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@ -76,16 +76,16 @@ EPH 1 23 w2kh τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν
EPH 1 23 x2kh τὸ πλήρωμα 1 the fullness This could have: (1) a passive sense, which would mean that Christ fills or completes the church. (2) an active sense, which would mean that the church completes Christ (as a body completes a head).
EPH 2 intro e7qn 0 # Ephesians 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the life that a Christian had before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br><br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br><br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br><br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br><br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here probably refers to both things: the gift is that we are saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is sometimes used as a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. But “flesh” is also used in this verse to refer to the physical person, similar to “body part of man.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
EPH 2 1 xf5s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
EPH 2 1 dxx8 figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 you were dead in your trespasses and sins This shows how the inability of a sinful person to obey God is similar to a dead person’s inability to respond physically. Alternate translation: “you were spiritually dead, unable to do anything but sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 1 dxx8 figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 you were dead in your trespasses and sins This shows how the inability of a sinful person to obey God is similar to a **dead** person’s inability to respond physically. Alternate translation: “you were spiritually dead, unable to do anything but sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 1 lp32 figs-doublet τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your trespasses and sins The words **trespasses** and **sins** have similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the people’s sin. If your language has just one word for this, the two words can be combined. Alternate translation: “your many sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 2 1 ab32 figs-abstractnouns τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your trespasses and sins The words **trespasses** and **sins** are abstract nouns that represent actions. You can use an adjective or a verb for this if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the sinful things that you did” or “always sinning against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 2 ab80 figs-metaphor ἐν αἷς ποτε περιεπατήσατε 1 in which you once walked Here, **walk** is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “which is how you lived” or “which you did habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 1 ab32 figs-abstractnouns τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your trespasses and sins The words **trespasses** and **sins** are abstract nouns that represent actions. You could use an adjective or a verb for this if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the sinful things that you did” or “always sinning against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 2 ab80 figs-metaphor ἐν αἷς ποτε περιεπατήσατε 1 in which you once walked Here, “walk” is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “which is how you lived” or “which you did habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 2 i7d4 figs-metonymy κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου 1 according to the age of this world The apostles often used **world** to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. Alternate translation: “according to the values of people living in the world” or “following the principles of this present world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 2 n5d2 τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος 1 the ruler of the authorities of the air This refers to the devil or Satan.
EPH 2 2 n5d2 τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος 1 the ruler of the authorities of the air This phrase refers to the devil or Satan.
EPH 2 2 bj9y τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος 1 the spirit that is now working Alternate translation: “the spirit of Satan, who is currently working”
EPH 2 2 ab9y figs-idiom τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience “people who routinely disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 3 d3wd figs-metonymy τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν 1 the desires of the body and of the mind The words **body** and **mind** represent the entire person. Alternate translation: “the selfish things that people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 3 zd6v figs-idiom τέκνα…ὀργῆς 1 children of wrath “people with whom God is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 2 ab9y figs-idiom τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience Alternate translation: “people who routinely disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 3 d3wd figs-metonymy τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν 1 the desires of the body and of the mind The words **body** and **minds** represent the entire person. Alternate translation: “the selfish things that people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 3 zd6v figs-idiom τέκνα…ὀργῆς 1 children of wrath Alternate translation: “people with whom God is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 4 abco grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The love and mercy of God is in sharp contrast to the evil way the Ephesians lived before they believed in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 4 chm6 figs-abstractnouns Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει 1 God is rich in mercy The word **mercy** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God is abundantly merciful” or “God is very kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 4 hrx9 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς 1 because of his great love with which he loved us The word **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “because he loved us so very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
76 EPH 1 23 x2kh τὸ πλήρωμα 1 the fullness This could have: (1) a passive sense, which would mean that Christ fills or completes the church. (2) an active sense, which would mean that the church completes Christ (as a body completes a head).
77 EPH 2 intro e7qn 0 # Ephesians 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the life that a Christian had before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br><br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br><br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br><br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br><br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here probably refers to both things: the gift is that we are saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is sometimes used as a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. But “flesh” is also used in this verse to refer to the physical person, similar to “body part of man.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
78 EPH 2 1 xf5s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
79 EPH 2 1 dxx8 figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 you were dead in your trespasses and sins This shows how the inability of a sinful person to obey God is similar to a dead person’s inability to respond physically. Alternate translation: “you were spiritually dead, unable to do anything but sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) This shows how the inability of a sinful person to obey God is similar to a **dead** person’s inability to respond physically. Alternate translation: “you were spiritually dead, unable to do anything but sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80 EPH 2 1 lp32 figs-doublet τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your trespasses and sins The words **trespasses** and **sins** have similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the people’s sin. If your language has just one word for this, the two words can be combined. Alternate translation: “your many sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
81 EPH 2 1 ab32 figs-abstractnouns τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your trespasses and sins The words **trespasses** and **sins** are abstract nouns that represent actions. You can use an adjective or a verb for this if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the sinful things that you did” or “always sinning against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The words **trespasses** and **sins** are abstract nouns that represent actions. You could use an adjective or a verb for this if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the sinful things that you did” or “always sinning against God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
82 EPH 2 2 ab80 figs-metaphor ἐν αἷς ποτε περιεπατήσατε 1 in which you once walked Here, **walk** is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “which is how you lived” or “which you did habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, “walk” is a metaphor for the way a person lives. Alternate translation: “which is how you lived” or “which you did habitually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83 EPH 2 2 i7d4 figs-metonymy κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου 1 according to the age of this world The apostles often used **world** to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. Alternate translation: “according to the values of people living in the world” or “following the principles of this present world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
84 EPH 2 2 n5d2 τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος 1 the ruler of the authorities of the air This refers to the devil or Satan. This phrase refers to the devil or Satan.
85 EPH 2 2 bj9y τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος 1 the spirit that is now working Alternate translation: “the spirit of Satan, who is currently working”
86 EPH 2 2 ab9y figs-idiom τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience “people who routinely disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Alternate translation: “people who routinely disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
87 EPH 2 3 d3wd figs-metonymy τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν 1 the desires of the body and of the mind The words **body** and **mind** represent the entire person. Alternate translation: “the selfish things that people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The words **body** and **minds** represent the entire person. Alternate translation: “the selfish things that people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
88 EPH 2 3 zd6v figs-idiom τέκνα…ὀργῆς 1 children of wrath “people with whom God is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Alternate translation: “people with whom God is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
89 EPH 2 4 abco grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The love and mercy of God is in sharp contrast to the evil way the Ephesians lived before they believed in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
90 EPH 2 4 chm6 figs-abstractnouns Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει 1 God is rich in mercy The word **mercy** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God is abundantly merciful” or “God is very kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
91 EPH 2 4 hrx9 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς 1 because of his great love with which he loved us The word **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “because he loved us so very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])