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@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:21 jy0y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּ֫קְרָ֥א & אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ תֹאמֵֽר 1 Here Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who **calls out** or **says her sayings**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom is available … it is available” or “it is as if wisdom calls out … it is as if wisdom says its sayings”
1:21 b1k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠פִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּ⁠עִ֗יר 1 Solomon’s readers would have understood that the **the opening of the gates in the city** was a crowded place where many people gathered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the opening of the gates in the city, where many people gather,”
1:21 aeba rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ תֹאמֵֽר 1 Here, **says her sayings** is an emphatic construction that uses a verb and its object that come from the same root. You may be able to use the same construction in your language to express the meaning here. Alternatively, your language may have another way of showing the emphasis.
1:22 atm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations עַד־מָתַ֣י 1 [1:22–33](../01/22.md) are one long quotation that Solomon presents as if wisdom itself were speaking. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “She says, ‘Until when” or “It is as if wisdom says, ‘Until when”
1:22 atm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations עַד־מָתַ֣י 1 [1:22–33](../01/22.md) are one long quotation that Solomon presents as if wisdom itself were speaking. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “She says, ‘Until when” or “It is as if Wisdom says, ‘Until when”
1:22 jk3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ פֶ֥תִי וְ⁠לֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צוֹן חָמְד֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֑ם וּ֝⁠כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת 1 Wisdom is using the question form to emphasize that these types of people should stop acting the way they do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For too long the naive ones have loved naiveté, and mockers have delighted in mockery for themselves, and stupid ones have hated knowledge!”
1:22 v3nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פֶ֥תִי & לָ֭צוֹן & דָֽעַת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **naiveté**, **mockery**, and **knowledge**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “thinking naively … mocking … knowing something”
1:23 la68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ 1 **Turn** here implies turning one’s head in order to listen better to what someone is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn your heads and listen”
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:23 jw6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַבִּ֣יעָה לָ⁠כֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑⁠י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣⁠י אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I shall allow my spirit to gush forth to you, yes, I shall cause you to know my words”
1:23 c7ci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רוּחִ֑⁠י 1 Here, **spirit** refers to a person’s thoughts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my thoughts”
1:23 t4c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַבִּ֣יעָה לָ⁠כֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑⁠י 1 Wisdom telling the people what she thinks is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would **gush forth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I shall tell you what I think”
1:23 mwpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְבָרַ֣⁠י 1 Here, wisdom uses the term **words** to describe what she says by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that I speak”
1:23 mwpx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְבָרַ֣⁠י 1 Here, Wisdom uses the term **words** to describe what she says by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that I speak”
1:24 rpx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result יַ֣עַן 1 **Because** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is the reason for the result, which is stated in [1:26–27](../01/26.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. If you divide [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences, then you will need to remove **Because** here and add a word to express result at the beginning of [1:26](../01/26.md), as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Since”
1:24 p5wg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קָ֭רָאתִי וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗⁠י וְ⁠אֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I have called and you have refused, yes, I have stretched out my hand and there was no one listening attentively”
1:24 e734 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ 1 Wisdom implies that people **refused** to listen to what she said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you have refused to listen to me”
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
3:34 kb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתֶּן־חֵֽן 1 The writer speaks of Yahweh favoring people as if his **favor** were an object that he gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he acts favorably” or “he gives grace”
3:35 y7vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחָ֑לוּ 1 Here Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **honor** as if **honor** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise ones will receive honor”
3:35 ly3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּ֭בוֹד & קָלֽוֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **honor** and **dishonor**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “what is honorable … what is dishonorable”
3:35 b6jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here Solomon speaks of **stupid** people being dishonored as if their **dishonor** was lifted up for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive”
3:35 b6jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here Solomon speaks of **stupid** people being dishonored as if their **dishonor** was lifted up for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive”
4:intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### My son\n\nOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [4:6–9](../04/06.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
4:1 ik8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׁמְע֣וּ 1 See how you translated **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:1 hqv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בָ֭נִים 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to both male and female children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “offspring”
@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
4:23 gmwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ֝מֶּ֗⁠נּוּ תּוֹצְא֥וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here Solomon speaks of the influence that a person’s **heart** has over what happens in that person’s life as if the **heart** were **sources** that produce **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from your heart comes what will direct your life” or “your mind determines what your life will be like”
4:24 jv11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perversity of mouth, yes, the deviousness of lips put far away from you”\n
4:24 a2sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 The phrases **perversity of mouth** and **deviousness of lips** both refer to someone using his **mouth** or **lips** to speak deceitfully. If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use idioms from your language that do have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perverse speech, and devious speech put far away from you”
4:24 tdwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **perversity of mouth** and **the deviousness of lips** as if they were objects that someone could **Remove** or **put far away**. He means that a person should not speak deceitfully. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak perversely and do not speak deviously”
4:24 tdwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **perversity of mouth** and **the deviousness of lips** as if they were objects that someone could **Remove** or **put far away**. He means that a person should not speak deceitfully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak perversely and do not speak deviously”
4:25 d1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism עֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Cause your eyes to gaze to the front, yes, cause your eyelids to be straight in front of you”
4:25 il8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 In this verse, **eyes** and **eyelids** represent the person who is looking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Cause yourself to gaze to the front, and cause yourself to look straight in front of you”
4:25 wkv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 In these two clauses, Solomon speaks of committing oneself to behaving wisely and righteously as if those qualities were always **in front** of the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself focused on doing what is right, and keep looking ahead to what is good”
@ -861,12 +861,12 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
7:27 ayvy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵ֣י 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
7:27 ry42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹ֝רְד֗וֹת אֶל־חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path that is **descending to the rooms of death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die”\n
7:27 fvmk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 This phrase refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called **Sheol** in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”\n
8:intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nIn this chapter and the next chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who calls out for all to learn from her and was with God when he created the universe. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead. In that case wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in [8:4–36](../08/04.md), the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in [1:20–33](../01/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
8:1 v9h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that **wisdom** is available to everyone. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely wisdom calls out and understanding gives her voice!”\n
8:1 yywn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠לֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Does not wisdom call out, and does not understanding give her voice”\n
8:1 qsc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הֲ⁠לֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Does not wisdom call out, yes, does not understanding give her voice” or “Surely wisdom calls out, yes, surely understanding gives her voice!”\n
8:1 meo7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֥ה & וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
8:1 i9hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִקְרָ֑א & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 In this verse, **wisdom** and **understanding** are spoken of as if they were women. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “call out as if it were a woman … give her voice as if it were a woman”
8:intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nIn this chapter and the next chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who calls out for all to learn from her; she was with God when he created the universe. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead,. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in [8:4–36](../08/04.md), the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in [1:20–33](../01/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
8:1 v9h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that **wisdom** is available to everyone. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely wisdom calls out, and understanding gives her voice!”\n
8:1 yywn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis הֲ⁠לֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Does not Wisdom call out, and does not understanding give her voice”\n
8:1 qsc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הֲ⁠לֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Does not Wisdom call out, yes, does not understanding give her voice” or “Surely Wisdom calls out, yes, surely understanding gives her voice!”\n
8:1 meo7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֥ה & וּ֝⁠תְבוּנָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
8:1 i9hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִקְרָ֑א & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 In this verse, **Wisdom** and **understanding** are spoken of as if they were women. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “call out as if it were a woman … give her voice as if it were a woman”
8:1 k4ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:20](../01/20.md).
8:2 co6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים עֲלֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת נִצָּֽבָה 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She stations herself at the head of the heights beside the road, the house of the paths”
8:2 gpgq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠רֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים עֲלֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת 1 The phrases **the head of the heights beside the road** and **the house of the paths** both refer to the same place, which is a place where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “At the public place at the head of the heights beside the road, the house of the paths”
@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:6 a3zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠מִפְתַּ֥ח שְׂ֝פָתַ֗⁠י 1 Here, **the opening of my lips** refers to what is said when Wisdom opens her **lips** to speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak”
8:7 s9bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows in [8:7–9](../08/07.md) are additional reasons why people should listen to Wisdom, as commanded in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows are reasons. Alternate translation: “Listen because”\n
8:7 juy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche חִכִּ֑⁠י & שְׂפָתַ֣⁠י 1 Here, **palate** and **lips** refer to the person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I … me”
8:7 f6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֱ֭מֶת & וְ⁠תוֹעֲבַ֖ת & רֶֽשַׁע 1 If your language does not use an abstract nouns for the ideas of **truth**, **wickedness**, and **abomination**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md) and **abomination** in [3:32](../03/32.md). Alternate translation: “true things, and wicked things are abominable to”
8:7 f6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֱ֭מֶת & וְ⁠תוֹעֲבַ֖ת & רֶֽשַׁע 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **truth**, **wickedness**, and **abomination**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md) and **abomination** in [3:32](../03/32.md). Alternate translation: “true things, and wicked things are abominable to”
8:8 m1kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אִמְרֵי 1 See how you translated the similar use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).\n
8:8 am3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פִ֑⁠י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to the person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “mine”
8:8 k4ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠צֶ֥דֶק 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “are spoken in righteousness” or “are spoken righteously”
@ -899,20 +899,20 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:9 ga8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וִֽ֝⁠ישָׁרִ֗ים 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and all of them are upright things”
8:9 jyh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠מֹ֣צְאֵי דָֽעַת 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of acquiring **knowledge** as if it were something that people find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for people who acquire knowledge”
8:9 f1c2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
8:10 w8ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥⁠י וְ⁠אַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת מֵ⁠חָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, and take knowledge more than choice gold”\n
8:10 siva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥⁠י וְ⁠אַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת מֵ⁠חָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, yes, take knowledge more than choice gold”\n
8:10 w8ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥⁠י וְ⁠אַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת מֵ⁠חָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, and take knowledge rather than choice gold”\n
8:10 siva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥⁠י וְ⁠אַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת מֵ⁠חָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, yes, take knowledge rather than choice gold”\n
8:10 y385 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְחֽוּ 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of acquiring **instruction** and **knowledge** as if they were objects that a person can **Take**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Acquire”
8:10 z0vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָרִ֥⁠י & וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
8:10 ls6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אַל־כָּ֑סֶף 1 Here, **and not** means the same as **rather than** in the next clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “rather than silver”
8:10 v5jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠חָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 Here, **choice gold** refers to **gold** that is the best quality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “more than the best gold”
8:11 wl6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person חָ֭כְמָה & בָֽ⁠הּ 1 Here, **wisdom**, personified as a woman, is speaking about herself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I … with me”
8:10 v5jl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠חָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר 1 Here, **choice gold** refers to **gold** that is the best quality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “rather than the best gold”
8:11 wl6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person חָ֭כְמָה & בָֽ⁠הּ 1 Here, **Wisdom**, personified as a woman, speaks about herself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first-person form. Alternate translation: “I … with me”
8:11 ph7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מִ⁠פְּנִינִ֑ים 1 See how you translated **corals** in [3:15](../03/15.md).
8:12 mj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שָׁכַ֣נְתִּי עָרְמָ֑ה 1 Here, wisdom speaks of being associated with **prudence** as if **prudence** were a person whom **wisdom** dwells with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “What is wise is associated with what is prudent” or “I dwell with prudence like two people live in the same house”
8:12 mj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שָׁכַ֣נְתִּי עָרְמָ֑ה 1 Here, **Wisdom** speaks of being associated with **prudence** as if **prudence** were a person whom **Wisdom** dwells with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “What is wise is associated with what is prudent” or “I dwell with prudence like two people live in the same house”
8:12 w6pq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה & עָרְמָ֑ה וְ⁠דַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md), and **prudence**, **knowledge**, and **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
8:12 m5lo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠דַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe a **knowledge** that is about **discretion**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and knowledge about discretion”
8:12 jk94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת אֶמְצָֽא 1 Here, **Wisdom** speaks of enabling people to have **knowledge of discretion** as if they were objects that one could **find**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to acquire knowledge of discretion” or “What is wise enables you to acquire knowledge of discretion”
8:13 gp8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִֽרְאַ֣ת יְהוָה֮ 1 See how you translated the **fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
8:13 v5jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֥ע גֵּ֘אָ֤ה וְ⁠גָא֨וֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil**, **pride**, and **arrogance**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “evil things … being proud and arrogant”
8:13 v5jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֥ע גֵּ֘אָ֤ה וְ⁠גָא֨וֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **evil**, **Pride**, and **arrogance**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “evil things … Being proud and arrogant”
8:13 mixv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ רָ֭ע 1 See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
8:13 kjg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠פִ֨י תַהְפֻּכ֬וֹת 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe a **mouth** that speaks **perverse things**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and the mouth that speaks perverse things”
8:13 cnc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ⁠פִ֨י 1 Here, **mouth** represents the person speaking **perverse things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the person who speaks”\n
@ -921,9 +921,9 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:15 dewa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝⁠רוֹזְנִ֗ים יְחֹ֣קְקוּ צֶֽדֶק 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and by me dignitaries decree righteousness” or “and by what is wise dignitaries decree righteousness”\n
8:15 sajw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צֶֽדֶק 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
8:16 yk59 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠נְדִיבִ֗ים 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and by me nobles rule” or “and by what is wise nobles rule”
8:16 qn4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וּ֝⁠נְדִיבִ֗ים כָּל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק 1 This phrase is making a distinction between **nobles** who are **judges of righteousness** and those who are not. It is not giving us further information the **nobles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases more clear. Alternate translation: “and nobles, that is, all those nobles who are judges of righteousness”\n
8:16 qn4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish וּ֝⁠נְדִיבִ֗ים כָּל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק 1 This phrase is making a distinction between **nobles** who are **judges of righteousness** and those who are not. It is not giving us further information about the **nobles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases more clear. Alternate translation: “and nobles, that is, all those nobles who are judges of righteousness”\n
8:16 hg7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **judges** who are characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “righteous judges”
8:17 e3jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns אֲ֭נִי & אֵהָ֑ב 1 Wisdom uses the word **myself** to emphasize how significant it was that wisdom is like a woman who loves those who love her. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “Even I love”
8:17 e3jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns אֲ֭נִי & אֵהָ֑ב 1 Wisdom uses the word **myself** to emphasize how significant it is that wisdom is like a woman who loves those who love her. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “Even I love”
8:17 kpvv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֲ֭נִי אֹהֲבַ֣י אֵהָ֑ב 1 Here, wisdom is depicted as if it were a person who can **love** and be loved by people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom benefits those who value it” or “It is as if wisdom were a woman who loves those who love her”
8:17 xz9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝⁠מְשַׁחֲרַ֗⁠י יִמְצָאֻֽ⁠נְנִי 1 Here, people trying to be wise and succeeding is spoken of as if wisdom were a person whom people can **seek** and **find**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and those who diligently try to become wise will become wise”
8:18 k7hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֹֽשֶׁר־וְ⁠כָב֥וֹד אִתִּ֑⁠י 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of enabling people to have **Riches**, **honor**, **surpassing wealth**, and **righteousness** as if they were objects that were **with** Wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to have riches, honor, surpassing wealth, and righteousness” or “What is wise enables you to have riches, honor, surpassing wealth, and righteousness”
@ -934,21 +934,21 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:19 rqy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠תְבוּאָתִ֗⁠י 1 Here, **produce** refers to the benefits that a person receives from having wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my benefits” or “and the benefits I can give you”
8:19 dzjk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף נִבְחָֽר 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is better than choice silver”
8:19 i7wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠כֶּ֥סֶף נִבְחָֽר 1 Here, **choice silver** refers to **silver** that is the best quality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “than the best silver”
8:20 tks1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה אֲהַלֵּ֑ך 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of behaving righteously as if someone were walking on a **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I behave righteously”
8:20 tks1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה אֲהַלֵּ֑ך 1 Here Wisdom speaks of behaving righteously as if she were walking on a **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I behave righteously”
8:20 wask rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠אֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the path** that is characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the righteous path”
8:20 ax2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ֝⁠ת֗וֹךְ נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I walk in the midst of the beaten paths of justice”
8:20 rg74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the beaten paths** that are characterized by **justice**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the just beaten paths”
8:20 rg74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the beaten paths** that are characterized by **justice**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the just, beaten paths”
8:21 kx1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠הַנְחִ֖יל אֹהֲבַ֥⁠י 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for what Wisdom does in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “I do that for the purpose of causing those who love me to inherit”\n
8:21 mg4q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֹצְרֹ֖תֵי⁠הֶ֣ם 1 The word **treasuries** refers to buildings or rooms where people store valuable things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and their buildings where they store precious things”
8:22 f91m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יְֽהוָ֗ה קָ֭נָ⁠נִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣י⁠ו מֵ⁠אָֽז 1 Wisdom is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh possessed me at the beginning of his way; Yahweh possessed me before his works from then”\n
8:22 eias rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יְֽהוָ֗ה קָ֭נָ⁠נִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣י⁠ו מֵ⁠אָֽז 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Yahweh possessed me at the beginning of his way, yes, Yahweh possessed me before his works from then”\n
8:22 ucgn קָ֭נָ⁠נִי 1 Some scholars believe that the word translated as **possessed** could also mean “created.” Either way, the point is that **Yahweh** had wisdom before he created the universe. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
8:22 ucgn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants קָ֭נָ⁠נִי 1 Some scholars believe that the word translated as **possessed** could also mean “created.” Either way, the point is that **Yahweh** had wisdom before he created the universe. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
8:22 xu3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ & מִפְעָלָ֣י⁠ו 1 The phrases **his way** and **his works** both refer to Yahweh creating the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his creating … his creative works”
8:22 g6hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠אָֽז 1 Here, **then** refers to **the beginning** mentioned in the previous clause, which refers to when **Yahweh** started creating the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the beginning”
8:23 hkmu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure מֵ֭⁠עוֹלָם נִסַּ֥כְתִּי מֵ⁠רֹ֗אשׁ מִ⁠קַּדְמֵי־אָֽרֶץ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was poured out from eternity, from the head, from the ancient times of the earth”\n
8:23 mh2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ֭⁠עוֹלָם 1 Here, **eternity** refers to the distant past. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Very long ago”
8:23 swag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִסַּ֥כְתִּי 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh did the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh poured me out”
8:23 vhov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִסַּ֥כְתִּי 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of being established as if it were a liquid that was **poured out**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was established”
8:23 vhov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִסַּ֥כְתִּי 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of being established as if she were a liquid that was **poured out**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was established”
8:23 v4tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵ⁠רֹ֗אשׁ 1 Here, **head** refers to the first in a series of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the first”
8:23 mth7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠קַּדְמֵי־אָֽרֶץ 1 The phrase **the ancient times of the earth** refers to the time when the earth was made. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth”
8:24 oijk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בְּ⁠אֵין־תְּהֹמ֥וֹת חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי בְּ⁠אֵ֥ין מַ֝עְיָנ֗וֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָֽיִם 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth when there were no watery depths and when there were no springs heavy with water”
@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:24 el5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַ֝עְיָנ֗וֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָֽיִם 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of **springs** being full of **water** that flows out as if they were **heavy with water**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “springs full of flowing water”
8:25 u2m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בְּ⁠טֶ֣רֶם הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתִּי 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth before the mountains were sunk and before the face of the hills”
8:25 z5y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sunk the mountains”
8:25 ryrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of the creation of **the mountains** as if their foundations **were sunk** in the earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the mountains were created”
8:25 ryrx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ 1 Here Wisdom speaks of the creation of **the mountains** as if their foundations **were sunk** in the earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the mountains were created”
8:25 f9dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת 1 Here, **face** represents the existence of **the hills** as if they were a person with a **face**. Wisdom is referring to the time **before** **the hills** existed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before the existence of the hills”\n
8:25 asn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חוֹלָֽלְתִּי 1 See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
8:26 r8jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure עַד־לֹ֣א עָ֭שָׂה אֶ֣רֶץ וְ⁠חוּצ֑וֹת וְ֝⁠רֹ֗אשׁ עָפְר֥וֹת תֵּבֵֽל 1 This verse continues the sentence that began in the previous verse. If you divide the previous verse and this verse into separate sentences, then you will need to repeat the main clause from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth before he made the earth or the outside places or the head of the loose soil of the world”
@ -966,15 +966,15 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:27 t648 This verse is the beginning of a sentence that continues through [8:29](../08/29.md). If you make each of these verses a separate sentence, then you will need to repeat **I was there** in each of those verses.
8:27 nk15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בַּ⁠הֲכִינ֣⁠וֹ שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. This verse is the beginning of a sentence that continues through [8:29](../08/29.md). If you make each verse a separate sentence, then you will need to repeat the main clause of this verse in each of those verses. Alternate translation: “I was there when he established the heavens”
8:27 b5db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠ח֥וּק⁠וֹ ח֝֗וּג עַל־פְּנֵ֥י תְהֽוֹם 1 This clause refers to Yahweh forming the horizon between the sky and ocean as if he were drawing a **circle** on the ocean’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he made the horizon between the heavens and the surface of the ocean”
8:28 wnj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠אַמְּצ֣⁠וֹ שְׁחָקִ֣ים 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of God forming **the clouds** as if he made them **firm**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When he created the clouds”
8:28 z2v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בַּ֝⁠עֲז֗וֹז עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of the **springs** flowing with much water as if they were people who **became strong**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when the springs of the watery deep flowed strongly”
8:28 ii3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם 1 Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the springs** that supply water to **the watery deep**, which refers to the bottom of the ocean. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the springs that fill the watery deep”
8:28 wnj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠אַמְּצ֣⁠וֹ שְׁחָקִ֣ים 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of God forming **the clouds** as if he made them **firm**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when he created the clouds”
8:28 z2v2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בַּ֝⁠עֲז֗וֹז עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם 1 Here Wisdom speaks of the **springs** flowing with much water as if they were people who **became strong**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when the springs of the watery deep flowed strongly”
8:28 ii3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם 1 Here Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe **the springs** that supply water to **the watery deep**, which refers to the bottom of the ocean. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the springs that fill the watery deep”
8:29 titz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠שׂ֘וּמ֤⁠וֹ & פִ֑י⁠ו & בְּ֝⁠חוּק֗⁠וֹ 1 In this verse, **he** and **his** refer to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh set up … Yahweh’s mouth … when Yahweh inscribed”
8:29 pd76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֻקּ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **law** refers to the limit or boundary of **sea**, where the **sea** ends and the dry land begins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “its limit”
8:29 vk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **mouth** refers to God’s **law** that was mentioned in the previous clause as if it were a command spoken by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his command” or “that limit”
8:29 pd76 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֻקּ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **its statute** refers to the limit or boundary of **sea**, where the **sea** ends and the dry land begins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “its limit”
8:29 vk7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, **mouth** refers to God’s **statute** that was mentioned in the previous clause as if it were a command spoken by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his command” or “that limit”
8:29 f3j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ֝⁠חוּק֗⁠וֹ 1 This clause refers to Yahweh designating **the foundations of the earth** as if he were drawing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he designated” or “when he decreed”
8:29 j9sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מ֣וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ 1 This phrase could refer to: (1) the limits of the land, which were considered to be the bottoms of the mountains (see [Micah 6:2](../mic/06/02.md)). Alternate translation: “the limits of the land” (2) where Yahweh placed **the earth**, which was spoken as if **the earth** were resting on top of **foundations**. Alternate translation: “where the earth would be placed”
8:30 ph2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וָֽ⁠אֶהְיֶ֥ה אֶצְל֗⁠וֹ אָ֫מ֥וֹן 1 Here, Yahweh using wisdom to create the universe is spoke of as if wisdom were **a skilled worker** who was **beside him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Then he used wisdom skillfully” or “Then I was like a skilled worker beside him”
8:30 ph2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וָֽ⁠אֶהְיֶ֥ה אֶצְל֗⁠וֹ אָ֫מ֥וֹן 1 Here Yahweh using Wisdom to create the universe is spoken of as if Wisdom were **a skilled worker** who was **beside him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Then he used Wisdom skillfully” or “Then I was like a skilled worker beside him”
8:30 ky7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שַׁ֭עֲשֻׁעִים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **delight**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “delightful”
8:30 a22n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְשַׂחֶ֖קֶת 1 Here, **frolicking** refers to dancing or playing in a way that expresses great joy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “acting joyfully”
8:30 mhxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, **face** refers to Yahweh’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his presence”\n
@ -987,27 +987,26 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:32 hwt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ֝⁠אַשְׁרֵ֗י 1 Here, **and** introduces the reason for obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “since happy”\n
8:32 m6ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכַ֥⁠י יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ 1 Here, **ways** refers to behavior. See how you translated the similar use of **keep** and “paths” in [2:20](../02/20.md). Alternate translation: “are they who behave like me”
8:33 uqpl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֥ר 1 See how you translated **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
8:33 bcx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative וַ⁠חֲכָ֗מוּ 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use a form in your language that communicates a result. Alternate translation: “and it will result in you becoming wise”
8:33 ky6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠אַל־תִּפְרָֽעוּ 1 Wisdom is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow”
8:33 ky6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes וְ⁠אַל־תִּפְרָֽעוּ 1 Wisdom is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to me” or “be sure to follow me”
8:34 ao5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָם֮ 1 The word **man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is the person”
8:34 i55j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לִ⁠שְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַ⁠י י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝⁠שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽ⁠י 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “keeping vigil over my doors day by day, yes, keeping watch over the doorposts of my entrances”\n
8:34 vj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠שְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַ⁠י י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝⁠שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽ⁠י 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of someone being eager to listen to her as if that person was vigilantly waiting at the door to her house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “being eager to listen to me” or “being eager to listen to me as if one were keeping vigil over my doors day by day, keeping watch over the doorposts of my entrances”
8:34 vj3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠שְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַ⁠י י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝⁠שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽ⁠י 1 Here Wisdom speaks of someone being eager to listen to her as if that person was vigilantly waiting at the door to her house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “being eager to listen to me” or “being eager to listen to me as if one were keeping vigil over my doors day by day, keeping watch over the doorposts of my entrances”
8:34 rlm0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠שְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַ⁠י י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝⁠שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽ⁠י 1 Here, **doors** and **doorposts of my entrances** implies that Wisdom has a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “keeping vigil over the doors of my house day by day, keeping watch over the doorposts of the entrances of my house”
8:35 z6lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason why someone who listens to Wisdom will be happy, as stated in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “That man will be happy because”\n
8:35 hfn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מֹצְאַי 1 Here, learning wisdom is spoken of as if wisdom were a person whom someone could find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar phrase in [3:13](../03/13.md) and [8:17](../08/17.md). Alternate translation: “those who attain wisdom” or “those who become wise”
8:35 i5ov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מֹצְאֵי חַיִּ֑ים 1 Having a long **life** is spoken of as if **life** were an object that a person can find by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are those who will have long lives”\n
8:35 du0q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וַ⁠יָּ֥פֶק 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Wisdom is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and that person obtains”
8:35 qybq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֝צ֗וֹן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
8:36 gfoj וְֽ֭⁠חֹטְאִ⁠י 1 The phrase translated **a sinner against me** could also be translated as “one who misses me,” which has the idea of failing to “find” wisdom. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
8:36 hmls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְֽ֭⁠חֹטְאִ⁠י 1 Here, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person whom people could sin **against**. This phrase refers to people who sin by rejecting wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But someone who sins by rejecting me” or “But someone who sins by rejecting wisdom”
8:36 gfoj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants וְֽ֭⁠חֹטְאִ⁠י 1 The phrase translated **a sinner against me** could also be translated as “one who misses me,” which has the idea of failing to “find” wisdom. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
8:36 hmls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְֽ֭⁠חֹטְאִ⁠י 1 Here, Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person whom people could sin **against**. This phrase refers to people who sin by rejecting wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But someone who sins by rejecting me” or “But someone who sins by rejecting Wisdom”
8:36 yl6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֹמֵ֣ס & מָֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
8:36 w73k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “himself”
8:36 tttn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole אָ֣הֲבוּ מָֽוֶת 1 This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that people who hate wisdom choose to live in a way that will cause them to die. It does not mean that people who hate wisdom actually **love death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “show by their actions that they choose to die” or “act as if they love death”
9:intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n * Wisdom and folly (9:1–18)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nIn this chapter and the previous chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who prepares a meal and calls out for all to come and learn from her. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead. In that case wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in [9:4–12](../09/04.md), the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in [1:20–33](../01/20.md) and [8:4–36](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
9:intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n * Wisdom and folly (9:1–18)\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nIn this chapter and the previous chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who prepares a meal and calls out for all to come and learn from her. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in [9:4–12](../09/04.md), the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in [1:20–33](../01/20.md) and [8:4–36](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
9:1 m12a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification חָ֭כְמוֹת בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑⁠הּ חָצְבָ֖ה עַמּוּדֶ֣י⁠הָ שִׁבְעָֽה 1 In [9:1–12](../09/01.md), **Wisdom** is spoken of as if it were a woman. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has built her house and has hewn out her seven pillars”\n
9:1 s64d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָצְבָ֖ה עַמּוּדֶ֣י⁠הָ שִׁבְעָֽה 1 This clause refers to part of the process of building the **house** that was mentioned in the previous clause. A **house** with **seven pillars** would have been very large. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has hewn out seven pillars to support the roof of her house”
9:2 zr00 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָ⁠הּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑⁠הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽ⁠הּ 1 In this verse, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has slaughtered her slaughter, mixed her wine, and arranged her table”
9:2 hk6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָ⁠הּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑⁠הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽ⁠הּ 1 All three of these clauses refer to parts of the process to prepare a special meal for guests. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She has prepared a meal for guests by slaughtering her slaughter, mixing her wine, and arranging her table”
9:2 hk6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָ⁠הּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑⁠הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽ⁠הּ 1 All three of these clauses refer to parts of the process of preparing a special meal for guests. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She has prepared a meal for guests by slaughtering her slaughter, mixing her wine, and arranging her table”
9:2 x5sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָ⁠הּ 1 Here, **slaughter** refers to the animals that Wisdom has **slaughtered** so that their meat may be eaten at a meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She has slaughtered the animals so that their meat may be eaten at the meal”
9:2 ywr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑⁠הּ 1 In ancient Israel, people often prepared **wine** for drinking by mixing it with water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has prepared her wine by mixing it with water”
9:2 h2zm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽ⁠הּ 1 This phrase refers to putting the food and eating utensils on a table in order to prepare for a meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has prepared her table for people to eat a meal”
@ -1028,24 +1027,24 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
9:6 d5j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וִֽ⁠חְי֑וּ 1 Here, **live** refers to living a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and live a long life”
9:6 lpn8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠אִשְׁר֗וּ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ בִּינָֽה 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of a people behaving in a manner that will enable them to acquire **understanding** as if they were striding on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and behave in a manner that will enable you to acquire understanding”
9:6 ycu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
9:7 xm8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣⁠וֹ קָל֑וֹן וּ⁠מוֹכִ֖יחַ לְ⁠רָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **The instructor**, **a mocker**, **himself**, **the rebuker**, **a wicked one**, and **his** do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any instructor of any mocker receives disgrace for that person, and any rebuker of any wicked one, that person’s injury”
9:7 xm8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣⁠וֹ קָל֑וֹן וּ⁠מוֹכִ֖יחַ לְ⁠רָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, the terms **The instructor**, **a mocker**, **himself**, **the rebuker**, **a wicked one**, and **his** do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any instructor of any mocker receives disgrace for that person, and any rebuker of any wicked one, that person’s injury”
9:7 k7j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ 1 Since **a mocker** does not accept instruction, this phrase implies that someone attempted to be an **instructor of a mocker**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The one who attempts to instruct a mocker”
9:7 x5sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣⁠וֹ קָל֑וֹן 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of **disgrace** as if it were an object that a person **receives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will himself be disgraced”
9:7 oad5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קָל֑וֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **disgrace** in [6:33](../06/33.md).
9:7 vif7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠מוֹכִ֖יחַ לְ⁠רָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽ⁠וֹ 1 Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and the rebuker of a wicked one receives his injury”\n
9:7 k4b9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּמֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **injury**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “his being injured”\n
9:8 fpc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אַל־תּ֣וֹכַח 1 This clause states what Wisdom wants people to do as a result of what Wisdom said in the previous verse. Use the most natural way to express an intended result in your language. Alternate translation: “Therefore, do not rebuke”
9:8 mjq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֭ץ פֶּן־יִשְׂנָאֶ֑⁠ךָּ & לְ֝⁠חָכָ֗ם וְ⁠יֶאֱהָבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Here, **a mocker**, **he**, and **a wise one** do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any mocker, lest that person hate you … any wise one and that person will love you”
9:8 mjq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֭ץ פֶּן־יִשְׂנָאֶ֑⁠ךָּ & לְ֝⁠חָכָ֗ם וְ⁠יֶאֱהָבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Here, **a mocker**, **he**, and **a wise one** do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any mocker, lest that person hate you … any wise one, and that person will love you”
9:8 g1qu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast הוֹכַ֥ח לְ֝⁠חָכָ֗ם 1 This clause says something that is in contrast to what was said in the previous clause. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “By contrast, rebuke a wise one”\n
9:8 rpxq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠יֶאֱהָבֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “and it will result in him loving you”\n
9:9 y95j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תֵּ֣ן 1 Wisdom is leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “Give instruction” or “Give what is wise”\n
9:9 c8r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֭⁠חָכָם וְ⁠יֶחְכַּם־ע֑וֹד & לְ֝⁠צַדִּ֗יק וְ⁠י֣וֹסֶף 1 Here, **a wise one**, **he**, and **a righteous one** do not refer to specific people, but refer to these types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “to any wise one and that person will become more wise … any righteous one and that person will increase”
9:9 c8r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֭⁠חָכָם וְ⁠יֶחְכַּם־ע֑וֹד & לְ֝⁠צַדִּ֗יק וְ⁠י֣וֹסֶף 1 Here, **a wise one**, **he**, and **a righteous one** do not refer to specific people but refer to these types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “to any wise one, and that person will become more wise … any righteous one, and that person will increase”
9:10 zryv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תְּחִלַּ֣ת 1 See how you translated the same use of **beginning** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
9:10 oxjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה & וְ⁠דַ֖עַת & בִּינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
9:10 l6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md).
9:11 xbl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּי 1 **For** here indicates that Wisdom is emphasizing what follows in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes that emphasis clear. Alternate translation: “Truly”\n
9:11 uv8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְבּ֣וּ יָמֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the **days** that they are alive were something that could **increase** in number. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live many more days”
9:11 jt1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝⁠ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the **years** that they are alive were something that could **be added** to their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will live many more years”
9:11 uv8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְבּ֣וּ יָמֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the **days** that they are alive were something that could **increase** in number. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live many more days”
9:11 jt1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝⁠ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the **years** that they are alive were something that could **be added** to their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will live many more years”
9:11 wpx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 See how you translated this idiom in [3:2](../03/02.md).
9:11 u5qf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝⁠ךָ֗ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and … I will add to you”\n
9:12 z3ez rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָּ֑⁠ךְ 1 Here, **for** implies that being **wise** is for the benefit of the **wise** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the benefit of yourself”
@ -1064,22 +1063,21 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
9:17 gr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ 1 The stupid woman implies that what she says in this verse is the reason why the “naive” should “turn aside” to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn aside here because stolen waters are sweet”
9:17 jsi6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ וְ⁠לֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים יִנְעָֽם 1 In this verse, the foolish woman refers to the pleasure of having sex with someone to whom one is not married as if it were as **sweet** as **stolen waters** or as **pleasant** as **bread of secrecies**. Water and food are also used as euphemisms for sexual activity in [5:15–19](../05/15.md) and [30:20](../30/20.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile: “Having sex with me is truly enjoyable” or “Having sex with me is as enjoyable as drinking stolen waters or eating bread of secrecies”
9:17 v8z3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠לֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים 1 The phrase **bread of secrecies** could refer to: (1) **bread** that a person secretly eats by himself. Alternate translation: “and bread that is eaten in secrecy” (2) **bread** that one obtains through secret deeds, which implies stealing the **bread**. Alternate translation: “and bread obtained secretly” or “and stolen bread”
9:18 zo93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְֽ⁠לֹא־יָ֭דַע 1 **And** here indicates that was follows is in contrast with what the foolish woman stated in the previous verses. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “However, he does not know”
9:18 kjuw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְֽ⁠לֹא־יָ֭דַע 1 Here, **he** refers to any naive man to whom the stupid woman calls. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And any naive man does not know”
9:18 kjuw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְֽ⁠לֹא־יָ֭דַע 1 Here, **he** refers to any naive man to whom the stupid woman calls. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “But any naive man does not know”
9:18 kg4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְפָאִ֣ים שָׁ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of those men who died because they went to the stupid woman’s house as if their dead **spirits** were **there**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that the men who have gone to her house are now dead”
9:18 m5oj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive קְרֻאֶֽי⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom she called”
9:18 k1fh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קְרֻאֶֽי⁠הָ 1 This phrase refers to the men who went to the stupid woman’s house to commit adultery with her in response to her calling them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the men whom she called and they accepted her call” or “the men who went to her house after she called them”
10:intro fhy5 0 # Proverbs 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs that were written by Solomon.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [10:10](../10/10.md), [18](../10/18.md), [22](../10/22.md), [26](../10/26.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
10:intro fhy5 0 # Proverbs 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs that were written by Solomon.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [10:10](../10/10.md), [18](../10/18.md), [22](../10/22.md), [26](../10/26.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
10:1 tab7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִשְׁלֵ֗י שְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:1](../01/01.md).
10:1 sank rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם יְשַׂמַּח־אָ֑ב וּ⁠בֵ֥ן כְּ֝סִ֗יל תּוּגַ֥ת אִמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although the terms **son** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “Any wise person gladdens that person’s father, but any stupid person is the grief of that person’s mother”\n
10:1 a6oo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָ֑ב 1 Here, **father** refers specifically to the **father** of the **son** mentioned earlier in the sentence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
10:1 msr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוּגַ֥ת אִמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grief**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “grieves his mother”
10:2 ffz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אוֹצְר֣וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **Treasures** that someone gained by **wickedness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Treasures gained in wicked ways” or “Treasures obtained by wicked means”
10:2 ffz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אוֹצְר֣וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **Treasures** that someone gained by **wickedness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Treasures gained in wicked ways” or “Treasures obtained by wicked means”
10:2 xnh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹא־י֭וֹעִילוּ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “do not profit those who possess them”
10:2 iavl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה & מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
10:2 kdl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תַּצִּ֥יל 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “delivers a person”
10:3 df3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נֶ֣פֶשׁ צַדִּ֑יק 1 Here **life** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the righteous person”
10:3 u9iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֶהְדֹּֽף 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** preventing **the wicked ones** from getting what they **desire** as if that **desire** were an object that **Yahweh** **thrusts away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he thwarts”
10:3 u9iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֶהְדֹּֽף 1 Here Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** preventing **the wicked ones** from getting what they **desire** as if that **desire** were an object that **Yahweh thrusts away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he thwarts”
10:4 e3ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַף־רְמִיָּ֑ה וְ⁠יַ֖ד חָרוּצִ֣ים 1 Here, **palm** and **hand** represent the whole person, who works by using a **palm** or **hand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work … but people who work diligently”
10:4 yly7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֗אשׁ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **poverty** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
10:5 o7c1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֹגֵ֣ר & בֵּ֣ן & נִרְדָּ֥ם & בֵּ֣ן 1 **One who gathers**, **a son**, and **one who keeps** refer to types of people in general, not specific people or sons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who gathers … is any son … but any person who sleeps … is any son”
@ -1090,34 +1088,34 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
10:6 y4mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 Here, **mouth** could refer to: (1) what **the wicked ones** say. Alternate translation: “but the speech of the wicked ones” (2) **the wicked ones** themselves. Alternate translation: “but the wicked ones themselves”\n
10:6 todb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְכַסֶּ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone concealing **violence** as if it were an object that someone **covers**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “conceals”
10:6 k4dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָמָֽס 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **violence** in [3:31](../03/31.md).
10:7 k8ro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֵ֣כֶר צַ֭דִּיק לִ⁠בְרָכָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **memory** that other people have about **the righteous one**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The righteous one will be remembered for a blessing”
10:7 k8ro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession זֵ֣כֶר צַ֭דִּיק לִ⁠בְרָכָ֑ה 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **memory** that other people have about **the righteous one**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The righteous one will be remembered for a blessing”
10:7 gzif rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק 1 Although **righteous one** here is singular, it refers to all **righteous** people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “any righteous person”
10:7 nmda rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִ⁠בְרָכָ֑ה 1 This phrase indicates that people will be blessed when they remember **the righteous one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be a blessing to others” or “will bless others”
10:7 edf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠שֵׁ֖ם 1 Although **name** here is singular, it refers to the names of all the **wicked ones** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but the names of”
10:7 e1w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠שֵׁ֖ם 1 Here, **name** refers to a person’s reputation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the reputation of” or “but what people think of”
10:7 s7ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִרְקָֽב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people forgetting **the name of the wicked ones** as if that **name** is an object that rots and disappears. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “will be forgotten” or “will be forgotten like something that rots away”
10:8 m4yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חֲכַם־לֵ֭ב 1 This phrase refers to a person who thinks wisely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A wise thinker”
10:8 q33f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִקַּ֣ח מִצְוֺ֑ת 1 Here, Solomon refers to obeying **commands** as if they were objects that a person **receives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeys commands”
10:8 q33f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִקַּ֣ח מִצְוֺ֑ת 1 Here Solomon refers to obeying **commands** as if they were objects that a person **receives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeys commands”
10:8 vu21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִצְוֺ֑ת 1 Solomon implies that **wise** people obey good **commands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “good commands”
10:8 lays rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וֶ⁠אֱוִ֥יל שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, **the one stupid of lips** refers to someone who speaks foolishly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression in your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but a chattering fool” or “but one who speaks stupidly”
10:8 bmhd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִלָּבֵֽט 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will throw themselves down”
10:8 e725 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִלָּבֵֽט 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s life becoming ruined or destroyed as if that person were **thrown down** on the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “will be made useless”
10:8 e725 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִלָּבֵֽט 1 Here Solomon refers to a person’s life becoming ruined or destroyed as if that person were **thrown down** on the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “will be made useless”
10:9 ps6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בַּ֭⁠תֹּם 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “walking with integrity” in [2:7](../02/07.md).
10:9 e1m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵ֣לֶךְ בֶּ֑טַח 1 See how you translated a similar use of **walk** in [3:23](../03/23.md).
10:9 f151 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מְעַקֵּ֥שׁ דְּ֝רָכָ֗י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the similar use of “paths” and **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
10:9 oc4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִוָּדֵֽעַ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will know” or “God will know”
10:9 xw85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִוָּדֵֽעַ 1 Here, **known** refers to the **one who causes his ways** being discovered or found out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be discovered” or “will be found out”
10:9 xw85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִוָּדֵֽעַ 1 Here, **known** refers to the **one who causes his ways to be crooked** being discovered or found out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be discovered” or “will be found out”
10:10 mi1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction קֹ֣רֵֽץ עַ֭יִן 1 See how you translated a similar phrase is [6:13](../06/13.md).
10:10 zlfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתֵּ֣ן עַצָּ֑בֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of causing people to feel **pain** or grief as if **pain** were an object that someone **gives** to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes pain”
10:10 zlfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתֵּ֣ן עַצָּ֑בֶת 1 Here Solomon speaks of causing people to feel **pain** or grief as if **pain** were an object that someone **gives** to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes pain”
10:10 p957 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וֶ⁠אֱוִ֥יל שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם יִלָּבֵֽט 1 See how you translated the nearly identical clause in [10:8](../10/08.md).
10:11 tv58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **fountain** that gives **life**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A fountain that gives life”
10:11 uifo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of **the mouth of the righteous one** as if it were a **fountain of life**. He means that what a **righteous** person says is beneficial to a person’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Something that benefits a person’s life”
10:11 tv58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **fountain** that gives **life**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A fountain that gives life”
10:11 uifo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַ֭יִּים 1 Here Solomon is speaking of **the mouth of the righteous one** as if it were a **fountain of life**. He means that what a **righteous** person says is beneficial to a person’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Something that benefits a person’s life”
10:11 f47s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֣י 1 In this verse, **mouth** refers to what a person says by using his **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the speech of”
10:11 bz8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְכַסֶּ֥ה חָמָֽס 1 See how you translated the identical clause in [10:6](../10/06.md).
10:12 t8a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שִׂ֭נְאָה תְּעוֹרֵ֣ר מְדָנִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Hatred** as if it were a person who could cause **quarrels**. He means that people who hate cause such **quarrels**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Being hateful causes one to stir up quarrels”
10:12 ph1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠עַ֥ל כָּל־פְּ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תְּכַסֶּ֥ה אַהֲבָֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **love** as if it were a person who could cover over **transgressions**. He means that people who love forgive **transgressions**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but being hateful causes one to forgive transgressions”
10:12 t8a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שִׂ֭נְאָה תְּעוֹרֵ֣ר מְדָנִ֑ים 1 Here Solomon speaks of **Hatred** as if it were a living thing that could cause **quarrels**. He means that people who hate cause such **quarrels**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Being hateful causes one to stir up quarrels”
10:12 ph1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠עַ֥ל כָּל־פְּ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תְּכַסֶּ֥ה אַהֲבָֽה 1 Here Solomon speaks of **love** as if it were a living thing that could cover over **transgressions**. He means that people who love forgive **transgressions**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but being hateful causes one to forgive transgressions”
10:12 rrwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פְּ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **transgressions**, you could express the same idea in another way. Here, **transgressions** refers to crimes committed against people. Alternate translation: “that people do to harm others”
10:13 n8pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠שִׂפְתֵ֣י נָ֭בוֹן 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a **discerning** person says as if it were an object on that person’s **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in what a discerning person says”
10:13 n8pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠שִׂפְתֵ֣י נָ֭בוֹן 1 Here Solomon refers to what a **discerning** person says as if it were an object on that person’s **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In what a discerning person says”
10:13 i0xo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּמָּצֵ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to the existence of **wisdom** as if it were an object that could be found. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wisdom exists” or “there is wisdom”
10:13 xjnm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
10:13 ww93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝⁠שֵׁ֗בֶט לְ⁠גֵ֣ו 1 The phrase **rod for the back** refers to a form of punishment that involved beating a person on **the back** with a **rod**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general expression for physical punishment. Alternate translation: “but physical punishment is for”
@ -1125,33 +1123,33 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
10:14 m077 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִצְפְּנוּ 1 See how you translated the same use of **store up** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
10:14 gzs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָ֑עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).\n
10:14 ej72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠פִֽי 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
10:14 u04u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְחִתָּ֥ה קְרֹבָֽה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of what a **fool** says causing **ruin** as if that fool’s **mouth** was **near ruin**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes ruin”
10:14 u04u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְחִתָּ֥ה קְרֹבָֽה 1 Here Solomon speaks of what a **fool** says causes **ruin** as if that fool’s **mouth** was **near ruin**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes ruin”
10:15 ip06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑⁠וֹ 1 The phrase **city of his strength** is an idiom that refers to a **city** with walls that protect the people inside the **city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is a walled city” or “is a city with strong walls”
10:15 fd3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **wealth** enabling its owners to be safe as if it were a strong **city** that protects them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is his protection”
10:15 izlm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast מְחִתַּ֖ת דַּלִּ֣ים רֵישָֽׁ⁠ם 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the ruin of lowly ones is their poverty”\n
10:15 fd3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קִרְיַ֣ת עֻזּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here Solomon refers to **wealth** enabling its owners to be safe as if it were a strong **city** that protects them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is his protection”
10:15 izlm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast מְחִתַּ֖ת דַּלִּ֣ים רֵישָֽׁ⁠ם 1 This clause is in strong contrast to the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the ruin of lowly ones is their poverty”\n
10:15 wgyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּלִּ֣ים 1 The phrase **lowly ones** refers to poor people as if they were located in a place that is lower than that of people who are not poor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people who are poor”
10:15 xiq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רֵישָֽׁ⁠ם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **poverty** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
10:16 im19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּעֻלַּ֣ת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the reward that **the righteous one** receives as if it were a **wage** that someone pays. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The reward for”
10:16 im19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּעֻלַּ֣ת 1 Here Solomon speaks of the reward that **the righteous one** receives as if it were a **wage** that someone pays. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The reward for”
10:16 rya2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֣יק & רָשָׁ֣ע 1 The phrases **the righteous one** and **the wicked one** represent types of people in general, not one particular **righteous one** or **wicked one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any righteous person … any wicked person”
10:16 pxqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ⁠חַיִּ֑ים & לְ⁠חַטָּֽאת 1 In this verse, the phrase **is for** indicates that what follows is the result of what was previous stated. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “leads to life … leads to sin” or “results in life … results in sin”
10:16 y9vo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠חַיִּ֑ים 1 Here, **life** refers to a long **life**. If it would be helpful in your family, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is to a long life” “is to living a long time”
10:16 arpw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast תְּבוּאַ֖ת רָשָׁ֣ע לְ⁠חַטָּֽאת 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the income of the wicked one is to sin”
10:16 m318 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּבוּאַ֖ת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the recompense or punishment that **the wicked one** receives as if it were **income**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the recompense for”
10:16 m318 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּבוּאַ֖ת 1 Here Solomon speaks of the recompense or punishment that **the wicked one** receives as if it were **income**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the recompense for”
10:16 y0f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ⁠חַטָּֽאת 1 Here, **sin** could refer to: (1) the punishment that someone receives for **sin**, which is suggested by the contrasting parallelism between this clause and the previous clause. Alternate translation: “is for punishment for sin” (2) **sin** itself. Alternate translation: “is to sin more”
10:17 k6n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֹ֣רַח 1 See how you translated the same use of **path** in [8:20](../08/20.md).
10:17 whb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ֭⁠חַיִּים 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the result of keeping **instruction**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “that leads to life” or “that results in life”
10:17 uz9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסָ֑ר & תּוֹכַ֣חַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
10:17 st2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠עוֹזֵ֖ב 1 See how you translated the same use of “forsake” in [1:8](../01/08.md).
10:17 w1bh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַתְעֶֽה 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone deliberately doing wicked things that will result in that person’s destruction as if that person were wandering away from a road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will do what will result in that person’s destruction”
10:17 w1bh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַתְעֶֽה 1 Here Solomon refers to someone deliberately doing wicked things that will result in that person’s destruction as if that person were wandering away from a road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does what will result in that person’s destruction”
10:18 b97z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְכַסֶּ֣ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **covers** in [10:6](../10/06.md).
10:18 yvue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שִׂפְתֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “has false lips”
10:18 yvue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שִׂפְתֵי־שָׁ֑קֶר 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “has false lips”
10:18 d6bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵי 1 Here, **lips** refers to what people say by moving their **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “tells”
10:18 hrop rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ה֣וּא 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person”\n
10:19 zfsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠רֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים 1 Here, Solomon implies someone speaking **a multitude of words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When someone speaks a multitude of words”
10:19 zfsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠רֹ֣ב דְּ֭בָרִים 1 Here Solomon implies that someone is speaking **a multitude of words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When someone speaks a multitude of words”
10:19 gn9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פָּ֑שַׁע 1 See how you translated “transgressions” in [10:12](../10/12.md).
10:19 zc3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֣א יֶחְדַּל 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, forsake. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “continues”\n
10:19 bemw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠חֹשֵׂ֖ךְ שְׂפָתָ֣י⁠ו 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to someone who stops himself from speaking. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who keeps his mouth shut” or “but one who prevents himself from speaking”
10:20 f3ev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֶּ֣סֶף נִ֭בְחָר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the value of what righteous people say as if it were the best quality **silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Extremely valuable” or “Like choice silver”
10:20 f3ev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֶּ֣סֶף נִ֭בְחָר 1 Here Solomon speaks of the value of what righteous people say as if it were the best quality **silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Extremely valuable” or “Like choice silver”
10:20 h1pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְשׁ֣וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
10:20 hqr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְשׁ֣וֹן צַדִּ֑יק 1 See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
10:20 j8nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast לֵ֖ב רְשָׁעִ֣ים כִּ⁠מְעָֽט 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the heart of the wicked ones is like little”
@ -1159,158 +1157,158 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
10:20 np2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּ⁠מְעָֽט 1 Here, **like little** refers to having **little** value. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “has little value” or “is not valuable”
10:21 h4rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵ֣י 1 Here, **lips** refers to what people say by moving their **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The sayings of”
10:21 zs7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:16](../10/16.md).
10:21 kp6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִרְע֣וּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of what **righteous** people say benefitting people as if it were shepherding them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “help”
10:21 kp6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִרְע֣וּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of what **righteous** people say benefitting people as if their words were shepherding the hearers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “help”
10:21 p2vv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result בַּ⁠חֲסַר־לֵ֥ב יָמֽוּתוּ 1 Here, **by** indicates that what follows is the reason why **fools die**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “die as a result of lacking heart”
10:21 hxdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֥ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [6:32](../06/32.md).
10:22 es92 וְ⁠לֹֽא־יוֹסִ֖ף עֶ֣צֶב עִמָּֽ⁠הּ 1 The word translated as **pain** can also mean “toil.” Some scholars think this word is the subject of the phrase **does not add**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. Alternate translation: “and toil does not add to it” or “and hard work does not add more riches to it”
10:23 ipb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּ⁠שְׂח֣וֹק לִ֭⁠כְסִיל עֲשׂ֣וֹת זִמָּ֑ה 1 Solomon is saying that **doing a wicked plan** is like **laughter** because **a stupid one** enjoys it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Doing a wicked plan is as fun as laughing for a stupid one”
10:22 es92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants וְ⁠לֹֽא־יוֹסִ֖ף עֶ֣צֶב עִמָּֽ⁠הּ 1 The word translated as **pain** can also mean “toil.” Some scholars think this word is the subject of the phrase **does not add**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. Alternate translation: “and toil does not add to it” or “and hard work does not add more riches to it”
10:23 ipb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כִּ⁠שְׂח֣וֹק לִ֭⁠כְסִיל עֲשׂ֣וֹת זִמָּ֑ה 1 Solomon is saying that **doing a wicked plan** is like **laughter** because **a stupid one** enjoys it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Doing a wicked plan is as much fun as laughing for a stupid one”
10:23 s120 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝⁠חָכְמָ֗ה לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but wisdom is like laughter for a man of understanding”\n
10:23 xso2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠חָכְמָ֗ה & תְּבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
10:23 a7he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Although **man** is masculine, here it refers to any person with **understanding**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for a person of understanding”\n
10:23 l951 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **understanding**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “for an understanding man” or “for a person who has understanding”
10:24 xai5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְגוֹרַ֣ת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **terror**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what terrifies”
10:23 l951 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **understanding**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “for an understanding man” or “for a person who has understanding”
10:24 xai5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְגוֹרַ֣ת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **terror**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “That which terrifies”
10:24 vsxc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֭שָׁע הִ֣יא תְבוֹאֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 In this verse, **the wicked one** and **him** refer to **wicked** people in general. See how you translated **the wicked one** in [3:33](../03/33.md). Alternate translation: “any wicked person, it will come to that person”
10:24 qvlu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הִ֣יא תְבוֹאֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone experiencing **terror** as if **terror** were a person who could **come** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will happen to him”
10:24 qvlu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הִ֣יא תְבוֹאֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Here Solomon speaks of someone experiencing **terror** as if **terror** were a living thing that could **come** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will happen to him”
10:24 o37f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִתֵּֽן 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will be given to them”
10:24 t4gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִתֵּֽן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh will do the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give”
10:25 ba1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כַּ⁠עֲב֣וֹר ס֭וּפָה 1 This could refer to: (1) any destructive event. Alternate translation: “At the occurring of a disaster” or “When a disaster occurs” (2) a storm. Alternate translation: “When a storm occurs”
10:25 ci43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וְ⁠אֵ֣ין רָשָׁ֑ע 1 The word translated **and** here indicates that the event it introduces took place at the same time as the event stated in the previous clause. Use a natural form in your language for introducing an event that happened at the same time as another event. Alternate translation: “at that time there is no wicked one”
10:25 fhvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ין רָשָׁ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon implies that the **whirlwind** blew away every **wicked one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and there is no wicked one because the whirlwind blew them away”
10:25 fhvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אֵ֣ין רָשָׁ֑ע 1 Here Solomon implies that the **whirlwind** blew away every **wicked one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and there is no wicked one because the whirlwind blew them away”
10:25 lf8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝⁠צַדִּ֗יק 1 Solomon is speaking of **righteous** people in general, not of one particular **righteous** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “but any righteous person”
10:25 v58h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְס֣וֹד עוֹלָֽם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a righteous one** being able to endure disasters as if that person were the **foundation** of a building that storms do not damage. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “endures to eternity” or “remains forever”
10:25 a7e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יְס֣וֹד עוֹלָֽם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **foundation** that lasts to **eternity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is an eternal foundation” or “is a foundation that lasts to eternity”
10:25 v58h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְס֣וֹד עוֹלָֽם 1 Here Solomon refers to **a righteous one** being able to endure disasters as if that person were the **foundation** of a building that storms do not damage. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “endures to eternity” or “remains forever”
10:25 a7e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יְס֣וֹד עוֹלָֽם 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **foundation** that lasts to **eternity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is an eternal foundation” or “is a foundation that lasts to eternity”
10:26 fk5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּ⁠חֹ֤מֶץ ׀ לַ⁠שִּׁנַּ֗יִם וְ⁠כֶ⁠עָשָׁ֥ן לָ⁠עֵינָ֑יִם 1 Solomon is saying that **the lazy one** is like **vinegar to the teeth and smoke to the eyes** because **vinegar** irritates **teeth** and **smoke** irritates **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Like vinegar is irritating to teeth and smoke is irritating to eyes”
10:26 i1xh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הֶ֝⁠עָצֵ֗ל לְ⁠שֹׁלְחָֽי⁠ו 1 In this verse, **the lazy one** and **him** refer to **lazy** people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “is any lazy person to one who sends that person”
10:26 t15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠שֹׁלְחָֽי⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon implies that **the lazy one** was sent to do some errand for the person who sent him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to one who sends him to do an errand”
10:26 t15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠שֹׁלְחָֽי⁠ו 1 Here Solomon implies that **the lazy one** was sent to do some errand for the person who sent him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to one who sends him to do an errand”
10:27 rv8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated the **fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).\n
10:27 s8vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **fear of Yahweh** as if it could **add days** to a person’s life. He means that fearing **Yahweh** will enable a person to live a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in days being added”\n
10:27 ubhw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon implies that **days** are added to the length of a person’s life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will add days to the length of a person’s life”
10:27 qdwt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠שְׁנ֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon uses **years** to refer to the length of time that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the lifetimes of the wicked ones”
10:28 pds2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת & שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **hope** and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “What is hoped by … what is joyful”
10:27 s8vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים 1 Here Solomon speaks of the **fear of Yahweh** as if it could **add days** to a person’s life. He means that fearing **Yahweh** will enable a person to live a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in days being added”\n
10:27 ubhw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תּוֹסִ֣יף יָמִ֑ים 1 Here Solomon implies that **days** are added to the length of a person’s life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will add days to the length of a person’s life”
10:27 qdwt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠שְׁנ֖וֹת רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 Here Solomon uses **years** to refer to the length of time that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the lifetimes of the wicked ones”
10:28 pds2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹחֶ֣לֶת & שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **hope** and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “What is hoped by … is what is joyful”
10:28 rrjz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 This could mean: (1) the **hope** results in **joy**. Alternate translation: “results in joy” (2) **joy** is what **the righteous ones** hope for, as in the ULT.
10:28 zqr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠תִקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the wicked ones** having unfulfilled expectations as if their **expectation** **will perish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the expectation of the wicked ones will remain unfulfilled”
10:29 gey1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָע֣וֹז 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the way of Yahweh** protecting people as if it were a **stronghold**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Protection”
10:28 zqr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠תִקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד 1 Here Solomon speaks of **the wicked ones** having unfulfilled expectations as if their **expectation will perish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the expectation of the wicked ones will remain unfulfilled”
10:29 gey1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָע֣וֹז 1 Here Solomon refers to **the way of Yahweh** protecting people as if it were a **stronghold**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Protection”
10:29 xa49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַ֭⁠תֹּם & אָֽוֶן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **iniquity** in [6:12](../06/12.md).
10:29 m9nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **way** refers to what **Yahweh** does or his behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what Yahweh does” or “is the behavior of Yahweh”
10:29 m9nr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **way** refers to what **Yahweh** does, or his behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what Yahweh does” or “is the behavior of Yahweh”
10:29 e60k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מְחִתָּ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but the way of Yahweh is ruin”
10:30 url1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֣יק 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [9:9](../09/09.md).
10:30 ub25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes בַּל־יִמּ֑וֹט 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will be secure”
10:30 fpnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָֽרֶץ 1 See how you translated the same use of **the land** in [2:21](../02/21.md).
10:31 f7hy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּֽי־צַ֭דִּיק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:11](../10/11.md).
10:31 h789 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָנ֣וּב חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **righteous** person saying wise things as if **wisdom** were a **fruit** that a plant **bears**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “speaks wisdom” or “speaks wisdom like a plant bears fruit”
10:31 h789 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָנ֣וּב חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here Solomon refers to a **righteous** person saying wise things as if **wisdom** were a **fruit** that a plant **bears**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “speaks wisdom” or “speaks wisdom like a plant bears fruit”
10:31 amx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠לְשׁ֥וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
10:31 p9y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּכָּרֵֽת 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh will do the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cut off”
10:31 s2vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole תִּכָּרֵֽת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **the perverse ones** not being permitted to speak as if someone **cut off** their tongues. He does not mean that someone would literally **cut off** their tongues. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not be allowed to speak” or “will be stopped”
10:31 s2vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole תִּכָּרֵֽת 1 Here Solomon speaks of **the perverse ones** not being permitted to speak as if someone **cut off** their tongues. He does not mean that someone would literally **cut off** their tongues. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not be allowed to speak” or “will be stopped”
10:32 y79y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵ֣י צַ֭דִּיק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:21](../10/21.md).
10:32 gn3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יֵדְע֣וּ⁠ן רָצ֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a **righteous** person saying pleasing things as if that person’s **lips** were people who **know favor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “express favor”
10:32 bx51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָצ֑וֹן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
10:32 scfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but the mouth of the wicked ones knows perverse things” or “but the mouth of the wicked ones expresses perverse things”
10:32 scfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but the mouth of the wicked ones speaks perverse things” or “but the mouth of the wicked ones expresses perverse things”
10:32 ay8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:6](../10/06.md).
11:intro uk6v 0 # Proverbs 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [11:7](../11/07.md), [10](../11/10.md), [22](../11/22.md), [25](../11/25.md), and [11:29–31](../11/29.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
11:intro uk6v 0 # Proverbs 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [11:7](../11/07.md), [10](../11/10.md), [22](../11/22.md), [25](../11/25.md), and [11:29–31](../11/29.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
11:1 nux3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֹאזְנֵ֣י & וְ⁠אֶ֖בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֣ה 1 Solomon does not mean that **Yahweh** actually hates these **Scales** or has **delight** in this **whole stone**. Rather, he means that **Yahweh** hates people using these **Scales** and has **delight** in people using **a whole stone**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The use of scales of … but the use of a whole stone”
11:1 wl8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭רְמָה 1 **Scales** describes an instrument for determining the weight of an object or comparing the weight of two objects. It consists of a central post with a crossbar from which two pans are hung. An object may be placed in one pan and known weights placed in the other pan until the crossbar remains level, meaning that both pans contain an equal weight. Or one object may be placed in one pan and a different object in the other pan; the pan that hangs lower contains the heavier object. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of weighing instrument, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a balancing scale of deceit” or “a weighing instrument of deceit”\n
11:1 qsoh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭רְמָה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **Scales** that are used for **deceit**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Scales used to deceive people” or “Scales people use to deceive others”
11:1 wl8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭רְמָה 1 **Scales** describes an instrument for determining the weight of an object or comparing the weight of two objects. It consists of a central post with a crossbar from which two pans are hung. An object may be placed in one pan and known weights placed in the other pan until the crossbar remains level, indicating that both pans contain an equal weight. Or one object may be placed in one pan and a different object in the other pan; the pan that hangs lower contains the heavier object. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of weighing instrument, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a balancing scale of deceit” or “a weighing instrument of deceit”\n
11:1 qsoh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֹאזְנֵ֣י מִ֭רְמָה 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **Scales** that are used for **deceit**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Scales used to deceive people” or “Scales people use to deceive others”
11:1 g3jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated **an abomination to Yahweh** in [3:32](../03/32.md).
11:1 pe2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אֶ֖בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֣ה 1 Here, **whole stone** refers to a **stone** people use as a weight on a pair of **Scales** that accurately weighs the **whole** amount that people expect it to weigh. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but an accurate weight” or “but a stone that weighs the correct weight”
11:1 pe2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אֶ֖בֶן שְׁלֵמָ֣ה 1 Here, **whole stone** refers to a **stone** people use as a weight on a pair of **Scales** that accurately weighs the **whole** amount that people expect it to weigh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but an accurate weight” or “but a stone that weighs the correct weight”
11:1 x8n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רְצוֹנֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **delight** in [8:30](../08/30.md).
11:2 fofi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בָּֽא־זָ֭דוֹן וַ⁠יָּבֹ֣א קָל֑וֹן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person acting with **presumptuousness** and experiencing **disgrace** as if **presumptuousness** and **disgrace** were people who come to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When someone acts with presumptuousness then that person experiences disgrace”\n
11:2 fofi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בָּֽא־זָ֭דוֹן וַ⁠יָּבֹ֣א קָל֑וֹן 1 Here Solomon speaks of a person acting with **presumptuousness** and experiencing **disgrace** as if **presumptuousness** and **disgrace** were living things that come to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When someone acts with presumptuousness, then that person experiences disgrace”\n
11:2 zylz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns זָ֭דוֹן 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **presumptuousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being presumptuous”
11:2 xgro rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential וַ⁠יָּבֹ֣א קָל֑וֹן 1 The word translated **then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the even described in the previous phrase. Use a natural form in your language for introducing the next event in a sequence of events. Alternate translation: “disgrace comes afterward”
11:2 xgro rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential וַ⁠יָּבֹ֣א קָל֑וֹן 1 The word translated **then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the event described in the previous phrase. Use a natural form in your language for introducing the next event in a sequence of events. Alternate translation: “disgrace comes afterward”
11:2 n8ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קָל֑וֹן & חָכְמָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **disgrace** in [6:33](../06/33.md) and **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
11:3 bg97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תֻּמַּ֣ת יְשָׁרִ֣ים תַּנְחֵ֑⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **integrity** as if it were a person who could **guide** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “When upright ones act with integrity, doing so will enable them to know what to do” or “The integrity of the upright ones is like a guide for them”
11:3 bg97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תֻּמַּ֣ת יְשָׁרִ֣ים תַּנְחֵ֑⁠ם 1 Here Solomon speaks of **integrity** as if it were a living thing that could **guide** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “When upright ones act with integrity, doing so will enable them to know what to do” or “The integrity of the upright ones is like a guide for them”
11:3 rj24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תֻּמַּ֣ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
11:3 k9jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠סֶ֖לֶף בּוֹגְדִ֣ים יְשָׁדֵּֽם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **crookedness** as if it were a person who could **destroy** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “but when treacherous ones act with crookedness, doing so will destroy them” or “but the crookedness of the treacherous ones is like a person who destroys them”
11:3 k9jr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠סֶ֖לֶף בּוֹגְדִ֣ים יְשָׁדֵּֽם 1 Here Solomon speaks of **crookedness** as if it were a living thing that could **destroy** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “but when treacherous ones act with crookedness, doing so will destroy them” or “but the crookedness of the treacherous ones is like a person who destroys them”
11:3 cq7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠סֶ֖לֶף 1 See how you translated a similar use of “crooked” in [2:15](../02/15.md).
11:4 wqkk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹא־יוֹעִ֣יל ה֭וֹן בְּ⁠י֣וֹם עֶבְרָ֑ה וּ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages both of these clauses would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Wealth will not profit you in the day of rage, but righteousness will deliver you from death” or “Wealth will not profit people in the day of rage, but righteousness will deliver people from death”
11:4 sgq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יוֹעִ֣יל 1 See how you translated the same use of **profit** in [3:14](../03/14.md).
11:4 r538 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠י֣וֹם עֶבְרָ֑ה 1 Here, **the day of rage** refers to a time when God will judge wicked people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the day of Yahweh’s judgment”
11:4 fc86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **righteousness** enabling a person to escape **death** as if it were a person who could **deliver** that person **from death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but righteousness will enable someone to be delivered from death” or “but righteousness is like someone who delivers a person from death”
11:4 fc86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וּ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 Here Solomon speaks of **righteousness** enabling a person to escape **death** as if ""righteousness** were a living thing that could **deliver** that person **from death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but righteousness will enable someone to be delivered from death” or “but righteousness is like someone who delivers a person from death”
11:4 zlmx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠צְדָקָ֗ה & מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
11:5 lc4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צִדְקַ֣ת & וּ֝⁠בְ⁠רִשְׁעָת֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md).
11:5 ytaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun תָּ֭מִים 1 The phrase **a blameless one** represents **blameless** people in general, not one particular **blameless one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any blameless person”
11:5 aqrm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תָּ֭מִים 1 Here, **a blameless one** refers to someone whom Yahweh does not blame for acting wickedly. See how you translated the same use of “blameless ones” in [2:21](../02/21.md).
11:5 d5mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּיַשֵּׁ֣ר דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to enabling someone to know what that person should do as making that person’s **way straight**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar idea in [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “will cause that person to know what to do”
11:5 d5mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְּיַשֵּׁ֣ר דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here Solomon refers to enabling someone to know what that person should do as making that person’s **way straight**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar idea in [3:6](../03/06.md). Alternate translation: “will cause that person to know what to do”
11:5 lmxk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָשָֽׁע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:5 vhe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפֹּ֥ל 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone experiencing disaster as if that person were falling down. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience disaster”
11:5 vhe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפֹּ֥ל 1 Here Solomon speaks of someone experiencing disaster as if that person were falling down. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience disaster”
11:6 v49j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צִדְקַ֣ת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **righteousness** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
11:6 av1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification צִדְקַ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תַּצִּילֵ֑⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **righteousness** enabling a person to escape something as if it were a person who could **deliver** that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated a similar expression in [11:4](../11/04.md). Alternate translation: “The righteousness of the upright ones will enable them to be delivered” or “The righteousness of the upright ones is like someone who delivers them”
11:6 av1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification צִדְקַ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תַּצִּילֵ֑⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **righteousness** enabling a person to escape something as if **righteousness** were a person who could **deliver** that person from harm. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated a similar expression in [11:4](../11/04.md). Alternate translation: “The righteousness of the upright ones will enable them to be delivered” or “The righteousness of the upright ones is like someone who delivers them”
11:6 koj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יִלָּכֵֽדוּ 1 The pronoun **they** here refers to **the treacherous ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those treacherous ones will be captured”
11:6 b5vy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִלָּכֵֽדוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will capture them”
11:7 zn33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠מ֤וֹת אָדָ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When a wicked man dies”
11:7 jaln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a wicked person”
11:7 snm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תֹּאבַ֣ד & אָבָֽדָה 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **expectation** and **hope** remaining unfulfilled as if they were people who could **perish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “will remain unfulfilled … remains unfulfilled” or “will be like someone who perishes … is like someone who perishes”
11:7 snm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תֹּאבַ֣ד & אָבָֽדָה 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **expectation** and **hope** remaining unfulfilled as if they were living things that could **perish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “will remain unfulfilled … remains unfulfilled” or “will be like someone who perishes … is like someone who perishes”
11:7 dz8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠תוֹחֶ֖לֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **hope** in [10:28](../10/28.md).
11:7 modb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אוֹנִ֣ים 1 Here, **strong ones** could refer to: (1) people who rely on their own strength to get what they hope for. Alternate translation: “those who rely on their own strength” (2) people who rely on their wealth to get what they hope for. Alternate translation: “those who rely on their wealth”
11:8 rh97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק & רָשָׁ֣ע 1 See how you translated **A righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md) and **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:8 q5ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor צַ֭דִּיק מִ⁠צָּרָ֣ה נֶחֱלָ֑ץ וַ⁠יָּבֹ֖א רָשָׁ֣ע תַּחְתָּֽי⁠ו 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of avoiding and experience **distress** as if **distress** were a place that someone could be **drawn away from** or enter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A righteous one is prevented from experiencing distress, but a wicked one experiences it instead of him”
11:8 q5ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor צַ֭דִּיק מִ⁠צָּרָ֣ה נֶחֱלָ֑ץ וַ⁠יָּבֹ֖א רָשָׁ֣ע תַּחְתָּֽי⁠ו 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of avoiding and experiencing **distress** as if **distress** were a place that someone could be **drawn away from** or enter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A righteous one is prevented from experiencing distress, but a wicked one experiences distress instead of him”
11:8 z4am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive צַ֭דִּיק & נֶחֱלָ֑ץ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh does the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh draws away a righteous one”
11:8 dt68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠צָּרָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **distress** in [1:27](../01/27.md).
11:8 u873 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וַ⁠יָּבֹ֖א רָשָׁ֣ע 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a wicked one enters distress”
11:9 r7vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠פֶ֗ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
11:9 ekbj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָ֭נֵף 1 The phrase **a godless one** represents **godless** people in general, not one particular **godless one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any godless person”
11:9 d00a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָ֭נֵף 1 Here, **a godless one** refers to any person who rebels against God or behaves as if God does not exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person who rebels against God”
11:9 d00a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָ֭נֵף 1 Here, **a godless one** refers to any person who rebels against God or behaves as if God did not exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person who rebels against God”
11:9 p5y0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s neighbor”
11:9 p5mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠בְ⁠דַ֗עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
11:9 cyae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ֝⁠בְ⁠דַ֗עַת צַדִּיקִ֥ים יֵחָלֵֽצוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but knowledge will deliver righteous ones”
11:10 f28a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠ט֣וּב צַ֭דִּיקִים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the good** things that happen to **the righteous ones**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In the good things that happen to righteous ones” or “When good things happen to the righteous ones”
11:10 f28a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠ט֣וּב צַ֭דִּיקִים 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the good** things that happen to **the righteous ones**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In the good things that happen to righteous ones,” or “When good things happen to the righteous ones,”
11:10 hkq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תַּעֲלֹ֣ץ קִרְיָ֑ה 1 Here, **city** refers to the people who live in a **city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of a city exult”
11:10 mdln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בַ⁠אֲבֹ֖ד רְשָׁעִ֣ים רִנָּֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and when wicked ones perish, there is a shout of joy” or “and when wicked ones perish, a city gives a shout of joy”
11:11 mx3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בְּ⁠בִרְכַּ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים תָּר֣וּם קָ֑רֶת וּ⁠בְ⁠פִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תֵּהָרֵֽס 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The blessing of the upright ones raises up a city, but the mouth of the wicked ones tears down a city”
11:11 eeiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠בִרְכַּ֣ת יְ֭שָׁרִים 1 Here, **the blessing of the upright ones** could refer to: (1) **the blessing** that **the upright ones** give to **a city**. Alternate translation: “With the blessing given by the upright ones” (2) **the blessing** that God gives **the upright ones**. Alternate translation: “With the blessing God gives the upright ones”
11:11 sim1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תָּר֣וּם קָ֑רֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a city** becoming great as if it were **raised up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a city is made great”
11:11 sim1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תָּר֣וּם קָ֑רֶת 1 Here Solomon refers to **a city** becoming great as if it were **raised up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a city is made great”
11:11 p4sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בְ⁠פִ֥י 1 See how you translated the same use of **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
11:11 d0z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תֵּהָרֵֽס 1 Here, Solomon uses **a city** being **torn down** to refer to it being destroyed, which could include tearing **down** its walls and buildings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a city is destroyed”
11:11 d0z9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תֵּהָרֵֽס 1 Here Solomon uses **a city** being **torn down** to refer to it being destroyed, which could include tearing **down** its walls and buildings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a city is destroyed”
11:12 z5t5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּז־לְ⁠רֵעֵ֥⁠הוּ 1 Contrasting this clause with the second clause indicates that Solomon is referring to someone who **despises his neighbor** by what he says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who vocally despises his neighbor” or “One who despises his neighbor in what he says”
11:12 l0yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לְ⁠רֵעֵ֥⁠הוּ & וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ תְּבוּנ֣וֹת 1 Although **he** and **man** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s neighbor … but a person of understanding”\n
11:12 dj0z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵ֑ב 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:32](../06/32.md).\n
11:12 wdiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ תְּבוּנ֣וֹת 1 See how you translated **a man of understanding** in [10:23](../10/23.md).
11:13 yb2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רָ֭כִיל 1 Here, Solomon is using the adjective **gossip** as a noun to mean “someone who gossips.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Someone who gossips”
11:13 en2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְגַלֶּה 1 Here, Solomon refers to revealing **secret** information as if that information were a hidden object that people were **uncovering**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaking about”
11:13 s2og rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠נֶאֱמַן־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe someone who is characterized by being **faithful**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a faithful one”\n
11:13 yb2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רָ֭כִיל 1 Here Solomon is using the adjective **gossip** as a noun to mean “someone who gossips.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Someone who gossips”
11:13 en2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְגַלֶּה 1 Here Solomon refers to revealing **secret** information as if that information were a hidden object that people were **uncovering**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “revealing”
11:13 s2og rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠נֶאֱמַן־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe someone who is characterized by being **faithful**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a faithful one”\n
11:13 ot6x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְכַסֶּ֥ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **covers** in [10:6](../10/06.md).
11:14 xqvv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠אֵ֣ין תַּ֭חְבֻּלוֹת & וּ֝⁠תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּ⁠רֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **directions**, **salvation**, **abundance**, and **counsel**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **abundance** in [5:23](../05/23.md) and **counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md). Alternate translation: “When no one directs … but many people counseling someone will save that person”
11:14 tw7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns עָ֑ם 1 In this verse, the word **people** is singular in form, but it refers to multiple people as a group that could also be called a “nation” or “country.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “a group of people” or “a nation”
11:14 j012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפָּל 1 See how you translated the same use of “fall” in [11:5](../11/05.md).
11:14 a9wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּ⁠רֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of **salvation** as if it were an object that could be found **in an abundance of counsel**. He means that **an abundance of counsel** can result in **salvation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but salvation is the result of an abundance of counsel”
11:14 a9wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠תְשׁוּעָ֗ה בְּ⁠רֹ֣ב יוֹעֵֽץ 1 Here Solomon is speaking of **salvation** as if it were an object that could be found **in an abundance of counsel**. He means that **an abundance of counsel** can result in **salvation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but salvation is the result of an abundance of counsel”
11:15 ir1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations עָ֣רַב 1 Although the term **he** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one pledged for” or “that person pledges for”
11:15 j2ce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָ֣רַב 1 See how you translated the same use of “pledge” in [6:1](../06/01.md).
11:15 z46f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction תֹקְעִ֣ים 1 The function of this action in this culture was to confirm a contractual agreement with someone. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase “clasp your palms” in [6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “shaking hands to confirm an agreement” or “confirming an agreement”\n
11:15 z46f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction תֹקְעִ֣ים 1 The function of this action in this culture was to confirm a contractual agreement between people. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase “clasp your palms” in [6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “shaking hands to confirm an agreement” or “confirming an agreement”\n
11:16 uqha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֵֽשֶׁת־חֵ֭ן 1 Here, **woman** refers to a type of **woman** in general, not one particular **woman**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any woman of grace”
11:16 bvh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵֽשֶׁת־חֵ֭ן 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **woman** who is characterized by **grace**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A woman who is gracious”
11:16 qm22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּתְמֹ֣ךְ & יִתְמְכוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people obtaining **honor** and **riches** as if they were objects that someone could **grasp**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will obtain … will obtain”
11:16 bvh9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵֽשֶׁת־חֵ֭ן 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **woman** who is characterized by **grace**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A woman who is gracious”
11:16 qm22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּתְמֹ֣ךְ & יִתְמְכוּ 1 Here Solomon speaks of people obtaining **honor** and **riches** as if they were objects that someone could **grasp**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will obtain … will obtain”
11:16 h7rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כָּב֑וֹד 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md).
11:16 ojz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתְמְכוּ־עֹֽשֶׁר 1 Solomon contrasts this clause from the previous clause in order to imply that **riches** are not as important as **honor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will merely grasp riches”
11:16 ojz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתְמְכוּ־עֹֽשֶׁר 1 Solomon contrasts this clause with the previous clause in order to imply that **riches** are not as important as **honor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will merely grasp riches”
11:17 du8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations גֹּמֵ֣ל נַ֭פְשׁ⁠וֹ אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑סֶד & שְׁ֝אֵר֗⁠וֹ 1 Although **man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “A person of covenant faithfulness deals fully with that person’s soul … that person’s flesh”
11:17 b60p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑סֶד 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **covenant faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A man who has covenant faithfulness”
11:17 b60p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אִ֣ישׁ חָ֑סֶד 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **covenant faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A man who has covenant faithfulness”
11:17 dxp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom גֹּמֵ֣ל 1 Here, the phrase **deals fully** refers to rewarding or benefiting someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “rewards”
11:17 acrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁ⁠וֹ & שְׁ֝אֵר֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **soul** and **flesh** refer to people who have a **soul** and **flesh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.\n
11:17 acrd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁ⁠וֹ & שְׁ֝אֵר֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **soul** and **flesh** refer to people, who have a **soul** and **flesh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.\n
11:17 ehrk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אַכְזָרִֽי 1 The phrase **a cruel one** represents cruel people in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any cruel person”
11:18 c37s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָשָׁ֗ע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:18 fjg0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פְעֻלַּת־שָׁ֑קֶר & שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת 1 In this verse, Solomon is using possessive forms to describe a **wage** that is characterized by **falsehood** and to describe a **wage** that is characterized by **truth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use different expressions. Alternate translation: “a false wage … a true wage”
11:18 k8u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְעֻלַּת־שָׁ֑קֶר & שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of results or rewards as if they were a **wage** someone receives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a false reward … a true reward”
11:18 rfix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠זֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “makes a wage of truth”\n
11:18 imr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠זֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to doing righteous deeds as if one were sowing seeds in a field. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who does righteous deeds”
11:18 imr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠זֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה 1 Here Solomon refers to doing righteous deeds as if one were sowing seeds in a field. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who does righteous deeds”
11:19 ibb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כֵּן־צְדָקָ֥ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Pursuing veritable righteousness” or “Behaving with veritable righteousness”\n
11:19 w39m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ⁠חַיִּ֑ים & לְ⁠מוֹתֽ⁠וֹ 1 In this verse, **is to** indicates that what follows is the result of the preceding phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “leads to life … leads him to death”\n
11:19 w39m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ⁠חַיִּ֑ים & לְ⁠מוֹתֽ⁠וֹ 1 In this verse, **is to** indicates that what follows is the result of the preceding phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “leads to life … leads him to his death”\n
11:19 s86d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
11:19 un2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מְרַדֵּ֖ף רָעָ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone who eagerly does **evil** as if that person were pursuing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who eagerly does evil”
11:19 un2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מְרַדֵּ֖ף רָעָ֣ה 1 Here Solomon refers to someone who eagerly does **evil** as if that person were pursuing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who eagerly does evil”
11:19 ey2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠מוֹתֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
11:20 r5lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:32](../03/32.md).
11:20 rvki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִקְּשֵׁי 1 See how you translated the same use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md).
11:20 vxth rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֑ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
11:20 spnb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠רְצוֹנ֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **delight** in [8:30](../08/30.md).
11:20 rrdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תְּמִ֣ימֵי דָֽרֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by being **blameless**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is those whose way is blameless”
11:20 rrdd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תְּמִ֣ימֵי דָֽרֶךְ 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by being **blameless**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is those whose way is blameless”
11:20 p8r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָֽרֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
11:21 gum3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָ֣ד לְ֭⁠יָד 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to something being certain. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As sure as the sun comes up” or “Assuredly”
11:21 kwnz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָּ֑ע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
11:21 gh2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־יִנָּ֣קֶה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:29](../06/29.md).
11:21 ckyd rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וְ⁠זֶ֖רַע 1 Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to all seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “but the seeds of”
11:21 kk9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠זֶ֖רַע 1 Here, Solomon refers to the descendants of **the righteous ones** as if they were **the seed** of a plant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the descendants of”\n
11:21 cqgr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִמְלָֽט 1 Here, Solomon implies **escape** from punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will escape punishment” or “will not be punished”
11:21 kk9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠זֶ֖רַע 1 Here Solomon refers to the descendants of **the righteous ones** as if they were **the seed** of a plant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the descendants of”\n
11:21 cqgr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִמְלָֽט 1 Here Solomon implies **escape** from punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will escape punishment” or “will not be punished”
11:22 qn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב בְּ⁠אַ֣ף חֲזִ֑יר אִשָּׁ֥ה יָ֝פָ֗ה וְ⁠סָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “A beautiful woman that turns away from discretion is a ring of gold in the nose of a pig”
11:22 y2me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב בְּ⁠אַ֣ף חֲזִ֑יר אִשָּׁ֥ה יָ֝פָ֗ה וְ⁠סָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of how inappropriate it is for a **beautiful woman** to not have **discretion** as if that **woman** were a **ring of gold** in a pig’s **nose**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “A beautiful woman that turns away from discretion is inappropriate, like a ring of gold in the nose of a pig”
11:22 lnjp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֲזִ֑יר 1 A **pig** is an animal that is considered to be unclean and disgusting by Jews and many cultures of the Ancient Near East. Therefore, it would be very inappropriate for a **pig** to have **a ring of gold** in its **nose**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of a similar disgusting animal in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a disgusting animal”\n
11:22 fe2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠סָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of refusing to act with **discretion** as if the person were turning **away** from it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that does not act with discretion”\n
11:22 y2me rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב בְּ⁠אַ֣ף חֲזִ֑יר אִשָּׁ֥ה יָ֝פָ֗ה וְ⁠סָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of how inappropriate it is for a **beautiful woman** not to have **discretion**. He speaks as if that **woman** were a **ring of gold** in a pig’s **nose**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “A beautiful woman that turns away from discretion is inappropriate, like a ring of gold in the nose of a pig”
11:22 lnjp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חֲזִ֑יר 1 A **pig** is an animal that is considered to be unclean and disgusting by Jews and many cultures of the Ancient Near East. It would be very inappropriate for a **pig** to have **a ring of gold** in its **nose**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of a disgusting animal in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a disgusting animal”\n
11:22 fe2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠סָ֣רַת טָֽעַם 1 Here Solomon speaks of refusing to act with **discretion** as if someone were turning **away** from it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that does not act with discretion”\n
11:22 utzq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns טָֽעַם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
11:23 rzak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּאֲוַ֣ת צַדִּיקִ֣ים אַךְ־ט֑וֹב תִּקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים עֶבְרָֽה 1 This verse could mean: (1) **The desire** of **righteous** people results in what is **good**, but **the expectation** of **wicked** people results in **rage**. Alternate translation: “The desire of the righteous ones leads only to good; the expectation of the wicked ones leads to rage” (2) **righteous** people **only desire** what is **good**, but **wicked** people expect anger. Alternate translation: “The righteous ones only desire good; the wicked ones expect rage”
11:23 bqva rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast תִּקְוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים עֶבְרָֽה 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “by contrast, the expectation of the wicked ones is rage”\n
@ -1322,18 +1320,18 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
11:24 x97i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠חוֹשֵׂ֥ךְ מִ֝⁠יֹּ֗שֶׁר 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. The context is about a person not sharing what they have with others. Alternate translation: “but one who withholds from those in need more of what he has than is right”
11:24 p1q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אַךְ־לְ⁠מַחְסֽוֹר 1 Here, **for** introduces the result of what was stated earlier in the clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a result. Alternate translation: “will only lack as a result”
11:25 xagi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֶֽפֶשׁ & וּ֝⁠מַרְוֶ֗ה & ה֥וּא 1 In this verse, **A life**, **the one**, and **he** refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any life of … and any person who drenches, that person”
11:25 q9vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֶֽפֶשׁ־בְּרָכָ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **life** that is characterized by **blessing**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A life that blesses”
11:25 q9vb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession נֶֽפֶשׁ־בְּרָכָ֥ה 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **life** that is characterized by **blessing**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A life that blesses”
11:25 azqr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נֶֽפֶשׁ 1 Here, **life** refers to the person himself. See how you translated the same use of **life** in [8:36](../08/36.md).
11:25 isim rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרָכָ֥ה 1 Here, Solomon implies **blessing** other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “blessing other people”
11:25 isim rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרָכָ֥ה 1 Here Solomon implies that the **blessing** is given to other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “blessing other people”
11:25 lf1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תְדֻשָּׁ֑ן & יוֹרֶֽא 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh will do the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will fatten … Yahweh will drench”
11:25 xmj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְדֻשָּׁ֑ן 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person becoming prosperous as if they were **fattened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will become prosperous”
11:25 sglx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠מַרְוֶ֗ה גַּם־ה֥וּא יוֹרֶֽא 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone giving and receiving a generous amount of water as if that person were drenching others with water and being **drenched**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning carefully. Alternate translation: “and the one who freely gives water to others will also freely receive water”
11:25 xmj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְדֻשָּׁ֑ן 1 Here Solomon refers to a person becoming prosperous as if they were **fattened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will become prosperous”
11:25 sglx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠מַרְוֶ֗ה גַּם־ה֥וּא יוֹרֶֽא 1 Here Solomon refers to someone giving and receiving a generous amount of water as if that person were drenching others with water and being **drenched**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning carefully. Alternate translation: “and the one who freely gives water to others will also freely receive water”
11:26 eb69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֹ֣נֵֽעַ & יִקְּבֻ֣⁠הוּ & מַשְׁבִּֽיר 1 In this verse, **One**, **him**, and **the seller** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who withholds … will curse that person … any seller”
11:26 fuax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֹ֣נֵֽעַ בָּ֭ר 1 Here, Solomon implies that this person selfishly **withholds grain** in order to sell it later for a greater profit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who selfishly withholds grain”
11:26 fuax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֹ֣נֵֽעַ בָּ֭ר 1 Here Solomon implies that this person selfishly **withholds grain** in order to sell it later for a greater profit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “One who selfishly withholds grain from the sale of it”
11:26 h1qp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּ֝⁠בְרָכָ֗ה לְ⁠רֹ֣אשׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [10:6](../10/06.md).
11:26 dvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשְׁבִּֽיר 1 Here, Solomon implies that **the seller** sells **grain**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who sells grain”
11:27 gt1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁ֣חֵֽר & וְ⁠דֹרֵ֖שׁ & תְבוֹאֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 In this verse, **One who diligently seeks**, **one who search for**, and **him** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who diligently seeks … but any person who searches for … it will come to that person”
11:27 k983 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁ֣חֵֽר & וְ⁠דֹרֵ֖שׁ 1 In this verse, Solomon refers to people trying to do **good** and trying to do **evil** as if **good** and **evil** were objects that someone **seeks** or **searches for**. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who diligently tries to do good … but one who tries to do evil”
11:26 dvu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשְׁבִּֽיר 1 Here Solomon implies that **the seller** sells **grain**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who sells grain”
11:27 gt1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֹׁ֣חֵֽר & וְ⁠דֹרֵ֖שׁ & תְבוֹאֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 In this verse, **One who diligently seeks**, **one who searches for**, and **him** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who diligently seeks … but any person who searches for … it will come to that person”
11:27 k983 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁ֣חֵֽר & וְ⁠דֹרֵ֖שׁ 1 In this verse, Solomon refers to people trying to do **good** and trying to do **evil** as if **good** and **evil** were objects that someone **seeks** or **searches for**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who diligently tries to do good … but one who tries to do evil”
11:27 k6ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֭וֹב & רָצ֑וֹן & רָעָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **good**, **favor**, and **evil**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is good … to be favored … what is evil”
11:27 z1tk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ רָצ֑וֹן 1 Solomon implies that the one **who diligently seeks good** also **seeks favor** and receives it from Yahweh and other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “finds favor from Yahweh and people”
11:27 vzfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְבוֹאֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone experiencing **evil** as if **evil** were a person who could **come** to that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly Alternate translation: “he will experience it” or “it will happen to him”
@ -1341,13 +1339,13 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
11:28 kny5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ה֣וּא יִפֹּ֑ל 1 Solomon uses the word **himself** to emphasize who **will fall**. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this emphasis. Alternate translation: “that very person will fall”
11:28 q218 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ה֣וּא יִפֹּ֑ל 1 See how you translated the same use of **fall** in [11:5](../11/05.md).
11:28 p1e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ֝⁠כֶ⁠עָלֶ֗ה צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִפְרָֽחוּ 1 Solomon is saying that **righteous ones** are like **a leaf** that sprouts out of a plant because they prosper and thrive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “but righteous ones prosper like a leaf sprouts and grows”
11:28 mf6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠כֶ⁠עָלֶ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a green **leaf** that is growing, rather than a fallen or withered **leaf**. If it would be helpful in your language, or if you language uses different words for a fresh or withered **leaf**, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but like a healthy leaf”
11:28 mf6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠כֶ⁠עָלֶ֗ה 1 Here Solomon refers to a green **leaf** that is growing, rather than a fallen or withered **leaf**. If it would be helpful in your language, or if you language uses different words for a fresh or withered **leaf**, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but like a healthy leaf,”
11:29 qggj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עוֹכֵ֣ר בֵּ֭ית⁠וֹ 1 **One** and **his** in this verse refer to a type of person in general. They do not refer to a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who troubles that person’s own house”
11:29 f3z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֭ית⁠וֹ 1 Here, **house** represents the family who lives in **his house**. See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
11:29 p1pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחַל־ר֑וּחַ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **wind** as if it were property that someone could **inherit**. He means that someone **who troubles his house** will not **inherit** anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will inherit nothing”
11:29 p1pb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחַל־ר֑וּחַ 1 Here Solomon speaks of **wind** as if it were property that someone could **inherit**. He means that someone **who troubles his house** will not **inherit** anything. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will inherit nothing”
11:29 n7ak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לַ⁠חֲכַם־לֵֽב 1 See how you translated **wise of heart** in [10:8](../10/08.md).
11:30 q7ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פְּֽרִי־צַ֭דִּיק 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **fruit** that is produced by **the righteous one**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The fruit produced by the righteous one”
11:30 wt50 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּֽרִי 1 Here, Solomon refers to what **righteous** people do as if it were **fruit** that they produced. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The deeds of”
11:30 q7ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פְּֽרִי־צַ֭דִּיק 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **fruit** that is produced by **the righteous one**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The fruit produced by the righteous one”
11:30 wt50 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּֽרִי 1 Here Solomon refers to what **righteous** people do as if it were **fruit** that they produced. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The deeds of”
11:30 bcng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק & וְ⁠לֹקֵ֖חַ נְפָשׂ֣וֹת 1 In this verse, **the righteous one** and **the taker of souls** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:3](../10/03.md). Alternate translation: “any righteous person … and any person who takes souls”
11:30 hlz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵ֣ץ חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:18](../03/18.md).
11:30 azis rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants וְ⁠לֹקֵ֖חַ נְפָשׂ֣וֹת חָכָֽם 1 Some ancient translations translate this clause as “and the one who takes away lives is violent.” That would be indicating that this clause refers to violent people who kill others, which is in contrast with the type of person described in the previous clause. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT.\n
@ -1356,21 +1354,21 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
11:31 vmnq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַ֭דִּיק & רָשָׁ֥ע וְ⁠חוֹטֵֽא 1 In this verse, **a righteous one**, **a wicked one**, and **a sinner** refer to types of people in general. They do not refer to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **a righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md) and **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md). Alternate translation: “any righteous person … any wicked person and any sinner”
11:31 q0g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּ⁠אָ֣רֶץ 1 Here, **the land** refers to the earth in general. It does not refer to the land of Israel, as it does in [2:21–22](../02/21.md) and [10:30](../10/30.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the earth”
11:31 leti rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh will do the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will repay”
11:31 x6ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to people receiving what they deserve for their actions as if they were being **repaid** for what they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive what is due to them”
11:31 x6ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם 1 Here Solomon refers to people receiving what they deserve for their actions as if they were being **repaid** for what they have done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive what is due to them”
11:31 wlsw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־רָשָׁ֥ע וְ⁠חוֹטֵֽא 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much more will a wicked one and a sinner be repaid”
12:intro x2lg 0 # Proverbs 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [12:7](../12/07.md), [14](../12/14.md), [28](../12/28.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
12:intro x2lg 0 # Proverbs 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [12:7](../12/07.md), [14](../12/14.md), [28](../12/28.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
12:1 ktr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֭וּסָר & דָּ֑עַת & תוֹכַ֣חַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **correction** in [3:11](../03/11.md), **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md), and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
12:2 rz0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ט֗וֹב 1 **A good one** here does not refer to a specific person, but refers to this type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Any good person”\n
12:2 b11m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֭צוֹן 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
12:2 z6x0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “but a person of”\n
12:2 yy0n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ מְזִמּ֣וֹת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who makes **schemes**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a man who schemes”
12:2 yy0n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ מְזִמּ֣וֹת 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who makes **schemes**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a man who schemes”
12:3 jf61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֣ם 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A person”
12:3 nly2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־יִכּ֣וֹן & בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will not establish himself … nobody will shake”
12:3 h4n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יִכּ֣וֹן 1 Here, the word translated as **established** refers to having a stable and secure life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not be secure”
12:3 h4n3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יִכּ֣וֹן 1 Here the word translated as **established** refers to having a stable and secure life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not be made secure”
12:3 qpmv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠רֶ֑שַׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md).
12:3 md5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone’s life remaining secure as if that person’s security was a **root** that could **not be shaken**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the security of the righteous ones will not end” or “but the security of the righteous ones will remain”
12:4 n7wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **wife** that is characterized by **worth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A worthy wife”
12:4 wh4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת בַּעְלָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman causing her husband to be honored as if she were his **crown**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “is a sign of great honor for her husband” or “honors her husband as if she were his crown”
12:3 md5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שֹׁ֥רֶשׁ צַ֝דִּיקִ֗ים בַּל־יִמּֽוֹט 1 Here Solomon refers to someone’s life remaining secure as if that person’s security were a **root** that could **not be shaken**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the security of the righteous ones will not end” or “but the security of the righteous ones will remain”
12:4 n7wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **wife** that is characterized by **worth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A worthy wife”
12:4 wh4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת בַּעְלָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here Solomon refers to a woman causing her husband to be honored as if she were his **crown**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “is a sign of great honor for her husband” or “honors her husband as if she were his crown”
12:4 ced6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וּ⁠כְ⁠רָקָ֖ב בְּ⁠עַצְמוֹתָ֣י⁠ו מְבִישָֽׁה 1 Solomon is saying that a woman **who causes shame** for her husband is like **rottenness in his bones** because she gradually ruins his life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but she who causes shame is what makes his life miserable”
12:4 n1gd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠כְ⁠רָקָ֖ב בְּ⁠עַצְמוֹתָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, **rottenness** refers to a disease like cancer that slowly destroys a person’s body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like cancer in his bones”
12:4 bdlp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns בְּ⁠עַצְמוֹתָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, the pronoun **his** refers to the husband of the woman **who causes shame**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in her husband’s bones”
@ -1379,15 +1377,15 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
12:6 sw3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּבְרֵ֣י & וּ⁠פִ֥י 1 See how you translated the same use of **words** in [1:23](../01/23.md) and **mouth** in [10:11](../10/11.md).
12:6 n6s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֱרָב־דָּ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the wicked ones** saying things that will cause other people to die as if what they say is a person who waits to ambush someone on the road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated this phrase in [1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “result in people dying” or “are like someone who lies in wait to murder someone”
12:6 au1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יַצִּילֵֽ⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the upright ones** rescuing themselves from trouble through what they say as if what they say were a person who could **deliver them**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will result in them delivering themselves”
12:7 qw8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הָפ֣וֹךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word **overthrown** here refers to being ruined or destroyed. Alternate translation: “Wicked people experience destruction”
12:7 qw8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הָפ֣וֹךְ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word **overthrown** here refers to being ruined or destroyed. Alternate translation: “Wicked people experience destruction”
12:7 t5c3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בֵ֖ית 1 See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
12:7 krk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַעֲמֹֽד 1 Here, Solomon refers to the families of **the righteous ones** continuing to exist as if they were a **house** that would continue to **stand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will remain” or “will keep on existing”
12:7 krk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַעֲמֹֽד 1 Here Solomon refers to the families of **the righteous ones** continuing to exist as if they were a **house** that would continue to **stand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will remain” or “will keep on existing”
12:8 fxg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְֽ⁠פִי 1 **For the mouth of** is an idiom that means “According to.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In proportion to”
12:8 wa5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations שִׂ֭כְל⁠וֹ & אִ֑ישׁ 1 Although **his** and **man** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s insight that person”
12:8 z31b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שִׂ֭כְל⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
12:8 hfu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְהֻלַּל־אִ֑ישׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will praise that man”
12:8 hq69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נַעֲוֵה־לֵ֝֗ב 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of people who think wrongly as if they have a **twisted** **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who thinks wrongly”
12:8 eq1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִהְיֶ֥ה לָ⁠בֽוּז 1 Here, Solomon implies that people will have **contempt** for this type of person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be held in contempt” or “will be despised by people”
12:8 hfu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְהֻלַּל־אִ֑ישׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will praise that man”
12:8 hq69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נַעֲוֵה־לֵ֝֗ב 1 Here Solomon is speaking of people who think wrongly, as if they have a **twisted** **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who thinks wrongly”
12:8 eq1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִהְיֶ֥ה לָ⁠בֽוּז 1 Here Solomon implies that people will have **contempt** for this type of person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be held in contempt” or “will be despised by people”
12:9 k522 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִ֭קְלֶה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom others dishonor”
12:9 v47i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠עֶ֣בֶד ל֑⁠וֹ & וַ⁠חֲסַר־לָֽחֶם 1 In both of these phrases, **and** indicates that what follows is in contrast to what precedes it. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “but has a servant … but is lacking of bread”
12:9 d86j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָֽחֶם 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
@ -1398,29 +1396,29 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
12:11 wl9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָ֑חֶם 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
12:11 dd6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֹבֵ֣ד אַ֭דְמָת⁠וֹ 1 This phrase refers to a farmer who plants, cultivates, and harvests crops on **his ground**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or you could use a general expression for working hard. Alternate translation: “a farmer who cultivates his land” or “someone who works hard at their job”
12:11 xsga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אַ֭דְמָת⁠וֹ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s ground”
12:11 ipcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵיקִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon refers to worthless things that people do as if they were **empty** containers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “worthless activities”
12:11 ipcr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵיקִ֣ים 1 Here Solomon refers to worthless things that people do as if they were **empty** containers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “worthless activities”
12:11 a0v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲסַר־לֵֽב 1 See how you translated **lacking of heart** in [6:32](../06/32.md).
12:12 b6y1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֭שָׁע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:7](../09/07.md).
12:12 hy7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מְצ֣וֹד 1 Here, Solomon refers to what **the evil ones** catch in a **snare** as if it were the **snare** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the plunder of”
12:12 hy7e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מְצ֣וֹד 1 Here Solomon refers to what **the evil ones** catch in a **snare** as if it were the **snare** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the plunder of”
12:12 j853 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שֹׁ֖רֶשׁ צַדִּיקִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:3](../12/03.md).
12:12 npcz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתֵּֽן 1 Here, Solomon uses **give** to refer to producing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will produce fruit” or “will be productive”
12:13 rwf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠פֶ֣שַׁע שְׂ֭פָתַיִם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **transgression**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In the lips that speak transgression” or “In the lips that speak transgression”
12:12 npcz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִתֵּֽן 1 Here Solomon uses **give** to refer to producing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will produce fruit” or “will be productive”
12:13 rwf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠פֶ֣שַׁע שְׂ֭פָתַיִם 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **lips** that are characterized by **transgression**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In the lips that speak transgression”
12:13 fmze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂ֭פָתַיִם 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
12:13 ak1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to the disasters that **the evil one** experiences because of what he says as if it were a **snare** he was trapped in. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what destroys an evil one”
12:13 ak1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָ֑ע 1 Here Solomon refers to the disasters that **the evil one** experiences because of what he says as if it were a **snare** he was trapped in. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is what destroys an evil one”
12:13 dwqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רָ֑ע & צַדִּֽיק 1 See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md) and **the wicked one** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
12:13 s16y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֖א מִ⁠צָּרָ֣ה צַדִּֽיק 1 Here, Solomon refers to avoiding **distress** as if it were a place that one could **go out from**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one will avoid distress”
12:13 s16y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֖א מִ⁠צָּרָ֣ה צַדִּֽיק 1 Here Solomon refers to avoiding **distress** as if it were a place that one could **go out from**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one will avoid distress”
12:13 nuzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠צָּרָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **distress** in [1:27](../01/27.md).\n
12:14 owwa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a person says as if it were **fruit** that was produced by that person’s **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From what a man says”\n
12:14 owwa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ 1 Here Solomon refers to what a person says as if it were **fruit** that was produced by that person’s **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From what a man says”\n
12:14 vkix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֭ישׁ יִשְׂבַּע & אָ֝דָ֗ם יָשִׁ֥יב לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Although **a man**, **he**, and **him** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “a person will that person be satisfied with … a person will return to that person”
12:14 kaag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ יִשְׂבַּע־ט֑וֹב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The fruit of the mouth of a man will satisfy him with good”
12:14 kaag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י פִי־אִ֭ישׁ יִשְׂבַּע־ט֑וֹב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The fruit of the mouth of a man will satisfy that him with good”
12:14 mxho rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֑וֹב 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
12:14 z5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠גְמ֥וּל יְדֵי־אָ֝דָ֗ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to what a person accomplishes through physical labor as if it were the **accomplishment** of that person’s **hands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what a man accomplishes through physical labor”
12:14 xt3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָשִׁ֥יב לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the benefits that a person receives as a result of working hard as if that **accomplishment** were a person who could **return to him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will benefit him”
12:14 z5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠גְמ֥וּל יְדֵי־אָ֝דָ֗ם 1 Here Solomon refers to what a person accomplishes through physical labor as if it were the **accomplishment** of that person’s **hands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what a man accomplishes through physical labor”
12:14 xt3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָשִׁ֥יב לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here Solomon refers to the benefits that a person receives as a result of working hard as if that **accomplishment** were a person who could **return to him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will benefit him”
12:15 g1od rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
12:15 lr2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָשָׁ֣ר בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **eyes** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
12:15 wlp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠עֵצָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
12:16 xpnt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כַּעְס֑⁠וֹ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s anger”
12:16 ydmg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כַּעְס֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **anger**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when he is angry”
12:16 ydmg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כַּעְס֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **anger**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when he is angry,”
12:16 n8pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִוָּדַ֣ע 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people know”
12:16 gfvd בַּ֭⁠יּוֹם 1 Alternate translation: “on the same day” or “right away”
12:16 e5k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠כֹסֶ֖ה 1 See how you translated the same use of **covers** in [10:6](../10/06.md).\n
@ -1430,14 +1428,14 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
12:17 azjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֱ֭מוּנָה יַגִּ֣יד צֶ֑דֶק & שְׁקָרִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **faithfulness** and **righteousness**, **falsehoods**, and **deceit**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is faithful tells what is righteous … false things, what is deceitful”
12:17 r0fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠עֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים מִרְמָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a witness of falsehoods tells deceit”\n
12:17 mtnz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠עֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים 1 Although**a witness** here is singular, it refers to any **witness of falsehoods** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different form. Alternate translation: “but any witness of falsehoods”\n
12:17 n20u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠עֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** who speaks **falsehoods**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a witness who speaks falsehoods”
12:18 xuou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בּ֭וֹטֶה 1 Here, **one** refers to **one** type of person. It does not mean that there is only **one** person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a type of person who speaks thoughtlessly”\n
12:17 n20u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠עֵ֖ד שְׁקָרִ֣ים 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** who speaks **falsehoods**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a witness who speaks falsehoods”
12:18 xuou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בּ֭וֹטֶה 1 Here, **one** refers to a type of person. It does not mean that there is only **one** person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a type of person who speaks thoughtlessly”\n
12:18 k26n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠מַדְקְר֣וֹת חָ֑רֶב 1 Solomon is saying that what people who speak **thoughtlessly** say is **like the thrusts of a sword** because it hurts people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and hurt others as if he stabbed them with a sword”
12:18 keo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וּ⁠לְשׁ֖וֹן 1 The word **tongue** represents tongues in general, not one particular **tongue**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “but the tongues of”
12:18 gzdu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠לְשׁ֖וֹן 1 See how you translated the same use of **tongue** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
12:19 wm6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שְֽׂפַת 1 Here, the word **lip** represents lips in general, not one particular **lip**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Lips of”
12:19 vhel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְֽׂפַת 1 Here, **lip** refers to what people say by moving their lips. See how you translated the same use of “lips” in [10:18](../10/18.md).
12:19 dsad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְֽׂפַת־אֱ֭מֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **lip** that speaks **truth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A lip that speaks truth” or “True sayings”
12:19 dsad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְֽׂפַת־אֱ֭מֶת 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **lip** that speaks **truth**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A lip that speaks truth” or “True sayings”
12:19 r5ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּכּ֣וֹן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will exist”
12:19 rlc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָ⁠עַ֑ד 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **perpetuity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “perpetually”
12:19 opmz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠עַד־אַ֝רְגִּ֗יעָה לְשׁ֣וֹן שָֽׁקֶר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word in this clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a tongue of falsehood will be established for as long as I would blink” or “but a tongue of falsehood will exist for as long as I would blink”
@ -1445,7 +1443,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
12:19 e5v9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠עַד־אַ֝רְגִּ֗יעָה 1 The phrase **as long as I would blink** is an idiom that refers to a short amount of time, such as the time it takes to **blink** an eye. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but … in the blink of an eye” or “but … for a brief time”
12:20 xs9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ֭רְמָה & רָ֑ע & שָׁל֣וֹם שִׂמְחָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Deceit** in [11:1](../11/01.md), **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md), **joy** in [10:28](../10/28.md), and **peace** in [3:1](../03/01.md).
12:20 o3fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠לֶב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
12:20 l6zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּֽ⁠לְ⁠יֹעֲצֵ֖י שָׁל֣וֹם שִׂמְחָֽה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **advisers** who advise others to do what results in **peace**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but joy is for people who advise others to do what will result in peace”
12:20 l6zw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּֽ⁠לְ⁠יֹעֲצֵ֖י שָׁל֣וֹם שִׂמְחָֽה 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **advisers** who advise others to do what results in **peace**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but joy is for people who advise others to do what will result in peace”
12:21 d4zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אָ֑וֶן 1 Here, **iniquity** refers to harm that someone might experience as a result of **iniquity**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “harm”
12:21 m6wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־יְאֻנֶּ֣ה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will not allow to happen”
12:21 rfa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לַ⁠צַּדִּ֣יק 1 See how you translated **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
@ -1457,19 +1455,19 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
12:23 eeau rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָדָ֣ם עָ֭רוּם 1 Although **man** is masculine, here it refers to any **prudent** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “A prudent person”\n
12:23 qi9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כֹּ֣סֶה 1 See how you translated the same use of **covers** in [10:6](../10/06.md).\n
12:23 v32y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דָּ֑עַת & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
12:23 frtb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠לֵ֥ב כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the stupid ones”\n
12:23 frtb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠לֵ֥ב כְּ֝סִילִ֗ים 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the stupid one”\n
12:24 j53h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יַד־חָרוּצִ֥ים 1 See how you translated the same phrase in [10:4](../10/04.md).
12:24 ymw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ו֝⁠רְמִיָּ֗ה 1 Although **an idle one** here is singular, it refers to all **idle** people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any idle person”\n
12:25 qts2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דְּאָגָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **Concern**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “What is concerning”
12:25 qts2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דְּאָגָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **Concern**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “That which is concerning”
12:25 vuie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠לֶב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
12:25 bd10 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֣ישׁ 1 Although **man** is masculine, here it refers to any person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person”\n
12:25 n82f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַשְׁחֶ֑⁠נָּה 1 Here, Solomon refers to **Concern** making a person depressed as if it were something that **weighs down** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes the heart of a man to become sad”
12:25 z6n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠דָבָ֖ר ט֣וֹב 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **good word** to describe something kind that someone says by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but kind words that someone speaks”\n
12:25 n82f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַשְׁחֶ֑⁠נָּה 1 Here Solomon refers to **Concern** making a person depressed as if it were something that **weighs down** a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes the heart of a man to become sad”
12:25 z6n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠דָבָ֖ר ט֣וֹב 1 Here Solomon uses the phrase **good word** to describe something kind that someone says by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but a kind word that someone speaks”\n
12:26 ujm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֑יק 1 See how you translated this phrase in [9:9](../09/09.md).
12:26 aku2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָתֵ֣ר מֵ⁠רֵעֵ֣⁠הוּ 1 This could mean: (1) **A righteous one** guides **his neighbor**. Alternate translation: “guides his neighbor” (2) **A righteous one** carefully examines a person before choosing that person to be **his neighbor**. Alternate translation: “examines carefully whom he chooses to be his neighbor”
12:26 dh4u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מֵ⁠רֵעֵ֣⁠הוּ 1 Although the term **his** is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “from that person’s neighbor”\n
12:26 d18w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים 1 See how you translated **the way of the wicked ones** in [4:19](../04/19.md).
12:26 mr1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תַּתְעֵֽ⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **wicked ones** deliberately doing wicked things that will result in their destruction as if their behavior is a person who leads them **astray**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar meaning for **astray** in [10:17](../10/17.md). Alternate translation: “will cause them to do what will result in their destruction”\n
12:26 mr1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תַּתְעֵֽ⁠ם 1 Here Solomon refers to **wicked ones** deliberately doing wicked things that will result in their destruction as if their behavior is a person who leads them **astray**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar meaning for **astray** in [10:17](../10/17.md). Alternate translation: “will cause them to do what will result in their destruction”\n
12:27 t7lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun רְמִיָּ֣ה 1 **A negligent one** here does not refer to a specific person, but refers to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any negligent one”\n
12:27 gdt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־יַחֲרֹ֣ךְ & צֵיד֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, **game** refers to animals that someone has hunted and killed in order to eat their meat. And **roast** refers to cooking food over a fire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not use fire to cook the meat from the animals he has hunted”
12:27 nepd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠הוֹן־אָדָ֖ם יָקָ֣ר חָרֽוּץ 1 This could mean: (1) **a diligent one** will acquire **precious** **wealth**. Alternate translation: “but a diligent one will acquire precious wealth” (2) **a diligent one** considers his **wealth** to be **precious**. Alternate translation: “but a diligent one’s wealth is precious to him”
@ -1478,10 +1476,10 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
12:28 wiv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה 1 See how you translated **the path of righteousness** in [8:20](../08/20.md).
12:28 cf0m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result חַיִּ֑ים & אַל־מָֽוֶת 1 In this verse, **is** indicates that what follows is the result of the preceding phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “results in life … results in no death”\n
12:28 ihyn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated the same use of **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
12:28 y24r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to indicate that **the way** is **the beaten path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the way that is the beaten path”
12:28 y24r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה 1 Here Solomon uses the possessive form to indicate that **the way** is **the beaten path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and the way that is the beaten path”
12:28 h4sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ נְתִיבָ֣ה 1 Here, **the way of the beaten path** refers to **the path of righteousness** in the previous clause. Solomon refers to living righteously as if one were walking on a **beaten path** that is safe because it was made well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and living righteously”
12:28 d3it rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, **no death** could refer to: (1) a person not dying earlier than expected, which is the opposite way of saying the same idea used for **life** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “is not dying early” (2) a person having immortality. Alternate translation: “is immortality”
13:intro nh7k 0 # Proverbs 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [13:14](../13/14.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
13:intro nh7k 0 # Proverbs 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [13:14](../13/14.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
13:1 ugs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם מ֣וּסַר אָ֑ב 1 Solomon is leaving a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “A wise son listens to the instruction of a father”
13:1 c2rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם 1 See how you translated the same use of **son** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
13:1 au6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֣וּסַר & גְּעָרָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
@ -1492,8 +1490,8 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
13:2 mgn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the desire of **the treacherous ones** as if it were their **appetite**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the desire of”
13:3 o7lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֹצֵ֣ר פִּ֭י⁠ו שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו מְחִתָּה־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 **One who guards his mouth**, **his**, **one who opens his lips**, and **him** here do not refer to specific people, but to types of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Anyone who guards one’s mouth keeps one’s life; anyone who opens one’s lips is ruin for that person”
13:3 xb3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נֹצֵ֣ר פִּ֭י⁠ו 1 The phrase **guards his mouth** is an idiom that refers to being careful about what one says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “One who speaks carefully”
13:3 f4rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone preserving one’s **life** as if one’s **life** were an object that one **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “preserves his life”
13:3 zq0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו מְחִתָּה־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 This clause is a strong contrast to the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “on the contrary, one who opens his lips, ruin for him”\n
13:3 f4rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here Solomon speaks of someone preserving one’s **life** as if one’s **life** were an object that one **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “preserves his life”
13:3 zq0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו מְחִתָּה־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 This clause is in strong contrast to the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “on the contrary, one who opens his lips, ruin for him”\n
13:3 an2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו מְחִתָּה־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “one who opens his lips keeps ruin for himself”
13:3 bd6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פֹּשֵׂ֥ק שְׂ֝פָתָ֗י⁠ו 1 The phrase **opens his lips** is an idiom that could refer to: (1) speaking carelessly, which would be in contrast to the meaning of **guards his mouth** in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “one who talks without thinking” (2) speaking too much. Alternate translation: “one who talks too much”
13:3 qfrc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְחִתָּה־לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **ruin**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “ruins himself”
@ -1502,25 +1500,25 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
13:4 mjxy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִתְאַוָּ֣ה & נַפְשׁ֣⁠וֹ 1 Here, **craving** describes the **appetite** of a **lazy** person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he has a craving appetite” or “he craves”
13:4 z2sk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ֭⁠אַיִן 1 Here, Solomon implies that **there is nothing** to satisfy the **lazy** person’s **craving**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and there is nothing to satisfy that craving”
13:4 kakf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תְּדֻשָּֽׁן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will become fat”
13:4 rj8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּדֻשָּֽׁן 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the appetite of the diligent ones** being satisfied as if **the appetite** were a person who could be **fattened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be satisfied”
13:4 rj8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּדֻשָּֽׁן 1 Here Solomon refers to **the appetite of the diligent ones** being satisfied as if **the appetite** were a person who could be **fattened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be satisfied”
13:5 i9t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֑יק 1 See how you translated **A righteous one** in [9:9](../09/09.md).
13:5 xfcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דְּבַר־שֶׁ֭קֶר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **word** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false word”\n
13:5 xfcg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דְּבַר־שֶׁ֭קֶר 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **word** that is characterized by **falsehood**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false word”\n
13:5 xrle rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְּבַר 1 See how you translated the similar use of **word** in [12:25](../12/25.md).
13:5 lygo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝⁠רָשָׁ֗ע 1 See how you translated **a wicked one** in [9:7](../09/07.md).
13:5 c74k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַבְאִ֥ישׁ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people causing others to feel disgust for them as if they smell bad. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes others to feel disgust for him” or “disgusts others”
13:5 c74k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַבְאִ֥ישׁ 1 Here Solomon refers to people causing others to feel disgust for them as if they smell bad. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes others to feel disgust for him” or “disgusts others”
13:6 iac2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צְ֭דָקָה & וְ֝⁠רִשְׁעָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **wickedness** in [4:17](../04/17.md).
13:6 zhal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּצֹּ֣ר תָּם־דָּ֑רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people protecting themselves by acting righteously as if **Righteousness** were a person who **guards** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “enables the blameless of way to be protected”
13:6 zhal rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּצֹּ֣ר תָּם־דָּ֑רֶךְ 1 Here Solomon refers to people protecting themselves by acting righteously as if **Righteousness** were a person who **guards** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “enables the blameless of way to be protected” or "protects those who live blamelessly"
13:6 df15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תָּם־דָּ֑רֶךְ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [11:20](../11/20.md).
13:6 r21h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּסַלֵּ֥ף חַטָּֽאת 1 Here, Solomon refers to people deliberately doing wicked things that will result in their destruction as if **wickedness** were a person who **leads** them **astray**. See how you translated the same use of **leads** **astray** in [12:16](../12/16.md).
13:6 r21h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּסַלֵּ֥ף חַטָּֽאת 1 Here Solomon refers to people deliberately doing wicked things that will result in their destruction as if **wickedness** were a person who **leads** them **astray**. See how you translated the same use of **leads** **astray** in [12:16](../12/16.md).
13:7 z16h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יֵ֣שׁ מִ֭תְעַשֵּׁר & מִ֝תְרוֹשֵׁ֗שׁ 1 The phrases **one who pretends to be rich** and **one who pretends to be poor** do not refer to specific people, but to types of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “There are people who pretend to be rich … people who pretend to be poor”
13:7 z2e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וְ⁠אֵ֣ין כֹּ֑ל 1 Solomon says **nothing at all** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means either that this person has **nothing** valuable or has very few possessions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “but has nothing valuable at all” or “but truly does not have much wealth”
13:8 tjrj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כֹּ֣פֶר נֶֽפֶשׁ־אִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **ransom** that must be paid to redeem **the life of a man**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The ransom that must be paid to redeem the life of a man” or “What a man must pay to buy back his own life”
13:8 tjrj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession כֹּ֣פֶר נֶֽפֶשׁ־אִ֣ישׁ 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **ransom** that must be paid to redeem **the life of a man**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The ransom that must be paid to redeem the life of a man” or “What a man must pay to buy back his own life”
13:8 q5kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֣ישׁ עָשְׁר֑⁠וֹ 1 Although **a man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that could refer to either **a man** or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person is that person’s riches”\n
13:8 ccrr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝⁠רָ֗שׁ 1 Solomon is speaking of **poor** people in general, not of one particular **poor one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “but any poor person”\n
13:8 xoce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a poor one** completely ignoring **a rebuke** as if that person didn’t even hear it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “ignores as if he did not even hear”
13:8 xoce rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹא־שָׁמַ֥ע 1 Here Solomon refers to **a poor one** completely ignoring **a rebuke** as if that person didn’t even hear it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “ignores as if he did not even hear”
13:8 mq75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גְּעָרָֽה 1 Here, the word translated **rebuke** refers to a threat that someone makes against the life of **a poor one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a threat”
13:9 trqq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אוֹר & וְ⁠נֵ֖ר 1 **The light** and **the lamp** refer to lights and lamps in general, not one particular **light** and **lamp**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “The lights of … but the lamps of”\n
13:9 xs1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אוֹר־צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִשְׂמָ֑ח 1 Here, Solomon refers to the lives of **the righteous ones** being enjoyable as if their lives were a **light** that could be **glad**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “The lives of the righteous ones will be enjoyable” or “The lives of the righteous ones will be enjoyable like a brightly shining light”
13:9 xs1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אוֹר־צַדִּיקִ֥ים יִשְׂמָ֑ח 1 Here Solomon refers to the lives of **the righteous ones** being enjoyable as if their lives were a **light** that could be **glad**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “The lives of the righteous ones will be enjoyable” or “The lives of the righteous ones will be enjoyable like a brightly shining light”
13:9 upv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠נֵ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִדְעָֽךְ 1 Here, Solomon refers to the death of **the wicked ones** as if their lives were lamps that stop burning to produce light. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but the life of the wicked ones will end” or “but the life of the wicked ones is like a lamp that will be extinguished”
13:9 pbds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִדְעָֽךְ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will stop shining” or “will stop producing light”
13:10 n32q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ֭⁠זָדוֹן & מַצָּ֑ה & חָכְמָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **presumptuousness**, **contention**, and **wisdom**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **presumptuousness** in [11:2](../11/02.md) and **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “with being presumptuous … contending with others … being wise”
@ -1537,151 +1535,151 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
13:13 gajo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בָּ֣ז 1 Solomon is speaking of people who despise advice in general, not of one particular person **who despises**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Anyone who despises”\n
13:13 k3tc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ֭⁠דָבָר 1 Here, **word** refers to instructions or advice that people say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “instruction” or “people instructing him”
13:13 a5vy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יֵחָ֣בֶל ל֑⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “must pay for it”
13:13 t75v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵחָ֣בֶל ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing the negative consequences of despising **a word** as if he were paying money for doing so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience the consequences for doing so”
13:13 t75v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵחָ֣בֶל ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Here Solomon refers to someone experiencing the negative consequences of despising **a word** as if he were paying money for doing so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will experience the consequences for doing so”
13:13 fzbj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וִ⁠ירֵ֥א מִ֝צְוָ֗ה ה֣וּא יְשֻׁלָּֽם 1 Although the terms **he** and **himself** are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “but someone with fear of a command, that one will be rewarded”\n
13:13 r1bk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ה֣וּא יְשֻׁלָּֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will reward that very person”
13:14 xmie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תּוֹרַ֣ת 1 **The law** here does not refer to a specific **law** but refers to lessons or instructions in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “The instructions of”\n
13:14 l87y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָ֭כָם 1 Here, Solomon is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean **wise** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the wise ones”
13:13 r1bk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ה֣וּא יְשֻׁלָּֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will reward that very person”
13:14 xmie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תּוֹרַ֣ת 1 **The law** here does not refer to a specific **law** but refers to lessons or instructions in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “The instruction of”\n
13:14 l87y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָ֭כָם 1 Here Solomon is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean **wise** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the wise ones”
13:14 uhi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [10:11](../10/11.md).
13:14 po7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ֝⁠ס֗וּר מִ⁠מֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone avoiding dangerous situations that could result in that person dying as if that person were turning away from **the snares of death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to avoid the snares of death”\n
13:14 po7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ֝⁠ס֗וּר מִ⁠מֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 Here Solomon speaks of someone avoiding dangerous situations that could result in that person dying as if that person were turning away from **the snares of death**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to avoid the snares of death”\n
13:14 qfy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לָ֝⁠ס֗וּר 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the law of the wise turns people away”
13:14 h871 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠מֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to dangerous situations that could result in someone dying as if they were **snares**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “from deadly situations” or “from dangers that are like traps that lead to death”
13:15 ztj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֭וֹב יִתֶּן־חֵ֑ן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person receiving **favor** because that person has **Good insight** as if the **insight** were a person who could give **favor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Good insight causes the person who has it to be favored by others”
13:14 h871 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠מֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 Here Solomon refers to dangerous situations that could result in someone dying as if they were **snares**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “from deadly situations” or “from dangers that are like traps that lead to death”
13:15 ztj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֭וֹב יִתֶּן־חֵ֑ן 1 Here Solomon speaks of a person receiving **favor** because that person has **Good insight** as if the **insight** were a person who could give **favor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Good insight causes the person who has it to be favored by others”
13:15 up13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שֵֽׂכֶל & חֵ֑ן 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md) and **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
13:15 sp95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ 1 See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
13:15 r4vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵיתָֽן 1 Here, the word translated **permanent** refers to something that is unrelenting. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is unrelenting” or “does not relent”
13:15 r4vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵיתָֽן 1 Here the word translated **permanent** refers to something that is unrelenting. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is unrelenting” or “does not relent”
13:15 vilf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants אֵיתָֽן 1 Instead of **permanent**, some ancient translations read “their ruin.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
13:16 n8lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠דָ֑עַת & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
13:16 p3dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to **a stupid one** displaying how foolish he is as if his **folly** were an object that he spreads out for other people to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “displays his folly”
13:16 n3ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 Here, Solomon implies that **a stupid one spreads folly** by how he acts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “spreads folly by what he says and does”
13:16 p3dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 Here Solomon refers to **a stupid one** displaying how foolish he is as if his **folly** were an object that he spreads out for other people to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “displays his folly”
13:16 n3ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִפְרֹ֥שׂ אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 Here Solomon implies that **a stupid one spreads folly** by how he acts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “spreads folly by what he says and does”
13:17 n29k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַלְאָ֣ךְ רָ֭שָׁע 1 Here, **wicked messenger** specifically refers to a **messenger** who is unreliable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “An unreliable messenger”
13:17 h4gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפֹּ֣ל בְּ⁠רָ֑ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing **evil** as if it were a place into which that person **falls**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “experiences evil”
13:17 h4gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִפֹּ֣ל בְּ⁠רָ֑ע 1 Here Solomon refers to someone experiencing **evil** as if it were a place into which that person **falls**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “experiences evil”
13:17 tmcp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠רָ֑ע 1 Here, **evil** refers to trouble that someone might experience as a result of **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into trouble”\n
13:17 pfh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠צִ֖יר אֱמוּנִ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe an **envoy** that is characterized by **faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a faithful envoy”
13:17 pfh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠צִ֖יר אֱמוּנִ֣ים 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe an **envoy** that is characterized by **faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but a faithful envoy”
13:18 m4d7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רֵ֣ישׁ וְ֭⁠קָלוֹן & מוּסָ֑ר & תּוֹכַ֣חַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Poverty** in [6:11](../06/11.md), **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md), and **correction** and **rebuke** in [3:11](../03/11.md).
13:18 f6rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פּוֹרֵ֣עַ & וְ⁠שׁוֹמֵ֖ר 1 Here, **one who avoids** and **one who keeps** refer to people who do these things in general, not to any specific **one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “are for those who avoid … but those who keep”
13:18 b3wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שׁוֹמֵ֖ר 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone accepting **a rebuke** from someone else as if **a rebuke** were an object that one **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who accepts”
13:18 f6rv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פּוֹרֵ֣עַ & וְ⁠שׁוֹמֵ֖ר 1 Here, **one who avoids** and **one who keeps** refer to people who do these things in general, but not to any specific **one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “are for those who avoid … but those who keep”
13:18 b3wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שׁוֹמֵ֖ר 1 Here Solomon refers to someone accepting **a rebuke** from someone else as if **a rebuke** were an object that one **keeps**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but one who accepts”
13:18 owqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְכֻבָּֽד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will honor”
13:19 h11i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠נָ֑פֶשׁ 1 Here, Solomon implies that **self** refers to the same person who has the **desire** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to one’s self”
13:19 h11i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠נָ֑פֶשׁ 1 Here Solomon implies that **self** refers to the same person who has the **desire** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to one’s self”
13:19 fv8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠תוֹעֲבַ֥ת & מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **abomination** in [3:32](../03/32.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
13:19 j2fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 See how you translated “turn away from evil” in [3:7](../03/07.md).
13:20 rdzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הוֹלֵ֣ךְ & וְ⁠רֹעֶ֖ה 1 **One who walks** and **one who associates with** refer to people who do these things in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Those who walk … but those who associate with”
13:20 k77z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of “walk” in [1:15](../01/15.md).
13:21 qnbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָעָ֑ה & טֽוֹב 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Evil** and **goodness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **Evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md). Alternate translation: “What is evil … what is good”
13:21 s35w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּרַדֵּ֣ף 1 Here, Solomon refers to **sinners** experiencing **Evil** as if **Evil** were a person who could **pursue** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will happen to” or “will be experienced by”
13:21 ovgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְשַׁלֶּם 1 Here, Solomon refers to **righteous ones** experiencing **goodness** as if **goodness** were a person who could **reward** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will happen to” or “will be experienced by”
13:21 s35w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְּרַדֵּ֣ף 1 Here Solomon refers to **sinners** experiencing **Evil** as if **Evil** were a person who could **pursue** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will happen to” or “will be experienced by”
13:21 ovgd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְשַׁלֶּם 1 Here Solomon refers to **righteous ones** experiencing **goodness** as if **goodness** were a person who could **reward** them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will happen to” or “will be experienced by”
13:22 zohr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun ט֗וֹב & לַ֝⁠צַּדִּ֗יק & חוֹטֵֽא 1 **A good one**, **a sinner**, and **the righteous one** refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any good one … any sinner … for any righteous person”
13:22 tull rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יַנְחִ֥יל בְּנֵֽי־בָנִ֑ים 1 Solomon is leaving out words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will cause sons of sons to inherit his wealth”\n
13:22 amv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵֽי־בָנִ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon implies that **sons of sons** refers to the grandchildren of **A good one** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his sons of sons”
13:22 fi9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠צָפ֥וּן לַ֝⁠צַּדִּ֗יק חֵ֣יל חוֹטֵֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up”
13:22 fi9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠צָפ֥וּן לַ֝⁠צַּדִּ֗יק חֵ֣יל חוֹטֵֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up”
13:23 z3px rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נִ֣יר 1 An **unplowed field** is a **field** that has not been prepared for growing crops. If your readers would not be familiar with plowing fields for farming, you could use the name of a similar farming practice in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is in the field that is not prepared for food production”
13:23 bdzr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠יֵ֥שׁ נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but there is a being swept away of the poor ones’ food”
13:23 jv3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה בְּ⁠לֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no justice sweeping it away”
13:23 h46l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֝סְפֶּ֗ה 1 Here, **swept away** refers to completely removing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a removal”
13:23 vz3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּ⁠לֹ֣א מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Here, Solomon refers to **no justice** as if it were a person who causes the food of poor people to be **swept away**. He means that injustice results in poor people lacking food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of injustice” or “because people act unjustly”
13:24 jp8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ שִׁ֭בְט⁠וֹ שׂוֹנֵ֣א בְנ֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠אֹהֲב֗⁠וֹ 1 **One who withholds**, **his**, **one who loves**, and **him** here do not refer to specific people, but refer to these types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Those who withhold their rods hate their sons, but those who love them”\n
13:24 jp8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ שִׁ֭בְט⁠וֹ שׂוֹנֵ֣א בְנ֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠אֹהֲב֗⁠וֹ שִֽׁחֲר֥⁠וֹ מוּסָֽר׃ 1 Here the terms **One who withholds**, **his**, **one who loves**, and **him** do not refer to specific people, but refer to these types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Those who withhold their rods hate their sons, but those who love them diligently seek them with discipline”\n
13:24 ksnf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole שׂוֹנֵ֣א 1 Solomon says **hates** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “acts unlovingly toward”
13:24 lqcu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְנ֑⁠וֹ & וְ֝⁠אֹהֲב֗⁠וֹ שִֽׁחֲר֥⁠וֹ 1 Although the term **son** and **him** are masculine, Solomon is using those words in a generic sense that could refer to either a male or female child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his child, but one who loves that child diligently seeks that child”\n
13:24 yu2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שִֽׁחֲר֥⁠וֹ מוּסָֽר 1 Here, Solomon refers to a parent **diligently** disciplining that parent’s child as if that parent were **diligently** seeking that child **with discipline**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “diligently disciplines him”
13:24 yu2d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שִֽׁחֲר֥⁠וֹ מוּסָֽר 1 Here Solomon refers to a parent **diligently** disciplining that parent’s child as if that parent were **diligently** seeking that child **with discipline**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “diligently disciplines him”
13:25 a593 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּ֗יק & נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 **A righteous one** and**his** here do not refer to specific people, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any righteous one … that person’s appetite”
13:25 wby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וּ⁠בֶ֖טֶן 1 The word **stomach** represents stomachs in general, not one particular **stomach**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “but the stomachs of”
13:25 azl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בֶ֖טֶן רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֶּחְסָֽר 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the wicked ones** always being hungry as if their stomachs **lack**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the wicked ones can never eat enough” or “but the hunger of the wicked ones is never satisfied”
14:intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [14:7](../14/07.md), [10](../14/10.md), [13](../14/13.md), [17](../14/17.md), [26](../14/26.md), [27](../14/27.md), and [34](../14/34.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
14:1 r3rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חַכְמ֣וֹת נָ֭שִׁים & בֵיתָ֑⁠הּ 1 **The wisest of women** and **her** here do not refer to a specific person, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Those women who are most wise … the houses of those women”\n
14:1 zntm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman making her family prosper as if she were building a **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes her house to prosper”
13:25 azl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠בֶ֖טֶן רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֶּחְסָֽר 1 Here Solomon refers to **the wicked ones** always being hungry as if their stomachs **lack**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the wicked ones can never eat enough” or “but the hunger of the wicked ones is never satisfied”
14:intro gbj2 0 # Proverbs 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Contrasting parallelism\n\nExcept for [14:7](../14/07.md), [10](../14/10.md), [13](../14/13.md), [17](../14/17.md), [26](../14/26.md), [27](../14/27.md), and [34](../14/34.md), all the proverbs in this chapter consist of two parallel clauses that contrast with each other.
14:1 r3rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חַכְמ֣וֹת נָ֭שִׁים בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑⁠הּ 1 **The wisest of women** and **her** here do not refer to a specific person, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Those women who are most wise build their houses”\n
14:1 zntm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here Solomon refers to a woman making her family prosper as if she were building a **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes her house to prosper”
14:1 hx7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵיתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, **house** represents the family who lives in the **house**. See how you translated the same use of **house** in [3:33](../03/33.md).
14:1 dmak rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ֝⁠אִוֶּ֗לֶת בְּ⁠יָדֶ֥י⁠הָ תֶהֶרְסֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **a foolish woman** and **her** do not refer to a specific person, but refer to a type of person in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “but those women who are foolish tear it down with their hands”\n
14:1 tv3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֶהֶרְסֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman ruining her family as if she were tearing **down** a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “harms it”
14:1 tv3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֶהֶרְסֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a woman ruining her family as if she were tearing **down** a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “harms it” or "destroys it"
14:1 l2y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יָדֶ֥י⁠הָ 1 Here, **hands** refers to what a person does, which often involves using **hands**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by her deeds”\n
14:2 qgn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ֭⁠יָשְׁר⁠וֹ & וּ⁠נְל֖וֹז דְּרָכָ֣י⁠ו 1 **One who walks**, **his**, and **one who is crooked** refers to types of people in general, not to any specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “The person who walks in that person’s uprightness … but any person who is crooked in that person’s ways”
14:2 qnc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ֭⁠יָשְׁר⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone behaving in a upright manner as if that person **walks in his uprightness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of “walk” in [3:23](../03/23.md). Alternate translation: “One who conducts his life in an upright manner”\n
14:2 we9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠נְל֖וֹז דְּרָכָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **crooked in his ways** to refer to someone who acts deceptively. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “but one who is deceptive”\n
14:2 qnc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ֭⁠יָשְׁר⁠וֹ 1 Here Solomon refers to someone behaving in a upright manner as if that person **walks in his uprightness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of “walk” in [3:23](../03/23.md). Alternate translation: “One who conducts his life in an upright manner”\n
14:2 we9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠נְל֖וֹז דְּרָכָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here Solomon uses the phrase **crooked in his ways** to refer to someone who acts deceptively. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **crooked** in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “but one who is deceptive”\n
14:3 ht6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּֽ⁠פִי־אֱ֭וִיל חֹ֣טֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 In this clause, Solomon refers to what **a fool** says with his **mouth** resulting in him being punished with **a rod** as if **a rod** were **in** his **mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Because of what a fool says, he is punished for pride” or “A fool is punished because of the proud things he says”
14:3 ixb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חֹ֣טֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rod** that is used to punish someone for having **pride**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is a rod for punishing proud people”
14:3 ixb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חֹ֣טֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rod** that is used to punish someone for having **pride**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is a rod for punishing proud people”
14:3 c2ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠שִׂפְתֵ֥י 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:21](../10/21.md).
14:3 gru7 תִּשְׁמוּרֵֽ⁠ם 1 Alternate translation: “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
14:4 uqel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵב֣וּס בָּ֑ר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **trough** that is characterized by **cleanness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is a clean trough”
14:4 w12s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵב֣וּס 1 A **trough** is a container that contains food for domesticated animals, such as **cattle**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal food container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is a container of”
14:4 uqel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵב֣וּס בָּ֑ר 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **trough** that is characterized by **cleanness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is a clean trough”
14:4 w12s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֵב֣וּס 1 A **trough** is a container that holds food for domesticated animals such as **cattle**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal food container, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is a food container of”
14:4 rd3o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠רָב 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **abundance** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:4 e3k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְּ⁠כֹ֣חַ שֽׁוֹר 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is produced by the strength of an ox”\n
14:4 diy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠כֹ֣חַ שֽׁוֹר 1 Here, **strength** refers to the work **an ox** does that involves using **strength**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is by the work that an ox does”
14:4 diy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠כֹ֣חַ שֽׁוֹר 1 Here, **strength** refers to the work **an ox** does that involves using **strength**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is by the work done by a strong ox”
14:4 huma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun שֽׁוֹר 1 Here, the word **ox** represents oxen in general, not one particular **ox**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression, as in the UST.
14:5 ew9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד אֱ֭מוּנִים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** who is characterized by **faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A faithful witness”
14:5 ew9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד אֱ֭מוּנִים 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **witness** who is characterized by **faithfulness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A faithful witness”
14:5 xtdm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר 1 See how you translated this phrase in [6:19](../06/19.md).
14:5 j6d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים 1 See how you translated **breathes out lies** in [6:19](../06/19.md).
14:6 sfgf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֵ֣ץ & לְ⁠נָב֣וֹן 1 See how you translated **a mocker** in [9:7](../09/07.md) and **the understanding one** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
14:6 xavx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּקֶּשׁ 1 Here, people trying to be wise are described as if **wisdom** were an object that people can “seek”. See how you translated the same use of **seeks** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
14:6 xavx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּקֶּשׁ 1 Here ,**wisdom** is described as if it were an object that people, trying to be wise, could “seek.” See how you translated the same use of **seeks** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
14:6 mc72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֣ה & וְ⁠דַ֖עַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
14:6 wm35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠אָ֑יִן 1 Here, Solomon means that **a mocker** cannot acquire **wisdom**, not that **wisdom** does not exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he finds none” or “and there is no wisdom for him”
14:6 ek6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠דַ֖עַת 1 Solomon is leaving out some of a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but finding knowledge” or “but acquiring knowledge”
14:7 mvxr מִ֭⁠נֶּגֶד 1 Alternate translation: “from in front of” or “from the presence of”
14:7 vk5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ כְּסִ֑יל 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **stupidity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a stupid man”
14:6 wm35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָ⁠אָ֑יִן 1 Here Solomon means that **a mocker** cannot acquire **wisdom**, not that **wisdom** does not exist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he finds none” or “and there is no wisdom for him”
14:6 ek6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠דַ֖עַת 1 Solomon is leaving out a word that, in many languages, a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but finding knowledge” or “but acquiring knowledge”
14:7 mvxr מִ֭⁠נֶּגֶד 1 Alternate translation: “from the presence of”
14:7 vk5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ כְּסִ֑יל 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **stupidity**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a stupid man”
14:7 vhev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ⁠אִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, **a man** represents a type of people in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any person of”
14:7 va2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בַל־יָ֝דַ֗עְתָּ 1 Here, Solomon refers to **you** not receiving **knowledge** from what a stupid person says as if **you** did **not know** such **knowledge**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you will not receive”
14:7 va2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בַל־יָ֝דַ֗עְתָּ 1 Here Solomon refers to **you** not receiving **knowledge** from what a stupid person says as if **you** did **not know** such **knowledge**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you will not receive”
14:7 ud4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂפְתֵי־דָֽעַת 1 Here, **lips** refers to what people say by moving their **lips**. Solomon is referring to words that express **knowledge**. See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md). Alternate translation: “words that express knowledge”
14:8 e2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמַ֣ת & וְ⁠אִוֶּ֖לֶת & מִרְמָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md), **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md), and **deceit** in [11:1](../11/01.md).
14:8 vug2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָ֭רוּם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:16](../12/16.md).
14:8 vp9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכּ֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
14:9 f44d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אָשָׁ֑ם 1 Mocking **the guilt offering** implies that **Fools mock** the need for people to offer **the guilt offering** in order to ask Yahweh to forgive them for sinning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “offering guilt offerings to Yahweh for forgiveness”\n
14:9 t24p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָצֽוֹן 1 See how you translated **favor** in [3:4](../03/04.md).
14:9 pui7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָצֽוֹן 1 Here, Solomon implies that this **favor** is from Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is Yahweh’s favor”
14:10 xxe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֗ב & נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ & וּ֝⁠בְ⁠שִׂמְחָת֗⁠וֹ 1 **A heart**, **itself**, and **its** refer to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person … that person, and in that person’s joy”
14:10 y94d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָרַּ֣ת & וּ֝⁠בְ⁠שִׂמְחָת֗⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **bitterness** and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “how bitter it is … and in its feeling joyful”
14:9 pui7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָצֽוֹן 1 Here Solomon implies that this **favor** is from Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is Yahweh’s favor”
14:10 xxe9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֗ב & נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ & וּ֝⁠בְ⁠שִׂמְחָת֗⁠וֹ 1 **A heart**, **itself**, and **its** refer to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person … that person, and in that person’s joy,”
14:10 y94d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָרַּ֣ת & וּ֝⁠בְ⁠שִׂמְחָת֗⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **bitterness** and **joy**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “how bitter it is … and in its feeling joyful,”
14:11 c5yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית & וְ⁠אֹ֖הֶל 1 In this verse, **house** and **tent** refer to the people who live in them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The household of … but the household of”
14:11 bfxk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׁמֵ֑ד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy” or “will become ruined”
14:11 d165 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַפְרִֽיחַ 1 Here, Solomon refers to a family prospering as if it were a plant with blooming flowers that **flourish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will prosper”
14:11 bfxk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׁמֵ֑ד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will destroy”
14:11 d165 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַפְרִֽיחַ 1 Here Solomon refers to a family prospering as if it were a plant with blooming flowers that **flourish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will prosper”
14:12 ojy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
14:12 y8gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ 1 Here, **before the face of** refers to what a person perceives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that a man perceives”
14:12 hslo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אִ֑ישׁ 1 The word **man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a person”
14:12 e0n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠אַחֲרִיתָ֗⁠הּ 1 Here, **end** refers to a final result. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but its result”
14:12 o8df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon uses **ways** to refer to the destiny of those people who live according to what they think is **a right way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the destiny of death”\n
14:12 c1cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the ways** that are **death**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is the ways that are death” or “is the destiny that is death”
14:12 o8df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here Solomon uses **ways** to refer to the destiny of those people who live according to what they themselves think is **a right way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the destiny of death”\n
14:12 c1cp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דַּרְכֵי־מָֽוֶת 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the ways** that are **death**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is the ways that are death” or “is the destiny that is death”
14:13 j3ih rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּ⁠שְׂח֥וֹק יִכְאַב & שִׂמְחָ֣ה תוּגָֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **laughter**, **pain**, **joy**, and **grief**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “when laughing … may feel painful … feeling joyful may be feeling sad”
14:13 a8j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֵ֑ב 1 Here, **heart** refers to the whole person. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [14:10](../14/10.md).
14:14 ocu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִ⁠דְּרָכָ֣י⁠ו & ס֣וּג לֵ֑ב וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠עָלָ֗י⁠ו אִ֣ישׁ טֽוֹב 1 **The turning away of heart**, **his**, and **a good man** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person turning away of heart … from that person’s ways, but any good person from that person”\n
14:14 qe8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּג לֵ֑ב 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person who has stopped behaving righteously and is behaving wickedly as if that person’s **heart** is **turning away** from behaving righteously. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The person who stops living righteously”
14:14 ocu0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מִ⁠דְּרָכָ֣י⁠ו & ס֣וּג לֵ֑ב וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠עָלָ֗י⁠ו אִ֣ישׁ טֽוֹב 1 **The turning away of heart**, **his**, and **a good man** each refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person turning away of heart … from that person’s ways, but any good person from that person”\n
14:14 qe8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּג לֵ֑ב 1 Here Solomon refers to the person who has stopped behaving righteously and is now behaving wickedly as if that person’s **heart** is **turning away** from behaving righteously. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The person who stops living righteously”
14:14 hiz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִ֭שְׂבַּע 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will fill”
14:14 jxno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֭שְׂבַּע 1 In this clause, the word translated **filled** implies that **the turning away of heart** will fully experience the negative consequences of **his ways**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will experience the negative consequences” or “will be repaid”
14:14 jxno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִ֭שְׂבַּע 1 In this clause, the word translated **filled** implies that **the turning away of heart** will fully experience the negative consequences of **his ways**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will experience all the consequences” or “will be fully repaid”
14:14 c5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠דְּרָכָ֣י⁠ו 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
14:14 tuqm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠עָלָ֗י⁠ו אִ֣ישׁ טֽוֹב 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but a good man will be filled from his ways”\n
14:15 i558 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פֶּ֭תִי & וְ֝⁠עָר֗וּם 1 **A naive one** and **a prudent one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **a prudent one** in [12:16](../12/16.md). Alternate translation: “Any naive person … but any prudent person”
14:15 nkj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דָּבָ֑ר 1 See how you translated the same use of **word** in [12:25](../12/25.md).
14:15 h73m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲשֻׁרֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **step** refers to a person’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his behavior”
14:15 h73m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠אֲשֻׁרֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **step** refers to a person’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his behavior” or "his actions"
14:16 xojs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun חָכָ֣ם & וּ֝⁠כְסִ֗יל 1 See how you translated **a wise one** in [1:5](../01/05.md) and **a stupid one** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
14:16 z79v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠סָ֣ר מֵ⁠רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “turn away from evil” in [3:7](../03/07.md).
14:16 jexo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בוֹטֵֽחַ 1 Here, **confident** refers to the negative quality of being unreasonably self-confident or careless. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and is overly confident” or “and is careless”
14:17 a76z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קְֽצַר־אַ֭פַּיִם 1 The phrase **short of nostrils** is an idiom that refers to a person who gets angry quickly. The word **nostrils** means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his **nostrils** to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “One who easily vents his spleen” or “One who gets angry quickly”\n
14:17 a76z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קְֽצַר־אַ֭פַּיִם 1 The phrase **short of nostrils** is an idiom that refers to a person who becomes angry quickly. The word **nostrils** means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his **nostrils** to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “One who easily vents his spleen” or “One who becomes angry quickly”\n
14:17 ndbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun קְֽצַר־אַ֭פַּיִם & וְ⁠אִ֥ישׁ מְ֝זִמּ֗וֹת 1 **One short of nostrils** and **a man of schemes** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **a man of schemes** in [12:2](../12/02.md). Alternate translation: “Any person short of nostrils … and any person of schemes” or “Any person who gets angry quickly … and any person who schemes”
14:17 xri2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֑לֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:17 ib3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠אִ֥ישׁ מְ֝זִמּ֗וֹת 1 See how you translated **a man of schemes** in [12:2](../12/02.md).
14:17 erby rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִשָּׂנֵֽא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, as in the UST.
14:18 c2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy נָחֲל֣וּ & אִוֶּ֑לֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Naive ones** becoming foolish as if **folly** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **inherit** in [3:35](../03/35.md). Alternate translation: “become foolish”\n
14:18 aj35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֑לֶת & דָֽעַת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
14:18 spn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכְתִּ֥רוּ דָֽעַת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people being rewarded with **knowledge** as if **knowledge** were a **crown** they **will wear**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “will be rewarded with knowledge” or “will be rewarded with knowledge as if it were a crown they wore”\n
14:18 spn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַכְתִּ֥רוּ דָֽעַת 1 Here Solomon speaks of people being rewarded with **knowledge** as if **knowledge** were a **crown** they **will wear**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “will be rewarded with knowledge” or “will be rewarded with knowledge as if it were a crown they wore”\n
14:19 b4i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction שַׁח֣וּ 1 Bowing **down** is a symbolic action that shows humble respect or submission to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “will bow down to show respect”
14:19 mch0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י 1 Here, the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the **face** of someone who is present. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
14:19 resy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠רְשָׁעִ֗ים עַֽל־שַׁעֲרֵ֥י צַדִּֽיק 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and wicked ones will bow down at the gates of the righteous one”\n
14:19 e892 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַֽל־שַׁעֲרֵ֥י 1 Here, **gates** refers to the doorway of the house of **the righteous one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the gates of the house of”
14:19 tt7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun צַדִּֽיק 1 See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [10:3](../10/03.md).
14:20 lsnx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֭⁠רֵעֵ⁠הוּ & רָ֑שׁ & עָשִׁ֣יר 1 **One who is poor**, **his neighbor**, and **the rich one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who is poor … by that person’s neighbors … any rich person”\n
14:20 h5ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גַּם־לְ֭⁠רֵעֵ⁠הוּ יִשָּׂ֣נֵא רָ֑שׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A poor person’s neighbor even hates him”
14:20 lsnx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ֭⁠רֵעֵ⁠הוּ & רָ֑שׁ & עָשִׁ֣יר 1 The expressions **One who is poor**, **his neighbor**, and **the rich one** each refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who is poor … by that person’s neighbors … any rich person”\n
14:20 h5ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גַּם־לְ֭⁠רֵעֵ⁠הוּ יִשָּׂ֣נֵא רָ֑שׁ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Even a poor person’s neighbor hates him”
14:21 fy3m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בָּז־לְ⁠רֵעֵ֥⁠הוּ חוֹטֵ֑א וּ⁠מְחוֹנֵ֖ן עניים אַשְׁרָֽי⁠ו 1 **One who sins**, **his neighbor**, **one who shows favor**, and **he** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who sins despises that person’s neighbors, but any person who shows favor to afflicted ones, happy is that person”
14:21 d4gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠מְחוֹנֵ֖ן 1 Here, **shows favor** refers to being kind to someone, not to favoring one person over another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the one who is compassionate to”
14:22 m1cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽ⁠לוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ חֹ֣רְשֵׁי רָ֑ע 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Devisers of evil certainly go astray!”
14:22 ie8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע וְ⁠חֶ֥סֶד וֶ֝⁠אֱמֶ֗ת & טֽוֹב 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md), **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** in [3:3](../03/03.md), and **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
14:22 mmn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֲֽ⁠לוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrase **go astray** to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Are not … deceptive”\n
14:22 mmn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֲֽ⁠לוֹא־יִ֭תְעוּ 1 Here Solomon uses the phrase **go astray** to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Are not … deceptive”\n
14:22 aqg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֹ֣רְשֵׁי טֽוֹב 1 Here, **are for** indicates that **devisers of good** are those who will benefit from receiving the **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness** of others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “benefit devisers of good”
14:23 d7ni rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֶ֭צֶב & מוֹתָ֑ר & לְ⁠מַחְסֽוֹר 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns “toils” in [5:10](../05/10.md), **profit** in [3:14](../03/14.md), and **lack** in [6:11](../06/11.md).
14:23 dbn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠דְבַר־שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, Solomon implies that this refers to **the words of lips** without any **toil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the word of lips without toil” or “but the word of lips by itself”
14:23 dbn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠דְבַר־שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here Solomon implies that this refers to **the words of lips** without any **toil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but the word of lips without toil” or “but the word of lips by itself”
14:23 vvln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠דְבַר־שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the word** that is spoken with **lips**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “but the word spoken by lips”
14:23 r2lz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠דְבַר 1 See how you translated the similar use of **word** in [12:25](../12/25.md).
14:23 a06s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אַךְ־לְ⁠מַחְסֽוֹר 1 Here, **is only** indicates that **lack** is the result of the preceding phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “results only in lack”\n
14:24 dc97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the reward of **the wise ones** as if it were a **crown** they wear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated the similar use of **crown** in [14:18](../14/18.md). Alternate translation: “The reward of” or “The reward that is like a crown of”\n
14:24 dc97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת 1 Here Solomon speaks of the reward of **the wise ones** as if it were a **crown** they wear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See how you translated the similar use of **crown** in [14:18](../14/18.md). Alternate translation: “The reward of” or “The reward that is like a crown of”\n
14:24 u3bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֖לֶת כְּסִילִ֣ים 1 See how you translated this phrase in [14:8](../14/08.md).
14:24 gr0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִוֶּ֖לֶת & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:25 xf3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵ֣ד אֱמֶ֑ת 1 See how you translated the same use of **A witness of** in [14:5](../14/05.md).
14:25 wkc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יָפִ֖חַ כְּזָבִ֣ים 1 See how you translated **breathes out lies** in [6:19](../06/19.md).
14:26 f120 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מִבְטַח־עֹ֑ז 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone having **confidence** because that person has **the fear of Yahweh** as if **the fear of Yahweh** were a location in which **confidence** resided. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The fear of Yahweh is the source of the confidence of the strong one” or “The confidence of the strong one is because he has the fear of Yahweh”
14:26 f120 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה מִבְטַח־עֹ֑ז 1 Here Solomon refers to someone having **confidence** because that person has **the fear of Yahweh** as if **the fear of Yahweh** were a location in which **confidence** resided. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The fear of Yahweh is the source of the confidence of the strong one” or “The confidence of the strong one is because he has the fear of Yahweh”
14:26 tky7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated **the fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
14:26 zfgw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִבְטַח 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **confidence** in [3:26](../03/26.md).
14:26 b73j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֹ֑ז וּ֝⁠לְ⁠בָנָ֗י⁠ו יִהְיֶ֥ה 1 Here, **the strong one**, **his**, and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not to one specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any strong person, and for that person’s sons that person will be”\n
@ -1691,19 +1689,19 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
14:27 n41g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md) and in the previous verse.
14:27 c8u2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְק֣וֹר חַיִּ֑ים 1 See how you translated **a fountain of life** in [10:11](../10/11.md) and [13:14](../13/14.md).
14:27 r5t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ֝⁠ס֗וּר מִ⁠מֹּ֥קְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת 1 See how you translated the same clause in [13:14](../13/14.md).
14:28 vxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠רָב־עָ֥ם הַדְרַת־מֶ֑לֶךְ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **abundance** and **majesty**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “An abundant amount of people is what makes a king majestic”
14:28 vxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠רָב־עָ֥ם הַדְרַת־מֶ֑לֶךְ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **abundance** and **majesty**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “An abundant number of people is what makes a king majestic”
14:28 c3y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֶ֑לֶךְ & רָזֽוֹן 1 Here, **a king** and **the potentate** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any king … any potentate”
14:28 l6zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶ֥פֶס 1 Here, **end** refers to a lack of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but with the lack of”
14:28 l6zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶ֥פֶס 1 Here, **end** refers to a lack of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but with the decline of”
14:29 c6lj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם & וּ⁠קְצַר־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 **One long of nostrils** and **one short of spirit** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person long of nostrils … but any person short of spirit”
14:29 xc7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם 1 The phrase **long of nostrils** is an idiom that refers to a type of person who does not get angry quickly. The word nostrils means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his nostrils to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “One who does not easily vent his spleen” or “One who does not get angry quickly”\n
14:29 xc7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם 1 The phrase **long of nostrils** is an idiom that refers to a type of person who does not become angry quickly. The word "nostrils" means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his nose, causing his nostrils to open wide. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “One who does not easily vent his spleen” or “One who does not become angry quickly”\n
14:29 hh4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תְּבוּנָ֑ה & אִוֶּֽלֶת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
14:29 lf5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠קְצַר־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 The phrase **short of spirit** is an idiom that refers to a type of person who gets angry quickly. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but a short-tempered person” or “but one who gets angry quickly”
14:29 pd65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone publicly showing **folly** as if **folly** were an object that someone **lifts up** for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “publicly displays” or “lets everyone observe”
14:30 o4ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֵ֣ב מַרְפֵּ֑א 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **heart** that is characterized by **healing**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A healed heart”
14:30 e9g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֣ב 1 Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer to a person’s inner being or mind. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
14:29 lf5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠קְצַר־ר֝֗וּחַ 1 The phrase **short of spirit** is an idiom that refers to a type of person who gets angry quickly. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but a short-tempered person” or “but one who becomes angry quickly”
14:29 pd65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here Solomon speaks of someone publicly showing **folly** as if **folly** were an object that someone **lifts up** for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “publicly displays” or “lets everyone observe”
14:30 o4ww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֵ֣ב מַרְפֵּ֑א 1 Here Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **heart** that is characterized by **healing**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A healed heart” or "A sound heart"
14:30 e9g7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֣ב 1 Here Solomon uses **heart** to refer to a person’s inner being or mind. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
14:30 bdfl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְ֭שָׂרִים לֵ֣ב 1 **A heart of healing** and **the body** refer to hearts and bodies in general, not to a specific **heart** and **body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any heart of … any body”
14:30 e78q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חַיֵּ֣י בְ֭שָׂרִים 1 Here, **life to the body** refers to a something being healthy for a person’s **body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is healthy for one’s body” or “causes one’s body to be healthy”
14:30 h3vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠רְקַ֖ב עֲצָמ֣וֹת קִנְאָֽה 1 Here, Solomon is saying that **envy** harms a person’s health like a disease that causes **the decay of bones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but envy ruins a person’s health” or “but envy harms one’s health like decay in one’s bones”\n
14:30 h3vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠רְקַ֖ב עֲצָמ֣וֹת קִנְאָֽה 1 Here Solomon is saying that **envy** harms a person’s health like a disease that causes **the decay of bones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “but envy ruins a person’s health” or “but envy harms one’s health like disease decays one’s bones”\n
14:30 l2al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קִנְאָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **envy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being envious”
14:31 k67r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עֹ֣שֵֽׁק דָּ֭ל & עֹשֵׂ֑⁠הוּ & חֹנֵ֥ן אֶבְיֽוֹן 1 **The oppressor**. **a lowly one**, **his**, **one showing favor**, and **a needy one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any oppressor of any lowly person … that person’s maker … any person who shows favor to any needy person”
14:31 jij6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דָּ֭ל 1 The phrase **lowly one** refers to a poor person. See how you translated the same use of “lowly ones” in [10:15](../10/15.md).
@ -1712,14 +1710,14 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
14:31 k2td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חֹנֵ֥ן 1 See how you translated the same use of “shows favor to” in [14:21](../14/21.md).
14:32 kw4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּֽ֭⁠רָעָת⁠וֹ & רָשָׁ֑ע & בְ⁠מוֹת֣⁠וֹ צַדִּֽיק 1 Here, **his**, **the wicked one**, and **the righteous one** refer to types of people in general, not to specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated **the wicked one** in [3:33](../03/33.md) and **the righteous one** in [10:16](../10/16.md). Alternate translation: “By the evil of any wicked person that person … any righteous person … in that person’s death”
14:32 nxxe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּֽ֭⁠רָעָת⁠וֹ & בְ⁠מוֹת֣⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md) and **death** in [2:18](../02/18.md).
14:32 t8gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִדָּחֶ֣ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “thrusts himself down”
14:32 b0he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִדָּחֶ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s life becoming ruined or destroyed as if that person were **thrust down** on the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “thrown down” in [10:8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “is destroyed”\n
14:32 yk75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠חֹסֶ֖ה & צַדִּֽיק 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **refuge** as if it were an object that someone **finds**. He means that someone feels safe or protected. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one feels protected”
14:32 qhzn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְ⁠מוֹת֣⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the time when someone dies as if **death** were a place where that person enters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when dying”
14:33 gsbg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠לֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן תָּנ֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to **the understanding one** thinking wisely as if **wisdom** were an object that **rests** inside that person’s **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “The understanding one thinks with wisdom”
14:32 t8gr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִדָּחֶ֣ה 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “thrusts himself down”
14:32 b0he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִדָּחֶ֣ה 1 Here Solomon refers to a person’s life becoming ruined or destroyed as if that person were **thrust down**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “thrown down” in [10:8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “is destroyed”\n
14:32 yk75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠חֹסֶ֖ה & צַדִּֽיק 1 Here Solomon speaks of **refuge** as if it were an object that someone **finds**. He means that someone feels safe or protected. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the righteous one feels protected”
14:32 qhzn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְ⁠מוֹת֣⁠וֹ 1 Here Solomon speaks of the time when someone dies as if **death** were a place where that person enters. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when dying”
14:33 gsbg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠לֵ֣ב נָ֭בוֹן תָּנ֣וּחַ חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here Solomon refers to **the understanding one** thinking wisely as if **wisdom** were an object that **rests** inside that person’s **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “The understanding one thinks with wisdom”
14:33 ip9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נָ֭בוֹן 1 See how you translated **the understanding one** in [1:5](../01/05.md).
14:33 sg1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
14:33 r61l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּוָּדֵֽעַ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will know her”
14:33 r61l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּוָּדֵֽעַ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will know her”
14:33 xi3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּוָּדֵֽעַ 1 Here, **she** refers to **wisdom** as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be known”\n
14:34 ousu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צְדָקָ֥ה & וְ⁠חֶ֖סֶד & חַטָּֽאת 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **Righteousness** in [1:3](../01/03.md), **sin** in [5:22](../05/22.md), and **shame** in [6:33](../06/33.md).
14:34 tavd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תְרֽוֹמֵֽם־גּ֑וֹי 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **nation** becoming great as if it were an object that **Righteousness** **raises** up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “raised up” in [11:11](../11/11.md). Alternate translation: “makes a nation great”\n
@ -1963,7 +1961,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
16:15 a5n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠עָ֣ב מַלְקֽוֹשׁ 1 Here, Solomon compares the king showing **favor** towards someone with a **cloud** that brings **rain** in the **spring** that is needed for crops to grow. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “benefits a person” or “refreshes a person like clouds bring rain in springtime that refreshes crops”
16:16 rgj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קְֽנֹה־חָכְמָ֗ה מַה־טּ֥וֹב מֵ⁠חָר֑וּץ וּ⁠קְנ֥וֹת בִּ֝ינָ֗ה נִבְחָ֥ר מִ⁠כָּֽסֶף 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “How better it is to acquire wisdom than gold, yes, to acquire understanding is to be chosen more than silver”
16:16 ylp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֗ה & בִּ֝ינָ֗ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **understanding** in [2:2](../02/02.md).\n
16:16 bn5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠קְנ֥וֹת בִּ֝ינָ֗ה נִבְחָ֥ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people should choose to acquire understanding”
16:16 bn5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וּ⁠קְנ֥וֹת בִּ֝ינָ֗ה נִבְחָ֥ר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and people should choose to acquire understanding”
16:17 ffx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְסִלַּ֣ת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **upright** behavior as if it were a well-built **highway** that is free of obstacles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The behavior of”\n
16:17 a2qn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated this phrase in [14:16](../14/16.md).
16:17 m87o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רָ֑ע & נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md) and **life** in [10:16](../10/16.md).
@ -1986,7 +1984,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
16:20 tkio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מַשְׂכִּ֣יל עַל־דָּ֭בָר 1 This phrase could refer to: (1) someone who acts prudently in various matters. Alternate translation: “One who acts sensibly” (2) someone who heeds instruction, in which case the word translated **matter** would refer to instruction. Alternate translation: “One who heeds instruction”
16:20 zg3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִמְצָא־ט֑וֹב 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone prospering as if they found **good**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will prosper”
16:21 hq6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֭ב 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
16:21 lrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִקָּרֵ֣א נָב֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call an understanding one”
16:21 lrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִקָּרֵ֣א נָב֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call an understanding one”
16:21 cj0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נָב֑וֹן 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:5](../01/05.md).
16:21 w5ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מֶ֥תֶק שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were **sweetness** that comes from what people say by speaking with their **lips**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pleasant speech”
16:21 f79y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם 1 See how you translated the same use of **lips** in [10:18](../10/18.md).
@ -2033,7 +2031,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
16:31 aj89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֣רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon refers to the honor of being an old person as if the old person’s **Gray hair** were a **crown of splendor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning or use a simile. See how you translated **a crown of splendor** in [4:9](../04/09.md). Alternate translation: “is a great honor” or “is like a crown of splendor on an old person’s head”
16:31 thaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the same use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
16:31 d1fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by **righteousness**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in the righteous way”
16:31 y1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּמָּצֵֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person finds it”
16:31 y1am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּמָּצֵֽא 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person finds it”
16:31 andi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תִּמָּצֵֽא 1 Here, Solomon refers to becoming old, which **Gray hair** represents, as if it were an object that a person could find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is obtained”\n
16:32 x3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם מִ⁠גִּבּ֑וֹר וּ⁠מֹשֵׁ֥ל בְּ֝⁠רוּח֗⁠וֹ מִ⁠לֹּכֵ֥ד 1 Here, **one long of nostrils**, **a mighty one**, **on who rules his spirit**, and **one who captures** represent these types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “is any person long of nostrils than any mighty person, and any person who rules over that person’s spirit than any person who captures”
16:32 q1pm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם 1 See how you translated **one long of nostrils** in [14:29](../14/29.md).
@ -2044,7 +2042,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
16:32 mzu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִ⁠לֹּכֵ֥ד עִֽיר 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that **one who captures a city** is very **mighty**. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “than one mighty enough to capture a city”
16:33 kg6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל & כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטֽ⁠וֹ 1 **A lot**, **the lap**, and **its** refer to these things in general, not to a specific **lot** and **lap**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any lot is cast into a person’s lap … that lots every judgment”
16:33 rvg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל 1 **A lot** was a marked stone that was thrown or rolled on the ground in order to help decide something. People believed that God would guide the **lot** so that it showed them what to do. If your culture has a similar object, you could use the word for that in your language here. Alternate translation: “A marked stone is cast into the lap” or “People throw dice”\n
16:33 ei8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws a lot into a lap”
16:33 ei8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּ֭⁠חֵיק יוּטַ֣ל אֶת־הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֑ל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws a lot into a lap”
16:33 js5x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **judgment** refers to the decision that is made based on the result of casting lots. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “its every decision” or “whatever happens with the lot”
17:intro br3v 0 # Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book written by Solomon that is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nChapters 16–22 mostly contain proverbs in which the second of two parallel clauses completes, emphasizes, or qualifies the idea of the first clause. Chapter 17 also contains contrasting parallelism ([17:9](../17/09.md), [22](../17/22.md), [24](../17/24.md)) and parallelism in which both clauses have the same meaning for emphasis ([17:21](../17/21.md), [28](../17/28.md)). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
17:1 b79i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis פַּ֣ת חֲ֭רֵבָה & מִ֝⁠בַּ֗יִת מָלֵ֥א 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. See how you translated the same use of these phrases in [15:16–17](../15/16.md). Alternate translation: “is having a dry morsel … than having a house full of”
@ -2104,7 +2102,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
17:12 pzb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis פָּג֬וֹשׁ דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ וְ⁠אַל־כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words to the second clause from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Let a female bear robbed of offspring meet a man and not a stupid one in his folly meet a man”
17:12 hbnr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פָּג֬וֹשׁ דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ וְ⁠אַל־כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 In this verse, Solomon implies that meeting **a female bear robbed of offspring** is better than meeting **a stupid one in his folly**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “A female bear robbed of offspring meeting a man is better than meeting a stupid one in his folly”
17:12 pknt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun דֹּ֣ב & בְּ⁠אִ֑ישׁ & כְּ֝סִ֗יל בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a female bear**, **a man**, **a stupid one**, and **his** represent bears and types of people in general, not one particular **bear** or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any female bear … any person … any stupid person in that person’s folly”
17:12 fk5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a female bear that someone has stolen offspring from”
17:12 fk5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive דֹּ֣ב שַׁכּ֣וּל 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a female bear that someone has stolen offspring from”
17:12 p2k2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit דֹּ֣ב 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that **a female bear robbed of offspring** would be extremely angry and violent. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “an angry female bear”
17:12 u55w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שַׁכּ֣וּל 1 Although the word **offspring** is singular in form, but here it refers to all a bear’s cubs as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “robbed of cubs”
17:12 j1ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠אִוַּלְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **folly** in [5:23](../05/23.md).
@ -2355,7 +2353,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:10 pq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֝֗ף כִּֽי־לְ⁠עֶ֤בֶד 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much less suitable is it for a slave”
19:11 ah27 שֵׂ֣כֶל & וְ֝⁠תִפאַרְתּ֗⁠וֹ & פָּֽשַׁע 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **insight** in [1:3](../01/03.md), **splendor** in [4:9](../04/09.md), and **transgression** in [10:19](../10/19.md).
19:11 xl98 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָ֭דָם & אַפּ֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠תִפאַרְתּ֗⁠וֹ 1 Although **a man** and **his** are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … that person’s nose … and that person’s splendor”\n
19:11 j1li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֶאֱרִ֣יךְ אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to not getting angry quickly as if a person’s **nose** became **long**. The word **nose** here means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his **nose**. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. See how you translated the similar expression “long of nostrils” in [14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “causes him to not easily vent his spleen” or “causes him to not get angry quickly”\n
19:11 j1li rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֶאֱרִ֣יךְ אַפּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon refers to not becoming angry quickly as if a person’s **nose** became **long**. The word **nose** here means “anger” by association with the way that a person who is angry breathes heavily through his **nose**. Your language and culture may also associate anger with a particular part of the body. If so, you could use an expression involving that part of the body in your translation. You could also use plain language. See how you translated the similar expression “long of nostrils” in [14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “causes him to not easily vent his spleen” or “causes him not to become angry quickly”\n
19:11 p96c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲבֹ֣ר עַל 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person ignoring or forgiving **a transgression** as if that person passes **over** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is to ignore” or “is to forgive”
19:11 d4i4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun פָּֽשַׁע 1 Here, the word **transgression** represents transgressions in general, not one particular **transgression**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any transgression”
19:11 n3cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פָּֽשַׁע 1 Here, Solomon implies that this is **a transgression** that someone has committed against the person who passes **over** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a transgression that someone has committed against him”
@ -2413,7 +2411,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
19:23 i3m1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠שָׂבֵ֥עַ & בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד 1 Here, **the satisfied one** and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “and any satisfied one … that person will not be visited by”
19:23 rsor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠שָׂבֵ֥עַ 1 Here, **the satisfied one** refers to a person who has **The fear of Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and such a person is a satisfied one who”
19:23 lmjn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יָ֝לִ֗ין 1 The phrase **stay overnight** here is an idiom that refers to resting or sleeping. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will rest”
19:23 gyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד רָֽע 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “evil will not visit him”
19:23 gyg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד רָֽע 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “evil will not visit him”
19:23 lg6g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד רָֽע 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person experiencing **evil** as if **evil** were a person who could visit him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will not experience evil”
19:23 x8ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רָֽע 1 Here, **evil** refers to trouble that someone might experience as a result of **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “trouble”\n
19:24 wf2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָצֵ֣ל יָ֭ד⁠וֹ & גַּם־אֶל־פִּ֝֗י⁠הוּ לֹ֣א יְשִׁיבֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 **A lazy one**, **his**, and **he** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. See how you translated this **A lazy one** in [10:26](../10/26.md). Alternate translation: “Any lazy one … that person’s hand … that person will not even return it to that person’s own mouth”
@ -2453,7 +2451,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
20:2 rl5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism חוֹטֵ֥א נַפְשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 Here, in a polite way Solomon refers to causing one’s own death by using the phrase **wrongs his life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “will cause his end” or “will cause himself to be killed”
20:3 ru7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כָּב֣וֹד & שֶׁ֣בֶת מֵ⁠רִ֑יב 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **Honor**, **cessation** and **strife**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Being honorable … is ceasing to strive”
20:3 jxne rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לָ֭⁠אִישׁ 1 The word **man** represents people in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “for a person”
20:3 gf5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתְגַּלָּֽע 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **fool** eagerly starting an argument as if the argument were something that suddenly **breaks out**. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every fool eagerly gets into an argument”
20:3 gf5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתְגַּלָּֽע 1 Here, Solomon refers to a **fool** eagerly starting an argument as if the argument were something that suddenly **breaks out**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every fool eagerly gets into an argument”
20:4 hvid rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun עָצֵ֣ל & וְשָׁאַ֖ל 1 **A lazy one** and **he** here refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any lazy person … and that person begs”
20:4 cva3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ֭⁠חֹרֶף 1 The phrase **from winter** refers to the time when the people in Solomon’s area would prepare their fields to grow crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “during the proper time to plow”
20:4 qkwb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְשָׁאַ֖ל 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of what happened in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “and it causes him to bed”\n
@ -2491,7 +2489,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
20:10 fk9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [3:32](../03/32.md).
20:10 zuu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שְׁנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 This phrase refers to the unequal weights and measurements called **Stone and stone** and **ephah and ephah** earlier in the verse. However, Solomon does not mean that **Yahweh** actually hates these weights and measurements. Rather, he means that **Yahweh** hates people using these things dishonestly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the dishonest use of these things”
20:11 kul3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ֭⁠מַעֲלָלָי⁠ו יִתְנַכֶּר־נָ֑עַר & פָּעֳלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a young man**, **himself** and **his** refer to a young person in general, not a specific **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “youths will make themselves known by their deeds … are their behavior”
20:11 yym3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִתְנַכֶּר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will make other people know him”
20:11 yym3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִתְנַכֶּר 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will make other people know him”
20:12 we5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אֹ֣זֶן שֹׁ֭מַעַת וְ⁠עַ֣יִן רֹאָ֑ה & שְׁנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 Here, **ear** and **eye** represent these body parts in general, not one particular **ear** and **eye**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Hearing ears and seeing eyes … all of them”
20:13 h9et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אַל־תֶּֽאֱהַ֣ב שֵׁ֭נָה 1 The phrase**love sleep** means to **sleep** a lot because one loves to **sleep**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not sleep a lot”
20:13 ell4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast פְּקַ֖ח עֵינֶ֣י⁠ךָ שְֽׂבַֽע־לָֽחֶם 1 The idea of this clause is in contrast with the idea of the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “instead, open your eyes, be satisfied with bread”
@ -2521,7 +2519,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
20:17 lnt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶ֣חֶם 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).
20:17 gjt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שָׁ֑קֶר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **falsehood** in [6:17](../06/17.md).
20:17 zi4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִמָּֽלֵא־פִ֥י⁠הוּ חָצָֽץ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person experiencing bad results because of eating **bread of falsehood** as if **his mouth** were **filled with gravel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express them meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “he will experience unpleasantness” or “he will have bad results as if his mouth were filled with sand”
20:18 mjl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַ֭חֲשָׁבוֹת בְּ⁠עֵצָ֣ה תִכּ֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Counsel establishes plans”
20:18 mjl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַ֭חֲשָׁבוֹת בְּ⁠עֵצָ֣ה תִכּ֑וֹן 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Counsel establishes plans”
20:18 amqi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵצָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **counsel** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
20:18 b3nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וּ֝⁠בְ⁠תַחְבֻּל֗וֹת 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is the intended result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Therefore, by guidance”
20:18 a1pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠בְ⁠תַחְבֻּל֗וֹת עֲשֵׂ֣ה מִלְחָמָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **guidance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and let others guide you when you make war”
@ -2549,7 +2547,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
20:23 stds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [20:10](../20/10.md).
20:23 d09b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠מֹאזְנֵ֖י מִרְמָ֣ה 1 See how you translated **scales of deceit** in [11:1](../11/01.md).
20:23 l8ok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־טֽוֹב 1 See how you translated the same use of **not good** in [16:29](../16/29.md).
20:24 re6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִצְעֲדֵי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps”
20:24 re6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִצְעֲדֵי 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps”
20:24 i9ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִצְעֲדֵי & דַּרְכּֽ⁠וֹ 1 In this verse, **steps** and **way** refers to the things that people experience during their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of “path” in [4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “are what the life experiences of … his life experiences”
20:24 k0am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun גָ֑בֶר וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם & דַּרְכּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a strong man**, **a man**, and **his** refer to types of people in general, not to a specific **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “any strong person, so … a person … that person’s way”
20:24 mfy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם מַה־יָּבִ֥ין דַּרְכּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “so surely a man cannot understand his way!”
@ -2748,7 +2746,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
22:8 sjnx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠שֵׁ֖בֶט עֶבְרָת֣⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **rod** that a **sower of iniquity** uses to express his **rage** by oppressing people. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and the rod he uses to oppressively express his rage”
22:8 htf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שֵׁ֖בֶט 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person’s authority over other people as if it were a **rod**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the authority of”
22:9 cdse rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun טֽוֹב־עַ֭יִן ה֣וּא & נָתַ֖ן מִ⁠לַּחְמ֣⁠וֹ 1 **The one good of eye**, **he**, and **his** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person good of eye, that person … that person gives from that person’s own bread”
22:9 zhf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy טֽוֹב־עַ֭יִן 1 Here, **good of eye** refers to seeing what other people need and generously helping them. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The generous one” or “The person who is generous to those in need”
22:9 zhf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy טֽוֹב־עַ֭יִן 1 Here, **good of eye** refers to seeing what other people need and generously helping them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The generous one” or “The person who is generous to those in need”
22:9 nxi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ה֣וּא יְבֹרָ֑ךְ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless him”
22:9 vs46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠לַּחְמ֣⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the same use of **bread** in [9:5](../09/05.md).\n
22:9 vzvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠דָּֽל 1 See how you translated the same use of **lowly** in [10:15](../10/15.md).
@ -3445,7 +3443,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
27:14 xjs1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מְבָ֘רֵ֤ךְ רֵעֵ֨⁠הוּ & בַּ⁠בֹּ֣קֶר הַשְׁכֵּ֑ים & לֽ⁠וֹ 1 **One who blesses**, **his neighbor**, **the rising morning**, and **him** represent types of people and mornings in general, not a specific people or **morning**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “Any person who blesses any neighbor … in any rising morning … to that neighbor”\n
27:14 xlwx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּ⁠ק֣וֹל גָּ֭דוֹל 1 Here, **great** refers to the **voice** being loud. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with a loud voice”
27:14 ckpj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַּ⁠בֹּ֣קֶר הַשְׁכֵּ֑ים 1 Here, Solomon refers to the early **morning** as if it were **rising** because the Sun appears to rise on the horizon in the **morning**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at dawn”
27:14 z5ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive קְ֝לָלָ֗ה תֵּחָ֥שֶׁב לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that neighbor will consider it to be a curse”
27:14 z5ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive קְ֝לָלָ֗ה תֵּחָ֥שֶׁב לֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that neighbor will consider it to be a curse”
27:15 caj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile דֶּ֣לֶף ט֭וֹרֵד בְּ⁠י֣וֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת מדונים נִשְׁתָּוָֽה 1 Here, **alike** indicates that Solomon is comparing **a woman of quarrels** to continually **dripping** water on a rainy **day** because both are annoying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar use of **dripping** in [19:13](../19/13.md). Alternate translation: “Bothersome like a continual dripping on a day of steady rain is a woman of quarrels” or “As annoying as a continual dripping of water on a rainy is a woman of quarrels”\n
27:15 bh2v וְ⁠אֵ֥שֶׁת מדונים 1 See how you translated **a woman of quarrels** in [21:9](../21/09.md).
27:16 emob צֹפְנֶ֥י⁠הָ צָֽפַן 1 The word translated as **hides** in this verse is considered by some scholars to also mean “restrains.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.\n
@ -3460,7 +3458,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
27:17 jsvp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פְּנֵֽי 1 Here, Solomon uses **face** to refer to a person’s character or how a person thinks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the character of”
27:18 gbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun נֹצֵ֣ר תְּ֭אֵנָה יֹאכַ֣ל פִּרְיָ֑⁠הּ וְ⁠שֹׁמֵ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י⁠ו 1 **One who guards**, **a fig tree**, **its**, **one who protects**, and **his** represent fig trees and types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who guards any fig tree will eat the fruit of that tree, and any person who protects that person’s master”
27:18 ywjy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile וְ⁠שֹׁמֵ֖ר 1 Here, **and** indicates that Solomon is comparing what follows to what he said in the previous clause. Solomon is saying that **one who protects his masters** is like **One who guards a fig tree** because both receive a reward for their work. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the same way one who protects”\n
27:18 d71d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְכֻבָּֽד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those masters will honor”
27:18 d71d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְכֻבָּֽד 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those masters will honor”
27:19 kla0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis כַּ֭⁠מַּיִם הַ⁠פָּנִ֣ים לַ⁠פָּנִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן לֵֽב־הָ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם לָ⁠אָדָֽם 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “As the water reflects the face to the face, so the heart of the man reflects to the man”
27:19 bvj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּ֭⁠מַּיִם הַ⁠פָּנִ֣ים לַ⁠פָּנִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן לֵֽב־הָ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם לָ⁠אָדָֽם 1 The words **As** and **so** in this verse indicate that Solomon is comparing **water** with **the heart of a man**. The point is that both reveal what someone really is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this more explicit. Alternate translation: “Just like the water shows the face to the face, so the heart of a man shows to the man who he really is”
27:19 tpu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כַּ֭⁠מַּיִם הַ⁠פָּנִ֣ים לַ⁠פָּנִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן לֵֽב־הָ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם לָ⁠אָדָֽם 1 Here, **the water**, **the face**, **the heart**, and **the man** refer to things and people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “As water reflects any face to itself, so any person’s heart reflects to that person”
@ -3544,7 +3542,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
28:10 pv8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מַשְׁגֶּ֤ה יְשָׁרִ֨ים & בִּ⁠שְׁחוּת֥⁠וֹ הֽוּא־יִפּ֑וֹל 1 **One who leads**, **his**, **he**, and **himself** refer to a type of person in general, not a specific person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “Any person who leads upright ones astray … into that person’s own pit that person will fall”
28:10 hgy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַשְׁגֶּ֤ה יְשָׁרִ֨ים ׀ בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ רָ֗ע 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone causing **upright ones** to behave in a manner that is **evil** as if he were leading those people down a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of “lead them astray” in [12:26](../12/26.md) and **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “One who causes upright ones to behave in an evil manner”\n
28:10 nxid rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠דֶ֥רֶךְ רָ֗ע 1 See how you translated **way of evil** in [2:12](../02/12.md).
28:10 tw7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠שְׁחוּת֥⁠וֹ הֽוּא־יִפּ֑וֹל 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person unintentionally destroying himself by trying to harm someone else as if that person falls **into his pit** that he had dug to trap someone else. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will end up destroying himself by his behavior”
28:10 tw7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּ⁠שְׁחוּת֥⁠וֹ הֽוּא־יִפּ֑וֹל 1 Here, Solomon refers to a person unintentionally destroying himself by trying to harm someone else as if that person falls **into his pit** that he had dug to trap someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will end up destroying himself by his behavior”
28:10 um6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים 1 See how you translated **blameless ones** in [2:21](../02/21.md).
28:10 w756 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחֲלוּ־טֽוֹב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **blameless ones** receiving many **good** things as if **good** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. See how you translated the same use of **inherit** in [3:35](../03/35.md).\n
28:10 g3pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns טֽוֹב 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **good** in [11:27](../11/27.md).
@ -3562,7 +3560,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
28:13 h8gm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מְכַסֶּ֣ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone concealing **his transgressions** as if **transgressions** were objects that someone **covers**. See how you translated the same use of **covers** in [10:6](../10/06.md).
28:13 gqdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פְ֭שָׁעָי⁠ו 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **transgressions** in [10:12](../10/12.md).
28:13 wef9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠מוֹדֶ֖ה וְ⁠עֹזֵ֣ב 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but one who confesses and forsakes his transgressions”
28:13 m9fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְרֻחָֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh will do the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show mercy to”
28:13 m9fz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְרֻחָֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context implies that Yahweh will do the action. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will show mercy to”
28:14 ijf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָ֭דָם & וּ⁠מַקְשֶׁ֥ה לִ֝בּ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, **a man**, **one who hardens**, and **his** refer to types of people in general, not specific people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “is any person … but any person who hardens that person’s own heart”
28:14 lmxv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְפַחֵ֣ד תָּמִ֑יד 1 Here, **in terror continually** refers to reverently fearing Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who is in terror of Yahweh continually”
28:14 ymm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מַקְשֶׁ֥ה לִ֝בּ֗⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person being stubbornly opposed to Yahweh as if he made **his heart** hard. The word **heart** here refers to a person’s mind and will, as in [2:2](../02/02.md). If the heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. If a translation is available in your language, see how it translated a similar expression in [Exodus 7:3](../exo/07/03.md). Alternate translation: “but one who is stubborn against Yahweh”\n
@ -3901,7 +3899,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
30:31 eunr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun זַרְזִ֣יר מָתְנַ֣יִם אוֹ־תָ֑יִשׁ וּ֝⁠מֶ֗לֶךְ אַלְק֥וּם עִמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, **one girded of loans**, **a male goat**, **a king**, and **one** refer to animals or people in general, not specific animals or people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use more natural expressions. Alternate translation: “those girded of loins, or any male goat, and any king against whom any person does not rise up”
30:31 f30z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom זַרְזִ֣יר מָתְנַ֣יִם 1 Many scholars believe that this is an idiom that refers to a rooster that struts proudly. Roosters are male birds that walk around in a proud manner. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bird, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “strutting roosters” or “a male bird that struts proudly”
30:31 mnr8 אַלְק֥וּם עִמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Some scholars believe that the phrase translated as **against whom one does not rise up** could also be translated as “whose army is with him.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.\n
30:32 uf0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְ⁠הִתְנַשֵּׂ֑א 1 Here, Agur speaks of someone honoring himself as if he were **lifting up** himself for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by honoring yourself”\n
30:32 uf0a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְ⁠הִתְנַשֵּׂ֑א 1 Here, Agur speaks of someone honoring himself as if he were **lifting up** himself for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by honoring yourself”\n
30:32 pa5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָ֣ד לְ⁠פֶֽה 1 Here, Agur uses the phrase **a hand be to mouth** to refer to tell someone to stop doing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “stop doing those things”
30:33 bu1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here introduces the reason for obeying the command stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate reason. Alternate translation: “Stop doing these things because”
30:33 nj7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ֪יץ חָלָ֡ב י֘וֹצִ֤יא חֶמְאָ֗ה וּֽ⁠מִיץ־אַ֭ף י֣וֹצִיא דָ֑ם וּ⁠מִ֥יץ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם י֣וֹצִיא רִֽיב 1 Here, Agur mentions three cause-and-effect relationships in order to teach that doing what he described in the previous verse will have bad results. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile. Alternate translation: “just like the squeezing of milk brings out butter, and the squeezing of the nose brings out blood, and the squeezing of nostrils brings out strife, so does doing these things cause bad things to happen”

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