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@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ front:intro nl27 0 # Introduction to 1 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
4:21 j298 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ 1 The pronoun **him** refers to God. Alternate translation: “from God”
4:21 jrd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸν Θεὸν 1 Here, **the one** refers to anyone who loves God. Alternate translation: “anyone who loves God”
4:21 j299 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ 1 See how you translated **his brother** in [2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: “each fellow believer”
5:intro bxm4 0 # 1 John 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. It is false teaching to deny that Jesus is the Son of God (5:112)\n2. Closing of Letter (5:1321)\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “a sin toward death”\n\nIt is not entirely clear what John means by this phrase. The word “death” could refer either to physical death or to spiritual death, which is eternal separation from God. See the further discussion in the notes to [5:16](../05/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])\n\n### “the whole world lies in the power of the evil one”\n\nThe phrase “the evil one” refers to Satan. God has allowed him to rule the world, but, ultimately, God is in control over everything. God keeps his children safe from the evil one. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]])\n\n## Important textual issues in this chapter\n\nIn [5:78](../05/07.md), all ancient manuscripts say: “For there are three who testify, the Spirit and the water and the blood, and the three are unto the one.” That is the reading that ULT follows. Some much later manuscripts say: “For there are three who testify in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one; and there are three who testify on earth: the Spirit and the water and the blood, and these three are unto the one.” In this case, translators are advised to translate this as the ULT text does, since there is wide agreement that it follows the accurate reading. However, if there are older versions of the Bible in your region that have the longer reading, you could include it, but you should put it inside square brackets [ ] and indicate in a footnote that it was most likely not in the original version of 1 John. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
5:intro bxm4 0 # 1 John 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. It is false teaching to deny that Jesus is the Son of God (5:112)\n2. Closing of Letter (5:1321)\n\n## Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “a sin toward death”\n\nIt is not entirely clear what John means by this phrase. The word “death” could refer either to physical death or to spiritual death, which is eternal separation from God. See the further discussion in the notes to [5:16](../05/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])\n\n### “the whole world lies in the power of the evil one”\n\nThe phrase “the evil one” refers to Satan. God has allowed him to rule the world, but, ultimately, God is in control over everything. God keeps his children safe from the evil one. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]])\n\n## Important textual issues in this chapter\n\nIn [5:78](../05/07.md), all ancient manuscripts say: “For there are three who testify, the Spirit and the water and the blood, and the three are unto the one.” That is the reading that ULT follows. Some much later manuscripts say: “For there are three who testify in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one; and there are three who testify on earth: the Spirit and the water and the blood, and these three are unto the one.” In this case, translators are advised to translate this as the ULT text does, since there is wide agreement that it follows the accurate reading. However, if there are older versions of the Bible in your region that have the longer reading, you could include it, but you should put it inside square brackets [ ] and indicate in a footnote that it was most likely not in the original version of 1 John. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])\n\nIn [5:18](../05/18.md), the majority of ancient manuscripts say: “the one begotten from God keeps himself.” This means that the believer, whom John has just said is “having been begotten from God” in a spiritual sense, keeps himself away from sin. But many ancient manuscripts say: “the one begotten from God keeps him.” This means that Jesus, who is God's actual, only-begotten Son, keeps the believer from sin. The ULT follows the reading of the majority of ancient manuscripts, but most English translations follow the other reading. This is probably because the reading with “him” seems to make a more meaningful theological statement than the other reading. Scholars are divided about this, so either choice is acceptable. You may want to follow the reading of the respected translations in your area.
5:1 ex42 rc://*/ta/man/checking/headings 0 If you are using section headings, you could put one here before verse 1. Suggested heading: “Jesus is the Messiah and Son of God”
5:1 j301 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ γεγέννηται 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:29](../02/29.md). Alternate translation: “God is the father of everyone who believes that Jesus is the Messiah”
5:1 h8if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ γεγέννηται 1 See whether in [2:29](../02/29.md) you decided to explain this metaphor. Alternate translation: “God is the spiritual father of everyone who believes that Jesus is the Messiah”
@ -622,11 +622,10 @@ front:intro nl27 0 # Introduction to 1 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
5:18 j347 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [2:29](../02/29.md). Alternate translation: “everyone whose father is God”
5:18 j348 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 See whether in [2:29](../02/29.md) you decided to explain this metaphor. Alternate translation: “everyone whose spiritual father is God”
5:18 j349 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐχ ἁμαρτάνει 1 See how you translated this expression in [3:6](../03/06.md) and see the discussion of “sin” in Part 3 of the Introduction to 1 John. Alternate translation: “does not sin wantonly and continually”
5:18 j350 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ τηρεῖ ἑαυτὸν 1 Many ancient manuscripts read “the one begotten from God keeps himself.” The ULT follows that reading. In this case, “the one begotten from God” refers to the believer, just as the earlier phrase, **everyone having been begotten from God** refers to the believer. In this reading, the believer guards himself from sin. Other ancient manuscripts read “the one begotten from God keeps him.” In this case, “the one begotten from God” refers to Jesus, who guards the believer from sin. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses.
5:18 j351 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τηρεῖ ἑαυτὸν 1 This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “keeps him in a close relationship with God” or (2) “keeps him from sinning”
5:18 j350 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ τηρεῖ ἑαυτὸν 1 Many ancient manuscripts read “the one begotten from God keeps himself.” The ULT follows that reading. In this case, **the one begotten from God** refers to the believer, just as the earlier phrase, **everyone having been begotten from God**, refers to the believer. In this reading, the believer guards himself from sin. Other ancient manuscripts read “the one begotten from God keeps him.” In this case, **the one begotten from God** refers to Jesus, who guards the believer from sin. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. See the notes in the introduction to this chapter.
5:18 l7h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ὁ πονηρὸς 1 As in [2:13](../02/13.md), John is using the adjective **evil** as a noun in order to indicate a specific being. ULT adds **one** to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the one who is evil”
5:18 j352 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ πονηρὸς 1 John is speaking of the devil by association with the way that he is **evil**. Alternate translation: “the devil”
5:18 j353 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐχ ἅπτεται αὐτοῦ 1 This is an idiom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “cannot harm him”
5:18 j353 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὐχ ἅπτεται αὐτοῦ 1 This is an idiom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “cannot hurt him”
5:19 j354 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐσμεν 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [4:4](../04/04.md). Alternate translation: “we are sharing life with God” or “we are living in relationship with God”
5:19 eh5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁ κόσμος ὅλος 1 John uses the term **world** in various ways in this letter. In this instance, it likely refers both to the people living in the **world** who do not honor God and to their value system. Alternate translation: “every ungodly person along with the way that he thinks”
5:19 n9ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖται 1 The expression **lies in** represents being controlled by someone or something. Alternate translation: “is controlled by the evil one” or “is controlled by evil influences”

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