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tn_PRO.tsv
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tn_PRO.tsv
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@ -3909,14 +3909,14 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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30:33 br10 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּמִ֥יץ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם 1 Here, **squeezing of nostrils** refers to making people angry. The word nostrils means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his nostrils to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and making people foam at the mouth” or “and angering people”
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30:33 fect rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor י֣וֹצִיא רִֽיב 1 Here, Agur refers to causing people to argue as if **strife** were an object that someone **brings out**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes strife between people”
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30:33 qnrg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רִֽיב 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **strife** in [16:28](../16/28.md).
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31:intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\nChapter 31 is the chapter in this book written by Lemuel, who wrote down the advice that his mother told him. Lemuel is only mentioned here in the Bible.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Acrostic poem\n\n[Proverbs 31:10](../31/10.md)–[31](../31/31.md) is a poem in which each line begins with a successive letter of the alphabet in the original language. Using every letter of the language in that way expresses the idea of comprehensiveness and also helps people memorize the poem. In [31:10](../31/10.md)–[31](../31/31.md) the acrostic poem emphasizes that virtuous women demonstrate their virtue in everything that they do. If it is impossible to translate this poem into an acrostic poem in your language, you could use a different way in your language to indicate that these verses are one poem about the same topic. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
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31:intro dd9p 0 # Proverbs 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\nChapter 31 is the chapter in this book written by Lemuel, who wrote down the advice that his mother told him. Within the Bible, here is the only place that Lemuel is mentioned.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Acrostic poem\n\n[Proverbs 31:10](../31/10.md)–[31](../31/31.md) is a poem in which each line begins with a successive letter of the alphabet in the original language. Using every letter of the language in that way expresses the idea of comprehensiveness and also helps people memorize the poem. In [31:10](../31/10.md)–[31](../31/31.md) the acrostic poem emphasizes that virtuous women demonstrate their virtue in everything that they do. If it is impossible to translate this poem into an acrostic poem in your language, you could use a different way in your language to indicate that these verses are one poem about the same topic. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
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31:1 xlg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּ֭בְרֵי 1 See how you translated the same use of **words** in [1:6](../01/06.md).
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31:1 blmf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מַ֝שָּׂ֗א 1 See how you translated the same use of **burden** in [30:1](../30/01.md).
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31:2 ag7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks מַה־בְּ֭רִי 1 [32:2](../32/02.md)–[31](../31/31.md) is a long quotation of what Lemuel’s mother told him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.
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31:2 h9dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי 1 Lemuel’s mother is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “What should I say to you, my son? And what should I say to you, son of my womb? And what should I say to you, son of my vows?”
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31:2 xrr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי 1 These three questions could be: (1) rhetorical questions that Lemuel’s mother asks in order to emphasize that her **son** should listen to what she is about to say. Alternate translation: “This is what I should tell you, my son! And this is what I should tell you, son of my womb! And this is what I should tell you, son of my vows!” (2) exclamations in which **What** is not introducing a question. Alternate translation: “O, my son! O, son of my womb! O, son of my vows!”
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31:2 ye5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י 1 Here, Lemuel’s mother is using the possessive form to describe a **son** whom she had carried in her **womb**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “son whom I carried in my womb”
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31:2 p2hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּר־נְדָרָֽי 1 Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the promise Lemuel’s mother made to dedicate her **son** to God if he allowed her to have a child. Alternate translation: “son whom I dedicated to Yahweh” (2) Lemuel is the result of God hearing his mother’s **vows**, in which case **vows** would refer to prayers. Alternate translation: “son whom I prayed for”
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31:2 p2hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּר־נְדָרָֽי 1 Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the promise Lemuel’s mother made to dedicate her **son** to God if he allowed her to have a child. Alternate translation: “son whom I dedicated to Yahweh” (2) Lemuel is the result of God hearing his mother’s **vows**, in which case **vows** would refer to prayers. Alternate translation: “son for whom I prayed”
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31:3 irw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן לַנָּשִׁ֣ים חֵילֶ֑ךָ 1 Lemuel’s mother is referring to sex in a polite way by using the phrase **give your strength to women**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not tire yourself out with women” or “Do not waste your energy on having sex with women”
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31:3 rbvl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝דְרָכֶ֗יךָ 1 Here, **your ways** could mean: (1) the same as **your strength** in the previous clause, which is parallel to this clause. Alternate translation: “or your vigor” (2) a person’s regular behavior, which is what **ways** usually means in Proverbs. Alternate translation: “or what you do”
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31:3 tuq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽמְח֥וֹת מְלָכִֽין 1 The parallelism between this clause and the previous clause indicates that this phrase refers to **women** who **cause kings to be wiped out**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to those women who cause kings to be wiped out”
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@ -3955,29 +3955,29 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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31:12 czv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ט֣וֹב וְלֹא־רָ֑ע 1 The expressions**good** and **not evil** mean the same thing. Lemuel’s mother is using the two expressions together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “extremely good”
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31:12 uvlp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חַיֶּֽיה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
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31:13 dukg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דָּ֭רְשָׁה 1 The fact that she **works** in the next clause indicates that this woman finds what she **searches** for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She finds”
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31:13 usy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צֶ֣מֶר 1 The term **wool** refers to the hair of sheep, which was used to make warm clothing for winter. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of material, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “warm fabric” or “material to make into winter clothing”
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31:13 xs1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּפִשְׁתִּ֑ים 1 The term **linens** refers to a type of plant that was used to make cool clothing for summer. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of material, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “cool fabric” or “material to make into summer clothing”
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31:13 usy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown צֶ֣מֶר 1 The term **wool** refers to the hair of sheep, which was used to make warm clothing for winter. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of material, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “warm fabric” or “material to make into winter clothing”
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31:13 xs1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּפִשְׁתִּ֑ים 1 The term **linens** refers to a type of plant that was used to make cool clothing for summer. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of material, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “cool fabric” or “material to make into summer clothing”
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31:13 mupw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֝תַּ֗עַשׂ 1 Here, **works** refers to making clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and makes clothing”
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31:13 n9qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּחֵ֣פֶץ כַּפֶּֽיהָ 1 Here, Lemuel’s mother speaks of this woman feeling **delight** while she uses **her palms** to make clothing as if **her palms** were people who feel that **delight**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “delightfully with her palms”
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31:14 h984 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure הָ֭יְתָה כָּאֳנִיּ֣וֹת סוֹחֵ֑ר מִ֝מֶּרְחָ֗ק תָּבִ֥יא לַחְמָֽהּ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She brings her bread from far away, like the ships of a merchant”
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31:14 pji9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לַחְמָֽהּ 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
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31:15 t7y0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּע֬וֹד לַ֗יְלָה 1 Here, **night** refers to the time before the sun rises in the morning, not the middle of the night. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “while it is still dark” or “before the sun rises”
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31:15 t7y0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּע֬וֹד לַ֗יְלָה 1 Here, **while still night** refers to the time before the sun rises in the morning, not the middle of the night. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “while it is still dark” or “before the sun rises”
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31:15 bavq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וַתִּתֵּ֣ן 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the purpose for the woman rising **while still night**. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of giving”
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31:15 szxz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְבֵיתָ֑הּ 1 Here, **house** represents the family who lives in **her house**. See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
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31:15 ajq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝חֹ֗ק 1 Here, **portion** refers to **a portion** of **food**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and a portion of food”
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31:15 ofk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְנַעֲרֹתֶֽיהָ 1 Here, **young women** refers to female servants who serve this woman and live in her home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to her servant girls”
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31:16 wkld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זָמְמָ֣ה שָׂ֭דֶה 1 Here, **considers** refers to planning carefully before buying **a field**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She considers carefully about buying a field”
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31:16 fgc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִפְּרִ֥י כַ֝פֶּ֗יהָ 1 Here, **the fruit of her palms** refers to the money that the woman has earned by selling the clothing she made with **her palms** in [31:13](../31/13.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the money she has earned”
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31:17 vv53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חָֽגְרָ֣ה & מָתְנֶ֑יהָ 1 The phrase **girds her loins** refers to preparing to do work, which involved tying up the loose ends of one’s clothes with a belt so that the clothes do not get in the person’s way while working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself to work”
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31:17 vv53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חָֽגְרָ֣ה & מָתְנֶ֑יהָ 1 The phrase **girds her loins** refers to preparing to do work; this act involved tying up the loose ends of one’s clothes with a belt so that the clothes do not get in the person’s way while working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself to work”
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31:17 srsr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְע֣וֹז 1 Here, **strength** indicates the manner by which she **girds her loins**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in a strong manner” or “strongly”
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31:17 fn86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ֝תְּאַמֵּ֗ץ זְרֹעוֹתֶֽיהָ 1 Here, Lemuel’s mother implies that this woman **strengthens her arms** by working hard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she strengthens her arms by doing hard work”
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31:18 rzhh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns סַחְרָ֑הּ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **profit** in [3:14](../03/14.md).
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31:18 os5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה בַלַּ֣יְלָה נֵרָֽהּ 1 Here, Lemuel’s mother implies that this woman’s **lamp does not go out** because the woman is working. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “her lamp does not go out in the night because she is working”
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31:18 jpw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole לֹֽא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה בַלַּ֣יְלָה נֵרָֽהּ 1 Lemuel’s mother uses this clause as an overstatement in order emphasize that such a woman works until late at **night**, but not necessarily all **night** long. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp late the night as she works”
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31:18 jpw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole לֹֽא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה בַלַּ֣יְלָה נֵרָֽהּ 1 Lemuel’s mother uses this clause as an overstatement in order emphasize that such a woman works until late at **night**, but not necessarily all **night** long. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “she uses a lamp to work until late a night”
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31:19 cx1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָ֭דֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָ֣ה בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר וְ֝כַפֶּ֗יהָ תָּ֣מְכוּ פָֽלֶךְ 1 This verse refers to the process of making thread, which is used to make clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She stretches out her hands at the distaff, and she grasps the spindle in order to make thread”
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31:19 yb1d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָ֭דֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָ֣ה בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר 1 Here, **stretches out her hands** means to holding something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She takes hold of the distaff”
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31:19 d3iv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר 1 The word **distaff** refers to a thin rod with pointed ends that is used to make thread. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tool, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the tool for making thread”
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31:19 cumc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown פָֽלֶךְ 1 The word **spindle** refers to a piece of wood that someone wraps thread around when making thread. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tool, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the tool for holding thread”
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31:19 cumc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown פָֽלֶךְ 1 The word **spindle** refers to a piece of wood around which someone wraps the thread when making thread. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tool, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the tool for holding thread”
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31:20 en6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כַּ֭פָּהּ פָּרְשָׂ֣ה לֶעָנִ֑י וְ֝יָדֶ֗יהָ שִׁלְּחָ֥ה לָֽאֶבְיֽוֹן 1 The phrases **spreads out her palm** and **stretches out her hands** both refer to helping someone by using one’s hands to give something to that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She helps the afflicted one, and she helps the poor one”
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31:20 s1we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֶעָנִ֑י & לָֽאֶבְיֽוֹן 1 See how you translated **the afflicted one** in [15:15](../15/15.md) and **poor one** in [13:8](../13/08.md).
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31:21 j971 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְבֵיתָ֣הּ & כָל־בֵּ֝יתָ֗הּ 1 See how you translated the same use of **her house** in [31:15](../31/15.md).
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@ -3997,7 +3997,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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31:24 q4ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר 1 Lemuel’s mother is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and sells that garment”
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31:24 ghw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נָתְנָ֥ה 1 Here, **gives** means that she supplies this **belt** to someone who pays her for the item and then sells it to others. She gives not give the **belt** away for free. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she supplies”
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31:24 hdu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי 1 Here, **Canaanite** refers specifically to **Canaanite** traders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the Canaanite trader” or “to someone who trades goods”
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31:25 k3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֹז־וְהָדָ֥ר לְבוּשָׁ֑הּ 1 Here, Lemuel’s mother speaks of this woman having **Strength and splendor** that other people notice as if she were wearing those qualities as **clothing** that other people could see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Everyone notices her strength and splendor” or “People notice her strength and splendor as if they were her clothing”
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31:25 k3bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֹז־וְהָדָ֥ר לְבוּשָׁ֑הּ 1 Here Lemuel’s mother speaks of this woman having **Strength and splendor** that other people notice. It's as if she were wearing those qualities as **clothing** that other people could see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Everyone notices her strength and splendor” or “People notice her strength and splendor as if they were her clothing”
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31:25 o0we rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֹז־וְהָדָ֥ר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Strength** in [5:10](../05/10.md) and **splendor** in [4:9](../04/09.md).
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31:25 a29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ֝תִּשְׂחַ֗ק לְי֣וֹם אַחֲרֽוֹן 1 Here, the woman **laughs** because she feels confident and cheerful about what will happen in the future. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she is confident about a future day”
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31:25 o4xb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְי֣וֹם אַחֲרֽוֹן 1 Here, **a future day** refers to what will happen in the future. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at what will happen in the future”
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