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Tracy's edits to Deut - Ch 5 (#3241)
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3241
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tn_DEU.tsv
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tn_DEU.tsv
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@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:1 bg65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב 1 These are the names of places.
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1:1 mdz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בֵּֽין & וּבֵֽין 1 Here, the text repeats **between** to describe the relative positions of cities. If it is unnatural in your language to repeat a preposition, you could use a form that identifies an area between cities. Alternate translation: “between … and”
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1:2 xcp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחַ֨ד עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ 1 The implication is that the journey takes **11 days**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “It is a journey of 11 days”
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1:2 m2r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַר־שֵׂעִ֑יר 1 The term **Mount Seir** is the name of a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called Edom.
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1:3 xm9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיְהִי֙ 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Here is what happened:”
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1:3 pc9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “after 40 years, in month 11”
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1:3 zfn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **eleventh** month of the Hebrew calendar includes January on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar, and say in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.
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@ -13,15 +12,13 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:3 e9a7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
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1:4 xfh0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַכֹּת֗וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat Sihon and Og under Moses' leadership. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the Israelites to defeat”
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1:4 fivx rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַכֹּת֗וֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **he** refers back to Moses in verse 3. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Moses defeated”
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1:4 x2fp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סִיחֹן֙ & ע֚וֹג 1 The words **Sihon** and **Og** are the names of kings.
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1:4 mpn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן & בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The words **Heshbon**, **Ashtaroth**, and **Edrei** are the names of cities.
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1:4 mpn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The words **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** are the names of cities.
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1:4 e5t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The implication is that King Og ruled over both **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei**. **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** were cities that are close to each other. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in Ashtaroth and in Edrei”
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1:5 juo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
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1:5-6 t7y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר׃ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵ֖ינוּ בְּחֹרֵ֣ב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses began explaining the law. This is what Yahweh God said to his people at Horeb,”
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1:5 juo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations הוֹאִ֣יל מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. Alternate translation: “Moses began explaining this law”
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1:6 s8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive אֵלֵ֖ינוּ 1 Moses is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and every Israelite who was an adult when they were at Horeb, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “to me and to your ancestors”
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1:7 l6np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּנ֣וּ ׀ וּסְע֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם 1 Here, the word **Turn** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Start your journey”
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1:7 cqqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁכֵנָיו֒ 1 Here, **neighbors** refers to any people groups in the nearby areas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people groups near them”
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1:7 rbe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ֥ר הָֽאֱמֹרִי֮ וְאֶל־כָּל־שְׁכֵנָיו֒ בָּעֲרָבָ֥ה בָהָ֛ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֥ה וּבַנֶּ֖גֶב וּבְח֣וֹף הַיָּ֑ם אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַלְּבָנ֔וֹן עַד־הַנָּהָ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל נְהַר־פְּרָֽת 1 The words **Arabah**, **Negev**, and **Lebanon** are the names of places. Yahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites.
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1:8 bp4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֛ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say:”
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1:8 tgax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represent the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
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1:8 i61s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֥תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give the land before your faces” (2) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have already given the land before your faces”
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@ -66,7 +63,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:17 gn5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּקְרִב֥וּן 1 Moses is speaking of legal cases as if they were objects that the Israelites could physically **bring** to him. Moses means that the Israelites should let him decide the case. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall refer”
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1:17 spb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו 1 The implication is that Moses will not only **hear** the legal case, but also decide on a solution. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I shall hear it and decide.”
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1:19 s8zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א 1 The implication is that the wilderness causes terror because it is dangerous. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and unsafe”
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1:19 vjy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ 1 **Kadesh Barnea** is the name of a place.
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1:21 itcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְ֠אֵה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
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1:21 sel7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ & אֲבֹתֶ֨יךָ֙ לָ֔ךְ & אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָֽת 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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1:21 cl66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֖יךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
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@ -178,7 +174,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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2:5 h7uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֠י 1 Here, the word **for** introduces the reason why the Israelites **shall not fight** the descendants of Esau. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since”
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2:5 y52q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ בָ֔ם 1 Here, the form of **you shall not fight them** is not a command form, but Yahweh is using the phrase to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not fight them”
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2:5 e5j7 עַ֖ד מִדְרַ֣ךְ כַּף־רָ֑גֶל 1 Alternate translation: “even as little as the length of a footstep”
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2:5 m4jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְעֵשָׂ֔ו 1 Yahweh is using **Esau** to represent Esau and all of his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to Esau and his offspring”
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2:5 m4jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵשָׂ֔ו 1 Yahweh is using **Esau** to represent Esau and all of his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to Esau and his offspring”
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2:6 rd6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֹ֣כֶל תִּשְׁבְּר֧וּ מֵֽאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־מַ֜יִם תִּכְר֧וּ מֵאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּשְׁתִיתֶֽם 1 This verse contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the verse. Alternate translation: “You will buy food from them, and also, you will purchase water from them”
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2:7 eq6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason that the Israelites should obey the commands that came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Obey these commands because”
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2:7 st5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בֵּֽרַכְךָ֗ & יָדֶ֔ךָ & לֶכְתְּךָ֔ & אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א חָסַ֖רְתָּ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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@ -199,10 +195,10 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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2:9 i60c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵֽאַרְצוֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **its** refers to Moab. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the name of the land here. Alternate translation: “from the land of Moab”
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2:9 cs7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עָ֖ר 1 The word **Ar** is the name of a city in Moab.
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2:9 neab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִבְנֵי 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of”
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2:10-12 am7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 These verses provide background information about people groups who lived in the area that the Edomites and Moabites occupy. This information helps readers understand what happens next in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
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2:10 d4pi rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָאֵמִ֥ים 1 The word **Emite** is the name of a giant-like people group.
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2:11 zxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive רְפָאִ֛ים יֵחָשְׁב֥וּ אַף־הֵ֖ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People refer to them as Rephaim”
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2:11 eds2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִ֛ים & אֵמִֽים 1 The words **Rephaim** and **Emites** refer to the same giant-like people group.
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2:10-12 am7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 These verses provide background information about people groups who lived in the area that the Edomites and Moabites occupy. This information helps readers understand what happens next in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
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2:11 zxl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive רְפָאִ֛ים יֵחָשְׁב֥וּ אַף־הֵ֖ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People refer to them as Rephaites”
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2:11 eds2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִ֛ים & אֵמִֽים 1 The words **Rephaites** and **Emites** refer to the same people group.
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2:12 ye16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַחֹרִים֮ 1 The word **Horite** is the name of a people group.
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2:12 fxju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבְנֵ֧י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of”
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2:12 ikp0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּשְׁמִידוּם֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם 1 The pronouns **they** and **their** refer to the sons of Esau. The pronoun **them** refers to the Horites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the names of the people groups here. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Esau destroyed the Horites from their faces”
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@ -235,17 +231,17 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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2:19 spp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖ם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר בָּ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not trouble them and do not fight them”
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2:19 iice rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “I have given the land to the sons of Lot as a possession, so I will not give to you from it as a possession”
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2:19 ra5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 The expression to **give** someone's **land** as **a possession** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “I will not give to you from the land of the sons of Ammon, because I have given it to the sons of Lot”
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2:20-23 s8bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 These verses provide background information about people groups who lived in the area that the Ammonites, Edomites, and Caphtorim occupied. This information helps readers understand what happens next in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
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2:20 n15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶֽרֶץ־רְפָאִ֥ים תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב אַף־הִ֑וא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Also, people refer to it as a land of the Rephaim”
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2:20 p2rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִ֥ים & רְפָאִ֤ים & זַמְזֻמִּֽים 1 The words **Rephaim** and **Zamzummim** are names for the same people group. See how you translated **Rephaim** in [2:11](../02/11.md).
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2:21 sq14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּשְׁמִידֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּירָשֻׁ֖ם וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּֽם 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to the Rephaim. The pronoun **their** in the first clause refers to the Ammonites. The pronoun **their** in the second clause refers to the Rephaim. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the names of the people groups. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh destroyed the Rephaim before the Ammonites’ faces, and the Ammonites dispossessed the Rephaim and lived in their place”
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2:20 p2rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִ֥ים & רְפָאִ֤ים & זַמְזֻמִּֽים 1 The words **Rephaites** and **Zamzummites** are names for the same people group. See how you translated **Rephaites** in [2:11](../02/11.md).
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2:20-23 s8bn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 These verses provide background information about people groups who lived in the area that the Ammonites, Edomites, and Caphtorim occupied. This information helps readers understand what happens next in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
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2:21 sq14 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּשְׁמִידֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּירָשֻׁ֖ם וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּֽם 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to the Rephaites. The pronoun **their** in the first clause refers to the Ammonites. The pronoun **their** in the second clause refers to the Rephaites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the names of the people groups. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh destroyed the Rephaites before the Ammonites’ faces, and the Ammonites dispossessed the Rephaites and lived in their place”
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2:21 xz3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in their presence”
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2:22 ulcb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִבְנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the offspring of”
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2:22 y1ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַחֹרִי֙ 1 The word **Horites** is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](../02/12.md).
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2:22 yq6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽירָשֻׁם֙ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ תַחְתָּ֔ם 1 In the first clause, the pronoun **their** refers to the sons of Esau. In the second clause, **they** refers to the sons of Esau, while **them** and **their** refer to the Horites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat the names of the people groups. Alternate translation: “from before the sons of Esau's faces, and the sons of Esau dispossessed the Horites and have lived in their place”
|
||||
2:22 l5ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before them”
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2:23 i3fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants וְהָֽעַוִּ֛ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בַּחֲצֵרִ֖ים עַד־עַזָּ֑ה כַּפְתֹּרִים֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִכַּפְתּ֔וֹר 1 Here, the author introduces **the Avvites** and then describes what happened to them. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “As for the Avvites who lived in villages as far as Gaza, the Caphtorim, who came from Caphtor”
|
||||
2:23 c7kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְהָֽעַוִּ֛ים & כַּפְתֹּרִים֙ 1 The words **Avvites** and **Caphtorim** are the names of people groups.
|
||||
2:23 i3fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants וְהָֽעַוִּ֛ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בַּחֲצֵרִ֖ים עַד־עַזָּ֑ה כַּפְתֹּרִים֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִכַּפְתּ֔וֹר 1 Here, the author introduces **the Avvites** and then describes what happened to them. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “As for the Avvites who lived in villages as far as Gaza, the Caphtorites, who came from Caphtor”
|
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2:23 c7kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְהָֽעַוִּ֛ים & כַּפְתֹּרִים֙ 1 The words **Avvites** and **Caphtorites** are the names of people groups.
|
||||
2:23 wmz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִכַּפְתּ֔וֹר 1 The word **Caphtor** is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea.
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2:23 feg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִשְׁמִידֻ֖ם וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּֽם 1 Here, the pronouns **them** and **their** refer to the Avvites. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “destroyed the Avvites and lived in their place”
|
||||
2:24 mopq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ק֣וּמוּ סְּע֗וּ וְעִבְרוּ֮ & 1 Even though Yahweh is speaking to Moses, the forms of these commands are plural. Yahweh wants Moses to tell these commands to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could state the audience plainly. Alternate translation: “Tell the Israelites to rise up, journey, and pass through
|
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|
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@ -255,8 +251,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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2:24 hjpt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נָתַ֣תִּי 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have given” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give”\n
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2:24 g8xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you בְ֠יָדְךָ & הָחֵ֣ל רָ֑שׁ וְהִתְגָּ֥ר 1 Here, the singular pronoun **your** refers to Moses. The forms of the commands are also singular. Yahweh is speaking to Moses because Moses is the leader of the Israelites, but these phrases apply to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could (1) use plural forms of the pronoun. (2) state the audience plainly. See how you translated this in [verse 18](../02/18.md).
|
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2:24 j7cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ֠יָדְךָ 1 Here, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you power over”
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2:24 gvu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סִיחֹ֨ן 1 The word **Sihon** is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
2:24 q9kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֧וֹן 1 The word **Heshbon** is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [1:4](../01/04.md).
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2:24 d644 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַרְצ֖וֹ 1 Here, the possessive form describes the **land** that King Sihon rules over. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the land he rules over”
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2:24 k7py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בּ֖וֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **him** refers to Sihon and his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against him and his army”
|
||||
2:25 il8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ & שִׁמְעֲךָ֔ 1 Although Yahweh is speaking about all of the Israelites, Yahweh uses the singular pronouns **you** and **your**. This is because Yahweh is speaking directly to Moses who acts as a representative for the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “the fear of the Israelites and the terror of the Israelites … a report of the Israelites”
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|
@ -270,8 +264,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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2:25 j2yu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפָּנֶֽיךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person and **from** means “because of”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of you” //should I split this note into two? might be more confusing that way
|
||||
2:26 d2n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח 1 Here, the pronoun **I** refers to Moses. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “And I, Moses, sent”
|
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2:26 p6fj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר קְדֵמ֔וֹת 1 The term **wilderness of Kedemoth** is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon.
|
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2:26 t59e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סִיח֖וֹן 1 The word **Sihon** is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
|
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2:26 ujx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 The word **Heshbon** is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
2:26 efk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דִּבְרֵ֥י שָׁל֖וֹם 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe how his message to Sihon contains **words** that are characterized by **peace**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “with a peaceful message”
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2:26 bbuw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דִּבְרֵ֥י שָׁל֖וֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “communicating peaceably”
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2:26 gnsw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
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@ -288,8 +280,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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2:29 tlpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לִ֜י & אֶֽעֱבֹר֙ 1 Here, the singular pronouns **me** and **I** refer to Moses. Yahweh is speaking to Moses because Moses is the leader of the Israelites, but these phrases apply to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “for us … we pass over”
|
||||
2:29 k54p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of”
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2:29 nj8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּעָ֑ר 1 The word **Ar** is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md).
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2:30 iv42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סִיחֹן֙ 1 The word **Sihon** is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
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2:30 pe7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 The word **Heshbon** is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
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2:30 n8cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ & בְיָדְךָ֖ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **your** is singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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2:30 fad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הִקְשָׁה֩ & אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ & וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “had hardened his spirit, indeed, he strengthened his heart”
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2:30 scq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הִקְשָׁה֩ & אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ & וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ 1 Here, **hardened his spirit** and **strengthened his heart** are idioms that mean “caused him to be stubborn.” If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “had caused him to be stiff-necked and caused him to be as stubborn as a mule” or “had caused him to be stubborn and caused him to be obstinate”
|
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@ -302,7 +292,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
2:31 mn2v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַרְצ֑וֹ & אַרְצֽוֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **his** refers to King Sihon. Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe the **land** that King Sihon rules over. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the land that he rules over … the land that he rules over”
|
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2:31 wz3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication הָחֵ֣ל רָ֔שׁ לָרֶ֖שֶׁת 1 The words **possess, to possess** translate a verb that is repeated for emphasis. Yahweh wants the Israelites to fully possess the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternate translation: “Begin to fully possess”
|
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2:32 tf3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיֵּצֵא֩ סִיחֹ֨ן לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ 1 The implication is that **Sihon came out** of his main city, Heshbon and went to Jahaz to fight against the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Sihon came out from Heshbon to attack us”
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||||
2:32 e5dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סִיחֹ֨ן 1 The word **Sihon** is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
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2:32 ampg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ 1 By **us**, Moses means himself and the Israelite men old enough to fight but not the rest of the Israelites, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
2:32 fczt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַמּ֛וֹ 1 Here, **people** refers to the fighting men whom Sihon led. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “his fighting men”
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2:32 k97a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יָֽהְצָה 1 The word **Jahaz** is the name of a city in Moab.
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@ -312,8 +301,6 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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2:33 k449 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants בנו 1 Many ancient manuscripts read “son.” The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read the plural “sons.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
|
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2:33 mn5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בנו 1 The implication is that the Israelites killed Sihon’s heir, **his son**, so that Sihon would not have descendants that would try to take the land back from the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “his heir” //if "struck down" means defeat, then this note is probably not needed? do you think this note is maybe too interpretive?
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||||
2:33 gvqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַמּֽוֹ 1 Here, **people** refers to the fighting men whom Sihon led. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable phrase to describe the relationship between Sihon and the **people**. Alternate translation: “the fighting men under his control”
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||||
2:34 px1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽנַּחֲרֵם֙ 1 //I feel like cherem needs a TW
|
||||
32:35 wtvb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 1
|
||||
2:36 i479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מֵֽעֲרֹעֵ֡ר 1 The word **Aroer** is the name of a city to the north of the Arnon River.
|
||||
2:36 fhuh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׂפַת 1 Here, **lip** is means “edge.” In this case, **lip** specifically refers to the bank of a dry riverbed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the edge of”
|
||||
2:36 pd7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֨חַל אַרְנֹ֜ן 1 The term **Valley of Arnon** is the name of a place. The word **Arnon** is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
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||||
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@ -340,20 +327,15 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:2 dgpy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “this is because”
|
||||
3:2 tvji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְיָדְךָ֞ 1 Here, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “under your control”
|
||||
3:2 w9tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נָתַ֧תִּי 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have already given” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give”
|
||||
3:2 a3g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְסִיחֹן֙ 1 The word **Sihon** is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:2 dc9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּחֶשְׁבּֽוֹן 1 The word **Heshbon** is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:3 sk1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ע֥וֹג 1 The word **Og** is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:3 n4lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָדֵ֗נוּ 1 \r\n\r\nHere, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into your control”
|
||||
3:3 maii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַנַּכֵּ֕הוּ 1 Here, **struck down** means “defeated in battle.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And we defeated him”
|
||||
3:3 rm5e not one of his people remained 0 This is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. Alternate translation: “all of his people were dead”
|
||||
3:4 nwb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א הָֽיְתָה֙ קִרְיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־לָקַ֖חְנוּ מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים עִיר֙ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the repeated negative particle **not**. Alternate translation: “We took from them every city of 60 cities”
|
||||
3:4 x9q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב 1 The word **Argob** is the name of a **region** within the country Bashan.
|
||||
3:4 z31z rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ע֖וֹג 1 The word **Og** is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:5 p7qc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָרִ֧ים בְּצֻר֛וֹת 1 The implication is that these **cities** were fortified, so they were hard to access. The walls, gates, and bars protected the city from attack. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “cities fortified”
|
||||
3:5 qup3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys דְּלָתַ֣יִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **bars** tells what the **gates** were like. The cities had gates with metal bars across them to keep enemies from coming in the cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “barred gates”
|
||||
3:5 v9nt besides very many 0 Alternate translation: “in addition to very many” or “not including very many”
|
||||
3:6 mm89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְסִיחֹ֖ן 1 The word **Sihon** is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:6 kqel rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אוֹתָ֔ם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the cities and towns that King Og ruled over. If this is not clear for your readers, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “the cities”
|
||||
3:6 zx6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 The word **Heshbon** is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:6 vk9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־עִ֣יר 1 Here, **city** represents the people living inside the cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the people in every city”
|
||||
3:8 w2ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִיַּ֗ד 1 \r\n\r\nHere, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “away from the control of”
|
||||
3:8 a9ko rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁנֵי֙ 1 Alternate translation: “the 2”
|
||||
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@ -366,9 +348,8 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:10 gk8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמִּישֹׁ֗ר 1 The **plain** is an area of high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the highland”
|
||||
3:10 x89s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֗ר 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **cities** that are located on **the plain**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could describe the location in a comparable way. Alternate translation: “the cities located on the plain”
|
||||
3:10 g7ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סַלְכָ֖ה וְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי 1 The words **Salekah** and **Edrei** are names of cities. See how you translated **Edrei** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:10 l1kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ע֖וֹג 1 The word **Og** is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:11 nd7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background כִּ֣י רַק־ע֞וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֗ן נִשְׁאַר֮ מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָרְפָאִים֒ הִנֵּ֤ה עַרְשׂוֹ֙ עֶ֣רֶשׂ בַּרְזֶ֔ל הֲלֹ֣ה הִ֔וא בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן תֵּ֧שַׁע אַמּ֣וֹת אָרְכָּ֗הּ וְאַרְבַּ֥ע אַמּ֛וֹת רָחְבָּ֖הּ בְּאַמַּת־אִֽישׁ 1 \r\n\r\nThis verse provides background information about King Og. This information helps readers understand what happened in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
|
||||
3:11 mdg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָרְפָאִים֒ 1 The word **Rephaim** is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [2:11](../02/11.md).
|
||||
3:11 mdg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָרְפָאִים֒ 1 The word **Rephaites** is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [2:11](../02/11.md).
|
||||
3:11 i4qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִנֵּ֤ה 1 The author is using the term **behold** to focus attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Note that”
|
||||
3:11 ug2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַרְשׂוֹ֙ עֶ֣רֶשׂ 1 Here, the word **couch** refers to furniture that one can lay down on. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “his bedstead was a bedstead of”
|
||||
3:11 ev4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲלֹ֣ה הִ֔וא בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן 1 The writer uses a question to remind the Israelites that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is in Rabbah, of the sons of Ammon.”
|
||||
|
|
@ -380,10 +361,9 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:12 h352 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֗ן 1 The term **Valley of Arnon** is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [2:24](../02/24.md).
|
||||
3:12 j8cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְעָרָ֔יו 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **cities** that are located in the hill country of Gilead. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression for describing location. Alternate translation: “and the cities in that region”
|
||||
3:13 u0qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְיֶ֨תֶר הַגִּלְעָ֤ד וְכָל־הַבָּשָׁן֙ מַמְלֶ֣כֶת ע֔וֹג 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe a **kingdom** that **Og** rules over. The kingdom includes parts of **Gilead and all Bashan**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression for describing a kingdom. Alternate translation: “And the rest of Gilead and all Bashan, which Og ruled, ”
|
||||
3:13 lz62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ע֔וֹג 1 The word **Og** is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:13-14 xzf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background כֹּ֣ל חֶ֤בֶל הָֽאַרְגֹּב֙ לְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֔ן הַה֥וּא יִקָּרֵ֖א אֶ֥רֶץ רְפָאִֽים׃ יָאִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לָקַח֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב עַד־גְּב֥וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְהַמַּֽעֲכָתִ֑י וַיִּקְרָא֩ אֹתָ֨ם עַל־שְׁמ֤וֹ אֶת־הַבָּשָׁן֙ חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֔יר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ 1 These verses provide background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. This information helps readers understand what happened in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
|
||||
3:13 pt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הָֽאַרְגֹּב֙ 1 The word **Argob** is the name of a region in Bashan. See how you translated this in [verse 4](../03/04.md).
|
||||
3:13 g27b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִֽים 1 The word **Rephaim** is the name of a people group. See how you translated it in [2:11](../02/11.md).
|
||||
3:13 g27b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִֽים 1 The word **Rephaites** is the name of a people group. See how you translated it in [2:11](../02/11.md).
|
||||
3:13-14 xzf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background כֹּ֣ל חֶ֤בֶל הָֽאַרְגֹּב֙ לְכָל־הַבָּשָׁ֔ן הַה֥וּא יִקָּרֵ֖א אֶ֥רֶץ רְפָאִֽים׃ יָאִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לָקַח֙ אֶת־כָּל־חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב עַד־גְּב֥וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְהַמַּֽעֲכָתִ֑י וַיִּקְרָא֩ אֹתָ֨ם עַל־שְׁמ֤וֹ אֶת־הַבָּשָׁן֙ חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֔יר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ 1 These verses provide background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. This information helps readers understand what happened in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
|
||||
3:14 aa4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יָאִ֣יר 1 The word **Jair** is the name of a man.
|
||||
3:14 x9m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בֶּן 1 Here, **son** means “descendant.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a descendant of”
|
||||
3:14 uz9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַד־גְּב֥וּל 1 The implication is that **the border of** the Geshurites and the Maacathites** is north of the region of Argob. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “northward to the border of”
|
||||
|
|
@ -392,6 +372,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:15 x1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּלְמָכִ֖יר 1 The word **Machir** is the name of a man. Machir was the son of Manasseh.
|
||||
3:15 nnzh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְמָכִ֖יר 1 He had died before Moses gave this land. The name is a metonym for the descendants of the person. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Machir”
|
||||
3:15 fik9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns נָתַ֥תִּי 1 Here the pronoun **I** refers to Moses. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “I, Moses, gave”
|
||||
3:15 hyk9 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
|
||||
3:16 n3af rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֔ן 1 The term **Valley of Arnon** is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [2:24](../02/24.md).
|
||||
3:16 x4dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִן־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַד־נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֔ן 1 The implication is that **the Valley of Arnon** is the southern border of **Gilead**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “text”\n
|
||||
3:16 ni9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יַבֹּ֣ק הַנַּ֔חַל 1 The term **Jabbok River** is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [2:37](../02/37.md).
|
||||
|
|
@ -417,6 +398,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:20 b0ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֚ישׁ 1 The word **man** represents every fighting man from the three tribes in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “every fighting man”
|
||||
3:20 ac2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 The implication is that the land **across the Jordan** is on the west. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “west of the Jordan River”
|
||||
3:20 xkx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִֽירֻשָּׁת֔וֹ 1 The implication is that the **inheritance** is the land that Moses allotted to each family. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to his land”
|
||||
3:20 s3hn then will you return Moses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. “only then are you to return.”
|
||||
3:21 s2lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עֵינֶ֣יךָ & אַתָּ֖ה 1 The words **you** and **your** are singular here because they refer to Joshua.
|
||||
3:21 xd1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵינֶ֣יךָ 1 Here, **eyes** represent the whole person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You yourself”
|
||||
3:21 p9pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִשְׁנֵי֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 Here, the term **these two kings** refers to King Sihon and King Og, whom the Israelites defeated. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to these two kings, Sihon and Og”
|
||||
|
|
@ -473,9 +455,9 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
4:6 ij0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשְׁמְע֗וּן 1 Here, the word **hear** means “learn about.” Moses speaks as if hearing reports about Yahweh’s law were physically hearing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will hear about”
|
||||
4:6 dkil rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וְאָמְר֗וּ 1 Here, the word **say** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
|
||||
4:6 sr33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַם־חָכָ֣ם וְנָב֔וֹן הַגּ֥וֹי הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּֽה 1 Here, **nation** represents the people of that nation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of this great nation are wise and understanding”
|
||||
4:7-8 m62n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Moses is using the question form to emphasize how great Yahweh is compared to the idols that other nations follow. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation that has a god near to it as Yahweh our God is whenever we call on him. And, there is no other great nation that has statues and ordinances righteous as all this law that I am giving before your faces today.”
|
||||
4:7 thf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before.
|
||||
4:7 hx9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s protection and guidance as if Yahweh could physically come **near** to the Israelites. See book introduction for more information about Yahweh’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who protects it”
|
||||
4:7-8 m62n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Moses is using the question form to emphasize how great Yahweh is compared to the idols that other nations follow. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation that has a god near to it as Yahweh our God is whenever we call on him. And, there is no other great nation that has statues and ordinances righteous as all this law that I am giving before your faces today.”
|
||||
4:8 g3lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “important rules”
|
||||
4:8 po9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֹתֵ֥ן 1 Here Moses is speaking of reading the law as if he was physically **giving** it to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “am repeating”
|
||||
4:8 odq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,7 +488,10 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
4:15 miaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם בְּחֹרֵ֖ב מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md) when Yahweh spoke from Mount Sinai from a fire. The Israelite people were afraid of Yahweh and stood far away.
|
||||
4:16 f5bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּ֨ן 1 Moses is using the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case”
|
||||
4:16 ouuk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּשְׁחִת֔וּן 1 Here, the term **act corruptly** means to sin or do wrong. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you sin”
|
||||
4:16 n63q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּבְנִ֥ית 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like a”
|
||||
4:16 r6fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish זָכָ֖ר א֥וֹ נְקֵבָֽה 1 Here, **male or female** refers to human beings, not to animals. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “male person or female person”
|
||||
4:17 dsbm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּבְנִ֕ית & תַּבְנִית֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like … anything looking like”
|
||||
4:18 fgec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּבְנִ֕ית & תַּבְנִ֛ית 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like … anything looking like”
|
||||
4:18 xe6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רֹמֵ֖שׂ 1 A **creeping thing** is any creature that crawls on the ground. This could include reptiles and insects. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “reptile”
|
||||
4:19 hips rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo וּפֶן 1 Moses uses the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “and in case”
|
||||
4:19 a5bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ & וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ & וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ & וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם & אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
|
|
@ -635,12 +620,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
4:45 yxek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים 1 The terms **testimonies**, **statutes**, and **judgments** mean similar things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general term to represent all three words. ?See chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “are the laws”
|
||||
4:45 sntd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
|
||||
4:45 qrkq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם 1 Moses first told the Israelites the law in [Exodus 20-24](Exo/20/01.md) on Mount Sinai, after the Israelites left Egypt. Moses is repeating that same law in his speech here. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “after they came out from Egypt, Moses told the Israelites the law at Mount Sinai, and now he is repeating that law”
|
||||
4:46-49 k6c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The writer is repeating the events that Moses summarized in his first speech from [2:26-3:10](../02/26.md). These events occurred in [Numbers 21:21-35](Num/21/21.md). This information helps the readers understand where the Israelites were camping when Moses is telling them the law. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
|
||||
4:46 blvj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן 1 As Moses is repeating the law to the Israelites, they are camping on the east of the Jordan River. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when the Israelites are camping east of the Jordan”
|
||||
4:46 zf9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣ית פְּע֔וֹר 1 The term **Beth Peor** is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [3:29](../03/29.md).
|
||||
4:46 c8za rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 The word **Heshbon** is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
4:46 rpq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
|
||||
4:46 t7op rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם 1 The events discussed in this verse occur after the Israelites **came out from Egypt** and after Moses told the Israelites the law the first time. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “after they came out from Egypt”
|
||||
4:46-49 k6c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background 0 The writer is repeating the events that Moses summarized in his first speech from [2:26-3:10](../02/26.md). These events occurred in [Numbers 21:21-35](Num/21/21.md). This information helps the readers understand where the Israelites were camping when Moses is telling them the law. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
|
||||
4:47 ya36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַרְצ֜וֹ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to King Sihon. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “King Sihon’s land”
|
||||
4:47 aquw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers שְׁנֵי֙ 1 Alternate translation: “2”
|
||||
4:47 t6wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִזְרַ֖ח שָֽׁמֶשׁ 1 Here, **the rising of the sun** is an idiom that means “east.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “towards the east”
|
||||
|
|
@ -650,64 +635,108 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
4:48 vyn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names שִׂיאֹ֖ן & חֶרְמֽוֹן 1 The words **Sion** and **Hermon** are different names for the same mountain. The word **Sion** is another spelling of “Sirion” ([3:9](../03/09.md)). You could keep the same spelling for both occurrences if it would be clearer for your readers. For **Hermon**, see how you translated it in [3:8](../03/08.md).
|
||||
4:49 l26x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת 1 The phrase **under the slopes of** means “at the base of” when referring to a mountain. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [3:17](../03/17.md).
|
||||
4:49 x6zf הַפִּסְגָּֽה 1 The word **Pisgah** is the name of a mountain. See how you translated it in [3:17](../03/17.md).
|
||||
5:intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7–21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Ten commandments\n\nThis chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors and idioms\n\nMoses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
5:1 d5qb 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
|
||||
5:1 vj47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole called to all Israel 0 Here “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him.
|
||||
5:1 rwb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche that I will speak in your ears today 0 Here “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
5:3 hf3s Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors 0 This could mean: (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.
|
||||
5:4 ijj6 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
|
||||
5:4 h6t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom face to face 0 Use your language’s idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other.
|
||||
5:4 n291 on the mount 0 Alternate translation: “on the mountain”
|
||||
5:5 b7in at that time 0 Moses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier.
|
||||
5:6 fbu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of the house of slavery 0 Here the metonym “house of slavery” refers to Egypt where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves”
|
||||
5:7 f42x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues reminding the people what Yahweh has commanded them. The phrases “you will” and “you will not” are commands. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person.
|
||||
5:7 pa85 You will have no other gods before me 0 Alternate translation: “You must not worship any other gods but me”
|
||||
5:8 bs7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below 0 This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth”
|
||||
5:9 a6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
|
||||
5:9 sxf4 You will not bow down to them or serve them 0 Alternate translation: “You will not worship the carved figures or do as they command”
|
||||
5:9 q9rc You will not 0 Alternate translation: “Never”
|
||||
5:9 qi9s I … am a jealous God 0 Alternate translation: “I … want you to worship only me”
|
||||
5:10 zxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands, those who love me” or “being faithful to the covenant with thousands, with those who love me”
|
||||
5:10 gvi1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to thousands, to those who love me 0 Some translations read “to a thousand generations of those who love me.” The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever, to those who love me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
5:11 kd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
|
||||
5:11 nj56 You will not take the name of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “You will not use the name of Yahweh”
|
||||
5:11 jap9 You will not 0 See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
|
||||
5:11 fv41 in vain 0 Alternate translation: “carelessly” or “without proper respect” or “for wrong purposes”
|
||||
5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives Yahweh will not hold him guiltless 0 This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will consider him guilty” or “Yahweh will punish him”
|
||||
5:12 vbs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
|
||||
5:12 ybn9 to keep it holy 0 Alternate translation: “to dedicate it to God”
|
||||
5:13 p3yg do all your work 0 Alternate translation: “do all your usual duties”
|
||||
5:14 cx31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal seventh day 0 Alternate translation: “day 7.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven.
|
||||
5:14 kbw8 On it you will not do 0 Alternate translation: “On that day never do”
|
||||
5:14 c3x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within your gates 0 Here “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” or “living with you”
|
||||
5:15 x69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
|
||||
5:15 p52p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom You will call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember”
|
||||
5:15 ls4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm 0 Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power”
|
||||
5:16 g54g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
|
||||
5:17 x2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
|
||||
5:17 u97m You will not 0 See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
|
||||
5:18 lke6 You will not commit adultery 0 Alternate translation: “You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse”
|
||||
5:20 vp3r You will not give false witness against your neighbor 0 Alternate translation: “You will not tell lies about someone”
|
||||
5:21 msw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular.
|
||||
5:21 sqc4 You will not 0 See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
|
||||
5:22 c5s9 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said.
|
||||
5:23 vkg3 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past.
|
||||
5:23 ar5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche heard the voice 0 The word “voice” is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. Alternate translation: “heard the sound of the voice” or “heard Yahweh speaking”
|
||||
5:25 k97b 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to remind the Israelites what the Israelites had said to Moses.
|
||||
5:25 zra9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But why should we die? 0 They were afraid that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that we will die.”
|
||||
5:26 qk3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For who besides us is there … have done? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are no other people besides us … have done.”
|
||||
5:26 sdf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all flesh 0 This represents all people or living things. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living beings”
|
||||
5:28 j5bk when you spoke to me 0 Here “me” refers to Moses.
|
||||
5:29 m98l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Oh, that there were 0 If your language has an idiom that expresses a strong desire for something, you might want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I would be very happy if there were”
|
||||
5:31 bn9j 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
5:31 u4lk you will teach them 0 Alternate translation: “you will teach the people of Israel”
|
||||
5:32 kyg9 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
|
||||
5:32 weq5 You will keep 0 Moses is giving a command to the people of Israel.
|
||||
5:32 w87i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left 0 This compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. Alternate translation: “you will not disobey him in any way” or “you will do everything he says”
|
||||
5:intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 5 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv.1-4: Moses reminds the Israelites that Yahweh made a covenant with them on Mount Sina\n- vv. 5-21: Moses repeats the Ten Commandments\n- vv. 22-33: Moses reminds the Israelites that he spoke to Yahweh on their behalf because they feared Yahweh\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each of the commandments in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7–21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Ten commandments\n\nThis chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.\n\n## Other translation issues\n\n### Metaphors and idioms\n\nMoses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n\n\n### Second person pronouns\n\nWhen Moses speaks to the Israelites, he uses the second person plural “you.” When Yahweh tells his law to Moses, he uses the second person singular “you,” because Yahweh is directly addressing Moses. The law is for all of the Israelites, so if it would be helpful for your readers, you could use the plural forms of the pronoun in the law.\n\n\n### You Shall\nIn the Ten Commandments, Yahweh uses the form “you shall” to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
|
||||
5:1 zd9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּקְרָ֣א מֹשֶׁה֮ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ 1 Here the word **called** means “summoned.” The writer is speaking as if calling someone is the same as summoning them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then Moses commanded all Israel to come”
|
||||
5:1 kvw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ & יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Here **Israel** refers to all the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “the Israelites … Israelites”
|
||||
5:1 d5qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 Here, the phrase **and said** introduces direct speech. Moses is beginning his second speech to the Israelites. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
5:1 w7kq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הַחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the important statutes”
|
||||
5:1 rwb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּאָזְנֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Moses is using **ears** to represent all of a person in the act of hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to you yourselves”
|
||||
5:2 gqfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת עִמָּ֛נוּ בְּרִ֖ית בְּחֹרֵֽב 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19-24](Exo/19/01.md), when Moses told the Israelites what Yahweh had commanded them, and the Israelites agreed to obey. In return, Yahweh would have a special relationship with the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers.
|
||||
5:2 lhkx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּרַ֥ת עִמָּ֛נוּ בְּרִ֖ית 1 To **cut a covenant** means to make a covenant. The phrase refers to ancient rituals around making covenants, which is illustrated in [Genesis 15](Gen/15/01.md). See the imagery and how you translated there. Alternate translation: “made a covenant with us”
|
||||
5:3 so4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֹ֣א אֶת־אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את 1 Moses means that the covenant was not only for the ancestors of the Israelites. He does not mean that their ancestors did not make a covenant with Yahweh. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh cut this covenant not only with our fathers”
|
||||
5:3 hf3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ 1 Here **fathers** could mean: (1) the parents of the living Israelites who made a covenant with Yahweh at Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “with our parents” (2) the ancestors of the Israelites such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob who made a covenant with Yahweh. Alternate translation: “with our forefathers”
|
||||
5:3 g39m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **but** marks a strong contrast with the previous clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “but in fact”
|
||||
5:3 thc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֲנַ֨חְנוּ אֵ֥לֶּה פֹ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם כֻּלָּ֥נוּ חַיִּֽים 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “those of us here today, indeed, all who are living”
|
||||
5:4 n291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה עִמָּכֶ֛ם בָּהָ֖ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md) when Yahweh spoke from Mount Sinai from a fire. The Israelite people were afraid of Yahweh and stood far away.
|
||||
5:4 h6t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים 1 Here, **face** represents someone’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your presence”
|
||||
5:4 qpnd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים 1 This does not mean that the Israelites and their ancestors physically saw the **face** of Yahweh. [4:15](../04/15.md) states that the Israelites only heard Yahweh’s voice but did not see him. Moses means that the Israelites physically and personally heard the voice of Yahweh’s voice. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “personally”
|
||||
5:5 b7in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בֵּין & וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, the text repeats between to describe how Moses spoke to Yahweh on behalf of the Israelites while they stood far away. If it is unnatural in your language to repeat a preposition, you could use a form that identifies physical distance between people. Alternate translation: “between … and you”
|
||||
5:5 n0gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהַגִּ֥יד 1 Here, the word **to** marks revealing the word of Yahweh as the goal or purpose of Moses standing between Yahweh and the Israelites. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
|
||||
5:5 c0kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְּבַ֣ר 1 Here, **word** represents everything that Yahweh said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh told me to tell you”
|
||||
5:5 ia47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
|
||||
5:5 l82u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of the presence of”
|
||||
5:5 fihv rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
5:6 nwcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit 0 In this verse, Yahweh is referring to the events of [Exodus 1-14](Exo/01/01.md) when Yahweh did amazing things so that the Israelites could leave Egypt.
|
||||
5:6 dav1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ & הוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ 1 Yahweh is speaking directly to Moses, so the pronouns **you** and **your** are singular in this verse and in the rest of Yahweh’s speech. See chapter introduction for more information.
|
||||
5:6 fbu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים 1 Yahweh speaks of Egypt as if it were a **house** where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](Exo/13/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves”
|
||||
5:6 fpyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲבָדִֽים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you can express the idea behind **slavery** in another way. Alternative translation: “forced labor”
|
||||
5:7 pa85 0 Alternate translation: “You must not worship any other gods besides me”
|
||||
5:7 f42x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ 1 Yahweh is using the form **shall** to give an instruction or command here and in the rest of the Ten Commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. See Chapter Introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “Do not have”
|
||||
5:7 y3yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פָּנָֽיַ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “besides me”
|
||||
5:8 nzor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה 1 \nIf your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like something”
|
||||
5:8 bs7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּמַּ֖יִם מִתַּ֥חַת לָאָֽרֶץ 1 \n\nThis list refers to anything in the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is in the universe”
|
||||
5:9 sxf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָהֶ֖ם 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to carved figures or idols.
|
||||
5:9 a6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֺ֨ן 1 The implication is that Yahweh will visit, or **extend** the punishment for **iniquity** of one generation onto future generations. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I punish the iniquity of”
|
||||
5:9 qj4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָב֧וֹת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים 1 Although the terms **fathers** and **sons** are masculine, Yahweh is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “parents on the children”
|
||||
5:9 fsfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis עַל־בָּנִ֛ים וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. **Generation** is implied by **sons**, therefore **third** and *fourth** refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the sons down to the third and fourth generations”
|
||||
5:9 d9fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים 1 \n\nIf your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “and on generations 3 and 4 of”
|
||||
5:10 zxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְעֹ֥שֶׂה חֶ֖סֶד לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “But I faithfully love thousands, those who love me”
|
||||
5:10 rq8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. “Generations” is implied by the previous verse. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to a thousand generations”
|
||||
5:10 xq3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים 1 \r\n\r\nHere, **thousands** could mean: (1) “forever,” that is, “to all descendants forever.” Alternate translation: “for every generation (2) a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to innumerable people who love me”
|
||||
5:11 kd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א & אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א 1 Here **lift up** means “use” or “say.” This includes invoking Yahweh’s name, making a claim to him, attempting to manipulate him, or misrepresenting him. A broad word should be used in translation of this term. Alternate translation: “Do not use … he who uses”
|
||||
5:11 uv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַשָּׁ֑וְא & לַשָּֽׁוְא 1 Here **with emptiness** means “carelessly” or “without proper respect.” Yahweh is speaking of his name as if it were a physical object that could be emptied of substance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “carelessly”
|
||||
5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative **unpunished**. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will certainly consider guilty”
|
||||
5:13 p3yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ 1 The implication is that the Israelites do **work** for six days, including any responsibilities, jobs, or duties that are required in daily life. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your occupation” or “your livelihood”
|
||||
5:14 cx31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “but day seven” or “but day 7”
|
||||
5:14 po5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community” or “is inside your city”
|
||||
5:15 x69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְזָכַרְתָּ֗ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And remember”
|
||||
5:15 ls4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 The terms **mighty hand** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “and by very great power”
|
||||
5:15 n9t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה 1 Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by mighty power”
|
||||
5:15 knso rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power. Moses speaks of stretching out an **arm** as if it was using power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by great strength”
|
||||
5:15 fpf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֗ן 1 The words translated as **Therefore** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “This is why”
|
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5:16 g54g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal כַּבֵּ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ֙ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ וּלְמַ֨עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ 1 Here, **so that** marks **you may prolong your days** and **it may go well with you** as the goal or purpose of **Honor your father and your mother**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
|
||||
5:16 hu7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ 1 If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong the days** when they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it was a physical substance that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “you will live for many generations”
|
||||
5:17 x2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֹ֖א תִּרְצָֽח 1 Here **murder** does not mean “any kind of killing” which would imply that killing in war, accidental killing, and execution was also sinful. If your language does not distinguish between different types of killing, you could use a descriptive word to make this distinction clear. Alternate translation: “Do not murder deliberately”
|
||||
5:18 lke6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֖א תִּנְאָֽף 1 Alternate translation: “And do not have sexual relations with anyone other than your spouse”
|
||||
5:20 vp3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא 1 The implication is that the **testimony** would be given in court or before a judge. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And do not lie in court”
|
||||
5:20 p6zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against your fellow Israelite”
|
||||
5:21 msw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד & וְלֹ֨א תִתְאַוֶּ֜ה 1 Here, **desire** and **covet** mean “strongly desire what someone else owns.” The words translated as **desire** and **covet** have similar meanings. You could translate these words with the same term if your language does not have multiple ways of expressing this idea. Alternate translation: “Do not strongly want to have … and do not want to take”
|
||||
5:21 a80l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵעֶ֑ךָ & רֵעֶ֗ךָ & לְרֵעֶֽךָ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelite … your fellow Israelite … is of your fellow Israelite”
|
||||
5:21 sqc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ 1 Here, Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **anything** that is a material possession that belongs to **your neighbor**. If it would be helpful for your readers, use an expression that the possessions that someone owns. Alternate translation: “and any possession that belongs to your neighbor”
|
||||
5:22 c5s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל 1 The implication is that the voice of Yahweh was very loud. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “loudly”
|
||||
5:22 yl0m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns קְהַלְכֶ֜ם 1 The pronoun **your** refers to all the Israelites who were present at Mount Sinai when Yahweh gave the law to Moses. If this is not clear for your readers, you could clarify who **your** refers to. Alternate translation: “the assembly of Israelites”
|
||||
5:23 vkg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיְהִ֗י 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “This is what happened next:”
|
||||
5:23 ar5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַקּוֹל֙ 1 Here, **voice** represents the sound of someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sound of Yahweh speaking”
|
||||
5:23 zwfr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן 1 By **you**, Moses means the leaders of the Israelites but not all of the Israelites, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
5:23 y5zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רָאשֵׁ֥י 1 Here **heads** means “leaders.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leaders of”
|
||||
5:23 p4d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet רָאשֵׁ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְזִקְנֵיכֶֽם 1 The terms **the heads of your tribes** and **your elders** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your leaders”
|
||||
5:24 k558 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ 1 Here, the word **said** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
5:24 grlj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הֵ֣ן 1 The Israelite leaders are using the term **behold** to focus Moses’ attention on what they are about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what we have to say:”
|
||||
5:24 z2gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קֹל֥וֹ 1 Here, **voice** represents the sound of someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sound of Yahweh speaking”
|
||||
5:24 gzgc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations הָֽאָדָ֖ם 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, the Israelite leaders are using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humankind”
|
||||
5:25 zra9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְעַתָּה֙ לָ֣מָּה נָמ֔וּת 1 The Israelite leaders are using the question form to express their fears that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And we do not want to die.”
|
||||
5:25 ty2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical כִּ֣י תֹֽאכְלֵ֔נוּ הָאֵ֥שׁ הַגְּדֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את אִם־יֹסְפִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ לִ֠שְׁמֹעַ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ ע֖וֹד וָמָֽתְנוּ 1 The Israelite leaders are suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that they will only **die** if they **continue to hear the voice of Yahweh**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that this might happen: this great fire might consume us if we continue anymore to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, and we could die”
|
||||
5:26 qk3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי 1 The Israelite leaders are using the question form to explain why they are very afraid. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No flesh has heard the voice of the living God speak from the midst of the fire like us and has lived.”
|
||||
5:26 z4hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי 1 This verse does not contradict [verse 24](../05/24.md). The Israelite leaders mean that, while they have heard God speak and have lived, it is a rare occurrence that they do not believe will happen again. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation.
|
||||
5:26 sdf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בָּשָׂ֡ר 1 The Israelite leaders are using **flesh** to represent humans. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “humankind”\n
|
||||
5:26 tp48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קוֹל֩ 1 Here, **voice** represents the sound of someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sound of the words of”
|
||||
5:26 pj1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים 1 The implication is that only Yahweh is a **living God** and can cause people to die, in contrast with idols who are not living and cannot cause real harm to people. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the only living God”
|
||||
5:27 a934 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֵ֗ינוּ 1 The implication is that the Israelite leaders want Moses to go up Mount Sinai to speak with Yahweh on their behalf, then come back down to their camp to tell the Israelites what Yahweh said. This way, the Israelites do not have to listen to Yahweh speak. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “come back down the mountain to tell us”
|
||||
5:28 j5bk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ק֣וֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶ֔ם בְּדַבֶּרְכֶ֖ם אֵלָ֑י & ק֨וֹל דִּבְרֵ֜י הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבְּר֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ 1 The expression **the sound of your words when you spoke to me** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “what you said to me … what this people spoke to you”
|
||||
5:29 m98l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִֽי־יִתֵּ֡ן וְהָיָה֩ 1 Yahweh is using the question form of **Who will give** to express a strong desire for something. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation, ending the sentence with a period: “Oh that they would have”
|
||||
5:29 xx97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְבָבָ֨ם 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s will or their desire to do something. In this case, the desire is to fear Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “desire”
|
||||
5:29 jjqc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־הַיָּמִ֑ים 1 Here, **all the days** means “all the days of their life”. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “all the days of their life”
|
||||
5:29 zzj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלִבְנֵיהֶ֖ם 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and for their offspring”
|
||||
5:30 z5a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵ֖ךְ אֱמֹ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם שׁ֥וּבוּ לָכֶ֖ם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶֽם׃ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as in the UST.
|
||||
5:30 f2ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שׁ֥וּבוּ לָכֶ֖ם 1 The expression **Return yourselves** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “Return”
|
||||
5:31 bn9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְאַתָּ֗ה 1 Yahweh uses the words **But you** here to indicate a strong contrast between what Moses and the rest of the Israelites will do. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As for you”
|
||||
5:31 q7e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish עִמָּדִי֒ 1 This does not mean that Yahweh had a physical body which was present at Mount Sinai. Yahweh means that Moses should stand near the fire and clouds where Yahweh’s voice came from. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “by the fire where my voice comes from”
|
||||
5:31 odqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הַמִּצְוָ֛ה וְהַחֻקִּ֥ים 1 The terms **commandments** and **statutes** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the very important commandments”
|
||||
5:31 dlcu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הַמִּצְוָ֛ה 1 In this verse, the word **commandment** is singular in form, but it refers to all Yahweh’s commandments as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “the commandments”
|
||||
5:31 e1i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּלַמְּדֵ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Teach them”
|
||||
5:31 fiot rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְעָשׂ֣וּ 1 The implication is that Yahweh wants Moses to teach the Israelites his commandments so that the Israelites will follow them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that they will do them”
|
||||
5:31 hq4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ 1 The expression **the land that I am giving to them to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “in the land that I am giving to them”
|
||||
5:32 kyg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations 0 Moses has finished quoting what Yahweh said. This verse continues Moses’ speech to the Israelites. Consider natural ways of reintroducing a speaker of direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Moses said to the Israelites,”
|
||||
5:32 weq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And keep them”
|
||||
5:32 sqy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹ֥א תָסֻ֖רוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל 1 Here, **turn aside right nor left** is an idiom that means “disobey.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not get off track” or “Do not disobey”
|
||||
5:33 ype4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor prolong your days 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
|
||||
5:33 mteg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם אֶתְכֶ֖ם תֵּלֵ֑כוּ 1 Here Moses is speaking of commandments as if they were a road and as if obeying commandments was like walking on the road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All the commandments that Yahweh your God has commanded you, you shall obey”
|
||||
5:33 geoj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֵּלֵ֑כוּ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “walk”
|
||||
5:33 sc79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֤עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks the benefits of living a good, long life as the goal or purpose of obeying Yahweh. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
|
||||
5:33 gk5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים בָּאָ֖רֶץ 1 The implication is that, if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong** the **days** when they live **in the land**. Moses is speaking of time as if it was a physical substance that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “and you might live in the land for many generations”
|
||||
6:intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 6 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s blessings\nYahweh’s continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nThere are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
|
||||
6:1 it53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person.
|
||||
6:1 z6zb might keep 0 Alternate translation: “might obey”
|
||||
6:1 z6zb 0 Alternate translation: “might obey”
|
||||
6:1 ymp9 going over the Jordan 0 Alternate translation: “going to the other side of the Jordan River”
|
||||
6:2 l6ps to keep 0 Alternate translation: “to obey”
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6:2 i3ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that your days may be prolonged 0 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This can be translated similarly to “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “that I may prolong your days” or “that I may cause you to live a long time” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -2504,6 +2533,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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32:33 zwn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps 0 Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked.
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32:33 rck8 asps 0 poisonous snakes
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32:34 eti9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures? 0 This question emphasizes that Yahweh’s plans for the people of Israel are kept secret like a valuable treasure. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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32:35 wtvb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 1
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32:35 wr4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Moses’s quotation of Yahweh’s words that begins in [Deuteronomy 32:20](../32/20.md).
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32:35 sg4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense 0 The words “vengeance” and “recompense” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will have vengeance and punish Israel’s enemies”
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32:35 v1h2 recompense 0 to punish or reward a person for what he has done
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@ -2670,6 +2700,3 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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34:9 yd83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Moses had laid his hands on him 0 The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh”
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34:10 t1l8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh knew face to face 0 This is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship.
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34:12 mq8g in all the great 0 Alternate translation: “who did all the great”
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3:3 rm5e not one of his people remained 0 This is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. Alternate translation: “all of his people were dead”
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3:20 s3hn then will you return Moses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. “only then are you to return.”
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3:15 hyk9 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
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Reference in New Issue