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Merge pull request 'Grant's edits to Galatians 1-4' (#3051) from Grant_Ailie-tc-create-1 into master 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3051
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@ -604,19 +604,48 @@ GAL 4 24 rilp figs-activepassive ἅτινά ἐστιν ἀλληγορούμε
GAL 4 24 k5qu ἅτινά ἐστιν ἀλληγορούμενα 1 as an allegory An **allegory** is a story in which things within the story are interpreted as representing something else. Here, the things in the story are meant to be interpreted as representing spiritual truths and realities. In this allegory, the two women referred to in [4:22](../04/22.md) represent two different covenants. If your language has a word or phrase to describe what an **allegory** is you can use that here. Alternately, if it would help your readers, you can describe what an allegory is in your translation. Alternate translation: “I am speaking of these things in order to teach you a spiritual truth” or “I am speaking of these things in order to use them as an analogy so that I can teach you an important truth”
GAL 4 24 b120 figs-explicit αὗται 1 Here, the word **they** refers to Sarah and Hagar. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “these women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 4 24 mfa9 διαθῆκαι 1 See how you translated the word “covenant” in [3:15](../03/15.md).
GAL 4 24 mt7j μία 1 The word **One** here could refer to: (1) the covenant which God made at Mount Sinai which resulted in spiritual slavery. Alternate translation: “One covenant” (2) Hagar in which case Paul means that she corresponds to Mount Sinai (See [4:25](../04/25.md)) and gave birth to children destined for slavery. Alternate translation: “One woman”
GAL 4 24 u4hr figs-synecdoche Ὄρους Σινά 1 Mount Sinai Paul uses **Mount Sinai** to refer to the law that Moses gave to the Israelites there. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language to express this. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai, where Moses received the law and gave it to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GAL 4 24 mt7j μία 1 The word **One** here could refer to: (1) the covenant which God made at Mount Sinai which resulted in spiritual slavery to the law. Alternate translation: “One covenant” (2) Hagar in which case Paul means that she corresponds to Mount Sinai (See [4:25](../04/25.md)) and gave birth to children destined for slavery. Alternate translation: “One woman”
GAL 4 24 u4hr figs-synecdoche Ὄρους Σινά 1 Mount Sinai Paul uses **Mount Sinai** to refer to the covenant with the laws that Moses gave to the Israelites there. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language to express this. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai, where Moses received the law and gave it to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GAL 4 24 aani figs-metaphor εἰς δουλείαν γεννῶσα 1 Paul speaks of the law of Moses “producing” or “resulting in” something as if the process of “producing” were **giving birth**. Paul speaks of the “spiritual bondage” of being under the law of Moses as if it were **slavery**. Paul is saying the the law of Moses “produces spiritual slavery.” If your readers would not understand what **giving birth** or **slavery** mean in this context, you could use equivalent metaphors from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “and produces spiritual slavery” or “and results in spiritual slavery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 25 u1cc συνστοιχεῖ 1 she represents Alternate translation: “represents” or “is similar”.
GAL 4 25 ck7v figs-metaphor δουλεύει…μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 she is in slavery with her children Hagar is a slave and her children are slaves with her. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem, like Hagar, is a slave, and her children are slaves with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 27 jql2 εὐφράνθητι 1 Rejoice Alternate translation: “Be happy”.
GAL 4 24 e3rc figs-abstractnouns δουλείαν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun such as “slave”, as modeled by the UST, or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
GAL 4 25 u1cc figs-explicit τὸ&Ἁγὰρ Σινά Ὄρος ἐστὶν 1 she represents **Hagar is Mount Sinai** means that “Hagar symbolizes Mount Sinai.” Here, Paul begin to explain the meaning of the allegory which he began in [4:22](../04/22.md). If it would help your readers you can indicate explicitly what the phrase **Hagar is Mount Sinai** means here as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “Hagar represents Mount Sinai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 4 25 klcv figs-synecdoche τὸ&Ἁγὰρ Σινά Ὄρος ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ 1 she represents Paul uses **Mount Sinai in Arabia** to refer to the covenant with the laws that Moses gave to the Israelites there. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language to express this. Alternate translation: “Hagar resembles Mount Sinai in Arabia, where Moses received the law and gave it to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
GAL 4 25 azzt figs-ellipsis συνστοιχεῖ 1 she represents Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. The words that Paul leaves out could be: (1) Hagar. Alternate translation: “Hagar corresponds” (2) Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai corresponds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
GAL 4 25 xvhr figs-metonymy νῦν Ἰερουσαλήμ, δουλεύει γὰρ 1 she represents Paul is describing the religion of Judaism (which emphasized obeying the law of Moses) by association with the city of Jerusalem, which was the center of this religion. If your readers would not understand this, you could use plain language as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “religion of Judaism, for all who follow this religion are in slavery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
GAL 4 25 bonn figs-metaphor δουλεύει γὰρ μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 Paul speaks of the religion of Judaism, with its emphasis on obeying the law of Moses, as being **in slavery**. Here, Paul uses the word **slavery** to refer to the ”spiritual bondage“ that seeking to obey the religious system based on the law of Moses creates for those who seek to obey it as a means of meriting God’s approval. Here, **slavery** refers to “spiritual bondage” and **children** refers to those people who seek to obey the law of Moses as a means of meriting God’s approval. If your readers would not understand what **slavery** and **children** mean in this context, you could use equivalent metaphors from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “for Jerusalem represents the religious system of Judaism, which results in spiritual bondage for all those practice it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 25 frft figs-personification δουλεύει&μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 Here, Paul refers to the city of **Jerusalem** as though it were a woman (**she** and **her**) who could be **in slavery** and have **children**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem represents the religious system of Judaism, which results in spiritual bondage for all those practice it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
GAL 4 25 flc8 figs-abstractnouns δουλεύει 1 she represents If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun such as “slave”, as modeled by the UST, or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
GAL 4 26 busv grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 she represents Here, the word **But** is introducing a contrast between “the present Jerusalem” mentioned in [425:](../04/25.md) and **the Jerusalem above** in this verse. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “On the other hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
GAL 4 26 qsz6 ἡ&ἄνω Ἰερουσαλὴμ 1 The phrase **the Jerusalem above** could refer to: (1) the heavenly city of God. Alternate translation: “the heavenly Jerusalem” (2) all Christians and be referring to the Christian church which is comprised of all those who believe in Jesus. REVISIT-SEE SIL EX SUMM PG 175
GAL 4 26 qpxq figs-explicit ἐλευθέρα 1 Here, the word **free** refers to spiritual freedom and freedom from the law and sin. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “spiritually free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 4 26 iwg1 figs-metaphor ἥτις ἐστὶν μήτηρ ἡμῶν 1 Paul speaks of **the Jerusalem above** as if it was were the **mother**. If your readers would not understand what **mother** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. REVISIT-SEE SIL EX SUMM PG 175 Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 26 c4qu figs-personification μήτηρ ἡμῶν 1 Paul speaks of **the Jerusalem above** as if it was were a **mother**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
GAL 4 26 ijkp figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 When Paul says **our**, he is speaking of all believers in Jesus, which would include himself and the Galatian believers, so **our** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
GAL 4 27 kfc6 grammar-connect-words-phrases γάρ 1 Here, Paul uses the word **For** to indicate that he is introducing material which supports what he said in [4:26](../04/26.md). Use a natural form in your language for introducing information which supports a prior claim. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
GAL 4 27 jt53 γέγραπται 1 Here, Paul uses the phrase it is written to indicate that what follows is a quotation from the Old Testament Scriptures. Paul assumes that his readers will understand this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is referring to an important text. Alternate translation: “it is written in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 4 27 ummm figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that the prophet “Isaiah” did it. Alternate translation: “Isaiah wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
GAL 4 27 jql2 writing-quotations εὐφράνθητι, στεῖρα, ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα, ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον, ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα, ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον, ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα 1 Rejoice This is a quotation from Isaiah 54:1. Use a natural way of indicating that something is a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
GAL 4 27 y6x4 1
GAL 4 27 scqa grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 The word **because** is introducing the reason to **Rejoice**. Use a natural form for introducing a reason to do something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])\n
GAL 4 28 jfx1 grammar-connect-words-phrases δέ 1 Here, Paul uses the word **Now** to indicate that what he writes next is connected to what he wrote immediately before this and that he is continuing his line of thought. Use a natural form in your language to indicate that what follows is in continuity with what precedes it. Alternate translation: “And” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
GAL 4 28 oyo4 figs-simile ὑμεῖς&ἀδελφοί, κατὰ Ἰσαὰκ, ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα ἐστέ 1 The point of this comparison is that anyone who will be like, who . If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
GAL 4 28 p45d figs-yousingular ὑμεῖς 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is plural. Your language may require you to mark such forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
GAL 4 28 ad75 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
GAL 4 28 ct63 ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Here, **children of promise** could refer to: (1) Abraham’s children (2) God’s children.
GAL 4 28 ct63 figs-metaphor ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Here, **children** could: (1) be a metaphor which means “God’s spiritual descendants.” Alternate translation: “God’s spiritual descendants” or “God’s children” (2) be a metaphor which means “Abraham’s spiritual descendants.” Alternate translation: “Abraham’s spiritual descendants” or “Abraham’s children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 28 u3dr figs-possession ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Paul is using the possessive form to describe the source of **children**. He means that the **children** are the **children** or “descendants” which God promised to supernaturally give to Abraham and therefore they are **children** whose source derives from God fulfillment of his **promise** to Abraham. If this is not clear in your language, you could clarify the relationship for your readers. Alternate translation: “children of God’s promise” or “children of God’s promise to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
GAL 4 28 u9t0 ἐπαγγελίας 1 children of promise See how you translated the word **promise** in [3:14](../03/14.md).
GAL 4 29 c9lf κατὰ σάρκα 1 according to the flesh See how you translated the phrase **according to flesh** in [4:23](../04/23.md).
GAL 4 29 gt1e κατὰ Πνεῦμα 1 according to the Spirit Here, **according to Spirit** means Isaac was born in a supernatural way, through the power of the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “because of the Spirit” or “because of the work of the Spirit”
GAL 4 29 jff1 Πνεῦμα 1 The word **Spirit** refers to the Holy Spirit. Make sure that you translate the word **Spirit** with the same word that you used to translate “Spirit” in [3:2](../03/02.md) where it is also referring to the Holy Spirit.
GAL 4 30 ca1m ἀλλὰ 1
GAL 4 30 a2xo figs-rquestion τί λέγει ἡ Γραφή 1 Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form to get the Galatian believers to think about the scripture verse he cites next. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
GAL 4 30 klbo figs-personification λέγει ἡ Γραφή 1 Here, Paul speaks of the **scripture** passage he is quoting from Genesis as though it were a were a person who could speak . If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “does Moses say in the scripture” or “does Moses write in the scripture”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
GAL 4 30 kg1j writing-quotations ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς; οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης, μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἐλευθέρας 1 This is a quotation from Genesis. Use a natural way of indicating that something is a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
GAL 4 30 mjj5 κληρονομήσει 1 See how you translated the similar word “inheritance” in [3:18](../03/18.md).
GAL 4 31 g74v διό 1
GAL 4 31 sy8u figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
GAL 4 31 iz3b figs-metaphor τέκνα 1 brothers Paul speaks of “spiritual descendants” as if they were **children**. If your readers would not understand what **children** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
GAL 4 31 ily3 ἀλλὰ 1
GAL 5 intro bcg3 0 # Galatians 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul continues writing about the law of Moses as something that traps or enslaves a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fruit of the Spirit<br>The phrase “the fruit of the Spirit” is not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. Translators should keep the singular form if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Illustrations<br>Paul uses several metaphors in this chapter to illustrate his points and help explain complicated issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “You are cut off from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you no longer experience grace.”<br>Some scholars think Paul teaches that being circumcised causes a person to lose their salvation. Other scholars think Paul means that obeying the law to try to get right with God will keep a person from being saved by grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
GAL 5 1 up16 0 Connecting Statement: Paul applies the allegory of the two women to remind believers that the are free from having to obey the law.
GAL 5 1 kuu9 figs-explicit τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ, ἡμᾶς Χριστὸς ἠλευθέρωσεν 1 For freedom Christ has set us free **For freedom Christ set us free** implies that Christ sets believers free from the law and that they are not obligated to obey it. Alternate translation: “Christ has set us free from the old covenant so that we might be free” or “Christ has set us free from the law so that we might live as free people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -776,4 +805,4 @@ GAL 6 18 ch05 translate-blessing ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν,
GAL 6 18 m7mj figs-abstractnouns ἡ χάρις 1 See how you translated **grace** in [1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
GAL 6 18 r9zk figs-genericnoun τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 Jesus is speaking of the spirits of his readers in general, not of one particular **spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “your spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
GAL 6 18 wywe figs-explicit τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 Here, **spirit** could refer to: (1) the whole person. Alternative translation: “you” (2) the inner person, which is what a person thinks and feels. Alternative translation: “your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
GAL 6 18 pk25 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the same use of **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
GAL 6 18 pk25 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the same use of **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
604 GAL 4 24 k5qu ἅτινά ἐστιν ἀλληγορούμενα 1 as an allegory An **allegory** is a story in which things within the story are interpreted as representing something else. Here, the things in the story are meant to be interpreted as representing spiritual truths and realities. In this allegory, the two women referred to in [4:22](../04/22.md) represent two different covenants. If your language has a word or phrase to describe what an **allegory** is you can use that here. Alternately, if it would help your readers, you can describe what an allegory is in your translation. Alternate translation: “I am speaking of these things in order to teach you a spiritual truth” or “I am speaking of these things in order to use them as an analogy so that I can teach you an important truth”
605 GAL 4 24 b120 figs-explicit αὗται 1 Here, the word **they** refers to Sarah and Hagar. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “these women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
606 GAL 4 24 mfa9 διαθῆκαι 1 See how you translated the word “covenant” in [3:15](../03/15.md).
607 GAL 4 24 mt7j μία 1 The word **One** here could refer to: (1) the covenant which God made at Mount Sinai which resulted in spiritual slavery. Alternate translation: “One covenant” (2) Hagar in which case Paul means that she corresponds to Mount Sinai (See [4:25](../04/25.md)) and gave birth to children destined for slavery. Alternate translation: “One woman” The word **One** here could refer to: (1) the covenant which God made at Mount Sinai which resulted in spiritual slavery to the law. Alternate translation: “One covenant” (2) Hagar in which case Paul means that she corresponds to Mount Sinai (See [4:25](../04/25.md)) and gave birth to children destined for slavery. Alternate translation: “One woman”
608 GAL 4 24 u4hr figs-synecdoche Ὄρους Σινά 1 Mount Sinai Paul uses **Mount Sinai** to refer to the law that Moses gave to the Israelites there. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language to express this. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai, where Moses received the law and gave it to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Paul uses **Mount Sinai** to refer to the covenant with the laws that Moses gave to the Israelites there. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language to express this. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai, where Moses received the law and gave it to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
609 GAL 4 24 aani figs-metaphor εἰς δουλείαν γεννῶσα 1 Paul speaks of the law of Moses “producing” or “resulting in” something as if the process of “producing” were **giving birth**. Paul speaks of the “spiritual bondage” of being under the law of Moses as if it were **slavery**. Paul is saying the the law of Moses “produces spiritual slavery.” If your readers would not understand what **giving birth** or **slavery** mean in this context, you could use equivalent metaphors from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “and produces spiritual slavery” or “and results in spiritual slavery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
610 GAL 4 25 24 u1cc e3rc figs-abstractnouns συνστοιχεῖ δουλείαν 1 she represents Alternate translation: “represents” or “is similar”. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun such as “slave”, as modeled by the UST, or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
611 GAL 4 25 ck7v u1cc figs-metaphor figs-explicit δουλεύει…μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς τὸ&Ἁγὰρ Σινά Ὄρος ἐστὶν 1 she is in slavery with her children she represents Hagar is a slave and her children are slaves with her. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem, like Hagar, is a slave, and her children are slaves with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) **Hagar is Mount Sinai** means that “Hagar symbolizes Mount Sinai.” Here, Paul begin to explain the meaning of the allegory which he began in [4:22](../04/22.md). If it would help your readers you can indicate explicitly what the phrase **Hagar is Mount Sinai** means here as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “Hagar represents Mount Sinai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
612 GAL 4 27 25 jql2 klcv figs-synecdoche εὐφράνθητι τὸ&Ἁγὰρ Σινά Ὄρος ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ 1 Rejoice she represents Alternate translation: “Be happy”. Paul uses **Mount Sinai in Arabia** to refer to the covenant with the laws that Moses gave to the Israelites there. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use plain language to express this. Alternate translation: “Hagar resembles Mount Sinai in Arabia, where Moses received the law and gave it to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
613 GAL 4 25 azzt figs-ellipsis συνστοιχεῖ 1 she represents Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. The words that Paul leaves out could be: (1) Hagar. Alternate translation: “Hagar corresponds” (2) Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai corresponds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
614 GAL 4 25 xvhr figs-metonymy νῦν Ἰερουσαλήμ, δουλεύει γὰρ 1 she represents Paul is describing the religion of Judaism (which emphasized obeying the law of Moses) by association with the city of Jerusalem, which was the center of this religion. If your readers would not understand this, you could use plain language as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “religion of Judaism, for all who follow this religion are in slavery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
615 GAL 4 25 bonn figs-metaphor δουλεύει γὰρ μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 Paul speaks of the religion of Judaism, with its emphasis on obeying the law of Moses, as being **in slavery**. Here, Paul uses the word **slavery** to refer to the ”spiritual bondage“ that seeking to obey the religious system based on the law of Moses creates for those who seek to obey it as a means of meriting God’s approval. Here, **slavery** refers to “spiritual bondage” and **children** refers to those people who seek to obey the law of Moses as a means of meriting God’s approval. If your readers would not understand what **slavery** and **children** mean in this context, you could use equivalent metaphors from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “for Jerusalem represents the religious system of Judaism, which results in spiritual bondage for all those practice it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
616 GAL 4 25 frft figs-personification δουλεύει&μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς 1 Here, Paul refers to the city of **Jerusalem** as though it were a woman (**she** and **her**) who could be **in slavery** and have **children**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem represents the religious system of Judaism, which results in spiritual bondage for all those practice it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
617 GAL 4 25 flc8 figs-abstractnouns δουλεύει 1 she represents If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun such as “slave”, as modeled by the UST, or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
618 GAL 4 26 busv grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 she represents Here, the word **But** is introducing a contrast between “the present Jerusalem” mentioned in [425:](../04/25.md) and **the Jerusalem above** in this verse. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “On the other hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
619 GAL 4 26 qsz6 ἡ&ἄνω Ἰερουσαλὴμ 1 The phrase **the Jerusalem above** could refer to: (1) the heavenly city of God. Alternate translation: “the heavenly Jerusalem” (2) all Christians and be referring to the Christian church which is comprised of all those who believe in Jesus. REVISIT-SEE SIL EX SUMM PG 175
620 GAL 4 26 qpxq figs-explicit ἐλευθέρα 1 Here, the word **free** refers to spiritual freedom and freedom from the law and sin. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “spiritually free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
621 GAL 4 26 iwg1 figs-metaphor ἥτις ἐστὶν μήτηρ ἡμῶν 1 Paul speaks of **the Jerusalem above** as if it was were the **mother**. If your readers would not understand what **mother** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. REVISIT-SEE SIL EX SUMM PG 175 Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
622 GAL 4 26 c4qu figs-personification μήτηρ ἡμῶν 1 Paul speaks of **the Jerusalem above** as if it was were a **mother**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
623 GAL 4 26 ijkp figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 When Paul says **our**, he is speaking of all believers in Jesus, which would include himself and the Galatian believers, so **our** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
624 GAL 4 27 kfc6 grammar-connect-words-phrases γάρ 1 Here, Paul uses the word **For** to indicate that he is introducing material which supports what he said in [4:26](../04/26.md). Use a natural form in your language for introducing information which supports a prior claim. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
625 GAL 4 27 jt53 γέγραπται 1 Here, Paul uses the phrase it is written to indicate that what follows is a quotation from the Old Testament Scriptures. Paul assumes that his readers will understand this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is referring to an important text. Alternate translation: “it is written in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
626 GAL 4 27 ummm figs-activepassive γέγραπται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that the prophet “Isaiah” did it. Alternate translation: “Isaiah wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
627 GAL 4 27 jql2 writing-quotations εὐφράνθητι, στεῖρα, ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα, ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον, ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα, ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον, ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα 1 Rejoice This is a quotation from Isaiah 54:1. Use a natural way of indicating that something is a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
628 GAL 4 27 y6x4 1
629 GAL 4 27 scqa grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 The word **because** is introducing the reason to **Rejoice**. Use a natural form for introducing a reason to do something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])\n
630 GAL 4 28 jfx1 grammar-connect-words-phrases δέ 1 Here, Paul uses the word **Now** to indicate that what he writes next is connected to what he wrote immediately before this and that he is continuing his line of thought. Use a natural form in your language to indicate that what follows is in continuity with what precedes it. Alternate translation: “And” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
631 GAL 4 28 oyo4 figs-simile ὑμεῖς&ἀδελφοί, κατὰ Ἰσαὰκ, ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα ἐστέ 1 The point of this comparison is that anyone who will be like, who . If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
632 GAL 4 28 p45d figs-yousingular ὑμεῖς 1 Here, the pronoun **you** is plural. Your language may require you to mark such forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
633 GAL 4 28 ad75 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
634 GAL 4 28 ct63 figs-metaphor ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Here, **children of promise** could refer to: (1) Abraham’s children (2) God’s children. Here, **children** could: (1) be a metaphor which means “God’s spiritual descendants.” Alternate translation: “God’s spiritual descendants” or “God’s children” (2) be a metaphor which means “Abraham’s spiritual descendants.” Alternate translation: “Abraham’s spiritual descendants” or “Abraham’s children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
635 GAL 4 28 u3dr figs-possession ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα 1 children of promise Paul is using the possessive form to describe the source of **children**. He means that the **children** are the **children** or “descendants” which God promised to supernaturally give to Abraham and therefore they are **children** whose source derives from God fulfillment of his **promise** to Abraham. If this is not clear in your language, you could clarify the relationship for your readers. Alternate translation: “children of God’s promise” or “children of God’s promise to Abraham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
636 GAL 4 28 u9t0 ἐπαγγελίας 1 children of promise See how you translated the word **promise** in [3:14](../03/14.md).
637 GAL 4 29 c9lf κατὰ σάρκα 1 according to the flesh See how you translated the phrase **according to flesh** in [4:23](../04/23.md).
638 GAL 4 29 gt1e κατὰ Πνεῦμα 1 according to the Spirit Here, **according to Spirit** means Isaac was born in a supernatural way, through the power of the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “because of the Spirit” or “because of the work of the Spirit”
639 GAL 4 29 jff1 Πνεῦμα 1 The word **Spirit** refers to the Holy Spirit. Make sure that you translate the word **Spirit** with the same word that you used to translate “Spirit” in [3:2](../03/02.md) where it is also referring to the Holy Spirit.
640 GAL 4 30 ca1m ἀλλὰ 1
641 GAL 4 30 a2xo figs-rquestion τί λέγει ἡ Γραφή 1 Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form to get the Galatian believers to think about the scripture verse he cites next. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
642 GAL 4 30 klbo figs-personification λέγει ἡ Γραφή 1 Here, Paul speaks of the **scripture** passage he is quoting from Genesis as though it were a were a person who could speak . If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “does Moses say in the scripture” or “does Moses write in the scripture”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
643 GAL 4 30 kg1j writing-quotations ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς; οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης, μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἐλευθέρας 1 This is a quotation from Genesis. Use a natural way of indicating that something is a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
644 GAL 4 30 mjj5 κληρονομήσει 1 See how you translated the similar word “inheritance” in [3:18](../03/18.md).
645 GAL 4 31 g74v διό 1
646 GAL 4 31 sy8u figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the word **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
647 GAL 4 31 iz3b figs-metaphor τέκνα 1 brothers Paul speaks of “spiritual descendants” as if they were **children**. If your readers would not understand what **children** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
648 GAL 4 31 ily3 ἀλλὰ 1
649 GAL 5 intro bcg3 0 # Galatians 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul continues writing about the law of Moses as something that traps or enslaves a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fruit of the Spirit<br>The phrase “the fruit of the Spirit” is not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. Translators should keep the singular form if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Illustrations<br>Paul uses several metaphors in this chapter to illustrate his points and help explain complicated issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “You are cut off from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you no longer experience grace.”<br>Some scholars think Paul teaches that being circumcised causes a person to lose their salvation. Other scholars think Paul means that obeying the law to try to get right with God will keep a person from being saved by grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])
650 GAL 5 1 up16 0 Connecting Statement: Paul applies the allegory of the two women to remind believers that the are free from having to obey the law.
651 GAL 5 1 kuu9 figs-explicit τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ, ἡμᾶς Χριστὸς ἠλευθέρωσεν 1 For freedom Christ has set us free **For freedom Christ set us free** implies that Christ sets believers free from the law and that they are not obligated to obey it. Alternate translation: “Christ has set us free from the old covenant so that we might be free” or “Christ has set us free from the law so that we might live as free people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
805 GAL 6 18 m7mj figs-abstractnouns ἡ χάρις 1 See how you translated **grace** in [1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
806 GAL 6 18 r9zk figs-genericnoun τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 Jesus is speaking of the spirits of his readers in general, not of one particular **spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “your spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
807 GAL 6 18 wywe figs-explicit τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 Here, **spirit** could refer to: (1) the whole person. Alternative translation: “you” (2) the inner person, which is what a person thinks and feels. Alternative translation: “your inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
808 GAL 6 18 pk25 figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 brothers See how you translated the same use of **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])