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@ -2684,71 +2684,136 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
21:31 i6w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠י֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 Here, **day** refers to a point in time when something happens. It does not refer to a 24-hour length of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the time of battle”\n
21:31 r9z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ⁠תְּשׁוּעָֽה 1 Here, **the salvation** refers to being saved from defeat in **battle**, which is another way of saying “the victory.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the victory” or “being saved from defeat”
21:31 sesx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ֝⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to indicate that **Yahweh** is the source of **the salvation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but … is from Yahweh”
22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n\nChapter 22 concludes the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Solomon wrote all 375 proverbs in [10:1](../10/01.md)–[22:16](../22/16.md), and an unknown group of people called “the wise ones” wrote [22:17](../22/17.md)–[24:22](../24/22.md).\n\nThis section written by “the wise ones” contains some longer proverbs, as in [22:20](../22/20.md)–[27](../22/27.md).\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 22 also contains contrasting parallelism ([22:3](../22/03.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([22:1](../22/01.md), [24](../22/24.md), [26](../22/26.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [22:20](../22/20.md)–[21](../22/21.md) and [27](../22/27.md), the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n
22:1 but9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִבְחָ֣ר שֵׁ֭ם 1 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches”
22:1 m8c7 A good name 0 Alternate translation: “To have others think that one is a good person”
22:3 nt9p A prudent man 0 “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
22:5 e8f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse 0 The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.”
22:5 r2h1 snares 0 traps to catch animals
22:5 dku9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the perverse 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people”
22:5 f1ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor whoever guards his life 0 A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time”
22:6 je4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the way he should go 0 How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live”
22:7 dk14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit borrows … lends 0 You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money”
22:8 l36j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He who sows injustice will reap trouble 0 The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on”
22:8 htf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the rod of his fury will fade away 0 The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people”
22:8 kpt4 will fade away 0 The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
22:9 nxi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The one who has a generous eye will be blessed 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye”
22:9 zhf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one who has a generous eye 0 The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:9 vs46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bread 0 Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general.
22:10 t6nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns disputes and insults will cease 0 The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other”
22:11 xzb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche loves a pure heart 0 It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure”
22:11 tlq4 is gracious 0 Alternate translation: “is kind”
22:12 swt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over 0 The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:12 s2lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy keep watch over knowledge 0 Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge”
22:12 zw3l he overthrows 0 Alternate translation: “he destroys”
22:12 q7yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the treacherous 0 The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person”
22:13 jg67 The lazy person says 0 The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
22:14 eq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit 0 The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:14 xrc5 an adulteress 0 See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
22:14 l326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh’s anger is stirred up 0 Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry”
22:14 fin1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor falls into it 0 Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress”
22:15 fuj4 Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child 0 Alternate translation: “The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
22:15 j283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the rod of discipline 0 The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod.
22:15 dk18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor drives it far away 0 The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise”
22:16 w7rc to increase his wealth 0 Alternate translation: “to become richer” or “to gain more money”
22:16 fm7f gives to rich people 0 Alternate translation: “gives money to rich people”
22:16 d4td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will come to poverty 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor”
22:17 nnv4 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
22:17 lgs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Incline your ear and listen 0 Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:17 l38x the words of the wise 0 Alternate translation: “what wise people say”
22:17 pi8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom apply your heart to 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember”
22:17 i9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns my knowledge 0 The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know”
22:18 nl9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all of them are ready on your lips 0 The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time”
22:19 wr39 today—even to you 0 “today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
22:20 bb5s 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
22:20 q77c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants thirty sayings 0 Some translations read, “excellent sayings.”
22:21 q8xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion to teach you … who sent you? 0 These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.”
22:21 l5jf to those who sent you 0 This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
22:22 aq5t Do not rob … or crush 0 If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
22:22 su1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people”
22:22 ws7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the needy 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live”
22:22 z1ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at the gate 0 The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court”
22:23 a2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will plead their case 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice”
22:23 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will rob of life those who robbed them 0 Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people”
22:24 cpi3 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:24 w16m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor someone who is ruled by anger 0 someone who is unable to control his anger
22:24 cc8z rages 0 shows violent anger
22:25 s2i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will take bait for your soul 0 A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape”
22:25 jh2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy bait for your soul 0 The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you”
22:26 ftq6 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:26 rnd6 strikes hands 0 A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts.
22:26 wt7u in making a pledge 0 Alternate translation: “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
22:28 tb1b 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:28 g63s ancient 0 very old
22:28 djq5 boundary stone 0 a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins
22:28 j4id fathers 0 ancestors
22:29 y4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you see a man skilled at his work? 0 This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work”
22:29 e6ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy stand before 0 This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services.
22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n * Introduction to the sayings (22:17–21)\n * The sayings (22:22–24:22)\n\nChapter 22 concludes the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Solomon wrote all 375 proverbs in [10:1](../10/01.md)–[22:16](../22/16.md), and an unknown group of people called “the wise ones” wrote [22:22](../22/22.md)–[24:22](../24/22.md).\n\nThis section written by “the wise ones” contains some longer proverbs, as in [22:22](../22/22.md)–[27](../22/27.md). This section seems to be introduced by Solomon himself in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[21](../22/21.md)\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 22 also contains contrasting parallelism ([22:3](../22/03.md), [12](../22/12.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([22:1](../22/01.md), [24](../22/24.md), [26](../22/26.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [22:20](../22/20.md)–[21](../22/21.md) and [27](../22/27.md), the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n
22:1 kpvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism נִבְחָ֣ר שֵׁ֭ם מֵ⁠עֹ֣שֶׁר רָ֑ב מִ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף וּ֝⁠מִ⁠זָּהָ֗ב חֵ֣ן טֽוֹב 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A name is to be chosen more than abundant riches; yes, favor is better than silver and than gold”
22:1 m8c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֵׁ֭ם 1 Here, **name** refers to a person’s reputation. Solomon implies that it is a good reputation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A good reputation”
22:1 but9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִבְחָ֣ר שֵׁ֭ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name”
22:1 m6oz מִ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף וּ֝⁠מִ⁠זָּהָ֗ב חֵ֣ן טֽוֹב 1 This clause could also be translated as “good favor more than silver and than gold,” with **is to be chosen** implied from the previous clause. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. Alternate translation: “good favor is to be chosen more than silver and than gold” or “people should choose being favored by others more than having silver and gold”\n
22:1 iqch rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף וּ֝⁠מִ⁠זָּהָ֗ב חֵ֣ן טֽוֹב 1 Here, Solomon refers to having **favor**, **silver**, and **gold**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having favor is better than having silver and gold”
22:1 y37e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֵ֣ן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
22:2 z2v0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָשִׁ֣יר וָ⁠רָ֣שׁ 1 **A rich one** and **a poor one** represent types of people in general, not a particular **rich one** and **poor one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any wise person and any rich person”
22:2 ddrc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִפְגָּ֑שׁוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people having something in common as if those people **meet together**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have something in common”
22:3 nt9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָר֤וּם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:16](../12/16.md).
22:3 d30l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָעָ֣ה 1 Here, evil refers to danger caused by something **evil** happening. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “danger”\n
22:3 wtg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָבְר֥וּ 1 Here, **pass on** contrasts with **sees evil** in the previous clause to indicate that **naive ones** walk right into a dangerous situation without noticing that they are in danger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “unknowingly walk into a dangerous situation”
22:3 lxyr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְֽ⁠נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they pay a penalty”
22:3 ics6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְֽ⁠נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ 1 Here, **fined** refers to experiencing the negative consequences of not avoiding danger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and they experience the consequences”\n
22:4 ii8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲ֭נָוָה יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 This could mean: (1) **humility** here refers specifically to **the fear of Yahweh**, as also suggested by the parallelism of these expressions in [15:33](../15/33.md). Alternate translation: “humility, that is, the fear of Yahweh” (2) **humility** and **the fear of Yahweh** are two different things. Alternate translation: “humility and the fear of Yahweh”
22:4 ncqn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲ֭נָוָה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **humility** in [15:33](../15/33.md).
22:4 es97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md).
22:4 k6yx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֹ֖שֶׁר וְ⁠כָב֣וֹד 1 See how you translated **riches and honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md).
22:4 glpw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠חַיִּֽים 1 Here, **life** refers to a long **life**. See how you translated the same use of **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
22:5 r2h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ עִקֵּ֑שׁ שׁוֹמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **the way**, **the crooked one**, and **one who guards his life** represent ways and types of people in general, not a specific **way** or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “are in the ways of the crooked ones; those who guard their lives”\n
22:5 e8f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor צִנִּ֣ים פַּ֭חִים בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ עִקֵּ֑שׁ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of bad things that **the crooked one** will experience during his lifetime as if his life were a path with **Thorns** and **traps** on it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **way** in [15:19](../15/19.md). Alternate translation: “The crooked one will experience many troubles during his lifetime” or “The crooked one will have a difficult life”
22:5 x9ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִקֵּ֑שׁ 1 Here, Solomon uses the **crooked** to refer to being deceptive. See how you translated the same use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
22:5 bj91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast שׁוֹמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 The content of this clause is in contrast to the content of the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, one who guards his life”\n
22:5 dku9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שׁוֹמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person who wants to stay alive as if **his life** were something that he **guards**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase “protects his life” in [16:17](../16/17.md). Alternate translation: “one who keeps himself alive”\n
22:5 f1ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵ⁠הֶֽם 1 Here, **them** refers to the **Thorns** and **traps** mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from those thorns and traps”
22:6 kt3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַ֭⁠נַּעַר & דַרְכּ֑⁠וֹ & יַ֝זְקִ֗ין לֹֽא־יָס֥וּר 1 Here, **the young man**, **his**, and **he** refer to **young** people in general, not a specific **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any young person … that person’s way … that person is old, that person will not turn away”
22:6 je4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַל־פִּ֣י דַרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **way** refers to how a person behaves, as in [1:15](../01/15.md). The phrase **according to his way** could mean: (1) the way **the young man** should behave. Alternate translation: “to live how he should live” (2) the way **the young man** is already behaving, in which case **Train up** is an ironic use of a command and this verse would be a warning against letting a young person live however they want. Alternate translation: “to live according to how he is living”
22:6 v87b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־יָס֥וּר מִמֶּֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person continuing to behave a certain way as if that person were not turning **away from** that behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the phrase **turn away from** in [3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “he will continue behaving that way”\n
22:7 dk14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָ֭שִׁיר & וְ⁠עֶ֥בֶד לֹ֝וֶ֗ה לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מַלְוֶֽה 1 **A rich one**, **a borrower**, **a slave**, and **a man who lends** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any rich person … and any borrower is a slave to any person who lends”
22:7 z9lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠עֶ֥בֶד לֹ֝וֶ֗ה לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ מַלְוֶֽה 1 Here, Solomon implies that the **borrower** is borrowing money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and a borrower of money is a slave to a man who lends money”
22:8 kpt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun זוֹרֵ֣עַ עַ֭וְלָה & עֶבְרָת֣⁠וֹ 1 **A sower of iniquity** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any sower of iniquity … that person’s rage”
22:8 l36j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זוֹרֵ֣עַ עַ֭וְלָה יקצור־אָ֑וֶן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone who does **iniquity** experiencing **disaster** as if **iniquity** were a seed that he plants and **disaster** were the plant that the seed becomes and that he harvests. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “A doer of iniquity will experience the consequences” or “A doer of iniquity will experience disaster like someone who reaps the crops from the seeds he planted”
22:8 iykp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַ֭וְלָה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **iniquity** in [6:12](../06/12.md).
22:8 sjnx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠שֵׁ֖בֶט עֶבְרָת֣⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rod** that a **sower of iniquity** uses to express his **rage** by oppressing people. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and the rod he uses to oppressively express his rage”
22:8 htf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שֵׁ֖בֶט 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s authority over other people as if it were a **rod**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the authority of”
22:9 cdse rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun טֽוֹב־עַ֭יִן ה֣וּא & נָתַ֖ן מִ⁠לַּחְמ֣⁠וֹ 1 **The one good of eye**, **he**, and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person good of eye, that person … that person gives from that person’s own bread”
22:9 zhf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy טֽוֹב־עַ֭יִן 1 Here, **good of eye** refers to seeing what other people need and generously helping them. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The generous one” or “The person who is generous to those in need”
22:9 nxi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ה֣וּא יְבֹרָ֑ךְ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless him”
22:9 vs46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠לַּחְמ֣⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).\n
22:9 vzvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠דָּֽל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
22:10 bgph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֭ץ 1 See how you translated **a mocker** in [9:7](../09/07.md)
22:10 t6nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָד֑וֹן & וְ⁠קָלֽוֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **strife** in [16:28](../16/28.md) and **dishonor** in [3:35](../03/35.md).
22:10 rxpn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יֵצֵ֣א מָד֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **strife** as if it were a person who could **go out** from a place. He means that **strife** will cease. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and strife will cease”\n
22:10 e1t0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דִּ֣ין 1 Here, **judgment** could refer to: (1) arguments or quarrels in general. Alternate translation: “argument” (2) lawsuits in a legal court. Alternate translation: “lawsuit”
22:11 lzto rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֹהֵ֥ב & שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו רֵעֵ֥⁠הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ 1 **One who loves**, **his**, and **the king** refer to these types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural phrases. Alternate translation: “Any person who loves … that person’s lips … any king is that person’s friend”
22:11 xzb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֹהֵ֥ב טהור־לֵ֑ב 1 This phrase refers to a person who wants to have **pure** thoughts and **heart** refers to that person’s mind or thoughts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “One who wants to have a pure mind”
22:11 tlq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md).\n
22:12 swt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה 1 This phrase refers to **Yahweh** himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
22:12 s2lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נָ֣צְרוּ דָ֑עַת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **knowledge** as if it were an object that Yahweh guards. He means that **Yahweh** prevents the content of true **knowledge** from being forgotten. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “prevents true knowledge from being forgotten”\n
22:12 zw3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ֝⁠יְסַלֵּ֗ף 1 Here, Solomon refers to **Yahweh** preventing **the words** of **treacherous** people from accomplishing their purposes as if **he overturns** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he prevents the success of”\n
22:12 yybm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֥י 1 See how you translated the similar use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
22:12 tbpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בֹגֵֽד 1 Here, **one who is treacherous** refers to this type of person in general, not a specific **treacherous** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “any person who is treacherous”
22:13 jg67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָ֭צֵל 1 See how you translated this phrase in [13:4](../13/04.md).
22:13 fp93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations אָמַ֣ר & אֲרִ֣י בַ⁠ח֑וּץ בְּ⁠ת֥וֹךְ רְ֝חֹב֗וֹת אֵֽרָצֵֽחַ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that a lion is outside and he will be killed in the midst of the open areas”
22:13 iq3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָמַ֣ר 1 In this verse, Solomon implies that what the **lazy one** says is not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “says falsely”
22:13 mrva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֵֽרָצֵֽחַ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The lion will kill me”
22:13 lqbb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵֽרָצֵֽחַ 1 Here, the **lazy one** implies that he **will be killed** if he goes outside. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “If I go outside, then I will be killed”
22:14 r1mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פִּ֣י זָר֑וֹת זְע֥וּם יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 **The mouth**, **a strange woman**, and **one cursed of Yahweh** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Mouths of strange women … people who are cursed of Yahweh”
22:14 xka4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֣י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to the seductive things that **a strange woman** says with her **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The seductive speech of”
22:14 xrc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זָר֑וֹת 1 See how you translated this phrase in [2:16](../02/16.md).
22:14 eq5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שׁוּחָ֣ה עֲ֭מֻקָּה & יפול־שָֽׁם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the danger of obeying the seductive speech of **a strange woman** as if it were **a deep pit** that a person could **fall** into and die if they obeyed that speech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “is extremely dangerous … will die because of it” or “is dangerous like a deep pit … will fall there and die”
22:14 l326 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive זְע֥וּם יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one whom Yahweh has cursed”
22:15 fuj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִ֭וֶּלֶת & מ֝וּסָ֗ר 1 See how you translate the abstract nouns **Folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md) and **discipline** in [13:24](../13/24.md).
22:15 ywtt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְשׁוּרָ֣ה בְ⁠לֶב 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a young man** inherently thinking foolishly as if **Folly** were an object **bound up** in that person’s **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is inherently within the mind of”
22:15 ckwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠לֶב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
22:15 u8h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נָ֑עַר & מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **a young man** and **him** refer to a child in general, not a specific **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any child … from that child”\n
22:15 j283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֵׁ֥בֶט מ֝וּסָ֗ר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rod** that is used to **discipline** someone. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the rod used for discipline”
22:15 eweg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֵׁ֥בֶט 1 See how you translated the same use of **rod** in [10:13](../10/13.md) and [13:24](../13/24.md).
22:15 dk18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַרְחִיקֶ֥⁠נָּה מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **discipline** causing a child to stop being foolish as if **Folly** were an object that **the rod of discipline** could cause to go **far away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in him ceasing from folly”
22:16 w7rc עֹ֣שֵֽׁק דָּ֭ל לְ⁠הַרְבּ֣וֹת ל֑⁠וֹ נֹתֵ֥ן לְ֝⁠עָשִׁ֗יר 1 **One who oppresses**, **a lowly one**, **himself**, **one who gives**, and **a rich one** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural phrases. Alternate translation: “Any person who oppresses any lowly person to increase for himself, any person who gives to any rich person”
22:16 fm7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּ֭ל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
22:16 grcp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לְ⁠הַרְבּ֣וֹת 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to increase wealth”\n
22:16 ra2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נֹתֵ֥ן לְ֝⁠עָשִׁ֗יר 1 This phrase refers to someone who does a different activity than the person described in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
22:16 rf0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נֹתֵ֥ן לְ֝⁠עָשִׁ֗יר 1 Solomon is leaving out some words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context and previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “one who gives gifts to a rich one to increase wealth”
22:16 d4td rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ⁠מַחְסֽוֹר 1 Here, **will be to** indicates that what follows is the result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “will result in poverty”
22:17 lgs9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַ֥ט אָזְנְ⁠ךָ֗ וּ֭⁠שְׁמַע 1 This phrase means “listen carefully.” See how you translated the same use of the shorter phrase **Incline your ear** in [4:20](../04/20.md).
22:17 l38x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֑ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:6](../01/06.md).
22:17 pi8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝⁠לִבְּ⁠ךָ֗ תָּשִׁ֥ית לְ⁠דַעְתִּֽ⁠י 1 Here, **set your heart to** is an idiom that means “think carefully about.” The word **heart** here refers to a person’s mind, as in [2:2](../02/02.md). If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you must think carefully about my knowledge”
22:17 i9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠דַעְתִּֽ⁠י 1 Here, **knowledge** refers to the **knowledge** that Solomon wants his readers to know. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “to what I want you to know”
22:18 kz1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do these things because”\n
22:18 a5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִשְׁמְרֵ֣⁠ם בְּ⁠בִטְנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of remembering something as if it were an object that someone should **keep** inside that person’s **inner parts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you remember them”
22:18 zaoj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תִשְׁמְרֵ֣⁠ם & יִכֹּ֥נוּ 1 Here, **them** and **they** refer to “the words of the wise” and “my knowledge” in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you keep those words … those words are ready”
22:18 av27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִכֹּ֥נוּ יַ֝חְדָּ֗ו עַל־שְׂפָתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 This clause refers to an additional condition for **it** being **pleasant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
22:18 nl9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִכֹּ֥נוּ יַ֝חְדָּ֗ו עַל־שְׂפָתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone always being able to repeat “the words of the wise” as if they were objects **on** someone’s **lips** that **are ready** to come out. if it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and if you are prepared to say them all”
22:19 xrwq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לִ⁠הְי֣וֹת & מִבְטַחֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the purpose for the second clause in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a purpose for what comes after. Alternate translation: “In order for your trust to be”
22:19 a02b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense הוֹדַעְתִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Solomon uses the past tense here in order to refer to something that is happening while he is writing these verses, which is the time he calls **today**. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the present tense. Alternate translation: “I am causing you to know”
22:19 w6fc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הוֹדַעְתִּ֖י⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from [22:17](../22/17.md) if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I have caused you to know the words of the wise”
22:19 wr39 אַף־אָֽתָּה 1 Here, Solomon repeats **you** to emphasize to whom he is teaching these proverbs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “yes, I have taught you”
22:20 bb5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לֹ֤א כָתַ֣בְתִּי 1 This phrase indicates that Solomon is using the question form in this verse and the next verse in order to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I have surely written”
22:20 gv66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense הֲ⁠לֹ֤א כָתַ֣בְתִּי 1 Solomon uses the past tense here in order to refer to something that is happening while he is writing these verses, which is the time he calls **today** in the previous verse. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the present tense. Alternate translation: “Am I not writing”
22:20 q77c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants שָׁלִישִׁ֑ים 1 Some ancient manuscripts read, “excellent sayings.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
22:20 ukub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠מ֖וֹעֵצֹ֣ת וָ⁠דָֽעַת 1 Here, **counsels and knowledge** refer to what the **thirty things** are. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that are counsels and knowledge”
22:20 s3i2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠מ֖וֹעֵצֹ֣ת וָ⁠דָֽעַת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **counsels** and **knowledge**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “that can counsel you and make you knowledgeable”
22:21 q8xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לְ⁠הוֹדִֽיעֲ⁠ךָ֗ 1 This verse continues the rhetorical question that began in the previous verse. If you divide these two verses into separate sentences, then you will need to repeat part of the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “I have surely written these things to cause you to know”
22:21 d5sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קֹ֭שְׁטְ & אֱמֶ֑ת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **truth** in [8:7](../08/07.md) and **trustworthiness** in [3:3](../03/03.md).
22:21 jl39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִמְרֵ֣י אֱמֶ֑ת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **words** that are characterized by **trustworthiness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the trustworthy words”
22:21 r2f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אִמְרֵ֣י & אֲמָרִ֥ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
22:21 ygvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לְ⁠הָשִׁ֥יב 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is a second purpose for Solomon writing these “words of the wise”. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a second purpose. Alternate translation: “and to return”
22:21 f7m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠הָשִׁ֥יב 1 Here, Solomon refers to replying to someone with **trustworthy words** as if they were objects that one returns to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to reply with”
22:21 l5jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠שֹׁלְחֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon implies that he is speaking to a messenger whom his master has **sent**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to your master who sent you”
22:22 aq5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun דָּ֭ל & דַל־ה֑וּא & עָנִ֣י 1 Here, **a lowly one**, **he**, and **an afflicted one** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any lowly person … that person is lowly … any afflicted person”
22:22 su1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּ֭ל & דַל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
22:22 ws7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַל־תְּדַכֵּ֖א 1 Here, the writer refers to oppressing **an afflicted one** as if someone were crushing that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
22:22 z1ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַ⁠שָּֽׁעַר 1 Here, **the gate** refers to place in a city where people settled legal arguments (see [Ruth 4:1–12](../rut/04/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the place for legal arguments”\n
22:23 a2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְ֭הוָה יָרִ֣יב רִיבָ֑⁠ם 1 Here, the writer refers to **Yahweh** protecting “an afflicted one” as if he were a lawyer defending that person in court. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect them” or “Yahweh will protect them like a lawyer who defends them in court”
22:23 ied3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns רִיבָ֑⁠ם & קֹבְעֵי⁠הֶ֣ם 1 In this verse, **their** and **them** refer to the afflicted and poor people referenced in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the dispute of poor people … those who plunder poor people”
22:23 c70k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רִיבָ֑⁠ם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **dispute** in [15:18](../15/18.md).
22:23 m5k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠קָבַ֖ע & נָֽפֶשׁ 1 Here, the writer refers to **Yahweh**killing a person who tries to **plunder** a poor person as if he were a thief who plunders that person’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will cause to die”
22:24 w16m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תִּ֭תְרַע אֶת־בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף וְ⁠אֶת־אִ֥ישׁ חֵ֝מוֹת לֹ֣א תָבֽוֹא 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not befriend an owner of nose, yes, do not go with a man of heat”
22:24 e6fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף & אִ֥ישׁ חֵ֝מוֹת 1 Here, **an owner of nose** and **a man of heat** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any owner of nose … any person of heat”
22:24 cpi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בַּ֣עַל אָ֑ף 1 The phrase is an idiom that refers to a person who is characteristically angry. The word **nose** means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his **nose**. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “an angry person”\n
22:24 cc8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אִ֥ישׁ חֵ֝מוֹת 1 See how you translated this phrase in [15:18](../15/18.md).
22:25 srzt rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases פֶּן 1 Here, **lest** indicates that this verse continues the sentence that began in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not do that, lest”
22:25 jz7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֶּאֱלַ֥ף אֹֽרְחֹתָ֑יו 1 Here, the writer speaks of someone behaving like someone else as if that person **learns** the **paths** which the other person walks on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **paths** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “you behave like him”
22:25 s2i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠לָקַחְתָּ֖ מוֹקֵ֣שׁ לְ⁠נַפְשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 Here, the writer speaks of a person causing his life to be in danger as if that person were an animal that gets caught in a **snare**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and you will put your life in danger” or “and you will be like an animal that gets caught in a snare and cannot escape”
22:26 ftq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְ⁠תֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף בַּ֝⁠עֹרְבִ֗ים מַשָּׁאֽוֹת 1 In the second clause, the writer is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not be among those who clasp a palm; do not be among those who pledge for loans”
22:26 gmwt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְ⁠תֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף בַּ֝⁠עֹרְבִ֗ים מַשָּׁאֽוֹת 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not be among those who clasp a palm, yes, do not be among those who pledge for loans”
22:26 aq44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תְּהִ֥י בְ⁠תֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף 1 The phrase **do not be among** refers to not participating in what **those who clasp a palm** do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not be like those who clasp a palm” or “Do not clasp a palm”
22:26 rnd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְ⁠תֹֽקְעֵי־כָ֑ף 1 See how you translated the same idiom in [6:1](../06/01.md) and [17:18](../17/18.md).
22:26 wt7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ֝⁠עֹרְבִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **pledge** in [6:1](../06/01.md).
22:27 r204 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אִם 1 This verse gives a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because if”\n
22:27 p5uf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵֽין־לְ⁠ךָ֥ לְ⁠שַׁלֵּ֑ם 1 Here, the writer is referring to repaying the loans mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “there is no money for you to repay the loan”
22:27 cwjf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָ֥⁠מָּה יִקַּ֥ח מִ֝שְׁכָּבְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠תַּחְתֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 The writing is using the question form to emphasize what will happen if a person cannot repay a loan for someone else. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “surely he will take away your bed from under you!”
22:27 y5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִקַּ֥ח מִ֝שְׁכָּבְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠תַּחְתֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 This clause refers to a person who loaned money taking away the **bed** of someone because that person was unable to pay the loan that he had promised to pay for someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “should the lender take away your bed from under you because you were not able to repay the loan”
22:28 hrlp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תַּ֭סֵּג גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם 1 The writer implies that someone moves the **ancient boundary** in order to cheat the landowner by changing the boundaries of his land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not cheat a landowner by moving the ancient boundary”
22:28 tb1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown גְּב֣וּל עוֹלָ֑ם 1 The phrase **ancient boundary** refers to stones that people used to mark the boundaries of the land that they owned. These boundaries were **ancient** because they were originally placed by the landowner's ancestors. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of **boundary** marker, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the stones placed long ago that mark the borders of someone’s land”
22:28 j4id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **fathers** means “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
22:29 y4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָזִ֡יתָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **Behold** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
22:29 uljc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֤ישׁ ׀ מָ֘הִ֤יר בִּ⁠מְלַאכְתּ֗⁠וֹ & יִתְיַצָּ֑ב & בַּל־יִ֝תְיַצֵּב 1 Here, **a skilled man**, **his**, **he**, and **himself** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “people skilled in their work; those people will station themselves … they will not station themselves”
22:29 tf37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִֽ⁠פְנֵֽי & יִתְיַצָּ֑ב בַּל־יִ֝תְיַצֵּב לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 The phrase **station himself before the face of** is an idiom that means “to enter the service of.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will enter the service of … he will not enter the service of”
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n
23:1 z181 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:2 lu62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole put a knife to your throat 0 Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

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