Merge branch 'update_ulb_udb_titles' of unfoldingWord/en_tn into master

This commit is contained in:
Larry Sallee 2018-04-23 19:52:00 +00:00 committed by Gogs
commit 8bb25306c8
489 changed files with 566 additions and 566 deletions

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# The sons of Noah were Shem, Ham, and Japheth # The sons of Noah were Shem, Ham, and Japheth
Some versions, including the ULB and UDB, include "The sons of" in order to make it clear that Shem, Ham, and Japheth were brothers to each other and sons of Noah. Otherwise, the reader would assume that each person represented one generation farther away from Noah, their ancestor. Some versions, including the ULT and UST, include "The sons of" in order to make it clear that Shem, Ham, and Japheth were brothers to each other and sons of Noah. Otherwise, the reader would assume that each person represented one generation farther away from Noah, their ancestor.
# Noah # Noah

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"

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# General Information: # General Information:
The information in 1 Chronicles 6:78-79 can be rearranged as in the UDB so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) The information in 1 Chronicles 6:78-79 can be rearranged as in the UST so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
# from the tribe of Reuben, across ... Jericho, they received # from the tribe of Reuben, across ... Jericho, they received

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# General Information: # General Information:
The information in 1 Chronicles 6:78-79 can be rearranged as in the UDB so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) The information in 1 Chronicles 6:78-79 can be rearranged as in the UST so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
# Kedemoth ... Mephaath # Kedemoth ... Mephaath

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/tra
# heads of their fathers' houses # heads of their fathers' houses
The words "father's houses" refers to extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans." The words "father's houses" refers to extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans."
# They numbered 22,600 # They numbered 22,600

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@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/tra
# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"
# distinguished men # distinguished men

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"
# Geba ... Manahath # Geba ... Manahath

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"
# Aijalon ... Gath # Aijalon ... Gath

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# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"

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# heads of fathers' houses for their fathers' houses # heads of fathers' houses for their fathers' houses
"leaders of their extended families." Extended families are people related to each other who usually live in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans." "leaders of their extended families." Extended families are people related to each other who usually live in different houses, what the UST calls "clans."

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# fathers' houses # fathers' houses
extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UDB calls "clans" extended families, people related to each other who usually lived in different houses, what the UST calls "clans"
# they were free from work # they were free from work

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Chapters 15 and 16 tell how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) Chapters 15 and 16 tell how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 16:8-36. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 16:8-36.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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The first three verses are a greeting. In the ancient Near East, this was a common way of starting a letter. The first three verses are a greeting. In the ancient Near East, this was a common way of starting a letter.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the words of verse 19, which are from the Old Testament. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 19, which are from the Old Testament.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verses 19 and 20. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verses 19 and 20.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verse 13. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 13.
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### #### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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# weak and ill # weak and ill
These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UDB. These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UST.
# and some of you have fallen asleep # and some of you have fallen asleep

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In this chapter, Paul returns to discussing spiritual gifts. In this chapter, Paul returns to discussing spiritual gifts.
Some translations set what is quoted from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the words of verse 21. Some translations set what is quoted from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the words of verse 21.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ##
#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 1 Corinthians in the ULB? #### #### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 1 Corinthians in the ULT? ####
The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 1 Corinthians ULB uses the following principles: The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 1 Corinthians ULT uses the following principles:
* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God considers Christians to be sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people." (See: 1:2; 3:17) * Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God considers Christians to be sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULT uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people." (See: 1:2; 3:17)
* Sometimes the meaning in a passage indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 6:1, 2; 14:33; 16:1, 15) * Sometimes the meaning in a passage indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULT uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 6:1, 2; 14:33; 16:1, 15)
* Sometimes the meaning in the passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," "reserved for," or "sanctified." (See: 1:2; 6:11; 7:14, 34) * Sometimes the meaning in the passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULT uses "set apart," "dedicated to," "reserved for," or "sanctified." (See: 1:2; 6:11; 7:14, 34)
The UDB will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions. The UST will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.
#### What is the meaning of "flesh?" #### #### What is the meaning of "flesh?" ####

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John often used the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus' word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers. John often used the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus' word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers.
Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, John intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with God when he said, "He who says he remains in God" (1 John 2:6). The UDB says, "If we say that we are in union with God," but translators will often have to find other expressions that communicate these ideas well. Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, John intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with God when he said, "He who says he remains in God" (1 John 2:6). The UST says, "If we say that we are in union with God," but translators will often have to find other expressions that communicate these ideas well.
In the passage, "the word of God remains in you" (1 John 2:13), the UDB expresses this idea as, "you continue to obey what God commands." Many translators will find it possible to use this translation as a model. In the passage, "the word of God remains in you" (1 John 2:13), the UST expresses this idea as, "you continue to obey what God commands." Many translators will find it possible to use this translation as a model.
#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 John? #### #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 John? ####
For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
* "And we are writing these things to you so that our joy may be complete" (1:4). Some older versions have, "And we are writing these things to you so that your joy may be complete." * "And we are writing these things to you so that our joy may be complete" (1:4). Some older versions have, "And we are writing these things to you so that your joy may be complete."
* "And you all know the truth" (2:20). Other modern versions have, "And you all have knowledge." Some older versions have, "and you know all things." * "And you all know the truth" (2:20). Other modern versions have, "And you all have knowledge." Some older versions have, "and you know all things."
* "and this is what we are!" (3:1). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older versions omit this phrase. * "and this is what we are!" (3:1). The ULT, UST, and most modern versions read this way. Some older versions omit this phrase.
* "and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God" (4:3). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read, "and every spirit that does not acknowledge that Jesus has come in the flesh is not of God." * "and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God" (4:3). The ULT, UST, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read, "and every spirit that does not acknowledge that Jesus has come in the flesh is not of God."
For the following passage, translators are advised to translate this as the ULB does. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this passage, the translators can include it. If it is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not in the original version of 1 John. For the following passage, translators are advised to translate this as the ULT does. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this passage, the translators can include it. If it is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not in the original version of 1 John.
* "For there are three who bear witness: the Spirit, the water, and the blood. These three are in agreement." (5:7-8) Some older versions have, "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three are as one." * "For there are three who bear witness: the Spirit, the water, and the blood. These three are in agreement." (5:7-8) Some older versions have, "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three are as one."

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# measures of wheat # measures of wheat
This was a dry measurement whereas the oil was a liquid measurement. It was not clear which measure was intended. The measurement in the UDB is an educated guess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]]) This was a dry measurement whereas the oil was a liquid measurement. It was not clear which measure was intended. The measurement in the UST is an educated guess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
# year by year # year by year

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Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East. Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 1:24-25. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 1:24-25.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:6, 7, 8, and 22. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:6, 7, 8, and 22.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:10. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:10.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 3:10-12. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 3:10-12.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:18. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:18.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter? #### #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter? ####
* "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth. This was for the purpose of sincere brotherly love; so love one another earnestly from the heart" (1:22). The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart." * "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth. This was for the purpose of sincere brotherly love; so love one another earnestly from the heart" (1:22). The ULT, UST, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart."
If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with Hannah's poetic prayer in 2:1-10 . Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with Hannah's poetic prayer in 2:1-10 .
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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# David defeated ... He hit ... killed ... There was no sword in David's hand # David defeated ... He hit ... killed ... There was no sword in David's hand
Verse 50 is a summary of David's amazing victory over Goliath. The details about how he hit and killed Goliath are in [1 Samuel 17:49](../17/49.md) and 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UDB. Verse 50 is a summary of David's amazing victory over Goliath. The details about how he hit and killed Goliath are in [1 Samuel 17:49](../17/49.md) and 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UST.

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This is the first chapter of a section explaining why Saul wants to kill David. This is the first chapter of a section explaining why Saul wants to kill David.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 18:7. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 18:7.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 21:11. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 21:11.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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# go out with you # go out with you
David wanted his parents to live with the king of Moab so that King Saul would not be able to harm them. Translators can express his basic meaning by using the ideas of "come to stay with you," "stay with you," or "live here with you," as in the UDB. David wanted his parents to live with the king of Moab so that King Saul would not be able to harm them. Translators can express his basic meaning by using the ideas of "come to stay with you," "stay with you," or "live here with you," as in the UST.

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# May God do so to me, David # May God do so to me, David
The Hebrew text has "May God strike the enemies of David," and some versions follow this. However, the reading of the ULB follows the main Greek tradition of the Old Testament, as some other modern versions do. The Hebrew text has "May God strike the enemies of David," and some versions follow this. However, the reading of the ULT follows the main Greek tradition of the Old Testament, as some other modern versions do.
# all who belong # all who belong

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 29:5. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 29:5.
#### Other possible translation difficulties #### #### Other possible translation difficulties ####

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Paul identifies himself as the writer of the letter and greets the church at The
# Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church # Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the church
The UDB makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The UST makes clear that it was Paul who wrote this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
# May grace and peace be to you # May grace and peace be to you

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@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very a close union with Christ and the belie
#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Thessalonians? #### #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Thessalonians? ####
For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
* "May grace and peace be to you" (1:1). Some older versions read: "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." * "May grace and peace be to you" (1:1). Some older versions read: "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ."
* "Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children." (2:7) Other modern versions and older versions read, "Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children." * "Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children." (2:7) Other modern versions and older versions read, "Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children."

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word "our" refers to Paul and Timothy
# Paul, an apostle # Paul, an apostle
"I, Paul, wrote this letter. I am an apostle." Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Immediately after introducing the writer, you may want to indicate to whom the letter was written, as in the UDB. "I, Paul, wrote this letter. I am an apostle." Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Immediately after introducing the writer, you may want to indicate to whom the letter was written, as in the UST.
# according to the commandment of # according to the commandment of

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# the living God # the living God
Here this expression may be speaking of God as the one who gives life to all, as in the UDB. Here this expression may be speaking of God as the one who gives life to all, as in the UST.

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# he is proud ... He has an unhealthy interest # he is proud ... He has an unhealthy interest
Here "he" refers to anyone in general that teaches what is not correct. To make this clear, you can translate "he" as "they" as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) Here "he" refers to anyone in general that teaches what is not correct. To make this clear, you can translate "he" as "they" as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
# understands nothing # understands nothing

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@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe
#### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 1 Timothy? #### #### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 1 Timothy? ####
For the following verse, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. For the following verse, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
* "godliness is a way to get more money." Some older versions of the Bible read this way, "godliness is a way to get more money: withdraw from such things." (6:5) * "godliness is a way to get more money." Some older versions of the Bible read this way, "godliness is a way to get more money: withdraw from such things." (6:5)

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# General Information: # General Information:
It may be helpful to reorder the events in these verses as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) It may be helpful to reorder the events in these verses as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
# spoke to all Israel, to the commanders ... heads of the fathers' house # spoke to all Israel, to the commanders ... heads of the fathers' house

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# the prophecy of Oded the prophet # the prophecy of Oded the prophet
Many versions, including the UDB, make this passage read, "the prophecy of Azariah, the son of Oded the prophet." They do this in order to make the sense agree with [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md). Translators will probably want to do the same in their versions. Many versions, including the UST, make this passage read, "the prophecy of Azariah, the son of Oded the prophet." They do this in order to make the sense agree with [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md). Translators will probably want to do the same in their versions.
# drove away the disgusting things # drove away the disgusting things

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verses 2 and 16-18, which are words from the Old Testament. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verses 2 and 16-18, which are words from the Old Testament.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section. Paul writes about how churches in Greece helped needy believers in Jerusalem. Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section. Paul writes about how churches in Greece helped needy believers in Jerusalem.
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verse 15. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 15.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verse 9, which is quoted from the Old Testament. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 9, which is quoted from the Old Testament.
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### #### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verse 17. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 17.
In this chapter, Paul returns to defending his authority. He also compares the way he speaks and the way he writes. In this chapter, Paul returns to defending his authority. He also compares the way he speaks and the way he writes.

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@ -42,17 +42,17 @@ These were Jewish Christians. They taught that Gentile Christians had to obey th
In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers in Corinth. There are two exceptions to this: 6:2 and 12:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always plural and refers to the believers in Corinth. There are two exceptions to this: 6:2 and 12:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 2 Corinthians in the ULB? #### #### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in 2 Corinthians in the ULT? ####
The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, the ULB uses the following principles: The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, the ULT uses the following principles:
* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God considers Christians to be sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULB uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people." * Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God considers Christians to be sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULT uses "holy," "holy God," "holy ones," or "holy people."
* The meaning in most passages in 2 Corinthians is a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 1:1; 8:4; 9:1, 12; 13:13) * The meaning in most passages in 2 Corinthians is a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULT uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 1:1; 8:4; 9:1, 12; 13:13)
* Sometimes the meaning in the passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "set apart," "dedicated to," "reserved for," or "sanctified." * Sometimes the meaning in the passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULT uses "set apart," "dedicated to," "reserved for," or "sanctified."
The UDB will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions. The UST will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.
#### What did Paul mean by expressions like "in Christ" and "in the Lord"? #### #### What did Paul mean by expressions like "in Christ" and "in the Lord"? ####
@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ Paul's message was that God makes Christians part of a "new world" when a person
#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Corinthians? #### #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Corinthians? ####
* "and in your love for us" (8:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, read this way. However, many other versions read, "and in our love for you." There is strong evidence that each reading is original. Translators should probably follow the reading preferred by other versions in their region. * "and in your love for us" (8:7). Many versions, including the ULT and UST, read this way. However, many other versions read, "and in our love for you." There is strong evidence that each reading is original. Translators should probably follow the reading preferred by other versions in their region.
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])

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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter. Also, the word "you" is always plura
#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter? #### #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter? ####
For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
* "to be kept in chains of lower darkness until the judgment" (2:4). Some modern versions and older versions have, "to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment." * "to be kept in chains of lower darkness until the judgment" (2:4). Some modern versions and older versions have, "to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment."
* "They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you" (2:13). Some versions have, "They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts." * "They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you" (2:13). Some versions have, "They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts."

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27.
This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel. This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.

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# the middle of the gate # the middle of the gate
This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UDB implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner. This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
# the blood of Asahel # the blood of Asahel

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war. This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the import
# tell my servant David, 'This is what Yahweh of hosts says: I took you ... so that you would be ruler over my people Israel. # tell my servant David, 'This is what Yahweh of hosts says: I took you ... so that you would be ruler over my people Israel.
This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UDB. Alternate translation: "tell my servant David that I took him ... so that he would be ruler over my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: "tell my servant David that I took him ... so that he would be ruler over my people Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
# tell my servant David # tell my servant David

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# I have been with you wherever you went. I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth # I have been with you wherever you went. I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth
This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UDB. Alternate translation: "I have been with him wherever he went. I have cut off all his enemies from before him. Now I will make his name great, like the name of the great ones of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: "I have been with him wherever he went. I have cut off all his enemies from before him. Now I will make his name great, like the name of the great ones of the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
# I have been with you # I have been with you

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@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ The word "faithfulness" is an abstract noun that can be stated as "faithfully lo
# from before you # from before you
If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "David" or "him" or "his" as in the UDB. Alternate translation: "from before David. David's house ... before him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "David" or "him" or "his" as in the UST. Alternate translation: "from before David. David's house ... before him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Your house ... before you. Your throne # Your house ... before you. Your throne
If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "David" or "him" or "his" as in the UDB. Alternate translation: "David's house ... before him. His throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate "you" as "David" or "him" or "his" as in the UST. Alternate translation: "David's house ... before him. His throne" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
# Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever. # Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever.

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 23:2-7. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2-7.
2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David's army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) 2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David's army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])

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@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe
#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians? #### #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians? ####
For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
* "and the man of lawlessness is revealed" (2:3). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Older versions have, "and the man of sin is revealed." * "and the man of lawlessness is revealed" (2:3). The ULT, UST, and most modern versions read this way. Older versions have, "and the man of sin is revealed."
* "For God chose you as the firstfruits for salvation" (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and some other versions read this way. Other versions have, "For God chose you from the first for salvation." * "For God chose you as the firstfruits for salvation" (2:13) The ULT, UST, and some other versions read this way. Other versions have, "For God chose you from the first for salvation."
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ In this book, unless otherwise noted, the word "our" refers to Paul and Timothy
# Paul # Paul
Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UDB. Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
# through the will of God # through the will of God

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# to Timothy # to Timothy
Your language may have a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UDB. Your language may have a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter. Also, immediately after introducing the author, you may need to tell to whom the letter is written, as in the UST.
# beloved child # beloved child

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set words farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with verses 11-13. Paul may be quoting a poem or hymn in these verses. Some translations set words farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with verses 11-13. Paul may be quoting a poem or hymn in these verses.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe
#### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 Timothy? #### #### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 Timothy? ####
For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
* "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher" (1:11). Some older versions read, "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles." * "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher" (1:11). Some older versions read, "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles."
* "Warn them before God" (2:14). Some older versions read, "Warn them before the Lord." * "Warn them before God" (2:14). Some older versions read, "Warn them before the Lord."

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This chapter records an event, commonly known as the "Ascension," when Jesus returned to heaven after he became alive again. He will not come back until he returns at his "second coming." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) This chapter records an event, commonly known as the "Ascension," when Jesus returned to heaven after he became alive again. He will not come back until he returns at his "second coming." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]])
The UDB has set the words "Dear Theophilus" apart from the other words. This is because English speakers often start letters this way. You might want to start this book the way people start letters in your culture. The UST has set the words "Dear Theophilus" apart from the other words. This is because English speakers often start letters this way. You might want to start this book the way people start letters in your culture.
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the two quotes from Psalms in 1:20. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the two quotes from Psalms in 1:20.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:17-21, 25-28, and 34-35. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:17-21, 25-28, and 34-35.
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 2:31. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 2:31.
The events described in this chapter are commonly called "Pentecost." Many people believe that the church began to exist when the Holy Spirit came to live inside believers in this chapter. The events described in this chapter are commonly called "Pentecost." Many people believe that the church began to exist when the Holy Spirit came to live inside believers in this chapter.
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The word "tongues" has two meanings in this chapter. Luke describes what came do
##### Last days ##### ##### Last days #####
No one knows for sure when the "last days" ([Acts 2:17](../../act/02/17.md)) began. Your translation should not say more than the ULB does about this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) No one knows for sure when the "last days" ([Acts 2:17](../../act/02/17.md)) began. Your translation should not say more than the ULT does about this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])
##### Baptize ##### ##### Baptize #####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:25-26. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:25-26.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The believers in Jerusalem gave food every day to women whose husbands had died.
##### "His face was like the face of an angel" ##### ##### "His face was like the face of an angel" #####
No one knows for sure what it was about Stephen's face that was like the face of an angel, because Luke does not tell us. It is best for the translation to say only what the ULB says about this. No one knows for sure what it was about Stephen's face that was like the face of an angel, because Luke does not tell us. It is best for the translation to say only what the ULT says about this.
## Links: ## ## Links: ##

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# an angel appeared # an angel appeared
Stephen's audience knew that God spoke through the angel. The UDB makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Stephen's audience knew that God spoke through the angel. The UST makes this explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 7:42-43 and 49-50. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 7:42-43 and 49-50.
It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter. It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter.

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# General Information: # General Information:
It may be helpful to your audience to move these parts of the story about Stephen together by using a verse bridge as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) It may be helpful to your audience to move these parts of the story about Stephen together by using a verse bridge as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]])
# Connecting Statement: # Connecting Statement:

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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 8:32-33. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 8:32-33.
The first sentence of verse 1 ends the description of the events in chapter 7. Luke begins a new part of his history with the words "So there began." The first sentence of verse 1 ends the description of the events in chapter 7. Luke begins a new part of his history with the words "So there began."

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@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information
# after they had asked their way to the house # after they had asked their way to the house
This happened before they arrived at the house. This could be stated earlier in the verse, as the UDB does. This happened before they arrived at the house. This could be stated earlier in the verse, as the UST does.

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The words "They" and "them" here refer to the two servants and the soldier from
# A centurion named Cornelius ... listen to a message from you # A centurion named Cornelius ... listen to a message from you
This can be divided into several sentences and stated in active form as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be divided into several sentences and stated in active form as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
# worships God # worships God

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# the events ... and with power # the events ... and with power
This long sentence, which begins in verse 36, can be shortened into several sentences as in the UDB. "You know ... of all. You yourselves know ... announced. You know the events ... with power" This long sentence, which begins in verse 36, can be shortened into several sentences as in the UST. "You know ... of all. You yourselves know ... announced. You know the events ... with power"
# God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power # God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and with power

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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the three quotes from Psalms in 13:33-35. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the three quotes from Psalms in 13:33-35.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 13:41. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 13:41.
The chapter is where the second half of the Book of Acts begins. Luke writes more about Paul than about Peter, and it describes how it is the Gentiles and not the Jews to whom the believers tell the message about Jesus. The chapter is where the second half of the Book of Acts begins. Luke writes more about Paul than about Peter, and it describes how it is the Gentiles and not the Jews to whom the believers tell the message about Jesus.

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 15:16-17. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 15:16-17.
The meeting that Luke describes in this chapter is commonly called the "Jerusalem Council." This was a time when many church leaders got together to decide if believers needed to obey the whole law of Moses. The meeting that Luke describes in this chapter is commonly called the "Jerusalem Council." This was a time when many church leaders got together to decide if believers needed to obey the whole law of Moses.

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# they received from him instructions for Silas and Timothy # they received from him instructions for Silas and Timothy
"he told them to instruct Silas and Timothy." This can also be stated as a direct quotation as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) "he told them to instruct Silas and Timothy." This can also be stated as a direct quotation as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

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# Are you not then the Egyptian ... wilderness? # Are you not then the Egyptian ... wilderness?
The chief captain uses this question and the question "Do you speak Greek?" (verse 37) to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. Possible meanings are 1) as in ULB, the chief captain believes that even though Paul speaks Greek, Paul is the Egyptian. "Even though you speak Greek, I still think you are the Egyptian ... wilderness." 2) Because Paul speaks Greek, the chief captain thinks that perhaps Paul is not the Egyptian. "So you speak Greek. Perhaps I was wrong to think you were that Egyptian ... wilderness." It is best to retain the questions if the reader can infer one of the two meanings from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The chief captain uses this question and the question "Do you speak Greek?" (verse 37) to express surprise that Paul is not who he thought he was. Possible meanings are 1) as in ULT, the chief captain believes that even though Paul speaks Greek, Paul is the Egyptian. "Even though you speak Greek, I still think you are the Egyptian ... wilderness." 2) Because Paul speaks Greek, the chief captain thinks that perhaps Paul is not the Egyptian. "So you speak Greek. Perhaps I was wrong to think you were that Egyptian ... wilderness." It is best to retain the questions if the reader can infer one of the two meanings from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
# Are you not then the Egyptian # Are you not then the Egyptian

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Acts 21:1-19 describes Paul's journey to Jerusalem. After he arrived in Jerusalem, the believers there told him that the Jews wanted to harm him and what he should do so they would not harm him (verses 20-26). Even though Paul did what the believers told him to do, the Jews tried to kill him. The Romans rescued him and gave him a chance to speak to the Jews. Acts 21:1-19 describes Paul's journey to Jerusalem. After he arrived in Jerusalem, the believers there told him that the Jews wanted to harm him and what he should do so they would not harm him (verses 20-26). Even though Paul did what the believers told him to do, the Jews tried to kill him. The Romans rescued him and gave him a chance to speak to the Jews.
The last verse of the chapter ends with an incomplete sentence. Most translations leave the sentence incomplete, as the ULB does. The last verse of the chapter ends with an incomplete sentence. Most translations leave the sentence incomplete, as the ULT does.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 23:5. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted material in 23:5.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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These are the most significant textual issues in Acts: These are the most significant textual issues in Acts:
The following verses are found in older versions of the Bible, but they are not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern versions put the verses in square brackets ([]). The ULB and UDB put them in a footnote. The following verses are found in older versions of the Bible, but they are not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern versions put the verses in square brackets ([]). The ULT and UST put them in a footnote.
* "Philip said, 'If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.' The Ethiopian answered, 'I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God'" (Acts 8:37). * "Philip said, 'If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.' The Ethiopian answered, 'I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God'" (Acts 8:37).
* "But it seemed good to Silas to remain there." (Acts 15:34) * "But it seemed good to Silas to remain there." (Acts 15:34)
* "And we wanted to judge him according to our law. But Lysias, the officer, came and forcibly took him out of our hands, sending him to you." (Acts 24:6b-8a) * "And we wanted to judge him according to our law. But Lysias, the officer, came and forcibly took him out of our hands, sending him to you." (Acts 24:6b-8a)
* "When he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves." (Acts 28:29) * "When he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves." (Acts 28:29)
In the following verses, it is uncertain what the original text said. Translators will need to choose which reading to translate. The ULB has the first readings but include the second readings in footnotes. In the following verses, it is uncertain what the original text said. Translators will need to choose which reading to translate. The ULT has the first readings but include the second readings in footnotes.
* "They returned from Jerusalem" (Acts 12:25). Some versions read, "They returned to Jerusalem (or to there)." * "They returned from Jerusalem" (Acts 12:25). Some versions read, "They returned to Jerusalem (or to there)."
* "he put up with them" (Acts 13:18). Some versions read, "he cared for them." * "he put up with them" (Acts 13:18). Some versions read, "he cared for them."
* "This is what the Lord says, who has done these things that have been known from ancient times." (Acts 15:17-18). Some older versions read, "This is what the Lord says, to whom are known all his deeds from ancient times." * "This is what the Lord says, who has done these things that have been known from ancient times." (Acts 15:17-18). Some older versions read, "This is what the Lord says, to whom are known all his deeds from ancient times."

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UDB translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative. This chapter consists of oracles against Moab and Judah by using poetic language and imagery. But the UST translates it using prose. If possible, translate this chapter as poetry, but you may translate as narrative.
#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### #### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####

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The Book of Amos contains the words of Amos, a shepherd of Tekoa. Amos began to prophesy about 760 BC. He spoke Yahweh's messages against God's people behaving wickedly. He spoke messages to both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) The Book of Amos contains the words of Amos, a shepherd of Tekoa. Amos began to prophesy about 760 BC. He spoke Yahweh's messages against God's people behaving wickedly. He spoke messages to both the southern kingdom of Judah and the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
Yahweh gave Amos prophecies of judgment (Chapters 1-6) to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase "This is what Yahweh says" (ULB). Yahweh gave Amos prophecies of judgment (Chapters 1-6) to proclaim to the people. Each of them begins with the phrase "This is what Yahweh says" (ULT).
Three visions of Yahweh coming to judge the people are in the last part of the book (7:1-9:10). A final vision promises that Yahweh will restore Israel (9:11-15). He will restore the "tent of David." This means a descendant of David would once again be king over Israel. Three visions of Yahweh coming to judge the people are in the last part of the book (7:1-9:10). A final vision promises that Yahweh will restore Israel (9:11-15). He will restore the "tent of David." This means a descendant of David would once again be king over Israel.

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@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ In this letter, Paul frequently spoke of heaven as "above." He distinguished it
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ##
#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Colossians in the ULB? #### #### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Colossians in the ULT? ####
The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In Colossians, these words usually indicate a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. So Colossians in the ULB uses "believers" or "those who believe in him." (See: 1:2, 12, 26) The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In Colossians, these words usually indicate a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. So Colossians in the ULT uses "believers" or "those who believe in him." (See: 1:2, 12, 26)
#### Was Jesus created or is he eternal? #### #### Was Jesus created or is he eternal? ####
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe
#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Colossians? #### #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Colossians? ####
For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.
* "May grace be to you, and peace from God our Father" (1:2). Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." * "May grace be to you, and peace from God our Father" (1:2). Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ."
* "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf" (1:7). Some older versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you." * "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf" (1:7). Some older versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you."
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older ve
* "In his Son we have redemption" (1:14). Some older versions read, "In his Son we have redemption through his blood." * "In his Son we have redemption" (1:14). Some older versions read, "In his Son we have redemption through his blood."
* "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses." * "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses."
* "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). Some older versions read, "When Christ appears, who is our life." * "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). Some older versions read, "When Christ appears, who is our life."
* "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience" (3:6). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. However, some modern and older versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming." * "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience" (3:6). The ULT, UST, and many other modern versions read this way. However, some modern and older versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming."
* "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us" (4:8). Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you." * "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us" (4:8). Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you."
(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in Daniel's prayer in 2:20-23. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Daniel's prayer in 2:20-23.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ God told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that
#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####
##### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin ##### ##### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin #####
These are words in Aramaic. Daniel "transliterates" these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULB and UDB they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet. These are words in Aramaic. Daniel "transliterates" these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.
## Links: ## ## Links: ##

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the letter in 6:25-27. Some translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the letter in 6:25-27.
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Daniel and the lions ##### ##### Daniel and the lions #####

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# General Information: # General Information:
Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
# thrones were set in place # thrones were set in place

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# General Information: # General Information:
Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB and UDB present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Daniel continues to describe his vision of the court in heaven and the response to the fourth animal that he saw in [Daniel 7:7](../07/07.md). Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
# A river of fire flowed out from before him # A river of fire flowed out from before him

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# General Information: # General Information:
Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) Most of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
# I saw one coming ... like a son of man # I saw one coming ... like a son of man

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# General Information: # General Information:
Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
# This is what that person said # This is what that person said

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# General Information: # General Information:
The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
# He will speak words against the Most High # He will speak words against the Most High

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# General Information: # General Information:
The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULB presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) The man in Daniel's vision continues talking to Daniel. Most of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
# The kingdom and the dominion ... will be given to the people # The kingdom and the dominion ... will be given to the people

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# Daniel 07 General Notes # # Daniel 07 General Notes #
#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### The four beasts ##### ##### The four beasts #####

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Chapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar
# It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians # It was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians
This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UDB places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
# who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians # who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB uses a separate paragraph for each commandment. Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Moses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://e
# Jeshurun # Jeshurun
Moses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Jeshurun' means 'upright one.'" If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UDB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Moses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, "The name 'Jeshurun' means 'upright one.'" If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
# the Rock of his salvation # the Rock of his salvation

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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh
# How could one chase a thousand ... Yahweh had given them up? # How could one chase a thousand ... Yahweh had given them up?
Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. This question can be translated as a statement as in the UDB. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. This question can be translated as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
# How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight # How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight

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#### Structure and formatting #### #### Structure and formatting ####
Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.
#### Special concepts in this chapter #### #### Special concepts in this chapter ####

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