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unfoldingWord to Gateway Language

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@ -7,80 +7,80 @@ Gateway Language Checking
.. _glchecking-checkingult:
Checking the ULT
Checking the GLT
----------------
.. note:: This module answers the question, "What are the guidelines for checking the ULT?"
.. note:: This module answers the question, "What are the guidelines for checking the Gateway Language Literal Text (GLT)?"
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transult`, :ref:`gltranslation-adaptult`, :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Steps in Checking a Translation <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/04-checking.html#vol2-steps>`_, :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Things to Check <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/04-checking.html#vol2-things-to-check>`_
When checking the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, remember that the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` needs to retain the original grammatical forms (as far as possible), the idioms, and the figures of speech of the original so that the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator can consider them and use them if they communicate the right thing in the target language. If those forms get changed in a :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, then the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator will never see them and the notes about them will not make sense.
When checking the :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)`, remember that the :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)` needs to retain the original grammatical forms (as far as possible), the idioms, and the figures of speech of the original so that the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator can consider them and use them if they communicate the right thing in the target language. If those forms get changed in a :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, then the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator will never see them and the notes about them will not make sense.
When you are checking the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, you must only compare it to the English :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. Do not refer to any other version of the Bible when checking the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. The :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` may not be as smooth and clear as the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` Bible that you are used to, because it is showing the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator the forms of the original biblical languages. Please do not try to make the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` sound like your favorite translation of the Bible in your language.
When you are checking the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, you must only compare it to the English :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. Do not refer to any other version of the Bible when checking the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. The :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` may not be as smooth and clear as the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` Bible that you are used to, because it is showing the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator the forms of the original biblical languages. Please do not try to make the :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)` sound like your favorite translation of the Bible in your language.
What Should Be Checked in the ULT?
What Should Be Checked in the GLT?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. include:: /includes/typesofthingstocheck.txt
#. **Idioms** - If there is an idiom in the source :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, then that same idiom should be in the target :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. If the idiom does not make sense in the target language, make sure that there is a note that explains its meaning. If there is not a note for it, then write one in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` that explains its meaning.
#. **Figures of Speech** - If there is a figure of speech in the source :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, then that same figure of speech should be in the target :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. If the figure of speech does not make sense in the target language, make sure that there is a note that explains its meaning. If there is not a note for it, then write one in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` that explains its meaning.
#. **Grammatical Forms** - Check to see if the grammatical forms, that is, the order of words in the sentence or the way that the words are arranged, is the same in the target GLT as they are in the English source :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. If the words are arranged differently, ask yourself if they could be arranged the same as the words in the English :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` and still make good sense, or if it is necessary for them to be arranged in a different way in the GLT. If they would still make good sense in a way that an Other Language translator would understand, then put them in the same arrangement as in the English. If they are in a different arrangement because that is what makes sense in the target :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`, then leave them in the different arrangement.
#. **Idioms** - If there is an idiom in the source :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, then that same idiom should be in the target :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)`. If the idiom does not make sense in the target language, make sure that there is a note that explains its meaning. If there is not a note for it, then write one in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` that explains its meaning.
#. **Figures of Speech** - If there is a figure of speech in the source :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, then that same figure of speech should be in the target :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)`. If the figure of speech does not make sense in the target language, make sure that there is a note that explains its meaning. If there is not a note for it, then write one in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` that explains its meaning.
#. **Grammatical Forms** - Check to see if the grammatical form, that is, the order of words in the sentence or the way that the words are arranged, is the same in the target GLT as they are in the English source :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. If the words are arranged differently, ask yourself if they could be arranged the same as the words in the English :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` and still make good sense, or if it is necessary for them to be arranged in a different way in the GLT. If they would still make good sense in a way that an Other Language translator would understand, then put them in the same arrangement as in the English. This is because the English :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` is attempting to reproduce the grammar of the original, as much as possible, so that the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator can see it. But if the words are in a different arrangement because that is what makes sense in the target :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`, then leave them in the different arrangement.
What Should Not Be Checked in the ULT?
What Should Not Be Checked in the GLT?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
It is not necessary to check the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` for naturalness with speakers of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`. The :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` will not be natural in some cases because it is designed to retain the forms of the biblical languages, as far as the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` allows.
It is not necessary to check the :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)` for naturalness with speakers of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`. The :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)` will not be natural in some cases because it is designed to retain the forms of the biblical languages, as far as the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` allows.
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transtn`, :ref:`glchecking-checkingtn`, :ref:`glchecking-checkingust`
.. _glchecking-checkingust:
Checking the UST
Checking the GST
----------------
.. note:: This module answers the question, "What are the guidelines for checking the UST?"
.. note:: This module answers the question, "What are the guidelines for checking the GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)?"
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transust`, :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Steps in Checking a Translation <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/04-checking.html#vol2-steps>`_, :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Things to Check <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/04-checking.html#vol2-things-to-check>`_
When checking the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, remember that the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` does not use figures of speech, idioms, abstract nouns, or grammatical forms that are difficult to translate into many languages. The purpose of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` is to change all of these problematic grammatical forms into more universal ones to make them easier to translate, and to make the meaning as clear as possible.
When checking the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)`, remember that the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` does not use figures of speech, idioms, abstract nouns, or grammatical forms that are difficult to translate into many languages. The purpose of the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` is to change all of these problematic grammatical forms into more universal ones to make them easier to translate, and to make the meaning as clear as possible.
When you are checking the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, you must only compare it to the English :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`. Do not refer to any other version of the Bible when checking the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`. The :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` may not be as smooth and natural as the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` Bible that you are used to, because it does not use many of the forms of expression that make a language sound natural. These forms of expression are different for every language. So please do not try to make the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` sound like your favorite translation of the Bible in your language.
When you are checking the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, you must only compare it to the English :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`. Do not refer to any other version of the Bible when checking the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)`. The :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` may not be as smooth and natural as the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` Bible that you are used to, because it does not use many of the forms of expression that make a language sound natural. These forms of expression are different for every language. So please do not try to make the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` sound like your favorite translation of the Bible in your language.
What Should Be Checked in the UST?
What Should Be Checked in the GST?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. include:: /includes/typesofthingstocheck.txt
#. **Sentence length** - If you see any long or complex sentences in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, see how you might break them up into shorter sentences.
#. **Passive voice** - If you see a passive voice construction in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, check to see what it was in the English source :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` and change it so that it is active.
#. **Abstract Nouns** - If you see an abstract noun in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, check to see what it was in the English source :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` and change the abstract noun back to an action or description word.
#. **Events out of order** - Make sure that the events in your Gateway Language :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` are in the order that they occurred. Also make sure that the logical flow of arguments, such as occur in many of the New Testament letters, is in a natural order that makes sense in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`.
#. **Figures of speech and idioms** - Make sure that the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` does not contain any figures of speech or idioms. Instead, it should use only plain, clear language.
#. **Sentence length** - If you see any long or complex sentences in the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)`, see how you might break them up into shorter sentences.
#. **Passive voice** - If you see a passive voice construction in the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)`, check to see what it was in the English source :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` and change it so that it is active.
#. **Abstract Nouns** - If you see an abstract noun in the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)`, check to see what it was in the English source :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` and change the abstract noun back to an action or description word.
#. **Events out of order** - Make sure that the events in your :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` are in the order that they occurred. Also make sure that the logical flow of arguments, such as occur in many of the New Testament letters, is in a natural order that makes sense in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`.
#. **Figures of speech and idioms** - Make sure that the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` does not contain any figures of speech or idioms. Instead, it should use only plain, clear language.
If you see any of these forms in the English :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, email <help@door43.org> to let them know of the error.
It is also useful to check the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` for clarity with speakers of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`, but do not confuse clarity with naturalness (see below). You can read a passage from the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` to a speaker of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` and ask if the meaning is clear. If they say, "Yes," that is enough. If they also say, "But I would say it differently," that is fine. We expect that they would say it differently. But the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` needs to say it in a plain way. As long as the meaning of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` is clear, it is a successful translation.
It is also useful to check the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` for clarity with speakers of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`, but do not confuse clarity with naturalness (see below). You can read a passage from the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` to a speaker of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` and ask if the meaning is clear. If they say, "Yes," that is enough. If they also say, "But I would say it differently," that is fine. We expect that they would say it differently. But the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` needs to say it in a plain way. As long as the meaning of the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` is clear, it is a successful translation.
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transust`
What Should Not Be Checked in the UST?
What Should Not Be Checked in the GST?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
It is not necessary to check the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` for naturalness with speakers of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`. The :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` will very often not be completely natural because it avoids some forms that languages naturally use such as idioms and figures of speech. The :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` avoids these because they are specific to individual languages and do not translate well from one language to another.
It is not necessary to check the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` for naturalness with speakers of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`. The :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` will very often not be completely natural because it avoids some forms that languages naturally use such as idioms and figures of speech. The :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` must avoid these because they are specific to individual languages and do not translate well from one language to another.
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transtn`, :ref:`glchecking-checkingtn`
.. _glchecking-checkingtn:
Checking translationNotes
Checking the GL translationNotes (GTN)
-------------------------
.. note:: This module answers the question, "What are the guidelines for checking translationNotes?"
.. note:: This module answers the question, "What are the guidelines for checking the GL translationNotes?"
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transtn`, :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Steps in Checking a Translation <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/04-checking.html#vol2-steps>`_, :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Things to Check <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/04-checking.html#vol2-things-to-check>`_
When checking :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)`, remember that :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` are very closely tied to the text of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. The purpose of :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` is to explain any phrases or sentences in the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` that are hard to understand or hard to translate.
When checking :abbr:`GTN (Gateway Language translationNotes)`, remember that :abbr:`GTN (Gateway Language translationNotes)` are very closely tied to the text of the :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)`. The purpose of :abbr:`GTN (Gateway Language translationNotes)` is to explain any phrases or sentences in the :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)` that are hard to understand or hard to translate.
What Should Be Checked?
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ What Should Be Checked?
.. include:: /includes/typesofthingstocheck.txt
#. Make sure that the phrase in each note that translates the phrase from the English :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` is exactly the same as the corresponding phrase in its translation in the Gateway Language Literal Text (GLT). In other words, the phrase in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` Notes must quote the phrase from the GLT accurately. The words must be exactly the same.
#. Check the meaning of the note in the English UTN and make sure that the GL :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` has the same meaning.
#. In the same way, make sure that any quotations of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` have the exact wording of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`.
#. Check that the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` makes sense with the GLT. It is possible that the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translator made a good translation of the English UTN but when the note is read with the new GLT, it might not explain the GLT in the right way, or it might not make sense with the GLT. In that case, you will need to discuss the problem with the translator. Then you will need to decide how to change the note so that it explains the GLT in a way that will be helpful to the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator.
#. Check that all references in the Notes to the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` make sense when read with the GST.
#. If the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translator has decided that a note does not apply to the GLT and has deleted the note from the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)`, check to make sure that the note was not needed.
#. Check the meaning of the note in the English UTN and make sure that the :abbr:`GTN (Gateway Language translationNotes)` has the same meaning.
#. In the same way, make sure that any quotations of the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` have the exact wording of the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)`.
#. Check that the :abbr:`GTN (Gateway Language translationNotes)` makes sense with the GLT. It is possible that the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translator made a good translation of the English UTN but when the note is read with the new GLT, it might not explain the GLT in the right way, or it might not make sense with the GLT. In that case, you will need to discuss the problem with the translator. Then you will need to decide how to change the note so that it explains the GLT in a way that will be helpful to the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator.
#. Check that all references in the Notes to the :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)` make sense when read with the GST.
#. If the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translator has decided that a note does not apply to the GLT and has deleted the note from the :abbr:`GTN (Gateway Language translationNotes)`, check to make sure that the note was not needed.
#. If the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translator has written a new note, check to make sure that it was needed, and that it makes sense with the GLT.
In order to check the :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` for naturalness and clarity, you will need to have people read them together with the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` and :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`. Then ask them to mark anything that is not clear to them, or that they would say in a different way. Then give this feedback to the translator so that he can make those places clearer and more natural.
In order to check the :abbr:`GTN (Gateway Language translationNotes)` for naturalness and clarity, you will need to have people read them together with the :abbr:`GLT (Gateway Language Literal Text)` and :abbr:`GST (Gateway Language Simplified Text)`. Then ask them to mark anything that is not clear to them, or that they would say in a different way. Then give this feedback to the translator so that he can make those places clearer and more natural.
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transtn`, :ref:`glchecking-checkingult`, :ref:`glchecking-checkingust`