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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
1:3 zfn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּ⁠עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **eleventh** month of the Hebrew calendar includes January on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may wish instead to give just the number of the day and the name of the Hebrew month in the text of your translation and indicate in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.
1:3 c54r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֣י 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, the author is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the children of”
1:3 e9a7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
1:4 xfh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַכֹּת֗⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat Sihon and Og under Moses' leadership. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat”
1:4 xfh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַכֹּת֗⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat Sihon and Og under Moses' command. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat”
1:4 fivx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַכֹּת֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **he** refers back to Moses in verse 3. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Moses defeated”
1:4 mpn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The words **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** are the names of cities.
1:4 e5t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The implication is that King Og ruled over both **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei**. **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** were cities that were close to each other. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in Ashtaroth and in Edrei”
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
1:12 l36d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶשָּׂ֖א לְ⁠בַדִּ֑⁠י טָרְחֲ⁠כֶ֥ם וּ⁠מַֽשַּׂאֲ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here Moses speaks of the people’s problems and complaints that he needed to solve as if they were heavy physical **loads** and **burdens** that he needed to **carry**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will I make a decision by myself for your issues and your concerns”
1:12 xa3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet טָרְחֲ⁠כֶ֥ם וּ⁠מַֽשַּׂאֲ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 The terms **loads** and **burdens** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your heavy loads”
1:13 q6g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲכָמִ֧ים וּ⁠נְבֹנִ֛ים 1 The terms **wise** and **understanding** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very wise”
1:13 ue4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִ⁠ידֻעִ֖ים 1 Here, **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable”
1:13 ue4a waiting rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִ⁠ידֻעִ֖ים 1 Here, **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable”
1:13 eea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠רָאשֵׁי⁠כֶֽם 1 Here **heads** means “leaders.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as leaders”
1:15 zzio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רָאשֵׁ֣י & רָאשִׁ֖ים 1 Here **heads** means “leaders.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leaders of … as leaders”
1:15 u5jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִֽ⁠ידֻעִ֔ים 1 Here **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable”
@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
1:35 n9j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִישׁ֙ בָּ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 Although the words **man** and **men** are masculine, Yahweh is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one person of these people of”
1:35 l5ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole יִרְאֶ֥ה 1 Yahweh says **see** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that the rebellious Israelites will not be able to enter and live in the land that Yahweh promised them. They will not even get close enough to see it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “shall live in”
1:36 ai2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יְפֻנֶּה֙ 1 The word **Jephunneh** is the name of Caleb's father.
1:36 p6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 Yahweh uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Yahweh is allowing Caleb but not Moses or the rebellious Israelites to enter the land. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “only he shall see it”
1:36 z43i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 Here **see** means “approach in order to possess.” If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he himself shall go into it”
1:36 p6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 For emphasis, Yahweh is stating the pronoun **he**, whose meaning is already included in the verb translated as **see**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed shall see it”
1:36 z43i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔⁠נָּה 1 Here **see** means “enter and experience.” If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he himself shall go into it”
1:36 s7rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֽ⁠וֹ־אֶתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דָּֽרַךְ־בָּ֖⁠הּ וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָ֑י⁠ו יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the last phrase to the beginning, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the beginning of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “He is wholly after Yahweh, so to him I will give the land that he has stepped on, and to his sons”
1:36 hwf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to his offspring”
1:36 namd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The implication is that Caleb follows **after Yahweh** and obeys him completely. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “he wholly obeys Yahweh’”
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
1:45 w3kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֥א הֶאֱזִ֖ין 1 Here, **give ear** is a figure of speech that means “listen.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he did not lend his ear” or “and he did not pay attention”
1:45 tvc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ בְּ⁠קֹ֣לְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹ֥א הֶאֱזִ֖ין אֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh did not listen to your voice, nor did he give ear to you”
1:46 fnvl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים כַּ⁠יָּמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּֽם 1 The expression **according to the days that you stayed {there}** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “many days.”
2:intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter continues Moses’ first speech from the previous chapter.\n\n- vv. 1-11: Moses recounts the Israelites’ journey from the wilderness to the land of the Edomites, Moabites, and Ammonites\n- vv. 24-37: Moses recounts how Yahweh allowed the Israelites to defeat King Sihon\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### God knows everything, sees everything, and is everywhere\nAs God, Yahweh knows everything past, present, and future. And, as God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. In verse 7, Moses explains that Yahweh was with the Israelites in a special way.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Quotes in quotes\nIn this chapter, Moses gives a speech and quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format this passage so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### Pronouns\nIn this chapter, the second person pronoun “you” is plural unless otherwise noted. Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites at Horeb, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### Moses represents the Israelites\nThe singular pronoun “you” occurs when Yahweh speaks directly to Moses. The Israelites requested that Moses speak to Yahweh on their behalf because the Israelites fear Yahweh and do not want to speak directly to him. Moses acts as a representative on behalf of all the Israelites. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could clarify that Yahweh wants Moses to tell the Israelites everything that Yahweh says.\n
2:intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter continues Moses’ first speech from the previous chapter.\n\n- vv. 1-11: Moses recounts the Israelites’ journey from the wilderness to the land of the Edomites, Moabites, and Ammonites\n- vv. 24-37: Moses recounts how Yahweh allowed the Israelites to defeat King Sihon\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### God knows everything, sees everything, and is everywhere\nAs God, Yahweh knows everything past, present, and future. And, as God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. In verse 7, Moses explains that Yahweh was with the Israelites in a special way.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Quotes in quotes\nIn this chapter, Moses gives a speech and quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format this passage so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### Pronouns\nIn this chapter, the second person pronoun “you” is plural unless otherwise noted. Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites at Horeb, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### Moses represents the Israelites\nThe singular pronoun “you” occurs when Yahweh speaks directly to Moses. The Israelites requested that Moses speak to Yahweh on their behalf because the Israelites fear Yahweh and do not want to speak directly to him. Moses acts as a representative on behalf of all the Israelites. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could clarify that Yahweh wants Moses to tell the Israelites everything that Yahweh says.\n\n### Raphaites\nVerses 11 and 20 refer to a group of people called the Raphaites. The term “Raphaites” is a variation of the term “Rephaites” or “Rephaim.” These terms all refer to the Rapha people group. Use a form in your language that is a natural way to refer to a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:1 ys5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠נֵּ֜פֶן 1 The implication is that the Israelites **turned** around and went back the way they came. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we turned around” or "And we turned back"\n""\n\n
2:1 b9af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים 1 Here, the phrase **many days** means “a long time.” [Numbers 14:33-34](../num/14/33.md) tells us that the Israelites wandered in the desert for 40 years. Many of those 40 years were spent around Mount Seir. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a very long time”
2:2 l1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵ⁠אמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
2:19 skvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖⁠ם וְ⁠אַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר בָּ֑⁠ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “You shall not trouble them, indeed, you shall not fight them”
2:19 iice rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵ⁠אֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְ⁠ךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִ⁠בְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥י⁠הָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “I have given the land to the sons of Lot as a possession, so I will not give to you from it as a possession”
2:19 ra5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵ⁠אֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְ⁠ךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִ⁠בְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥י⁠הָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 The expression to **give** someone's **land** as **a possession** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “I will not give to you from the land of the sons of Ammon, because I have given it to the sons of Lot”
2:20 n15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶֽרֶץ־רְפָאִ֥ים תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב אַף־הִ֑וא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Also, people refer to it as a land of the Rephaim”
2:20 n15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶֽרֶץ־רְפָאִ֥ים תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב אַף־הִ֑וא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Also, people refer to it as a land of the Raphaites”
2:20 p2rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִ֥ים & רְפָאִ֤ים & זַמְזֻמִּֽים 1 The words **Raphaites** and **Zamzummites** are names for the same people group. See how you translated **Raphaites** in [2:11](../02/11.md).
2:20-23 s8bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 These verses provide background information about people groups who lived in the area that the Ammonites, Edomites, and Caphtorim occupied. This information helps readers understand what happens next in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
2:21 sq14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יַּשְׁמִידֵ֤⁠ם יְהוָה֙ מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠הֶ֔ם וַ⁠יִּירָשֻׁ֖⁠ם וַ⁠יֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּֽ⁠ם 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to the Raphaites. The pronoun **their** in the first clause refers to the Ammonites. The pronoun **their** in the second clause refers to the Raphaites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the names of the people groups. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh destroyed the Raphaites before the Ammonites’ faces, and the Ammonites dispossessed the Raphaites and lived in their place”
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
2:28 n54c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative אֹ֣כֶל בַּ⁠כֶּ֤סֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֛יִם בַּ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף תִּתֶּן־לִ֖⁠י וְ⁠שָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 Moses is assuring Sihon that the Israelites will not trouble Sihon and his people by stealing from them. Instead, they will pay for everything they need. Moses is communicating a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please sell me food for money, and I will eat. And please give to me water for money, and I will drink.”
2:28 brfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֹ֣כֶל בַּ⁠כֶּ֤סֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּ⁠מַ֛יִם בַּ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף תִּתֶּן־לִ֖⁠י וְ⁠שָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 This verse contains expressions with extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “You will sell me food and water”
2:28 jp21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠אָכַ֔לְתִּי & לִ֖⁠י וְ⁠שָׁתִ֑יתִי & אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְ⁠רַגְלָֽ⁠י 1 Moses is speaking on behalf of all the Israelites, so he uses the singular pronouns **me**, **I**, and **my** here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural pronouns or clarify to whom the pronouns refer. Alternate translation: “You will sell me and the Israelites … and we will eat … to us … and we will drink … let us pass through on our feet”
2:28 oogz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְ⁠רַגְלָֽ⁠י 1 The implication is that the Israelites will **pass through** the land peacefully by walking across it. They will not harass or attack the people living in the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “let me pass through peacefully on my feet”
2:28 oogz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְ⁠רַגְלָֽ⁠י 1 The implication is that the Israelites will **pass through** the land peacefully by walking across it. They will not harass or attack the people living in the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “please allow me to travel through your land and we will not disturb you”
2:28 twx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְ⁠רַגְלָֽ⁠י 1 Here, **on my feet** is an idiom that means “traveling by walking.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by walking”
2:29 tlpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִ֜⁠י & אֶֽעֱבֹר֙ 1 Here, the singular pronouns **me** and **I** refer to Moses. Moses is speaking to Yahweh because Moses is the leader of the Israelites, but these phrases apply to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “for us … we pass over”
2:29 k54p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of”
@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
3:16 c3df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the border** around the land that is occupied by the **sons of Ammon** of the Israelites. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the border of the land occupied by the sons of Ammon”
3:16 nkm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of”
3:17 y51g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִ⁠כִּנֶּ֗רֶת 1 The word **Kinnereth** is the name of a large fresh-water lake that is also called “the Sea of Galilee.”
3:17 xce7 תַּ֛חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת 1 Alternate translation: “at the foot of” or “at the base of”
3:17 xce7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּ֛חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת 1 Alternate translation: “at the foot of” or “at the base of”
3:17 w6xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ⁠פִּסְגָּ֖ה 1 The word **Pisgah** is the name of a mountain.
3:18 i7wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וָ⁠אֲצַ֣ו אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם בָּ⁠עֵ֥ת הַ⁠הִ֖וא לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. Alternate translation: “And I commanded you at that time” or "And at that time I commanded you"\n\n
3:18 i1zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם & אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֗ם & לָ⁠כֶ֜ם & אֲחֵי⁠כֶ֥ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** refer to the people of the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the names of the tribes here. Alternate translation: “you three tribes … your God … to you tribesmen … the other tribesmen”
@ -426,14 +426,13 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
4:1 x82m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠כֶֽם 1 Here Moses could be using the present tense: (1) to refer to something that has already happened. Alternate translation: “gave to you” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “is about to give to you”
4:2 ft3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הַ⁠דָּבָר֙ 1 Here, **word** represents all of the words of the law that Yahweh spoke to Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the statutes” or "the words of the law"
4:2 r77u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **commandments** that come from **Yahweh**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the commandments given by Yahweh”
4:3 u7gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵֽינֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Moses is using **eyes** to represent all of a person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All of you”
4:3 u7gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵֽינֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Moses is using **eyes** to represent all of a person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You yourselves”
4:3 bs2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠בַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר 1 Here, Moses is referring to the events of [Numbers 25:1-9](Num/25/01.md), when Israelite men committed sexual immorality with Moabite women. The women tempted the Israelite men to worship their idol, the **Baal** of **Peor**. As a result, Yahweh punished the Israelites with a plague until Phinehas the priest killed a man who was still committing adultery.
4:3 p9ok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָלַךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י 1 Here, **walked after** means “worshiped.” Moses is speaking of worshiping idols as if people were physically walking behind idols to follow them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “worshiped”
4:3 naji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הִשְׁמִיד֛⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh **destroyed them** by killing them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has killed them”
4:3 yl8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd מִ⁠קִּרְבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites, the pronoun **your** is singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
4:4 x6hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠דְּבֵקִ֔ים בַּ⁠יהוָ֖ה 1 Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were like physically holding on to him as one would hold on to another person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who carefully obeyed Yahweh”
4:5 hs9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֣ה 1 Moses is using the word **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “See”
4:5 wsdh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֻקִּים֙ וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. See how you translated this in [verse 1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “important commandments”
4:5 hs9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֣ה 1 Moses is using the word **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
4:5 bis8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish אֱלֹהָ֑⁠י 1 Here, Moses refers to Yahweh as **my God** in order to emphasize that he himself worships and obeys Yahweh. He does not mean that he is the only one who worships Yahweh. If this would not be clear for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression to describe Moses’ relationship with Yahweh. Alternate translation, adding a comma after Yahweh: “, the God whom I worship,”
4:5 v63r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּאִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ 1 The expression **going into to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “are going into to possess”
4:6 zr9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וּ⁠שְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ וַ⁠עֲשִׂיתֶם֒ 1 The terms **keep** and **do** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “And you shall carefully do them”
@ -451,14 +450,14 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
4:8 g3lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֻקִּ֥ים וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “important rules”
4:8 po9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֹתֵ֥ן 1 Here Moses is speaking of reading the law as if he were physically **giving** it to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “am repeating”
4:8 odq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
4:9 z7zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish רַ֡ק 1 Here Moses is using **Only** to emphasize his commands. He does not mean that the commands are the only commands that the Israelites should obey. If this would not be clear for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression to emphasize commands. Alternate translation: “But make sure of this:” or "Be sure that you"
4:9 z7zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases רַ֡ק 1 Here Moses is using **Only** to emphasize his commands. Use a connector to introduce something important that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: "Be sure that you"
4:9 bfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְ⁠ךָ֩ וּ⁠שְׁמֹ֨ר נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֜ & תִּשְׁכַּ֨ח & עֵינֶ֗י⁠ךָ & מִ⁠לְּבָ֣בְ⁠ךָ֔ & חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠הוֹדַעְתָּ֥⁠ם לְ⁠בָנֶ֖י⁠ךָ & בָנֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you**, **your**, and the command forms are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
4:9 d2dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְ⁠ךָ֩ וּ⁠שְׁמֹ֨ר נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֜ מְאֹ֗ד 1 The terms **guard yourself** and **guard your spirit strongly** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “carefully guard all of yourself”
4:9 i05z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן & וּ⁠פֶן 1 Moses uses the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case … and in case”
4:9 n4sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֜ים 1 The implication is that the Israelites should not forget **the things** that Yahweh did for them, such as the miracles that Yahweh did to help the Israelites in the wilderness. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the miraculous things Yahweh did”
4:9 urlx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵינֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **eyes** represents all of a person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
4:9 yh8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָס֨וּרוּ֙ מִ⁠לְּבָ֣בְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 Here Moses is speaking as if memories physically **retreat** from one's **heart** when one forgets something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you forget them”
4:9 j9jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here **all the days of your life** means “the rest of your life.” If this would not be clear for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for the rest of your life”\n
4:9 j9jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, the word **days** refers to a specific period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the entire duration of your life”
4:9 l723 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠בָנֶ֖י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י בָנֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **sons** means “children.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your children and to the children of your children”
4:9 rqwy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication לְ⁠בָנֶ֖י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י בָנֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, Moses repeats **sons** to emphasize how important it is for the Israelites to teach their children about Yahweh and his commands. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
4:10 i0uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit י֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָמַ֜דְתָּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶי⁠ךָ֮ בְּ⁠חֹרֵב֒ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md) when Yahweh spoke from Mount Sinai from a fire. The Israelite people were afraid of Yahweh and stood far away.
@ -501,20 +500,20 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
4:23 k54j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צִוְּ⁠ךָ֖ 1 Yahweh **commanded** the Israelites not to make idols. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has commanded you not to do”
4:23 q9m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd צִוְּ⁠ךָ֖ & אֱלֹהֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
4:24 fc5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
4:24 z6c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s punishment, when he is angry, as if it were **a devouring fire**. Yahweh will destroy anyone who disobeys him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will destroy people who disobey him as a fire burns everything”\n
4:24 z6c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s response, when he is jealous, as if it were **a devouring fire**. Yahweh will destroy anyone who disobeys him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is a destroyer of people who disobey him just as a fire burns its fuel to ashes”\n
4:25 sw65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תוֹלִ֤יד & אֱלֹהֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
4:25 d5qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָּנִים֙ וּ⁠בְנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים 1 Here, **sons** means “children.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “children, and children of children”
4:25 adae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים 1 The implication is that the living Israelites will bear children, and then those children will bear children. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and they beget sons”
4:25 y9c0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְ⁠הִשְׁחַתֶּ֗ם 1 Moses is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that Yahweh will only become angry and punish the Israelites if the Israelites sin by making an idol. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “and if you act corruptly”
4:25 e3zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הִשְׁחַתֶּ֗ם 1 Here, the term **act corruptly** means "to sin or do wrong." You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you sin” See how you translated these words in [verse 16](../04/16.md).
4:25 v824 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֥י 1 Here, **in the eyes of** is an idiom for a person's opinion or evaluation. Moses speaks as if evaluating something meant physically seeing it with one's **eyes**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the evaluation of”
4:26 ciie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָ⁠כֶ֨ם הַ⁠יּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ 1 The implication is that **the heavens and the earth** will **witness** how the Israelites will sin. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I will make sure the heavens and the earth pay attention to how you sin today”
4:26 ciie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָ⁠כֶ֨ם הַ⁠יּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ 1 The implication is that **the heavens and the earth** will **witness** whether or not the Israelites will disobey Yahweh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I will make the heavens and the earth witness whether you obey or disobey”
4:26 lbi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אֶת־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֗רֶץ 1 Here, Moses is referring to everything that exists in the universe by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. Moses is referring to everything, living and non-living. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the whole universe”
4:26 c910 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּ⁠ן֮ & הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 The words **surely perish** and **completely destroyed** translate verbs that are repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
4:26 r2k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּ⁠ה לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּ֑⁠הּ 1 The expression **the land to which you are going over the Jordan to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the land to which you are going over the Jordan to possess”
4:26 tz2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤⁠ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 The implication is that if the Israelites sin by making idols, then they will leave the land and live somewhere else. Yahweh **will not prolong** the **days** when the Israelites can live on the land. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to live on the land for long”
4:26 eme2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 As indicated in [verse 27](../04/27), not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroyed” is an overgeneralization used to emphasize that many of the Israelites will die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “surely many of you will be destroyed”
4:26 kwik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to die”
4:26 kwik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause your complete destruction”
4:27 yy63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ⁠הֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם בָּ⁠עַמִּ֑ים & יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּ⁠ה 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples … , indeed, Yahweh will drive you there”
4:27 swv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם 1 Moses speaks as if the Israelite people were seeds that Yahweh could **scatter** around a field. Moses means that Yahweh will cause the Israelites to go live in many different places among many different peoples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause you to leave the land and live”
4:27 uka7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְ⁠נִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר 1 The implication is that the population of Israelites in each nation would be very small. If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the phrasing. Alternate translation: “and there will be few of you”
@ -541,7 +540,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
4:32 yss9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you שְׁאַל & לְ⁠פָנֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, the word **your** and the command **ask** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
4:32 pkpy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁאַל 1 Here the word **ask** means “think.” Moses is speaking as if asking questions about something were the same as thinking about it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “consider”
4:32 c553 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness נָא֩ 1 The word translated as **please** here is a term used in polite requests. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression for making a polite request.
4:32 tg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the existence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before your existence”
4:32 tg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person and **before** here means "prior to." If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before your existence”
4:32 njz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אָדָם֙ עַל־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Genesis 1:27](Gen/01/27.md) when Yahweh created human beings, male and female, in his image. This was on the sixth day of creation.
4:32 i0fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אָדָם֙ 1 In this verse, the word **man** is singular in form, but it refers to all human beings as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “human beings”
4:32 vugi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism וּ⁠לְ⁠מִ⁠קְצֵ֥ה הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֖יִם וְ⁠עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַ⁠שָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 Here, Moses is referring to all of the world by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and on all the earth”
@ -950,31 +949,31 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
8:14 k1uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים 1 Yahweh speaks of Egypt as if it were a **house** where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](Exo/13/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves”
8:14 rxto rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲבָדִֽים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you can express the idea behind slavery in another way. Alternative translation: “forced labor”
8:15 c4zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹרָ֗א 1 The implication is that the wilderness causes terror because it is dangerous. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. See how you translated this in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “and unsafe”
8:15 tvbq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ וְ⁠עַקְרָ֔ב 1 In this verse, the words **serpent** and **scorpion** are singular in form, but it refers to all serpents and scorpions in the wilderness as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “fiery serpents and scorpions”
8:15 anyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ 1 This phrase begins a list of the “great and terrible” things that the Israelites encountered in the wilderness. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “which had”
8:15 nlk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ 1 Here **fiery serpents** could mean that: (1) the venom from the bite of the serpents causes burning, **fiery** pain. Alternate translation: “poisonous snakes” (2) the serpents are some unknown creature who physically emit fire. Alternate translation: “burning serpents”
8:15 tvbq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ וְ⁠עַקְרָ֔ב 1 In this verse, the words **serpent** and **scorpion** are singular in form, but they refer to all serpents and scorpions in the wilderness as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “fiery serpents and scorpions”
8:15 anyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ 1 This phrase begins a list of the “great and terrible” things that the Israelites encountered in the wilderness. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “which had the fiery serpent”
8:15 nlk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ 1 Here **fiery serpent** could mean that: (1) the venom from the bite of the serpent causes burning, **fiery** pain. Alternate translation: “poisonous serpent” (2) the serpent is some unknown creature that physically emits fire. Alternate translation: “burning serpent”
8:15 ulph rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠עַקְרָ֔ב 1 A **scorpion** is a poisonous creature that crawls on the ground, similar to a spider. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of poisonous creature, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and poisonous creature”
8:15 x91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠צִמָּא֖וֹן 1 The implication is that the **ground** was **thirsty** because the region was dry and there was very little rain there. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and waterless ground”
8:15 o73b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מּוֹצִ֤יא לְ⁠ךָ֙ מַ֔יִם מִ⁠צּ֖וּר הַֽ⁠חַלָּמִֽישׁ 1 This refers to the events of [Numbers 20:2-13](Num/20/02.md), when Yahweh broke open a rock and caused water to pour out of the rock. The Israelites complained that they had no water, so Yahweh performed this miracle for them.
8:15 x91q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠צִמָּא֖וֹן 1 The implication is that the **ground** was **thirsty** because the region was dry and there was very little rain there. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and waterless land”
8:15 o73b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מּוֹצִ֤יא לְ⁠ךָ֙ מַ֔יִם מִ⁠צּ֖וּר הַֽ⁠חַלָּמִֽישׁ 1 This refers to the events of [Numbers 20:2-13](Num/20/02.md), when Yahweh broke open a rock and caused water to pour out of the rock. The Israelites complained that they had no water, so Yahweh performed this miracle for them. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “he brought out water from the rock of flint when you complained of thirst”<br><br>
8:15 u2yq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠צּ֖וּר הַֽ⁠חַלָּמִֽישׁ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **rock** that has the qualities of **flint**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe hard rock. Alternate translation: “from the flinty rock”
8:15 nfhg rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִ⁠צּ֖וּר הַֽ⁠חַלָּמִֽישׁ 1 Here the word **flint** refers to a hard, solid type of rock that can be used to ignite fires. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of rock, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “from the rock that was firm”
8:16 yy96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ⁠ךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 16](Exo/16/01.md). The Israelites complained that there was no food in the wilderness to eat, so Yahweh performed a miracle by sending them food from heaven. This food was called **manna**.
8:16 v6au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish הַ⁠מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ⁠ךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר 1 This does not mean that Yahweh personally **fed** the Israelites like a mother would feed her infant. What Moses means is that Yahweh sent manna from heaven for the Israelites to eat. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “and gave you manna to eat”
8:16 yy96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ⁠ךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 16](Exo/16/01.md). The Israelites complained that there was no food in the wilderness to eat, so Yahweh performed a miracle by sending them food from heaven. This food was called **manna**.
8:16 v6au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠מַּֽאֲכִ֨לְ⁠ךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר 1 This does not mean that Yahweh personally **fed** the Israelites like a mother would feed her infant. What Moses means is that Yahweh sent manna from heaven for the Israelites to eat. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “and gave you manna to eat”
8:16 bac9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יָדְע֖וּ⁠ן אֲבֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here **known** means “known about” or “heard of.” Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “your fathers had not heard of”
8:16 sq5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֣עַן & וּ⁠לְמַ֨עַן֙ 1 Here, **so that** marks “he might humble you” and “he might test you, to do you good” as the goal or purpose of “He fed you manna”. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:16 sq5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֣עַן & וּ⁠לְמַ֨עַן֙ 1 Here, **so that** marks what follows as the goal or purpose of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:16 obvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠אַחֲרִיתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 The implication is that Yahweh would “do good” to the Israelites at the **end** of all the testing and trials they experienced. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “at the end of all the testing”
8:17 nrx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֖ בִּ⁠לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ כֹּחִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠עֹ֣צֶם יָדִ֔⁠י עָ֥שָׂה לִ֖⁠י אֶת־הַ⁠חַ֥יִל הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “And you will say in your heart that your power and the might of your hand made for you this wealth.”
8:17 sd9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֖ בִּ⁠לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **say in your heart** is an idiom that means “think” or “say to yourself.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “And you think”
8:17 g2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יָדִ֔⁠י 1 Here “hand” represents someone’s power or ability. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my own ability”
8:17 sd9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֖ בִּ⁠לְבָבֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated this in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “And you will say to yourselves”
8:17 g2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יָדִ֔⁠י 1 Here **hand** represents someone’s power or ability. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my own skill”
8:17 jvrn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠חַ֥יִל הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 Here, **this wealth** refers to all the good things that Moses listed in [verses 7-10](../08/07.md) and [12-13](../08/12.md). You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this prosperity and all these possessions”
8:18 g9fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֨עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks “he may establish his covenant” as the goal or purpose of “gives you power to make wealth”. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:18 g9fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֨עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what follows as the goal or purpose of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
8:18 i5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָקִ֧ים אֶת־בְּרִית֛⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh will only **establish**, or fulfill, his promises to bless the Israelites if the Israelites fulfill their promises in the **covenant**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “he may fulfill his covenant”
8:18 y2wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲבֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your predecessors”
8:18 in9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 The implication is that, at the time that Moses is speaking to the Israelites, Yahweh is establishing his covenant. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as he is doing now”
8:18 in9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 The implication is that, at the time that Moses is speaking to the Israelites, Yahweh is fulfilling the covenant. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as he is doing now”
8:19 w9hk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication שָׁכֹ֤חַ תִּשְׁכַּח֙ & אָבֹ֖ד תֹּאבֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 Moses is repeating the verbs **forget** and **perish** in order to intensify the idea that it expresses. If your language can repeat words for intensification, it would be appropriate to do that here in your translation. If not, your language may have another way of expressing the emphasis. Alternate translation: “you indeed forget … you will indeed perish”
8:19 sdv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הָֽלַכְתָּ֗ אַחֲרֵי֙ 1 Here, **walk after** means “worship.” Moses is speaking of worshipping idols as if people were physically walking behind idols to follow them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and worship”
8:19 aakp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וַ⁠עֲבַדְתָּ֖⁠ם וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֣יתָ & בָ⁠כֶם֙ & תֹּאבֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 The words **you** here and in the verbs are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
8:19 rd16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas הַעִדֹ֤תִי בָ⁠כֶם֙ 1 The phrase **I testify against you** is an oath formula used as a strong warning. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong warning. Alternate translation: “I warn you”
8:19 sdv6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הָֽלַכְתָּ֗ אַחֲרֵי֙ 1 Here, **walk after** means “worship.” Moses is speaking of worshipping idols as if it were walking behind them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and serve”
8:19 aakp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וַ⁠עֲבַדְתָּ֖⁠ם וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֣יתָ & בָ⁠כֶם֙ & תֹּאבֵדֽוּ⁠ן 1 Here, **you** and the verbs are plural in form. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
8:19 rd16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas הַעִדֹ֤תִי בָ⁠כֶם֙ 1 The phrase **I testify against you** is an oath formula used as a strong warning. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong warning. Alternate translation: “I promise you”
8:20 d86j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם & תֹאבֵד֑וּ⁠ן & תִשְׁמְע֔וּ⁠ן & אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 The words **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
8:20 a8kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here, the word **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
8:20 l9hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֔וּ⁠ן בְּ⁠ק֖וֹל 1 Here the word **listen** means to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you would not obey the voice of”
@ -1328,7 +1327,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
12:5 on60 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠כָּל־שִׁבְטֵי⁠כֶ֔ם לָ⁠שׂ֥וּם אֶת־שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh will choose a place for the Israelites to worship him from the land belonging to one of the tribes. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from the land of one of your tribes”
12:5 h2cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ 1 Here, **name** represents all of Yahweh: his power, presence, knowledge, and so on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. See [chapter introduction](../12/intro.md) for more information about Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “his presence”
12:5 x9cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd וּ⁠בָ֥אתָ שָֽׁמָּ⁠ה 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** is singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
12:6 g357 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche תְּרוּמַ֣ת יֶדְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here **hand** represents the whole person in the act of giving an offering. Alternate translation: “the contribution that you personally give”
12:6 g357 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche תְּרוּמַ֣ת יֶדְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here **hand** represents the whole person in the act of giving an offering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the contribution that you personally give”
12:6 cdg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠נִדְרֵי⁠כֶם֙ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **offerings** that were given to fulfill **vows** one made. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “and offerings to fulfill your vows”
12:6 gq5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְכֹרֹ֥ת 1 In [Exodus 13:2](Exo/13/02.md), Yahweh commands the Israelites to dedicate all firstborn males to him. This command would remind the Israelites that Yahweh saved the firstborn sons from the plague in Egypt that killed all other firstborn sons. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the firstborn males that you are commanded to sacrifice from”
12:6 n2pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּקַרְ⁠כֶ֖ם וְ⁠צֹאנְ⁠כֶֽם 1 The words **herds** and **flocks** do not refer to specific groups of animals. They describe any groups of animals that an Israelite might own. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “any of your animals”
@ -1349,12 +1348,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
12:11 lu6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠הָיָ֣ה 1 Moses is using **And it will be** to introduce commands for the future. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “Then”
12:11 zegd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְ⁠הָיָ֣ה הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֥ם בּ⁠וֹ֙ לְ⁠שַׁכֵּ֤ן שְׁמ⁠וֹ֙ שָׁ֔ם שָׁ֣מָּ⁠ה תָבִ֔יאוּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could rearrange these phrases so that the subject and verb are clear. Alternate translation: “You will bring all that I command you to the place which Yahweh your God will choose for His name to dwell”
12:11 y5bp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁמ⁠וֹ֙ 1 Here, **name** represents all of Yahweh: his power, presence, knowledge, and so on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. See [chapter introduction](../12/intro.md) for more information about Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “for his presence”
12:11 v237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠תְרֻמַ֣ת יֶדְ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here **hand** represents the whole person in the act of giving an offering. Alternate translation: “the contribution that you personally give”
12:11 v237 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠תְרֻמַ֣ת יֶדְ⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here **hand** represents the whole person in the act of giving an offering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the contribution that you personally give”
12:11 qts6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִבְחַ֣ר נִדְרֵי⁠כֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **offerings** that were given to fulfill **vows** one made. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “and the offerings you choose to give to fulfill your vows”
12:12 h8ry rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי֮ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before”
12:12 m7is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠שַֽׁעֲרֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community”
12:12 d42i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין ל֛⁠וֹ חֵ֥לֶק וְ⁠נַחֲלָ֖ה אִתְּ⁠כֶֽם 1 As explained in [Numbers 18:21-25](Num/18/21.md), the Levites received and enjoyed the tithes from the rest of the Israelites. Since the tithe is their **inheritance**, Yahweh did not allot any land to them. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh gave the tithe to them and they have no allotment of land”
12:12 b6hq waiting rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ל֛⁠וֹ 1 Here “he” refers to Levi. Levi represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “they have no portion”
12:12 b6hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ל֛⁠וֹ 1 The word **he** represents any Levite in general, not one particular Levite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a Levite”
12:13 s8x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְ⁠ךָ֔ & תַּעֲלֶ֖ה עֹלֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ & תִּרְאֶֽה 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you**, **your**, and the commands are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
12:13 q449 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּֽן 1 Moses is using the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning for a negative consequence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case”
12:13 drj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּרְאֶֽה 1 Here **see** means “desire.” Moses is speaking of seeing something as if it were desiring it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you desire”
@ -1370,20 +1369,29 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
12:15 gti8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּ⁠צְּבִ֖י 1 The implication is that the Israelites could eat domesticated animals (which were designated for certain sacrifices) for food, just as they would eat wild animals (which were not used in sacrifices). You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as you are permitted to eat wild animals like the gazelle”
12:15 u3a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כַּ⁠צְּבִ֖י וְ⁠כָ⁠אַיָּֽל 1 A **gazelle* and a **deer** are hoofed animals with long, thin legs that can run quickly. Their males grow horns from their head. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of animals, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “such as the hoofed wild animals”
12:16 gaan rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast רַ֥ק 1 Moses uses the word **Only** here to indicate a strong contrast between which parts of the animals that the Israelites could and could not eat. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Except”
12:16 fvd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit But you will not eat the blood 0 The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
12:17 x27w 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses describes to the people all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle.
12:17 di9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes”
12:17 aau9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche nor that of the offering you present with your hand 0 Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh”
12:18 nia1 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
12:18 cbh7 you will eat them 0 Alternate translation: “you will eat your offerings”
12:18 eev4 before Yahweh 0 “in the presence of Yahweh
12:18 u63z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the Levite who is within your gates 0 Here “gate” represents the whole city Alternate translation: “any Levite who lives inside your city”
12:18 icp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche everything to which you put your hand 0 Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done”
12:19 z7fg Pay attention to yourself 0 Alternate translation: “Be careful”
12:19 tz4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives that you do not forsake 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “that you take good care of”
12:20 h1vp enlarges your borders 0 Alternate translation: “enlarges your territory” or “gives you even more land”
12:20 j573 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes you say, ‘I will eat flesh,’ because of your desire to eat meat 0 This is a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and you decide that you want to eat meat” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
12:20 fee8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche as your soul desires 0 Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you want” or “as you crave”
12:16 fvd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רַ֥ק הַ⁠דָּ֖ם לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ עַל־הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ תִּשְׁפְּכֶ֖⁠נּוּ כַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 In [Leviticus 17:10-14](Lev/17/10.md) Yahweh forbids the Israelites from eating blood. He explains that the life of animals is in their blood, and the blood is reserved for sacrifices. Yahweh commands the Israelites to drain the blood of the animal onto the ground and bury the blood before cooking and consuming the animal. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “Only do not eat the blood, because the blood is the life of the animal”
12:17 pshg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תוּכַ֞ל & בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֗י⁠ךָ & דְּגָֽנְ⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠תִֽירֹשְׁ⁠ךָ֣ וְ⁠יִצְהָרֶ֔⁠ךָ & בְּקָרְ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠צֹאנֶ֑⁠ךָ & נְדָרֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ & תִּדֹּ֔ר וְ⁠נִדְבֹתֶ֖י⁠ךָ & יָדֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
12:17 di9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Here, gates represents the border of a town and everything within it. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “in your communities”
12:17 c4m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠כָל־נְדָרֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ 1 Here, **vows** represents any offering that belongs to Yahweh because a person vowed to give it to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and anything you promise to give in your vows”
12:17 aau9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠תְרוּמַ֥ת יָדֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here **hand** represents the whole person in the act of giving an offering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the contribution that you personally give”
12:18 cbh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֡י אִם 1 Moses uses the word **But** here to indicate a strong contrast between where to eat animals for sacrifices and animals for food. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather”
12:18 jqzr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֜י⁠ךָ תֹּאכְלֶ֗⁠נּוּ & אַתָּ֨ה וּ⁠בִנְ⁠ךָ֤ וּ⁠בִתֶּ֨⁠ךָ֙ וְ⁠עַבְדְּ⁠ךָ֣ וַ⁠אֲמָתֶ֔⁠ךָ & בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠שָׂמַחְתָּ֗ & אֱלֹהֶ֔י⁠ךָ & יָדֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
12:18 eev4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי֩ & לִ⁠פְנֵי֙ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before … before”
12:18 wtoo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִבְחַ֜ר יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶי⁠ךָ֮ בּ⁠וֹ֒ 1 The expression **which Yahweh your God will choose it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh your God will choose”
12:18 puiy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠הַ⁠לֵּוִ֖י 1 The word **Levite** represents all Levites in general, not one particular Levite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “and any Levite”
12:18 u63z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community”
12:18 icp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִשְׁלַ֥ח יָדֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated this in [verse 7](../12/07.md).
12:18 g5o5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יָדֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Moses is using **hand** to represent all of a person in the act of working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you yourself”
12:19 tsqz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd לְ⁠ךָ֔ & תַּעֲזֹ֖ב & יָמֶ֖י⁠ךָ & אַדְמָתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you**, **yourself**, and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
12:19 c01t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּֽן 1 Moses is using the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning for a negative consequence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case”
12:19 u96u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּעֲזֹ֖ב אֶת־הַ⁠לֵּוִ֑י 1 As explained in the [chapter introduction](../12/intro.md), the Levites relied on tithes to live. An Israelite could **forsake the Levite** if they withheld offerings from the priests. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “you forsake the Levite by withholding food from him”
12:19 kquw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶת־הַ⁠לֵּוִ֑י 1 The word **Levite** represents all Levites in general, not one particular Levite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any Levite”
12:19 hhh7 waiting rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־יָמֶ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Here, **all your days** means “as long as you live.” Alternate translation: “throughout your life”
12:20 h1vp כִּֽי־יַרְחִיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֥י⁠ךָ אֶֽת־גְּבֽוּלְ⁠ךָ֮ 1 The implication is that Yahweh will broaden the **borders** of the Israelites’ land by allowing them to conquer more land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh your God causes you to conquer more land”
12:20 xfd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֥י⁠ךָ אֶֽת־גְּבֽוּלְ⁠ךָ֮ & לָ⁠ךְ֒ וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֙ & נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖ & נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖ תֹּאכַ֥ל 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
12:20 fl1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דִּבֶּר 1 Here **spoken** means “promised”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he has sworn”
12:20 j573 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠אָמַרְתָּ֙ אֹכְלָ֣ה בָשָׂ֔ר כִּֽי־תְאַוֶּ֥ה נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖ לֶ⁠אֱכֹ֣ל בָּשָׂ֑ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as modeled by the UST.
12:20 fee8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תְאַוֶּ֥ה נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖ & בְּ⁠כָל־אַוַּ֥ת נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖ 1 Here **soul** represents a person’s inner being, will, and desires. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your own desire …however you yourself desire”
12:21 t8nl 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
12:21 q6z1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy chooses to put his name 0 Here “name” refers to God himself. Yahweh would choose a place where he will live and the people will come to worship him. Alternate translation: “chooses to dwell”
12:21 e7g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” represents the whole city.” Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “within your community”

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