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Merge stephenwunrow-tc-create-1 into master by stephenwunrow (#3475) 

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@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General
1:38 z53z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo ἐξῆλθον 1 Here Jesus does not start where he **went out** from. He may be referring to how he left Capernaum, or he may be referring to how he came to the world as a human being, or he may be implying to both of these meanings. If possible, do not indicate where Jesus **went out** from. Alternate translation: “I came” or “I went here”
1:38 lz0f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξῆλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “I came out”
1:38 jh2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εἰς τοῦτο 1 The pronoun **this** refers to Jesus preaching in **the surrounding towns**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to that action more directly. Alternate translation: “to do that very thing” or “to preach in many places”
1:39 pu9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἦλθεν κηρύσσων & εἰς ὅλην τὴν Γαλιλαίαν 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus, but Jesus was the one who was **preaching** and **casting out demons**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, went in all Galilee, and he was preaching”
1:39 pu9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἦλθεν κηρύσσων & εἰς ὅλην τὴν Γαλιλαίαν 1 Mark is referring to Jesus to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. However, it was only Jesus who was **preaching** and **casting out demons**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, went in all Galilee, and he was preaching”
1:39 lb9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he went”
1:39 sntp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τὰς συναγωγὰς αὐτῶν 1 The pronoun **their** refers to the Jewish people living in **Galilee**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish synagogues” or “the synagogues in that area”\n
1:40 wryd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν λεπρὸς 1 Here Mark introduces **a leper** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “there was a man who was a leper. He comes to Jesus”\n
@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General
2:22 dgcz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but people put new wine into new wineskins”
2:23 bb93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ ἐγένετο 1 Here, the phrase **And it happened {that}** introduces the next event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you use a word or phrase that introduces a new event. Alternate translation: “Sometime later,” or “One time,”
2:23 u6ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐν τοῖς Σάββασιν 1 Here Mark uses the phrase **on the Sabbaths** to indicate that this event occurred on one specific Sabbath day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on one of the Sabbath days” or “during a Sabbath day”
2:23 gwir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐτὸν & παραπορεύεσθαι 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, was passing”\n
2:23 gwir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche αὐτὸν & παραπορεύεσθαι 1 Mark is referring to Jesus to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, was passing”\n
2:23 ko42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τῶν σπορίμων 1 The word **grainfields** refers to places where grain is grown and harvested. This grain is usually ground and made into bread. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of field, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “fields where grain is grown”
2:23 s8rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἤρξαντο ὁδὸν ποιεῖν 1 Here, the phrase **to make a way** means that the disciples were traveling or walking along. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “also began to travel along” or “started to go with him”
2:23 jya1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τίλλοντες τοὺς στάχυας 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples ate the **heads of grain** after **picking** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “picking and eating the heads of grain”
@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General
3:19 r3zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background ὃς καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτόν 1 Mark writes **who also handed him over** to provide some extra information about what Judas did to Jesus later. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “who would later also hand him over”
3:20 d9uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
3:20 lfqz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἔρχεται & συνέρχεται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he came … came together”
3:20 qy7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔρχεται 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, comes”
3:20 qy7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἔρχεται 1 Mark is referring to Jesus to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, comes”
3:20 whej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “he goes”
3:20 jxr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἶκον 1 This is probably the same **house** that Mark mentioned in [2:1](../02/01.md). See how you expressed the idea there. Alternate translation: “Simon and Andrew’s house” or “his house”
3:20 v0y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς μηδὲ ἄρτον φαγεῖν 1 Here Mark implies that the **crowd** was so large that Jesus and his disciples did not have time, or perhaps even space, to **eat**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they were so busy that they could not even eat bread” or “they had no opportunity even to eat bread”
@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General
5:20 g8ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names τῇ Δεκαπόλει 1 The word **Decapolis** is a name for a region to the southeast of Galilee. The name means “the Ten Towns.”
5:20 y8vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πάντες 1 Mark is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all the people who heard what the man proclaimed. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all the people who listened to him”
5:21 lbcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ διαπεράσαντος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ πάλιν εἰς τὸ πέραν, συνήχθη ὄχλος πολὺς ἐπ’ αὐτόν, καὶ ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν 1 This verse introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces a new event. Alternate translation: “At that time, Jesus crossed over again to the other side in the boat. When he arrived, a great crowd was gathered around him, and he was beside the sea.”
5:21 pf3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διαπεράσαντος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus, along with his disciples, having crossed over”
5:21 pf3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche διαπεράσαντος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 Mark is referring to **Jesus** to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Jesus, along with his disciples, having crossed over”
5:21 wzus rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὸ πέραν 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus crossed over **to the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the other side of the lake” or “to the opposite side of the Sea of Galilee”
5:21 mtol rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνήχθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “gathered” or “came together”
5:22 ilnk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General
5:23 jd27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα ἐλθὼν, ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ 1 Here, the phrase **so that** introduces what Jairus wants Jesus to do in response to what Jairus has told him about his daughter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduce a desired response to a situation. Alternate translation: “so I ask that you, coming, lay your hands on her” or “and so, coming, I wish that you will lay your hands on her”
5:23 budr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “going” instead of **coming**. Alternate translation: “going”
5:23 kzz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σωθῇ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be Jesus. Alternate translation: “you might heal her”
5:24 ptj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, went away”
5:24 ptj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἀπῆλθεν 1 Mark is referring to Jesus to represent both Jesus and his disciples, who traveled with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he, along with his disciples, went away”
5:25 e2cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants γυνὴ οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος δώδεκα ἔτη 1 Here Mark introduces this **woman** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “there was a woman there. She had been with a flow of blood for 12 years”
5:25 h58w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος 1 Mark uses the phrase **a flow of blood** to refer discreetly to her condition or illness. She was probably experiencing menstrual bleeding at many times, even when it was not the normal time for that. If your language has a polite way of referring to this condition, you could use that expression here, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “suffering from abnormal menstruation” or “suffering from frequent menstrual bleeding”
5:26 mn67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background καὶ πολλὰ παθοῦσα ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἰατρῶν 1 Here Mark provides background information that will help readers understand what happens next. This background information continues in the first part of [5:27](../05/27.md). Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “and in the past having suffered much from many physicians”
@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General
5:43 wcr2 μηδεὶς γνοῖ τοῦτο 1 Alternate translation: “they should let no one know about this”
5:43 n29k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἶπεν δοθῆναι αὐτῇ φαγεῖν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he said, ‘Something should be given to her to eat’”
5:43 j8ro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δοθῆναι αὐτῇ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that would be the girl’s parents. Alternate translation: “her parents should give her something”
6:intro kl7n 0 # Mark 6 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### “Anointed with oil”\n\nIn the ancient Near East, people would try to heal sick people by putting olive oil on them.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is talking to his disciples. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 7, 30, 31, 37, 38, 45, 48, 49 and 55. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
6:intro kl7n 0 # Mark 6 General Notes\n\nMatthew: 14\nLuke: 4, 9\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee (1:14–8:26)\n * Moving away from Galilee and then returning (6:1–8:26)\n * Jesus teaches in his hometown (6:1–6)\n * Jesus sends out the Twelve (6:7–13)\n * Herod hears about Jesus (6:14–16)\n * Flashback: Herod executes John the Baptist (6:17–29)\n * Jesus feeds 5,000 men (6:30–44)\n * Jesus walks on water (6:45–52)\n * Jesus heals people in the region of Gennesaret (6:53–56)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Jesus’ instructions on how to travel\n\nJesus instructs the disciples not to bring money, food, or extra clothing with them when they travel and preach the good news. Instead, he wants the disciples to rely on the hospitality of people they visit. Make sure that your translation indicates that the disciples should not pack money, food, or extra clothing because they will be staying with people who welcome and provide for them.\n\n### Herod and Herodias\n\nThe man named “King Herod” ([6:14](../06/14.md)) ruled over the area to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee, which is where Jesus spent much of his ministry. Herodias was married to Herod’s brother Philip, and the two of them had a daughter. However, Herodias divorced Philip and married Herod, who had also divorced his previous wife. Since the Jewish law condemned anyone who married his brother’s wife while his brother was still alive (see [Leviticus 20:21](../lev/20/21.md)), John the Baptist rebuked Herod for doing this. It was in response to this rebuke that Herod had John the Baptist put in prison and eventually executed. Make sure that your translation accurately refers to the relationships between Herod, Herodias, and Herodias’ daughter.\n\n### The miracle of multiplying food\n\nIn [6:30–44](../06/30.md), Mark tells a story in which Jesus provides 5,000 men with food. They were in a place where no people lived, and all the food that Jesus and his disciples had were five loaves of bread and two fish. Despite that, Jesus used the five loaves of bread and the two fish to feed everyone who was there. Mark does not tell us exactly how Jesus did this, but he does say that there were more leftovers than what they started with. Your translation should not explain how Jesus multiplied the food, but it should be clear that he did a miracle.\n\n### The miracle of walking on water\n\nIn [6:45–52](../06/45.md), Mark tells a story in which Jesus walks on top of the Sea of Galilee, even though there was a storm. When Jesus climbs into the boat that the disciples were in, the storm miraculously stops. Your translation should not explain exactly how Jesus walked on the water, but it should be clear that Jesus walking on the water and the storm stopping were both miracles.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The flashback to John’s death\n\nIn this chapter, Mark includes a story that happened before the stories that appear before and after it in his narrative. Previously, Mark narrates how Jesus sent out the Twelve ([6:7–13](../06/07.md)). Then, he describes how people, and especially Herod Antipas, respond to Jesus (see [6:14–16](../06/14.md)). Then, to explain how Herod responded to Jesus, Mark includes a story that happened earlier. This type of storytelling is called a flashback. Here, the flashback tells about how John the Baptist died (see [6:17–29](../06/17.md)). In [6:30](../06/30.md), Mark returns to the main narrative and tells what happened after the events recorded in [6:7–13](../06/07.md). Make sure that you use a form that shows your readers that [6:17–29](../06/17.md) is a flashback that describes something that happened previously, and [6:30](../06/30.md) continues with the main narrative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is talking to his disciples. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 7, 30, 31, 37, 38, 45, 48, and 50. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
6:1 mi7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Later,” or “Then”
6:1 lpci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξῆλθεν & ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went** or “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “he came out … goes”
6:1 jcu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκεῖθεν 1 Here, the word **there** refers to the house of Jairus, the synagogue ruler. His house was in the town of Capernaum. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from Jairus’ house” or “from Capernaum”
@ -885,56 +885,236 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General
6:4 yg9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἄτιμος 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “dishonored” or “treated dishonorably”
6:4 y2oa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τοῖς συγγενεῦσιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus uses three terms that refer to people who know the **prophet** well. The list starts with the broadest category (**hometown**) and ends with the most specific category (**his house**). If you have three terms that refer to different groups of people who know a person, you could use them here. Alternatively, if it would be clearer for your readers, you could use one or two terms. Alternate translation: “except among his relatives” or “in his hometown and among his family”
6:4 mgbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ 1 Jesus uses the phrase **in his house** to refer to his closest relatives, like his father, mother, or siblings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among his closest family members” or “among his father, mother, or siblings”
6:7 d6sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers δύο δύο 1 Alternate translation: “2 by 2” or “in pairs”
6:7 ldbv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς δώδεκα 1 See how you translated the phrase **the Twelve** in [3:15](../03/15.md).
6:8 k5hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions μηδὲν αἴρωσιν εἰς ὁδὸν, εἰ μὴ ῥάβδον μόνον 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “they should only bring a staff on the road”
6:8 t9a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche μὴ ἄρτον 1 Here, **bread** means food in general. Alternate translation: “no food”
6:11 b2kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐκτινάξατε τὸν χοῦν τὸν ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν 1 The expression **shake off the dust that {is} under your feet** indicates strong rejection in this culture. It showed that someone did not want even the dust of a town to remain on them. If there is a similar gesture of rejection in your culture, you could use it here in your translation.
6:14 ly7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐγήγερται 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has caused John the Baptist to live again”
6:15 fgy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον, ὅτι Ἠλείας ἐστίν 1 It may be helpful to your readers to state why some people thought Jesus was **Elijah**. Alternate translation: “Some others said, ‘He is Elijah, whom God promised to send back again’”
6:15 n8sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον, ὅτι Ἠλείας ἐστίν; ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον, ὅτι προφήτης, ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But some were saying that he is Elijah, while others were saying that he is like one of the prophets who lived long ago”
6:16 ym2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὃν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα 1 Here, Herod uses the word **I** to refer to himself. Although he says here that he beheaded John, his soldiers beheaded John at his command. The word **I** is a metonym for Herod’s soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom I commanded my soldiers to behead”
6:16 n6nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is alive again”
6:17 vpr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐτὸς & ὁ Ἡρῴδης, ἀποστείλας ἐκράτησεν τὸν Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν φυλακῇ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could state clearly that **Herod** sent his soldiers to put **John** in **prison**. Alternate translation: “Herod sent his soldiers to arrest John and had them bind him in prison”
6:17 ojtd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background γὰρ 1 Mark is providing this background information to help readers understand why Herod was saying that John rose from the dead. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “He was saying this because”
6:17 sf6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 The word **Philip** is the name of a man. This is not the same Philip who was an evangelist in the book of Acts or the Philip who was one of Jesus’ twelve disciples.
6:18 e2ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἔλεγεν γὰρ ὁ Ἰωάννης τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 Herod put John into prison because he was saying **It is not lawful for you to have the wife of your brother**. Make sure this is clear in your language. Alternate translation: “Herod told his soldiers to arrest John because he was saying, ‘God’s law does not allow you to marry the wife of your brother’”
6:5 qajx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐκεῖ ποιῆσαι οὐδεμίαν δύναμιν, εἰ μὴ ὀλίγοις ἀρρώστοις, ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας, ἐθεράπευσεν 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Mark was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only miracles he was able to do there were healing some sick people, having laid his hands on them”
6:5 ystk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἐδύνατο ἐκεῖ ποιῆσαι οὐδεμίαν δύναμιν 1 The words translated **not** and **any** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “he was able to do not even one miracle there”
6:6-7 swqh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure καὶ ἐθαύμασεν διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν.\nκαὶ περιῆγεν τὰς κώμας, κύκλῳ διδάσκων & καὶ προσκαλεῖται τοὺς δώδεκα, καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλειν δύο δύο, καὶ ἐδίδου αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων 1 Here, the clause **he was going around the villages teaching** could be: (1) the end of the story about Jesus visiting his hometown. Alternate translation: “And he was amazed because of their unbelief, and he was going around the villages in a circle teaching. And he calls the Twelve and began to send them out two by two, and he was giving them authority over the unclean spirits” (2) the beginning of the story about how Jesus sent out the twelve disciples. Alternate translation: “And he was amazed because of their unbelief. And he was going around the villages in a circle teaching, and he calls the Twelve and began to send them out two by two, and he was giving them authority over the unclean spirits”
6:6 e1bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐθαύμασεν διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was **their unbelief**. Alternate translation: “their unbelief amazed him”\n
6:6 j8mo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unbelief**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they did not believe”
6:6 h8f8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰς κώμας 1 Here Mark is referring to **the villages** in a specific area. He probably means the area near Nazareth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these villages are in a specific region. Alternate translation: “the villages of that region”
6:6 fs98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὰς κώμας, κύκλῳ 1 Here, the phrase **in a circle** indicates that Jesus went from village to village in the general pattern of a **circle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the villages in a circular pattern” or “around the villages, one by one,”
6:7 tdsp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
6:7 kqa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense προσκαλεῖται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he called”
6:7 fd56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἤρξατο αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλειν 1 Here, the phrase **began to send them out** indicates that Jesus prepared them for when he would **send them out**. The **Twelve** do not actually leave on their mission until [5:12](../05/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “prepared to send them out” or “began to get them ready to send them out”
6:7 d6sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom δύο δύο 1 Here, the phrase **two by two** means that Jesus sent out **the Twelve** in six groups with **two** disciples in each group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in pairs” or “in sets of two”
6:7 ldbv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐδίδου αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of authority, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he was empowering them to control the unclean spirits”
6:8-9 pydl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge καὶ παρήγγειλεν αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδὲν αἴρωσιν εἰς ὁδὸν, εἰ μὴ ῥάβδον μόνον, μὴ ἄρτον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ εἰς τὴν ζώνην χαλκόν & ἀλλὰ ὑποδεδεμένους σανδάλια, καὶ μὴ ἐνδύσησθε δύο χιτῶνας 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [6:8](../06/08.md) and [6:9](../06/09.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to put all the negative and positive commands together. Alternate translation: “and he commanded them that they should take nothing for the road—no bread, no bag, no money in the belt—and, ‘You may not wear two tunics.’ However, he allowed them to take a staff and to put on sandals.”
6:8-9 arcb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτοῖς ἵνα μηδὲν αἴρωσιν εἰς ὁδὸν, εἰ μὴ ῥάβδον μόνον, μὴ ἄρτον, μὴ πήραν, μὴ εἰς τὴν ζώνην χαλκόν & ἀλλὰ ὑποδεδεμένους σανδάλια, καὶ μὴ ἐνδύσησθε δύο χιτῶνας 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation for all these commands. Alternate translation: “them, ‘Take nothing for the road except only a staff—no bread, no bag, no money in the belt—but having put on sandals, and you may not wear two tunics.’”
6:8 k5hl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions μηδὲν αἴρωσιν εἰς ὁδὸν, εἰ μὴ ῥάβδον μόνον 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Mark was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only thing they should take for the road was a staff”
6:8 r5so rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὁδὸν 1 Here, **road** represents a journey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the journey”
6:8 t9a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche μὴ ἄρτον 1 Mark is using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “nothing to eat”
6:8 ykr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πήραν 1 The term **bag** means something a traveler would use to carry things that were needed on a journey. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “knapsack”
6:8 rm8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown εἰς τὴν ζώνην 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would often wrap their money up in long strips of cloth and then tie them around their waists as belts. This was a way to keep the money safe while the people were traveling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “in their money bag” or “to have with you as you travel”
6:8 y56y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τὴν ζώνην 1 The word **belt** represents belts in general, not one particular belt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “their belts”
6:9 p4hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations καὶ μὴ ἐνδύσησθε δύο χιτῶνας 1 If you preserved the indirect quotation in the previous clauses, it may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here also. Alternate translation: “and not wearing two tunics”
6:9 g5gq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δύο χιτῶνας 1 Here Jesus implies that they should bring only one tunic instead of **two**. In other words, they should not bring an extra one in case they needed it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a second tunic” or “a spare tunic”
6:10 cbln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰσέλθητε εἰς οἰκίαν 1 Here Jesus implies that they **enter** this **house** as a guest who has been invited to stay there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you enter into a house as a guest” or “you are invited to stay at a house”
6:10 icco rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκεῖθεν 1 Here, the word **there** refers to the city or village that the **house** is in. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from that city or village”
6:11 uh18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ὃς ἂν τόπος μὴ δέξηται 1 Here, **place** represents represents the people who live in that place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when the people in any place do not receive”
6:11 oa4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐκπορευόμενοι 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “coming out”
6:11 b2kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐκτινάξατε τὸν χοῦν τὸν ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν 1 This action was an expression of strong rejection in this culture. It showed that someone did not want even the dust of a house or city to remain on them. If there is a similar gesture in your culture, you could consider referring to it here, or you could explain the meaning of the action. Alternate translation: “wash the dirt of that place off your hands” or “shake off the dust that is under your feet to sever your relationship with that place and”
6:11 njlk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 Here Jesus implies that the **testimony** indicates that these people are in danger of being punished by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for a testimony that they will be punished”
6:11 q73q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς μαρτύριον 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to testify”
6:11 pkdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 Most ancient manuscripts end the verse with the words **for a testimony against them**. The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient manuscripts include another sentence after these words: “Truly I say to you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.” This sentence was probably added from [Matthew 10:15](../mat/10/15.md). If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, it is recommended that you use the reading of the ULT.
6:12 qkz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
6:12 hqco rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἐκήρυξαν ἵνα μετανοῶσιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “they proclaimed, ‘You should repent’”
6:12 gkv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns μετανοῶσιν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “everyone should repent” or “men and women should repent”
6:13 bf3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἤλειφον ἐλαίῳ πολλοὺς ἀρρώστους 1 In Jesus’ culture, **anointing** people **with oil** was both a simple medical treatment and also a way to ask God to show favor to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what **anointing** people **with oil** means. Alternate translation: “anointing many sick people with oil to help them” or “anointing many sick people with oil to show God’s blessing”
6:14 ykou rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἡρῴδης 1 Here Mark introduces **King Herod** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “Now the ruler over that area was King Herod. And he heard about Jesus”\n
6:14 btoi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” or “Sometime later,”
6:14 lyiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἡρῴδης, φανερὸν γὰρ ἐγένετο τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “because his name became known, King Herod heard about him”
6:14 rzor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 Here, **name** represents the person or news about that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he” or “stories about him”
6:14 sx0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἔλεγον, ὅτι Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐνεργοῦσιν αἱ δυνάμεις ἐν αὐτῷ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “they were saying that John the Baptist had been raised from the dead, and because of this the powers worked in him”
6:14 qzxu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔλεγον 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “many were saying” or “people were saying”
6:14 ylqm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants ἔλεγον 1 Some ancient manuscripts read **they were saying**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “he was saying.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
6:14 wixk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 These people are implying that Jesus is actually **John the Baptist**, who **has been raised from the dead** and now goes by the name Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “This man Jesus is actually John the Baptist raised from the dead” or “John the Baptist has been raised from the dead and is now called Jesus”
6:14 vxo7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐγήγερται 1 Here, the word** raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable idiom or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist has been restored to life”
6:14 ly7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων ἐγήγερται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, these people could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God has raised John the Baptist” (2) John himself did it. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist has risen”
6:14 wbgy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 These people are using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to all people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from among the dead people” or “from the corpses”
6:14 s0le rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Here, the phrase **because of this** introduces the result of what these people think about John being raised from the dead. They think that Jesus has powers because he has already been raised from the dead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because he has been raised,”
6:14 emjv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification ἐνεργοῦσιν αἱ δυνάμεις ἐν αὐτῷ 1 Here these people speak as if **the powers** were people that could work in Jesus. They mean that Jesus is powerful and can do powerful things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he has his powers” or “he is very powerful”
6:15 n8sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον, ὅτι Ἠλείας ἐστίν; ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον, ὅτι προφήτης, ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: “But others were saying that he was Elijah. But others were saying that he was a prophet, like one of the prophets”
6:15 s5cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis προφήτης 1 These people are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “He is a prophet”
6:15 xnin rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἷς τῶν προφητῶν 1 Here these people are referring to the famous **prophets** who lived many years earlier. There are many stories in the Old Testament about the amazing things these **prophets** did and said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these specific **prophets** more explicitly. Alternate translation: “one of the famous prophets from the Scriptures” or “one of the ancient prophets”
6:16 a5hb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ὃν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα, Ἰωάννην οὗτος ἠγέρθη 1 Here, the phrase **this one** refers directly back to **{The one} whom I beheaded, John**. Herod expresses the idea in this way to introduce the person he is talking about and then explain what he thinks has happened to that person. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the phrase **this one** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “The one whom I beheaded, John, has been raised”
6:16 tc0t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 1 Herod is implying that Jesus is actually **John**, who **has been raised** and now goes by the name Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “This man Jesus is actually the one whom I beheaded, John, who has been raised” or “The one whom I beheaded, John, this one has been raised and is now called Jesus”
6:16 ym2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα 1 Here Herod implies that he had his soldiers behead John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “my soldiers beheaded” or “I had my soldiers behead”
6:16 oidb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom οὗτος ἠγέρθη 1 See how you expressed the similar phrase in [6:14](../06/14.md). Alternate translation: “has been restored to life”
6:16 n6nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οὗτος ἠγέρθη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Herod could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God has raised this one” (2) John himself did it. Alternate translation: “this one has risen”
6:17-18 recp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Ἡρῴδης, ἀποστείλας ἐκράτησεν τὸν Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν φυλακῇ διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι αὐτὴν ἐγάμησεν & ἔλεγεν γὰρ ὁ Ἰωάννης τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [6:17](../06/17.md) and [6:18](../06/18.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to include the reasons why Herod **seized John and bound him in prison** before stating that he did those things. Alternate translation: “For Herod had married Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip. Then, John was saying to Herod, ‘It is not lawful for you to have the wife of your brother.’ So, because of Herodias, Herod himself, having sent, seized John and bound him in prison.”
6:17 ojtd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces background information that tells about how John died. This background information continues in [6:18–29](../06/18.md). In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information, not the next event in the story. Alternate translation: “Now sometime earlier,” or “By this time, John had already died. Here is what happened:”
6:17 kphw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Ἡρῴδης, ἀποστείλας ἐκράτησεν τὸν Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν φυλακῇ διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι αὐτὴν ἐγάμησεν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these elements, since the second half of the verse gives reasons for the result that the first half of the verse describes. Alternate translation: “Herod married Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip. Because of her, Herod himself, having sent, seized John and bound him in prison”
6:17 vpr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit αὐτὸς & ὁ Ἡρῴδης, ἀποστείλας ἐκράτησεν τὸν Ἰωάννην, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν φυλακῇ 1 Here Mark implies that **Herod** sent his soldiers to do these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Herod himself, having sent his soldiers, had them seize John and bind him in prison”
6:17 wail rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns αὐτὸς & ὁ Ἡρῴδης 1 Mark uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that **Herod** was the one did these things. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “it was Herod who” or “indeed Herod”
6:17 gimy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι αὐτὴν ἐγάμησεν 1 Here Mark introduces **Herodias** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a woman named Herodias, who was the wife of his brother Philip, because he married her”
6:17 ywv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι αὐτὴν ἐγάμησεν 1 Here Matthew implies that Herod married Herodias after she divorced Philip, Herod’s brother. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “whom he married after she divorced his brother Philip” or “who had been the wife of his brother Philip, because he married her after she divorced Philip”
6:17 sf6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 The word **Philip** is the name of a man. This is not the same Philip who was an evangelist in the book of Acts or the Philip who was one of Jesus’ twelve disciples.
6:17 szok rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 It is not certain whether **Philip** was older or younger than Herod, but it is slightly more likely that he was older. So, if you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger brother, you could state that **Philip** was older. Alternate translation: “his older brother”
6:18 a46w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Herod put John in prison. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: “He did that because”
6:18 e2ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “to Herod that it was not lawful for him to have the wife of his brother”
6:18 vl4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοι & σου 1 Because John is speaking to Herod, the words **you** and **your** are singular.
6:19 x35v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἤθελεν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι 1 **Herodias** did not plan to personally kill John, but she wanted someone else to execute John for her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this in plain language. Alternate translation: “wanted someone to kill him”
6:20 k13z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον καὶ ἅγιον 1 The word **righteous** and the word **holy** mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that John was a very righteous man. If your language does not use repetition to do this, you can use one phrase and provide emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “because he knew that he was a very righteous man”
6:21 m54q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Ἡρῴδης τοῖς γενεσίοις αὐτοῦ δεῖπνον ἐποίησεν, τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the name **Herod** actually means his servants, whom Herod would have commanded to prepare the meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “Herod had his servants prepare a dinner for his officials”
6:22 a1d7 εἰσελθούσης τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῳδιάδος 1 We know from verse 17 that Herod married **Herodias** after she divorced his brother. Herodias’ daughter, who danced for Herod, was Herod’s niece and step-daughter. There are a few possible reasons why Mark refers to her as **his daughter Herodias**. Mark could: (1) be referring to Herod’s daughter-in-law as if she were Herod’s daughter’s to emphasize how close they were. Alternate translation: “And his daughter by Herodias” (2) be speaking about the daughter by using the name of her better-known mother, Herodias.
6:18 psjw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 See how you translated **brother** in [6:17](../06/17.md). Alternate translation: “of your older brother”
6:19-20 lj6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge ἡ δὲ Ἡρῳδιὰς ἐνεῖχεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἤθελεν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι, καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο & ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην, εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον καὶ ἅγιον, καὶ συνετήρει αὐτόν; καὶ ἀκούσας αὐτοῦ, πολλὰ ἠπόρει, καὶ ἡδέως αὐτοῦ ἤκουεν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [6:19](../06/19.md) and [6:20](../06/20.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to include the reasons why Herodias **was not able** to kill John before stating that she was not able to kill him. Alternate translation: “But Herodias was angry with him and was wanting to kill him. But Herod was fearing John, knowing him {to be} a righteous and holy man, and he was keeping him safe, and having heard him, he was greatly perplexed, yet he was listening to him gladly. So, Herodias was not able to kill him”
6:19 x35v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἤθελεν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Here Mark implies that Herodias wanted to send someone to **kill** John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was wanting to have him killed” or “was wanting to have Herod’s soldiers kill him”
6:19 ujer rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2 Here, the word **and** introduces Herodias could actually do in contrast with what she wanted to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “but”
6:19 ft31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἠδύνατο 1 Mark is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “she was not able to kill him”
6:20 lmbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Herodias was not able to kill John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for something, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “which was because” or “since”
6:20 k13z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit συνετήρει αὐτόν 1 Here Mark implies that Herod kept John **safe** while he was in jail. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he was keeping him safe in prison”
6:20 zcw0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants πολλὰ ἠπόρει 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **he was greatly perplexed**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “he was doing many things.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
6:20 kciv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πολλὰ ἠπόρει 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what John said. Alternate translation: “what John said perplexed him greatly”
6:20 l3mo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 4 Here, the word **and** introduces how Herod listened to John in contrast with how he was **perplexed**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “yet”
6:21 l96u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου 1 Here Mark implies that it was **an opportune day** for Herodias to convince Herod to have John executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a good opportunity for Herodias to kill John having come” or “a day having come when it was a good time for Herodias to have Herod execute John”
6:21 m54q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δεῖπνον ἐποίησεν 1 Here Mark implies that Herod had his servants make **a dinner**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “had his servants make a dinner”
6:21 vg8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῖς γενεσίοις αὐτοῦ 1 In some cultures, people celebrate a **birthday**, the day that someone was born. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of celebration, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “for his birthday celebration” or “for celebrations on the anniversary of his birth”
6:21 kxru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **his great ones** refers to the important people in Herod’s court. They were probably high-ranking officials who served under Herod. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “his high-ranking courtiers” or “the important people in his court”
6:21 s0y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τοῖς πρώτοις τῆς Γαλιλαίας 1 Here, Mark refers to important or respected people as if they were **first**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the respected of Galilee” or “the significant ones of Galilee”
6:21 eouo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοῖς πρώτοις 1 Mark is using the adjective **first** as a noun to mean first people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “for the first people” or “for the people who were first”
6:22 mjaj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants καὶ εἰσελθούσης τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῳδιάδος, καὶ ὀρχησαμένης καὶ ἀρεσάσης τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ καὶ τοῖς συνανακειμένοις & ὁ βασιλεὺς 1 Here Mark introduces Herod’s **daughter** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “a young woman entered. She was his daughter, of Herodias. She danced and pleased Herod and the ones reclining to eat with him, so the king”
6:22 qd9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῳδιάδος 1 Some ancient manuscripts read **his daughter, of Herodias**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “the daughter of Herodias herself.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
6:22 a1d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῳδιάδος 1 The phrase translated **his daughter, of Herodias** could indicate that: (1) the young woman, who is not named, was the **daughter** of **Herodias** and so also Herod’s step-daughter. Alternate translation: “the daughter of Herodias, Herod’s step-daughter” (2) the young woman, named Herodias, was the **daughter** of Herod. She had the same name as the woman Herod had married. Alternate translation: “Herod’s daughter Herodias”
6:22 tni8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῖς συνανακειμένοις 1 In Herod’s culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, at a table when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “the ones sitting down to eat with him” or “the ones eating with him”
6:22 cxf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἶπεν & τῷ κορασίῳ, αἴτησόν με ὃ ἐὰν θέλῃς, καὶ δώσω σοι 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “told the girl that she should him whatever she desired, and he would give it to her”
6:22 mpv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ κορασίῳ 1 Here, the word **girl** refers to a woman who has reached puberty but who is still young, probably between 12 and 20 years old. Use a word in your language that refers generally to a young woman who has reached puberty. Alternate translation: “to the young lady”
6:22 jmdl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular αἴτησόν & θέλῃς & σοι 1 Because Herod is speaking to the girl, the command **Ask** and the word **you** throughout this verse are singular.
6:23 tvwj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτῇ, ὅτι ἐάν με αἰτήσῃς, δώσω σοι, ἕως ἡμίσους τῆς βασιλείας μου 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “her that if she asked him, he would give it to her, up to half of his kingdom”
6:23 er6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular αἰτήσῃς & σοι 1 Because Herod is speaking to the girl, the word **you** is singular throughout this verse.
6:25 caz0 εὐθὺς & μετὰ σπουδῆς & ἐξαυτῆς 1 The words **immediately**, **with haste**, and **at once** all communicate a sense of urgency. Make sure to communicate this urgency in your language.
6:25 ap2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δῷς μοι 1 The implication is that the daughter of Herodias wants King Herod to have someone cut off John the Baptizer’s head and then give it to her. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you cut off John’s head and bring it to me”
6:23 vwbx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἕως ἡμίσους τῆς βασιλείας μου 1 Herod says **up to half of my kingdom** here as an overstatement for emphasis. He means that he will definitely give the young woman what she asks for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Herod is making an overstatement, or you could express the idea more generally. Alternate translation: “even if it were up to half of my kingdom” or “no matter how valuable” or “even if it is very difficult to give”
6:24 fn58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθοῦσα 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
6:24 b57y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἶπεν τῇ μητρὶ αὐτῆς, τί αἰτήσωμαι? ἡ δὲ εἶπεν, τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ βαπτίζοντος 1 It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: “she asked her mother what she should ask. And her mother said that she should ask for the head of John the Baptist”
6:24 wlxm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῇ μητρὶ αὐτῆς 1 Here Mark implies that **her mother** is Herodias, Herod’s wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to Herodias, her mother”
6:24 skbr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ βαπτίζοντος 1 The mother is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “You should ask for the head of John the Baptist”
6:24 v8ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ βαπτίζοντος 1 Here the mother is implying that the daughter should ask King Herod to behead **John the Baptist** and then present his severed **head** to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “The head of John Baptist after he has been beheaded” or “The head of John the Baptist severed from his body”
6:25 caz0 μετὰ σπουδῆς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **haste**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “quickly” or “hurriedly”
6:25 v2q6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγουσα 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and she said”
6:25 ap2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit θέλω ἵνα ἐξαυτῆς δῷς μοι ἐπὶ πίνακι τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ 1 Here the woman implies that she wants Herod to have John killed by having his **head** cut off and brought to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I desire that you would have one of your soldiers at once behead John the Baptist and then give me his head here on a platter”
6:25 h3x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular δῷς 1 Because the girl is speaking to Herod, the word **you** is singular.
6:26 c1gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τοὺς συνανακειμένους 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could state clearly the content of the **oaths**, and the relationship between the **oaths** and the dinner guests. Alternate translation: “because his dinner guests had heard him make the oaths that he would give her anything she asked for”
6:34 j1td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἦσαν ὡς πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα 1 Jesus compares the people to **sheep**, which are confused and vulnerable when they do not have their **shepherd** to lead them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they were confused when they did not have someone to lead them”
6:35 sei9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἤδη ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης 1 This phrase means it was the day was nearly ended. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “near the end of the day” or “toward evening”
6:35 hz4h ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ τόπος 1 The phrase **This place is desolate** means that there were no people or very few people in that place. See how you translated the similar phrase in [Mark 6:31](../06/31.md).
6:25 icqi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πίνακι 1 A **platter** is a large, flat serving dish. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of dish, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a tray” or “a large serving plate”
6:26 lh9k περίλυπος γενόμενος 1 Alternate translation: “feeling very sorry”
6:26 c1gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τοὺς συνανακειμένους 1 Here Mark indicates two reasons why Herod kept his word. First, he had made **oaths** that he did not want to break. Second, he had promised in front of **the ones reclining to eat with him**, and it would be embarrassing and shameful to break his promise when everyone had heard it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these reasons more explicit. Alternate translation: “because he had used oaths and because the ones reclining to eat with him had heard what he promised”
6:26 gtal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς συνανακειμένους 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, at a table when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. See how you translated this phrase in [6:22](../06/22.md). Alternate translation: “the ones sitting down to eat with him” or “the ones eating with him”
6:26 mu7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἠθέλησεν ἀθετῆσαι αὐτήν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **refuse**. Alternate translation: “had to allow it” or “was compelled to do what she asked”
6:27 xmyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events ἀποστείλας & σπεκουλάτορα, ἐπέταξεν ἐνέγκαι τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause describes what the king **commanded** before he **sent** the executioner. Alternate translation: “having commanded an executioner to bring his head, sent him off”
6:27 kx53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σπεκουλάτορα 1 An **executioner** is a soldier who executes people for his commander. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of soldier, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “one of his soldiers”
6:27 k89i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐνέγκαι τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ 1 Here Mark implies that Herod commanded the executioner to cut off John’s **head** and then **bring** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to behead John Baptist and then to bring his head” or “to bring the head of John the Baptist severed from his body”
6:28 jeax rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown πίνακι 1 See how you translated the word **platter** in [6:25](../06/25.md). Alternate translation: “a tray” or “a large serving plate”
6:28 a2bs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῷ κορασίῳ & τὸ κοράσιον 1 See how you translated **girl** in [6:22](../06/22.md). Alternate translation: “to the young lady … the young lady”
6:29 uzl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἦλθον 1 Here Mark implies that John’s disciples went to the jail where John had been imprisoned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “came to the place where John had been imprisoned”
6:29 k77n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
6:30 u01i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. This event continues the story about how Jesus sent the twelve apostles out to drive out demons and to preach (see [6:7–13](../06/07.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Make sure that it is clear that Mark is continuing the story from earlier in the chapter. Alternate translation: “Now to return to the story,” or “Now”
6:30 cq4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνάγονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “gather together” or “assemble”
6:30 ixz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense συνάγονται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “were gathered together”
6:30 v44x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησαν καὶ ὅσα ἐδίδαξαν 1 The expression **everything, as much as they did and as much as they taught** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “as much as they did and taught”
6:31 o97p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, δεῦτε ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ κατ’ ἰδίαν εἰς ἔρημον τόπον, καὶ ἀναπαύσασθε ὀλίγον & ἦσαν γὰρ οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες πολλοί, καὶ οὐδὲ φαγεῖν εὐκαίρουν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these sentences, since the second sentence gives the reason for the result that the firs sentence describes. Alternate translation: “And the ones coming and the ones going were many, and they were not even having opportunity to eat. Therefore, he says to them, ‘You yourselves, come by yourselves to a desolate place and rest a little while.’”
6:31 vw04 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
6:31 bpmv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ 1 Jesus uses the word **yourselves** to emphasize that he wants the disciples to come with him. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “As for you”
6:31 vu17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες 1 Here Mark means that many people were visiting the place where Jesus and the disciples were. Many people were visiting and many others were leaving all the time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the people visiting that place and then leaving” or “the people who were there”
6:31 y7sq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns οὐδὲ φαγεῖν εὐκαίρουν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **opportunity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “they could not even find time to eat” or “they were so busy that they could not eat”
6:32 dhhr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπῆλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “they came away”
6:32 exy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun τῷ πλοίῳ 1 Here, the phrase **the boat** could refer to: (1) a boat, without specifying which one. Alternate translation: “a certain boat” (2) the same boat that Jesus and his disciples used in [5:21](../05/21.md). Alternate translation: “the same boat they had used earlier”
6:33 bi18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἶδον αὐτοὺς ὑπάγοντας, καὶ ἐπέγνωσαν πολλοί 1 The word **many** could go with: (1) just **knew**. Alternate translation: “people saw them leaving, and many people knew” (2) both **saw** and **knew**. Alternate translation: “many saw them leaving and knew”
6:33 yq0y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns εἶδον 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers generally to people. Alternate translation: “some saw” or “people who were there saw”
6:33 b5hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πολλοί 1 Mark is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many people”
6:33 tekx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπέγνωσαν 1 Here Mark could be implying that they **knew**: (1) that Jesus and his disciples were the ones who were **leaving**. Alternate translation: “recognized them” (2) where Jesus and disciples were going. Alternate translation: “realized where they were going”
6:33 ec62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo πεζῇ & συνέδραμον ἐκεῖ 1 The expression **on foot** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “they ran there together”
6:33 lxrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων 1 Here Matthew refers to the cities near where Jesus and the disciples had been. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from all the cities in that region” or “from all the nearby cities”
6:34 u25j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξελθὼν 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus came out of the boat in which he and the disciples were sailing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come out of the boat” or “having disembarked”
6:34 t449 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone out”
6:34 jdg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς, ὅτι ἦσαν ὡς πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “because they were like sheep not having a shepherd, he had compassion on them”
6:34 sh2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπ’ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he sympathized with”
6:34 j1td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ὅτι ἦσαν ὡς πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα 1 Here Mark compares the people who were there to **sheep** who do not have **a shepherd**. Just as **sheep** without **a shepherd** have no one to lead and take care of them, so the people have no one to lead and take care of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning of the simile more explicitly. Alternate translation: “because, like sheep without a shepherd, they did not know what to do or where to go”
6:35 sei9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἤδη ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης & ἤδη ὥρα πολλή 1 When Mark says that an **hour** is **much**, he means that it is a time later in the day, probably soon before sunset. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the late afternoon having already arrived … the late afternoon is already here” or “the evening having almost come … the evening is almost here”
6:35 hz4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προσελθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
6:36 zrnd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἀπόλυσον αὐτούς 1 Because the disciples are speaking to Jesus, the command **Send them away** is singular.
6:37 cts5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀπελθόντες, ἀγοράσωμεν δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους, καὶ δώσομεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν? 1 The disciples ask this question to say that there is no way they could afford to buy enough food for this crowd. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We could not buy enough bread to feed this crowd even if we had two hundred denarii!”
6:37 wowk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo ἀπελθόντες, ἀγοράσωμεν δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους, καὶ δώσομεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν 1 The disciples are using a hypothetical situation to express how expensive it would be to buy enough food for all of the people. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose we had 200 denarii. Even that amount of money would not be sufficient to buy enough food from the market to feed all of these people” or “Suppose we go out to the market, how could we afford to spend 200 denarii on food to feed all of these people”
6:37 hs21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηναρίων διακοσίων 1 The singular form of the word **denarii** is “denarius.” A denarius was a Roman silver coin worth one day’s wages for a laborer. Alternate translation: “200 days’ wages worth”
6:37 c65w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers δηναρίων διακοσίων 1 Alternate translation: “two hundred denarii”
6:39 xgb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ 1 Describe the **grass** with the word used in your language to describe healthy grass, which may or may not be the color **green**.
6:40 e4cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πρασιαὶ πρασιαὶ, κατὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ κατὰ πεντήκοντα 1 The phrase **according to hundreds and according to fifties** refers to the number of people in each of the groups. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in groups of a hundred people and in groups of fifty people”
6:41 l8q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 The phrase **having looked up to heaven** means that Jesus **looked up** toward the sky, which is associated with the place where God lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “after Jesus looked up to the sky”
6:44 v4m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 Alternate translation: “five thousand men”
6:44 deov rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background καὶ ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες τοὺς ἄρτους, πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 Mark provides this background information about Jesus’ location to help readers understand how many people they fed. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information.
6:44 u413 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες τοὺς ἄρτους, πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 The number of women and children was not counted. If it would not be understood that women and children were present, that can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there were 5,000 men who ate the loaves. They did not even count the women and children”
6:45 y3ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθσαϊδάν 1 The word **Bethsaida** is the name of a town on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee.
6:48 g7ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τετάρτην φυλακὴν τῆς νυκτὸς 1 The term **the fourth watch of the night** refers to the time between 3 AM and sunrise. If your reader would not be familiar with this, you could state this explicitly.
6:50 et5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism θαρσεῖτε, ἐγώ εἰμι; μὴ φοβεῖσθε 1 The phrases **Take courage** and **Do not be afraid** are similar in meaning. Jesus uses both phrases in order to emphasize to his disciples that they do not need to be afraid. These two phrases can be combined into one phrase if it would be helpful in your language. Alternate translation: “I am not a ghost! It is I, Jesus!”
6:52 m53m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄρτοις 1 Here the phrase **about the loaves** refers to when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “what it meant when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread” or “what it meant when Jesus caused the few loaves to become many”
6:52 t1qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη 1 Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if **their heart had been hardened**. If the **heart** is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. Alternately, you could use plain language to express this idea. Alternate translation: “they had become stubborn”
6:52 m7yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία 1 In this verse, the word **heart** is singular in form, but it refers to all of their hearts as a group. If this would confuse your readers, you could use the plural form. Alternate translation: “their hearts”
6:53 p316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Γεννησαρὲτ 1 The word **Gennesaret** is the name of the region to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee.
6:55 d9k9 περιέδραμον & ἤκουον 1 Both occurrences of the word **they** in this verse refer to the people who recognized Jesus, not to the disciples.
6:56 gi6y ἐτίθεσαν 1 Here, **they** refers to the people. It does not refer to Jesus’ disciples.
6:56 y6hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας 1 The phrase **the sick** refers to sick people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state it explicitly. Alternate translation: “the sick people”
6:56 bqzf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism εἰς κώμας, ἢ εἰς πόλεις, ἢ εἰς ἀγροὺς 1 These three phrases mean basically the same thing. The second and third emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If the repetition might be confusing, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “any village and city, or even in the rural area”
6:36 ruhn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative ἀπόλυσον αὐτούς 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you send the them away”
6:36 essv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism τοὺς κύκλῳ ἀγροὺς καὶ κώμας 1 Here, Mark is referring to that whole region by naming its two primary parts, the **countryside** and the **villages**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the whole surrounding area”
6:37 cxcw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus says in a contrast with what the disciples asked him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,”
6:37 odj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “they said”
6:37 cts5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀπελθόντες, ἀγοράσωμεν δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους, καὶ δώσομεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν? 1 The disciples are using the question form to show that Jesus’ command is absurd or impossible. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We cannot go away and buy 200 denarii of bread and give it to them to eat.” or “We could not go away and buy enough bread to give to them to eat even if we had 200 denarii!”
6:37 c65w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους 1 Here, the disciples are using the possessive form to describe **bread** that is worth **200 denarii**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “bread worth 200 denarii” or “bread with 200 denarii”
6:37 hs21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηναρίων διακοσίων 1 The word **denarii** refers to silver coins, each equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “200 silver coins” or “200 days’ wages”
6:38 rw5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus says in a contrast with what the disciples just implied about how impossible it would be for them to feed everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,”
6:38 si8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει & λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said … they said”
6:38 b90s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 The word **loaves** refers to loaves of bread, which are lumps of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bread, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread”
6:38 n83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπάγετε, ἴδετε 1 Here Jesus commands to the disciples to **Go** to where they kept their food and **See** how much they have. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Check your supplies and note what you have” or “Go to where you keep your food and see what is there”
6:38 ssyv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γνόντες 1 Here Mark implies that they knew how many loaves of bread they had. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having known how many loaves they had”
6:38 d7u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis πέντε καὶ δύο ἰχθύας 1 The disciples are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We have five loaves, and we also have two fish”
6:39 z5pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἐπέταξεν αὐτοῖς ἀνακλῖναι πάντας 1 The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) **all** the people who were there. In this case, Jesus directly commanded the crowd **to recline**. Alternate translation: “he commanded the whole crowd to recline” (2) the disciples, who them told **all** the people who were there **to recline**. In this case, Jesus commands the disciples, who command the crowd. Alternate translation: “he commanded the disciples to have all the people recline”
6:39 dfv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτοῖς ἀνακλῖναι πάντας, συμπόσια συμπόσια ἐπὶ τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “them all, ‘Recline group by group on the green grass’”
6:39 cys0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνακλῖναι 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would usually **recline**, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “to sit down to eat” or “to get ready to eat”
6:39 rr46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom συμπόσια συμπόσια 1 Here, the phrase **group by group** indicates that the people were supposed to sit down in many smaller groups of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in many smaller groups” or “in separate groups”
6:39 xgb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ 1 Mark describes the **grass** as **green** because it was growing and healthy. If your readers would not be familiar with **green grass**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the growing grass” or “the healthy grass”\n
6:40 g8dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀνέπεσαν 1 See how you translated “recline” in [6:39](../06/39.md). Alternate translation: “they sat down to eat” or “they got ready to eat”
6:40 e4cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πρασιαὶ πρασιαὶ, κατὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ κατὰ πεντήκοντα 1 The phrase **according to hundreds and according to fifties** refers to the number of people in each of the groups. In other words, some groups had a hundred people in them, and other groups had fifty people in them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in groups of 100 people and in groups of 50 people” or “group by group, some with 100 people and some with 50 people”
6:40 wls7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πρασιαὶ πρασιαὶ 1 See how you translated **group by group** in [6:39](../06/39.md). Alternate translation: “in many smaller groups” or “in separate groups”
6:41 lydm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους & τοὺς ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [6:38](../06/38.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread … the large chunks of bread”
6:41 l8q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 In Jesus’ culture, most people thought that **heaven** was up above the earth. Looking up towards **heaven** was a common posture for someone who was praying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a common posture for prayer in your culture, or you could explain the meaning of this posture. Alternate translation: “having raised his arms in prayer” or “having looked up to heaven to pray”
6:41 b1yq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εὐλόγησεν 1 Here Mark could be implying that Jesus **blessed**: (1) God for providing the food. Alternate translation: “he blessed God” or “he praised God” (2) the food. Alternate translation: “he blessed the food” or “he asked God to make the food holy”
6:41 yrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κατέκλασεν τοὺς ἄρτους 1 Here Mark means that Jesus **broke the loaves** of bread in **pieces** so that they could be served to the crowds. This was a normal practice in his culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “divided the loaves into servings” or “broke the loaves into smaller pieces”
6:41 uqzs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς δύο ἰχθύας ἐμέρισεν πᾶσιν 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus **divided the two fish** as he had divided the **loaves** among everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in the same way he divided the two fish among all” or “he broke the two fish and gave them to his disciples so that they might set them also before all”
6:41 q3mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj πᾶσιν 1 Mark is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all the people who were there. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “among all of them”
6:42 szop rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔφαγον πάντες 1 The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they all ate** refers to the crowds who were there. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the crowds all ate” or “all the groups of people ate”
6:42 wi2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your languages. Alternative translation: “until they were full”
6:43 u5ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κοφίνων 1 The word **baskets** refers to large circular containers that store food or other items. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers”
6:43 rw83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κλάσματα & καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἰχθύων 1 Here Mark means that they filled the baskets with the leftovers from the meal, including **broken pieces** of bread and pieces **from the fish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of broken pieces of bread and parts of fish” or “of leftover pieces of bread and fish”
6:44 deov rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background καὶ 1 Mark uses the word **And** to introduce background information that helps the readers understand how amazing what Jesus did was. The word does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “As for how many people were there,” or “In the end,”
6:44 v4m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοὺς ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [6:38](../06/38.md). Alternate translation: “the large chunks of bread”
6:44 t68v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τοὺς ἄρτους 1 Mark is using **loaves** to represent all the food that they ate, including the bread and the fish. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the food” or “the loaves and the fish”
6:44 u413 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἦσαν & πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 Here Mark indicates that **5,000 men** ate the food that Jesus provided. He does not state whether there were other people there. If possible, use a phrase that refers to **5,000 men** without implying whether other people were there. If you must imply or state whether other people were there, you could: (1) indicate that there were women and children there who were not counted. Alternate translation: “were 5,000 men, and there were women and children there too” (2) indicate that only these men ate the food. Alternate translation: “were the 5,000 men who were there”
6:45 s6yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ εὐθὺς 1 Here, the phrase **And immediately** introduces the next major event in the story. Mark implies that this event began soon after the event he just finished narrating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “Soon after that,”
6:45 o3wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὸ πέραν 1 Here Mark implies that the disciples are sailing **to the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the other side of the lake” or “across the sea to the opposite side”
6:45 y3ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βηθσαϊδάν 1 The word **Bethsaida** is the name of a town. It was located on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee.
6:45 f3zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἀπολύει τὸν ὄχλον 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “sent the crowd away”
6:46 hedu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) the crowd that had eaten the bread and fish. Alternate translation: “to the crowd” (2) the disciples. Alternate translation: “to the disciples”
6:46 fovx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo τὸ ὄρος 1 Mark does not clarify what **mountain** this is or how high up it is. If possible, use a general word for a hill or small mountain without indicating one particular place. Alternate translation: “a high place” or “a small mountain”
6:47 ff7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὀψίας γενομένης 1 Mark indicated that it was late in the day earlier in the story (see [6:35](../06/35.md)). Here, he uses a similar phrase but implies that it was later on in the evening. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that describes a time later than the time described in [6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: “when it was even later in the evening” or “further into the evening”\n
6:47 wczi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ πλοῖον 1 Here Mark implies that **the boat** has the disciples in it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the boat with the disciples inside”
6:48 a0u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result αὐτοὺς βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν, ἦν γὰρ ὁ ἄνεμος ἐναντίος αὐτοῖς; καὶ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “that the wind was against them and so they were being tormented as they rowed,”
6:48 bz2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive αὐτοὺς βασανιζομένους 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the wind. Alternate translation: “the wind tormenting them”
6:48 co87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor βασανιζομένους 1 Here Mark refers to how hard the disciples were working to row the boat against the wind as if they were **being tormented**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “working very hard” or “making almost no progress”
6:48 cd73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν 1 When people row a boat, they stick long, flat pieces of wood, called oars, into the water and push or pull so that the boat moves. If your readers would not be familiar with this way of making a boat move, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “as they pushed the boat along with oars” or “as they worked to move the boat”
6:48 k087 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἦν & ὁ ἄνεμος ἐναντίος αὐτοῖς 1 When**wind** is **against** people in a boat, that means that it is blowing directly opposite to the direction in which the boat is traveling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the wind was opposite to the direction they were sailing” or “the wind was blowing directly against them”
6:48 g7ka rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown περὶ τετάρτην φυλακὴν τῆς νυκτὸς 1 Here, the phrase **about the fourth watch of the night** refers to the period of time between 3:00 AM and 6:00 AM. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that refers to this period of time. Alternate translation: “in the last part of the night” or “shortly before dawn”
6:48 nbw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔρχεται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “he goes”
6:48 sjv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense ἔρχεται 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he came”
6:48 wpbk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit περιπατῶν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης 1 Here Mark means that Jesus was miraculously **walking** on the surface of **the sea**. He did not sink into the water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “walking on the surface of the sea” or “miraculously walking on top of the sea”
6:48 b0vo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἤθελεν παρελθεῖν αὐτούς 1 Here, the clause **he was wishing to pass by them** could indicate that: (1) Jesus intended to walk past them. Alternate translation: “he intended to pass them by” (2) it looked like Jesus was going to walk past them. Alternate translation: “he was about to pass by them” or “it looked like he was going to pass by them”
6:49-50 pi8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge οἱ, δὲ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης περιπατοῦντα, ἔδοξαν ὅτι φάντασμά ἐστιν, καὶ ἀνέκραξαν & πάντες γὰρ αὐτὸν εἶδον, καὶ ἐταράχθησαν & ὁ δὲ εὐθὺς ἐλάλησεν μετ’ αὐτῶν, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, θαρσεῖτε, ἐγώ εἰμι; μὴ φοβεῖσθε 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [6:49](../06/49.md) and [6:50](../06/50.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to give all the reasons why the disciples **cried out** before stating that they **cried out**. Alternate translation: “But they, having seen him walking on the sea, thought that he is a ghost. In fact, they all saw him and were troubled. So, they cried out. But immediately he spoke with them and says to them, ‘Take courage! It is I! Do not be afraid!’”
6:49 go9o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
6:49 ddd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης περιπατοῦντα 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:48](../06/48.md). Alternate translation: “walking on the surface of the sea” or “miraculously walking on top of the sea”
6:49 xa2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἔδοξαν ὅτι φάντασμά ἐστιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “thought, ‘He is a ghost,’”
6:49 e4o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown φάντασμά 1 Here, the word **ghost** refers to a spiritual or supernatural being that people see. In Jesus’ culture, when people saw a **ghost**, they usually assumed that something bad was going to happen. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of unusual experience, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an apparition” or “some powerful and dangerous being”
6:50 lr8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the disciples cried out (see [6:49](../06/49.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for an action, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “which they did because”
6:50 xph7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐταράχθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were very nervous” or “were very anxious”
6:50 st68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ἐλάλησεν μετ’ αὐτῶν, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς 1 The expression **spoke with them and says to them** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “says to them” or “spoke to them”
6:50 nue5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
6:50 et5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns θαρσεῖτε 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **courage**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be courageous”
6:51 vfo6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo λείαν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἐξίσταντο 1 The expression **they were very amazed within themselves** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “they were very amazed”
6:51 s26w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive λείαν & ἐξίσταντο 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they marveled very much”
6:52 etr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation about why the disciples reacted the way they did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “They were so amazed because” or “They responded like that since”
6:52 m53m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ & συνῆκαν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄρτοις 1 Here Mark implies that they **did not understand** what Jesus’ miracle with **the loaves** indicated about him. In other words, when Jesus fed many people with just five **loaves**, it meant that he was a very powerful, special person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they did not understand what it meant when Jesus fed many people with the five loaves” or “they did not realize the significance of the miracle Jesus had performed with the loaves”
6:52 e5uu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῖς ἄρτοις 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [6:38](../06/38.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread”
6:52 ufmh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast τοῖς ἄρτοις ἀλλ’ 1 Here, the word **but** introduces what was true about the disciples (they had hard hearts) in contrast with what they should have done (**understand about the loaves**). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **but** untranslated. Alternate translation: “the loaves; instead,”
6:52 t1qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη 1 Here, Mark is speaking of the disciples’ **heart** as if it **were having been hardened**. He means that the disciples were stubborn and refused to listen and learn. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they were being stubborn” or “they were unwilling to pay attention”
6:52 lxd1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that it was the disciples themselves. Alternate translation: “their hearts had become hard” or “they had hardened their hearts”
6:52 m7yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία 1 If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **heart**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “their hearts”
6:53 twem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διαπεράσαντες 1 Mark implies that they **crossed over** the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having crossed over the lake”
6:53 bxnf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “they went”
6:53 p316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Γεννησαρὲτ 1 The word **Gennesaret** could refer to: (1) a region on the northwest side of the Sea of Galilee. Alternate translation: “the area called Gennesaret” (2) a small town on the northwest side of the Sea of Galilee. Alternate translation: “the village of Gennesaret”
6:53 p79w rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown προσωρμίσθησαν 1 When people anchor a boat, they fasten it securely to something solid so that it cannot float away. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of action, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “pulled the boat up on the shore” or “tied the boat to something on the shore” or “secured the boat there”
6:54 xlpe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθόντων 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone out”
6:55 d9k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns περιέδραμον & ἤρξαντο & ἤκουον 1 Here, the pronoun **they** in the phrase **they ran** refers to the people who recognized Jesus. The pronoun **they** in the phrases **they began** and **they were hearing** refer to people who lived throughout **that whole region**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people there ran throughout … those who lived in that region began … they were hearing”
6:55 ufvx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοῖς κραβάττοις 1 The word **mats** refers to portable beds that could also be used to transport a person. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bed, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated this word in [2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “their stretchers”
6:55 rcq0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἐπὶ τοῖς κραβάττοις τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας 1 The pronoun **their** refers to **the ones having sickness**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the ones having sickness on their mats”
6:55 svpg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sickness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the sick people”
6:55 f5s2 ὅπου ἤκουον ὅτι ἐστίν 1 Alternate translation: “wherever they were hearing that Jesus had gone”
6:55 afpm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἤκουον ὅτι ἐστίν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “they were hearing, ‘He is there’”
6:56 bqzf εἰς κώμας, ἢ εἰς πόλεις, ἢ εἰς ἀγροὺς 1 Alternate translation: “into little towns or into big towns or into rural areas”
6:56 gi6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἐτίθεσαν 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers generally to people. Alternate translation: “men and women were placing”
6:56 eh2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ταῖς ἀγοραῖς 1 The word **marketplaces** refers to large, open-air areas where people buy and sell goods. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of area, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the town squares” or “the parks”
6:56 y6hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns παρεκάλουν & ἅψωνται 1 The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they might touch** refers to **the ones being sick**. The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they were begging** could refer to: (1) **the ones being sick**. Alternate translation: “these sick people were begging … they might touch” (2) the people who were **placing the ones being sick in the marketplaces**. Alternate translation: “the people who placed the sick people there were begging … the sick people might touch”
6:56 k4tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτὸν ἵνα κἂν τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ ἅψωνται; καὶ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “him, ‘Please let us even touch the edge of your garment.’ And”
6:56 gsdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κἂν & ἅψωνται 1 Here, the word **even** indicates that these people think that, to be healed, they do not need to do anything more than touch Jesus’ garment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all they might do is touch” or “they could only touch”
6:56 zo6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ ἐσῴζοντο 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that was God or Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “God was healing as many as touched it” or “Jesus was healing as many as touched it”
6:56 cir0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῦ 2 Here, the word translated **it** could: (1) refer to a thing, in this case **the edge** of Jesus’ garment. Alternate translation: “the edge of his garment” (2) refer to a person, in this case Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “him”
7:intro vq1j 0 # Mark 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:6–7, which are words quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Hand washing\n\nThe Pharisees washed many things that were not dirty, because they were trying to make God think that they were good. They washed their hands before they ate, even when their hands were not dirty. and even though the law of Moses did not say that they had to do it. Jesus told them that they were wrong and that people please God by trusting and obeying him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### “Ephphatha”\n\nThis is an Aramaic word. Mark wrote it the way it sounds using Greek letters and then explained what it means. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 18, 32, 34. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
7:1 b9ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων, ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων 1 This verse introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event.
7:2 wd6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo 0 # General Information:\n\nThe following verses explain the significance of this verse. Since it is explained in the following verses, you do not need to explain its meaning here.

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