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@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
1:4 v83t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you אַחֲרֶ֣י⁠ךָ 1 The word **you** refers to the man and so is singular. Your language may require you to mark this form. In this book every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** are singular.
1:4 ty2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive נָּר֑וּצָה 1 The word **us** refers to the young woman and the man that she is addressing so **us** is inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “let you and I run”
1:4 xpoe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נָּר֑וּצָה 1 Here, the woman uses **run** as a poetic way of expressing her desire that she and the man she loves hurry and go away together. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “let us hurry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:4 vpdi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 Here, the woman speaks of the man she loves as if he were **The king**. Here, the term **king** is a term of endearment and is an affectionate way for the woman to refer to the man she loves. The woman is not speaking of an actual king but rather this is a poetic way of speaking. The woman is still speaking of the same man that she was speaking of in [1:2-3](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning by using a simile. Alternate translation: “He whom I love is like a king to me”
1:4 vpdi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 Here, the woman speaks of the man she loves as if he were **The king**. Here, the term **king** is a term of endearment and is an affectionate way for the woman to refer to the man she loves. The woman is not speaking of an actual king but rather this is a poetic way of speaking. The woman is still speaking of the same man that she was speaking of in [1:2-3](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning by using a simile. Alternate translation: “He whom I love is like a king to me and” or “He who is like a king to me”
1:4 ieqb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 The original language word which the ULT translates as **he has brought me** could be describing: (1) a request or wish that the woman has. If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “May the king bring me” (2) an action that has already happened. Alternate translation: “The king brought me”
1:4 aoaz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי 1 Your language may say “taken” rather than **brought** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “has taken me”
1:4 at7l נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙ בָּ֔⁠ךְ נַזְכִּ֤ירָה דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 The **us** in these two lines could: (1) be a group of young women speaking about the man. Alternate translation: “We will be glad and rejoice in you. We will profess your love more than wine” (2) be the woman continuing to speak to the man she loves and using **us** to refer to herself. Alternate translation: “May I be glad and rejoice in you. May I profess your love more than wine” (3) be the woman continuing to speak and using **us** to refer to herself and the man. Alternate translation: “Let you and I be glad and rejoice in you. Let you and I profess your love more than wine”\n
1:4 isr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive נָּר֑וּצָה…נָגִ֤ילָה…נַזְכִּ֤ירָה 1 The word *us** is inclusive all three times that it occurs in this verse. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1:4 ku0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙ 1 The terms **glad** and **rejoice** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Let us greatly rejoice” or “Let us rejoice greatly”
1:4 geq4 נַזְכִּ֤ירָה 1 Alternate translation: “Let us praise”
1:4 rc0e מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 The phrase **more than wine** could mean: (1) that the women would **profess** the man’s **love** as **more** delightful **than wine**. Alternate translation: “as being more delightful than wine” (2) that the women would **profess** the delightfulness of the man’s **love more than** they would **profess** the delightfulness of **wine**. Alternate translation: “more than we profess wine”
1:4 pmvq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the way you love is better than wine” or “the way you love me is better than wine”
1:4 so9x מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ 1 Here the speaker could be: (1) the woman speaking to the man about the young women who admire him. Alternate translation: “rightly do the young women love you” (2) the young women speaking of other women who admire the man. Alternate translation: “rightly do the other young women love you” or “rightly do the young women love you”. You may wish to indicate who the presumed speaker is here by placing a heading above this section as modeled by the UST.
1:4 gxfw אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “do they admire you”
1:4 ag8r מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “it is right that other young women adore you” or “no wonder other young women adore you”
@ -73,8 +76,8 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
1:14 a6jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר 1 The phrase **henna blossoms** refers to **blossoms** from the **henna** plant which produces clusters of flower blossoms which have a pleasant smell. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a plant in your area that has a pleasant smell, you could explain in your translation that henna is a plant that produces fragrant blossoms, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “fragrant flowers” or “fragrant blossoms from the henna plant”
1:14 zh75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בְּ⁠כַרְמֵ֖י עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי 1 Here, **vineyards of En Gedi** is probably a reference to the woman’s body because at that time **vineyards** were often used to convey a sexual meaning and because the phrase **in the vineyards of Engedi** is in parallel to phrase in the previous verse in which the woman refers to her body by saying that her “beloved” is like a “bundle of myrrh“ which “stays” (the night) “between” her “breasts.” In this verse the woman makes a comparison between the pleasurable experience of the smell of henna blossoms and her enjoyment of having the man she loves near her body. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison. Because the woman describes her body in a poetic way with images, it is recommended that you either maintain these images or select images from your context and language that communicate the same concepts. Alternate translation: “I enjoy being near my beloved’s body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi” or “I delight in my beloved being near my body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi”
1:14 nop3 עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי 1
1:15 tae6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ…הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ 1 The man is using the term **Look** to focus attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Behold! … Behold!”
1:15 x2d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ יָפָ֖ה עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים 1 The man uses the phrase **Look at you—you are beautiful** two times for emphasis. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and provide emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Look at you—you are beautiful, my darling. Your eyes are doves”
1:15 tae6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ…הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ 1 The man is using the term **Behold** to focus attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Look at you! … Look at you!”
1:15 x2d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ יָפָ֖ה עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים 1 The man uses the phrase **Behold you—you are beautiful** two times for emphasis. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and provide emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Behold you—you are beautiful, my darling. Your eyes are doves”
1:15 m114 רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י 1 See how you translated the phrase **my darling** in [1:9](../01/09.md)
1:15 fb4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים 1 The man makes a comparison between the beauty and gentleness of doves and the woman’s eyes. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your eyes are like doves” or “your eyes are gentle and beautiful”
1:16 sbi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation הִנְּ⁠ךָ֨ 1 The woman is using the term **Look** to focus attention on what she is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Behold!”
@ -95,15 +98,23 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
2:2 ibi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠חוֹחִ֔ים כֵּ֥ן רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י בֵּ֥ין הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת 1 The man compares the woman he loves to **a lily among thorns**. The point of this comparison is that in the same way that **a lily** is much more beautiful than **thorns** so the woman is much more beautiful than the other young women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in plain language. Alternate translation: “You my darling, are much more beautiful than all other women”
2:2 l00i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ 1 See how you translated the word **lily** in [2:1](../02/01.md)
2:2 bi45 רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י 1 See how you translated the phrase **my darling** in [1:9](../01/09.md).
2:2 y9bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת 1 Here, the phrase **the daughters** refers to the **daughters of Jerusalem** mentioned in [1:5](../01/05.md) and probably refers not just to the young women of Jerusalem but also to all young women. If it would help your readers you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the young women of Jerusalem” or “other young women”
2:3 xz7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As an apricot tree … the young men 0 People enjoy the fruit of an apricot tree, but the trees of the forest do not bear fruit. The woman enjoys being with the man, but not with the other young men.
2:3 yr6x apricot tree 0 a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word “fruit tree.”
2:3 wf4u the forest 0 The Hebrew word here refers to land where trees grow for which people have no use.
2:3 q7kl my beloved 0 This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover”
2:3 pii3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I sit down under his shadow with great delight 0 The woman finds great joy and comfort in being so near to the man.
2:3 b5ai rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his fruit is sweet to my taste 0 The woman enjoys eating sweet fruit, and she enjoys being near to the man.
2:4 ift6 the house of wine 0 This could mean: (1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or (2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together.
2:4 rp8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his banner over me was love 0 This could mean: (1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or (2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or (3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:2 y9bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת 1 Here, the phrase **the daughters** refers to the **daughters of Jerusalem** mentioned in [1:5](../01/05.md) and probably refers not just to the young women of Jerusalem but also to all women. If it would help your readers you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the young women of Jerusalem” or “other young women”
2:3 xz7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר כֵּ֥ן דּוֹדִ֖⁠י בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים 1 The woman is saying that the man is like an **apple tree** because in the same way that **an apple tree** is more pleasant than the other **trees of the forest**, so the man she loves is more pleasant than other men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the basis of this comparison. Alternate translation: “As apple trees are more pleasant than other trees, so you my beloved are more pleasant than other men”
2:3 jjo5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר כֵּ֥ן דּוֹדִ֖⁠י בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Among the other young men my beloved is like an apple tree among the trees of the forest” or “Compared to other men my beloved is like an apple tree among the trees of the forest”
2:3 yr6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ 1 An **apple tree** is a tree that produces pleasant tasting fruit and has a pleasant smell. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tree, you could use the name of a similar tree in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “Like a tree that produces pleasant tasting fruit”
2:3 qtmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר 1 The phrase **the trees of the forest** refers to the other trees of the forest which were considered common when compared to an apple tree. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “among the other trees of the forest” or “compared to the common trees of the forest”
2:3 q7kl דּוֹדִ֖⁠י 1 See how you translated the phrase **my beloved** in [1:13](../01/13.md).
2:3 eogn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים 1 Here, the phrase **the sons** refers to the other young men. In the previous verse the man compared the woman to the other “daughters” (young women). Here the woman compares the man she loves to the other young men, whom she calls **the sons**. If it would help your readers you could indicate explicitly what **the sons** means here. Alternate translation: “among the other young men” or “when compared to all the other men”
2:3 pii3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠צִלּ⁠וֹ֙ חִמַּ֣דְתִּי וְ⁠יָשַׁ֔בְתִּי וּ⁠פִרְי֖⁠וֹ מָת֥וֹק לְ⁠חִכִּֽ⁠י 1 Here the woman continues speaking of the man as if he were **an apple tree*. The word **shadow** refers to the shade of an apple tree which would give both protection from the sun and refreshment. To **sit** represents being near or in the presence of the man and his **fruit** being **sweet** means that he causes the woman to experience pleasurable feelings in a way that is comparable to eating sweet fruit. If it is possible in your language you should try to retain the images used here, or substitute a comparable image if needed. If you are not able to retain the metaphors without causing misunderstanding, you could use similes or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He provides me with refreshment and protection when I am in his presence, he gives me great pleasure” or “I sit in his presence and he refreshes and protects me, he is delightful to me like sweet fruit”
2:3 fkm3 בְּ⁠צִלּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “In his shade”
2:4 o9vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי֙ 1 See how you translated the phrase “has brought me” in [1:4](../01/04.md). The original language word which the ULT translates here as **He brought me** could be describing: (1) a request or wish that the woman and not something that has already happened. If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “May he bring me” or ”I desire him to bring me” (2) an action that has already happened. Alternate translation: “He has brought me”
2:4 f7e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי֙ 1 Your language may say “took” rather than **brought** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “He took me”
2:3 bfja חִמַּ֣דְתִּי 1 Alternate translation: “I passionately desired”
2:4 ift6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֵּ֣ית הַ⁠יָּ֔יִן 1 In the author’s culture the phrase **house of wine** was used to refer to a location that people went for the purpose of drinking wine. The phrase does not necessarily indicate a **house** or building so here it could be referring a private location that used as their meeting place, possibly the “house” (location) where they spent time together in the forest (described in [1:17](../01/17.md)). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly or use a general expression that allows for either meaning. Alternate translation: “the place where wine is drunk” or ”the place where wine is served” or ”our meeting place”
2:4 hxuz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בֵּ֣ית הַ⁠יָּ֔יִן 1 Here, **house of wine** most likely does not refer to a literal **house of wine** but instead the woman is probably using this phrase to poetically describe a private meeting place where they could enjoy expressing their love for each other. She is describing their meeting place by using an image that was meaningful in that culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could retain the literal translation **house of wine** and explain the meaning in a footnote (if you are using them), or you could express the meaning using a different expression that is meaningful in your culture, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our meeting place so that we could enjoy our love” or ”the place where we could celebrate our love for each other” or ”the place where we could consummate our love”
2:4 rp8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ עָלַ֖⁠י אַהֲבָֽה 1 The woman is speaking of the man’s **love** for her as if it were a **banner**. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation or if it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he publicly displays his love for me and his intention to protect me” or “and he covers me with his love”
2:4 jgbx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ 1 A **banner** is a flag made out of a large piece of cloth that is attached to the top of a long wooden pole. People groups and kings had their own unique banners by which they identified themselves. If your readers would not be familiar with this term, you could use the name of something used for a similar purpose in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and his flag”
2:4 cms6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ עָלַ֖⁠י אַהֲבָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form as modeled by the UST.
2:5 uxb2 Revive me 0 Alternate translation: “Return my strength” or “Give me energy”
2:5 khc1 with raisin cakes 0 “by giving me raisin cakes to eat.” Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together.
2:5 gs2a refresh me with apricots 0 Alternate translation: “support me by giving me apricots” or “help me by giving me apricots”
@ -115,7 +126,7 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
2:7 sz5c the gazelles 0 These are animals that look like deer and move quickly.
2:7 nt79 does 0 female deer
2:7 w94r of the fields 0 “that live in the countryside.” This was land that has not been farmed.
2:7 ekc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases 0 Here “love” is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. Alternate translation: “will not disturb us until we have finished making love” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7 ekc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אִם־ תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וְֽ⁠אִם־ תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ אֶת־ הָ⁠אַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁ⁠תֶּחְפָּֽץ 0 Here **love** is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened until the right time.
2:7 fz3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet will not awaken or arouse 0 If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. Alternate translation: “will not awaken”
2:8 aay2 0 # General Information:\n\nThe second part of the book begins here. It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem.
2:8 j2nl Listen 0 This could mean: (1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or (2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.”
@ -136,7 +147,6 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
2:10 pah1 Arise, my love 0 Alternate translation: “Get out of bed, my love”
2:10 fff7 my love 0 “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md)
2:11 yv91 Look 0 “Listen carefully” or “What I am about to say is important.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully.
2:11 eyh9 the winter is past; the rain is over and gone 0 In winter it is too cold and wet to make love outside, but the cold, wet time has passed.
2:11 e658 the winter is past 0 Winter is the cold time of year when plants do not grow and people prefer to stay inside their houses. You could use the term in your language for that time of year.
2:11 f4hz the rain is over and gone 0 In Israel it only rains during the winter. The rain here is cold and unpleasant, not the refreshing rain of the hot season.
2:12 wfw3 The flowers have appeared 0 Alternate translation: “People can see flowers”
@ -150,11 +160,10 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
2:13 wjr7 their fragrance 0 Alternate translation: “their sweet smell”
2:13 m4mt my love 0 “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md)
2:14 a7lp 0 # General Information:\n\nThe man is speaking.
2:14 wv7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My dove 0 The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman’s face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a “dove” would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor. Alternate translation: “My beautiful woman”
2:14 wv7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My dove 0 The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman’s face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a “dove” would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor or use the name of a bird in your area that is considered pleasant. Alternate translation: “My beautiful woman”
2:14 eju1 the clefts 0 large cracks in the side of mountain rocks large enough for people to hide in
2:14 afg5 the mountain crags 0 Alternate translation: “the steep rocks on the sides of the mountains”
2:14 bhl6 your face 0 Some versions translate this as “your appearance” or “your form” or “what you look like.”
2:15 pu8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Catch 0 This is plural, as if the woman is speaking to more than one man, but most versions translate who she is speaking to as the man, so you could translate this as singular.
2:15 xns5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the foxes 0 These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young woman.
2:15 v31m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive for us … our vineyard 0 The words **us** and **our** could possibly be: (1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or (2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or (3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family.
2:15 dac9 foxes 0 Another possible meaning is “jackals.” A jackal is a type of thin wild dog with long legs.
@ -184,7 +193,7 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
3:4 ri8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the one who had conceived me 0 This is a metonym for her mother.
3:5 a3y1 0 # General Information:\n\nTranslate this verse as in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md).
3:5 t61g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe daughters of Jerusalem 0 “young women of Jerusalem.” These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her.
3:5 qw1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe by the gazelles and the does of the fields 0 Although the daughters of Jerusalem are not there to hear her, the woman is telling them that the gazelles and the does will punish them they break their promise.
3:5 qw1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe by the gazelles and the does of the fields 0 Although the daughters of Jerusalem are not there to hear her, the woman is calling speaking to them as if they were witnesses.
3:5 b4r5 the gazelles 0 animals that look like deer and move quickly.
3:5 ruq7 does 0 female deer
3:5 n2aq of the fields 0 “that live in the countryside.” This refers to land that has not been farmed.
@ -238,7 +247,7 @@ front:intro an3g 0 # Introduction to the Song of Songs\n\n## Part 1: General
4:4 wgq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers a thousand shields 0 “1,000 shields.”
4:4 swd3 all the shields of soldiers 0 Alternate translation: “all of the shields belong to mighty warriors”
4:5 f8qi two breasts 0 If the word “two” seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it.
4:5 ea9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like two fawns, twins of a gazelle 0 The man implies that the woman’s breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small.
4:5 ea9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like two fawns, twins of a gazelle 1 The man implies that the woman’s breasts are matching, soft, and pleasant to look at.
4:5 wd7y twins 0 the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time
4:5 gu86 gazelle 0 an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of “gazelles” as in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md).
4:5 p33d grazing among the lilies 0 “eating plants among the lilies.” While it is clear that the man “grazing among the lilies” is a metaphor for making love ([Song of Songs 2:16](../02/16.md)), it is not clear what these words refer to. It is best to translate them literally.

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
19 1:4 v83t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you אַחֲרֶ֣י⁠ךָ 1 The word **you** refers to the man and so is singular. Your language may require you to mark this form. In this book every occurrence of the words **you** and **your** are singular.
20 1:4 ty2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive נָּר֑וּצָה 1 The word **us** refers to the young woman and the man that she is addressing so **us** is inclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms. Alternate translation: “let you and I run”
21 1:4 xpoe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נָּר֑וּצָה 1 Here, the woman uses **run** as a poetic way of expressing her desire that she and the man she loves hurry and go away together. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “let us hurry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22 1:4 vpdi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 Here, the woman speaks of the man she loves as if he were **The king**. Here, the term **king** is a term of endearment and is an affectionate way for the woman to refer to the man she loves. The woman is not speaking of an actual king but rather this is a poetic way of speaking. The woman is still speaking of the same man that she was speaking of in [1:2-3](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning by using a simile. Alternate translation: “He whom I love is like a king to me” Here, the woman speaks of the man she loves as if he were **The king**. Here, the term **king** is a term of endearment and is an affectionate way for the woman to refer to the man she loves. The woman is not speaking of an actual king but rather this is a poetic way of speaking. The woman is still speaking of the same man that she was speaking of in [1:2-3](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning by using a simile. Alternate translation: “He whom I love is like a king to me and” or “He who is like a king to me”
23 1:4 ieqb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 The original language word which the ULT translates as **he has brought me** could be describing: (1) a request or wish that the woman has. If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “May the king bring me” (2) an action that has already happened. Alternate translation: “The king brought me”
24 1:4 aoaz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי 1 Your language may say “taken” rather than **brought** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “has taken me”
25 1:4 at7l נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙ בָּ֔⁠ךְ נַזְכִּ֤ירָה דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 The **us** in these two lines could: (1) be a group of young women speaking about the man. Alternate translation: “We will be glad and rejoice in you. We will profess your love more than wine” (2) be the woman continuing to speak to the man she loves and using **us** to refer to herself. Alternate translation: “May I be glad and rejoice in you. May I profess your love more than wine” (3) be the woman continuing to speak and using **us** to refer to herself and the man. Alternate translation: “Let you and I be glad and rejoice in you. Let you and I profess your love more than wine”\n
26 1:4 isr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive נָּר֑וּצָה…נָגִ֤ילָה…נַזְכִּ֤ירָה 1 The word *us** is inclusive all three times that it occurs in this verse. Your language may require you to mark these forms. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
27 1:4 ku0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet נָגִ֤ילָה וְ⁠נִשְׂמְחָה֙ 1 The terms **glad** and **rejoice** mean similar things. The author is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Let us greatly rejoice” or “Let us rejoice greatly”
28 1:4 geq4 נַזְכִּ֤ירָה 1 Alternate translation: “Let us praise”
29 1:4 rc0e מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 The phrase **more than wine** could mean: (1) that the women would **profess** the man’s **love** as **more** delightful **than wine**. Alternate translation: “as being more delightful than wine” (2) that the women would **profess** the delightfulness of the man’s **love more than** they would **profess** the delightfulness of **wine**. Alternate translation: “more than we profess wine”
30 1:4 pmvq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דֹדֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מִ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the way you love is better than wine” or “the way you love me is better than wine”
31 1:4 so9x מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ 1 Here the speaker could be: (1) the woman speaking to the man about the young women who admire him. Alternate translation: “rightly do the young women love you” (2) the young women speaking of other women who admire the man. Alternate translation: “rightly do the other young women love you” or “rightly do the young women love you”. You may wish to indicate who the presumed speaker is here by placing a heading above this section as modeled by the UST.
32 1:4 gxfw אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “do they admire you”
33 1:4 ag8r מֵישָׁרִ֖ים אֲהֵבֽוּ⁠ךָ 1 Alternate translation: “it is right that other young women adore you” or “no wonder other young women adore you”
76 1:14 a6jk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר 1 The phrase **henna blossoms** refers to **blossoms** from the **henna** plant which produces clusters of flower blossoms which have a pleasant smell. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a plant in your area that has a pleasant smell, you could explain in your translation that henna is a plant that produces fragrant blossoms, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “fragrant flowers” or “fragrant blossoms from the henna plant”
77 1:14 zh75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַ⁠כֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דּוֹדִ⁠י֙ לִ֔⁠י בְּ⁠כַרְמֵ֖י עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי 1 Here, **vineyards of En Gedi** is probably a reference to the woman’s body because at that time **vineyards** were often used to convey a sexual meaning and because the phrase **in the vineyards of Engedi** is in parallel to phrase in the previous verse in which the woman refers to her body by saying that her “beloved” is like a “bundle of myrrh“ which “stays” (the night) “between” her “breasts.” In this verse the woman makes a comparison between the pleasurable experience of the smell of henna blossoms and her enjoyment of having the man she loves near her body. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison. Because the woman describes her body in a poetic way with images, it is recommended that you either maintain these images or select images from your context and language that communicate the same concepts. Alternate translation: “I enjoy being near my beloved’s body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi” or “I delight in my beloved being near my body like I enjoy the smell of the henna flowers in the vineyards of Engedi”
78 1:14 nop3 עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי 1
79 1:15 tae6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ…הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ 1 The man is using the term **Look** to focus attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Behold! … Behold!” The man is using the term **Behold** to focus attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Look at you! … Look at you!”
80 1:15 x2d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הִנָּ֤⁠ךְ יָפָה֙ רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י הִנָּ֥⁠ךְ יָפָ֖ה עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים 1 The man uses the phrase **Look at you—you are beautiful** two times for emphasis. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and provide emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Look at you—you are beautiful, my darling. Your eyes are doves” The man uses the phrase **Behold you—you are beautiful** two times for emphasis. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and provide emphasis in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Behold you—you are beautiful, my darling. Your eyes are doves”
81 1:15 m114 רַעְיָתִ֔⁠י 1 See how you translated the phrase **my darling** in [1:9](../01/09.md)
82 1:15 fb4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵינַ֥יִ⁠ךְ יוֹנִֽים 1 The man makes a comparison between the beauty and gentleness of doves and the woman’s eyes. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a simile to show the comparison or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your eyes are like doves” or “your eyes are gentle and beautiful”
83 1:16 sbi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamation הִנְּ⁠ךָ֨ 1 The woman is using the term **Look** to focus attention on what she is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Behold!”
98 2:2 ibi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠חוֹחִ֔ים כֵּ֥ן רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י בֵּ֥ין הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת 1 The man compares the woman he loves to **a lily among thorns**. The point of this comparison is that in the same way that **a lily** is much more beautiful than **thorns** so the woman is much more beautiful than the other young women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in plain language. Alternate translation: “You my darling, are much more beautiful than all other women”
99 2:2 l00i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown כְּ⁠שֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ 1 See how you translated the word **lily** in [2:1](../02/01.md)
100 2:2 bi45 רַעְיָתִ֖⁠י 1 See how you translated the phrase **my darling** in [1:9](../01/09.md).
101 2:2 y9bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַ⁠בָּנֽוֹת 1 Here, the phrase **the daughters** refers to the **daughters of Jerusalem** mentioned in [1:5](../01/05.md) and probably refers not just to the young women of Jerusalem but also to all young women. If it would help your readers you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the young women of Jerusalem” or “other young women” Here, the phrase **the daughters** refers to the **daughters of Jerusalem** mentioned in [1:5](../01/05.md) and probably refers not just to the young women of Jerusalem but also to all women. If it would help your readers you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the young women of Jerusalem” or “other young women”
102 2:3 xz7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As an apricot tree … the young men כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר כֵּ֥ן דּוֹדִ֖⁠י בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים 0 1 People enjoy the fruit of an apricot tree, but the trees of the forest do not bear fruit. The woman enjoys being with the man, but not with the other young men. The woman is saying that the man is like an **apple tree** because in the same way that **an apple tree** is more pleasant than the other **trees of the forest**, so the man she loves is more pleasant than other men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the basis of this comparison. Alternate translation: “As apple trees are more pleasant than other trees, so you my beloved are more pleasant than other men”
103 2:3 yr6x jjo5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure apricot tree כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר כֵּ֥ן דּוֹדִ֖⁠י בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים 0 1 a tree that produces a small yellow fruit that is very sweet. If your readers will not know what this is, you could use the word for another fruit tree or the general word “fruit tree.” If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Among the other young men my beloved is like an apple tree among the trees of the forest” or “Compared to other men my beloved is like an apple tree among the trees of the forest”
104 2:3 wf4u yr6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown the forest כְּ⁠תַפּ֨וּחַ֙ 0 1 The Hebrew word here refers to land where trees grow for which people have no use. An **apple tree** is a tree that produces pleasant tasting fruit and has a pleasant smell. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tree, you could use the name of a similar tree in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “Like a tree that produces pleasant tasting fruit”
105 2:3 q7kl qtmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit my beloved בַּ⁠עֲצֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּ֔עַר 0 1 This phrase refers to the man whom the woman loves. In some languages it may be more natural for her to refer to him as “my lover.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:13](./12.md). Alternate translation: “my dear one” or “my lover” The phrase **the trees of the forest** refers to the other trees of the forest which were considered common when compared to an apple tree. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “among the other trees of the forest” or “compared to the common trees of the forest”
106 2:3 pii3 q7kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I sit down under his shadow with great delight דּוֹדִ֖⁠י 0 1 The woman finds great joy and comfort in being so near to the man. See how you translated the phrase **my beloved** in [1:13](../01/13.md).
107 2:3 b5ai eogn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit his fruit is sweet to my taste בֵּ֣ין הַ⁠בָּנִ֑ים 0 1 The woman enjoys eating sweet fruit, and she enjoys being near to the man. Here, the phrase **the sons** refers to the other young men. In the previous verse the man compared the woman to the other “daughters” (young women). Here the woman compares the man she loves to the other young men, whom she calls **the sons**. If it would help your readers you could indicate explicitly what **the sons** means here. Alternate translation: “among the other young men” or “when compared to all the other men”
108 2:4 2:3 ift6 pii3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house of wine בְּ⁠צִלּ⁠וֹ֙ חִמַּ֣דְתִּי וְ⁠יָשַׁ֔בְתִּי וּ⁠פִרְי֖⁠וֹ מָת֥וֹק לְ⁠חִכִּֽ⁠י 0 1 This could mean: (1) the very large room where the king would serve many people large meals with wine or (2) a small booth in a vineyard where the man and woman could be alone together. Here the woman continues speaking of the man as if he were **an apple tree*. The word **shadow** refers to the shade of an apple tree which would give both protection from the sun and refreshment. To **sit** represents being near or in the presence of the man and his **fruit** being **sweet** means that he causes the woman to experience pleasurable feelings in a way that is comparable to eating sweet fruit. If it is possible in your language you should try to retain the images used here, or substitute a comparable image if needed. If you are not able to retain the metaphors without causing misunderstanding, you could use similes or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He provides me with refreshment and protection when I am in his presence, he gives me great pleasure” or “I sit in his presence and he refreshes and protects me, he is delightful to me like sweet fruit”
109 2:4 2:3 rp8q fkm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his banner over me was love בְּ⁠צִלּ⁠וֹ֙ 0 1 This could mean: (1) the banner is a metonym for a military escort. And, the military escort is a metaphor that represents the man’s love which gives courage to the woman who was nervous to enter the large room where the king served many people. Alternate translation: “but his loving protection guided me and gave me courage” or (2) the woman knew that the man wanted to make love to her from the way he looked at her. Alternate translation: “he looked at me lovingly” or “when he looked at me, I knew he wanted to make love to me” or (3) they made love. Alternate translation: “he lovingly covered me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternate translation: “In his shade”
110 2:4 o9vh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי֙ 1 See how you translated the phrase “has brought me” in [1:4](../01/04.md). The original language word which the ULT translates here as **He brought me** could be describing: (1) a request or wish that the woman and not something that has already happened. If it would help your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “May he bring me” or ”I desire him to bring me” (2) an action that has already happened. Alternate translation: “He has brought me”
111 2:4 f7e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הֱבִיאַ֨⁠נִי֙ 1 Your language may say “took” rather than **brought** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “He took me”
112 2:3 bfja חִמַּ֣דְתִּי 1 Alternate translation: “I passionately desired”
113 2:4 ift6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בֵּ֣ית הַ⁠יָּ֔יִן 1 In the author’s culture the phrase **house of wine** was used to refer to a location that people went for the purpose of drinking wine. The phrase does not necessarily indicate a **house** or building so here it could be referring a private location that used as their meeting place, possibly the “house” (location) where they spent time together in the forest (described in [1:17](../01/17.md)). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly or use a general expression that allows for either meaning. Alternate translation: “the place where wine is drunk” or ”the place where wine is served” or ”our meeting place”
114 2:4 hxuz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בֵּ֣ית הַ⁠יָּ֔יִן 1 Here, **house of wine** most likely does not refer to a literal **house of wine** but instead the woman is probably using this phrase to poetically describe a private meeting place where they could enjoy expressing their love for each other. She is describing their meeting place by using an image that was meaningful in that culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could retain the literal translation **house of wine** and explain the meaning in a footnote (if you are using them), or you could express the meaning using a different expression that is meaningful in your culture, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our meeting place so that we could enjoy our love” or ”the place where we could celebrate our love for each other” or ”the place where we could consummate our love”
115 2:4 rp8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ עָלַ֖⁠י אַהֲבָֽה 1 The woman is speaking of the man’s **love** for her as if it were a **banner**. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation or if it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he publicly displays his love for me and his intention to protect me” or “and he covers me with his love”
116 2:4 jgbx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ 1 A **banner** is a flag made out of a large piece of cloth that is attached to the top of a long wooden pole. People groups and kings had their own unique banners by which they identified themselves. If your readers would not be familiar with this term, you could use the name of something used for a similar purpose in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and his flag”
117 2:4 cms6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠דִגְל֥⁠וֹ עָלַ֖⁠י אַהֲבָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form as modeled by the UST.
118 2:5 uxb2 Revive me 0 Alternate translation: “Return my strength” or “Give me energy”
119 2:5 khc1 with raisin cakes 0 “by giving me raisin cakes to eat.” Raisin cakes were cakes made of dried grapes pressed together.
120 2:5 gs2a refresh me with apricots 0 Alternate translation: “support me by giving me apricots” or “help me by giving me apricots”
126 2:7 sz5c the gazelles 0 These are animals that look like deer and move quickly.
127 2:7 nt79 does 0 female deer
128 2:7 w94r of the fields 0 “that live in the countryside.” This was land that has not been farmed.
129 2:7 ekc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification will not awaken or arouse love until she pleases אִם־ תָּעִ֧ירוּ ׀ וְֽ⁠אִם־ תְּעֽוֹרְר֛וּ אֶת־ הָ⁠אַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁ⁠תֶּחְפָּֽץ 0 Here “love” is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened. This is a metaphor that represents the man and woman who do not want to be disturbed until they are finished making love. Alternate translation: “will not disturb us until we have finished making love” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here **love** is spoken of as if it were a person asleep that does not want to be awakened until the right time.
130 2:7 fz3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet will not awaken or arouse 0 If your language has only one word for waking people out of sleep, you could combine these words. Alternate translation: “will not awaken”
131 2:8 aay2 0 # General Information:\n\nThe second part of the book begins here. It is not clear whether the woman is speaking to herself or to the daughters of Jerusalem.
132 2:8 j2nl Listen 0 This could mean: (1) “Listen carefully to what I am about to say.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully, or (2) “Listen so you can hear him coming.”
147 2:10 pah1 Arise, my love 0 Alternate translation: “Get out of bed, my love”
148 2:10 fff7 my love 0 “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md)
149 2:11 yv91 Look 0 “Listen carefully” or “What I am about to say is important.” You could use a word in your language that tells the hearer to listen carefully.
2:11 eyh9 the winter is past; the rain is over and gone 0 In winter it is too cold and wet to make love outside, but the cold, wet time has passed.
150 2:11 e658 the winter is past 0 Winter is the cold time of year when plants do not grow and people prefer to stay inside their houses. You could use the term in your language for that time of year.
151 2:11 f4hz the rain is over and gone 0 In Israel it only rains during the winter. The rain here is cold and unpleasant, not the refreshing rain of the hot season.
152 2:12 wfw3 The flowers have appeared 0 Alternate translation: “People can see flowers”
160 2:13 wjr7 their fragrance 0 Alternate translation: “their sweet smell”
161 2:13 m4mt my love 0 “you whom I love.” See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 1:9](../01/09.md)
162 2:14 a7lp 0 # General Information:\n\nThe man is speaking.
163 2:14 wv7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My dove 0 The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman’s face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a “dove” would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor. Alternate translation: “My beautiful woman” The Israelites considered doves beautiful birds with pleasant voices. The man thinks the woman’s face and voice are beautiful. If calling a woman a “dove” would be offensive, you could leave out the metaphor or use the name of a bird in your area that is considered pleasant. Alternate translation: “My beautiful woman”
164 2:14 eju1 the clefts 0 large cracks in the side of mountain rocks large enough for people to hide in
165 2:14 afg5 the mountain crags 0 Alternate translation: “the steep rocks on the sides of the mountains”
166 2:14 bhl6 your face 0 Some versions translate this as “your appearance” or “your form” or “what you look like.”
2:15 pu8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Catch 0 This is plural, as if the woman is speaking to more than one man, but most versions translate who she is speaking to as the man, so you could translate this as singular.
167 2:15 xns5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the foxes 0 These animals look like small dogs and were often used in love poetry to represent eager young men who would spoil a young woman.
168 2:15 v31m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive for us … our vineyard 0 The words **us** and **our** could possibly be: (1) exclusive, referring to the woman herself, as in [Song of Songs 1:4](../01/01.md), or (2) inclusive, referring to the woman and the man, or (3) exclusive, referring to the woman and the rest of her family.
169 2:15 dac9 foxes 0 Another possible meaning is “jackals.” A jackal is a type of thin wild dog with long legs.
193 3:4 ri8e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the one who had conceived me 0 This is a metonym for her mother.
194 3:5 a3y1 0 # General Information:\n\nTranslate this verse as in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md).
195 3:5 t61g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe daughters of Jerusalem 0 “young women of Jerusalem.” These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her.
196 3:5 qw1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe by the gazelles and the does of the fields 0 Although the daughters of Jerusalem are not there to hear her, the woman is telling them that the gazelles and the does will punish them they break their promise. Although the daughters of Jerusalem are not there to hear her, the woman is calling speaking to them as if they were witnesses.
197 3:5 b4r5 the gazelles 0 animals that look like deer and move quickly.
198 3:5 ruq7 does 0 female deer
199 3:5 n2aq of the fields 0 “that live in the countryside.” This refers to land that has not been farmed.
247 4:4 wgq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers a thousand shields 0 “1,000 shields.”
248 4:4 swd3 all the shields of soldiers 0 Alternate translation: “all of the shields belong to mighty warriors”
249 4:5 f8qi two breasts 0 If the word “two” seems unnecessary and so out of place, you could omit it.
250 4:5 ea9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like two fawns, twins of a gazelle 0 1 The man implies that the woman’s breasts are matching, soft, and perhaps small. The man implies that the woman’s breasts are matching, soft, and pleasant to look at.
251 4:5 wd7y twins 0 the babies of a mother who gave birth to two babies at one time
252 4:5 gu86 gazelle 0 an animal that looks like a deer and moves quickly. Translate as the singular of “gazelles” as in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md).
253 4:5 p33d grazing among the lilies 0 “eating plants among the lilies.” While it is clear that the man “grazing among the lilies” is a metaphor for making love ([Song of Songs 2:16](../02/16.md)), it is not clear what these words refer to. It is best to translate them literally.