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chrisSmith more updates to JOS 12 16 (#3902) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3902
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@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
12:2 g2p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Amorite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Amorite**. He means Amorites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Amorites”
12:2 i7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ruling from Aroer, which {is} on the lip of the wadi of Arnon, and the middle of the wadi and half of Gilead and unto the Jabbok wadi, the border of the sons of Ammon, 1 Since the expression **half of Gilead** summarizes what the rest of the verse says, it may be more natural in your language to put this expression at the end of the verse. Alternate translation: “ruling from the middle of the wadi of Arnon, including Aroer on the lip of the wadi, and unto the Jabbok wadi, the border of the sons of Ammon; in all, half of Gilead”
12:2 n3m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the word **Aroer** is the name of a city, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
12:2 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lip 1 The author is speaking as if this **wadi** were something that had a **lip**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “edge”
12:2 j052 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lip 1 The author is speaking as if this **wadi** were something that had a **lip**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “edge”
12:3 i2n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure and the Arabah unto the Sea of Kinnereth from the sunrise and unto the Sea of the Arabah 1 Since the expression **from the sunrise** applies to **the Arabah**, it may be more natural in your language to put the\ose expressions together. Alternate translation: “and the Arabah from the sunrise from the Sea of Kinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah” or “and the Arabah east of the Jordan River, from the Sea of Kinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah”
12:3 n6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Sea of the Arabah, the Sea of Salt 1 The words **Sea of the Arabah** and **Sea of Salt** are both names for what is now known as “the Dead Sea”
12:3 i4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the way of Beth Jeshimoth 1 The author is using a common expression to refer to the direction of travel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the way one would travel to get to Beth Jeshimoth”
@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
13:intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Division of the land\n\nThere was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.\n\n### Driving out the people\n\nWhile Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
13:1 b4n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now Joshua had aged and had come into days 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, here the author begins to describe specifically how Joshua divided up among the various tribes the land the Israelites had conquered. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
13:1 d5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet had aged and had come into days & You have aged, you have come into days 1 The expressions **had aged** and **had come into days** mean similar things. The author is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “was very old … You are now very old”
13:2 e8p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and all of the Geshurite 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and all of the territories of the Geshurite”
13:2 j053 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and all of the Geshurite 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and all of the territories of the Geshurite”
13:2 g3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Geshurite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Geshurite**. He means Geshurites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Geshurites”
13:3 n4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shihor 1 The word **Shihor** is the name of a river.
13:3 m7p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy which {is} at the face of Egypt 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean border. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which is the border with Egypt”
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
13:4 n3m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arah & Aphek 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Arah** and **Aphek** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
13:5 n7p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Gebalite 1 The word **Gebalite** was the name for someone who lived in the city of Gebal, which was also known as Byblos.
13:5 m4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the rising of the sun 1 The author is using the expression **the rising of the sun** by association to mean the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the east”
13:6 m8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You shall only cause it to fall 1 The author is using the term **fall** by association to mean divide by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “You shall only divide it by lot”
13:6 j059 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You shall only cause it to fall 1 The author is using the term **fall** by association to mean divide by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “You shall only divide it by lot”
13:6 m2p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy as an inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, Yahweh is using the term **inheritance** by association to mean a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. See how you translated the similar expressions in [11:23](../11/23.md) and [12:7](../12/07.md). Alternate translation: “as a lasting possession”
13:7 i5k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And now 1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “So here is what I want you to do:”
13:7 e9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis to the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh that have not yet received any land”
@ -610,12 +610,12 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
13:9 e7p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and the city that {is} in the middle of the wadi 1 This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “and the nearby city, known as one of the cities of Aroer, that is in the middle of the wadi” (2) Alternate translation: “including the part of that city that is in the middle of the wadi”
13:11 m8n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and the border of the Geshurite and the Maakathite 1 See how you translated the same expression in [12:4](../12/04.md). Alternate translation: “and the territory of the Geshurites and the Maakathites”
13:15 e5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
13:16 m3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor which is on the lip of the wadi of Arnon 1 See how you translated the same expression in [12:2](../12/02.md).
13:16 j054 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor which is on the lip of the wadi of Arnon 1 See how you translated the same expression in [12:2](../12/02.md).
13:21 n7p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Evi and Rekem and Zur and Hur and Reba 1 The words **Evi**, **Rekem**, **Zur**, **Hur**, and **Reba** are the names of men.
13:22 n4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beor 1 The word **Beor** is the name of a man.
13:22 j055 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beor 1 The word **Beor** is the name of a man.
13:22 j2p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj with the slain 1 The author is using the adjective **slain** as a noun to mean people who were killed. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “among the others they killed”
13:23 h5m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the Jordan and the border 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **Jordan** tells what river this was the **border** or shore of. Alternate translation: “the shore of the Jordan River”
13:24 e8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
13:24 j056 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
13:25 m2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory”
13:25 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and half of the land of the sons of Ammon 1 The author assumes that readers will know that King Sihon and the Amorites had conquered half of the land that had formerly belonged to the Ammonites. He is referring to this land, not to a further half of the land where the Ammonites were still living. Alternate translation: “and the land that King Sihon and the Amorites had taken from the Ammonites, which amounted to half of their land”
13:27 h4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the Jordan and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md). Alternate translation: “with the Jordan as a border”
@ -646,10 +646,10 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
14:9 s7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the land on which your foot has trodden 1 Moses is using one part of Caleb, his **foot**, to mean all of him in the act of walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the land where you have walked”
14:9 m9n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your sons 1 Moses is speaking as if all of the descendants of Caleb were actually his **sons**. Alternate translation: “your descendants”
14:9 i5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you were full after Yahweh my God 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [14:8](../14/08.md).
14:10 m4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor behold & behold 1 In both instances, Caleb is using the term **behold** to focus his listener’s attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “listen to this … listen to this”
14:10 j057 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor behold & behold 1 In both instances, Caleb is using the term **behold** to focus his listener’s attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “listen to this … listen to this”
14:10 m8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this word 1 Caleb is using the term **word** by association to mean a command that Yahweh spoke by using wordds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “this command”
14:10 i2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am a son of 85 years 1 Caleb is using a common expression of his culture to state his age. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am 85 years old”
14:11 p7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Still I {am} strong today just as on the day Moses sent me. As {was} my strength then, so {is} my strength now 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “I have just as much strength now as I had then, on the day when Moses sent me”
14:11 j060 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Still I {am} strong today just as on the day Moses sent me. As {was} my strength then, so {is} my strength now 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “I have just as much strength now as I had then, on the day when Moses sent me”
14:11 i3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom for war, and for going out and for coming in 1 Caleb is using a common expression to refer to leadership. It is clear from verses such as [1 Kings 3:7](../1ki/03/07.md) that the expression **going out and coming in** is a general description of the work of rulers and commanders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “both to fight in war and to command soldiers in battle”
14:12 e6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and great fortified cities 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and that there were great fortified cities there”
14:12 i8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh {will be} with me 1 Caleb is using a common expression to mean that God will help him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will help me”
@ -658,13 +658,13 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
14:15 j041 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background (Now the name of Hebron formerly {was} Kiriath Arba. He {was} a great man among the Anakites.) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers recognize that **Hebron** is the same city that they may have known as **Kiriath Arba**. He is also providing information about the man **Arba** for whom the city was originally named. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
14:15 p9k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And the land rested from war 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “And there was no more war in the land”
15:intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:1 m4n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned to the tribe of Judah by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory assigned”
15:1 j061 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned to the tribe of Judah by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory assigned”
15:1 i5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the wilderness of Zin in the Negev from the end of the south 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations this in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “to the wilderness of Zin in the Negev at its extreme southern end”
15:2 n3p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Sea of Salt 1 See how you translated this name in [3:16](../03/16.md) and [12:3](../12/03.md). Alternate translation: “the Dead Sea”
15:2 p6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue 1 The author is speaking of this sea as if it were a living thing that had a **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bay”
15:2 j062 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue 1 The author is speaking of this sea as if it were a living thing that had a **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bay”
15:3 t4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate the Ascent of Akrabbim 1 **Akrabbim** is a Hebrew word that the ULT has spelled out using English letters so that readers will know how it sounds. The word means “scorpions” in Hebrew, and here it is the name of a place. In your translation you could spell this name the way it sounds in your language, or you could express its meaning as a name. Alternate translation: “Scorpion Pass”
15:3 i5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom then it went up 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, in Hebrew, writers and speakers generally indicated whether people were going up to a higher elevation or going down to a lower elevation when they traveled. If your language does not mark travel for change in elevation, you can translate such expressions more simply, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “then it went”
15:4 e7p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit {to} the wadi of Egypt 1 This seems to be the same body of water that is mentioned in [13:13](../13/13.md), where it is called the Shihor River. You could use that same name here if that would be helpful to your readers.
15:4 j063 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit {to} the wadi of Egypt 1 This seems to be the same body of water that is mentioned in [13:13](../13/13.md), where it is called the Shihor River. You could use that same name here if that would be helpful to your readers.
15:4 q3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks This will be for you the border of the south 1 The author is not addressing all of his readers directly and telling them that this will be their border. Rather, he is quoting the words that Yahweh told Moses to speak to the Israelites in [Numbers 34:3](../num/34/03.md) about what their southern border would be as a nation. The implication is that the territory of the tribe of Judah would extend to the south all the way to this national border. You may wish to indicate that this sentence is a quotation by putting it within first-level quotation marks or by using some other punctuation or convention that your language uses to indicate a first-level quotation.
15:4 p8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person This will be for you the border of the south 1 Another approach to translating this sentence would be to use the past tense and the third person, as the author does in the rest of this account, to show that he is not addressing readers directly but continuing to describe the borders of the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “This was their southern border”
15:5 p2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification from the tongue 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “from the bay”
@ -675,12 +675,12 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
15:9 b6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background to Baalah (it is Kiriath Jearim) 1 The author is providing background information to explain to readers that the city he calls **Baalah** is the same one that they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
15:10 p4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the shoulder of Mount Jearim from the north 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:8](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “to the north slope of Mount Jearim”
15:10 b8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Mount Jearim & (it is Kesalon) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that **Mount Jearim** was also known as **Kesalon**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
15:11 p2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Ekron to the north 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:8](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “the northern slope of the mound on which the city of Ekron was built”
15:11 j064 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Ekron to the north 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:8](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “the northern slope of the mound on which the city of Ekron was built”
15:11 e5k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the goings out of the border were at the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **the sea**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
15:12 h7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys {was} the Great Sea and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md). Alternate translation: “was the coast of the Great Sea”
15:12 n3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names {was} the Great Sea 1 See how you translated this name in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “was the Mediterranean Sea”
15:13 p6n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns he gave 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Joshua. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave”
15:13 m4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of Yahweh to Joshua 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded Joshua”
15:13 j058 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of Yahweh to Joshua 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded Joshua”
15:13 b8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Kiriath Arba (the father of the Anak), it {is} Hebron 1 See how you presented the similar background information that the author provides in [14:15](../14/15.md) about the former and current name of this city.
15:14 m2n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the three sons of Anak, Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai, the children of Anak 1 The author is using the term **sons** to refer to the three clans that were descended from a man named **Anak**. He is using the term **children** to mean “descendants.” Alternate translation: “the three Anakite clans of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were all descendants of Anak”
15:15 b5k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background (Now the name of Debir {was} formerly Kiriath Sepher.) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that **Debir** was formerly known as **Kiriath Sepher**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
15:25 b3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and Kerioth Hezron (it is Hazor) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Kerioth Hezron** is the one they know as **Hazor**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
15:32 e8m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit All of the cities 1 The author assumes that readers will know he means the **cities** in the southern part of Judah’s territory. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “All of the cities in the southern part of the territory of Judah”
15:33 e2p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis In the lowlands 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These were the cities in the lowlands of the territory of Judah”
15:46 m6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy {were} on the hand of Ashdod 1 The author is using the term **hand** by association to mean near or close by. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “were nearby Ashdod”
15:46 j065 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy {were} on the hand of Ashdod 1 The author is using the term **hand** by association to mean near or close by. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “were nearby Ashdod”
15:47 n4p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the wadi of Egypt 1 See how you translated this same name in [13:13](../13/13.md) and [15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Shihor River”
15:47 h7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys and the Great Sea and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md) and [15:12](../15/12.md). Alternate translation: “and the coast of the Great Sea”
15:48 e5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And in the hill country 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And these were the cities in the hill country of the territory of Judah”
@ -713,16 +713,16 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
16:intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Drive them out\n\nThe Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:1 m4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory assigned by lot”
16:1 m2p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for the sons of Joseph 1 The author is speaking as if the people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were actually the **sons** of Joseph. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Joseph”
16:1 m7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the waters of Jericho from the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the direction where the sun rises, that is, the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “to the waters east of Jericho”
16:1 j066 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the waters of Jericho from the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the direction where the sun rises, that is, the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “to the waters east of Jericho”
16:3 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy toward the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sea** by association to mean the direction of the Mediterranean Sea, that is, from his perspective, the west. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “westward”
16:2 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Bethel to Luz 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Bethel** and **Luz** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
16:2 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Bethel to Luz 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Bethel** and **Luz** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
16:3 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the border of the Japhletite, unto the border of Lower Beth Horon 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the territory of the Japhletites, to the territory of Lower Beth Horon”
16:3 g3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Japhletite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Japhletite**. He means the members of the Japhletite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Japhletites”
16:3 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were at the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **the sea**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
16:4 m9n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And the sons of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim 1 The author is speaking as if the people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were actually the **sons** of Joseph. Alternate translation: “And the descendants of Joseph, the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim”
16:4 m3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy inherited 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author is using by association the idea of inheriting to mean receiving a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “received territory as a lasting possession”
16:5 i7p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the sunrise was Ataroth Addar unto Upper Beth Horon 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author is describing the location of one place relative another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express this in the way your culture describes the relative location of places. Alternate translation: “began at Ataroth Addar and went west to Upper Beth Horon”
16:9 p7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart”
16:9 j067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart”
16:10 g4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & the Canaanite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means Canaanites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … the Canaanites”
17:intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:1 j2sj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְ⁠מָכִיר֩ 1 These are men’s names.

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