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@ -1836,7 +1836,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
15:30 msq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְֽאוֹר־עֵ֭ינַיִם 1 Here, Solomon refers to a joyful facial expression as if the person’s **eyes** shined brightly like a **luminary** body, such as the Sun. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression”
15:30 d2bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֑ב 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [6:18](../06/18.md).
15:30 e7v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁמוּעָ֥ה ט֝וֹבָ֗ה 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that he is referring to someone hearing **good news**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “hearing good news”
15:30 w1t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תְּדַשֶּׁן־עָֽצֶם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **good news** making people feel healthy as if it **fattens** their bones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes people to feel healthy”
15:30 w1t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תְּדַשֶּׁן־עָֽצֶם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **good news** making people feel healthy as if it **fattens** their bones. The word **bone** here refers to a person’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes people to feel healthy”
15:31 vet3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֹ֗זֶן & תּוֹכַ֣חַת 1 **An ear** and **the rebuke** represent those things in general, not one particular **ear** or **rebuke**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Ears … rebukes of”
15:31 kgsf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֹ֗זֶן 1 Here, **ear** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person”
15:31 lmpa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תּוֹכַ֣חַת חַיִּ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rebuke** that results in **life**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the rebuke that leads to life”
@ -1853,68 +1853,172 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
15:33 lbcz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מוּסַ֣ר חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **instruction** that results in **wisdom**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is instruction that results in wisdom”
15:33 atwb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י כָב֣וֹד עֲנָוָֽה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person having **humility** before **honor** as if **humility** were **before the face of honor**. See how you translated the same use of **before the face of** in [8:25](../08/25.md). Alternate translation: “and humility exists before the honor exists”
15:33 w2h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲנָוָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **humility**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is being humble”
16:intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### King and royalty\n\nSome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
16:1 bqu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The plans of the heart belong to a person 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind”
16:1 hf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made.
16:1 j1hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the answer from his tongue 0 The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks”
16:2 m6li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure”
16:4 ccq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis even the wicked for the day of trouble 0 The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble”
16:5 lkb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche everyone who has an arrogant heart 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant”
16:5 cq2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes they will not go unpunished 0 The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:6 t6t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for 0 The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:6 sn15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor people turn away from evil 0 The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things”
16:7 i6tc he makes 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes”
16:8 u992 a large income 0 Alternate translation: “earning a lot of money”
16:8 a4dx with injustice 0 Alternate translation: “with wrongdoing”
16:9 wyx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy In his heart a person plans out his way 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:9 y8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh directs his steps 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk.
16:10 ak2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king 0 Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions”
16:10 ul24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his mouth should not betray justice 0 The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges”
16:11 hb1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Honest scales come from Yahweh 0 Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling.
16:11 c4kd all the weights in the bag are his work 0 Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
16:12 tie4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive that is something to be despised 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises”
16:12 yr8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for a throne is established by doing what is right 0 Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:13 sfa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche lips that say what is right 0 Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth”
16:14 lfm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A king’s wrath is a messenger of death 0 The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death”
16:15 av7j 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
16:15 f1pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor In the light of a king’s face is life 0 The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live”
16:15 a5n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain 0 The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them.
16:16 rgj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How much better it is to get wisdom than gold 0 This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold”
16:16 bn5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive To get understanding should be chosen more than silver 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver”
16:17 ffx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The highway of upright people 0 The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live”
16:17 a2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turns away from evil 0 The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil”
16:18 qp3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a haughty spirit 0 Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude”
16:18 yz53 a downfall 0 Alternate translation: “ruin” or “failure”
16:19 s4fk spoil 0 goods taken in battle
16:20 zg3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive what they are taught 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned”
16:21 lrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The one who is wise in heart is called discerning 0 This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person”
16:21 hq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The one who is wise in heart 0 Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking”
16:21 w5ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sweetness of speech 0 The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech”
16:22 y5ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Understanding is a fountain of life 0 The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water”
16:23 rbc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The heart of a wise person gives 0 Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives”
16:23 qa4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy gives insight to his mouth 0 Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise”
16:23 i4qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to his lips 0 Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says”
16:24 ye3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche healing to the bones 0 Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body”
16:25 v8l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy There is a way that seems right to a man 0 The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right”
16:25 es6x but its end is the way to death 0 The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
16:26 fc7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The laborer’s appetite works for him 0 The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite”
16:26 gb4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification his hunger urges him on 0 The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry”
16:27 r16q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A worthless person digs up mischief 0 The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground”
16:27 sga2 worthless 0 Alternate translation: “useless” or “wicked”
16:27 q5zk mischief 0 trouble
16:27 xs7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his speech is like a scorching fire 0 The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches”
16:28 x2b5 a gossip 0 a person who gossips or spreads rumors
16:29 mk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit A man of violence lies to his neighbor 0 It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor”
16:29 i6a5 A man of violence 0 Alternate translation: “A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
16:29 f3dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor leads him down a path that is not good 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good”
16:29 m8qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a path that is not good 0 The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path”
16:30 p1tu The one who winks the eye … those who purse the lips 0 Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
16:30 wy6w will bring evil to pass 0 Alternate translation: “will do evil things”
16:31 aj89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Gray hair is a crown of glory 0 The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:31 y1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it is gained 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person gains it”
16:32 x3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor one who rules his spirit 0 The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper”
16:33 ei8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The lots are cast into the lap 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap”
16:33 js5x the decision is from Yahweh 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
16:intro mu2u 0 # Proverbs 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 10–15 mostly contain proverbs that consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other. In contrast, chapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 16 also contains contrasting parallelism ([16:1](../16/01.md), [2](../16/02.md), [9](../16/09.md), [14](../16/14.md), [22](../16/22.md), [33](../16/33.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([16:11](../16/11.md), [16](../16/16.md), [18](../16/18.md), [30](../16/30.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
16:1 aoh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ⁠אָדָ֥ם מַֽעַרְכֵי־לֵ֑ב וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠יְהוָ֗ה מַעֲנֵ֥ה לָשֽׁוֹן 1 Here, **the heart**, **a man's**, **the answer**, and **the tongue** refer to these things and people in general, not a specific thing or person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “The arrangements of the hearts are those people’s, but the answers of the tongues are from Yahweh”
16:1 lzbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַֽעַרְכֵי־לֵ֑ב & מַעֲנֵ֥ה לָשֽׁוֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **arrangements** and **answer**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **answer** in [15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “Things that the heart arranges … what the tongue answers”
16:1 e2qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַֽעַרְכֵי־לֵ֑ב 1 **The arrangements of the heart** here could mean: (1) **arrangements** about what to say, which is suggested by the phrase **the answer of the tongue** in the next clause. Alternate translation: “The arrangements of the heart regarding what to say” (2) human **arrangements** in general. Alternate translation: “The arrangements of the heart about something”
16:1 bqu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֑ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
16:1 ynq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠אָדָ֥ם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **arrangements** that are determined by the person who makes them. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are determined by a man” or “are determined by those who make them”
16:1 hf8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַעֲנֵ֥ה לָשֽׁוֹן 1 Here, **the answer of the tongue** refers to **the answer** that someone speaks by using **the tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md). Alternate translation: “what one says in reply” or “the spoken answer”
16:1 ggkx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַעֲנֵ֥ה לָשֽׁוֹן 1 Here, **the answer of the tongue** could refer to: (1) an **answer** related to the **arrangements** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “the answer of the tongue about those arrangements” (2) an **answer** in general. Alternate translation: “any answer of the tongue”
16:1 j1hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠יְהוָ֗ה 1 Here, **is from Yahweh** indicates that **Yahweh** is who determines **the answer of the tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is determined by Yahweh”
16:2 rtc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).\n
16:2 y7ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֭ישׁ & בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “any person … in that person’s eyes”
16:2 m6li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **eyes** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
16:2 g38w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠תֹכֵ֖ן & יְהוָֽה 1 Here, **examines** refers to judging or evaluating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh judges”
16:2 cdo5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רוּח֣וֹת 1 Here, **spirits** refers to the thoughts and motives of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people’s thoughts”\n
16:3 ejds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גֹּ֣ל אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה מַעֲשֶׂ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people depending on Yahweh for the outcome of their **works** as if those **works** were objects that one could **Roll to Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Depend on Yahweh for the outcome of your works”
16:3 x2z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מַעֲשֶׂ֑י⁠ךָ & מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **works** in [8:22](../08/22.md) and **plans** in [1:31](../01/31.md).
16:3 ivq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ֝⁠יִכֹּ֗נוּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh will establish your plans”
16:3 rubi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠יִכֹּ֗נוּ 1 Here, Solomon uses **established** to refer to something being achieved or successful. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and … will be successful”\n
16:4 oswg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כֹּ֤ל & לַֽ⁠מַּעֲנֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 Solomon is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean everything that exists. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all things for their own purposes”
16:4 xn40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַֽ⁠מַּעֲנֵ֑⁠הוּ & רָעָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **purpose** and **evil**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “for what they will accomplish … what is evil”
16:4 ccq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠גַם־רָ֝שָׁ֗ע 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and Yahweh has even made a wicked one”
16:4 opfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֝שָׁ֗ע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
16:4 zekt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠י֣וֹם רָעָֽה 1 Here, **the day of evil** could refer to a time when **wicked** people experience disaster. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the time of disaster”\n
16:5 zp0g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:32](../03/32.md).
16:5 lkb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גְּבַהּ־לֵ֑ב 1 Here, Solomon refers to a proud person as if that person had a **heart** that was **high**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one who is proud” or “arrogant one”
16:5 wh4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָ֥ד לְ֝⁠יָ֗ד 1 See how you translated this phrase in [11:21](../11/21.md).
16:5 ixub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person will not remain blameless”
16:5 cq2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה 1 See how you translated **will not remain blameless** in [11:21](../11/21.md).
16:6 uii6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד וֶ֭⁠אֱמֶת יְכֻפַּ֣ר עָוֺ֑ן 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “By having covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness a person’s iniquity is atoned for”
16:6 t6t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד וֶ֭⁠אֱמֶת & עָוֺ֑ן & מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** in [3:3](../03/03.md), **iniquity** in [6:12](../06/12.md), and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
16:6 qe14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּ⁠חֶ֣סֶד וֶ֭⁠אֱמֶת יְכֻפַּ֣ר עָוֺ֑ן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness atones for iniquity”
16:6 hi9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠בְ⁠יִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 See how you translated **the fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
16:6 sn15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 See how you translated **turns away from evil** in [14:16](../14/16.md).
16:7 i6tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
16:7 n3cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֑ישׁ גַּם־א֝וֹיְבָ֗י⁠ו & אִתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although **man**, **his**, and **him** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … even that person’s enemies … with that person”
16:8 zarx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מְ֭עַט & מֵ⁠רֹ֥ב תְּ֝בוּא֗וֹת בְּ⁠לֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is having a little … than having an abundance of produce without having justice”\n
16:8 u992 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj טוֹב־מְ֭עַט 1 See how you translated this phrase in [15:16](../15/16.md).
16:8 a4dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠צְדָקָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to being righteous as if that **righteousness** were an object that someone could have **with** **a little**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “while having righteousness” or “while being righteous”\n
16:8 kbzx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רֹ֥ב תְּ֝בוּא֗וֹת בְּ⁠לֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 See how you translated **an abundance of produce** in [14:4](../14/04.md) and **no justice** in [13:23](../13/23.md).
16:8 m215 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠לֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, Solomon refers to lacking **justice** as if **justice** were an object that someone did not have **with** **an abundance of produce**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and not having justice” or “while having no justice”\n
16:9 wyx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֣ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
16:9 e22o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָ֭דָם & דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ &צַעֲדֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … that person’s way … that person’s step”
16:9 knxw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a person wants to do as if it were a **way** he walks on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what he wants to do”
16:9 y8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָכִ֥ין צַעֲדֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh determining the individual events related to the working out of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were guiding that person where to **step**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “determines how that plan proceeds”
16:10 drmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קֶ֤סֶם ׀ עַֽל־שִׂפְתֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ 1 **Divination** usually refers to the practice of trying to get information from spirits, which is a practice that Yahweh prohibited. However, Solomon uses the word here to refer to **a king** correctly communicating God’s decisions as God’s representative. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Divinely inspired decisions are on the lips of a king”
16:10 ibur rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קֶ֤סֶם & בְּ֝⁠מִשְׁפָּ֗ט 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Divination** and **judgment**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “What someone discerns from God … when he judges”
16:10 ak2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵי 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:21](../10/21.md).
16:10 bwly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֶ֑לֶךְ 1 This verse describes the traits of an ideal, righteous **king**, not any **king** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “an ideal king”
16:10 bhie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֑לֶךְ & פִּֽי⁠ו 1 Here, **king** and **his** represents righteous kings, not one particular **king**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any good king … that king’s mouth”
16:10 ul24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּֽי⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
16:10 mh41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לֹ֣א יִמְעַל 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a king says not being unjust as if **his mouth** were a person who **will not act unfaithfully**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not be unjust”
16:10 gn12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א יִמְעַל 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will certainly act faithfully”
16:11 c4kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פֶּ֤לֶס ׀ וּ⁠מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭שְׁפָּט לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗⁠הוּ כָּל־אַבְנֵי־כִֽיס 1 The implication of the references to a **balance**, **scales**, and **stones** in this verse is that God wants people to be honest when selling or buying things. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “A balance and scales of justice are for Yahweh; all the stones of the bag are his work, so be honest”
16:11 fhps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism פֶּ֤לֶס ׀ וּ⁠מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭שְׁפָּט לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗⁠הוּ כָּל־אַבְנֵי־כִֽיס 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “A balance and scales of justice are for Yahweh; yes, all the stones of the bag are his work”
16:11 o2bm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פֶּ֤לֶס ׀ וּ⁠מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭שְׁפָּט 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **balance and scales** that are characterized by **justice**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A just balance and scales”
16:11 qzsp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet פֶּ֤לֶס ׀ וּ⁠מֹאזְנֵ֣י 1 Both of the terms **balance** and **scales** refer to instruments that are used for determining the weight of an object or comparing the weight of two objects. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could use a single phrase. See how you translated **scales** in [11:1](../11/01.md). Alternate translation: “Instruments for measuring weight of”
16:11 hb1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה מַ֝עֲשֵׂ֗⁠הוּ 1 In this verse, the phrases **are for Yahweh** and **are his work** indicate that accurate weighing instruments belong to **Yahweh** in that the idea of honest weighing instruments originated with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “come from Yahweh … are his design” or “originated with Yahweh … are designed by him”
16:11 w1gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כָּל־אַבְנֵי־כִֽיס 1 The phrase **stones of the bag** refers to the weights that were placed on the **scales** in order to determine the weight of an object. These **stones** were carried by merchants in a **bag**. The **scales** consist of a central post with a crossbar from which two pans are hung. An object may be placed in one pan and these **stones** that have specific weights are placed in the other pan until the crossbar remains level, meaning that both pans contain an equal weight. If your readers would not be familiar with this method of determining weight, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “all the weights” or “all the stones used for determining weight”
16:12 qobz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת & רֶ֑שַׁע & בִ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **abomination** in [3:32](../03/32.md), **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md), and **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
16:12 u9g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְ֭לָכִים 1 This verse describes the traits of ideal, righteous **kings**, not any **kings** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “ideal kings”
16:12 z6fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בִ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה יִכּ֥וֹן כִּסֵּֽא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “righteousness establishes a throne”
16:12 hqs7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִכּ֥וֹן כִּסֵּֽא 1 Here, **established** refers to a king having stable and enduring authority over his people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is a throne made secure” or “is a throne made to endure”\n
16:12 yr8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כִּסֵּֽא 1 Here, **throne** refers to a king’s authority, which is represented by the **throne** that a king sits on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a king’s authority”
16:13 nnfm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism רְצ֣וֹן מְ֭לָכִים שִׂפְתֵי־צֶ֑דֶק וְ⁠דֹבֵ֖ר יְשָׁרִ֣ים יֶאֱהָֽב 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “The delight of kings are lips of righteousness, yes, he loves one who speaks upright things”
16:13 q2uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רְצ֣וֹן & צֶ֑דֶק 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **delight** in [14:35](../14/35.md) and **righteousness** in [8:20](../08/20.md).
16:13 sfa1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְ֭לָכִים 1 This verse describes the traits of ideal, righteous **kings**, not any **kings** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “ideal kings”
16:13 c0v0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שִׂפְתֵי־צֶ֑דֶק 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are righteous lips”\n
16:13 k2h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵי 1 Here, **lips** refers to what people say by moving their **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are sayings of”\n
16:13 c9xz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יֶאֱהָֽב 1 Here, **he** refers to the **kings** in the previous clause, not one particular king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “kings love”
16:13 t9or rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠דֹבֵ֖ר 1 Here, **one who speaks** refers to a type of people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “and … any person who speaks”
16:14 rn5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲמַת 1 See how you translated the same use of **heat** in [6:34](../06/34.md).
16:14 qy87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֥לֶךְ & וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ חָכָ֣ם 1 Here, **a king** and **a wise man** represent types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any king … but any wise man”\n
16:14 xdvk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מַלְאֲכֵי־מָ֑וֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **messengers** who cause **death**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is messengers who cause death”
16:14 lfm4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מַלְאֲכֵי־מָ֑וֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of an angry king causing people to die as if his anger were **messengers** whom he sends out to kill someone. If Alternate translation: “puts people to death” or “causes death”
16:14 afh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָ֑וֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
16:14 lsz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְכַפְּרֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, **atone for it** refers to doing something that will cause an angry **king** to stop being angry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “assuage the king’s anger” or “do what can stop the king from being angry”
16:15 f1pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אוֹר־פְּנֵי־מֶ֥לֶךְ חַיִּ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon refers to people staying alive as if **life** were an object that is located **In the light of the face of the king**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The light of the face of the king causes people to stay alive”
16:15 av7j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אוֹר־פְּנֵי 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the king** smiling because he is happy as if it were **the light of the face**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In the smile of” or “In the happiness of”
16:15 wigt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֥לֶךְ & וּ֝⁠רְצוֹנ֗⁠וֹ 1 The words **the king** and **his** represents kings in general, not one particular **king**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any king … and that king’s favor”
16:15 fnnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠רְצוֹנ֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
16:15 a5n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠עָ֣ב מַלְקֽוֹשׁ 1 Here, Solomon compares the king showing **favor** towards someone with a **cloud** that brings **rain** in the **spring** that is needed for crops to grow. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “benefits a person” or “refreshes a person like clouds bring rain in springtime that refreshes crops”
16:16 rgj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קְֽנֹה־חָכְמָ֗ה מַה־טּ֥וֹב מֵ⁠חָר֑וּץ וּ⁠קְנ֥וֹת בִּ֝ינָ֗ה נִבְחָ֥ר מִ⁠כָּֽסֶף 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “How better it is to acquire wisdom than gold, yes, to acquire understanding is to be chosen more than silver”
16:16 ylp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֗ה & בִּ֝ינָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **understanding** in [2:2](../02/02.md).\n
16:16 bn5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠קְנ֥וֹת בִּ֝ינָ֗ה נִבְחָ֥ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people should choose to acquire understanding”
16:17 ffx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְסִלַּ֣ת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **upright** behavior as if it were a well-built **highway**, free of obstacles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The behavior of”\n
16:17 a2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [14:16](../14/16.md).
16:17 m87o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רָ֑ע & נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md) and **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
16:17 t8nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ נֹצֵ֥ר דַּרְכּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **one who protects** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any person who protects that person’s life guards that person’s way”
16:17 a6l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁמֵ֥ר נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person who wants to stay alive as if **his life** were something that he **protects**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one who keeps himself alive”
16:17 svdh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֹצֵ֥ר דַּרְכּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person being careful about how he behaves as if his behavior were a **way** that he **guards**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “behaves carefully” or “is careful in how he behaves”
16:18 k7sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לִ⁠פְנֵי־שֶׁ֥בֶר גָּא֑וֹן וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Before the face of breaking is pride, yes, before the face of a stumbling is a height of spirit”
16:18 b9ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לִ⁠פְנֵי־שֶׁ֥בֶר גָּא֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone having **pride** before experiencing **breaking** as if **breaking** were a person with a **face** that **pride** could be in front of. See how you translated the same use of **Before the face of** in [8:25](../08/25.md). Alternate translation: “Pride exists before breaking”\n
16:18 l2gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠פְנֵי־שֶׁ֥בֶר גָּא֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon implies that **pride** results in **breaking**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Pride results in breaking”
16:18 fmx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֶׁ֥בֶר 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person being destroyed as if they experience **breaking**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “destruction” or “being destroyed”
16:18 uxwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גָּא֑וֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **pride** in [8:13](../08/13.md).
16:18 tfak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone having **height of spirit** before experiencing **stumbling** as if **stumbling** were a person with a **face** that **height of spirit** could be in front of. See how you translated the same use of **before the face of** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “a height of spirit exists before stumbling”
16:18 qw9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ 1 Here, Solomon implies that **a height of spirit** results in **stumbling**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and a height of spirit results in a stumbling”
16:18 ak0b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person being destroyed as if they experience **stumbling**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “destruction” or “being destroyed”
16:18 qp3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person being proud as if pride were **a height of spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is pride” or “is being proud”\n
16:19 s4fk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁפַל־ר֭וּחַ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a being humble as if humility were being **lowly of spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be humble” or “is being humble”
16:19 u04r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵֽ⁠חַלֵּ֥ק שָׁ֝לָ֗ל אֶת־גֵּאִֽים 1 Here, Solomon uses **share** to imply that the one who is sharing **a portion of spoil** is also one of the **proud ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “than to be one of the proud ones and share a portion of their spoil”
16:19 xjkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁ֝לָ֗ל 1 The word **spoil** refers to things that victorious soldiers take from the enemies they have defeated. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “goods taken in battle”
16:20 nuo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַשְׂכִּ֣יל & וּ⁠בוֹטֵ֖חַ & אַשְׁרָֽי⁠ו 1 **One who comprehends**, **one who trusts**, and **he** here represent types of people in general, not particular people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who comprehends … and any person who trusts … that person is happy”
16:20 tkio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשְׂכִּ֣יל עַל־דָּ֭בָר 1 This phrase could refer to: (1) someone who acts prudently in various matters. Alternate translation: “One who acts sensibly” (2) someone who heeds instruction, in which case the word translated **matter** would refer to instruction. Alternate translation: “One who heeds instruction”
16:20 zg3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִמְצָא־ט֑וֹב 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone prospering as if they found **good**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will prosper”
16:21 hq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֭ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
16:21 lrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִקָּרֵ֣א נָב֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call the understanding one”
16:21 cj0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נָב֑וֹן 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md).
16:21 w5ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מֶ֥תֶק שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were **sweetness** that comes from what people say by speaking with their **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pleasant speech”
16:21 f79y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
16:22 y5ux rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:11](../10/11.md).
16:22 c2nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שֵׂ֣כֶל & וּ⁠מוּסַ֖ר & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md), **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md), and **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
16:22 ux8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠מוּסַ֖ר אֱוִלִ֣ים אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 This clause could mean: (1) **folly** causes punishment for **fools**, in which case the word translated **instruction** refers to discipline or punishment. Alternate translation: “but folly causes punishment for fools” (2) it is **foolish** to try to instruct **fools**. Alternate translation: “but instructing fools is folly”
16:23 rbc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֣ב חָ֭כָם יַשְׂכִּ֣יל פִּ֑י⁠הוּ וְ⁠עַל־שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו יֹסִ֥יף לֶֽקַח 1 **The heart of the wise**, **his**, and **it** here refer to these things and people in general, not a specific **heart** or **wise** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “The hearts of wise people make their mouths insightful, and on their lips they increase learning”\n
16:23 ve5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֣ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
16:23 qa4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md) and **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
16:23 i4qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֹסִ֥יף לֶֽקַח 1 Here, Solomon implies that what **the wise** says **increases learning** of other people who hear what **the wise** say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “it increases what other people learn”
16:24 rw56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy צוּף־דְּ֭בַשׁ 1 The phrase **dripping of honey** refers to honeycomb, which is what bees store honey in, so that **honey** drips from it. However, here Solomon is using the phrase to refer to how pleasing **words of pleasantness** are. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Extremely pleasing” or “Please like a honeycomb”
16:24 spni rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אִמְרֵי־נֹ֑עַם 1 See how you translated **words of pleasantness** in [15:26](../15/26.md).\n
16:24 leud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מָת֥וֹק לַ֝⁠נֶּפֶשׁ וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֥א לָ⁠עָֽצֶם 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “those words are sweet to the soul and healing to the bone”
16:24 tse2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מָת֥וֹק לַ֝⁠נֶּפֶשׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person feeling pleasant as if that person’s **soul** were a person who had tasted something **sweet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “pleasing a person” or “like something that tastes sweet to the soul”
16:24 ye3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠מַרְפֵּ֥א לָ⁠עָֽצֶם 1 Here, **bone** refers to a person’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of **bone** in [15:30](../15/30.md). Alternate translation: “healing to the body”
16:25 v8l9 יֵ֤שׁ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יָ֭שָׁר לִ⁠פְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְ֝⁠אַחֲרִיתָ֗⁠הּ דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the identical sentence in [14:12](../14/12.md).
16:26 gu5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶ֣פֶשׁ עָ֭מֵל עָ֣מְלָה לּ֑⁠וֹ כִּֽי־אָכַ֖ף עָלָ֣י⁠ו פִּֽי⁠הוּ 1 **The appetite**, **the laborer**, **him**, and **his** here refer to appetites and laborers in general, not to any particular **appetite** or **laborer**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “The appetites of laborers labor for them, for their mouths press on them”
16:26 qgqh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נֶ֣פֶשׁ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **appetite** in [6:30](../06/30.md).
16:26 fc7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification עָ֣מְלָה לּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **The appetite of the laborer** benefitting **the laborer** as if it were a person who **labors** on his behalf. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “benefits him” or “is like a person who helps him while he is working”
16:26 qj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּֽי⁠הוּ 1 Here, **mouth** refers to the desire to eat, which involves using one’s **mouth**. It has the same meaning as **appetite** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his hunger” or “his desire to eat”
16:26 gb4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אָכַ֖ף עָלָ֣י⁠ו פִּֽי⁠הוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of hunger motivating a **laborer** to continue working as if that laborer’s **mouth** were a person who **presses on him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “being hungry makes him keep working” or “being hungry is like a person who urges him to keep working”
16:27 sga2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ בְּ֭לִיַּעַל 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:12](../06/12.md).
16:27 whee rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ בְּ֭לִיַּעַל & שפתי⁠ו 1 **A man of worthlessness** and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person of worthlessness … that person’s lips”
16:27 r16q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֹּרֶ֣ה רָעָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person planning how to harm other people as if that person were digging **evil** out of the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “plans how to harm people” or “plans how to harm people as if he were digging up evil”
16:27 q5zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָעָ֑ה 1 Here, **evil** refers to trouble that someone experiences as a result of the **evil** done by **A man of worthlessness**. See how you translated the same use of **evil** in [12:21](../12/21.md).
16:27 h7wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠עַל־שפתי⁠ו כְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ צָרָֽבֶת 1 Here, **on his lips** refers to what a person says while moving his **lips**. See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “and what he says is like a scorching fire”
16:27 xs7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠אֵ֣שׁ צָרָֽבֶת 1 Solomon is saying that the **evil** things that **A man of worthlessness** says are **like a scorching fire** because both can hurt people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “it hurts people like a scorching fire”
16:28 nw1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֭הְפֻּכוֹת & וְ֝נִרְגָּ֗ן מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף 1 **A man of perverse things**, **a murmurer**, **one who separates**, and **a close friend** here refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any man of perverse things … and any murmurer is a person who separates close friends”
16:28 x2b5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ תַּ֭הְפֻּכוֹת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by saying **perverse things**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A perverse man” or “A man who says perverse things”
16:28 e2vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְשַׁלַּ֣ח מָד֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon refers to **A man of perverse things** causing **strife** between other people as if **strife** were an animal that he **lets loose**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes strife”
16:28 r0e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָד֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **strife**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people arguing”
16:28 h4u0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝נִרְגָּ֗ן 1 Here, Solomon calls a person who gossips or tells harmful rumors about people **a murmurer** because they murmur or whisper when they gossip. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a gossiper” or “and one who whispers to gossip”
16:28 q6aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מַפְרִ֥יד 1 Here, Solomon refers to causing friends to no longer be friends as if someone **separates** them from each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is one who destroys the friendship of”
16:28 is7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַפְרִ֥יד אַלּֽוּף 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that this phrase refers to separating **a close friend** from that person’s friend. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “is one who separates a close friend from his friend” or “is one who separates close friends”
16:29 mk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֣ישׁ חָ֭מָס & רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ וְ֝⁠הוֹלִיכ֗⁠וֹ 1 **A man of violence**, **his neighbor**, **he**, and **him** here refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person of violence … that person’s neighbor, and that person leads that neighbor”
16:29 i6a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ חָ֭מָס 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:31](../03/31.md).
16:29 f3dd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠הוֹלִיכ֗⁠וֹ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **A man of violence** causing **his neighbor** to behave in a manner **that is not good** as if he were leading **his neighbor** down a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **way** in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “and he causes him to behave in a manner”
16:29 c2qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ לֹא־טֽוֹב 1 This could refer to: (1) behavior **that is not good**. Alternate translation: “to behave in a manner that is not good” (2) behavior that results in something **not good** happening to that person. Alternate translation: “to behave in a manner that has not good results”
16:29 m8qs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־טֽוֹב 1 Here, Solomon uses the negative word **not** with **good** to emphasize how bad this **way** is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that is very bad”
16:30 wy6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֹצֶ֣ה עֵ֭ינָי⁠ו לַ⁠חְשֹׁ֣ב & קֹרֵ֥ץ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו כִּלָּ֥ה רָעָֽה 1 **One who shuts his eyes** and **one who compresses his lips** here refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “People who shut their eyes plan … people who compress their lips bring evil to completion”
16:30 p1tu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction עֹצֶ֣ה עֵ֭ינָי⁠ו & קֹרֵ֥ץ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו 1 Both **shuts his eyes** and **compresses his lips** are facial gestures which people could use to signal to others that they were about to do something **evil** that they had planned. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “One who signals to others by shutting his eyes … one who signals to others by compressing his lips”
16:30 lie4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָעָֽה 1 Here, **evil** refers to an evil action that **one who compresses his lips** had planned to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an evil act he had planned”
16:31 hqfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שֵׂיבָ֑ה 1 **Gray hair** here refers to old age, which is when people’s **hair** usually becomes **Gray**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Old age”
16:31 aj89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to the honor of being an old person as if the old person’s **Gray hair** were a **crown of splendor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning or use a simile. See how you translated **a crown of splendor** in [4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “is a great honor” or “is like a crown of splendor on an old person’s head”
16:31 d1fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in the righteous way”
16:31 thaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
16:31 y1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּמָּצֵֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person finds it”
16:31 andi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּמָּצֵֽא 1 Here, Solomon refers to becoming old, which **Gray hair** represents, as if it were an object that a person could find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is obtained”\n
16:32 x3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם מִ⁠גִּבּ֑וֹר וּ⁠מֹשֵׁ֥ל בְּ֝⁠רוּח֗⁠וֹ מִ⁠לֹּכֵ֥ד 1 Here, **one long of nostrils**, **a mighty one**, **on who rules his spirit**, and **one who captures** represent these types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is any person long of nostrils than any mighty person, and any person who rules over that person’s spirit than any person who captures”
16:32 q1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם 1 See how you translated **one long of nostrils** in [14:29](../14/29.md).
16:32 jxus rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠מֹשֵׁ֥ל בְּ֝⁠רוּח֗⁠וֹ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and better is one who rules his spirit”
16:32 omyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ⁠מֹשֵׁ֥ל בְּ֝⁠רוּח֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person controlling **his spirit** as if it were a person who could be ruled over. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and one who controls his spirit”
16:32 upn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ֝⁠רוּח֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **spirit** refers to a person’s emotions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his emotions”\n
16:32 kovo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מִ⁠לֹּכֵ֥ד עִֽיר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person conquering a **city** and capturing the people who live in it as if the **city** were a person who could captured. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “than one who conquers a city”
16:32 mzu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠לֹּכֵ֥ד עִֽיר 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that **one who captures a city** is very **mighty**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “than one mighty enough to capture a city”
16:33 kg6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל & כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטֽ⁠וֹ 1 **A lot**, **the lap**, and **its** refer to these things in general, not to a specific **lot** and **lap**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any lot is cast into a person’s lap … that lots every judgment”
16:33 rvg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל 1 **A lot** was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help decide something. People believed that God would guide the **lot** so that it showed them what to do. If your culture has a similar object, you could use the word for that in your language here. Alternate translation: “A marked stone is cast into the lap” or “People throw dice”\n
16:33 ei8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws a lot into a lap”
16:33 js5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **judgment** refers to the decision that is made based on the result of casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “its every decision” or “whatever happens with the lot”
17:intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
17:1 ecu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to have quiet 0 Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace”
17:1 p2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis than a house full of feasting with strife 0 The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife”
@ -2043,7 +2147,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
18:21 l141 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will eat its fruit 0 This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences”
18:24 wg3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive many friends is brought to ruin by them 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him”
18:24 zc7f comes closer than 0 Alternate translation: “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
19:intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
19:intro nbz8 0 # Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n
19:1 ev8n Better is a poor person 0 Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person”
19:1 bpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who walks in his integrity 0 This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life”
19:1 wj4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns is perverse in speech 0 The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way”
@ -2052,7 +2156,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:3 ivv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his heart rages 0 Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages”
19:4 q8uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Wealth adds many friends 0 This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends”
19:4 v5qy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a poor person is separated from his friends 0 A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends”
19:5 l99e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives A false witness will not go unpunished 0 This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:5 i2ws rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes he who breathes out lies will not escape 0 This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies”
19:5 q13j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom breathes out lies 0 This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
19:6 gms6 a generous person 0 someone who often gives away things
@ -2061,13 +2164,12 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:8 ll4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy loves his own life 0 Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself”
19:8 v9e9 keeps understanding 0 Alternate translation: “has understanding”
19:9 phm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives A false witness will not go unpunished 0 This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:9 a1nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom breathes out lies 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies”
19:9 a1nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom breathes out lies 0 This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying easily. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “easily lies”
19:10 f4zn It is not fitting 0 Alternate translation: “It is not right”
19:10 pq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis much less for a slave 0 The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave”
19:11 ah27 Discretion makes a person slow to anger 0 Alternate translation: “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
19:11 j1li Discretion 0 This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
19:11 p96c it is his glory to overlook 0 Alternate translation: “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
19:11 gc21 to overlook 0 to forget on purpose
19:12 vbv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion 0 Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:12 m29g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile but his favor is like dew on the grass 0 The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning”
19:13 v325 is ruin to his father 0 Alternate translation: “will ruin a father”
@ -2084,9 +2186,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:17 zw6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh 0 Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh”
19:17 qx9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people”
19:18 nw29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit while there is hope 0 This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught”
19:18 md5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and do not set your desire on putting him to death 0 This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself”
19:18 hky1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom set your desire on putting him 0 This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him”
19:19 n85t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom A hot-tempered person 0 This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly”
19:19 f2vs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom must pay the penalty 0 This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:19 s1da rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit if you rescue him 0 “if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst”
19:19 dnq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal a second time 0 “another time” or “again”
@ -2103,7 +2203,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:24 r3ts rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he will not even bring it back up to his mouth 0 He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself”
19:25 svj3 Strike a mocker, and the naive person 0 Alternate translation: “If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
19:25 k69j Strike a mocker 0 Alternate translation: “Punish a mocker”
19:25 zh2b naive person 0 Alternate translation: “inexperienced person” or “immature person”
19:25 v49d prudent 0 See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
19:25 m391 discipline one who is discerning, and 0 Alternate translation: “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
19:25 wwq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns he will gain knowledge 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more”
@ -2117,9 +2216,8 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:29 d4f3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for 0 The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog”
19:29 ray2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis flogging for the backs of fools 0 The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs”
19:29 r21d flogging 0 beating with a whip or stick
20:intro e8g2 0 # Proverbs 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
20:intro e8g2 0 # Proverbs 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
20:1 p893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol.
20:1 v7zx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Wine is a mocker 0 Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks”
20:1 qa7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy strong drink is a brawler 0 Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights”
20:1 c6m7 a brawler 0 a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
20:1 ne6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive whoever is led astray by drink is not wise 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly”
@ -2191,7 +2289,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
20:28 dyd6 preserve the king 0 keep the king safe from harm
20:28 dym8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne is made secure by love 0 Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:30 g7u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean 0 Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
21:intro ge8s 0 # Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
21:1 w5md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh 0 The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation”
21:1 t1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The king’s heart 0 The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do”
21:2 yz3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Every person’s way is right in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good”
@ -2203,7 +2301,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
21:4 xvr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Haughty eyes 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are.
21:4 gk4s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche proud heart 0 This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others.
21:4 y68u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of the wicked 0 The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark”
21:5 mmd8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the diligent 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard”
21:5 xi4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns comes only to poverty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor”
21:6 vsi8 Acquiring riches 0 Alternate translation: “Gaining wealth”
21:6 bc5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a lying tongue 0 The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies”
@ -2212,15 +2309,12 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
21:7 zn7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The violence of the wicked will drag them away 0 The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors.
21:7 ce4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns violence of the wicked 0 Here, **violence** refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word **wicked** is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:7 i5j5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit drag them away 0 This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:8 qgr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom The way of a guilty person is crooked 0 This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:8 y9c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor crooked 0 Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong”
21:9 gff3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a corner of the roof 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
21:9 j9e1 quarrelsome wife 0 Alternate translation: “wife who often argues and complains”
21:10 x3rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The appetite of the wicked craves evil 0 The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:10 a2dz craves 0 desires strongly
21:10 d5qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes 0 The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:11 rd8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive When the mocker is punished 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker”
21:11 a11r the naive 0 Alternate translation: “those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
21:11 a6a5 the mocker 0 Alternate translation: “the person who mocks others”
21:11 m512 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when the wise person is instructed 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person”
21:11 ylu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lays hold of knowledge 0 Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself.
@ -2260,11 +2354,10 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
21:30 k3pe stand against Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
21:31 j1hq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The horse is prepared for the day of battle 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle”
21:31 i6w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the day of battle 0 The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle”
22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:intro t5zj 0 # Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 concludes the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:1 but9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A good name is to be chosen over great riches 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches”
22:1 m8c7 A good name 0 Alternate translation: “To have others think that one is a good person”
22:3 nt9p A prudent man 0 “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
22:3 cm2a the naive 0 Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature”
22:5 e8f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse 0 The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.”
22:5 r2h1 snares 0 traps to catch animals
22:5 dku9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the perverse 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people”
@ -2273,7 +2366,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
22:7 dk14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit borrows … lends 0 You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money”
22:8 l36j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He who sows injustice will reap trouble 0 The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on”
22:8 htf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the rod of his fury will fade away 0 The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people”
22:8 yu9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rod of his fury 0 The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others”
22:8 kpt4 will fade away 0 The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
22:9 nxi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The one who has a generous eye will be blessed 0 These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye”
22:9 zhf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy one who has a generous eye 0 The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -2307,10 +2399,8 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
22:20 q77c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants thirty sayings 0 Some translations read, “excellent sayings.”
22:21 q8xu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion to teach you … who sent you? 0 These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.”
22:21 l5jf to those who sent you 0 This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
22:22 y27s 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:22 aq5t Do not rob … or crush 0 If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
22:22 su1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people”
22:22 tq59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor crush 0 grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.”
22:22 ws7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the needy 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live”
22:22 z1ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at the gate 0 The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court”
22:23 a2vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh will plead their case 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice”
@ -2329,7 +2419,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
22:28 j4id fathers 0 ancestors
22:29 y4ub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you see a man skilled at his work? 0 This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work”
22:29 e6ii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy stand before 0 This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services.
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
23:intro eva7 0 # Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n
23:1 z181 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:2 lu62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole put a knife to your throat 0 Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
23:3 zfk9 Do not crave 0 “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
@ -2346,15 +2436,12 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
23:7 lbe8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his heart is not with you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal”
23:8 aw14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole You will vomit up the little you have eaten 0 This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything”
23:8 z3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will have wasted your compliments 0 Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
23:9 nk6j 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:9 u4q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the hearing of a fool 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you”
23:10 iha4 ancient 0 very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
23:10 de8r boundary stone 0 This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
23:10 a9cb encroach 0 This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
23:10 n6i1 orphans 0 children whose parents are dead
23:11 p1uf their Redeemer 0 Yahweh
23:11 bgi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will plead their case against you 0 The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you”
23:12 w7ey 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:12 pgj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Apply your heart to 0 This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember”
23:12 v2r3 instruction 0 This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
23:12 jul6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis your ears 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully”
@ -2364,20 +2451,12 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
23:13 r8dq withhold 0 refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
23:14 jx2r rod 0 piece of wood
23:14 e27r It is you who must beat him … and save his soul 0 “You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
23:14 z89f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy save his soul from Sheol 0 If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
23:15 h5yu 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:16 sij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche when your lips speak 0 “Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak”
23:17 qz55 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:17 zgy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Do not let your heart envy sinners 0 The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners”
23:18 d3fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your hope will not be cut off 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you”
23:19 qj67 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:19 f128 Hear—you!—my son 0 “Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
23:19 jg2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor direct your heart in the way 0 Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise”
23:20 sag8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche gluttonous eaters of meat 0 This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to”
23:21 z3sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification slumber will clothe them with rags 0 The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
23:22 bzi7 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:22 s9it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes do not despise 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for”
23:23 smm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding 0 Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:24 rzg3 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:24 qls1 The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him 0 Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
23:24 b6a9 will be glad in him 0 Alternate translation: “will be glad because of him”
@ -2391,8 +2470,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
23:27 fys1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor an immoral woman is a narrow well 0 Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well”
23:27 ezr3 well 0 a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
23:28 x4yu lies in wait 0 stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
23:28 ll5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the treacherous 0 This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them”
23:29 ek29 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:29 l7du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? 0 The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.”
23:29 yw3q bloodshot eyes 0 Alternate translation: “eyes red, like the color of blood”
23:30 kqg7 Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine 0 These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
@ -2409,7 +2486,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
23:34 lxy2 mast 0 the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
23:35 c4na They hit me, & but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. 0 Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
23:35 d6ej When will I wake up? 0 The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
24:intro nl8m 0 # Proverbs 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30–34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
24:intro nl8m 0 # Proverbs 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30–34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n
24:1 d1dq 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:2 dw7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their hearts 0 The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they”
24:2 m8px rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their lips 0 The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they”
@ -2419,20 +2496,13 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
24:3 q4cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by understanding it is established 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:3 mq3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is established 0 The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:4 ry4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns By knowledge the rooms are filled 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:5 gah6 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:5 gya2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns warrior of wisdom 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior”
24:5 my2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a man of knowledge increases his strength 0 The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things”
24:6 i9sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns by wise direction 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do”
24:6 e43z wage your war 0 Alternate translation: “fight your war”
24:6 nll1 advisors 0 those who tell government officials what those officials should do
24:7 ten9 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:7 r9t9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom too high for a fool 0 This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand”
24:7 e2pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy open his mouth 0 The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak”
24:8 f77e 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:8 f9l9 a master of schemes 0 one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
24:10 xt51 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:10 dbq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom your strength is small 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak”
24:11 t92q 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:11 xc8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive those who are being taken away 0 These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away”
24:11 n8k2 taken away 0 Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
24:11 ru95 staggering 0 walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
@ -2440,12 +2510,9 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
24:12 k5el If you say, “Behold, & this,” does 0 The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold, … this,’ but does”
24:12 akd7 Behold, we 0 Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
24:12 yi61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.”
24:12 cx5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the one who 0 The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who”
24:12 zda4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy weighs the heart 0 The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:12 pa6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion The one who guards your life, does he not know it? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.”
24:12 m55q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will God not give to each one what he deserves? 0 The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.”
24:13 q7s6 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:14 p5t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your hope will not be cut off 0 This could mean: (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
24:15 i96h 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:15 s1ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Do not lie in wait 0 The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time”
24:15 g6w6 his home 0 the home of the righteous person
@ -2457,14 +2524,12 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
24:17 t9ei your enemy falls 0 Alternate translation: “something bad happens to your enemy”
24:17 by2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche let not your heart be glad 0 This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad”
24:18 b18i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom turn away his wrath from him 0 The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:19 yp9l 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:20 mmf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of wicked people will go out 0 The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out.
24:21 j1fr 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:21 vvr9 Fear 0 a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
24:22 jzb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? 0 The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.”
24:22 ub7e both of them 0 these words refer to Yahweh and the king
24:23 jq5s These also are sayings of the wise 0 This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
24:23 ci6n a case at law 0 a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
24:24 lma6 Whoever says to the wicked person, & will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations 0 The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him”
24:24 rfb9 the wicked person … a righteous person 0 This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
24:25 xwv5 will have delight 0 Alternate translation: “will be very happy”
@ -2472,19 +2537,14 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
24:25 uy7d gifts of goodness 0 Alternate translation: “good things” or “blessings”
24:26 sz6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gives a kiss on the lips 0 A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship”
24:28 u5rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with your lips 0 The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say”
24:29 cke7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom pay him back 0 This is an idiom. “take revenge against him”
24:31 w3gw Thorns 0 useless plants with sharp spines
24:31 j4m7 nettles 0 plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
24:31 chw4 was broken down 0 Alternate translation: “had fallen down”
24:32 u9za received instruction 0 Alternate translation: “learned a lesson”
24:34 d7gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and poverty comes 0 This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come”
24:34 v85w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification poverty comes marching upon you 0 Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person.
24:34 zx1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile your needs like an armed soldier 0 Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
25:intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
25:intro l94s 0 # Proverbs 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n
25:2 x2ec to conceal a matter 0 Alternate translation: “to keep some things secret”
25:2 cj4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis but the glory 0 The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory”
25:2 dg6e search it out 0 Alternate translation: “search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
25:3 jtp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable 0 The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings”
25:3 b947 heavens 0 This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
25:4 jgm1 dross 0 the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
25:5 vvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his throne will be established by doing 0 The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -2495,7 +2555,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
25:9 c77l do not disclose another’s secret 0 Alternate translation: “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
25:10 fr3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive an evil report about you that cannot be silenced 0 Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again”
25:11 e2ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation 0 The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver”
25:11 sq35 Apples of gold in settings of silver 0 The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. This could mean: (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
25:11 ptu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is a word spoken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks”
25:12 ir54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear 0 The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry”
25:12 i38p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche listening ear 0 The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen”
@ -2509,7 +2568,6 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
25:16 dc7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later.
25:18 r378 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow 0 A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people.
25:19 p8jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips 0 A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips”
25:20 j5q4 carbonate of soda 0 This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
25:20 ef6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sings songs 0 You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs”
25:20 z9sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche a heavy heart 0 The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person”
25:22 eb7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom shovel coals of fire on his head 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done”
@ -2518,14 +2576,11 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
25:23 gn4t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche result in angry faces 0 The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces”
25:24 siz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a corner of the roof 0 Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
25:24 urg5 a quarreling wife 0 a wife who often argues or complains
25:25 p4p8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country 0 Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful.
25:26 p3dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people 0 One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls.
25:26 tiq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tottering before wicked people 0 Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do”
25:26 fe9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tottering 0 This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand”
25:26 e13r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom before wicked people 0 This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.”
25:27 h7jf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. 0 Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you.
25:27 x6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes It is not good 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing”
25:27 ea11 that is like searching for honor after honor 0 The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.” Alternate translation: “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you”
25:28 gl3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. 0 Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable.
25:28 jh45 breached and without walls 0 Alternate translation: “whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
26:intro juh9 0 # Proverbs 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
@ -2928,3 +2983,4 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
31:31 ef6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy let her works praise her in the gates 0 She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done”
9:3 ugn5 her maids 0
14:2 c17i in his ways despises him The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
25:3 jtp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings”

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