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2front:introsyt50# Introduction to Joshua\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of Joshua\n\n1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)\n- Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)\n- Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)\n- The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)\n- Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)\n1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)\n1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)\n\n### What is the Book of Joshua about?\n\nThe Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThis book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?\n\nThe book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?\n\nIn the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?\n\nThis phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.\n\n### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?\n\nThis phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.\n\n### When should Joshua be translated?\n\nThe Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.
31:intror7gc0# Joshua 1 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Be strong and Courageous\n\nJoshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.
41:1s8u5יְהוָ֑ה1This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
51:1eka2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesנ֔וּן1Joshua’s father (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
61:2le23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomעֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֗ה1To “cross over” means “go to the opposite bank of the river.” Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
71:2vix4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youאַתָּה֙ וְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֣ם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה1The word “you” here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
81:3v1l7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfutureכָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם בּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו1God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: “I will give to you every place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
91:3xjc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youבּ֖⁠וֹ לָ⁠כֶ֣ם נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ו1The word “you” refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
101:3t94erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomכָּל־מָק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְ⁠כֶ֛ם1This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “everywhere you go in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
111:4wl7aGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
121:4nbe3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youגְּבוּלְ⁠כֶֽם1The word “your” refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
131:5w48wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youיִתְיַצֵּ֥ב & לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠ךָ1In verse 5 the words “you” and “your” refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
141:5iq2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletלֹ֥א אַרְפְּ⁠ךָ֖ וְ⁠לֹ֥א אֶעֶזְבֶֽ⁠ךָּ1The words “abandon” and “leave” mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: “I will certainly stay with you always” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
151:6a5ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperativeGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nYahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
161:6gn34rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperativeחֲזַ֖ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֑ץ1Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
171:7db9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperativeאַל־תָּס֥וּר מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֣ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול1This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: “Follow it exactly” or “Follow them exactly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
181:7jy5xתַּשְׂכִּ֔יל1“achieve your goal” or “reach your goal”
191:8t4mzGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
201:8lcs7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletתַּצְלִ֥יחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶ֖⁠ךָ וְ⁠אָ֥ז תַּשְׂכִּֽיל1These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
211:9vt4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionהֲ⁠ל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֨י⁠ךָ֙1This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
221:9fnz8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperativeחֲזַ֣ק וֶ⁠אֱמָ֔ץ1Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
231:10b59xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitהָ⁠עָ֖ם1This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
241:11f3rgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesעִבְר֣וּ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה וְ⁠צַוּ֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר הָכִ֥ינוּ לָ⁠כֶ֖ם צֵידָ֑ה כִּ֞י בְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים אַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵי⁠כֶ֔ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠כֶ֖ם לְ⁠רִשְׁתָּֽ⁠הּ1Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: “Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
251:11ck8hבְּ⁠ע֣וֹד׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים1Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days from now” or “On the day after tomorrow”
261:11wg1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomעֹֽבְרִים֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֣ן1“cross over” refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: “travel to the other side of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
271:12uji6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
281:12fx7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠לָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִי֙1These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
291:12z8vhrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י1These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
301:14mm4qGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
311:14tf68טַפְּ⁠כֶם֮1“your little children”
321:14fb4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomבְּ⁠עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן1This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side “beyond the Jordan.” But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
331:15b5ytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomאֲשֶׁר־יָנִ֨יחַ & לַֽ⁠אֲחֵי⁠כֶם֮1This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
341:15g4ezוְ⁠שַׁבְתֶּ֞ם לְ⁠אֶ֤רֶץ יְרֻשַּׁתְ⁠כֶם֙ וִֽ⁠ירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם1This refers to living out their life on the land in peace.
351:15rrj2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomבְּ⁠עֵ֥בֶר הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרַ֥ח הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ1This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
361:16c7t9General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua.
371:18rel4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismיַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗י⁠ךָ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛י⁠ךָ1These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
381:18lbc3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveיוּמָ֑ת1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will put to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
391:18zez7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismחֲזַ֥ק וֶ⁠אֱמָֽץ1Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
402:introvg4m0# Joshua 2 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Rahab’s faith\n\nRahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “ … melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
412:1ig8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesנ֠וּן1This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
422:1w886rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֞ים1This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
432:1z78bמְרַגְּלִים֙1These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
442:4k613General Information:0# General Information:\n\nRahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm.
452:4l15yוַ⁠תִּקַּ֧ח הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽ⁠תִּצְפְּנ֑⁠וֹ1This happened before the king’s messenger spoke to her.
462:4am3mהָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֛ה1This refers to Rahab, the prostitute.
472:5j3x6בַּ⁠חֹ֨שֶׁךְ֙1This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night.
482:6l5zbrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundוְ⁠הִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַ⁠ם הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה וַֽ⁠תִּטְמְנֵ⁠ם֙ בְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָ⁠עֵ֔ץ הָ⁠עֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖⁠הּ עַל־הַ⁠גָּֽג1This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
492:6st56הַ⁠גָּ֑גָ⁠ה1The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it.
502:6b99cבְּ⁠פִשְׁתֵּ֣י1a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth
512:7kdj3וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵי⁠הֶם֙1The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md).
522:7p4sxהַֽ⁠מַּעְבְּר֑וֹת1places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it
532:8ds5erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomטֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּ⁠ן1This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
542:9t8zyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youיָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ1The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
552:9xr6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְ⁠כֶם֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ1Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
562:9u74zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנָמֹ֛גוּ & מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶֽם1This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
572:10m3e1General Information:0# General Information:\n\nRahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
582:10bcm2יַם־סוּף֙1This is another name for the Red Sea.
592:10c6i6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלְ⁠סִיחֹ֣ן וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֔וֹג1These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
602:11qx6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletוַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔⁠נוּ וְ⁠לֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּ⁠אִ֖ישׁ1These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase “our hearts melted” compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
612:12j6szGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nRahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
622:12nmi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismהִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִ⁠י֙ & וּ⁠נְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖⁠י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת1These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
632:12nh3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youעָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּ⁠כֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד1The word “you” refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
642:13m6i6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismוְ⁠הַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־ & וְ⁠הִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מִ⁠מָּֽוֶת1a polite way of saying “do not to kill us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
652:14ji8qGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](../02/12.md)
662:14yb7irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomנַפְשֵׁ֤⁠נוּ תַחְתֵּי⁠כֶם֙ לָ⁠מ֔וּת1This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. Alternate translation: “If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
672:15b3drGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab.
682:17dmh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo0This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, “this,” refers to “tie this scarlet rope in the window” in [Joshua 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
692:18e4iwGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab.
702:18x2n8Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe Israelite spies clarify the condition they expressed in [Joshua 2:15](../02/15.md).
712:19vdc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֩ מִ⁠דַּלְתֵ֨י1This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
722:19k27wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyדָּמ֥⁠וֹ בְ⁠רֹאשׁ֖⁠וֹ1Here “blood” represents a person’s death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. Alternate translation: “their death will be their own fault” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
732:19m728וַ⁠אֲנַ֣חְנוּ נְקִיִּ֑ם1“we will be innocent”
742:19qg47rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismאִם־יָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶה־בּֽ⁠וֹ1Here “a hand is laid upon” is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. Alternate translation: “if we cause injury to any” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
752:20ew4zGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family.
762:20e659rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youוְ⁠אִם־תַּגִּ֖ידִי1“You” refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
772:21uxw6כְּ⁠דִבְרֵי⁠כֶ֣ם כֶּן1Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family.
782:22gjr5General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe two Israelites spies leave Jericho.
792:22a2i7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitשָׁ֖בוּ הָ⁠רֹדְפִ֑ים1It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. Alternate translation: “their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
802:22y2rjוְ⁠לֹ֥א מָצָֽאוּ1This refers to the men not finding the spies.
812:23zps9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ שְׁנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠אֲנָשִׁים֙1The two men returned back to the Israelite’s camp. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
822:23y6etrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletוַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֜בוּ & וַ⁠יֵּרְד֣וּ & וַ⁠יַּעַבְרוּ֙ וַ⁠יָּבֹ֔אוּ1These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite’s are camped. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
832:23u3isrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוַ⁠יַּעַבְרוּ֙1“cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
842:23i2bkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesנ֑וּן1This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
852:23cv1wאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַ⁠מֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽ⁠ם1“all that the men had experienced and seen.”
862:24rk66בְּ⁠יָדֵ֖⁠נוּ1This word, “us,” refers to Israel.
872:24eh7src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ1The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
883:introqs850# Joshua 3 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God dries the Jordan River\n\nJoshua told the people “Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you.” The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
893:1ct91וַ⁠יַּשְׁכֵּם֩1The phrase, “got up,” means to “awaken.”
903:1y8kdמֵֽ⁠הַ⁠שִּׁטִּ֗ים1A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan.
913:2wz25הַ⁠שֹּׁטְרִ֖ים1These are people holding a position of command or authority.
923:3ghy1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyאֶת־הָ⁠עָ֣ם1This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
933:4tn3hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistanceכְּ⁠אַלְפַּ֥יִם אַמָּ֖ה1“2,000 cubits.” The word “cubit” is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
943:5hy6cהִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ1This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh.
953:5wz6lיַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠קִרְבְּ⁠כֶ֖ם נִפְלָאֽוֹת1Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience.
963:6ts4pשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן1This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another.
973:7u6dtGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nYahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do.
983:7q8udrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאָחֵל֙ גַּדֶּלְ⁠ךָ֔ בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל1The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
993:8b797קְצֵה֙ מֵ֣י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן1Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River.
1003:9pd66General Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do
1013:10u9w6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠הוֹרֵ֣שׁ יוֹרִ֣ישׁ מִ֠⁠פְּנֵי⁠כֶם1Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1023:11zex2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomעֹבֵ֥ר1“cross over” means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “will travel from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1033:12u1wfGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do.
1043:12u1wgGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJust as Israel’s fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
1053:13bej3כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵ֣י1This refers to the bottom of their feet.
1063:13u9rlמִ⁠לְ⁠מָ֑עְלָ⁠ה1This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
1073:13s6udוְ⁠יַעַמְד֖וּ נֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד1The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
1083:15nhu7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheבִּ⁠קְצֵ֣ה הַ⁠מָּ֑יִם1This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1093:15mu2brc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundוְ⁠הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָ֔י⁠ו כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י קָצִֽיר1This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1103:17dp93General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
1113:17tg4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitהַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן1This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1123:17w7z6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomעֹֽבְרִים֙1This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1134:introeh7p0# Joshua 4 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s war\nThe conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
1144:1yem9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronounsGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThough Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1154:1h2p6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomלַ⁠עֲב֖וֹר1The words “crossed over” refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “went across” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1164:1lz4arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן1the Jordan River (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1174:3g6ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotesוְ⁠צַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָ⁠ם֮ לֵ⁠אמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָ⁠כֶ֨ם מִ⁠זֶּ֜ה מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִ⁠מַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְ⁠הַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ עִמָּ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠הִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔⁠ם בַּ⁠מָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠לָּֽיְלָה1The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1184:4r99rGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua tells the twelve men what to do.
1194:5wr9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ⁠הָרִ֨ימוּ לָ⁠כֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔⁠וֹ1Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1204:6v6tnGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean.
1214:7bq5mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveנִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ מִ⁠פְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1224:7gsy5נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙1“The Jordan River was”
1234:7ew13נִכְרְת֜וּ & מִ⁠פְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן1The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests.
1244:7ww74נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙1The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed.
1254:8q4qpGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded.
1264:8f69zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוַ⁠יִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן1This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1274:9igh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוּ⁠שְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֒1These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1284:9yb3yוַ⁠יִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book.
1294:10reg9הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֒1This refers to the Jordan River.
1304:10bl85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהָ⁠עָ֖ם1This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1314:10er8crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹֽרוּ1This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from one side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1324:11vff8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomלִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָ⁠עָֽם1This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1334:12gp7qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוַ֠⁠יַּעַבְרוּ בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֨ן וּ⁠בְנֵי־גָ֜ד וַ⁠חֲצִ֨י שֵׁ֤בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁה֙ חֲמֻשִׁ֔ים לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל1These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1344:14cc5tכַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֛ר יָרְא֥וּ1The word “they” refers to the people of Israel.
1354:15m7sgGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nYahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River.
1364:17xw1xGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation.
1374:18m5z1וַ⁠יָּשֻׁ֤בוּ מֵֽי־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֙ לִ⁠מְקוֹמָ֔⁠ם וַ⁠יֵּלְכ֥וּ כִ⁠תְמוֹל־שִׁלְשׁ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽי⁠ו1The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land.
1384:19bf72עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן1This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
1394:19zy5rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonthsבֶּ⁠עָשׂ֖וֹר לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן1This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1404:20s8s2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ⁠אֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽ⁠אֲבָנִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן1Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1414:22lx8hGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
1424:22p6nkוְ⁠הוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵי⁠כֶ֣ם1It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
1434:24qe29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyאֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא1This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1445:introdv8f0# Joshua 5 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Circumcision\n\nIt would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])\n\n### Manna\n\nYahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.
1455:1el1prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗⁠ם וְ⁠לֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥⁠ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ1These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1465:1q8mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠יִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗⁠ם1Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1475:1a2whrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠לֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥⁠ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ1Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1485:3m1u7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוַ⁠יַּעַשׂ־ל֥⁠וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַ⁠יָּ֨מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י1There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives … they circumcised all the males” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1495:3jin6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesגִּבְעַ֖ת הָ⁠עֲרָלֽוֹת1This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means “the hill of the foreskins.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1505:4i17cGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained.
1515:4uz5pאַנְשֵׁ֣י הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֗ה1the men who were old enough to be soldiers
1525:6k8wlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyשָׁמְע֖וּ בְּ⁠ק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה1Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “obey the things that Yahweh commanded them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1535:6jrp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ1God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1545:9x1q8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהַ⁠יּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵ⁠עֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם1Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here “rolled away” means “removed.” Alternate translation: “This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you” or “You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1555:10tdl1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonthsבְּ⁠אַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַ⁠חֹ֛דֶשׁ1This is near the end of March on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day of the first month” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1565:13iyi7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָי⁠ו֙ וַ⁠יַּ֔רְא וְ⁠הִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד1Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: “he looked up and saw that a man was standing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1575:13x26sוְ⁠הִנֵּה1The word “behold” alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
1585:13kk45וְ⁠חַרְבּ֥⁠וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָד֑⁠וֹ1Here the words “he” and “his” refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
1595:14d8u1וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר1The word “he” refers to the man Joshua saw.
1605:14ds5lלֹ֗א1This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
1615:14r42arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionוַ⁠יִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥י⁠ו אַ֨רְצָ⁠ה֙ וַ⁠יִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ1This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1625:15ge5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionשַׁל־נַֽעַלְ⁠ךָ֙ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔⁠ךָ1This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1636:introuie90# Joshua 6 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh conquers\n\nIt was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1646:1gbz8וִֽ⁠ירִיחוֹ֙1This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
1656:2j65irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfutureנָתַ֣תִּי בְ⁠יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־מַלְכָּ֑⁠הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶ⁠חָֽיִל1Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1666:2v4hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְ⁠יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔1The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1676:3fu9eConnecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nGod continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
1686:3eik2כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים1“You must do this once each day for six days”
1696:4b6mlוְ⁠שִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַ⁠יּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הָ⁠אָר֔וֹן1The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city.
1706:5zdc7Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nGod continues telling Joshua what the people must do.
1716:5d5rgבִּ⁠מְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶן הַ⁠יּוֹבֵ֗ל1The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
1726:5g97vחוֹמַ֤ת הָ⁠עִיר֙1“the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
1736:6h9cnrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesנוּן֙1This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1746:6s5neשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַ⁠בְּרִ֑ית1“Pick up the ark of the covenant”
1756:8l35drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה1Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1766:8vk7jוְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת1“they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
1776:8ayf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוַֽ⁠אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶֽם1It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1786:10ls5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠לֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠לֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִ⁠פִּי⁠כֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר1Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1796:10tw9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-eventsוְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠עָם֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ1Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. Alternate translation: “Joshua had commanded the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1806:13k64vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersוְ⁠שִׁבְעָ֣ה הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֡ים & שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֜וֹת1“7 priests … 7 trumpets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1816:13ai87וְ⁠תָקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת1This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. Alternate translation: “continually sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets continually”
1826:14j232rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalבַּ⁠יּ֤וֹם הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙1the next day (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1836:14r4j1כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ1Israel marched around Jericho once every day.
1846:14p14urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersשֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים1“6 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1856:16fp32הָ⁠עָם֙1This refers to the people of Israel.
1866:16sc3sתָּקְע֥וּ & בַּ⁠שּׁוֹפָר֑וֹת1“sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
1876:16fj73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfutureנָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָ⁠כֶ֖ם1Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
1886:16wdh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youנָתַ֧ן & לָ⁠כֶ֖ם1The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1896:17ugl7Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nJoshua continues speaking to the people of Israel.
1906:17w1snrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠הָיְתָ֨ה הָ⁠עִ֥יר חֵ֛רֶם הִ֥יא וְ⁠כָל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖⁠הּ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה1This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction” or “You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1916:18ypv3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorשִׁמְר֣וּ מִן־הַ⁠חֵ֔רֶם1Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. “Be careful that you do not take the things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1926:18p8xvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠עֲכַרְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתֽ⁠וֹ1Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. Alternate translation: “you will cause bad things to happen to it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1936:19bz6iאוֹצַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה1a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh
1946:20fm69וַ⁠יָּרִ֤יעוּ הָ⁠עָם֙ תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה1“the people of Israel shouted”
1956:20v2v6וַֽ⁠יִּתְקְע֖וּ בַּ⁠שֹּֽׁפָר֑וֹת1“sounded the trumpets loudly” or “blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
1966:24ny39וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֛יר שָׂרְפ֥וּ1The word “they” refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city.
1976:25w9ikrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠תֵּ֨שֶׁב֙ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל1The word “She” refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. Alternate translation: “Her descendants live in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1986:25qlj6עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה1“now” or “even today.” Rahab’s descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story.
1996:26cq3crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאָר֨וּר הָ⁠אִ֜ישׁ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָקוּם֙ וּ⁠בָנָ֞ה1Being cursed in Yahweh’s sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2006:26len7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבִּ⁠בְכֹר֣⁠וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔⁠נָּה1The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son” or “If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2016:26anp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠בִ⁠צְעִיר֖⁠וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽי⁠הָ1The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son” or “If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2026:27brx7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠כָל־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ1This refers to Joshua’s fame, not Yahweh’s. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: “Joshua became famous throughout the land” or “people throughout the land learned about Joshua” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2037:introuv410# Joshua 7 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sin brought defeat\n\nIt was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2047:1mtm4בַּ⁠חֵ֑רֶם1“the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them”
2057:1z3zlrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעָכָ֣ן & כַּרְמִי֩ & זַבְדִּ֨י & זֶ֜רַח1These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2067:1li2vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה1“anger” and “burned” indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger burned like a fire” or “Yahweh was very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2077:3ui7fכָּל־הָ⁠עָם֒1This refers to the army of Israel.
2087:3z2xrמְעַ֖ט הֵֽמָּה1The word “they” refers to the people of Ai.
2097:4i5e8וַ⁠יַּעֲל֤וּ מִן־הָ⁠עָם֙ שָׁ֔מָּ⁠ה כִּ⁠שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ1These men were part of the army. Alternate translation: “three thousand men belonging to the army went up”
2107:4ak54rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersכִּ⁠שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ1“3,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2117:5nyw2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersכִּ⁠שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְ⁠שִׁשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ1“36 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2127:5zcr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוַ⁠יִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם וַ⁠יְהִ֥י לְ⁠מָֽיִם1These phrases “melted” and “became like water” share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2137:5j2v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוַ⁠יִּמַּ֥ס לְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם1Here the people are represented by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “The people were very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2147:5h4tcלְבַב־הָ⁠עָ֖ם1The phrase “the people” refers to the Israelite soldiers.
2157:6ty1crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionוַ⁠יִּקְרַ֨ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ שִׂמְלֹתָ֗י⁠ו וַ⁠יִּפֹּל֩ עַל־פָּנָ֨י⁠ו אַ֜רְצָ⁠ה לִ⁠פְנֵ֨י אֲר֤וֹן יְהוָה֙1They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2167:7jb6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisלָ֠⁠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֤ם הַ⁠זֶּה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָ⁠תֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛⁠נוּ בְּ⁠יַ֥ד הָ⁠אֱמֹרִ֖י לְ⁠הַאֲבִידֵ֑⁠נוּ1Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. Alternate translation: “Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2177:7run5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠יַ֥ד הָ⁠אֱמֹרִ֖י1The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. Alternate translation: “To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2187:7aq5bוְ⁠לוּ֙ הוֹאַ֣לְנוּ1The words “If only” show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. Alternate translation: “I wish we had made a different decision”
2197:8x4pfGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua expresses frustration to God.
2207:8ke9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionבִּ֖י אֲדֹנָ֑⁠י מָ֣ה אֹמַ֔ר אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽי⁠ו1Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. Alternate translation: “I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2217:8s4ebrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהָפַ֧ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹ֖רֶף לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אֹיְבָֽי⁠ו1Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “Israel has run away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2227:9n2kprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠נָסַ֣בּוּ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ וְ⁠הִכְרִ֥יתוּ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֖⁠נוּ מִן־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ1Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2237:9r713rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְ⁠שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֥ הַ⁠גָּדֽוֹל1The phrase “your great name” here represents God’s reputation and power. Alternate translation: “And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2247:9vd3rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionוּ⁠מַֽה־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה לְ⁠שִׁמְ⁠ךָ֥ הַ⁠גָּדֽוֹל1Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. Alternate translation: “Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name.” or “Then people will not know that you are great.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2257:10ev1wGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nYahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed.
2267:10hqu3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionלָ֑⁠ךְ לָ֣⁠מָּה זֶּ֔ה אַתָּ֖ה נֹפֵ֥ל עַל־פָּנֶֽי⁠ךָ1God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. Alternate translation: “Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2277:11lc29הַ⁠חֵ֔רֶם1These are the things “marked for destruction” from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/18.md). Alternate translation: “the cursed things” or “those things which God has cursed”
2287:11dd18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorגָּֽנְבוּ֙ וְ⁠גַ֣ם כִּֽחֲשׁ֔וּ1Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. Alternate translation: “They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2297:12yzi5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠לֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָ⁠קוּם֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם1Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. Alternate translation: “cannot fight successfully against their enemies” or “cannot defeat their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2307:12xix1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyעֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם1Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: “They ran away from their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2317:12fs9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽ⁠הְי֣וֹת עִמָּ⁠כֶ֔ם1Being with Israel represents helping Israel. Alternate translation: “I will not help you any more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2327:13u4s8Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues speaking to Joshua and tells him what to tell the people.
2337:13ln4qאֶת־הָ⁠עָ֔ם1This refers to the people of Israel.
2347:13j4kirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָ⁠קוּם֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔י⁠ךָ1Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: “You cannot fight successfully against your enemies” or “You cannot defeat your enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2357:14gjw9Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues telling Joshua what he must tell the people.
2367:14dp8prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠נִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם בַּ⁠בֹּ֖קֶר לְ⁠שִׁבְטֵי⁠כֶ֑ם1There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase “by your tribes” means “each tribe.” Alternate translation: “each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2377:14scj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomהַ⁠שֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה יִקְרַ֣ב לַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת1The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: “From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2387:14crt9הַ⁠שֵּׁבֶט֩ אֲשֶׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֨⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֜ה1The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot” or “The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots”
2397:14xl85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּחָ֞ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִלְכְּדֶ֤⁠נָּה יְהוָה֙ תִּקְרַ֣ב לַ⁠בָּתִּ֔ים1The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: “From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2407:14q8merc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠הַ⁠בַּ֨יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִלְכְּדֶ֣⁠נּוּ יְהוָ֔ה יִקְרַ֖ב לַ⁠גְּבָרִֽים1The household was made up of multiple people. Alternate translation: “From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2417:15d5nbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveהַ⁠נִּלְכָּ֣ד1This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh selects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2427:15g1vnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעָבַר֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה1Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. Alternate translation: “he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2437:16fdv2General Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua follows Yahweh’s command to bring Israel before Yahweh.
2447:16lzb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֥ב אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִ⁠שְׁבָטָ֑י⁠ו1The phrase “tribe by tribe” means each tribe. Alternate translation: “brought each tribe of Israel near” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2457:16g7qprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ⁠יִּלָּכֵ֖ד שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָֽה1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2467:17br4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוַ⁠יַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַ⁠זַּרְחִי֙ לַ⁠גְּבָרִ֔ים1The phrase “person by person” is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: “He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites” or “From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2477:17z419אֶת־מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַ⁠זַּרְחִי֙1The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
2487:17ha7irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesזַבְדִּֽי1This is a man’s name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2497:18u41urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעָכָ֞ן & כַּרְמִ֧י & זַבְדִּ֛י & זֶ֖רַח1These are men’s names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2507:19k521rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsוְ⁠תֶן־ל֣⁠וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה1The abstract noun “confession” can be expressed with the verb “confess.” Alternate translation: “confess to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2517:19fv9grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי1Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: “Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2527:21b9nnrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweightוּ⁠מָאתַ֧יִם שְׁקָלִ֣ים1This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2537:21y7vjrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweightחֲמִשִּׁ֤ים שְׁקָלִים֙1This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2547:21xw3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveטְמוּנִ֥ים בָּ⁠אָ֛רֶץ1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hid them in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2557:23vh7iוַ⁠יַּצִּקֻ֖⁠ם1Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
2567:24ta3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר1The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2577:25vd6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionמֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔⁠נוּ1Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2587:25i3rqוַ⁠יִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָ⁠ם֙ בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וַ⁠יִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠ם בָּ⁠אֲבָנִֽים1Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
2597:26zcp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵ⁠חֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑⁠וֹ1Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2607:26hfq5עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
2618:introf3jc0# Joshua 8 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sin brought defeat\nIt was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])\n\n### Built an altar\nAltars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.
2628:1l4p8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאַל־תִּירָ֣א וְ⁠אַל־תֵּחָ֔ת1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2638:1den6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyנָתַ֣תִּי בְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָ⁠עַי֙ וְ⁠אֶת־עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־עִיר֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־אַרְצֽ⁠וֹ1Giving them into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: “I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2648:1t7bqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfutureנָתַ֣תִּי1God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2658:2h3r6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוּ⁠לְ⁠מַלְכָּ֗⁠הּ1The word “her” refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: “its king” or “their king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2668:3k4ukעַ֥ם הַ⁠מִּלְחָמָ֖ה1“the army of Israel”
2678:5vtq4General Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers.
2688:7fw9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ⁠נְתָנָ֛⁠הּ & בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם1Here “hand” symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2698:8aj5tGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers.
2708:9yt5nוַ⁠יִּשְׁלָחֵ֣⁠ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ1This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush.
2718:9i3lfהַ⁠מַּאְרָ֔ב1“where they would hide until it was time to attack”
2728:12ycd3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersכַּ⁠חֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ1“5,000 men.” This group seems to be a portion of the “thirty thousand men” ([Joshua 8:9](../08/09.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2738:13j7b9General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai.
2748:13s1luאֶת־כָּל־הַֽ⁠מַּחֲנֶ֗ה1This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group.
2758:13nq1bעֲקֵב֖⁠וֹ1those who were “set in ambush on the west side of the city” ([Joshua 8:12](../08/12.md))
2768:15a83irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠יִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ & לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֑ם1“let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai.” The phrase “before them” represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase “be defeated” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated” or “let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2778:15w933לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֑ם1the army of Ai
2788:15bri5וַ⁠יָּנֻ֖סוּ1The army of Israel fled.
2798:16dr3aוַֽ⁠יִּרְדְּפוּ֙1These occurrences of “they” refer to the army of Ai.
2808:16m6sqלִ⁠רְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵי⁠הֶ֑ם1to go after the army of Isreal
2818:16lcb5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ⁠יִּזָּעֲק֗וּ כָּל־הָ⁠עָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ב⁠עיר1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The city leaders called all the people in the city together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2828:16k8ffrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleכָּל־הָ⁠עָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ב⁠עיר1The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but “all the people” refers only to those who could fight. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2838:17zip6וַ⁠יַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הָ⁠עִיר֙ פְּתוּחָ֔ה1“left the city gates open”
2848:18xe2mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑⁠נָּה1Giving Ai into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. Alternate translation: “I will give you victory over Ai” or “I will cause you to capture Ai” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2858:24v2gfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismכְּ⁠כַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַ⁠הֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י & וַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב1The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God’s command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2868:24dd98rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismוַֽ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב1Here “fallen” is a euphemism for dying. Also, “the edge of the sword” represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “had died in battle” or “had died when the army of Israel attacked them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2878:25d2udrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף1“12,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2888:28uiv3שְׁמָמָ֔ה1It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there.
2898:29wd9uעַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1“today” or “even now”
2908:30xev4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠הַ֖ר עֵיבָֽל1a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2918:35ym6urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesלֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ1This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded” or “Joshua read the entire law of Moses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2928:35kdu7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyיִשְׂרָאֵל֙1This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2939:introw1cx0# Joshua 9 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel’s mistake\n\nIsrael was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2949:1g4h4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֜ן1a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2959:2uj94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyפֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד1Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2969:4r5ybבְּ⁠עָרְמָ֔ה1a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
2979:5q9v6יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים1“dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined”
2989:6rz8erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheאִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל1This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2999:7w599rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠חִוִּ֑י1This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3009:7t1r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionאוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית1Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3019:10kam4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙1This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3029:10s17hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן1This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3039:10pz6yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג1This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3049:10p9edrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת1This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3059:11hq3mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheבְ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶ֤ם1This phrase means “take with you.” Here the word “hand” represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3069:11k7feלִ⁠קְרָאתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙1The word “them” refers to the people of Israel.
3079:15f67zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוַ⁠יַּ֨עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַ⁠יִּכְרֹ֥ת לָ⁠הֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לְ⁠חַיּוֹתָ֑⁠ם וַ⁠יִּשָּׁבְע֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֔ם נְשִׂיאֵ֖י הָ⁠עֵדָֽה1These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3089:15je8prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהָ⁠עֵדָֽה1Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3099:17s1u5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersבַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֑י1This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3109:17q18qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠הַ⁠כְּפִירָ֔ה1This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3119:17j671rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠בְאֵר֖וֹת1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3129:17alr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3139:19a168הָ֣⁠עֵדָ֔ה1Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
3149:21wg7nוַ֠⁠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְ⁠שֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙1“the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers”
3159:23zlp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽ⁠י1Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3169:25a5unrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletכַּ⁠טּ֨וֹב וְ⁠כַ⁠יָּשָׁ֧ר1The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3179:26gy9cלָ⁠הֶ֖ם1The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites.
3189:27p81sעַד־הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה1“even up to now.” This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living.
31910:introuy1f0# Joshua 10 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel”\nIsrael’s conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh’s war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel’s war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nThe people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: “Do not withdraw your hands,” meaning “do not stop protecting.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
32010:1au8pוַ⁠יְהִי֩1This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
32110:1y65krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק1This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
32210:3y6ssrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיַרְמ֜וּת & לָכִ֛ישׁ & עֶגְל֖וֹן1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
32310:3k9rgrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהוֹהָ֣ם & פִּרְאָ֨ם & יָפִ֧יעַ & דְּבִ֥יר1These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
32410:4ct5kעֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣⁠י1“Travel to where I am.” Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan.
32510:5d9vyrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersחֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀ מַלְכֵ֣י1“5 kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
32610:5m422rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיַרְמוּת֙ & לָכִ֣ישׁ & עֶגְל֔וֹן1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
32710:5vs78וַֽ⁠יַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל1This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.
32810:6wk68לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר1The word “They” here refers to Gibeonites.
32910:6zhx9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖י⁠ךָ מֵֽ⁠עֲבָדֶ֑י⁠ךָ1This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: “Please come and use your strength to protect us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
33010:6am1xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyיָדֶ֖י⁠ךָ1The word “hands” here refers to the people of Israel’s strength. Alternate translation: “your strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33110:8c4uwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְ⁠יָדְ⁠ךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ם1Here “hand” represents the people of Israel’s strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word “them” refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
33210:8du96נְתַתִּ֑י⁠ם1Here the word “them” refers to the attacking armies.
33310:9ecq8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוַ⁠יָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ1The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
33410:10sq89וַ⁠יְהֻמֵּ֤⁠ם יְהוָה֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל1Here “Israel” refers to the entire army of Israel.
33510:10yr7yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן & עֲזֵקָ֖ה & מַקֵּדָֽה1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
33610:11fbf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ & עֲזֵקָ֖ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
33710:11tuc9הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵי⁠הֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֛יִם1“threw large hailstones from the sky”
33810:12si1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismשֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּ⁠גִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְ⁠יָרֵ֖חַ בְּ⁠עֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן1Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
33910:12j9ztrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationשֶׁ֚מֶשׁ & וְ⁠יָרֵ֖חַ1Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
34010:12ug8mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠עֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
34110:13dq14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyגּוֹי֙1This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34210:13b91lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionהֲ⁠לֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַ⁠יָּשָׁ֑ר1The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. Alternate translation: “This is written in The Book of Jashar.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
34310:16wcb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠מַקֵּדָֽה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
34410:17mns8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ⁠יֻּגַּ֖ד לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ1Messengers came and told Joshua. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joshua” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
34510:19l8tlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶֽם1The phrase “your hand” here means “your control.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34610:21kb3wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמַקֵּדָ֖ה1Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
34710:21py6wלֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִ⁠בְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽ⁠וֹ1“No one dared to say anything against” or “No one dared to complain or protest against”
34810:22zs9nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomפִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַ⁠מְּעָרָ֑ה1Here “mouth” is an idiom that means “entrance.” Alternate translation: “Open the entrance of the cave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
34910:23g4terc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיַרְמ֔וּת & לָכִ֖ישׁ & עֶגְלֽוֹן1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
35010:24dnc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheכָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל1Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
35110:27e9z9עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1“until the author wrote this story”
35210:28e1ncrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמַקֵּדָ֔ה1This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
35310:28nhk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismהֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗⁠ם וְ⁠אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֨פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔⁠הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד1The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
35410:29k439rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלִבְנָ֑ה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
35510:31dsk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠לִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁ⁠ה1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
35610:32yw79rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠יַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל1Here their “hand” represents their control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
35710:33rff2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהֹרָם֙1This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
35810:33lp2crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesגֶּ֔זֶר & אֶת־לָכִ֑ישׁ1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
35910:34y3g9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠לָּכִ֖ישׁ עֶגְלֹ֑נָ⁠ה1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
36010:35dqi7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletוַ⁠יַּכּ֣וּ⁠הָ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־ & הַ⁠ה֖וּא הֶחֱרִ֑ים1These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
36110:36a6ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמֵ⁠עֶגְל֖וֹנָ⁠ה1This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
36210:37gba2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠יִּלְכְּד֣וּ⁠הָ וַ⁠יַּכּֽוּ⁠הָ־לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֠רֶב1The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They captured and killed and destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
36310:38mr8brc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesדְּבִ֑רָ⁠ה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
36410:39g2tarc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלִ⁠דְבִ֨רָ⁠ה֙ & לְ⁠לִבְנָ֖ה1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
36510:39m8bfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠יַּכּ֣וּ⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֔רֶב1The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: “They killed and destroyed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
36610:40u843rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוְ⁠אֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵי⁠הֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וְ⁠אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַ⁠נְּשָׁמָה֙ הֶחֱרִ֔ים1These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh’s command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
36710:42qy8iכָּל־הַ⁠מְּלָכִ֤ים הָ⁠אֵ֨לֶּה֙ וְ⁠אֶת־אַרְצָ֔⁠ם לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ1This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md).
36810:42rbp2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheלָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ1Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Joshua and his soldiers captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
36910:42f9txפַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת1This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks.
37011:introg8mw0# Joshua 11 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms\n\nYahweh said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men.” Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n### “Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel”\nThis phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel’s victory. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
37111:1a1carc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיָבִ֣ין & יוֹבָב֙1These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37211:1zi5urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחָצ֑וֹר & מָד֔וֹן & שִׁמְר֖וֹן & אַכְשָֽׁף1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37311:2gz61rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesכִּֽנֲר֖וֹת & וּ⁠בְ⁠נָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37411:3rds6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחֶרְמ֔וֹן1This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37511:4d9fbGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nAll the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel.
37611:4e5l4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleוְ⁠כָל־מַֽחֲנֵי⁠הֶם֙ עִמָּ֔⁠ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּ⁠ח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַ⁠יָּ֖ם לָ⁠רֹ֑ב1No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. Alternate translation: “such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
37711:5kc2erc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמֵר֔וֹם1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
37811:6n348rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאָנֹכִ֞י נֹתֵ֧ן אֶת־כֻּלָּ֛⁠ם חֲלָלִ֖ים לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל1Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. Alternate translation: “I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37911:6lgk2אֶת־סוּסֵי⁠הֶ֣ם תְּעַקֵּ֔ר1“cripple their horses by cutting their legs.” This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk.
38011:7sm9krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמֵר֖וֹם1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
38111:8cw9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּתְּנֵ֨⁠ם יְהוָ֥ה בְּ⁠יַֽד־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮1Here the word “hand” represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel’s hand. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
38211:8n4ubוַ⁠יַּכּוּ⁠ם֒ & וַ⁠יַּכֻּ֕⁠ם1“attacked them … attacked them”
38311:8m9b1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת מַ֔יִם1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
38411:9q7dnעִקֵּ֔ר1This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](../11/06.md).
38511:10pbp8מַלְכָּ֖⁠הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶ⁠חָ֑רֶב1“Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword”
38611:10cjd1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorחָצ֣וֹר לְ⁠פָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַ⁠מַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָ⁠אֵֽלֶּה1Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
38711:11be72rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוַ֠⁠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַ⁠נֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤⁠הּ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֨רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה1These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
38811:11z2mdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheהַֽחֲרֵ֔ם1The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
38911:12i5tzוַ⁠יַּכֵּ֥⁠ם לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֖רֶב1“killed them”
39011:13f8kvהֶ⁠עָרִ֗ים הָ⁠עֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔⁠ם1“cities built on small hills”
39111:14grk1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronounsלָ⁠הֶ֖ם1This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
39211:14n215rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאֶֽת־כָּל־הָ⁠אָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְ⁠פִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָ⁠ם֙ אוֹתָ֔⁠ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה1These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
39311:15ta4xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesלֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה1This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
39411:17yr6brc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהָ⁠הָ֤ר הֶֽ⁠חָלָק֙ & בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
39511:20pq7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמֵ⁠אֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְ⁠חַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּ⁠ם֩1Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: “it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39611:21im1qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־הָֽ⁠עֲנָקִים֙1These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
39711:21p6cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesדְּבִ֣ר & עֲנָ֔ב1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
39811:23qe5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּתְּנָ⁠הּ֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ לְ⁠נַחֲלָ֧ה לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל1Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39911:23x695rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה1The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: “the people no longer fought wars in the land” or “there was peace in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40012:introga6k0# Joshua 12 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.
40112:1e45xrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundוְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה1This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
40212:1fe2cוְ⁠אֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י1This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
40312:1g8jurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהָ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה1These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
40412:2uv1mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
40512:2ts6sסִיחוֹן֙ & בְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן1See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
40612:3dh7dיָ֨ם כִּנְר֜וֹת1This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
40712:3gc3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמ֑וֹת & הַ⁠פִּסְגָּֽה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
40812:4zb6dע֚וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַ⁠בָּשָׁ֔ן1See how you translated this man’s name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
40912:4m4ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהָ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים1These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41012:4t7hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶדְרֶֽעִי1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41112:5vu4frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠בְ⁠סַלְכָה֙1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41212:5sbq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֑י1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41312:6bsj6לָ⁠רֻֽאוּבֵנִי֙1These are the descendants of Reuben.
41412:6p8ztוְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֔י1These are the descendants of Gad.
41512:6zk48וְ⁠לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֥בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּֽׁה1They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
41612:7nie7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ & הָ⁠הָ֥ר הֶ⁠חָלָ֖ק1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41712:8z37zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠בָֽ⁠עֲרָבָה֙1This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41812:10ps2mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחֶבְר֖וֹן1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41912:11aj97rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיַרְמוּת֙ & לָכִ֖ישׁ1These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42012:12bgl2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעֶגְלוֹן֙ & גֶּ֖זֶר1These are the names of cities. Translate “Eglon” in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42112:13mgg8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesדְּבִר֙ & גֶּ֖דֶר1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42212:14e9barc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחָרְמָה֙ & עֲרָ֖ד1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42312:15nec9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלִבְנָה֙ & עֲדֻלָּ֖ם1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42412:16se49rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמַקֵּדָה֙1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42512:17g346rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesתַּפּ֨וּחַ֙ & חֵ֖פֶר1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42612:18m8vlrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֲפֵק֙ & לַ⁠שָּׁר֖וֹן1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42712:19ga17rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמָדוֹן֙ & חָצ֖וֹר1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42812:20cq4irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesשִׁמְר֤וֹן מְראוֹן֙ & אַכְשָׁ֖ף1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
42912:21pv5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesתַּעְנַךְ֙ & מְגִדּ֖וֹ1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
43012:22z2b9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesקֶ֨דֶשׁ֙ & יָקְנֳעָ֥ם1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
43112:23a6eqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesדּ֛וֹר לְ⁠נָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר & גּוֹיִ֥ם1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
43212:24kv8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesתִּרְצָ֖ה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
43312:24aeg5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersכָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְ⁠אֶחָֽד1“31 in all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
43413:introzl7s0# Joshua 13 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Division of the land\n\nThere was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.\n\n### Driving out the people\n\nWhile Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
43513:2s51zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitזֹ֥את הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ הַ⁠נִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת1You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: “This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
43613:3q1nvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠שִּׁיח֞וֹר1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
43713:3a3iwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the Canaanites now consider their property” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
43813:3jnl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠הָ⁠עַוִּֽים1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
43913:4b13src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠מְעָרָ֛ה & אֲפֵ֑קָ⁠ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44013:5bj71rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠בַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד & הַר־חֶרְמ֑וֹן1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44113:5jd8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠גִּבְלִ֗י1This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44213:6b7pkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֨יִם֙1this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44313:6si8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽ⁠נַחֲלָ֔ה1The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44413:9gfc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר & מֵידְבָ֖א & דִּיבֽוֹן1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44513:9lk8dהַ⁠נַּ֛חַל1a place where the river is far below the land on the sides
44613:9t2anהַ⁠מִּישֹׁ֥ר1flat land high above rivers
44713:10zm4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44813:11whz4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesסַלְכָֽה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
44913:11kc79וּ⁠גְב֧וּל הַ⁠גְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֗י1“the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived”
45013:11l98jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֗י1These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
45113:12hw24rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּ⁠בְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֑עִי1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
45213:12u2dnrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהָ⁠רְפָאִ֔ים1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
45313:12l1curc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוַ⁠יַּכֵּ֥⁠ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה1Here “Moses” represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate translation: “Moses and the Israelites attacked them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
45413:13zb9lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־הַ⁠גְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠מַּעֲכָתִ֑י1These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
45513:13hu1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitגְּשׁ֤וּר וּ⁠מַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל1“Geshur” and “Maacath” are either the names of the ancestors of “the Geshurites” and “the Maacathites” or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate translation: “those people live among Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
45613:13xw7dעַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
45713:14zs6yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה1The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45813:14v9zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה & ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔⁠וֹ1The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “The offerings of Yahweh … are what they will have for their provision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45913:14br61אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה1“offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh”
46013:14lz8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveאִשֵּׁ֨י1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests burned with fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46113:16f1uvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמֵ⁠עֲרוֹעֵ֡ר & מֵידְבָֽא1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46213:16s5yvנַ֨חַל & הַ⁠מִּישֹׁ֖ר1See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](../13/09.md).
46313:17y6iurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן & דִּיבוֹן֙ וּ⁠בָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּ⁠בֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46413:18i4ferc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠יַ֥הְצָ⁠ה וּ⁠קְדֵמֹ֖ת וּ⁠מֵפָֽעַת1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46513:19f1h3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠קִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְ⁠שִׂבְמָ֔ה וְ⁠צֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46613:20is7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠בֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר & הַ⁠פִּסְגָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46713:21uld7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46813:21j6hqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesסִיחוֹן֙ & אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־רֶ֨קֶם֙ וְ⁠אֶת־צ֤וּר וְ⁠אֶת־חוּר֙ וְ⁠אֶת־רֶ֔בַע1These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
46913:21x56eאֹת֣⁠וֹ׀ וְ⁠אֶת־נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן1“as he had defeated the leaders of Midian”
47013:23gc1rוּ⁠גְב֑וּל זֹ֣את1The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received.
47113:23x56mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠גְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙1The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47213:23ud8mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Moses gave to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
47313:25fmp2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיַעְזֵר֙ & עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר & רַבָּֽה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
47413:26mr54rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠מֵ⁠חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן & רָמַ֥ת הַ⁠מִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּ⁠בְטֹנִ֑ים וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲנַ֖יִם & לִדְבִֽר1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
47513:27ie4mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּ⁠בֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְ⁠סֻכּ֣וֹת וְ⁠צָפ֗וֹן & חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
47613:28hla2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד1The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47713:29we69rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה1The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47813:29gs84לַ⁠חֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה1Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River.
47913:29p8ywrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ⁠יְהִ֗י לַ⁠חֲצִ֛י1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48013:30s32grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠מַּחֲנַ֨יִם & יָאִ֛יר1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
48113:31b2aarc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠עַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֔עִי1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
48213:31zde9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלִ⁠בְנֵ֤י1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses assigned these” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
48313:31g5sirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמָכִ֖יר1This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
48413:32hh57rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה1The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48513:33ce57rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorיְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם1The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48614:introdsn70# Joshua 14 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Drive them out\nThe Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
48714:1u4tcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠אֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל1The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48814:1ql64אֲב֥וֹת הַ⁠מַּטּ֖וֹת1“leaders of the tribes”
48914:2f1uxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveבְּ⁠גוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49014:2ti9lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheבְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה1Here the word “hand” refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “through Moses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
49114:3ptq4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכִּֽי־נָתַ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה נַחֲלַ֨ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ⁠מַּטּוֹת֙ וַ⁠חֲצִ֣י הַ⁠מַּטֶּ֔ה מֵ⁠עֵ֖בֶר לַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ⁠לַ֨⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם לֹֽא־נָתַ֥ן נַחֲלָ֖ה בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם1The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49214:4tye1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠לֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַ⁠לְוִיִּ֜ם בָּ⁠אָ֗רֶץ1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
49314:4c5l6חֵ֨לֶק1“part”
49414:4tj8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisכִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָ⁠שֶׁ֔בֶת1The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “but he gave to them only certain cities to live in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
49514:4m4nvוּ⁠מִ֨גְרְשֵׁי⁠הֶ֔ם1fields of grass for the livestock to eat
49614:4j8ysוּ⁠לְ⁠קִנְיָנָֽ⁠ם1physical things they needed so they could provide for their families
49714:6b9tcrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיְפֻנֶּ֖ה1This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
49814:6g6g8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠קְּנִזִּ֑י1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
49914:7wqe2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוָ⁠אָשֵׁ֤ב אֹת⁠וֹ֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֖ר עִם־לְבָבִֽ⁠י1Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: “I brought back to him an honest report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
50014:8q6zsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהִמְסִ֖יו אֶת־לֵ֣ב הָ⁠עָ֑ם1Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: “made the people very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50114:8d53arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠אָנֹכִ֣י מִלֵּ֔אתִי אַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה1Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50214:9ew2rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorהָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ & בָּ֔⁠הּ לְ⁠ךָ֨ תִֽהְיֶ֧ה לְ⁠נַחֲלָ֛ה וּ⁠לְ⁠בָנֶ֖י⁠ךָ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם1The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50314:9shc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheהָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דָּרְכָ֤ה רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֙1Here “your foot” represents Caleb. Alternate translation: “the land on which you have walked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
50414:10m9snהִנֵּה֩1“pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
50514:10c4maאֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּ⁠מִּדְבָּ֑ר1“while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
50614:11q443כְּ⁠כֹ֥חִ⁠י אָ֖ז וּ⁠כְ⁠כֹ֣חִ⁠י עָ֑תָּה1“I am still as strong now as I was then”
50714:11y4nfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠לָ⁠צֵ֥את וְ⁠לָ⁠בֽוֹא1This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
50814:12r8kaאֶת־הָ⁠הָ֣ר1Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
50914:12ner3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעֲנָקִ֣ים1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
51014:13q6aerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְ⁠כָלֵ֥ב1Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51114:14gji6עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה1This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
51214:14zii3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה1Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51314:15hyh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesקִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
51414:15wv1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִ⁠מִּלְחָמָֽה1The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “Then the people no longer fought wars in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
51515:introght50# Joshua 15 General Notes\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
51615:1ex51rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesצִ֛ן1This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
51715:2k5zaמִ⁠קְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַ⁠מֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן הַ⁠פֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּ⁠ה1“from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea.” These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
51815:2j6xnמִן־הַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן הַ⁠פֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּ⁠ה1“from the bay that extends to the south” or “from the southern bay”
51915:2qj2gהַ⁠לָּשֹׁ֖ן1smaller part of the sea that extends into the land
52015:3kb99rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעַקְרַבִּים֙ & צִ֔נָ⁠ה & חֶצְרוֹן֙ & אַדָּ֔רָ⁠ה & הַ⁠קַּרְקָֽעָ⁠ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52115:4nzh3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעַצְמ֗וֹנָ⁠ה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52215:4d1b1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesנַ֣חַל מִצְרַ֔יִם1a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52315:5xrg4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorמִ⁠קְצֵ֖ה הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּֽן1The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52415:5bl5cוּ⁠גְב֞וּל1“border … was”
52515:6lbt5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּ֣ית חָגְלָ֔ה & לְ⁠בֵ֣ית הָעֲרָבָ֑ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52615:6eqi7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן1This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52715:7n7k5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesדְּבִרָ⁠ה֮ מֵ⁠עֵ֣מֶק עָכוֹר֒ & הַ⁠גִּלְגָּ֗ל & לְ⁠מַעֲלֵ֣ה אֲדֻמִּ֔ים & מֵי־עֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶ & עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52815:8qa4urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesגֵּ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם & עֵֽמֶק־רְפָאִ֖ים1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
52915:9hb3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesנֶפְתּ֔וֹחַ & הַר־עֶפְר֑וֹן & קִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53015:10h92vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠בַּעֲלָ֥ה & הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר & הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים & כְסָל֑וֹן & בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ & תִּמְנָֽה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53115:11n6qtrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesשִׁכְּר֔וֹנָ⁠ה & הַר־הַֽ⁠בַּעֲלָ֖ה & יַבְנְאֵ֑ל1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53215:13gx9frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־קִרְיַ֥ת אַרְבַּ֛ע1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53315:13v154rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאַרְבַּ֛ע & הָ⁠עֲנָ֖ק1These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53415:14jp1irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֶת־שְׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י הָ⁠עֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י יְלִידֵ֖י הָ⁠עֲנָֽק1These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words “sons” and “descendants” in this context mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
53515:14q23krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהָ⁠עֲנָ֑ק אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֤י וְ⁠אֶת־אֲחִימַן֙ וְ⁠אֶת־תַּלְמַ֔י1These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53615:15n52jוַ⁠יַּ֣עַל מִ⁠שָּׁ֔ם אֶל1“He went up from there to fight against”
53715:15k99vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesדְּבִ֥ר & קִרְיַת־סֵֽפֶר1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53815:16hs9crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־קִרְיַת־סֵ֖פֶר1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
53915:16z82qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה1This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54015:17kvc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעָתְנִיאֵ֥ל & קְנַ֖ז1These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54115:18d6qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomבְּ⁠בוֹאָ֗⁠הּ1This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel’s wife. Alternate translation: “when Aksah became Othniel’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
54215:18ia6drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsוַ⁠תְּסִיתֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ לִ⁠שְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽ⁠אֵת־אָבִ֨י⁠הָ֙ שָׂדֶ֔ה1This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: “she urged him, ‘Ask my father to give me a field.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
54315:19nun3אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּיּ֔וֹת וְ⁠אֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת1The words “upper” and “lower” likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
54415:20q76crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה1The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54515:21lgx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54615:33tn8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:47](../15/47.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54715:46dfe2וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן1villages
54815:47hsx1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesנַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם1a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
54915:48m88krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:1# General Information:\n\nThe writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:63](../15/63.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
55015:63j68zעַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
55116:introbpv30# Joshua 16 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Drive them out\nThe Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
55216:1b1k9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitלִ⁠בְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙1The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
55316:2g9tdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesל֑וּזָ⁠ה & עֲטָרֽוֹת1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
55416:2zs9frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהָ⁠אַרְכִּ֖י1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
55516:3w8girc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠יַּפְלֵטִ֗י1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
55616:3id59rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּית־חוֹרֹ֛ן תַּחְתּ֖וֹן & גָּ֑זֶר1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
55716:4u6fyבְנֵי־יוֹסֵ֖ף מְנַשֶּׁ֥ה וְ⁠אֶפְרָֽיִם1“the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph”
55816:4r4qwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּנְחֲל֥וּ1The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received this land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55916:5f2i9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveגְּב֥וּל בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The territory … that Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
56016:5m6lurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר & בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן עֶלְיֽוֹן1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
56116:6vg46rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָת֙ & תַּאֲנַ֣ת שִׁלֹ֑ה & יָנֽוֹחָ⁠ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
56216:7uyw7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠יָּנ֖וֹחָ⁠ה עֲטָר֣וֹת וְ⁠נַעֲרָ֑תָ⁠ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
56316:8at1trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠תַּפּ֜וּחַ & קָנָ֔ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
56416:8mb6irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם1The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56516:8ke41rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua assigned to their clans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
56616:9y6xsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠הֶ⁠עָרִ֗ים הַ⁠מִּבְדָּלוֹת֙1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the cities that Joshua had chosen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
56716:9f1ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה1The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56816:10au8eעַד־הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֔ה1This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
56916:10fth4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ⁠יְהִ֖י לְ⁠מַס־עֹבֵֽד1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
57017:introm3nk0# Joshua 17 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Manasseh’s lack of faith\nEven though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
57117:1j2sjrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלְ⁠מָכִיר֩1These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
57217:1zuz5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַֽ⁠יְהִי־ל֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠גִּלְעָ֥ד וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּשָֽׁן1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
57317:2al47rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר & חֵ֗לֶק & אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙ & שֶׁ֔כֶם & חֵ֖פֶר & שְׁמִידָ֑ע1These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
57417:2us2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ֠⁠יְהִי1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned land … and gave them to their clans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
57517:3u2e9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠לִ⁠צְלָפְחָד֩ & חֵ֨פֶ1These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
57617:3k5z5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמַחְלָ֣ה וְ⁠נֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְ⁠תִרְצָֽה1These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
57717:4x2q2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶלְעָזָ֨ר1This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
57817:4q55mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלָֽ⁠תֶת־לָ֥⁠נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה1The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57917:4s6fdוַ⁠יִּתֵּ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֜ם & נַֽחֲלָ֔ה1Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
58017:5d1c3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ⁠יִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
58117:5z7zrחַבְלֵֽי & עֲשָׂרָ֑ה1“Ten portions”
58217:6d9gbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה1The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58317:6qbx1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveהַ⁠גִּלְעָ֔ד הָיְתָ֥ה לִ⁠בְנֵֽי1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
58417:7jln6אֶל־הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ין1toward the south
58517:7dfe9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַֽ⁠מִּכְמְתָ֔ת & תַּפּֽוּחַ1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
58617:9k7gpהַ⁠גְּבוּל֩1“The border of Manasseh’s land”
58717:9l2afנַ֨חַל1a very small river
58817:9qvi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesקָנָ֜ה1name of a brook (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
58917:10mi9brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠בְ⁠אָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּ⁠ן מִ⁠צָּפ֔וֹן1Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
59017:10fj36rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisוּ⁠בְ⁠יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִ⁠מִּזְרָֽח1The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
59117:11s1snrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן & וְ⁠יִבְלְעָ֨ם & דֹ֣אר & עֵֽין־דֹּר֙ & תַעְנַךְ֙ & מְגִדּ֖וֹ & הַ⁠נָּֽפֶת1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
59217:14b4j6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף1This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
59317:14sk37rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionמַדּוּעַ֩ נָתַ֨תָּה לִּ֜⁠י נַחֲלָ֗ה גּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד וַֽ⁠אֲנִ֣י עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד אֲשֶׁר־עַד־כֹּ֖ה בֵּֽרְכַ֥⁠נִי יְהוָֽה1The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: “You should have given us more than one … Yahweh has blessed us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
59417:14ju22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletגּוֹרָ֤ל אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל אֶחָ֔ד1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “one assignment of land as our inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59517:14dg92וְ⁠חֶ֣בֶל1part
59617:14p7z5עַם־רָ֔ב עַ֥ד1“many people”
59717:15d24lאִם־עַם־רַ֤ב אַתָּה֙1“Since you are a people great in number”
59817:15psc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠הָֽ⁠רְפָאִ֑ים1This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
59917:16g788rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠בֵית־שְׁאָן֙ & יִזְרְעֶֽאל1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
60017:17wa3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף1Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60117:18w4m4וּ⁠בֵ֣רֵאת֔⁠וֹ1“you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
60218:introj38i0# Joshua 18 General Notes\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
60318:1fkg2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-eventsוְ⁠הָ⁠אָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶֽם1They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
60418:2ynk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם1The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
60518:3bia9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionעַד־אָ֨נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָ⁠בוֹא֙ לָ⁠רֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָ⁠כֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם1Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off … has given you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
60618:4p7hgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠יִֽתְהַלְּכ֥וּ בָ⁠אָ֛רֶץ1The words “up and down” mean in every direction. Alternate translation: “the land in every direction” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
60718:4zry7וְ⁠יִכְתְּב֥וּ אוֹתָ֛⁠הּ לְ⁠פִ֥י נַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם1This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance.
60818:4lh9wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנַֽחֲלָתָ֖⁠ם1The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60918:5e13lGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
61018:5dmy4וְ⁠הִֽתְחַלְּק֥וּ אֹתָ֖⁠הּ1“They will divide the land”
61118:5y5gnיְהוּדָ֞ה יַעֲמֹ֤ד1“The tribe of Judah will remain”
61218:5d41lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ⁠בֵ֥ית יוֹסֵ֛ף1Here the word “house” represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
61318:7v3qrGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
61418:7e6s8אֵֽין־חֵ֤לֶק1“no portion of land”
61518:7kus7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכִּֽי־כְהֻנַּ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה נַחֲלָת֑⁠וֹ1Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: “for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61618:7eqg6וַ⁠חֲצִי֩ שֵׁ֨בֶט הַֽ⁠מְנַשֶּׁ֜ה1“half of the tribe of Manasseh”
61718:7cyc8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלָקְח֣וּ נַחֲלָתָ֗⁠ם1The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “have received land as their inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61818:8t1crGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
61918:8p238rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠הִתְהַלְּכ֨וּ בָ⁠אָ֜רֶץ1The words “up and down” mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: “in every direction in the land” or “throughout the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
62018:10pz3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveכְּ⁠מַחְלְקֹתָֽ⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
62118:11hd7vבֵּ֚ין בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּ⁠בֵ֖ין בְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף1“between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph”
62218:11ib4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitבְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵֽף1This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
62318:12ij99rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
62418:13hx15rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesל֨וּזָ⁠ה֙ & בֵּֽית־אֵ֑ל & עַטְר֣וֹת אַדָּ֔ר & לְ⁠בֵית־חֹר֖וֹן1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
62518:14h4e6הַ⁠גְּבוּל֩1This refers to the same thing as “the border” in verse 13.
62618:14eq7xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesקִרְיַת־בַּ֨עַל֙ & קִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֔ים1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
62718:15ulq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesקִרְיַ֣ת יְעָרִ֑ים & נֶפְתּֽוֹחַ1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
62818:16br6trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם & רְפָאִ֖ים & הִנֹּ֜ם & עֵ֥ין רֹגֵֽל1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
62918:17d8dtrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעֵ֣ין שֶׁ֔מֶשׁ & גְּלִיל֔וֹת & אֲדֻמִּ֑ים1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63018:17z2mhrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶ֥בֶן בֹּ֖הַן1This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63118:18g6tdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכֶּ֥תֶף מוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה1Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the slope of Beth Arabah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63218:18b98yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמוּל־הָֽ⁠עֲרָבָ֖ה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63318:19k48grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorכֶּ֣תֶף בֵּית־חָגְלָה֮ צָפוֹנָ⁠ה֒1Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: “the north slope of Beth Hoglah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63418:19xy3irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּית־חָגְלָה֮1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63518:20ywb2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֡את נַחֲלַת֩ בְּנֵ֨י בִנְיָמִ֧ן1The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63618:20pe6erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave it to each of their clans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
63718:21i6afrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63818:24jsu9וְ⁠חַצְרֵי⁠הֶֽן1“the villages around them”
63918:25nk7krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
64018:28t3aarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן1The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64119:introj62l0# Joshua 19 General Notes\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
64219:1s149וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֞א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֤ל הַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙ לְ⁠שִׁמְע֔וֹן1“The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
64319:1gl7xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalהַ⁠שֵּׁנִי֙1number two in a list (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
64419:1z9r9לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑⁠ם1“and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans”
64519:1u57yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ נַֽחֲלָתָ֔⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָֽה1The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64619:2kg51rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
64719:2eu6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יְהִ֥י לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠נַֽחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם1The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “They had the following cities for their inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64819:5la4rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
64919:5f4vbוְ⁠צִֽקְלַ֥ג1See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
65019:8uc1crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־שִׁמְע֖וֹן1The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65119:8q586rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלְ⁠מִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽ⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Joshua gave to their clans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
65219:9lep5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמֵ⁠חֶ֨בֶל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
65319:9p2jiבְּ⁠ת֥וֹךְ נַחֲלָתָֽ⁠ם1“the middle of Judah’s portion of land”
65419:10f5guוַ⁠יַּ֨עַל֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י1See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
65519:10s2j1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalהַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֔י1number three in a list (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
65619:10vde5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesשָׂרִֽיד1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
65719:11v9gprc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠מַרְעֲלָ֖ה & בְּ⁠דַבָּ֑שֶׁת & יָקְנְעָֽם1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
65819:11gx7vעַל־פְּנֵ֥י יָקְנְעָֽם1“across from Jokneam”
65919:12n9dcrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠שָּׂרִ֗יד & כִּסְלֹ֖ת תָּבֹ֑ר & הַ⁠דָּֽבְרַ֖ת & יָפִֽיעַ1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66019:13dqd5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesגִּתָּ֥⁠ה חֵ֖פֶר עִתָּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין & רִמּ֥וֹן & הַ⁠נֵּעָֽה1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66119:14ja4src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחַנָּתֹ֑ן & יִפְתַּח־אֵֽל1These are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66219:15xk4urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠קַטָּ֤ת וְ⁠נַֽהֲלָל֙ וְ⁠שִׁמְר֔וֹן וְ⁠יִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם1These are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66319:15yn5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠בֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם1This is not the same “Bethlehem” that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66419:16a4eerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־זְבוּלֻ֖ן1The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66519:17fum5יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י1See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
66619:17l33xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalהָֽ⁠רְבִיעִ֑י1number four in a list (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
66719:18qmg4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠הַ⁠כְּסוּלֹ֖ת וְ⁠שׁוּנֵֽם1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66819:19c3tirc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוַ⁠חֲפָרַ֥יִם וְ⁠שִׁיאֹ֖ן וַ⁠אֲנָחֲרַֽת1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
66919:20mft4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֥ית וְ⁠קִשְׁי֖וֹן וָ⁠אָֽבֶץ1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67019:21b1exrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠רֶ֧מֶת וְ⁠עֵין־גַּנִּ֛ים וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חַדָּ֖ה וּ⁠בֵ֥ית פַּצֵּֽץ1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67119:22hs7irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠תָב֤וֹר1This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67219:22ht1erc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesו⁠שחצומ⁠ה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67319:23yll2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר1The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
67419:24lhr4וַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙ הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י1See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
67519:24xa5arc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalהַֽ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֔י1number five in a list (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
67619:25prg9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחֶלְקַ֥ת וַ⁠חֲלִ֖י וָ⁠בֶ֥טֶן וְ⁠אַכְשָֽׁף1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67719:26v6t4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠אַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְ⁠עַמְעָ֖ד וּ⁠מִשְׁאָ֑ל & וּ⁠בְ⁠שִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67819:27pbh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒ & וּ⁠בְ⁠גֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל & בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּ⁠נְעִיאֵ֑ל & כָּב֖וּל1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67919:28ht1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠עֶבְרֹ֥ן וּ⁠רְחֹ֖ב וְ⁠חַמּ֣וֹן וְ⁠קָנָ֑ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
68019:29q8wzrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחֹסָ֔ה & אַכְזִֽיבָ⁠ה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
68119:30y1g5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠עֻמָ֥ה וַ⁠אֲפֵ֖ק וּ⁠רְחֹ֑ב1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
68219:31x4aqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר1The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68319:32jy7gיָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֣ל הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י1See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
68419:32jjm6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalהַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֑י1number six in a list (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
68519:33syr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמֵ⁠חֵ֨לֶף & בְּ⁠צַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַ⁠אֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְ⁠יַבְנְאֵ֖ל & לַקּ֑וּם1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
68619:34lu5src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאַזְנ֣וֹת תָּב֔וֹר & חוּקֹ֑קָ⁠ה1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
68719:35h8p6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠צִּדִּ֣ים צֵ֔ר וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת רַקַּ֥ת וְ⁠כִנָּֽרֶת1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
68819:35lq51וְ⁠חַמַּ֖ת1This is not the same location as “Hamath,” but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee.
68919:36e379rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוַ⁠אֲדָמָ֥ה וְ⁠הָ⁠רָמָ֖ה וְ⁠חָצֽוֹר1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
69019:37vez5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠קֶ֥דֶשׁ וְ⁠אֶדְרֶ֖עִי וְ⁠עֵ֥ין חָצֽוֹר1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
69119:38jp9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠יִרְאוֹן֙ וּ⁠מִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּ⁠בֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּ⁠בֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
69219:39s9enrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־נַפְתָּלִ֖י1The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69319:40q3a2יָצָ֖א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֥ל הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי1See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
69419:40b1ttrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalהַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִֽי1number seven in a list (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
69519:41d7itrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorגְּב֣וּל נַחֲלָתָ֑⁠ם1The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69619:41b8bgrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesצָרְעָ֥ה וְ⁠אֶשְׁתָּא֖וֹל וְ⁠עִ֥יר שָֽׁמֶשׁ1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
69719:42q637rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠שַֽׁעֲלַבִּ֥ין וְ⁠אַיָּל֖וֹן וְ⁠יִתְלָֽה1These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
69819:43sht1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠אֵיל֥וֹן וְ⁠תִמְנָ֖תָ⁠ה וְ⁠עֶקְרֽוֹן1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
69919:44gca7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠אֶלְתְּקֵ֥ה וְ⁠גִבְּת֖וֹן וּ⁠בַעֲלָֽת1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
70019:45yan4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוִ⁠יהֻ֥ד וּ⁠בְנֵֽי־בְרַ֖ק וְ⁠גַת־רִמּֽוֹן1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
70119:46ddh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠מֵ֥י הַיַּרְק֖וֹן וְ⁠הָֽ⁠רַקּ֑וֹן1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
70219:46w42cמ֥וּל יָפֽוֹ1“opposite Joppa” or “beside Joppa”
70319:47i8zhrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלֶ֜שֶׁם1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
70419:48cx9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorזֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵי־דָ֖ן1The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70519:49jzi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִ⁠יהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּ⁠תוֹכָֽ⁠ם1The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70619:50ac8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
70719:51cs47rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאֵ֣לֶּה הַ⁠נְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ1The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities … assigned as inheritances” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70820:introvg5f0# Joshua 20 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Cities of Refuge\n\nIf a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
70920:2qhs6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyבְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה1Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71020:3a1vgמַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּ⁠שְׁגָגָ֖ה1This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
71120:3h73brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyמִ⁠גֹּאֵ֖ל הַ⁠דָּֽם1Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
71220:4u2dhוְ⁠נָ֞ס1Here the word “he” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
71320:4p1sgוְ⁠דִבֶּ֛ר בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֛י זִקְנֵ֥י־הָ⁠עִֽיר הַ⁠הִ֖יא אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑י⁠ו1“convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
71420:4dhh4וְ⁠אָסְפ֨וּ אֹת֤⁠וֹ1The word “they” refers to the elders and “him” refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
71520:4k969וְ⁠יָשַׁ֥ב עִמָּֽ⁠ם1This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
71620:5x945rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyגֹּאֵ֤ל הַ⁠דָּם֙1Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
71720:5u27sבִ⁠בְלִי־דַ֨עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ1accidentally killed his neighbor
71820:6c6feעָמְד֞⁠וֹ לִ⁠פְנֵ֤י הָֽ⁠עֵדָה֙1This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
71920:7lyr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThere are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
72020:8cy8eלְ⁠יַרְדֵּ֤ן1This is a short name for the Jordan River.
72120:9b89xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠לֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּ⁠יַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם1Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
72220:9j61zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyגֹּאֵ֣ל הַ⁠דָּ֔ם1This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
72321:intropp5c0# Joshua 21 General Notes\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nThis chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
72421:1js4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶלְעָזָר֙ & נ֑וּן1These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
72521:2wk1tוַ⁠יְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֜ם1“The Levites said to them”
72621:2wk1mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomיְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה1The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
72721:3f9eiאֶת־הֶ⁠עָרִ֥ים1This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses.
72821:4r4ryוַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל1A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
72921:4fl2yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהַ⁠קְּהָתִ֑י1This priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73021:5iwh3וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֲצִ֨י1Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River.
73121:6bk5grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesגֵרְשׁ֗וֹן1Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73221:6ezu2בַּ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל1A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
73321:7cg61rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמְרָרִ֜י1Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73421:8qe5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyצִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶׁ֖ה1The phrase “by the hand of” here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had told Moses to command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73521:10t6l2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמִ⁠מִּשְׁפְּח֥וֹת הַ⁠קְּהָתִ֖י1The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73621:10tnp1הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֖ל1A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
73721:11vkd2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundאַרְבַּ֨ע אֲבִ֧י הָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק1This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
73821:11mn2grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesהָֽ⁠עֲנ֛וֹק1This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
73921:11vd7dבְּ⁠הַ֣ר1An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains.
74021:11kwe7מִגְרָשֶׁ֖⁠הָ1An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle.
74121:12aj9sשְׂדֵ֥ה הָ⁠עִ֖יר1Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city.
74221:12uz84חֲצֵרֶ֑י⁠הָ1Small communities, usually smaller than a town.
74321:13p1nrrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלִבְנָ֖ה1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74421:14q8glrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesיַתִּר֙ & אֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ1These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74521:15cb4trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחֹלֹן֙ & דְּבִ֖ר1These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74621:16bx8irc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעַ֣יִן & יֻטָּה֙1These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74721:17e8r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה בִנְיָמִ֔ן1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74821:17fd6zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־גֶּ֖בַע1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
74921:18sk7nrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־עֲנָתוֹת֙ & עַלְמ֖וֹן1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
75021:19ha9frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עָרִ֖ים1“13 cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
75121:20lfp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָת֙1The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
75221:20x8eurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַֽ⁠יְהִי֙ עָרֵ֣י גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they received cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
75321:20tg75גֽוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם1A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
75421:21kz7krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesגֶּ֖זֶר1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
75521:22tv2mrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesקִבְצַ֨יִם֙ & בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
75621:22r4hlrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersעָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע1This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
75721:23dw9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִ⁠מַּ֨טֵּה־דָ֔ן1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
75821:23r7qrrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶֽת־אֶלְתְּקֵ֖א & גִּבְּת֖וֹן1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
75921:24g45wrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־אַיָּלוֹן֙ & אֶת־גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
76021:24g4marc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersעָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע1This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
76121:25e6clrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76221:25yn8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ & גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
76321:26hn9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת1The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
76421:27knk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן & אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
76521:27bmc9הָ⁠רֹצֵ֔חַ1This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
76621:27a1zsrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersעָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם1number of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
76721:28r9hcrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן & אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
76821:29u8z9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־יַרְמוּת֙ & עֵ֥ין גַּנִּ֖ים1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
76921:30rbf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִ⁠מַּטֵּ֣ה אָשֵׁ֔ר אֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
77021:30px1src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־מִשְׁאָ֖ל & אֶת־עַבְדּ֖וֹ1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77121:31ziw8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־חֶלְקָת֙ & רְחֹ֖ב1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77221:32h2j8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesחַמֹּ֥ת דֹּאר֙ & קַרְתָּ֖ן1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77321:33c7dtrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה עִ֖יר1“13 cities in total” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
77421:34yuv3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־מְרָרִי֮ הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֣ם הַ⁠נּוֹתָרִים֒ מֵ⁠אֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה זְבוּלֻ֔ן אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
77521:34ws8grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesמְרָרִי֮1This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77621:34ng32rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם & אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77721:35ek4frc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־דִּמְנָה֙ & אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77821:36dh5crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר & וְ⁠אֶת־יַ֖הְצָ⁠ה1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
77921:37jbp6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersעָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע1This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
78021:37e538rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙ & מֵיפָ֖עַת1names of cities (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78121:38r7m5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־רָמֹ֥ת & מַחֲנַ֖יִם1These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78221:39a2l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ & אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר1These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
78321:40x17xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersעָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה1“12 cities in total” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
78421:40q83erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוַ⁠יְהִי֙ גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם עָרִ֖ים שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵֽה1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78521:40at28גּוֹרָלָ֔⁠ם1A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader’s will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
78621:41g7z1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveכֹּ֚ל עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם בְּ⁠ת֖וֹךְ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78721:41z9gjrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersעָרִ֛ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּ⁠שְׁמֹנֶ֖ה1“48 cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
78821:43q5naנִשְׁבַּ֖ע1“he gave an oath”
78921:44t1a4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠לֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶם֙ מִ⁠כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם1This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
79021:44lg6drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyאֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָדָֽ⁠ם1Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79121:45u1ikrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesלֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִ⁠כֹּל֙ הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠טּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל1This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
79222:introl4hr0# Joshua 22 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument\n\nThe tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
79322:1ic3erc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלָ⁠רֽאוּבֵנִ֖י1people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
79422:1w3xdrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠לַ⁠גָּדִ֑י1people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
79522:2x8l8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠תִּשְׁמְע֣וּ בְ⁠קוֹלִ֔⁠י1Here “my voice” refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: “obeyed everything I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79622:3a89lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesלֹֽא־עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־אֲחֵי⁠כֶ֗ם1This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “You have remained with your brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
79722:5zh9urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠לָ⁠לֶ֧כֶת בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָ֛י⁠ו1A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads. Alternate translation: “to obey everything he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79822:5r5dhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheבְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֖ם וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶֽם1The terms “heart” and “soul” are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate translation: “with all you think and feel” or “with your entire being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
79922:7k89dהַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֖ן1This was a short name for the Jordan River.
80022:8w4reוּ⁠בְ⁠בַרְזֶ֛ל1a strong, hard, magnetic metal
80122:8k79cשְׁלַל1The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered.
80222:9cmc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomפִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּ⁠יַד־מֹשֶֽׁה1The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
80322:10iy3pהַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן1This was a short name for the Jordan River.
80422:11ww1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorאֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן1The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the “front” or “entrance” to Canaan where the other tribes lived. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80522:11yqa5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesגְּלִילוֹת֙1This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
80622:12v3q5לַ⁠צָּבָֽא1a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups
80722:13t232rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֶלְעָזָ֥ר1name of man (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
80822:16sy2yכֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה1All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “All the other Israelites are asking”
80922:17lcv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionהַ⁠מְעַט־לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן פְּע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ עַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה1This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We had already sinned terribly at Peor!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
81022:17b18vrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesפְּע֔וֹר1This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
81122:17ie2trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ1This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
81222:20kyw7rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesעָכָ֣ן & זֶ֗רַח1names of men (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
81322:20v3qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionהֲ⁠ל֣וֹא׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֨עַל֙ בַּ⁠חֵ֔רֶם1These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
81422:22x5pmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoאִם־בְּ⁠מֶ֤רֶד וְ⁠אִם־בְּ⁠מַ֨עַל֙ בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖⁠נוּ הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
81522:23sku4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoלִ⁠בְנ֥וֹת לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָ⁠שׁ֖וּב מֵ⁠אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְ⁠אִם־לְ⁠הַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜י⁠ו עוֹלָ֣ה וּ⁠מִנְחָ֗ה וְ⁠אִם־לַ⁠עֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָי⁠ו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ1The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
81622:24cei9General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
81722:24xpn5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoיֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי⁠כֶ֤ם לְ⁠בָנֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר מַה־לָּ⁠כֶ֕ם וְ⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל1This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
81822:24qr6zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionמַה־לָּ⁠כֶ֕ם וְ⁠לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל1The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
81922:25qfc4General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer.
82022:25w2svrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoוּ⁠גְב֣וּל נָֽתַן־יְ֠הוָה בֵּינֵ֨⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶ֜ם בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּ⁠בְנֵי־גָד֙ אֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֑ה1This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
82122:25w3azאֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן1This is a short name for the Jordan River.
82222:25iy97rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoוְ⁠הִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵי⁠כֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔י⁠נוּ לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽה1The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
82322:26ueg6General Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
82422:27m97urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעֵ֨ד ה֜וּא בֵּינֵ֣י⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶ֗ם1The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82522:27gs6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoוְ⁠לֹא־יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵי⁠כֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְ⁠בָנֵ֔י⁠נוּ אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּ⁠יהוָֽה1This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
82622:27n3i9אֵין־לָ⁠כֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק1“no portion” or “no inheritance”
82722:28bf3hGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer.
82822:28kuu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypoוְ⁠הָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛י⁠נוּ וְ⁠אֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖י⁠נוּ מָחָ֑ר וְ⁠אָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗י⁠נוּ לֹ֤א לְ⁠עוֹלָה֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א לְ⁠זֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖י⁠נוּ וּ⁠בֵינֵי⁠כֶֽם1The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
82922:29b4w1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomחָלִילָ⁠ה֩ לָּ֨⁠נוּ מִמֶּ֜⁠נּוּ לִ⁠מְרֹ֣ד1The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. Alternate translation: “We would certainly not rebel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
83022:29i8y4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠לָ⁠שׁ֤וּב הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ מֵ⁠אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה1To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. Alternate translation: “stop following him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83122:30ysf8וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֞ע & אֶת־הַ֨⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים1“heard the message”
83222:30i3xprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוַ⁠יִּיטַ֖ב בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠הֶֽם1Here “in their eyes” means “in their opinion.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
83322:31ab6hלֹֽא־מְעַלְתֶּ֥ם בַּֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה הַ⁠מַּ֣עַל הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה1“broken your promise to him”
83422:31w1fnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠יַּ֥ד יְהוָֽה1Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. Alternate translation: “you have kept Yahweh from punishing us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
83522:33pn48rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוַ⁠יִּיטַ֣ב הַ⁠דָּבָ֗ר בְּ⁠עֵינֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל1Here “good in the eyes” means “accepted.” Alternate translation: “The people accepted the report of the leaders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
83622:33h5hkלְ⁠שַׁחֵת֙ אֶת־הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ1“destroy everything in the land”
83722:34xf56rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorעֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔י⁠נוּ1The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83823:introv3r60# Joshua 23 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Joshua’s final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)\n\n“Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out.” ##### Drive them out\nThe Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
83923:2vyz9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletזָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּ⁠יָּמִֽים1This doublet can be translated as “very old.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
84023:4t22fהַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֗ן1This is a short name for the Jordan River.
84123:4bf99מְב֥וֹא הַ⁠שָּֽׁמֶשׁ1This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
84223:6w84irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorלְ⁠בִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖⁠נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹֽאול1Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84323:7mc72לְ⁠בִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה1Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
84423:7vkw6תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙1to speak of
84523:7wbj7אֱלֹהֵי⁠הֶ֤ם1This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
84623:8k6myrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorבַּ⁠יהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵי⁠כֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ1“hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84723:8q6qxעַ֖ד הַ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠זֶּֽה1“until the present time”
84823:9wf3vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ בִּ⁠פְנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם1Here “stand” represents holding ground in a battle. The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
84923:10iar1אֶחָ֥ד1only one
85023:10lx1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersאָ֑לֶף1“1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
85123:12i2mfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠דְבַקְתֶּם֙ בְּ⁠יֶ֨תֶר֙ הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֣ם הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה1Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. Alternate translation: “accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85223:13pdx3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletלְ⁠פַ֣ח וּ⁠לְ⁠מוֹקֵ֗שׁ1The words “snare” and “trap” mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85323:13ut82rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠לְ⁠שֹׁטֵ֤ט בְּ⁠צִדֵּי⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠לִ⁠צְנִנִ֣ים בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֔ם1These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85423:14ba62rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismאָנֹכִ֤י הוֹלֵךְ֙ הַ⁠יּ֔וֹם בְּ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ כָּל־הָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ1Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. Alternate translation: “I am going to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
85523:14x3c7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletוִ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּ⁠כָל־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֣ם וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־נַפְשְׁ⁠כֶ֗ם1Here the words “hearts” and “souls” have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
85623:14vtt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegativesלֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד1These words emphasize that Yahweh’s promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every word has come true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
85723:16xwa3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוַ⁠עֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְ⁠הִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָ⁠הֶ֑ם1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people “worship other gods.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
85823:16wz7drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠חָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּ⁠כֶ֔ם1“Kindled” here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh’s anger, like a fire is “kindled” or started with “kindling” or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will begin to be angry with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85924:introyqa80# Joshua 24 General Notes\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Joshua’s instructions\nIn this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.
86024:1e4nqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל1Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86124:1c7ptוַ⁠יִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י1“came and stood in front of” or “came before”
86224:2tn5xמֵֽ⁠עוֹלָ֔ם1“many years ago”
86324:2y8s6כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר1Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
86424:2uke1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesתֶּ֛רַח & נָח֑וֹר1These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
86524:3h2vyGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
86624:4z8e8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesשֵׂעִיר֙1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
86724:4azj7יָרְד֥וּ1Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “traveled”
86824:5hrk4General Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
86924:5shc6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youהוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם1The word “you” is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
87024:6uxu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youוָֽ⁠אוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־אֲבֽוֹתֵי⁠כֶם֙1The word “your” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
87124:7w52lGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
87224:7t8kgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youוַ⁠יִּצְעֲק֣וּ & בֵּינֵי⁠כֶ֣ם1Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
87324:7rv8qאֶת־הַ⁠יָּם֙1This refers to the Sea of Reeds.
87424:7gqs1בַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֖ר1an uninhabited area, a desert
87524:8jpf2General Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
87624:8xwk4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youאֶתְ⁠כֶ֗ם1The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
87724:8ew9gהַ⁠יַּרְדֵּ֔ן1This is a short name for the Jordan River.
87824:8wu3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוָ⁠אֶתֵּ֨ן אוֹתָ֤⁠ם בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠כֶם֙1Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to conquer them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
87924:9wi7hGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
88024:9eb7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבָּלָ֤ק & צִפּוֹר֙1men’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
88124:9l9gdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youאֶתְ⁠כֶֽם1The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
88224:10jr3frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוָ⁠אַצִּ֥ל אֶתְ⁠כֶ֖ם מִ⁠יָּדֽ1Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “enabled you to overcome him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
88324:11wlg7General Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
88424:11b324rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youוַ⁠תַּעַבְר֣וּ1The word “you” is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
88524:11jx4uאֶת־הַ⁠יַּרְדֵּן֮1This is a short name for the Jordan River.
88624:12d1wrאֶת־הַ⁠צִּרְעָ֔ה1A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many “hornets” are spoken of as only one.
88724:13qv5zGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nJoshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
88824:15gei6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠אִם֩ רַ֨ע בְּֽ⁠עֵינֵי⁠כֶ֜ם1The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. Alternate translation: “If you do not want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88924:15bff7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י1This represents his family that lives in his house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
89024:17uf71rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronounsאֹתָ֧⁠נוּ וְ⁠אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֛י⁠נוּ1The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words “us” and “we” with “our ancestors.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
89124:17n1g2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomמִ⁠בֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֑ים1Here “house” is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. Alternate translation: “place where we were slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
89224:17v2lcהָֽ⁠עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖רְנוּ1“nations that we passed through”
89324:19in4pהָ⁠עָ֗ם1This refers to the Israelites.
89424:19di8zאֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא1God wants his people to worship only him.
89524:20l4yirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠שָׁ֨ב & וְ⁠כִלָּ֣ה אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם1Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “He will destroy you as with fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89624:21mt8sהָ⁠עָ֖ם1This refers to the Israelites.
89724:23h48grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠הַטּוּ֙ אֶת־לְבַבְ⁠כֶ֔ם אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה1Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here “heart” represents the whole person. In this case, “heart” is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since “your” is plural. Alternate translation: “turn yourselves to Yahweh” or “decide to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
89824:24ut8cהָ⁠עָ֖ם1This refers to the Israelites.
89924:24yq9grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ⁠בְ⁠קוֹל֖⁠וֹ נִשְׁמָֽע1Here “listen” means to obey. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything he tells us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90024:25g8byrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛⁠וֹ חֹ֥ק וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֖ט1Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. Alternate translation: “He established decrees and laws” or “He gave them laws and decrees to obey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90124:26n7acבְּ⁠סֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים1This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses.
90224:26ct9gוַ⁠יְקִימֶ֣⁠הָ שָּׁ֔ם1“placed it there”
90324:27u7adהָ⁠עָ֗ם1This refers to the Israelites.
90424:27mkt9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationהָ⁠אֶ֤בֶן הַ⁠זֹּאת֙ תִּֽהְיֶה־בָּ֣⁠נוּ לְ⁠עֵדָ֔ה כִּֽי־הִ֣יא שָׁמְעָ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־אִמְרֵ֣י1The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
90524:27h23iפֶּֽן־תְּכַחֲשׁ֖וּ⁠ן1“if you ever”
90624:29e9uyrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersבֶּן־מֵאָ֥ה וָ⁠עֶ֖שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים1“one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
90724:30iyt3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠תִמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח & לְ⁠הַר־גָּֽעַשׁ1names of places (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
90824:31gf2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomכֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ1This is an idiom that refers to Joshua’s entire life. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
90924:31r7xzהֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ1“lived longer than Joshua”
91024:32a3ikעַצְמ֣וֹת י֠וֹסֵף & קָבְר֣וּ בִ⁠שְׁכֶם֒1It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. Alternate translation: “The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem”
91124:32ve2grc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersבְּ⁠מֵאָ֣ה קְשִׂיטָ֑ה1“100 pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
91224:33ur16rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesוְ⁠אֶלְעָזָ֥ר1This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
91324:33rv7jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠גִבְעַת֙1This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])