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tn_GAL.tsv

@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ front:intro	i6u9				0	# Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
 4:3	rwwj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who was doing the action, Paul says that “the elemental principles of the world” were doing it. See the note on personification regarding **the elemental principles of this world**. Alternate translation: “the elemental principles of the world were enslaving us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 4:3	cd2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δεδουλωμένοι	1	Paul speaks of being under the control of **the elemental principles of the world** as if it were slavery. If your readers would not understand what **enslaved** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 4:3	l0fg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὑπὸ	1	Here, the word **under** means “under the power of” or “under the authority of.” See how you translated the word **under** in [4:2](../04/02.md) where Paul uses it with a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “under the power of” or “under the authority of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-4:3	v1zo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου & δεδουλωμένοι	1	Here, Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they were a person who could enslave other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly, as modeled by the UST. Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they have the power to enslave a person, but it is actually humans, who do not yet believe in the Messiah, who willing submit to these **elemental principles** and allow themselves to be enslaved. See [5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+4:3	v1zo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου & δεδουλωμένοι	1	Here, Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they were a person who could enslave other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly, as modeled by the UST. Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they have the power to enslave a person, but it is actually humans who do not yet believe in the Messiah, who willing submit to these **elemental principles** and allow themselves to be enslaved. See [5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 4:3	u462			τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου	1	**the elemental principles of the world** could refer to: (1) the religious and/or moral teachings that people, whether they be a Jew or non-Jew, seek to obey in order to please God and/or think of themselves as praiseworthy and good. (2) the things prescribed by the Mosaic law. 3) spiritual beings which people thought controlled **the world**.
 4:4	ogo3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	The word **But** is introducing a contrast between the time prior to **when the fullness of time came**, which Paul described before this verse, and the time after **the fullness of time came**, which Paul describes in this verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 4:4	ujfp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου	1	The phrase **the fullness of time** means “the right time” or “the time that God appointed.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the right time” or “the designated time” or “the appointed time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -533,12 +533,12 @@ front:intro	i6u9				0	# Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
 4:5	eapv			τὴν υἱοθεσίαν ἀπολάβωμεν	1	Alternate translation: “God might adopt us as his sons”
 4:5	ii90		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἀπολάβωμεν	1	The word **we** could refer to: (1) all Christians, both Jews and non-Jews, in which case **we** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (2) Jewish Christians only, in which case **we** would be exclusive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 4:5	tpqc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν υἱοθεσίαν ἀπολάβωμεν	1	Paul speaks of God giving people a close personal relationship with himself and giving them special rights and privileges as if it were **adoption**. If your readers would not understand what **adoption** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-4:5	jris		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοθεσίαν	1	Paul speaks of those who believe in Jesus as if God was their biological, physical father. He means that these people have a father-son relationship with God because they trust in Jesus. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **sons** in [3:26](../03/26.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “the spiritual children of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+4:5	jris		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοθεσίαν	1	Paul speaks of those who believe in Jesus as if God was their biological, physical father. He means that these people have a father-son relationship with God because they trust in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **sons** in [3:26](../03/26.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “the spiritual children of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 4:5	lq4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	υἱοθεσίαν	1	Although the term **sons** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “adoption as children” or “adoption as God’s children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 4:6	ahbp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δέ	1	Here, Paul is using the word **And** to introduce new information into his ongoing argument. Use a natural form for introducing new information. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 4:6	exc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅτι	1	The word **because** is introducing the reason that **God sent the Spirit of his Son into** the hearts of believers, namely because believers are God’s **sons**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a reason. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 4:6	l2ny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	υἱοί	1	Although the term **sons** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-4:6	bikp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοί	1	Paul speaks of the Galatian believers as if God was their biological, physical father. He means that these people have a father-son relationship with God because they trust in Jesus. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **sons** in [4:5](../04/25.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “the spiritual children of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+4:6	bikp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοί	1	Paul speaks of the Galatian believers as if God was their biological, physical father. He means that these people have a father-son relationship with God because they trust in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the word **sons** in [4:5](../04/25.md) where it is used with the same meaning. Alternate translation: “the spiritual children of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 4:6	yadl			τὸ Πνεῦμα	1	The phrase **the Spirit** refers to the Holy Spirit. Make sure that you translate the word **Spirit** with the same word that you used to translate “Spirit” in [3:2](../03/02.md), where it is also referring to the Holy Spirit.
 4:6	nei3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν	1	Here, the word **hearts** refers to the innermost part of a person. Paul is describing the innermost part of a person by association with their physical heart. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent term from your culture that is used to describe the center of a person’s inner being or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “to live within each of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 4:6	s54r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κρᾶζον	1	The phrase **crying out** means “to call out loudly.” This phrase does not mean to cry or weep from sorrow. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “calling out loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ front:intro	i6u9				0	# Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
 4:12	gteu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γίνεσθε ὡς ἐγώ, ὅτι κἀγὼ ὡς ὑμεῖς	1	Here, Paul is referring to obeying the rules and regulations prescribed in the law of Moses. He is asking the Galatians to become like himself and not act as if the law of Moses has authority over their lives, because he became as they were when they did not seek to conduct their lives according to the rules prescribed in the law of Moses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 4:12	b4w2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γίνεσθε ὡς ἐγώ, ὅτι κἀγὼ ὡς ὑμεῖς	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because I became as you, you also should become as I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
 4:12	cg8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	κἀγὼ ὡς ὑμεῖς	1	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. Here, the implied words are **became** and **are**. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context as modeled by the ULT. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-4:12	n3wf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	οὐδέν με ἠδικήσατε	1	Here. Paul expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If this is confusing in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “You treated me well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
+4:12	n3wf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	οὐδέν με ἠδικήσατε	1	Here. Paul expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you can express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “You treated me well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 4:13	ytex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background	δὲ	1	Paul is using the word **Now** to introduce background information. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “And” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
 4:13	a22l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	δι’ ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκὸς, εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν	1	Here, Paul states that it was a physical sickness that previously caused him to proclaim the gospel to Galatians. This could mean that (1) Paul was already in Galatia and a physical sickness caused Paul to stay in Galatia longer so that he could recover from his sickness and because of this delay he had time and opportunity to proclaim the gospel to the Galatians (2) because of a physical sickness Paul went to Galatia to recover from his sickness and while there he proclaimed the gospel to the Galatians. Because Paul does not explicitly state which of these two scenarios provided the opportunity for him to preach the gospel, but rather simply focuses on the sickness, you should not further explain what Paul says here about his sickness but rather should use a general expression as modeled by the ULT and UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
 4:13	ho2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	δι’	1	Here, Paul is using the phrase **because** to introduce the reason that he **proclaimed the gospel** to the Galatians **previously**, which was **because** he had to stay in Galatia because of a physical sickness. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a reason-result clause. (Here, the reason is **a weakness of the flesh** and the result is that Paul **proclaimed the gospel to** the Galatians). Alternate translation: “on account of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@@ -646,14 +646,14 @@ front:intro	i6u9				0	# Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
 4:25	azzt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	συνστοιχεῖ	1	Paul is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. The words that Paul leaves out could be: (1) Hagar. Alternate translation: “Hagar corresponds” (2) Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “Mount Sinai corresponds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 4:25	xvhr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	νῦν Ἰερουσαλήμ, δουλεύει γὰρ	1	Paul is describing the religion of Judaism (which emphasized obeying the law of Moses) by association with the city of Jerusalem, which was the center of this religion. If your readers would not understand this, you could use plain language as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “religion of Judaism, for all who follow this religion are in slavery” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 4:25	bonn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δουλεύει γὰρ μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	Paul speaks of the religion of Judaism, with its emphasis on obeying the law of Moses, as being **in slavery**. Here, Paul uses the word **slavery** to refer to the ”spiritual bondage“ that seeking to obey the religious system based on the law of Moses creates for those who seek to obey it as a means of meriting God’s approval. Here, **slavery** refers to “spiritual bondage” and **children** refers to those people who seek to obey the law of Moses as a means of meriting God’s approval. If your readers would not understand what **slavery** and **children** mean in this context, you could use equivalent metaphors from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “for Jerusalem represents the religious system of Judaism, which results in spiritual bondage for all those who practice it” or “for Jerusalem represents the religious system based on the laws of Moses, which results in spiritual bondage for all those who seek to be righteous before God by practicing it”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-4:25	frft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	δουλεύει & μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	Here, Paul refers to the city of **Jerusalem** as though it were a woman (**she** and **her**) who could be **in slavery** and have **children**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem represents the religious system of Judaism, which results in spiritual bondage for all those who practice it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+4:25	frft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	δουλεύει & μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	Here, Paul refers to the city of **Jerusalem** as though it were a woman (**she** and **her**) who could be **in slavery** and have **children**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem represents the religious system of Judaism, which results in spiritual bondage for all those who practice it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 4:25	flc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δουλεύει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun such as “slave,” as modeled by the UST, or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 4:26	busv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** is introducing a contrast between “the present Jerusalem” mentioned in [4:25](../04/25.md) and **the Jerusalem above** in this verse. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “On the other hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
 4:26	qsz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἡ & ἄνω Ἰερουσαλὴμ	1	The phrase **the Jerusalem above** refers to the heavenly city of God which is comprised of all those who trust Jesus to save them from their sins. If your readers would not understand what **the Jerusalem above** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “the heavenly Jerusalem” or “God’s Jerusalem” or “God’s Jerusalem, which is made up of those who trust in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 4:26	tdz1		rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἄνω	1	Paul is describing what is “heavenly” (what belongs to or comes from heaven) by association with the word **above**, which his readers would have understood to mean “heavenly.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use plain language as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 4:26	qpxq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλευθέρα	1	Here, the word **free** refers to spiritual freedom which consists of freedom from the law of Moses and freedom from the power and condemnation of sin which results in being able to freely worship God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “spiritually free” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 4:26	iwg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἥτις ἐστὶν μήτηρ ἡμῶν	1	Paul uses the word **mother** to refer to belonging to a place as a citizen of that place and possessing the rights and privileges which belong to a citizen. If your readers would not understand what **mother** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “which is the Jerusalem to which we belong” or “which is the place to which we belong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-4:26	c4qu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	μήτηρ ἡμῶν	1	Paul speaks of **the Jerusalem above** as if it was were a **mother**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+4:26	c4qu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	μήτηρ ἡμῶν	1	Paul speaks of **the Jerusalem above** as if it was were a **mother**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly, as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 4:26	ijkp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	When Paul says **our**, he is speaking of all believers in Jesus, which would include himself and the Galatian believers, so **our** would be inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 4:27	kfc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	Here, Paul uses the word **For** to indicate that he is introducing material which supports what he said in [4:26](../04/26.md). Use a natural form in your language for introducing information which supports a prior claim. (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 4:27	jt53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γέγραπται	1	Here, Paul uses the phrase **it is written** to indicate that what follows is a quotation from the Old Testament Scriptures. Paul assumes that his readers will understand this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Paul is referring to an important text. Alternate translation: “it is written in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ front:intro	i6u9				0	# Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
 4:29	jff1			Πνεῦμα	1	The word **Spirit** refers to the Holy Spirit. Make sure that you translate the word **Spirit** with the same word that you used to translate “Spirit” in [3:2](../03/02.md) where it is also referring to the Holy Spirit.
 4:29	saqx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	οὕτως καὶ	1	The phrase **so it also is** introduces a comparison. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a comparison. Alternate translation: “so it is also the same” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
 4:30	a2xo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί λέγει ἡ Γραφή	1	Paul is not asking for information, but is using the question form to get the Galatian believers to think about the Scripture verse he cites next. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-4:30	klbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	λέγει ἡ Γραφή	1	Here, Paul speaks of the specific Scripture passage he is quoting from Genesis as though it were a were a person who is speaking. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “does Moses say in the scripture” or “does Moses write in the scripture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+4:30	klbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	λέγει ἡ Γραφή	1	Here, Paul speaks of the specific scripture passage he is quoting from Genesis as though it were a were a person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does Moses say in the scripture” or “does Moses write in the scripture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 4:30	kg1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς; οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης, μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἐλευθέρας	1	This is a quotation from Genesis. Use a natural way in your language, to indicate that this is a quotation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])
 4:30	x9d7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔκβαλε	1	Here, **Cast out** means to “send away.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 4:30	upqy			παιδίσκην & παιδίσκης & ἐλευθέρας	1	See how you translated the phrases **slave girl** and **free woman** in [4:22](../04/22.md).