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chrisSmith edits to Joshua 12 to 16 (#3899)
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3899
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tn_JOS.tsv
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@ -563,172 +563,167 @@ front:intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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11:21 j032 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Debir & Anab 1 The words **Debir** and **Anab** are the names of cities.
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11:23 j036 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And the land rested from war 1 The author is speaking of **land** as if it were a living thing that could rest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And there was no more war in the land”
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12:intro ga6k 0 # Joshua 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 12:2–5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.
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12:1 e45x rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background וְאֵ֣לֶּה 1 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information.
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12:1 fe2c וְאֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י 1 This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
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12:1 g8ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָעֲרָבָ֖ה 1 These are the names of a region of land.
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12:2 uv1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר 1 This is the name of a city.
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12:2 ts6s סִיחוֹן֙ & בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
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12:3 dh7d יָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת 1 This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
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12:3 gc3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת & הַפִּסְגָּֽה 1 These are the names of places.
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12:4 zb6d ע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֔ן 1 See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
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12:4 m4ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָרְפָאִ֑ים 1 These are the names of people groups.
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12:4 t7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 These are the names of places.
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12:5 vu4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּבְסַלְכָה֙ 1 This is the name of a place.
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12:5 sbq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י 1 This is the name of a people group.
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12:6 bsj6 לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙ 1 These are the descendants of Reuben.
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12:6 p8zt וְלַגָּדִ֔י 1 These are the descendants of Gad.
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12:6 zk48 וְלַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה 1 They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
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12:7 nie7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִבַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ & הָהָ֥ר הֶחָלָ֖ק 1 These are the names of places.
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12:8 z37z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּבָֽעֲרָבָה֙ 1 This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md).
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12:10 ps2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶבְר֖וֹן 1 This is the name of a city.
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12:11 aj97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יַרְמוּת֙ & לָכִ֖ישׁ 1 These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md).
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12:12 bgl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֶגְלוֹן֙ & גֶּ֖זֶר 1 These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md).
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12:13 mgg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names דְּבִר֙ & גֶּ֖דֶר 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:14 e9ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חָרְמָה֙ & עֲרָ֖ד 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:15 nec9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לִבְנָה֙ & עֲדֻלָּ֖ם 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:16 se49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מַקֵּדָה֙ 1 This is the name of a city.
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12:17 g346 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names תַּפּ֨וּחַ֙ & חֵ֖פֶר 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:18 m8vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֲפֵק֙ & לַשָּׁר֖וֹן 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:19 ga17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מָדוֹן֙ & חָצ֖וֹר 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:20 cq4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names שִׁמְר֤וֹן מְראוֹן֙ & אַכְשָׁ֖ף 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:21 pv5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names תַּעְנַךְ֙ & מְגִדּ֖וֹ 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:22 z2b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קֶ֨דֶשׁ֙ & יָקְנֳעָ֥ם 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:23 a6eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names דּ֛וֹר לְנָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר & גּוֹיִ֥ם 1 These are the names of cities.
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12:24 kv8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names תִּרְצָ֖ה 1 This is the name of a city.
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12:24 aeg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers כָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד 1 “31 in all”
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12:1 k3n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now these {are} the kings of the land 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, here the author begins to provide background information about how the Israelites divided up the land they conquered. This background information continues through Chapter 21. In this chapter, the author provides a summary of all the territories the Israelites conquered. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
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12:1 m4p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on the other side of the Jordan, from the rising of the sun 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout the following chapters, the author describes the location of one place relative to another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. He means here that if someone were traveling from the territories he is about to describe to the area where most of the Israelites settled, he would be coming **from the rising of the sun**, that is, from the east. In your translation, express this in the way your culture describes the relative location of places. Alternate translation: “to the east of the Jordan River”
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12:1 n9x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the direction where the sun rises. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan River”
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12:2 e5j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Sihon, the king of the Amorite 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The territory of Sihon, the king of the Amorite”
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12:2 g2p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Amorite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Amorite**. He means Amorites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Amorites”
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12:2 i7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ruling from Aroer, which {is} on the lip of the wadi of Arnon, and the middle of the wadi and half of Gilead and unto the Jabbok wadi, the border of the sons of Ammon, 1 Since the expression **half of Gilead** summarizes what the rest of the verse says, it may be more natural in your language to put this expression at the end of the verse. Alternate translation: “ruling from the middle of the wadi of Arnon, including Aroer on the lip of the wadi, and unto the Jabbok wadi, the border of the sons of Ammon; in all, half of Gilead”
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12:2 n3m5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Aroer 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the word **Aroer** is the name of a city, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
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12:2 m8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lip 1 The author is speaking as if this **wadi** were something that had a **lip**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “edge”
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12:3 i2n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure and the Arabah unto the Sea of Kinnereth from the sunrise and unto the Sea of the Arabah 1 Since the expression **from the sunrise** applies to **the Arabah**, it may be more natural in your language to put the\ose expressions together. Alternate translation: “and the Arabah from the sunrise from the Sea of Kinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah” or “and the Arabah east of the Jordan River, from the Sea of Kinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah”
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12:3 n6p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Sea of the Arabah, the Sea of Salt 1 The words **Sea of the Arabah** and **Sea of Salt** are both names for what is now known as “the Dead Sea”
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12:3 i4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the way of Beth Jeshimoth 1 The author is using a common expression to refer to the direction of travel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the way one would travel to get to Beth Jeshimoth”
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12:4 m3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy And the border of Og 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean the territory within borders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “And the territory of Og”
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12:4 e6n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And the border of Og 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And the Israelites also possessed the territory of Og”
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12:5 e9m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and half of Gilead, the border of Sihon, the king of Heshbon 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he ruled over half of Gilead, as far as the border with Sihon, the king of Heshbon”
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12:6 p4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns them & it 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the kings mentioned previously, and **it** refers to their land. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “those kings ... their land”
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12:7 m7n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on the other side of the Jordan, toward the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the expression **toward the sea** by association to mean in the direction of the Mediterranean Sea from his location, that is, the west. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “on the west side of the Jordan”
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12:7 n2p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Baal Gad & Mount Halak 1 See how you translated these names in [11:17](../11/17.md).
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12:7 e4m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel {as} a possession according to their divisions 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “And Joshua divided it up among the tribes and gave it to Israel as a possession”
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12:8 e8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the Hittite, the Amorite, and the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “these were the lands of the Hittite, the Amorite, and the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite”
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12:9 n6m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jerusalem & Hebron 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the kings in [12:9–24](../12/09.md) are all identified by the names of the cities they ruled. Alternate translation: “the city of Jerusalem ... the city of Hebron”
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12:23 e5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the king of the nations in Gilgal 1 This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “the king who ruled the people groups in the region of Gilgal” (2) Alternate translation: “the king of the city of Goyim in Gilgal”
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13:intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Division of the land\n\nThere was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.\n\n### Driving out the people\n\nWhile Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
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13:2 s51z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זֹ֥את הָאָ֖רֶץ הַנִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת 1 You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: “This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture”
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13:3 q1nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַשִּׁיח֞וֹר 1 This is the name of a place.
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13:3 a3iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which the Canaanites now consider their property”
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13:3 jnl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְהָעַוִּֽים 1 This is the name of a people group.
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13:4 b13s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּמְעָרָ֛ה & אֲפֵ֑קָה 1 These are the names of places.
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13:5 bj71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִבַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד & הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן 1 These are the names of places.
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13:5 jd8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַגִּבְלִ֗י 1 This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba.
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13:6 b7pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֨יִם֙ 1 this is the name of a place
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13:6 si8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽנַחֲלָ֔ה 1 The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession.
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13:9 gfc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר & מֵידְבָ֖א & דִּיבֽוֹן 1 These are the names of places.
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13:9 lk8d הַנַּ֛חַל 1 a place where the river is far below the land on the sides
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13:9 t2an הַמִּישֹׁ֥ר 1 flat land high above rivers
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13:10 zm4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 This is the name of a city.
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13:11 whz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סַלְכָֽה 1 These are the names of places.
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13:11 kc79 וּגְב֧וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י 1 Alternate translation: “the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived”
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13:11 l98j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י 1 These are the names of people groups.
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13:12 hw24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי 1 These are the names of places.
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13:12 u2dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָרְפָאִ֔ים 1 This is the name of a people group.
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13:12 l1cu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 Here “Moses” represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate translation: “Moses and the Israelites attacked them”
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13:13 zb9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְאֶת־הַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י 1 These are the names of people groups.
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13:13 hu1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גְּשׁ֤וּר וּמַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 “Geshur” and “Maacath” are either the names of the ancestors of “the Geshurites” and “the Maacathites” or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate translation: “those people live among Israel”
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13:13 xw7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 See how you translated the phrase **until this day** in [4:9](../04/09.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
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13:14 zs6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה 1 The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession.
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13:14 v9zc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה & ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔וֹ 1 The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “The offerings of Yahweh … are what they will have for their provision”
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13:14 br61 אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה 1 Alternate translation: “offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh”
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13:14 lz8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אִשֵּׁ֨י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the priests burned with fire”
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13:16 f1uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר & מֵידְבָֽא 1 These are the names of places.
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13:16 s5yv נַ֨חַל & הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר 1 See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](../13/09.md).
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13:17 y6iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן & דִּיבוֹן֙ וּבָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּבֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן 1 These are the names of places.
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13:18 i4fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְיַ֥הְצָה וּקְדֵמֹ֖ת וּמֵפָֽעַת 1 These are the names of places.
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13:19 f1h3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְקִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְשִׂבְמָ֔ה וְצֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר 1 These are the names of places.
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13:20 is7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּבֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר & הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת 1 These are the names of places.
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13:21 uld7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 This is the name of a city.
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13:21 j6hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סִיחוֹן֙ & אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת־רֶ֨קֶם֙ וְאֶת־צ֤וּר וְאֶת־חוּר֙ וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע 1 These are the names of people.
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13:21 x56e אֹת֣וֹ׀ וְאֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן 1 Alternate translation: “as he had defeated the leaders of Midian”
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13:23 gc1r וּגְב֑וּל זֹ֣את 1 The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received.
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13:23 x56m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּגְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ 1 The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession.
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13:23 ud8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses gave to each of their clans”
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13:25 fmp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יַעְזֵר֙ & עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר & רַבָּֽה 1 These are the names of places.
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13:26 mr54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּמֵחֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן & רָמַ֥ת הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּבְטֹנִ֑ים וּמִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם & לִדְבִֽר 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
13:27 ie4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּבֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְסֻכּ֣וֹת וְצָפ֗וֹן & חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
13:28 hla2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד 1 The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession.
|
||||
13:29 we69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה 1 The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession.
|
||||
13:29 gs84 לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה 1 Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River.
|
||||
13:29 p8yw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַיְהִ֗י לַחֲצִ֛י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned it”
|
||||
13:30 s32g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִמַּחֲנַ֨יִם & יָאִ֛יר 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
13:31 b2aa rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְעַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְאֶדְרֶ֔עִי 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
13:31 zde9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לִבְנֵ֤י 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned these”
|
||||
13:31 g5si rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מָכִ֖יר 1 This is a man’s name.
|
||||
13:32 hh57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance”
|
||||
13:33 ce57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔ם 1 The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have”
|
||||
13:1 b4n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now Joshua had aged and had come into days 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, here the author begins to describe specifically how Joshua divided up among the various tribes the land the Israelites had conquered. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
13:1 d5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet had aged and had come into days & You have aged, you have come into days 1 The expressions **had aged** and **had come into days** mean similar things. The author is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “was very old … You are now very old”
|
||||
13:2 e8p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and all of the Geshurite 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and all of the territories of the Geshurite”
|
||||
13:2 g3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Geshurite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Geshurite**. He means Geshurites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Geshurites”
|
||||
13:3 n4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Shihor 1 The word **Shihor** is the name of a river.
|
||||
13:3 m7p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy which {is} at the face of Egypt 1 The author is using the term **face** by association to mean border. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “which is the border with Egypt”
|
||||
13:3 m2n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the border of Ekron 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory of Ekron”
|
||||
13:3 p6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it shall be reckoned to the Canaanite 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you shall consider this to be Canaanite territory”
|
||||
13:3 e8m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit it shall be reckoned to the Canaanite 1 The Philistines and Geshurites were not Canaanites. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you shall consider this to be Canaanite territory, even though the Philistines and Geshurites are not Canaanites”
|
||||
13:3 m5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it shall be reckoned to the Canaanite 1 The author is using the term **Canaanite** by association to mean territory that Yahweh wants the Israelites to conquer, since he had told them to conquer all Canaanite territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “you shall consider this to be territory that I want you to conquer and possess, even though the Philistines and Geshurites are not Canaanites”
|
||||
13:3 e2p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the five lords of the Philistines 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “it includes the territories of the five lords of the Philistines”
|
||||
13:4 e9k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis from the south 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and the Avvites to the south of the Philistines and Geshurites”
|
||||
13:4 n3m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Arah & Aphek 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Arah** and **Aphek** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
|
||||
13:5 n7p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Gebalite 1 The word **Gebalite** was the name for someone who lived in the city of Gebal, which was also known as Byblos.
|
||||
13:5 m4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the rising of the sun 1 The author is using the expression **the rising of the sun** by association to mean the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the east”
|
||||
13:6 m8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy You shall only cause it to fall 1 The author is using the term **fall** by association to mean divide by lot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “You shall only divide it by lot”
|
||||
13:6 m2p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy as an inheritance 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, Yahweh is using the term **inheritance** by association to mean a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. See how you translated the similar expressions in [11:23](../11/23.md) and [12:7](../12/07.md). Alternate translation: “as a lasting possession”
|
||||
13:7 i5k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom And now 1 See how you translated the same expression in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “So here is what I want you to do:”
|
||||
13:7 e9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis to the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh that have not yet received any land”
|
||||
13:8 p3m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns With him 1 The pronoun **him** refers to the other half of the tribe of Manasseh, which had already received land east of the Jordan River. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “With the other half of the tribe of Manasseh”
|
||||
13:8 m6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on the other side of the Jordan, toward the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan”
|
||||
13:9 m4n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor which is on the lip of the wadi of Arnon 1 See how you translated the same expression in [12:2](../12/02.md).
|
||||
13:9 e7p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and the city that {is} in the middle of the wadi 1 This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “and the nearby city, known as one of the cities of Aroer, that is in the middle of the wadi” (2) Alternate translation: “including the part of that city that is in the middle of the wadi”
|
||||
13:11 m8n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and the border of the Geshurite and the Maakathite 1 See how you translated the same expression in [12:4](../12/04.md). Alternate translation: “and the territory of the Geshurites and the Maakathites”
|
||||
13:15 e5p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
|
||||
13:16 m3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor which is on the lip of the wadi of Arnon 1 See how you translated the same expression in [12:2](../12/02.md).
|
||||
13:21 n7p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Evi and Rekem and Zur and Hur and Reba 1 The words **Evi**, **Rekem**, **Zur**, **Hur**, and **Reba** are the names of men.
|
||||
13:22 n4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Beor 1 The word **Beor** is the name of a man.
|
||||
13:22 j2p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj with the slain 1 The author is using the adjective **slain** as a noun to mean people who were killed. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “among the others they killed”
|
||||
13:23 h5m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the Jordan and the border 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **Jordan** tells what river this was the **border** or shore of. Alternate translation: “the shore of the Jordan River”
|
||||
13:24 e8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
|
||||
13:25 m2n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory”
|
||||
13:25 e5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and half of the land of the sons of Ammon 1 The author assumes that readers will know that King Sihon and the Amorites had conquered half of the land that had formerly belonged to the Ammonites. He is referring to this land, not to a further half of the land where the Ammonites were still living. Alternate translation: “and the land that King Sihon and the Amorites had taken from the Ammonites, which amounted to half of their land”
|
||||
13:27 h4p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the Jordan and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md). Alternate translation: “with the Jordan as a border”
|
||||
13:29 e7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And Moses gave 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses gave land”
|
||||
13:30 m9p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their border 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “their territory”
|
||||
13:30 n2k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jair 1 The word **Jair** is the name of a man. [Numbers 32:41](../num/32/41.md) describes his conquest of these **towns**.
|
||||
13:31 n5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Makir 1 The word **Makir** is the name of a man.
|
||||
13:32 e8p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis caused to inherit 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “caused these tribes to inherit” or “caused these tribes to possess”
|
||||
14:intro dsn7 0 # Joshua 14 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Drive them out\n\nThe Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
|
||||
14:1 u4tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession.
|
||||
14:1 ql64 אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת 1 Alternate translation: “leaders of the tribes”
|
||||
14:2 f1ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּגוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance”
|
||||
14:2 ti9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 Here the word “hand” refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “through Moses”
|
||||
14:3 ptq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה נַחֲלַ֨ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַמַּטּוֹת֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הַמַּטֶּ֔ה מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְלַ֨לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּתוֹכָֽם 1 The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession.
|
||||
14:4 tye1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַלְוִיִּ֜ם בָּאָ֗רֶץ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land”
|
||||
14:4 c5l6 חֵ֨לֶק 1 Alternate translation: “part”
|
||||
14:4 tj8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת 1 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but he gave to them only certain cities to live in”
|
||||
14:4 m4nv וּמִ֨גְרְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם 1 fields of grass for the livestock to eat
|
||||
14:4 j8ys וּלְקִנְיָנָֽם 1 physical things they needed so they could provide for their families
|
||||
14:6 b9tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יְפֻנֶּ֖ה 1 This is a man’s name.
|
||||
14:6 g6g8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַקְּנִזִּ֑י 1 This is the name of a people group.
|
||||
14:7 wqe2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וָאָשֵׁ֤ב אֹתוֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽי 1 Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report”
|
||||
14:8 q6zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָעָ֑ם 1 Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid”
|
||||
14:8 d53a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה 1 Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh”
|
||||
14:9 ew2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ & בָּ֔הּ לְךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְנַחֲלָ֛ה וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם 1 The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession.
|
||||
14:9 shc9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְךָ֙ 1 Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked”
|
||||
14:10 m9sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations הִנֵּה֩…הִנֵּ֣ה 1 See how you translated the word **behold** in [2:2](../02/02.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
|
||||
14:10 c4ma אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר 1 Alternate translation: “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
|
||||
14:11 q443 כְּכֹ֥חִי אָ֖ז וּכְכֹ֣חִי עָ֑תָּה 1 Alternate translation: “I am still as strong now as I was then”
|
||||
14:11 y4nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְלָצֵ֥את וְלָבֽוֹא 1 This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day”
|
||||
14:12 r8ka אֶת־הָהָ֣ר 1 This could mean: (1) many large hills or small mountains or (2) one mountain.
|
||||
14:12 ner3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עֲנָקִ֣ים 1 This is the name of a people group.
|
||||
14:13 q6ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְכָלֵ֥ב 1 Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession.
|
||||
14:14 gji6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה 1 See how you translated the phrase **until this day** in [4:9](../04/09.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
|
||||
14:14 zii3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה 1 Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he remained loyal to Yahweh”
|
||||
14:15 hyh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע 1 This is the name of a place.
|
||||
14:15 wv1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה 1 The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “Then the people no longer fought wars in the land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
14:1 m4n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy inherited 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author is using the term **inherited** by association to describe receiving a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “came to possess”
|
||||
14:1 e5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and the heads of the fathers of 1 The author is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. He is using the word **fathers** to mean “father’s houses.” In ancient Israel, that expression described extended families, comprising three or four generations, led by a man who was the father, grandfather, or great-grandfather of the family members. The household also included servants. You can supply this word in your translation or use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “and the heads of the father’s houses of” or “and the men who led the extended families of”
|
||||
14:2 s3p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche by the hand of Moses 1 The author is using one part of Moses, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of passing on a command from Yahweh to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through Moses”
|
||||
14:3 e7m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit from the other side of the Jordan 1 The author is speaking of the location of this **land** from the perspective of the west side of the Jordan River. The **other side** therefore means the east side. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “on the east side of the Jordan River”
|
||||
14:4 x2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions And they gave no portion to the Levites in the land if not cities for dwelling and their pasturelands for their livestock and for their property 1 If it would appear in your language that the author was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The only portion that they gave to the Levites in the land was cities for dwelling and their pasturelands for their livestock and property”
|
||||
14:4 p5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns And they gave no portion to the Levites 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “And the Levites were given no portion”
|
||||
14:6 n3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jephunneh & Kenizzite 1 The word **Jephunneh** is the name of a man, and the word **Kenizzite** is the name of a people group.
|
||||
14:6 m7p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy word 1 Caleb is using the term **word** by association to mean a command that Yahweh gave by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “command”
|
||||
14:7 i4k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I {was} a son of 40 years 1 Caleb is using a common expression of his culture to state his age. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was 40 years old”
|
||||
14:7 m8n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And I brought back word to him just as {was} in my heart 1 Here the **heart** represents the thoughts. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I told him what I honestly felt to be the truth”
|
||||
14:7 m2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy word 1 Caleb is using the term **word** by association to mean the report he gave by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “a report”
|
||||
14:8 m5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But my brothers 1 Caleb is using the term **brothers** to describe people who are descended from the same ancestor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But my fellow Israelites”
|
||||
14:8 i9n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom went up 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, in Hebrew, writers and speakers generally indicated whether people were going up to a higher elevation or going down to a lower elevation when they traveled. If your language does not mark travel for change in elevation, you can translate such expressions more simply. Alternate translation: “went”
|
||||
14:8 m3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor made the heart of the people melt 1 Here the **heart** represents courage, and **melt** represents losing courage. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “made the people lose their courage”
|
||||
14:8 i6k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom But I myself was full after Yahweh my God 1 Caleb is using a common expression to mean he obeyed God completely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But I obeyed Yahweh my God completely”
|
||||
14:9 j040 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes saying, ‘If the land on which your foot has trodden will not be for an inheritance for you and for your sons unto forever, for you were full after Yahweh my God’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “telling me that the land on which my foot had trodden would certainly be for an inheritance for me and my sons forever, since I had been full after Yahweh his God”
|
||||
14:9 r4m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result If the land on which your foot has trodden will not be for an inheritance for you and for your sons unto forever, for you were full after Yahweh my God 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because you obeyed Yahweh your God completely, the land on which your foot has trodden will be an inheritance for you and your descendants forever”
|
||||
14:9 o2p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula If the land on which your foot has trodden will not be for an inheritance for you and for your sons unto forever 1 Following the custom of his culture, Moses is swearing an oath by stating the first part of a condition (**if**) but not the second part (“then”). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the second part of this condition. Alternate translation: “If the land on which your foot has walked does not become an inheritance for you and your descendants forever, then may Yahweh punish me severely”
|
||||
14:9 s7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the land on which your foot has trodden 1 Moses is using one part of Caleb, his **foot**, to mean all of him in the act of walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the land where you have walked”
|
||||
14:9 m9n6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your sons 1 Moses is speaking as if all of the descendants of Caleb were actually his **sons**. Alternate translation: “your descendants”
|
||||
14:9 i5p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you were full after Yahweh my God 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [14:8](../14/08.md).
|
||||
14:10 m4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor behold & behold 1 In both instances, Caleb is using the term **behold** to focus his listener’s attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “listen to this … listen to this”
|
||||
14:10 m8n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy this word 1 Caleb is using the term **word** by association to mean a command that Yahweh spoke by using wordds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “this command”
|
||||
14:10 i2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I am a son of 85 years 1 Caleb is using a common expression of his culture to state his age. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am 85 years old”
|
||||
14:11 p7k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Still I {am} strong today just as on the day Moses sent me. As {was} my strength then, so {is} my strength now 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “I have just as much strength now as I had then, on the day when Moses sent me”
|
||||
14:11 i3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom for war, and for going out and for coming in 1 Caleb is using a common expression to refer to leadership. It is clear from verses such as [1 Kings 3:7](../1ki/03/07.md) that the expression **going out and coming in** is a general description of the work of rulers and commanders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “both to fight in war and to command soldiers in battle”
|
||||
14:12 e6p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and great fortified cities 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and that there were great fortified cities there”
|
||||
14:12 i8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh {will be} with me 1 Caleb is using a common expression to mean that God will help him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will help me”
|
||||
14:14 r5n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Hebron is to Caleb, the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, for an inheritance unto this day, because he was full after Yahweh, the God of Israel 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because Caleb obeyed Yahweh completely, Hebron has belonged to him and his descendants as an inheritance unto this day”
|
||||
14:14 i4m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he was full after Yahweh 1 See how you translated the similar expressions in [14:8](../14/08.md) and [14:9](../14/09.md).
|
||||
14:15 j041 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background (Now the name of Hebron formerly {was} Kiriath Arba. He {was} a great man among the Anakites.) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers recognize that **Hebron** is the same city that they may have known as **Kiriath Arba**. He is also providing information about the man **Arba** for whom the city was originally named. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
14:15 p9k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification And the land rested from war 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “And there was no more war in the land”
|
||||
15:intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
15:1 ex51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names צִ֛ן 1 This is the name of the wilderness area.
|
||||
15:2 k5za מִקְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה 1 “from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea.” These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
|
||||
15:2 j6xn מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה 1 Alternate translation: “from the bay that extends to the south” or “from the southern bay”
|
||||
15:2 qj2g הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן 1 smaller part of the sea that extends into the land
|
||||
15:3 kb99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עַקְרַבִּים֙ & צִ֔נָה & חֶצְרוֹן֙ & אַדָּ֔רָה & הַקַּרְקָֽעָה 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:4 nzh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עַצְמ֗וֹנָה 1 This is the name of a city.
|
||||
15:4 d1b1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם 1 a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt
|
||||
15:5 xrg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִקְצֵ֖ה הַיַּרְדֵּֽן 1 The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river.
|
||||
15:5 bl5c וּגְב֞וּל 1 Alternate translation: “border … was”
|
||||
15:6 lbt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣ית חָגְלָ֔ה & לְבֵ֣ית הָעֲרָבָ֑ה 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:6 eqi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן 1 This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan.
|
||||
15:7 n7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names דְּבִרָה֮ מֵעֵ֣מֶק עָכוֹר֒ & הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל & לְמַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֔ים & מֵי־עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶ & עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:8 qa4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names גֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם & עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:9 hb3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נֶפְתּ֔וֹחַ & הַר־עֶפְר֑וֹן & קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:10 h92v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִבַּעֲלָ֥ה & הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר & הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים & כְסָל֑וֹן & בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ & תִּמְנָֽה 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:11 n6qt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names שִׁכְּר֔וֹנָה & הַר־הַֽבַּעֲלָ֖ה & יַבְנְאֵ֑ל 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:13 gx9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:13 v154 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אַרְבַּ֛ע & הָעֲנָ֖ק 1 These are the names of men.
|
||||
15:14 jp1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הָעֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְאֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָעֲנָֽק 1 These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words “sons” and “descendants” in this context mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak”
|
||||
15:14 q23k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָעֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְאֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י 1 These are the names of men.
|
||||
15:15 n52j וַיַּ֣עַל מִשָּׁ֔ם אֶל 1 Alternate translation: “He went up from there to fight against”
|
||||
15:15 k99v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names דְּבִ֥ר & קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר 1 These are the names of places.
|
||||
15:16 hs9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר 1 This is the name of a place.
|
||||
15:16 z82q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה 1 This is a woman’s name.
|
||||
15:17 kvc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עָתְנִיאֵ֥ל & קְנַ֖ז 1 These are men’s names.
|
||||
15:18 d6qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ 1 This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel’s wife. Alternate translation: “when Aksah became Othniel’s wife”
|
||||
15:18 ia6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וַתְּסִיתֵ֨הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֨יהָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה 1 This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’”
|
||||
15:19 nun3 אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת 1 The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
|
||||
15:20 q76c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה 1 The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance”
|
||||
15:46 dfe2 וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן 1 villages
|
||||
15:47 hsx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt
|
||||
15:63 j68z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 See how you translated the phrase **until this day** in [4:9](../04/09.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
|
||||
15:1 m4n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned to the tribe of Judah by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory assigned”
|
||||
15:1 i5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the wilderness of Zin in the Negev from the end of the south 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author describes the location of one place relative another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express these relative locations this in the way that your culture would describe them. Alternate translation: “to the wilderness of Zin in the Negev at its extreme southern end”
|
||||
15:2 n3p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Sea of Salt 1 See how you translated this name in [3:16](../03/16.md) and [12:3](../12/03.md). Alternate translation: “the Dead Sea”
|
||||
15:2 p6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the tongue 1 The author is speaking of this sea as if it were a living thing that had a **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the bay”
|
||||
15:3 t4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate the Ascent of Akrabbim 1 **Akrabbim** is a Hebrew word that the ULT has spelled out using English letters so that readers will know how it sounds. The word means “scorpions” in Hebrew, and here it is the name of a place. In your translation you could spell this name the way it sounds in your language, or you could express its meaning as a name. Alternate translation: “Scorpion Pass”
|
||||
15:3 i5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom then it went up 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, in Hebrew, writers and speakers generally indicated whether people were going up to a higher elevation or going down to a lower elevation when they traveled. If your language does not mark travel for change in elevation, you can translate such expressions more simply, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “then it went”
|
||||
15:4 e7p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit {to} the wadi of Egypt 1 This seems to be the same body of water that is mentioned in [13:13](../13/13.md), where it is called the Shihor River. You could use that same name here if that would be helpful to your readers.
|
||||
15:4 q3m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks This will be for you the border of the south 1 The author is not addressing all of his readers directly and telling them that this will be their border. Rather, he is quoting the words that Yahweh told Moses to speak to the Israelites in [Numbers 34:3](../num/34/03.md) about what their southern border would be as a nation. The implication is that the territory of the tribe of Judah would extend to the south all the way to this national border. You may wish to indicate that this sentence is a quotation by putting it within first-level quotation marks or by using some other punctuation or convention that your language uses to indicate a first-level quotation.
|
||||
15:4 p8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person This will be for you the border of the south 1 Another approach to translating this sentence would be to use the past tense and the third person, as the author does in the rest of this account, to show that he is not addressing readers directly but continuing to describe the borders of the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “This was their southern border”
|
||||
15:5 p2n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification from the tongue 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “from the bay”
|
||||
15:7 t5k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate from the Valley of Achor 1 See how you translated this name in [7:24](../07/24.md).
|
||||
15:8 m7n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the shoulder of the Jebusite from the south 1 The author is using the term **Jebusite**, which he explains means **Jerusalem**, by association to mean Mount Zion, the mountain on which the Jebusite city of Jerusalem was located. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the southern shoulder of Mount Zion”
|
||||
15:8 p3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the shoulder of the Jebusite from the south 1 The author is speaking of the mountain on which **Jerusalem** was built as if it were a living thing that had a **shoulder**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the southern slope of Mount Zion”
|
||||
15:8 p9m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the head of the hill 1 The author is speaking of this **hill** as if it were a living thing that had a **head**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the top of the hill”
|
||||
15:9 b6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background to Baalah (it is Kiriath Jearim) 1 The author is providing background information to explain to readers that the city he calls **Baalah** is the same one that they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
15:10 p4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the shoulder of Mount Jearim from the north 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:8](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “to the north slope of Mount Jearim”
|
||||
15:10 b8k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Mount Jearim & (it is Kesalon) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that **Mount Jearim** was also known as **Kesalon**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
15:11 p2m9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the shoulder of Ekron to the north 1 See how you translated the same expression in [15:8](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “the northern slope of the mound on which the city of Ekron was built”
|
||||
15:11 e5k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit And the goings out of the border were at the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **the sea**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
|
||||
15:12 h7p3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys {was} the Great Sea and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md). Alternate translation: “was the coast of the Great Sea”
|
||||
15:12 n3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names {was} the Great Sea 1 See how you translated this name in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “was the Mediterranean Sea”
|
||||
15:13 p6n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns he gave 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Joshua. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave”
|
||||
15:13 m4k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy according to the mouth of Yahweh to Joshua 1 The author is using the term **mouth** by association to mean the words that Yahweh spoke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “according to what Yahweh had commanded Joshua”
|
||||
15:13 b8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Kiriath Arba (the father of the Anak), it {is} Hebron 1 See how you presented the similar background information that the author provides in [14:15](../14/15.md) about the former and current name of this city.
|
||||
15:14 m2n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the three sons of Anak, Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai, the children of Anak 1 The author is using the term **sons** to refer to the three clans that were descended from a man named **Anak**. He is using the term **children** to mean “descendants.” Alternate translation: “the three Anakite clans of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were all descendants of Anak”
|
||||
15:15 b5k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background (Now the name of Debir {was} formerly Kiriath Sepher.) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that **Debir** was formerly known as **Kiriath Sepher**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
15:17 p7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns So he gave 1 The pronoun **he** refers to Caleb. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “So Caleb gave”
|
||||
15:18 j042 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now it happened 1 The author is using this phrase to introduce background information that is not part of the main narrative. In your translation, introduce this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
|
||||
15:18 j043 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in the coming of her 1 The author assumes that his readers will understand what he means by this phrase. This could mean: (1) that Aksah came to Kiriath Sepher in order to marry Othniel and that she made this **request** when she arrived and saw the land that Caleb had given to him. Alternate translation: “when Aksah arrived at Kiriath Sepher” (2) that the author is using this expression to describe Aksah entering Othniel’s household as his wife. Alternate translation: “once Aksah had married Othniel”
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15:18 j044 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that she persuaded him to request the field 1 The author is leaving implicit who was to make this request. The meaning does not seem to be that Aksah persuaded Othniel that he should **request** this **field** from Caleb, since he is not the one who asks; she is. In this culture, a young man such as Othniel may not have had the standing to make this kind of request from a leader such as Caleb. So the meaning seems to be that Aksah persuaded Othniel that she should ask for the field. In this culture, a daughter may have been able to make such a request of her father. Alternate translation: “that she persuaded him to allow her to request the field”
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15:18 j045 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the field from her father 1 The author has a particular **field** in view. The narrative suggests implicitly that Caleb had given some land to Othniel but that it was arid territory. It suggests further that near this land, there was some ground that was suitable for cultivation because it was watered by springs. You could state this information explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from her father some land that was nearby the land that he had already given to Othniel and that was watered by springs and so could be cultivated”
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15:18 j046 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis What for you? 1 Caleb is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “What would you like me to do for you?”
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15:19 j047 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative Give 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please give”
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15:19 j048 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a blessing 1 In this context, the word **blessing** is an abstract noun. It does not refer to something that someone would say to cause good and beneficial things to happen to a person. Instead, it refers to a good and beneficial thing itself. If your language does not use abstract nouns in this way, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “something that will benefit me”
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15:19 j049 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense you shall also give to me 1 Aksah is using a verb form that could either indicate what a person ought to do or what a person is going to do. This could mean: (1) that since the land Caleb gave Aksah and Othniel was dry, he also ought to give them some land with springs of water. Alternate translation: “you should also give me” (2) that Aksah is answering Caleb’s question and this is implicitly her request. Alternate translation: “my request is that you will also give me”
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15:19 j050 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy springs of waters & the upper springs and the lower springs 1 Aksah and the author are using these expressions to mean by association the land on which these **springs** were located. Alternate translation: “some land that has springs of waters … some land in that area where there were upper springs and lower springs”
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15:19 j051 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo springs of waters 1 It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “springs” or “land on which there are springs”
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15:20 e4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit This {is} the inheritance of 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, the author is using the term **inheritance** by association to mean a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “The following cities became the possession of”
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15:21 m7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at the end of the tribe of 1 The author is using the term **tribe** by association to mean the territory that belonged to this tribe. The context shows that by **end**, he means the southern end. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “at the southern end of the territory of the tribe of”
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15:21 n5p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kabzeel and Eder and Jagur 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, these names and all of the other names in verses 22–62 are the names of cities unless the text indicates otherwise with expressions such as “the wadi of Egypt” or “the Great Sea” as in [15:47](../15/47.md).
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15:25 b3k6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and Kerioth Hezron (it is Hazor) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Kerioth Hezron** is the one they know as **Hazor**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
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15:32 e8m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit All of the cities 1 The author assumes that readers will know he means the **cities** in the southern part of Judah’s territory. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “All of the cities in the southern part of the territory of Judah”
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15:33 e2p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis In the lowlands 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These were the cities in the lowlands of the territory of Judah”
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15:46 m6k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy {were} on the hand of Ashdod 1 The author is using the term **hand** by association to mean near or close by. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “were nearby Ashdod”
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15:47 n4p2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the wadi of Egypt 1 See how you translated this same name in [13:13](../13/13.md) and [15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “the Shihor River”
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15:47 h7k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys and the Great Sea and the border 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:23](../13/23.md) and [15:12](../15/12.md). Alternate translation: “and the coast of the Great Sea”
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15:48 e5m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And in the hill country 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And these were the cities in the hill country of the territory of Judah”
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15:49 b8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and Kiriath Sannah (it is Debir) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Kiriath Sannah** is the one they know as **Debir**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
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15:54 b2p6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background and Kiriath Arba (it is Hebron) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Kiriath Arba** is the one they know as **Hebron**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
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15:60 b4k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Kiriath Baal (it is Kiriath Jearim) 1 The author is providing background information to help readers understand that the city formerly known as **Kiriath Baal** is the one they know as **Kiriath Jearim**. In your translation, present this information in a way that would be natural in your own language and culture.
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15:61 e7m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis In the wilderness 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These were the cities in the wilderness of the territory of Judah”
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15:63 g3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Jebusite & the Jebusite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Jebusite**. He means the Jebusite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Jebusites … the Jebusites”
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16:intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Drive them out\n\nThe Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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16:1 b1k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִבְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ 1 The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh”
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16:2 g9td rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ל֑וּזָה & עֲטָרֽוֹת 1 These are the names of places.
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16:2 zs9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָאַרְכִּ֖י 1 This is the name of a people group.
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16:3 w8gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַיַּפְלֵטִ֗י 1 This is the name of a people group.
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16:3 id59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּית־חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן & גָּ֑זֶר 1 These are the names of places.
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16:4 u6fy בְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְאֶפְרָֽיִם 1 Alternate translation: “the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph”
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16:4 r4qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּנְחֲל֥וּ 1 The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received this land as their inheritance”
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16:5 f2i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גְּב֥וּל בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The territory … that Joshua assigned to their clans”
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16:5 m6lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר & בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן עֶלְיֽוֹן 1 These are the names of places.
|
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16:6 vg46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַֽמִּכְמְתָת֙ & תַּאֲנַ֣ת שִׁלֹ֑ה & יָנֽוֹחָה 1 These are the names of places.
|
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16:7 uyw7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִיָּנ֖וֹחָה עֲטָר֣וֹת וְנַעֲרָ֑תָה 1 These are the names of places.
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16:8 at1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִתַּפּ֜וּחַ & קָנָ֔ה 1 These are the names of places.
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16:8 mb6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם 1 The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance”
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16:8 ke41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which Joshua assigned to their clans”
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16:9 y6xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְהֶעָרִ֗ים הַמִּבְדָּלוֹת֙ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the cities that Joshua had chosen”
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16:9 f1yc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה 1 The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance”
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16:10 au8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה 1 See how you translated the phrase **until this day** in [4:9](../04/09.md) where it occurs with the same meaning.
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16:10 fth4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves”
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16:1 m4n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the lot 1 The author is using the term **lot** by association to mean the territory that was assigned by casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the territory assigned by lot”
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16:1 m2p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor for the sons of Joseph 1 The author is speaking as if the people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were actually the **sons** of Joseph. Alternate translation: “for the descendants of Joseph”
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16:1 m7k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the waters of Jericho from the sunrise 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sunrise** by association to mean the direction where the sun rises, that is, the east. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “to the waters east of Jericho”
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16:3 m5n8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy toward the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here the author is using the term **sea** by association to mean the direction of the Mediterranean Sea, that is, from his perspective, the west. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “westward”
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16:2 otie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names from Bethel to Luz 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, all names in border descriptions and lists, such as are found in this chapter, are the names of cities and towns unless otherwise indicated in the biblical text, in a note, or in the UST. So the words **Bethel** and **Luz** are the names of cities, as are similar words throughout this chapter.
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16:3 m8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the border of the Japhletite, unto the border of Lower Beth Horon 1 The author is using the term **border** by association to mean territory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the territory of the Japhletites, to the territory of Lower Beth Horon”
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16:3 g3p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Japhletite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Japhletite**. He means the members of the Japhletite people group in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Japhletites”
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16:3 e6k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and its goings out were at the sea 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, when the author says **the sea**, typically he means the Mediterranean Sea. You could indicate this explicitly in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers, here and throughout this chapter. Alternate translation: “and the border ended at the Mediterranean Sea”
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16:4 m9n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor And the sons of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim 1 The author is speaking as if the people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh were actually the **sons** of Joseph. Alternate translation: “And the descendants of Joseph, the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim”
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||||
16:4 m3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy inherited 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author is using by association the idea of inheriting to mean receiving a lasting possession that would be passed down to future generations. Alternate translation: “received territory as a lasting possession”
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16:5 i7p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the sunrise was Ataroth Addar unto Upper Beth Horon 1 As the General Introduction to Joshua discusses, here and throughout this chapter, the author is describing the location of one place relative another in the way that is characteristic of his culture. In your translation, express this in the way your culture describes the relative location of places. Alternate translation: “began at Ataroth Addar and went west to Upper Beth Horon”
|
||||
16:9 p7n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive set apart 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Israelite leaders set apart”
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16:10 g4k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the Canaanite & the Canaanite 1 The author is not referring to a specific **Canaanite**. He means Canaanites in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “the Canaanites … the Canaanites”
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17:intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes\n\n## Religious and Cultural Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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17:1 j2sj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְמָכִיר֩ 1 These are men’s names.
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17:1 zuz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַֽיְהִי־ל֖וֹ הַגִּלְעָ֥ד וְהַבָּשָֽׁן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants”
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