ⁠אֵלָ֖ה 1 “the/a terebinth/oak tree”. Although this phrase refers to a terebinth tree, many translations have “oak tree” instead, or some other type of large, strong tree that is well known. See how you translated a different Hebrew word that is also translated “terebinth tree” or “oak tree” in Gen 12:6; 13:18; 14:13; 18:1. Another Hebrew word in Gen 35:8 is also translated as “oak”.
35:4 qkq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הָ⁠אֵלָ֖ה 1 “the/a terebinth/oak tree”. Although this phrase refers to a terebinth tree, many translations have “oak tree” instead, or some other type of large, strong tree that is well known. See how you translated a different Hebrew word that is also translated “terebinth tree” or “oak tree” in Gen 12:6; 13:18; 14:13; 18:1. Another Hebrew word in Gen 35:8 is also translated as “oak.”
35:4 pwdj אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם שְׁכֶֽם 1 “that {was} near {the city of} Shechem.”
35:5 w4f2 וַ⁠יִּסָּ֑עוּ 1 “Then they {all} left there {and started traveling},” or “Then Jacob and everyone with him left that place,”
35:5 bc7c וַ⁠יְהִ֣י חִתַּ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל הֶֽ⁠עָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹ֣א 1 “and God caused {the people in} the surrounding/nearby cities/towns to be terrified/afraid, so that” or “and God made {the people in} the nearby cities/towns so afraid that”. The Hebrew word “Elohim” probably means “God” in this phrase (as it usually does in the Bible); most English versions translate it that way here. Or it could be an adjective that modifies “dread/terror” and means “great/deep dread/terror” (similar to Gen 23:6, 30:8). See how you translated “dread” in Gen 9:2.
@ -4547,13 +4546,13 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
35:11 ko42 וּ⁠רְבֵ֔ה 1 “and increase {in number}.” or “so that you {and your descendants} become {very} numerous/many.”
35:11 uzb9 גּ֛וֹי וּ⁠קְהַ֥ל גּוֹיִ֖ם יִהְיֶ֣ה מִמֶּ֑⁠ךָּ 1 “{Your descendants will become} a {large} people/ethnic group, in fact, many people/ethnic groups will come/descend from you,” or “Your descendants will become many people/ethnic groups,” Compare how you translated a similar phrase (“a multitude of nations”) in Gen 17:4-5 and another similar phrase (“a community of peoples”) in Gen 28:3.
35:11 ztcs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וּ⁠מְלָכִ֖ים מֵ⁠חֲלָצֶ֥י⁠ךָ יֵצֵֽאוּ 1 “and kings will come/descend from you.” or “and some of your descendants will be kings.” The phrase “come from your loins” is an idiom that refers to having children, grandchildren and other descendants. Consider whether you have a similar idiom in your language.
35:12 wfzz וְ⁠אֶת הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛תִּי לְ⁠אַבְרָהָ֥ם וּ⁠לְ⁠יִצְחָ֖ק לְ⁠ךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑⁠נָּה וּֽ⁠לְ⁠זַרְעֲ⁠ךָ֥ אַחֲרֶ֖י⁠ךָ אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 “{Besides that,} the land that I gave to Abraham and Isaac, I {also} give to you and your descendants {who live} after you.” or “Also, I am giving to you the land that I gave to Abraham and Isaac, and I will {also} give it to your descendants {who live} after you.”
35:12 wfzz וְ⁠אֶת הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛תִּי לְ⁠אַבְרָהָ֥ם וּ⁠לְ⁠יִצְחָ֖ק לְ⁠ךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑⁠נָּה וּֽ⁠לְ⁠זַרְעֲ⁠ךָ֥ אַחֲרֶ֖י⁠ךָ אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ 1 “{Besides that,} the land that I gave to Abraham and Isaac I {also} give to you and your descendants {who live} after you.” or “Also, I am giving to you the land that I gave to Abraham and Isaac, and I will {also} give it to your descendants {who live} after you.”
35:13 jeht rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַ⁠יַּ֥עַל מֵ⁠עָלָ֖י⁠ו אֱלֹהִ֑ים בַּ⁠מָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּ֥ר אִתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 “Then God left Jacob there where he had been speaking/talking to him.” or “After God finished talking to Jacob, he left him there and went up {to heaven}.” See how you translated “went up from” in Gen 17:22.
35:14 apyn וַ⁠יַּצֵּ֨ב יַעֲקֹ֜ב מַצֵּבָ֗ה 1 “Then Jacob set/stood a {large} stone up {on its end}” or “Then Jacob took/chose a {large} stone {that was there} and set/stood it up {on its end}”. See how you translated a similar passage in Gen 28:18 about Jacob setting up a memorial stone pillar.
35:14 vufy בַּ⁠מָּק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּ֥ר אִתּ֖⁠וֹ מַצֶּ֣בֶת אָ֑בֶן 1 “at the place where God had spoken/talked to him, to mark the place {as special}.” or “as a memorial stone to remember the place where God had spoken/talked to him.”
35:14 bs34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠יַּסֵּ֤ךְ עָלֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ נֶ֔סֶךְ וַ⁠יִּצֹ֥ק עָלֶ֖י⁠הָ שָֽׁמֶן 1 “Then he poured some wine and some {olive} oil on the stone pillar/marker {to thank God and dedicate the place to him}.” A drink offering was probably wine that Jacob poured on the stone as a sacrifice to God, to worship and thank him. See how you translated “poured oil on …” in Gen 28:18.
35:15 r8mu וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת שֵׁ֣ם הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבֶּ֨ר אִתּ֥⁠וֹ שָׁ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בֵּֽית אֵֽל 1 “Then Jacob called/named that place Bethel, {which means “house of God,”} because God had spoken/talked to him there.” or “Since God had spoken/talked to Jacob at that place, Jacob named it Bethel, {which means “God’s house.”}” See how you translated “called the name of that place Bethel” in Gen 28:19.
35:16 zgdt וַ⁠יִּסְעוּ֙ מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית אֵ֔ל 1 “Then they left {the town of} Bethel” or “Later Jacob and his family moved on from {the town of} Bethel”. Be consistent here with how you spelled “Bethel” throughout the book of Genesis, and whether you refer to it as a town or a city. See Gen 12:8; 13:3; 28:19; 31:13; 35:1, 3, 7, 15, 16.
35:16 zgdt וַ⁠יִּסְעוּ֙ מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית אֵ֔ל 1 “Then they left {the town of} Bethel” or “Later Jacob and his family moved on from {the town of} Bethel”. Be consistent here with how you spelled “Bethel” throughout the book of Genesis and whether you refer to it as a town or a city. See Gen 12:8; 13:3; 28:19; 31:13; 35:1, 3, 7, 15, 16.
35:16 pluk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַֽ⁠יְהִי ע֥וֹד כִּבְרַת הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ לָ⁠ב֣וֹא אֶפְרָ֑תָה 1 “and started {heading} toward {the town of} Ephrath. But while they were still a distance away from there,” or “and headed for {the town of} Ephrath. While they were still some distance from there,” The phrase “a distance of land” is very general, but your translation should not make it sound like the distance was too far, because Rachel’s grave is about two kilometers (one mile) from Ephrath (Bethlehem).
35:16 xn8j וַ⁠תֵּ֥לֶד רָחֵ֖ל 1 “{Jacob’s/his wife} Rachel, {who was pregnant,} began to have labor/childbirth pains,” or “Rachel went into labor,”
35:16 hid6 וַ⁠תְּקַ֥שׁ בְּ⁠לִדְתָּֽ⁠הּ 1 “but she was having a very difficult time delivering the baby.” or “but she was experiencing great difficulty.”
@ -4561,10 +4560,10 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
35:17 ojel וַ⁠תֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֤⁠הּ הַ⁠מְיַלֶּ֨דֶת֙ 1 “the midwife told her,” or “{the baby was born and} the midwife/woman who was helping her deliver exclaimed to her,”
35:17 infx אַל תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י 1 “Do not worry/despair!”
35:17 uww0 כִּֽי גַם זֶ֥ה לָ֖⁠ךְ בֵּֽן 1 “You {now} have another son/boy!” or “You {just} gave birth to another son/boy!”
35:18 ob0k וַ⁠יְהִ֞י בְּ⁠צֵ֤את נַפְשָׁ⁠הּ֙ כִּ֣י מֵ֔תָה 1 “But Rachel was dying, and as her soul/spirit was leaving her body,” or “But {in fact/reality,} Rachel was about to die, and just/right before her soul/spirit left her,” Some translations use an idiom here, for example, “as she was taking her last breath” or “as her life was slipping/fading away”, but it is best to translate this in a way that preserves the Biblical teaching that at death the soul or spirit leaves the body.
35:18 ob0k וַ⁠יְהִ֞י בְּ⁠צֵ֤את נַפְשָׁ⁠הּ֙ כִּ֣י מֵ֔תָה 1 “But Rachel was dying, and as her soul/spirit was leaving her body,” or “But {in fact/reality,} Rachel was about to die, and just/right before her soul/spirit left her,” Some translations use an idiom here, for example, “as she was taking her last breath” or “as her life was slipping/fading away”, but it is best to translate this in a way that preserves the biblical teaching that at death the soul or spirit leaves the body.
35:18 lpc6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠תִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ בֶּן אוֹנִ֑י 1 “she named her baby {boy} Benoni, {which means “son of my sorrow/trouble.”}” The meaning of this name could imply that the child caused Rachel’s death. In the Hebrew text this name is two words connected with a dash (“Ben-oni”). Many translations write it that way, or as one word (“Benoni”), and a few translations write it as “Ben Oni”. Any of these spellings is fine.
35:18 yl7o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אָבִ֖י⁠ו 1 “But {later,} his father {Jacob}”. Make sure it is clear in your translation that this phrase refers to Jacob. Also, consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
35:18 qoiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קָֽרָא ל֥⁠וֹ בִנְיָמִֽין 1 “named him Benjamin {instead}.” or “changed his name to Benjamin, {which means “son of my right hand.”}” The phrase “son of my right hand” is an idiom that means “favored son” or “son of strength”.
35:18 qoiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קָֽרָא ל֥⁠וֹ בִנְיָמִֽין 1 “named him Benjamin {instead}.” or “changed his name to Benjamin, {which means “son of my right hand.”}” The phrase “son of my right hand” is an idiom that means “favored son” or “son of strength.”
35:19 z9dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַ⁠תָּ֖מָת רָחֵ֑ל וַ⁠תִּקָּבֵר֙ 1 “After Rachel died, her body was buried {by Jacob}” or “After Rachel died, they/Jacob buried her {body}”. See how you translated “was buried” in verse 8.
35:19 u8c3 בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ אֶפְרָ֔תָה 1 “beside/near the road {that goes} to {the town of} Ephrath,”
35:19 v561 הִ֖וא בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם 1 “which {is also called/named} Bethlehem.” or “which {also has the name} Bethlehem.” or “that {is}, Bethlehem.” See how you translated a similar phrase (“which is Bethel”) in verse 6.
@ -4575,11 +4574,11 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
35:21 e4g9 וַ⁠יִּסַּ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 “Then Israel {that is, Jacob,} {and his family} moved on {from there}” or “Then Israel {and his family} started traveling again”. Make sure it is clear in your translation or in a footnote that “Israel” (verses 21-22) and “Jacob” (verses 20, 22) refer to the same person, not two different people.
35:21 sykf וַ⁠יֵּ֣ט אָֽהֳלֹ֔⁠ה 1 “and set/put up his/their tents”
35:21 fueh מֵ⁠הָ֖לְאָה 1 “on the other/south side of”. This phrase reflects the perspective of Jacob, who was traveling south.
35:21 txka rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠מִגְדַּל עֵֽדֶר 1 “the tower of Eder.” or “Eder Tower.” Many translations transliterate “Migdal Eder” (like most other names). Many others translate the meaning of “Migdal” as “the tower” and transliterate “Eder”. A few translate the meaning of the entire name as “the Tower of the Flock”. This was apparently a place near Bethlehem where sheep were raised (Micah 4:8); shepherds may have watched over their flocks from the tower.
35:21 txka rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠מִגְדַּל עֵֽדֶר 1 “the tower of Eder.” or “Eder Tower.” Many translations transliterate “Migdal Eder” (like most other names). Many others translate the meaning of “Migdal” as “the tower” and transliterate “Eder.” A few translate the meaning of the entire name as “the Tower of the Flock.” This was apparently a place near Bethlehem where sheep were raised (Micah 4:8); shepherds may have watched over their flocks from the tower.
35:22 ls6b וַ⁠יְהִ֗י בִּ⁠שְׁכֹּ֤ן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 “While Israel {and his family} were {still} living/staying” or “During the time that they were living/staying”
35:22 ym5y בָּ⁠אָ֣רֶץ הַ⁠הִ֔וא 1 “in that area/region,” or “there,”
35:22 oswk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַ⁠יֵּ֣לֶךְ רְאוּבֵ֔ן וַ⁠יִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת 1 “{his/Israel’s son} Reuben slept with” or “{his/Israel’s son} Reuben committed adultery with” or “{his/Israel’s son} Reuben had {physical/sexual} relations with”. Translate this idiom in a way that will not offend or embarrass people, especially when read aloud in public. See how you translated “lain with” in Gen 26:10.
35:22 ivkl בִּלְהָה֙ פִּילֶ֣גֶשׁ אָבִ֔י⁠ו 1 “his father’s concubine Bilhah,” or “his father’s servant wife Bilhah,”
35:22 ivkl בִּלְהָה֙ פִּילֶ֣גֶשׁ אָבִ֔י⁠ו 1 “his father’s concubine/servant-wife Bilhah,”
35:22 vn3i וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 “and/but Israel found out {about it}.” or “and Israel was told/informed {by someone} {about it}.” See how you translated “heard” in Gen 34:5, 7.
35:22 d6jc וַ⁠יִּֽהְי֥וּ בְנֵֽי יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר 1 “{After Benjamin was born,} Jacob’s sons were twelve {in number}.” or “{With/After the birth of Benjamin,} Jacob {now} had {a total of} twelve sons.”
35:23 fjpl בְּנֵ֣י לֵאָ֔ה 1 “The sons {he had} with {his wife} Leah {were}” or “{These are} {the names of} the sons {he had} with {his wife} Leah:” Throughout verses 23-26, many translations have a colon (:) instead of “{were}”. Do what is best in your language. See what you did in chapter 10.
@ -4598,10 +4597,10 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
35:29 ei54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַ⁠יִּגְוַ֨ע יִצְחָ֤ק וַ⁠יָּ֨מָת֙ 1 “Then Isaac/he breathed out {for the last time} and died,” or “Then he breathed/took his last/final breath and died,” See how you translated “exhaled” in Gen 25:8 and 17.
35:29 e7q5 וַ⁠יֵּאָ֣סֶף אֶל 1 “and he was gathered/taken {by God} to be with” or “and {God} took his spirit to be with” or “and he joined”. See how you translated this phrase in Gen 25:8 and 17.
35:29 hm56 עַמָּ֔י⁠ו 1 “his ancestors/relatives {who had already died}.” or “his ancestors/relatives {who had gone/died before him}.” or “his {deceased} ancestors/relatives.”
35:29 csuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure זָקֵ֖ן וּ⁠שְׂבַ֣ע יָמִ֑ים 1 “after living a long, full life.” or “{He was} very old and had lived a long, full life.” For some languages it is more natural to put this phrase earlier in this sentence and say, “Then, after living a long, full life, he breathed/took his {last} breath, died and joined his ancestors/relatives {who had died before him}.” Do what is best in your language.
35:29 csuc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure זָקֵ֖ן וּ⁠שְׂבַ֣ע יָמִ֑ים 1 “after living a long, full life.” or “{He was} very old and had lived a long, full life.” For some languages it is more natural to put this phrase earlier in this sentence and say, “Then, after living a long, full life, he breathed/took his last breath, died and joined his ancestors/relatives {who had died before him}.” Do what is best in your language.
35:29 wmi4 וַ⁠יִּקְבְּר֣וּ אֹת֔⁠וֹ עֵשָׂ֥ו וְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֖ב בָּנָֽי⁠ו 1 “Then his sons Esau and Jacob buried his body.” See how you translated “his sons … buried him” in Gen 25:9.
36:1 mor4 וְ⁠אֵ֛לֶּה תֹּלְד֥וֹת עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 “Now this is the genealogy/family-line of Esau,” or “These/Here are the descendants of Esau,” or “Here {is} the/a record/history about the descendants/family of Esau,” See how you translated “the generations of” in 25:12, 19.
36:1 r16h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ה֥וּא אֱדֽוֹם 1 “who {was also called} Edom.” or “that is, Edom.” or “whose {name} was {also} Edom.” The name Edom means “red” and is the nickname that Esau got for trading his birthright to Jacob for some reddish-colored stew (Genesis~25:29-34). The region of Edom and the Edomites were named after Esau, which is probably why this chapter repeatedly mentions that Esau is Edom.
36:1 r16h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ה֥וּא אֱדֽוֹם 1 “who {was also called} Edom.” or “that is, Edom.” or “whose {name} was {also} Edom.” The name Edom means “red” and is the nickname that Esau got for trading his birthright to Jacob for some reddish-colored stew (Genesis 25:29-34). The region of Edom and the Edomites were named after Esau, which is probably why this chapter repeatedly mentions that Esau is Edom.
36:2 guw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֵשָׂ֛ו לָקַ֥ח אֶת נָשָׁ֖י⁠ו מִ⁠בְּנ֣וֹת כְּנָ֑עַן 1 “Esau had chosen {two of his} wives from {among} the Canaanite women:” or “Esau had married {two} Canaanite women” or “Esau had married {two} women who were descendants of Canaan”. Only the first two wives mentioned in this chapter were Canaanites; see the comment about Basemath at verse 3. The Canaanites were the descendants of Noah’s grandson Canaan (Ham’s son) and included the Hittites and Hivites (verse 2; Genesis 10:15-18) and several other people groups. You could put some of that information in a footnote.
36:2 ox2j אֶת עָדָ֗ה 1 “{whose names were} Adah,” or “{Their names were} Adah,” Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
36:2 fkwx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בַּת אֵילוֹן֙ הַֽ⁠חִתִּ֔י 1 “{who was} the daughter of a Hittite {man} named Elon,” or “whose father was Elon, {who was} a descendant of Heth,” or “the daughter of {a man named} Elon, {who was} a member of the Heth/Hittite people {group},” Make sure your translation does not sound like Elon was the only Hittite. See how you translated “Hittites” in Gen 27:46.
@ -4636,7 +4635,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
36:10 ki4y רְעוּאֵ֕ל בֶּן בָּשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו 1 “and Reuel, {who was} the son of his wife Basemath.” or “and Reuel, whom he/Esau had with his wife Basemath.” See how you spelled “Basemath” and “Reuel” in verse 4.
36:11 hfga וַ⁠יִּהְי֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י אֱלִיפָ֑ז 1 “The sons of Eliphaz {and his wife} were” or “Eliphaz {and his wife} had sons {they named}”
36:11 w1m8 תֵּימָ֣ן אוֹמָ֔ר צְפ֥וֹ וְ⁠גַעְתָּ֖ם וּ⁠קְנַֽז 1 “Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.”
36:12 h320 וְ⁠תִמְנַ֣ע הָיְתָ֣ה פִילֶ֗גֶשׁ לֶֽ⁠אֱלִיפַז֙ בֶּן עֵשָׂ֔ו וַ⁠תֵּ֥לֶד לֶ⁠אֱלִיפַ֖ז אֶת עֲמָלֵ֑ק 1 “Eliphaz {also} had a servant wife {named} Timna, and she had {a son} with him {named} Amalek.” or “Eliphaz and his servant wife Timna had {a son they named} Amalek.” See how you translated “concubine” in Gen 22:24, 25:6; 35:22.
36:12 h320 וְ⁠תִמְנַ֣ע הָיְתָ֣ה פִילֶ֗גֶשׁ לֶֽ⁠אֱלִיפַז֙ בֶּן עֵשָׂ֔ו וַ⁠תֵּ֥לֶד לֶ⁠אֱלִיפַ֖ז אֶת עֲמָלֵ֑ק 1 “Eliphaz {also} had a concubine/servant-wife {named} Timna, and she had {a son} with him {named} Amalek.” or “Eliphaz and his concubine/servant-wife Timna had {a son they named} Amalek.” See how you translated “concubine” in Gen 22:24, 25:6; 35:22.
36:12 e8n9 אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י 1 “{All} those {sons of Eliphaz} {were} grandsons of” or “Eliphaz’s sons {were} {all} grandsons of”
36:12 i5ld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָדָ֖ה אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו 1 “Esau’s wife Adah.” or “{Esau and} his wife Adah.” Make sure it is clear in your translation that Adah’s grandsons were also Esau’s grandsons.
36:13 kpue וְ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְעוּאֵ֔ל 1 “{The names of} Reuel’s sons {were}” or “The sons of Reuel were named” or “Reuel {and his wife} had these sons:”
@ -4668,17 +4667,17 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
36:21 y7mp וְ⁠דִשׁ֥וֹן וְ⁠אֵ֖צֶר וְ⁠דִישָׁ֑ן 1 “Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan.”
36:21 jmpu אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֧י הַ⁠חֹרִ֛י בְּנֵ֥י שֵׂעִ֖יר 1 “Those descendants of Seir {were/became} the chiefs of/over the Horites” or “They were the descendants of Seir who became clan/tribal leaders for the Horites”. See how you translated the names of people groups in verses 2.
36:21 oacg בְּ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם 1 “{who were living} in the land/region of Edom.”
36:22 mt6k וַ⁠יִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵי לוֹטָ֖ן חֹרִ֣י וְ⁠הֵימָ֑ם 1 “Lotan’s sons were Hori and Heman” or “{The names of} Lotan’s sons were Hori and Hemam”. Some translations spell the name “Hemam” as “Heman” or “Homam”. You could use any of these spellings in your translation.
36:22 exa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship וַ⁠אֲח֥וֹת לוֹטָ֖ן תִּמְנָֽע 1 “and {the name of} his sister {was} Timna.” or “Lotan’s sister {was} Timna.” or “Lotan was also Timna’s brother.” Timna became a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz (verse 12). This genealogy (verses 20-22) also shows that she was the daughter of Chief Seir (since her brother Lotan was the son of Chief Seir). You could put some of that information in a footnote. Also, according to Jewish history outside the Bible, Timna was Lotan’s younger sister. If your language has a special term for “younger sister” or “older brother” you could use one of those here.
36:22 mt6k וַ⁠יִּהְי֥וּ בְנֵי לוֹטָ֖ן חֹרִ֣י וְ⁠הֵימָ֑ם 1 “Lotan’s sons were Hori and Heman” or “{The names of} Lotan’s sons were Hori and Hemam”. Some translations spell the name “Hemam” as “Heman” or “Homam.” You could use any of these spellings in your translation.
36:22 exa7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship וַ⁠אֲח֥וֹת לוֹטָ֖ן תִּמְנָֽע 1 “and {the name of} his sister {was} Timna.” or “Lotan’s sister {was} Timna.” or “Lotan was also Timna’s brother.” Timna became a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz (verse 12). This genealogy (verses 20-22) also shows that she was the daughter of Chief Seir (since her brother Lotan was the son of Chief Seir). You could put some of that information in a footnote. Also, according to Jewish history outside the Bible, Timna was Lotan’s younger sister. If your language has a special term for “younger sister” or “older brother,” you could use one of those here.
36:23 xxnd וְ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י שׁוֹבָ֔ל 1 “These {were} Shobal’s sons:” or “Shobal’s sons {were}” or “{The names of} Shobal’s sons {were}”
36:23 dq1q עַלְוָ֥ן וּ⁠מָנַ֖חַת וְ⁠עֵיבָ֑ל שְׁפ֖וֹ וְ⁠אוֹנָֽם 1 “Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.”
36:24 a7id וְ⁠אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי צִבְע֖וֹן וְ⁠אַיָּ֣ה וַ⁠עֲנָ֑ה 1 “{The names of} Zibeon’s sons {were} Aiah and Anah.”
36:24 n2x1 ה֣וּא עֲנָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָצָ֤א 1 “He/This {is} {the same} Anah who found/discovered” or “Anah {is} the one who found/discovered”
36:24 zp5r אֶת הַ⁠יֵּמִם֙ 1 “{some} hot springs” or “springs/water”. The term used here in the Hebrew text occurs only once in the Bible and its meaning is not certain. Most translations have either “hot springs” or “water”.
36:24 zp5r אֶת הַ⁠יֵּמִם֙ 1 “{some} hot springs” or “springs/water”. The term used here in the Hebrew text occurs only once in the Bible and its meaning is not certain. Most translations have either “hot springs” or “water.”
36:24 my7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר בִּ⁠רְעֹת֥⁠וֹ אֶת הַ⁠חֲמֹרִ֖ים לְ⁠צִבְע֥וֹן אָבִֽי⁠ו 1 “while/when he was {out} in the wilderness/desert grazing his father’s donkeys.” or “when/while he was pasturing/grazing his father’s donkeys out in the wilderness/desert.” See how you translated “pasture” in Gen 29:7.
36:25 pxgy וְ⁠אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי עֲנָ֖ה דִּשֹׁ֑ן וְ⁠אָהֳלִיבָמָ֖ה בַּת עֲנָֽה 1 “Anah’s children {were} {his son} Dishon and his daughter Oholibamah.”
36:26 tnsr וְ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י דִישָׁ֑ן 1 “These {were} Dishon’s sons:” or “Dishon’s sons {were}” or “{The names of} Dishon’s sons were”
36:26 bdm5 חֶמְדָּ֥ן וְ⁠אֶשְׁבָּ֖ן וְ⁠יִתְרָ֥ן וּ⁠כְרָֽן 1 “Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Keran.” The Hebrew name “Keran” can also be spelled “Cheran”. Each of these spellings is found in many translations. Be consistent here with how you spelled “Dishon” in verse 21.
36:26 bdm5 חֶמְדָּ֥ן וְ⁠אֶשְׁבָּ֖ן וְ⁠יִתְרָ֥ן וּ⁠כְרָֽן 1 “Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Keran.” The Hebrew name “Keran” can also be spelled “Cheran.” Each of these spellings is found in many translations. Be consistent here with how you spelled “Dishon” in verse 21.
36:27 im1i אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵי אֵ֑צֶר בִּלְהָ֥ן וְ⁠זַעֲוָ֖ן וַ⁠עֲקָֽן 1 “{The names of} Ezer’s sons {were} Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan.” Be consistent here with how you spelled “Ezer” in verses 20-21.
36:28 rvdm אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי דִישָׁ֖ן ע֥וּץ וַ⁠אֲרָֽן 1 “Dishan’s sons {were} Uz and Aran.”
36:29 afna אֵ֖לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֣י הַ⁠חֹרִ֑י 1 “The chiefs/leaders of/over the Horite clans/tribes {were}” or “The Horites who became chiefs {were}”
@ -4694,7 +4693,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
36:33 q9ln וַ⁠יָּ֖מָת בָּ֑לַע 1 “When {King} Bela died,”
36:33 yfl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔י⁠ו יוֹבָ֥ב בֶּן זֶ֖רַח מִ⁠בָּצְרָֽה 1 “Jobab, {who was} the son of Zerah from {the city of} Bozrah, took his/Bela’s place as king.” or “Jobab, {who was} the son of Zerah, replaced/succeeded him/Bela as king {and ruled} from {his hometown of} Bozrah.” The phrase “from Bozrah” probably means this was Jobab’s hometown which he ruled from, much like the meaning of “his city” in verses 32, 35 and 39.
36:34 a7kc וַ⁠יָּ֖מָת יוֹבָ֑ב 1 “When {King} Jobab died,”
36:34 e0l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔י⁠ו חֻשָׁ֖ם מֵ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ הַ⁠תֵּימָנִֽי 1 “Husham, {who was} from the land/region of the Teman/Temanite people {group}, took his/Jobab’s place as king.” or “Husham replaced/succeeded him/Jobab as king {and reigned/ruled} from {his hometown which was in} the land/region where the Temanites lived.” King Husham may have been a descendant of Esau’s grandson Teman (verse 11). You could put that information in a footnote. Also compare how you translated verse 33.
36:34 e0l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔י⁠ו חֻשָׁ֖ם מֵ⁠אֶ֥רֶץ הַ⁠תֵּימָנִֽי 1 “Husham, {who was} from the land/region of the Teman/Temanite people {group}, took his/Jobab’s place as king.” or “Husham replaced/succeeded him/Jobab as king {and reigned/ruled} from {his hometown, which was in} the land/region where the Temanites lived.” King Husham may have been a descendant of Esau’s grandson Teman (verse 11). You could put that information in a footnote. Also compare how you translated verse 33.
36:35 dhzc וַ⁠יָּ֖מָת חֻשָׁ֑ם 1 “When {King} Husham died,”
36:35 kn7g הֲדַ֣ד בֶּן בְּדַ֗ד 1 “Hadad, {who was} the son of Bedad,”
36:35 obr8 וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֨ךְ תַּחְתָּ֜י⁠ו 1 “took his/Husham’s place as king.” or “replaced/succeeded him/Husham as king.”
@ -4706,7 +4705,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
36:37 mcp5 וַ⁠יָּ֖מָת שַׂמְלָ֑ה 1 “When {King} Samlah died,”
36:37 cre0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔י⁠ו שָׁא֖וּל מֵ⁠רְחֹב֥וֹת הַ⁠נָּהָֽר 1 “Shaul {who was} from {the city of} Rehoboth {on/beside} the River {Euphrates} took his/Samlah’s place as king.” or “Shaul replaced/succeeded him/Samlah as king {and ruled} from {his hometown of} Rehoboth, which was {beside} the {Euphrates} River.” See how you translated similar sentences in verses 33, 34 and 36.
36:38 f6jn וַ⁠יָּ֖מָת שָׁא֑וּל וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֣ךְ תַּחְתָּ֔י⁠ו בַּ֥עַל חָנָ֖ן בֶּן־עַכְבּֽוֹר 1 “When {King} Shaul died, Baal-Hanan, {who was} the son of Acbor, took his place as king.” or “… replaced/succeeded him as king.”
36:39 crdu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠יָּמָת֮ בַּ֣עַל חָנָ֣ן בֶּן עַכְבּוֹר֒ וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֤ךְ & הֲדַ֔ר 1 “When {King} Baal-Hanan died, Hadar”. Most translations follow the Hebrew text and have “Hadar” here. Some translations (and ancient versions such as SP, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate) have “Hadad” here instead, in order to spell this name the same way it is spelled in 1 Chronicles 1:50-51. However, that could cause confusion because “Hadad” is also the name of a different king in verses 35-36 above.
36:39 crdu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַ⁠יָּמָת֮ בַּ֣עַל חָנָ֣ן בֶּן עַכְבּוֹר֒ וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֤ךְ & הֲדַ֔ר 1 “When {King} Baal-Hanan died, Hadar”. Most translations follow the Hebrew text and have “Hadar” here. Some translations (and ancient versions such as SP, LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate) have “Hadad” here instead, in order to spell this name the same way it is spelled in 1 Chronicles 1:50-51. However, that could cause confusion, because “Hadad” is also the name of a different king in verses 35-36 above.
36:39 aq30 וַ⁠יִּמְלֹ֤ךְ תַּחְתָּי⁠ו֙ 1 “took his place as king” or “replaced/succeeded him as king”. Consider again how you translated this phrase in verses 33-39.
36:39 c1u5 וְ⁠שֵׁ֥ם עִיר֖⁠וֹ פָּ֑עוּ 1 “and the name of his hometown {that he ruled from} {was} Pau.” or “His {capital} city {that he ruled from} {was} Pau.” Consider whether it is best in your language to begin a new sentence here. Also see how you translated a similar clause in verses 32 and 35.
36:39 gf8w וְ⁠שֵׁ֨ם אִשְׁתּ֤⁠וֹ מְהֵֽיטַבְאֵל֙ 1 “His wife’s name {was} Mehetabel,”
@ -4734,7 +4733,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
37:3 tws4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 “Now {Jacob, whose other name was} Israel,” or “Israel, {that is, Jacob,}” This verse introduces background information for the events that happen next. Consider what is the best way to begin this sentence in your language. Make sure it is clear in your translation or in a footnote that Jacob (verse 1) and Israel (verse 3) refer to the same person, not two separate people. For a note about this, see Gen 35:10.
37:3 tzuu אָהַ֤ב אֶת יוֹסֵף֙ מִ⁠כָּל בָּנָ֔י⁠ו 1 “loved Joseph more than any of his {other} sons”
37:3 e4ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure כִּֽי בֶן זְקֻנִ֥ים ה֖וּא ל֑⁠וֹ 1 “because he/Joseph was born to him when he was old.” For some languages it is more natural to put this clause first in this verse and say, “Now Joseph was born to Israel when he was old, so he/Israel loved him more than all {the rest} of his sons.” Do what is best in your language.
37:3 ruov rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠עָ֥שָׂה ל֖⁠וֹ כְּתֹ֥נֶת פַּסִּֽים 1 “So he/Israel/Jacob made a {special/beautiful} tunic/robe for him/Joseph that had many colors.” or “So he/Israel/Jacob made a {special} colorful tunic/robe for him/Joseph.” The meaning of the Hebrew text is not certain here. Many translations (including the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate) say that the tunic or robe was “multicolored” or “colorful”. This “tunic” was probably full-length to the ankles and had long sleeves that reached to the hands.
37:3 ruov rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠עָ֥שָׂה ל֖⁠וֹ כְּתֹ֥נֶת פַּסִּֽים 1 “So he/Israel/Jacob made a {special/beautiful} tunic/robe for him/Joseph that had many colors.” or “So he/Israel/Jacob made a {special} colorful tunic/robe for him/Joseph.” The meaning of the Hebrew text is not certain here. Many translations (including the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate) say that the tunic or robe was “multicolored” or “colorful.” This “tunic” was probably full-length to the ankles and had long sleeves that reached to the hands.
37:4 j9s1 וַ⁠יִּרְא֣וּ אֶחָ֗י⁠ו כִּֽי אֹת֞⁠וֹ אָהַ֤ב אֲבִי⁠הֶם֙ מִ⁠כָּל אֶחָ֔י⁠ו 1 “Joseph’s brothers saw/realized that their father loved him/Joseph more than any of {the rest of} his sons, so” or “When Joseph’s brothers saw/realized that their father loved him/Joseph more than the rest of them,”
37:4 gxph rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַֽ⁠יִּשְׂנְא֖וּ אֹת֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹ֥א יָכְל֖וּ דַּבְּר֥⁠וֹ לְ⁠שָׁלֹֽם 1 “they hated/despised him/Joseph so much that they could/would not speak/talk to him kindly/nicely.” or “… they refused to speak/talk to him in a friendly/kind manner/way.” or “… they always spoke unkindly/disrespectfully to him.” Make sure it is clear here in your translation that the brothers hated Joseph, not their father.
37:5 nqa3 וַ⁠יַּחֲלֹ֤ם יוֹסֵף֙ חֲל֔וֹם 1 “Then {one night} Joseph had a dream” or “{One night} Joseph had a dream”
@ -4752,7 +4751,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
37:7 ugk0 תְסֻבֶּ֨ינָה֙ 1 “gathered/stood around {my sheaf/bundle}” or “stood in a circle around {my sheaf/bundle}”
37:7 kbp0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וַ⁠תִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖יןָ לַ⁠אֲלֻמָּתִֽ⁠י 1 “and bowed down {to the ground} to/before my sheaf/bundle {to show respect/submission}.” or “and bowed {respectfully} to my sheaf/bundle.” or “and bowed down in front of it {in respect}.”
37:8 erk9 וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמְרוּ ל⁠וֹ֙ אֶחָ֔י⁠ו 1 “His brothers responded to him,” or “His brothers retorted {angrily},”
37:8 l93b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠מָלֹ֤ךְ תִּמְלֹךְ֙ 1 “Do you really expect to” or “Certainly you don’t think you will” or “You will never”. The brothers use two rhetorical questions in this verse to express their disagreement with Joseph and to emphasize that they are not happy with him. Do what is best in your language.
37:8 l93b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠מָלֹ֤ךְ 1 “Do you really expect to” or “Certainly you don’t think you will” or “You will never”. The brothers use two rhetorical questions in this verse to express their disagreement with Joseph and to emphasize that they are not happy with him. Do what is best in your language.
37:8 r10j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive תִּמְלֹךְ֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 “reign over us!” or “be our king!” For languages that mark inclusive and exclusive pronouns, “us” excludes Joseph in this sentence.
37:8 dtki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם מָשׁ֥וֹל תִּמְשֹׁ֖ל בָּ֑⁠נוּ 1 “You will never rule over us!”
37:8 xn5l וַ⁠יּוֹסִ֤פוּ עוֹד֙ שְׂנֹ֣א אֹת֔⁠וֹ 1 “So they hated/despised him even more {strongly/intensely} {than they did before}”. Consider again how you translated “hate” in the book of Genesis. See Gen 24:60; 26:27; 29:31, 33; 37:4-5, 8. It may be necessary to translate this term in different ways, depending on the context.
@ -4775,7 +4774,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
37:12 wp1m וַ⁠יֵּלְכ֖וּ אֶחָ֑י⁠ו לִ⁠רְע֛וֹת אֶׄתׄ־צֹ֥אן אֲבִי⁠הֶ֖ם 1 “Sometime after that, his/Joseph’s brothers took their father’s flock{s} {of sheep and goats} to graze {in the fields}” or “One time/day, his/Joseph’s brothers …”
37:12 vlrw בִּ⁠שְׁכֶֽם 1 “near {the city of} Shechem.” Be consistent here with how you spelled “Shechem” in Gen 35:4.
37:13 vl3c וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל יוֹסֵ֗ף 1 “Then/So {one day} Israel said to Joseph,”
37:13 upf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא אַחֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ רֹעִ֣ים 1 “As you know, your brothers are pasturing/tending {our flocks/animals}”. Jacob uses a rhetorical question to remind Joseph of something he already knows and to introduce what he wants Joseph to do. Decide the best way to communicate this in your language.
37:13 upf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא אַחֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ רֹעִ֣ים 1 “As you know, your brothers are pasturing/tending {our flocks/animals}”. Israel uses a rhetorical question to remind Joseph of something he already knows and to introduce what he wants Joseph to do. Decide the best way to communicate this in your language.
37:13 vka6 בִּ⁠שְׁכֶ֔ם 1 “near {the city of} Shechem.” See how you translated this phrase in verse 12.
37:13 eynd לְכָ֖⁠ה וְ⁠אֶשְׁלָחֲ⁠ךָ֣ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 “Get ready so that I can send you to them.”
37:13 o27h וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖⁠וֹ 1 “He/Joseph responded,” or “He/Joseph answered him,”
@ -6096,7 +6095,7 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
46:29 vp4d וַ⁠יֵּ֥בְךְּ עַל צַוָּארָ֖י⁠ו עֽוֹד 1 “and cried {for joy} on his shoulder {for} a long time.”
46:30 ddlj וַ⁠יֹּ֧אמֶר יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל יוֹסֵ֖ף 1 “Then Israel exclaimed to Joseph/him,”
46:30 cub6 אָמ֣וּתָה הַ⁠פָּ֑עַם 1 “Now I can/will die {happy},” or “Now when I die {I will be at peace},” Jacob did not die until 17 years later (Genesis 47:28). Make sure your translation of this clause does not mean or imply that Jacob wanted to die soon or that he thought he would die soon.
46:30 rb7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אַחֲרֵי֙ רְאוֹתִ֣⁠י אֶת פָּנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 “since/because I have seen you face-to-face” or “since/because I have seen you in person”. In this context, “your face” refers to Joseph, not just his face. Decide what is the best way to communicate that in your language.
46:30 rb7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אַחֲרֵי֙ רְאוֹתִ֣⁠י אֶת פָּנֶ֔י⁠ךָ 1 “since/because I have seen you face to face” or “since/because I have seen you in person”. In this context, “your face” refers to Joseph, not just his face. Decide what is the best way to communicate that in your language.
46:30 nhsm כִּ֥י עוֹדְ⁠ךָ֖ חָֽי 1 “{and know} that you {are} still alive!”
46:31 z0ih וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶל אֶחָי⁠ו֙ 1 “Then Joseph announced to his brothers” or “Then Joseph told his brothers”
46:31 vudr וְ⁠אֶל בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔י⁠ו 1 “and {the rest of} his father’s household/family,”

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