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@ -472,16 +472,16 @@ front:intro i6u9 0 # Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:25 be13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ παιδαγωγόν 1 Here, Paul is speaking of “the law” as though it were a person who was a **guardian**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly, as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3:25 kjvy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπὸ 1 Here, the word **under** means “under the supervision of.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “under the supervision of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:26 tzqa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations υἱοὶ 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Paul is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women who have **faith in Christ Jesus**. Alternate translation: “sons and daughters” or “children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
3:26 u0ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱοὶ 1 Paul speaks of the Galatian believers as if God was their biological, physical father. He means that these people have a father-son relationship with God because they trust in Jesus. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the spiritual children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:26 u0ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor υἱοὶ 1 Paul speaks of the Galatian believers as if God was their biological, physical father. He means that these people have a father-son relationship with God because they trust in Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the spiritual children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:26 mwku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς πίστεως 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea with a verb such as “trust,” as modeled by the UST, or you could express the meaning in some other way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:26 kht6 ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 The phrase **in Christ Jesus** could mean: (1) that the spiritual position of the Galatian believers was “in Christ Jesus.” Alternate translation: “being in union with Christ Jesus” or “you are in union with Christ Jesus” (2) that **Christ Jesus** was the object of Galatian believers faith. Alternate translation: “which is in Christ Jesus” or “towards Christ Jesus”
3:27 p0dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** indicates that what follows is an explanation giving the reason for why Paul said “you are all sons of God” in [3:26](../03/26.md). Use a natural form in your language for introducing information which proves and/or explains a prior statement. Alternate translation: “Because” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
3:27 yicn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅσοι 1 The phrase **as many as** means “as many of you as.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as many of you as” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:27 h5ax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅσοι & ἐβαπτίσθητε 1 The phrase **as many as have** means “all of you who have.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “all of you who have been baptized” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:27 v6n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐβαπτίσθητε 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Paul implies that “a person” did it. Alternate translation: “someone has baptized” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:27 ucuk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε 1 Paul speaks of being **baptized into Christ** as if **Christ** were a physical location into which someone could be baptized. Here, **into Christ** refers to being spiritually united with Christ and coming into close spiritual union with him. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning of this phrase plainly. Alternative translation: “have been baptized into close spiritual union with Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:27 ucuk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε 1 Paul speaks of being **baptized into Christ** as if **Christ** were a physical location into which someone could be baptized. Here, **into Christ** refers to being spiritually united with Christ and coming into close spiritual union with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning of this phrase plainly. Alternative translation: “have been baptized into close spiritual union with Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:27 dgkv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε, Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε 1 By speaking of baptism, Paul could be describing all of the things which belong to a believers initial conversion experience. Paul would then be associating all of them with one part of their conversion experience, water baptism, in which case baptism is an abbreviated way of referring to conversion and the things that are part of it such as belief in Christ, baptism, and receiving Holy Spirit. If you decide that this is what Paul means here, and if it would help your readers, you could indicate this explicitly, or you could explain this in a footnote if you are using them. Alternate translation: “God has saved have put on Christ” or “have believed in Christ have put on Christ” or “have experienced Gods salvation have put on Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:27 di9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε 1 Paul speaks of **Christ** as if he were clothing that those who believe in him have **put on**. Here, when Paul says that all believers have **put on Christ** he means that all believers have identified with him. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning of this phrase plainly as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:27 di9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε 1 Paul speaks of **Christ** as if he were clothing that those who believe in him have **put on**. Here, when Paul says that all believers have **put on Christ** he means that all believers have identified with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning of this phrase plainly, as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:28 srk1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς εἷς ἐστε ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces the reason for why, if someone is a believer in Christ, it is as if there is no longer **Jew nor Greek** or **slave** or **free** or **male** or **female**. If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase, which follows the word **for**, gives the reason for the result that the first part of this verse describes. Alternate translation: “Because you are all one in Christ Jesus, there is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
3:28 tu05 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἔνι Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς εἷς ἐστε ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 In this verse, Pauls point is that people who believe in Christ are no longer divided by racial, social, or gender distinctions but rather now have **one** common identity. This new common identity is that they are now in union with Christ. Paul is not saying that these human distinctions no longer exist, rather he is saying that they now cease to be significant because believers have a new spiritual identity, which is being **in Christ**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “For you who are believers, it is now as if there is neither Jew nor Greek, or slave or free, or male or female” or “For you who believe in Christ, it is now as if there is neither Jew nor Greek, or slave or free, or male or female” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:28 aonk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ & Ἰουδαῖος οὐδὲ Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος οὐδὲ ἐλεύθερος, οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ 1 If your readers would misunderstand these double negatives, you could translate each double negative using only one negative word. Alternate translation: “neither Jew or Greek, there is neither slave or free, there is neither male or female” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ front:intro i6u9 0 # Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
3:28 fy09 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **for** introduces a reason. Use a natural form for introducing the reason for something that was said previously. Alternate translation: “because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
3:28 fakq πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς εἷς ἐστε ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “because all of you are together joined to the Messiah Jesus”
3:28 mppd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς 1 Here, Paul uses the word **one** to indicate that all believers share the same equal position because of their new identity which they have by being **in Christ**. (Paul is further explaining his statement from the previous verse in which he says that all believers have “put on Christ”, meaning that they have a new and common identity which is derived from and centers on Christ). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly what **one** means here. Alternate translation: “one person” or “of one and the same standing” or “of equal standing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:28 pddu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Paul speaks of believers being **in Christ Jesus** as if **Christ Jesus** were a physical location in which someone could be. Here, **in Christ** refers to being spiritually united with Christ in close spiritual union with him. If this might confuse your readers, you could express the meaning of this phrase plainly. Alternative translation: “in close spiritual union with Christ” or “because of your close spiritual union with Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:28 pddu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Paul speaks of believers being **in Christ Jesus** as if **Christ Jesus** were a physical location in which someone could be. Here, **in Christ** refers to being spiritually united with Christ in close spiritual union with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning of this phrase plainly. Alternative translation: “in close spiritual union with Christ” or “because of your close spiritual union with Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:29 lnlp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, Paul is using the word **Now** to introduce new information. Use a natural form for introducing new information. Alternate translation: “And” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
3:29 ovzy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ & ἄρα 1 Paul is using an **if … then” statement to express a hypothetical condition and what the result is for those people who meet the requirement of the condition. Paul is telling the Galatians that **if** they belong to Christ **then** they are Abrahams spiritual descendents. Use a natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical condition. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
3:29 lth0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὑμεῖς & ἐστέ 1 Here, both occurrences of the word **you** are plural and refer to the Galatian believers. Your language may require you to mark these forms as plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ front:intro i6u9 0 # Introduction to Galatians\n\n## Part 1: General Introduc
4:3 rwwj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who was doing the action, Paul says that “the elemental principles of the world” were doing it. See the note on personification regarding **the elemental principles of this world**. Alternate translation: “the elemental principles of the world were enslaving us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:3 cd2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor δεδουλωμένοι 1 Paul speaks of being under the control of **the elemental principles of the world** as if it were slavery. If your readers would not understand what **enslaved** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:3 l0fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπὸ 1 Here, the word **under** means “under the power of” or “under the authority of.” See how you translated the word **under** in [4:2](../04/02.md) where Paul uses it with a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “under the power of” or “under the authority of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:3 v1zo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου & δεδουλωμένοι 1 Here, Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they were a person who could enslave other people. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way as modeled by the UST. Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they have the power to enslave a person but it is actually humans, who do not yet believe in the Messiah, who willing submit to these **elemental principles** and allow themselves to be enslaved. See [5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:3 v1zo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου & δεδουλωμένοι 1 Here, Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they were a person who could enslave other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning plainly, as modeled by the UST. Paul speaks of **the elemental principles of the world** as though they have the power to enslave a person, but it is actually humans, who do not yet believe in the Messiah, who willing submit to these **elemental principles** and allow themselves to be enslaved. See [5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4:3 u462 τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου 1 **the elemental principles of the world** could refer to: (1) the religious and/or moral teachings that people, whether they be a Jew or non-Jew, seek to obey in order to please God and/or think of themselves as praiseworthy and good. (2) the things prescribed by the Mosaic law. 3) spiritual beings which people thought controlled **the world**.
4:4 ogo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 The word **But** is introducing a contrast between the time prior to **when the fullness of time came**, which Paul described before this verse, and the time after **the fullness of time came**, which Paul describes in this verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
4:4 ujfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου 1 The phrase **the fullness of time** means “the right time” or “the time that God appointed.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the right time” or “the designated time” or “the appointed time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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