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376 KiB
| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | JAS | 1 | 1 | j000 | translate-names | Ἰάκωβος | 1 | James | આ એક માણસનું નામ છે, ઈસુના સાવકા ભાઈનું. તેના વિષેની માહિતી યાકૂબના પત્રની પ્રસ્તાવનાના ભાગ ૧ માં જુઓ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 3 | JAS | 1 | 1 | j001 | figs-metonymy | ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς | 1 | to the twelve tribes | યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રૂપે ઇઝરાયેલ રાષ્ટ્ર વિષે વાત કરે છે એ હકીકત સાથે કે તે ૧૨ કુળોનું બનેલું હતું. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઇઝરાયેલના રાષ્ટ્રને” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 4 | JAS | 1 | 1 | l4i7 | figs-metaphor | ταῖς δώδεκα φυλαῖς | 1 | to the twelve tribes | યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રૂપે ઈસુના શિષ્યો વિષે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે ઇઝરાયેલનું રાષ્ટ્ર હોય, કેમ કે ઈશ્વરના લોકોના સમુદાયનું વિસ્તરણ તે રાષ્ટ્રમાંથી દરેક રાષ્ટ્રના લોકો જેઓ ઈસુને અનુસરતા હતા તેમનો સમાવેશ કરતાં વિસ્તૃત થયું હતું. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈસુને અનુસરનારાઓને” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 5 | JAS | 1 | 2 | j004 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσαν χαρὰν ἡγήσασθε | 1 | Consider it all joy | યાકૂબ અતિરેક પર ભાર મૂકવા માટે **સઘળાં** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. તેનો અર્થ એ નથી કે જ્યારે વિશ્વાસીઓ **પરીક્ષાઓનો** સામનો કરે છે ત્યારે બધી ખરાબ બાબતોના સંદર્ભમાં તેઓએ ખુશ હોવું જોઈએ. તેનાથી વિપરીત, તેનો અર્થ એ છે કે **પરીક્ષાઓ** તેમને આનંદિત થવા માટેનો સર્વસામાન્ય પ્રસંગ પૂરો પાડે છે કેમ કે ઈશ્વર તેમનામાં મૂલ્યવાન બાબતોનો વિકાસ કરે છે. આ બાબતોનું વર્ણન તે આગળની કલમમાં કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમારે ખૂબ ખુશ થવું જોઈએ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 6 | JAS | 1 | 2 | j005 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | my brothers | ઈસુમાં સાથી વિશ્વાસીઓના ઉલ્લેખ માટે યાકૂબ લાક્ષણિક રીતે **ભાઈઓ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર જેમ યુ.એસ.ટી. માં છે તેમ: “મારા સાથી વિશ્વાસીઓ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 7 | JAS | 1 | 2 | j007 | figs-metaphor | περιπέσητε | 1 | you fall into | **પરીક્ષાઓ** વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રૂપ પ્રમાણે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે એક ખાડો અથવા પોલાણ હોય **જેની અંદર** વિશ્વાસીઓ પડી શકે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે સામનો કરો” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 8 | JAS | 1 | 3 | j009 | γινώσκοντες ὅτι | 1 | knowing that | જેમ યુ.એસ.ટી. કરે છે તેમ અહિ નવા વાક્યની શરૂઆત કરવી મદદરૂપ બની શકે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “હું ઈચ્છું છું તમે તે જાણો” અથવા “તમને તેનો ખ્યાલ આવવો જોઈએ” | |
| 9 | JAS | 1 | 4 | unh4 | figs-doublet | τέλειοι καὶ ὁλόκληροι | 1 | perfect and whole | શબ્દો **સંપૂર્ણ** અને **સમગ્ર,** સમાન બાબતનો અર્થ ધરાવે છે. ભાર મૂકવા માટે યાકૂબ તેમનો ઉપયોગ એકસાથે કરે છે. આ સંદર્ભમાં, **સંપૂર્ણ** શબ્દનો અર્થ કોઈ પણ ખામીઓ વિનાના હોવાનો નથી. તેનાથી વિપરીત, કશુંક જે તેના ધ્યેયે પંહોચી ગયું છે તેને તે ઉલ્લેખે છે. **સમગ્ર** શબ્દ, કશુંક તેના ભાગો અથવા ટુકડાઓની ગેરહાજરી અનુભવતું નથી, તેને વર્ણવે છે. એકસાથે, આ શબ્દો પરિપકવ ખ્રિસ્તી ચારીત્ર્યને વર્ણવે છે. જો તમારી ભાષામાં વધુ સ્પષ્ટ હોય તો, આ શબ્દોની જોડનું ભાષાંતર તમે એક અભિવ્યક્તિ દ્વારા કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સંપૂર્ણપણે પરિપકવ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 10 | JAS | 1 | 4 | l7ef | ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι | 1 | lacking in nothing | તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં આને તમે હકારાત્મક રીતે જણાવી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમારે જરૂરી હોય તે સઘળું હોવું” or “તમારે જરૂરી હોય તે સર્વ હોવું” | |
| 11 | JAS | 1 | 5 | q2df | αἰτείτω παρὰ…Θεοῦ | 1 | let him ask from God | વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેને ઈશ્વર પાસે માંગવા દો” | |
| 12 | JAS | 1 | 6 | y2mk | figs-doublenegatives | μηδὲν διακρινόμενος | 1 | doubting nothing | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો તમે આ બમણા નકારાત્મક, જે નકારાત્મક ક્રિયાપદ **શંકાશીલ** અને નકારાત્મક કર્મ **કાંઈ નહિ** નો સમાવેશ કરે છે, તેનું ભાષાંતર કરવા વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ચોક્કસ ખાતરી સાથે કે ઈશ્વર જવાબ આપશે” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 13 | JAS | 1 | 6 | p12l | figs-simile | ἔοικεν κλύδωνι θαλάσσης, ἀνεμιζομένῳ καὶ ῥιπιζομένῳ | 1 | has become like a wave of the sea, wind-blown and tossed | આ સરખામણીનો હેતુ છે કે કોઇપણ જે શંકા કરશે તે સમુન્દ્રમાંના મોજાં સમાન હશે, જે વિવિધ દિશાઓમાં ફર્યા કરશે. તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં, આ અર્થને તમે બિન-અલંકારિક રીતે વ્યક્ત કરી શકો છો. (જો કે, તમે ઉપમાને પુનઃઉલ્લેખ કરી શકો છો, હવે પછીની નોંધમાં સૂચવવામાં આવ્યું છે તેમ) વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “શું કરવું તે વિષે તે પોતાનું મન બદલ્યા કરશે” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 14 | JAS | 1 | 6 | j011 | translate-unknown | κλύδωνι θαλάσσης, ἀνεμιζομένῳ καὶ ῥιπιζομένῳ | 1 | a wave of the sea, wind-blown and tossed | જો તમે ઉપમાનો ઉપયોગ તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં કરવા ઈચ્છતા હો પરંતુ તમારા વાચકો જો **સમુન્દ્રના મોજા** થી પરિચિત હોય નહિ, તો તમે બીજા ઉદાહરણનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો છો જેનાથી તેઓ પરિચિત હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પવનમાં ફરતી રણની રેતી” અથવા “ઘાસના ઊંચા દાંડા પવનમાં આગળ અને પાછળ ફરતા હોય છે” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 15 | JAS | 1 | 6 | j012 | figs-activepassive | κλύδωνι θαλάσσης, ἀνεμιζομένῳ καὶ ῥιπιζομένῳ | 1 | a wave of the sea, wind-blown and tossed | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધરે સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, આને તમે સક્રિય સ્વરૂપમાં કહી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સમુન્દ્રનું મોજું કે જેને પવન હવામાં ઉડાડી અને ફંગોળી રહ્યો છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 16 | JAS | 1 | 7 | j013 | figs-gendernotations | μὴ γὰρ οἰέσθω ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος | 1 | For let that man not think | **પુરુષ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ સામાન્ય સંદર્ભમાં કરી રહ્યો છે જે બંને, પુરુષો અને સ્ત્રીઓનો સમાવેશ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આવા વ્યક્તિ વિચાર કરતા નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 17 | JAS | 1 | 8 | b5t6 | figs-metaphor | ἀνὴρ δίψυχος | 1 | a double-minded man | યાકૂબ આ વ્યક્તિ વિષે અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે તે વ્યક્તિને બે મન હોય, એક મનથી એક બાબત કરવાનું નક્કી કરે છે અને બીજું મન કાંઇક અલગ કરવાનું નક્કી કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એક વ્યક્તિ કે જે નિર્ણય કરી શકતો નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 18 | JAS | 1 | 8 | j014 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνὴρ δίψυχος | 1 | a double-minded man | પુરુષ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ સામાન્ય સંદર્ભમાં કરી રહ્યો છે જે બંને, પુરુષો અને સ્ત્રીઓનો સમાવેશ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એક વ્યક્તિ કે જે નિર્ણય કરી શકતો નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 19 | JAS | 1 | 8 | k89p | figs-metaphor | ἀκατάστατος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ | 1 | unsettled in all his ways | યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરી રહ્યો છે જાણે કે જીવને માર્ગો રજૂ કર્યા હોય લોકોને જીવવા માટે, અને તે આ વ્યક્તિ માટે અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરી રહ્યો છે જાણે કે કયો માર્ગ પસંદ કરવો તે આ વ્યક્તિ નક્કી કરી શકતો નથી. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એક કે જે નક્કી કરી શકતો નથી કાંતો એક બાબત કરવી અથવા બીજી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 20 | JAS | 1 | 9 | j015 | καυχάσθω δὲ ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὁ ταπεινὸς | 1 | Now let the lowly brother boast | **અભિમાન કરવું,** એ શબ્દોને યાકૂબ હકારાત્મક સંદર્ભમાં ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યો નથી. તે તેનો અર્થ અન્ય લોકો પર બડાઈ મારવી અથવા પોતાને વખાણવું, તેમ પાપરૂપી રીતે કરતો નથી. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “હવે નિમ્ન કક્ષાના ભાઈને સંતોષ લેવા દો” | |
| 21 | JAS | 1 | 9 | j016 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφὸς | 1 | brother | ઈસુમાં સાથી વિશ્વાસી ભાઈનો ઉલ્લેખ કરવા યાકૂબ આ શબ્દ **ભાઈ** નો ઉપયોગ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે. જુઓ કે તમે આ શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર ૧:૨ માં કેવી રીતે કર્યું છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “વિશ્વાસી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 22 | JAS | 1 | 9 | j017 | figs-abstractnouns | τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ | 1 | his exaltation | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, અમૂર્ત નામ **ઉન્નતિ** પાછળના વિચારને તમે સમકક્ષ શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા વ્યક્ત કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઉચ્ચ સ્થાન તે ગ્રહણ કરે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 23 | JAS | 1 | 9 | yxs5 | figs-metaphor | τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ | 1 | his exaltation | યાકૂબ અવકાશી રૂપકનો ઉપયોગ કરીને ગરીબ વિશ્વાસીઓને વર્ણવે છે જાણે કે તેઓ ઉચ્ચ સ્થાને હતા. તે એવું જણાવવા માંગે છે કે તેઓ માટે ઈશ્વરે વિશેષ કાળજી દર્શાવી છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેના માટે ઈશ્વરે વિશેષ કાળજી જે ઈશ્વરે દર્શાવી છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 24 | JAS | 1 | 10 | uzk7 | figs-ellipsis | ὁ δὲ πλούσιος, ἐν τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ | 1 | but the rich in his lowliness | યાકૂબ અમુક શબ્દોને છોડી દે છે જે ઘણી ભાષાઓમાં એક વાક્યને પરિપૂર્ણ કરવા જરૂરી બનશે. આ શબ્દોનો ઉમેરો આગળની કલમમાંથી કરી શકાય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરંતુ ધનવાનને તેના નિમ્નપણામાં અભિમાન કરવા દો” અથવા “પરંતુ ધનવાનને તેના નિમ્નપણામાં સંતોષ માણવા દો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 25 | JAS | 1 | 10 | j018 | figs-abstractnouns | τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ | 1 | his lowliness | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તમે અમૂર્ત નામ **નમ્રતા/દીનતા** પાછળના વિચારને એક સમાન શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા વ્યક્ત કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “નિમ્ન સ્થાન તે જે ગ્રહણ કરે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 26 | JAS | 1 | 10 | j019 | figs-metaphor | τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ | 1 | his lowliness | યાકૂબ એક અવકાશી રૂપકનો ઉપયોગ કરી ધનવાન વિશ્વાસીને વર્ણવે છે, જાણે કે તેઓ નિમ્ન સ્થાને હતા એમ દર્શાવવા માટે કે ઈશ્વરે તેમના નમ્રતા શીખવી છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “નમ્રતા જે ઈશ્વરે તેમને શીખવી છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 27 | JAS | 1 | 10 | ulk4 | figs-explicit | τῇ ταπεινώσει αὐτοῦ | 1 | his lowliness | જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે સ્પષ્ટપણે નિર્દેશ કરી શકો છો, જેમ યુ.એસ.ટી. કરે છે તેમ કે, ઈશ્વરે ધનવાન વિશ્વાસીઓને નમ્રતા શીખવી છે તેમ બતાવીને કે તેઓની સંપત્તિ તેઓને બીજા કરતાં વધુ સારા બનાવતી નથી. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 28 | JAS | 1 | 10 | j020 | figs-euphemism | παρελεύσεται | 1 | he will pass away | મરણનો ઉલ્લેખ કરવા માટે યાકૂબ મંદ અભિવ્યક્તિનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તે મરણ પામશે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 29 | JAS | 1 | 10 | nug7 | figs-simile | ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου | 1 | like a flower of the grass | આ સરખામણીનો હેતુ છે કે જેમ જંગલી ફુલો ટૂંકાગાળા માટે ખીલે છે, તેમ ધનવાન વ્યક્તિઓ અન્ય વ્યક્તિઓને જેમ જ સમાન ટૂંકા ગાળા માટે જીવશે, તેથી તેમની સંપત્તિ તેમને કોઈ વિશેષ લાભ આપતી નથી. તમે તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં આ અલંકારિક અભિવ્યક્તિના અર્થને વર્ણવી શકો છો. (જો કે, તમે ઉપમાનો પુનઃઉલ્લેખ કરી શકો છો, જેમ આગળની નોંધમાં સૂચિત કરવામાં આવ્યું છે તેમ.) વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ફક્ત સંબંધિત ટૂંકાગાળા માટે જીવીને” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 30 | JAS | 1 | 10 | j021 | translate-unknown | ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται | 1 | like a flower of the grass | જો તમે તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં ઉપમાનો ઉપયોગ કરવા ઈચ્છતા હોય પરંતુ તમારા વાચકો **ઘાસમાંનું ફૂલ** (એટલે કે, એક જંગલી ફૂલ)થી પરિચિત ના હોય તો, તમે અલગ ઉદાહરણનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો છો. જે ટૂંકાગાળા માટે અસ્તિત્વ ધરાવે છે તેવા કોઈ, તેમને જાણીતાનો ઉપયોગ તમે કરી શકો છો. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 31 | JAS | 1 | 11 | j022 | ἀνέτειλεν γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος σὺν τῷ καύσωνι, καὶ ἐξήρανεν τὸν χόρτον, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος αὐτοῦ ἐξέπεσεν, καὶ ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο | 1 | For the sun rose with heat and dried up the grass, and its flower fell off and the beauty of its face perished | જાણે કશુક થયું હોય તેની વાત તે કરતો હોય તેમ યાકૂબ અહિ ભૂતકાળમાં ઉદાહરણ આપે છે. (આ વિષે યાકૂબના પત્રની પ્રસ્તાવનાના ભાગ ૩ ની ચર્ચા જુઓ.) જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તમે આનું ભાષાંતર વર્તમાનકાળમાં કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “કેમ કે સૂર્ય ગરમી સાથે ઉગે છે અને ઘાસને સૂકવી નાખે છે, અને તેનું ફૂલ ખરી પડે છે અને તેની સુંદરતા નાશ પામે છે” | |
| 32 | JAS | 1 | 11 | j023 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | યાકૂબ પરિણામનું કારણ આપે છે જે તેણે અગાઉની કલમમાં સ્પસ્ટપણે વર્ણવેલ છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આ કારણથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 33 | JAS | 1 | 11 | j024 | σὺν τῷ καύσωνι | 1 | with heat | અહિ, **ગરમી**નો અર્થ એક અથવા બે બાબતો થઇ શકે છે. (૧) તે તીવ્ર, સૂકી ગરમીનો ઉલ્લેખ કરી શકે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અને કિરણોત્સર્ગ સૂકી ગરમી” અથવા, જો તમે વર્તમાનકાળનો ઉપયોગ કરતા હોય તો, “અને કિરણોત્સર્ગ સૂકવી નાંખતી ગરમી” (2) તે ગરમ પવનનો ઉલ્લેખ કરતી હોય જે પૂર્ણ સૂર્યપ્રકાશમાં થાય છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અને ગરમ પવનને ઉપજાવ્યો” અથવા, જો તમે વર્તમાનકાળમાં ઉલ્લેખ કરતા હોય તો, “અને ગરમ પવનને ઉપજાવે છે” | |
| 34 | JAS | 1 | 11 | j026 | figs-metaphor | ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο | 1 | the beauty of its face perished | યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે **ફૂલ** વિષે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તેને **ચહેરો** હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેને દેખાવ હવે સુંદર હતો નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 35 | JAS | 1 | 11 | gv7v | figs-metaphor | ἡ εὐπρέπεια τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἀπώλετο | 1 | the beauty of its face perished | ફૂલની **સુંદરતા** વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે **નષ્ટ થયું છે** અથવા મૃત્યું પામ્યું છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેનો દેખાવ હવે સુંદર હતો નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 36 | JAS | 1 | 11 | j027 | figs-simile | οὕτως καὶ | 1 | Thus also | યાકૂબ **આમ પણ** શબ્દોનો ઉપયોગ એક ધનવાન વ્યક્તિ અને નાશ પામી રહેલ ફૂલ વચ્ચે રૂપક અથવા સરખામણીને પ્રસ્તુત કરવા કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એ જ રીતે” અથવા “તેવી જ રીતે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 37 | JAS | 1 | 11 | j028 | figs-nominaladj | ὁ πλούσιος | 1 | the rich | એક પ્રકારના વ્યક્તિને દર્શાવવા, યાકૂબ વિશેષણ **ધનવાન**નો ઉપયોગ નામ તરીકે કરે છે. તમારી ભાષામાં આ જ સમાન રીતે વિશેષણનો ઉપયોગ થતો હોય. જો તેમ ના હોય તો, તમે આનું ભાષાંતર સમાન અભિવ્યક્તિ તરીકે કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એક વ્યક્તિ કે જે ધનવાન છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 38 | JAS | 1 | 11 | sdi2 | figs-metaphor | ἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ | 1 | in his journeys | **ધનવાન** વ્યક્તિની પ્રવૃત્તિઓ વિષે યાકૂબ એ રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે તેણે લીધેલ એક મુસાફરી હતી. આ રૂપક સમાવેશ કરે છે કે તે તેના આવનાર મૃત્યુ વિષે વિચાર કરતો નથી અને તે તેને આશ્ચર્યજનક રીતે પડકી પાડશે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેની પ્રવૃત્તિઓ મધ્યે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 39 | JAS | 1 | 12 | m13d | figs-idiom | μακάριος ἀνὴρ ὃς ὑπομένει πειρασμόν | 1 | Blessed is the man who endures trial | **આશીર્વાદિત છે** સૂચવે છે કે ઈશ્વર કોઈકની તરફેણ કરે છે અથવા કે તેની સ્થિતિ હકારાત્મક અથવા સારી છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જે વ્યક્તિ પરીક્ષાને સહન કરે છે તે ઈશ્વરની તરફેણ પ્રાપ્ત કરે છે” અથવા “જે વ્યક્તિ પરીક્ષાને સહન કરે છે તે એક હકારાત્મક સ્થિતિમાં છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 40 | JAS | 1 | 12 | j029 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνὴρ | 1 | the man | યાકૂબ **પુરુષ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ સામાન્ય સંદર્ભમાં કરે છે જે પુરુષો અને સ્ત્રીઓ, બંનેનો સમાવેશ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એક વ્યક્તિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 41 | JAS | 1 | 12 | vta6 | δόκιμος γενόμενος | 1 | becoming approved | આનું ભાષાંતર તમે કેવી રીતે કરો છો તેને આધાર આ વાક્યમાં તમે **પરીક્ષા**નું ભાષાંતર કેવી રીતે કર્યું છે તે પર આધારિત છે. (તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં તમે ધ્યાન આપી શકો છો કે આ વ્યક્તિને ઈશ્વર કેવી રીતે માન્ય કરે છે, યુ.એસ.ટી.માં દર્શાવ્યા પ્રમાણે) વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: (૧) “એક વખત તેણે તેનું વિશ્વાસીપણું દર્શાવ્યું છે” (2) “એક વખત તેણે તેની આધિનતા દર્શાવી છે” | |
| 42 | JAS | 1 | 12 | j030 | figs-possession | λήμψεται τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς | 1 | he will receive the crown of life | યાકૂબ સંજ્ઞાના માલિકી સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ, મુગટ કે જે જીવન સાથે જોડાયેલ છે તેનો ઉલ્લેખ કરવા નહિ પરંતુ જીવન તે જાણે કે મુગટ હોય તેમ વર્ણવા કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “મુગટ કે જે જીવન છે તેને તે પ્રાપ્ત કરશે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 43 | JAS | 1 | 12 | k3hh | figs-metaphor | λήμψεται τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς | 1 | he will receive the crown of life | મુગટના ચિત્રનો અલંકારિક રીતે ઉપયોગ કરીને યાકૂબ સૂચિત કરે છે કે ઈશ્વર આ વ્યક્તિને માન આપશે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેને જીવન આપવા દ્વારા ઈશ્વર તેને માન આપશે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 44 | JAS | 1 | 12 | j031 | figs-metaphor | λήμψεται τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς | 1 | he will receive the crown of life | યાકૂબ સંભવિતપણે શારીરિક જીવનની નહિ પરંતુ આત્મિક જીવનની વાત કરે છે, જે શારીરિક મરણ બાદ ઈશ્વરની હજૂરાતમાં સદાકાળને માટે જીવવું. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વર તે વ્યક્તિને તેમની હજૂરમાં અનંતકાળિક જીવન આપવા દ્વારા માન આપશે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 45 | JAS | 1 | 13 | lh7z | figs-activepassive | ἀπὸ Θεοῦ πειράζομαι | 1 | I am tempted by God | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધારે સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તેને તમે સક્રિય સ્વરૂપમાં કહી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વર મને લલચાવે છે” or “ઈશ્વર મને કશુક ખોટું કરવા દોરે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 46 | JAS | 1 | 13 | p5cp | ὁ…Θεὸς ἀπείραστός ἐστιν κακῶν | 1 | God is untempted by evil | જો કે યુ.એલ.ટી. **લલચાયા વિનાનો** શબ્દોનું ભાષાંતર એક વિષેશણ તરીકે કરે છે, બિનસક્રિય શાબ્દિક સ્વરૂપે નહિ, પરંતુ તમારી ભાષમાં કદાચ તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોઈ શકે જો તમે તેનું ભાષાંતર સક્રિય શાબ્દિક સ્વરૂપમાં કરો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “દુષ્ટતા ઈશ્વરનું પરીક્ષણ કરતી નથી” અથવા “તેને ખોટું કરવા માટે દોરવાની ઈચ્છા, ઈશ્વર કદી ધરાવી શકતા નથી” | |
| 47 | JAS | 1 | 13 | zb13 | πειράζει δὲ αὐτὸς οὐδένα | 1 | and he himself tempts no one | વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અને ઈશ્વર સ્વયં કદી કોઈને કશું ખોટું કરવા માટે દોરવણી આપતા નથી” | |
| 48 | JAS | 1 | 14 | j032 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | But | **પણ/પરંતુ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ, ખોટા ખ્યાલ કે ઈશ્વર કદાચ કોઈને લલચાવે અને સત્ય કે દરેક વ્યક્તિ **પોતાની ઈચ્છા દ્વારા પરીક્ષણ પામે છે,** તે વિરોધાભાસને સૂચિત કરવા કરે છે. આ એક ખૂબ મજબૂત વિરોધાભાસ છે, અને તેના માટે તમે મજબૂત અભિવ્યક્તિનો ઉપયોગ કરવાનું વિચારી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ના, તેનાથી વિપરીત,” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 49 | JAS | 1 | 14 | j033 | figs-activepassive | ἕκαστος…πειράζεται ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἐξελκόμενος καὶ δελεαζόμενος | 1 | each is tempted by his own desire, dragged away and enticed | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો તમે આ દરેક બાબતોને સક્રિય શાબ્દિક સ્વરૂપો સાથે કહી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “દરેક વ્યક્તિની પોતાની ઈચ્છા તેને લલચાવે છે અને પછી તેને લોભાવી દૂર લઈ જાય છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 50 | JAS | 1 | 14 | nj9m | figs-personification | ἕκαστος…πειράζεται ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἐξελκόμενος καὶ δελεαζόμενος | 1 | each is tempted by his own desire, dragged away and enticed | **ઈચ્છાઓ** વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે એક જીવિત વસ્તુ હોય જે સક્રિયપણે લોકોનું પરીક્ષણ કરી શકે, તેમને લોભાવે, અને તેમને ગુલામ તરીકે ખેંચીને લઈ જઈ શકે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જ્યારે જેની ઈચ્છા તેણે રાખવી જોઈએ નહિ તેવા કશાકની ઈચ્છાઓ તે ધરાવે છે ત્યારે દરેક વ્યક્તિ ખોટું કરવાનું ઈચ્છે છે અને કારણ કે તે વસ્તુ પ્રત્યે તે આકર્ષિત થયો હોય છે, તેથી તે પાપ કરે છે અને પછી પાપ કરતા અટકી શકતો નથી.” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 51 | JAS | 1 | 14 | nle5 | figs-events | ἐξελκόμενος καὶ δελεαζόμενος | 1 | dragged away and enticed | જ્યારે ભાષાંતર કરેલ શબ્દો, **પાપ કરવાની પ્રેરણા/લોભાવવું,** મહંદઅંશે અર્થ ધરાવે છે કે શિકારને ફસાવવા માટે છટકું ગોઠવવું, તેથી યાકૂબ કદાચ પરિણામ પર ભાર મૂકે છે (પકડાયેલા શિકારને **ખેંચીને લઈ જવામાં આવે છે**), જે પ્રાપ્ત કરવા ઉપયોગ કરાયેલ પદ્ધતિ વિષે પ્રથમ વાત કરીને (છટકું ગોઠવવું). તમારી ભાષામાં તે સૂચિત કરવું વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોઈ શકે કે પરિણામ પહેલા પદ્ધતિ આવી. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “લોભાવી અને ખેંચીને દૂર લઇ ગયા” અથવા “લોભાવ્યા પછી ખેંચીને દૂર લઇ ગયા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) |
| 52 | JAS | 1 | 14 | z4bd | figs-metaphor | ἐξελκόμενος καὶ δελεαζόμενος | 1 | dragged away and enticed | યાકૂબ પરીક્ષણ વિષે અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે વ્યક્તિ કે જે તેમાં ફસાયો તે લોભામણા ફાંદામાં ગુલામ બનાવાયો હોય. જો તમારા વાચકોને મદદરૂપ હોય, તો તમારે આ અર્થાલંકારનું ભાષાંતર એક રૂપક તરીકે કરવું. અહિ એક નવા વાક્યની શરૂઆત કરવી પણ મદદરૂપ બની શકે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જાણે કે ખોટી વસ્તુ જે તેણે ઈચ્છી હતી તે એક લોભામણી જાળ હતી, જેણે તેને પકડી પાડ્યો કે જેથી શિકારી પછી તેને દૂર ખેંચી લઇ જઈ શકે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 53 | JAS | 1 | 15 | s4cd | figs-personification | εἶτα ἡ ἐπιθυμία συλλαβοῦσα τίκτει ἁμαρτίαν | 1 | Then desire, having conceived, bears sin | જેમ કે તે એક જીવિત વસ્તુ હોય તેમ **ઈચ્છા** વિષે અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરવાનું યાકૂબ જારી રાખે છે, આ કેસમાં જાણે કે તે એક સ્ત્રી હોય જે ગર્ભવતી થઇને જન્મ આપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જો એક વ્યક્તિ ખોટી ઈચ્છાઓને પોષે તો તે વધુને વધુ પાપ પ્રત્યે ઢળેલો બનશે, જ્યાં સુધી તે આખરે પાપ કરે નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 54 | JAS | 1 | 15 | j035 | figs-personification | ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία ἀποτελεσθεῖσα, ἀποκύει θάνατον | 1 | and sin, having grown up, gives birth to death | જેમ કે તે એક જીવિત વસ્તુ હોય તેમ **પાપ** વિષે પણ યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે, એક નાની છોકરી જે વૃદ્ધિ પામી એક સ્ત્રી બને છે અને ગર્ભવતી પણ થઇને જન્મ આપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અને જો તે પાપ કરવાનું જારી રાખે, તો તે તેના જીવનને વધુ ને વધુ અસર કરશે, જ્યાં સુધી તે તેના મૃત્યુનું કારણ ન બને” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 55 | JAS | 1 | 15 | j036 | figs-metaphor | ἀποκύει θάνατον | 1 | gives birth to death | અહિ **મૃત્યુ** નો અર્થ હોઈ શકે: (૧) યાકૂબ કદાચ આત્મિક મરણ એટલે કે ઈશ્વરથી દૂર થઇ જવા વિષે વાત કરે છે. આ જ ભાષાંતર યુ.એસ.ટી.માં છે. (૨) યાકૂબ કદાચ શારીરિક મરણ વિષે વાત કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “વ્યક્તિને મૃત્યુ પમાડે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 56 | JAS | 1 | 16 | v195 | figs-metaphor | μὴ πλανᾶσθε | 1 | Do not be led astray | જાણે કે કોઈ છેતરામણા માર્ગદર્શકો તેના વાચકોને ખોટી દિશામાં દોરી જવાનો પ્રયત્ન કરતા હોય તેમ અલંકારિક રીતે યાકૂબ વાત કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “છેતરાશો નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 57 | JAS | 1 | 16 | j037 | figs-activepassive | μὴ πλανᾶσθε | 1 | Do not be led astray | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તમે આને સક્રિય સ્વરૂપ સાથે કહી શકો છો. અહિ જે અર્થ છે તે સંભવતઃ સાચે જ નિષ્ક્રિય નથી. એટલે કે, જો કે યાકૂબ એ રીતે વાત કરે છે કે કોઈક તેના વાચકોને ખોટા રસ્તે દોરે, કદાચ સંભવતઃ તેનો અર્થ એ નથી. આનો અર્થ હોઈ શકે કે: (૧) યાકૂબ કદાચ તેના વાચકોને ચેતવણી આપે છે કે તેઓ પોતાને ખોટા માર્ગે જવા ના દે, એટલે કે, પોતાને છેતરવા દે નહિ. યુ.એસ.ટી.નું ભાષાંતર આ મુજબ છે. (૨) આ વાક્ય કદાચ સામાન્ય સક્રિય અર્થ ધરાવતું હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આ વિષે કોઈ ભૂલ કરશો નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 58 | JAS | 1 | 16 | j039 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοί | 1 | my beloved brothers | [૧:૨](https://create.translationcore.com/01/02.md) માં તમે **ભાઈઓ** શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર કેવી રીતે કર્યું છે તે જુઓ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “મારા પ્રિય સાથી વિશ્વાસીઓ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 59 | JAS | 1 | 17 | j040 | figs-metaphor | πᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ, καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον, ἄνωθέν ἐστιν | 1 | Every good present and every perfect gift is from above | અહિ, **ઉપરથી,** તે એક અવકાશી રૂપક છે જે અલંકારિક રીતે ઈશ્વરનું વર્ણન કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વર આપણને દરેક સારી ભેટ અને દરેક સંપૂર્ણ ભેટ આપે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 60 | JAS | 1 | 17 | t2nn | figs-doublet | πᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ, καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον, ἄνωθέν ἐστιν | 1 | Every good present and every perfect gift is from above | **સારી ભેટ** અને **સંપૂર્ણ ભેટ,** શબ્દસમૂહોનો અર્થ એકસમાન થાય છે. ભાર મૂકવા માટે યાકૂબ તેમનો ઉપયોગ એકસાથે કરે છે. (જેમ [૧:૪](https://create.translationcore.com/01/04.md) માં છે તેમ **સંપૂર્ણ** ઉલ્લેખ કરે છે કશાક એવાનો જે સંપૂર્ણપણે વિકાસ પામ્યુ છે જ્યાં તે તેના હેતુને સંપૂર્ણપણે અનુરૂપ થાય છે.) જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તમે આ બંને શબ્દસમૂહોનું ભાષાંતર એક જ અભિવ્યક્તિ દ્વારા કરી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આપણા માટે જે યોગ્ય હોય છે તે બાબતો જ ઈશ્વર આપણને આપે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 61 | JAS | 1 | 17 | j041 | figs-metaphor | καταβαῖνον ἀπὸ | 1 | coming down from | અવકાશી રૂપકને આગળ ધપાવતાં, યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે, દાનો/ભેટો વિષે જે ઈશ્વર **તરફથી નીચે આવે છે.** જો તમે બિન-અલંકારિક અભિવ્યક્તિનું ઉપયોગ આનું ભાષાંતર કરવા કરો તો, અહિ નવા વાક્યની શરૂઆત કરવી મદદરૂપ બની શકે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તરફથી તે આપણી પાસે આવે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 62 | JAS | 1 | 17 | n7d8 | figs-metaphor | τοῦ Πατρὸς τῶν φώτων | 1 | the Father of lights | અહિ, **પ્રકાશો** નો સંભવિત અર્થ આકાશમાંના પ્રકાશો છે, એટલે કે, સૂર્ય, ચંદ્ર અને તારાઓ. યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે કે ઈશ્વર તેમના **પિતા** છે કારણ કે તેમણે તેમની રચના કરી છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વર, કે જેમણે સઘળા પ્રકાશોની રચના આકાશમાં કરી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 63 | JAS | 1 | 17 | j042 | figs-doublet | παρ’ ᾧ οὐκ ἔνι παραλλαγὴ ἢ τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα | 1 | with whom there is no change or shadow of turning | અહિ, **બદલાણ** અને **વળાંકના પડછાયા** નો અર્થ એકસમાન થાય છે. યાકૂબ ભાર મૂકવા માટે પુનરાવર્તન કરે છે. જો તે તમારા વાચકોને મદદરૂપ હોય તો તમે તેમનો સમાવેશ એક શબ્દસમૂહમાં કરી **પડછાયા**ના રૂપકને એક અર્થાલંકાર તરીકે અભિવ્યક્ત કરી શકો છો (પાછળની નોંધ જુઓ). અહિ એક નવા વાક્યની શરૂઆત કરવું મદદરૂપ હોઈ શકે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જેમ બદલાતા પડછાયા બદલાયા કરે છે તેમ ઈશ્વર બદલાતા નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 64 | JAS | 1 | 17 | j043 | figs-possession | τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα | 1 | shadow of turning | **પડછાયો** કે જે **બદલાવાની** લાક્ષણિકતા ધરાવે છે તેને વર્ણવવા યાકૂબ માલિકીના સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પડછાયો જે બદલાય છે” અથવા “પડછાયો જે સ્થાન બદલે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 65 | JAS | 1 | 17 | j044 | figs-explicit | τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα | 1 | shadow of turning | આકાશમાંના પ્રકાશોના સર્જક ઈશ્વર સાથે યાકૂબ, તે સ્વયં પ્રકાશોનો વિરોધાભાસ કરે છે જે તેમના સર્જક જેટલી મહાન નથી. તેઓ પડછાયાઓનું સર્જન કરે છે જે સ્થાન બદલે છે, પરંતુ લોકો માટે ફક્ત સારી બાબતો ઇચ્છાવાથી ઈશ્વર ક્યારેય વિચલિત થતા નથી. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો તેને તમે સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “બદલાતા પડછાયાઓ જે સૂર્ય અથવા ચંદ્ર ફેલાવે છે. ના, લોકો માટે ઈશ્વર હંમેશા સારી બાબતો ઈચ્છે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 66 | JAS | 1 | 17 | g5ge | figs-metaphor | τροπῆς ἀποσκίασμα | 1 | shadow of turning | ઈશ્વરમાં શબ્દશઃ **પડછાયો** હોઈ શકે નહિ, તેથી આ રૂપક છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરિવર્તનશીલતા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 67 | JAS | 1 | 18 | j045 | βουληθεὶς, ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς | 1 | Having willed, he gave birth to us | વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આપણને જન્મ આપવાનું ઈશ્વરે પસંદ કર્યું” | |
| 68 | JAS | 1 | 18 | mj29 | figs-metaphor | βουληθεὶς, ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς | 1 | Having willed, he gave birth to us | ઈશ્વરે **આપણને જન્મ આપ્યો** તેવું યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે કહે છે કારણ કે જેઓ ઈસુમાં વિશ્વાસ કરે છે તે સર્વને ઈશ્વર આત્મિક જીવન આપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આપણને આત્મિક જીવન આપવાનું ઈશ્વરે પસંદ કર્યું” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 69 | JAS | 1 | 18 | j047 | figs-possession | λόγῳ ἀληθείας | 1 | by the word of truth | **શબ્દ** જે **સત્ય** દ્વારા ચરીત્રિત કરવામાં આવ્યો છે તેનું વર્ણન કરવા યાકૂબ માલિકી સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સત્ય શબ્દ દ્વારા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 70 | JAS | 1 | 18 | ykq9 | figs-metonymy | λόγῳ ἀληθείας | 1 | by the word of truth | ઈસુ વિષેનો સંદેશ, જે શબ્દોનો ઉપયોગ કરવા દ્વારા આપવામાં આવ્યા હતા, તેને વર્ણવવા યાકૂબ **શબ્દ** પદનો ઉપયોગ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સત્ય સંદેશ દ્વારા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 71 | JAS | 1 | 18 | j049 | figs-explicit | λόγῳ ἀληθείας | 1 | by the word of truth | ઈસુ વિષેના સંદેશનો ઉલ્લેખ યાકૂબ સ્પસ્ટપણે કરી રહ્યો છે. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે તેને સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જ્યારે આપણે ઈસુ વિષેના સત્ય સંદેશ પર વિશ્વાસ કર્યો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 72 | JAS | 1 | 18 | j346 | grammar-connect-logic-goal | εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἀπαρχήν τινα τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισμάτων | 1 | for us to be something like a firstfruits of his creatures | આ હેતુપૂર્ણ વાક્યાંશ છે. ઈશ્વરે **આપણને જન્મ આપવાની ઈચ્છા રાખી** તેના હેતુને યાકૂબ દર્શાવે છે. તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં હેતુપૂર્ણ વાક્યાંશ માટે તમારી ભાષાની સાનુકૂળતા પ્રમાણે અનુસરો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર (અગાઉના અલ્પવિરામ વગર): “કે જેથી આપણે તેમના જીવોમાંના પ્રથમફળો જેવા હોઈશું” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) |
| 73 | JAS | 1 | 18 | j050 | figs-explicit | ἀπαρχήν τινα τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισμάτων | 1 | something like a firstfruits of his creatures | યાકૂબ ધારે છે કે તેના વાચકો જાણશે કે તે ઇઝરાયેલી પરંપરાગત સમર્પણ વિધિનો ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યો છે જેને રૂપકમાં **પ્રથમફળો** તરીકે ઓળખાય છે. ઇઝરાયેલીઓએ દરેક વર્ષે લણણી કરેલ પાકનો કેટલોક પ્રથમ હિસ્સો ઈશ્વરને અર્પણ કરવો, તેવું મૂસાના નિયમશાસ્ત્રે જરૂરી બનાવ્યું હતું. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તો તમે ચોક્કસપણે નિર્દેશ કરી શકો કે આ એક અર્પણનું નામ છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેમના સજીવોમાંથી પ્રથમફળોના અર્પણ સમાન કાંઇક” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 74 | JAS | 1 | 18 | qh2e | figs-simile | ἀπαρχήν τινα τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισμάτων | 1 | something like a firstfruits of his creatures | દરેક વર્ષે જ્યારે તેઓએ તેમના પ્રથમ પાકમાંથી કાંઇક અર્પણ કરતા, ત્યારે ઇઝરાયેલીઓ એ સ્વીકાર કરતા હતા કે સમગ્ર પાક ઈશ્વરનો છે અને તેઓને તે ઈશ્વર તરફથી ભેટરૂપે છે. યાકૂબ આ **પ્રથમફળો** ના અર્પણનો ઉપયોગ રૂપક તરીકે કરે છે એ સૂચિત કરવા કે તેના સમયના વિશ્વાસીઓ એક સંકેત તરીકે છે કે ભવિષ્યમાં ઘણાં બધા લોકો ઈશ્વરના હશે. જો કે, જ્યારે યાકૂબ જીવો વિષે વાત કરે છે ત્યારે તે એમ પણ અર્થ ધરાવતો હોઈ શકે કે ઈસુમાં વિશ્વાસીઓ, ઈશ્વરના સર્જનના પ્રથમ ભાગ છે, શ્રાપમાંથી મુક્ત થવા અને તેમના શાસન હેઠળ પૂર્ણપણે પાછા આવવા. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈસુમાં વિશ્વાસ કરશે તેવા ઘણાં લોકોમાંના પ્રથમ” અથવા “શ્રાપમાંથી મુક્ત થવા અને તેમના શાસન હેઠળ પૂર્ણપણે પાછા આવવા, ઈશ્વરના સર્જનના પ્રથમ ભાગ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 75 | JAS | 1 | 19 | dt7i | figs-sentencetypes | ἴστε | 1 | Know | આ ગ્રીક સ્વરૂપ સંભવતઃ કાંતો આદેશાત્મક અથવા નિર્દેશાત્મક હોઈ શકે, અને તેથી તેનો અર્થ: (૧) જો તે આદેશાત્મક છે તો યાકૂબ તેના વાચકોને કહી રહ્યો છે કે તે જે કહેવા જઈ રહ્યો છે તે પર ધ્યાન આપે વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આ અગત્યનું છે” (૨) જો તે નિર્દેશાત્મક છે તો યાકૂબ તેના વાચકોને કહી રહ્યો છે કે તેઓ જે પહેલેથી જાણે જ છે તેના વિષે તે તેઓને યાદ કરાવવાનો છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે આ પહેલાથી જ જાણો છો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-sentencetypes]]) |
| 76 | JAS | 1 | 19 | j051 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοί | 1 | my beloved brothers | [૧:૧](https://create.translationcore.com/01/16.md)<u>૬</u> માં તમે આ અભિવ્યક્તિનું ભાષાંતર કેવી રીતે કર્યું તે જુઓ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “મારા પ્રિય સાથી વિશ્વાસીઓ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 77 | JAS | 1 | 19 | j052 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | But | **પરંતુ** અર્થ હોઈ શકે છે કે: (૧) જો **જાણવું** તે આદેશાત્મક છે, તો યાકૂબ **પણ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ એક તરફી એક અવસ્થા તરીકે કરી રહ્યો છે જે કોઈ વિરોધાભાસને સૂચવતું નથી. જો તમે **જાણવું** નું ભાષાંતર એક આદેશાત્મક તરીકે કરવાનો નિર્ણય કરો છો, તો તમારી ભાષામાં કદાચ સમાન શબ્દ હોય જેનો ઉપયોગ તમે સમાન હેતુ માટે કરી શકો. નહિ તો, તમારે તે શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર કરવાની જરૂર નથી. (૨) જો **જાણવું** નિર્દેશાત્મક છે, તો યાકૂબ **પણ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ હળવા વિરોધાભાસને પસ્તુત કરવા કરી રહ્યો છે. તે કહી રહ્યો છે કે જો કે તે જે કહેવા જઈ રહ્યો છે તે તેના વાચકો જાણતા હોય, તો પણ તે તેના પર ભાર મૂકવા માંગે છે. જો તમે **જાણવું** નું ભાષાંતર એક નિર્દેશાત્મક તરીકે કરવાનો નિર્ણય કરો, તો તમારી ભાષામાં હળવા વિરોધાભાસને પ્રસ્તુત કરતા શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 78 | JAS | 1 | 19 | p728 | figs-idiom | ἔστω…πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ταχὺς εἰς τὸ ἀκοῦσαι, βραδὺς εἰς τὸ λαλῆσαι, βραδὺς εἰς ὀργήν | 1 | let every man be quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger | **બોલવામાં ધીરો** અભિવ્યક્તિ ધીમે બોલવાનો ઉલ્લેખ કરતી નથી. તેના બદલે, તેની આગળ અને તેની પછીની અભિવ્યક્તિઓની જેમ, તે એક રૂઢીપ્રયોગ છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમારામાંનો દરેક સાવચેતીપૂર્વક સાંભળે, શું કહેવું છે તે વિષે વિચારીને જ બોલે, અને સરળતાથી તમારું ધેર્ય ગુમાવવું નહિ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 79 | JAS | 1 | 19 | ev3v | figs-gendernotations | πᾶς ἄνθρωπος | 1 | every man | **પુરુષો/ભાઈઓ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ સામાન્ય અર્થમાં કરે છે જે પુરુષો/ભાઈઓ અને સ્ત્રીઓ/બહેનો બંનેનો સમાવેશ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમારામાંનો દરેક” અથવા “દરેક વ્યક્તિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 80 | JAS | 1 | 20 | j053 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | લોકોએ ગુસ્સે કેમ ના થવું જોઈએ તેનું કારણ યાકૂબ આપે છે, જેમ તેણે અગાઉની કલમમાં કહ્યું છે તેમ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમારે ગુસ્સે થવું જોઈએ નહિ, કારણ કે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 81 | JAS | 1 | 20 | j054 | figs-gendernotations | ὀργὴ…ἀνδρὸς | 1 | the anger of man | **પુરુષો/ભાઈઓ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ સામાન્ય અર્થમાં કરે છે જે પુરુષો/ભાઈઓ અને સ્ત્રીઓ/બહેનો બંનેનો સમાવેશ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “માનવીય ગુસ્સો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 82 | JAS | 1 | 21 | j055 | grammar-connect-logic-result | διὸ | 1 | Therefore | અહિ યાકૂબ તેના વાચકોને કહી રહ્યો છે કે અગાઉની કલમમાં તેણે તેમને જે સમજાવ્યું છે તેના પરિણામસ્વરૂપે તેઓએ કરવું જોઈએ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરિણામે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 83 | JAS | 1 | 21 | hit5 | figs-metaphor | ἀποθέμενοι πᾶσαν ῥυπαρίαν καὶ περισσείαν κακίας | 1 | laying aside all filth and abundance of wickedness | યાકૂબ **ગંદકી/અપવિત્રતા** અને **દુષ્ટતાની વિપુલતા** વિષે એ રીતે વાત કરી રહ્યો છે જાણે કે તે વસ્ત્રો હોય જેને ઉતારી શકતા હોય. તે અભિવ્યક્તિઓ દ્વારા તે પાપ અને ખોટા કાર્યોનો અર્થ તારવે છે. (આ કલમની પાછલી નોંધો તરફ જુઓ). વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પાપ કરવાથી અને ઘણી ખોટી બાબતો કરવાથી અટકી જા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 84 | JAS | 1 | 21 | h226 | figs-doublet | ῥυπαρίαν καὶ περισσείαν κακίας | 1 | filth and abundance of wickedness | **ગંદકી/અપવિત્રતા** અને **દુષ્ટતાની વિપુલતા** અભિવ્યક્તિઓ સમાન અર્થ સૂચવે છે. ભાર મૂકવા માટે યાકૂબ તેમનો ઉપયોગ એકસાથે કરે છે. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે તે બંનેને એક શબ્દસમૂહમાં ગોઠવી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “દરેક પ્રકારનું પાપી વર્તન” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 85 | JAS | 1 | 21 | h8ty | figs-metaphor | ῥυπαρίαν | 1 | filth | પાપ જાણે કે **ગંદકી** હોય તેમ યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે બોલી રહ્યો છે, એટલે કે, એવું કશુક જે લોકોને ગંદા બનાવે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પાપ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 86 | JAS | 1 | 21 | i9w1 | figs-metaphor | δέξασθε τὸν ἔμφυτον λόγον | 1 | receive the implanted word | બીજી વસ્તુમાં કશાકને મૂકવામાં આવે તેનું વર્ણન **રોપાયેલ** શબ્દ કરે છે. ઈશ્વરના વચન વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે વચનોને વિશ્વાસીઓમાં રોપવામાં આવ્યા હતા અને વિશ્વાસીઓમાં તે વચનો વૃદ્ધિ પામે છે.વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે જે વચનો સાંભળ્યા છે તેને આધીન થાઓ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 87 | JAS | 1 | 21 | j057 | figs-metonymy | δέξασθε τὸν ἔμφυτον λόγον | 1 | receive the implanted word | ઈસુ વિશેનો સંદેશ જે શબ્દોના ઉપયોગ કરવા દ્વારા આપવામાં આવ્યો હતો તેનું વર્ણન કરવા યાકૂબ **વચન** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે.વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈસુ વિષેનો સંદેશ તમે જે સાંભળ્યો છે તેને આધીન થાઓ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 88 | JAS | 1 | 21 | ekl3 | figs-personification | τὸν δυνάμενον σῶσαι τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν | 1 | which is able to save your souls | **વચન** અથવા સંદેશ વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે જીવંત બાબત હોય જે સક્રિય રીતે વિશ્વાસીઓને **બચાવ** કરી શકે છે. સંદેશ પ્રત્યેની આધિનતા ઉદ્ધાર તરફ દોરી જશે તેવો અર્થ તે ધરાવે છે. અહિ નવા વાક્યની શરૂઆત કરવી મદદરૂપ બની શકે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જો તમે તેમ કરશો તો, તમે ઉદ્ધાર પામશો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 89 | JAS | 1 | 21 | z73e | figs-synecdoche | τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν | 1 | your souls | તેના વાચકોના એક ભાગ, તેઓના **આત્માઓ**નો ઉપયોગ તેઓના સમગ્ર અસ્તિત્વના અર્થમાં યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 90 | JAS | 1 | 22 | j059 | figs-ellipsis | γίνεσθε δὲ ποιηταὶ λόγου, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἀκροαταὶ | 1 | be doers of the word and not only hearers | આ કલમના અંતમાં, યાકૂબ કેટલાક શબ્દોને છોડી દે છે જે શબ્દો ઘણી ભાષાઓમાં વાક્ય ક્રમને પૂર્ણ કરવા માટે જરૂરી હોય. કલમના આગળના ભાગમાંથી આ શબ્દોને પૂરા પાડી શકાય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “વચનના ફક્ત સાંભળનારા જ નહિ પરંતુ વચનના અમલ કરનાર પણ બનો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 91 | JAS | 1 | 22 | x14m | figs-metonymy | γίνεσθε…ποιηταὶ λόγου, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἀκροαταὶ | 1 | be doers of the word and not only hearers | ઈસુ વિશેનો સંદેશ જે શબ્દોના ઉપયોગ કરવા દ્વારા આપવામાં આવ્યો હતો તેનું વર્ણન કરવા યાકૂબ **વચન** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે.વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈસુ વિષેના સંદેશને આધીન થાઓ, ફક્ત સાંભળશો જ નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 92 | JAS | 1 | 23 | j060 | figs-hypo | ὅτι εἴ τις ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν, καὶ οὐ ποιητής, οὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ | 1 | For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man beholding the face of his birth in a mirror | યાકૂબ અનુમાનિત/કાલ્પનિક પરિસ્થિતિનો ઉપયોગ શિક્ષણ આપવા માટે કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ધારો કે કોઈ વચનનો સાંભળનાર માત્ર છે અને તે પ્રમાણે વર્તનાર નહિ. તો પછી તે વ્યક્તિ અરીસામાં તેના બાળપણની છબી જોનાર જેવો છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 93 | JAS | 1 | 23 | r6pp | figs-ellipsis | ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν, καὶ οὐ ποιητής | 1 | is a hearer of the word and not a doer | આ કલમના અંતમાં, યાકૂબ કેટલાક શબ્દોને છોડી દે છે જે વાક્યને પૂર્ણ કરવા માટે ઘણી ભાષાઓમાં જરૂરી હોય શકે છે. આ કલમના આગળના ભાગમાંથી આ શબ્દો લઇ શકાય છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “વચન સાંભળનાર છે અને વચનનું પાલન કરનાર નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 94 | JAS | 1 | 23 | j061 | figs-idiom | ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν, καὶ οὐ ποιητής | 1 | is a hearer of the word and not a doer | આ અભિવ્યક્તિનું ભાષાંતર તમે આગળની કલમમાં કેવી રીતે કર્યું છે તે જુઓ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “વચનને ફક્ત સાંભળે જ છે પરંતુ આધીન થતો નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 95 | JAS | 1 | 23 | j062 | figs-metonymy | λόγου | 1 | of the word | ઈસુ વિશેનો સંદેશ જે શબ્દોના ઉપયોગ કરવા દ્વારા આપવામાં આવ્યો હતો તેનું વર્ણન કરવા યાકૂબ વચન શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે.વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈસુ વિષેના સંદેશ વિષે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 96 | JAS | 1 | 23 | pw5x | figs-simile | οὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ | 1 | he is like a man beholding the face of his birth in a mirror | અહિ યાકૂબ રૂપક સાથે શરૂઆત કરે છે, ઉદાહરણ દ્વારા સરખામણી, જે આગળની બે કલમોમાં જારી રહે છે. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 97 | JAS | 1 | 23 | j063 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνδρὶ | 1 | a man | **પુરુષ/ભાઈ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ સામાન્ય અર્થમાં કરે છે જે બંને પુરુષો/ભાઈઓ અને સ્ત્રીઓ/બહેનોનો સમાવેશ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એક વ્યક્તિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 98 | JAS | 1 | 23 | j064 | translate-unknown | ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ | 1 | in a mirror | **અરીસો** અમુક પ્રતિબિંબીત સામગ્રીથી બનેલો સપાટ પદાર્થ છે, જેમ કે કાચ અથવા ઘસીને ચકચકીત કરવામાં આવેલ ધાતુ, જેનો ઉપયોગ લોકો પોતે કેવા દેખાય છે તે જોવા કરે છે. જો તમારા વાચકો **અરીસો** શું છે તેનાથી પરિચિત ના હોય તો એવા કશા નામનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો છો જે તમારી સંસ્કૃતિ અનુસાર આ સંદર્ભ દર્શાવતો હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પાણીમાં પ્રતિબીંબ દર્શાવવું” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 99 | JAS | 1 | 24 | j065 | figs-explicit | γὰρ | 1 | For | **માટે** એક કારણને પ્રસ્તાવિત કરે છે, જેમ અપેક્ષિત હોય તેમ, પરંતુ સંદર્ભમાં અનુમાનિત તેવું તે એક કારણ છે. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, યાકૂબ જે કારણ આપે છે તેને તમે સ્પસ્ટપણે દર્શાવી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એ તેને ખરેખર મદદરૂપ થયું નહિ, કારણ કે” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 100 | JAS | 1 | 24 | wu34 | κατενόησεν…ἑαυτὸν καὶ ἀπελήλυθεν, καὶ εὐθέως ἐπελάθετο ὁποῖος ἦν | 1 | he beheld himself and went away and immediately forgot of what sort he was | અહિ યાકૂબ ભૂતકાળમાં એક ઉદાહરણ આપે છે જાણે કે કશુંક થઇ ગયું હોય તેની તે વાત કરી રહ્યો હોય તેમ. (યાકૂબના પત્રની પ્રસ્તાવનાના ભાગ ૩ ની ચર્ચા જુઓ.) જો તમારી ભાષામાં જો તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય, તો તમે આનું ભાષાંતર વર્તમાન કાળમાં કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તે પોતાને જુએ છે અને ત્યાંથી તે દૂર જાય છે અને તરત જ ભૂલી જાય છે કે તે કેવો દેખાતો હતો” | |
| 101 | JAS | 1 | 24 | j066 | writing-pronouns | κατενόησεν…ἑαυτὸν | 1 | he beheld himself | અગાઉની કલમમાં તેણે શરુ કરેલ ઉપમાને યાકૂબ જારી રાખે છે, તેથી સર્વનામ **તે** અને **પોતે** ઉલ્લેખ કરે છે એ અનુમાનિત વ્યક્તિનું જે અરીસામાં જુએ છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: (વર્તમાનકાળનો ઉપયોગ કરીને): “આવા વ્યક્તિએ પોતાને અરીસામાં જોયો” અથવા, જો તમે વર્તમાનકાળનો ઉપયોગ કરતા હોય તો, “આવો વ્યક્તિ પોતાને અરીસામાં જુએ છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 102 | JAS | 1 | 24 | j067 | figs-explicit | καὶ ἀπελήλυθεν, καὶ εὐθέως ἐπελάθετο ὁποῖος ἦν | 1 | and went away and immediately forgot of what sort he was | યાકૂબ સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી રહ્યો છે કે આ એક વ્યક્તિ છે કે જે જુએ છે છતાંપણ કાંઈ કરતો નથી, અને તે એક એવા વ્યક્તિ સમાન છે, જે ઈશ્વરનું વચન સાંભળે છે પરંતુ તેને આધીન થતો નથી. આનું લાગુકરણ એમ છે કે તે અરીસામાં જુએ છે કે તેણે કશુંક કરવાનું છે, જેમ કે તેનો ચહેરો ધોવો અથવા તેના વાળ સરખા કરવા. પરંતુ તે જ્યારે અરીસામાં જોતો હોય છે ત્યારે તે કશું કરતો નથી, તેથી જ્યારે તે ત્યાંથી નીકળી જાય છે ત્યારે તે વિષે તે ભૂલી જાય છે. સરખામણીનો મુદ્દો એ છે કે વ્યક્તિ જે ઈશ્વરના વચનને આધીન થતો નથી તે આવા વ્યક્તિના જેવો છે. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો તમે તેને સ્પસ્ટપણે વર્ણવી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરંતુ કારણ કે તેણે જે જોયું કે જે તેણે કરવું જોઈએ તે તેણે તરત જ ન કર્યું, તેથી જ્યારે તે અરીસાથી દૂર ગયો ત્યારે તેણે જે જોયું તે, તે ભૂલી ગયો અને તેથી તેણે તેના વિશે કંઇ કર્યું નહીં” અથવા, જો તમે વર્તમાનકાળનો ઉપયોગ કરો તો, “પરંતુ કારણ કે જે તેણે જોયું કે તેણે કરવું જોઈએ, તે તેણે તરત જ કર્યું નહિ, તેથી જ્યારે તે અરીસાથી દૂર ગયો ત્યારે તેણે જે જોયું તે, તે ભૂલી જાય છે અને તેથી તેના વિશે તે કશું કરતો નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 103 | JAS | 1 | 24 | j068 | ὁποῖος ἦν | 1 | of what sort he was | વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેના દેખાવ વિષે તેણે જે કરવું જોઈતું હતું તે” અથવા, જો તમે વર્તમાનકાળનો ઉપયોગ કરો તો, “તેના દેખાવ વિષે તેણે જે કરવું જોઈએ તે” | |
| 104 | JAS | 1 | 25 | j069 | figs-hypo | ὁ δὲ παρακύψας εἰς νόμον τέλειον, τὸν τῆς ἐλευθερίας, καὶ παραμείνας…οὗτος μακάριος…ἔσται | 1 | But the one having gazed into the perfect law of freedom and having continued … this one will be blessed | યાકૂબ શિક્ષણ આપવા માટે આગળ પણ કાલ્પનિક/અનુમાનિત સ્થિતિનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. તેણે આપેલ [૧:૨૩](https://create.translationcore.com/01/23.md) માંના ઉદાહરણથી આ ઉદાહરણ વિરોધાભાસમાં છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પણ ધારો કે સ્વતંત્રતા અને નિષ્ઠાના સંપૂર્ણ કાયદામાં કોઈ અંદર નજર કરે તો …. પછી તે વ્યક્તિ આશીર્વાદિત થશે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 105 | JAS | 1 | 25 | kvr7 | figs-metaphor | ὁ…παρακύψας εἰς νόμον τέλειον | 1 | the one having gazed into the perfect law | આ કલમમાં, ઈશ્વરનું વચન સાંભળનાર એ અરીસામાં જોનાર સમાન છે, તેવી સરખામણી યાકૂબ જારી રાખે છે. પરંતુ હવે જે ચિત્ર છે તે અર્થાલંકાર છે, ઉપમા નહિ, કેમ કે યાકૂબ એવા વ્યક્તિ વિષે વાત કરે છે જેણે **નિયમ**માં નજર કરી **અંદર જોયું છે**. તેનો અર્થ છે એક એવો વ્યક્તિ કે જેણે ઈશ્વરના વચનને ધ્યાનપૂર્વક સાંભળ્યું છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “કોઈક કે જેણે સંપૂર્ણ નિયમને ધ્યાનથી સાંભળ્યો છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 106 | JAS | 1 | 25 | j070 | figs-possession | νόμον τέλειον, τὸν τῆς ἐλευθερίας | 1 | the perfect law of freedom | **નિયમ** કે જે **સ્વતંત્રતા** લાવે છે તેનું વર્ણન કરવા યાકૂબ માલિકી સંબંધિત સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. **સ્વતંત્રતાના નિયમ** નો અર્થ યાકૂબ શું કરે છે તેના વધુ સ્પસ્ટીકરણ માટે [૨:૧૨](https://create.translationcore.com/02/12.md) ની નોંધ તપાસો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સમ્પૂર્ણ નિયમ કે જે સ્વતંત્રતા લાવે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 107 | JAS | 1 | 25 | j071 | figs-explicit | νόμον τέλειον, τὸν τῆς ἐλευθερίας | 1 | the perfect law of freedom | જો તમારા વાચકોને એ મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તો તમે સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી શકો કે આ **નિયમ** લોકોને શું કરવાની **સ્વતંત્રતા** આપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “નિયમ કે જે લોકોને સ્વતંત્ર કરે છે, ઈશ્વરને આધીન થવા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 108 | JAS | 1 | 25 | j072 | νόμον τέλειον, τὸν τῆς ἐλευθερίας | 1 | the perfect law of freedom | જેમ [૧:૪](https://create.translationcore.com/01/04.md) અને [૧:૧૭,](https://create.translationcore.com/01/17.md) માં છે તેમ **સંપૂર્ણ** શબ્દ કાંઇક એવાનો ઉલ્લેખ કરે છે જે વૃદ્ધિ પામીને એ મુકામ સુધી પહોંચ્યું છે કે તે તેના હેતુ સાથે બંધબેસતું છે. તે કલમોમાં તમે આ શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર કેવી રીતે કર્યું તે જુઓ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “નિયમ કે જે સંપૂર્ણપણે બંધબેસતો છે, લોકોને પાપથી મુક્ત કરવા” | |
| 109 | JAS | 1 | 25 | j073 | figs-ellipsis | καὶ παραμείνας | 1 | and having continued | ઘણી ભાષાઓમાં વાક્યને પરિપૂર્ણ કરવા જરૂરી હોય તેવા કેટલાક શબ્દોને યાકૂબ છોડી દે છે.આ શબ્દોને સંદર્ભમાંથી લાવી શકાય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અને જેમણે તે નિયમને આધીન થવાનું જારી રાખ્યું છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 110 | JAS | 1 | 25 | j074 | figs-possession | ἀκροατὴς ἐπιλησμονῆς | 1 | a hearer of forgetfulness | યાકૂબ માલિકી સંબંધિત સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે **સાંભળનાર**ને વર્ણવા, જેની લાક્ષણિકતા **ભૂલી જનાર** વ્યક્તિની છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સાંભળનાર કે જે ભૂલકણો છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 111 | JAS | 1 | 25 | j076 | figs-metonymy | ποιητὴς ἔργου | 1 | a doer of the work | **કાર્ય/કરણી** કે જે ઈશ્વરની આજ્ઞાઓને અમલમાં મૂકનાર છે તે સાથેના જોડાણ દ્વારા, યાકૂબ **કાર્ય/કરણી** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે, જેનો અર્થ ઈશ્વર જે આજ્ઞા કરે છે તે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વર જે આજ્ઞાઓ કરે છે તે પ્રમાણે કરનાર કોઈક” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 112 | JAS | 1 | 25 | jku1 | figs-activepassive | οὗτος μακάριος…αὐτοῦ ἔσται | 1 | this one will be blessed | જ્યારે **આશીર્વાદિત** શબ્દ એક વિશેષણ છે તો અભિવ્યક્તિ **આશીર્વાદિત થશે** તે નિષ્ક્રિય શાબ્દિક સ્વરૂપ નથી, તમારી ભાષામાં કદાચ આનું ભાષાંતર સક્રિય શાબ્દિક સ્વરૂપમાં કરવું વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હશે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આવા વ્યક્તિને ઈશ્વર આશીર્વાદ આપશે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 113 | JAS | 1 | 26 | j078 | figs-hypo | εἴ τις δοκεῖ θρησκὸς εἶναι, μὴ χαλιναγωγῶν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀπατῶν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ, τούτου μάταιος ἡ θρησκεία | 1 | If anyone thinks to be religious, not bridling his tongue, but deceiving his heart, the religion of that one is worthless | યાકૂબ શિક્ષણ આપવા માટે કાલ્પનિક/અનુમાનિત સ્થિતિનો ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યો છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ધારો કે કોઈક એમ વિચારે છે કે તે ધાર્મિક છે, પરંતુ તે તેની જીભ પર લગામ રાખતો નથી, અને તેમ તેના હ્રદયને છેતરે છે. તો પછી તેનો ધર્મ નિરર્થક છે.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 114 | JAS | 1 | 26 | j079 | figs-metaphor | μὴ χαλιναγωγῶν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | not bridling his tongue | વ્યક્તિની **તેની જીભ પર લગામ** વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે ઘોડાને લગામ દ્વારા કાબૂ કરી રહ્યો હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરંતુ તે પોતાની જીભ પર અંકુશ રાખતો નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 115 | JAS | 1 | 26 | j080 | translate-unknown | μὴ χαλιναγωγῶν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | not bridling his tongue | **લગામ** માથા પર પહેરાવાય છે જેનો ઉપયોગ ઘોડા પર અંકુશ મેળવવાનો છે. જો તમારા વાચકો લગામથી પરિચિત ના હોય તો તમારી સંસ્કૃતિમાં પ્રાણીઓ પર અંકુશ મેળવવા માટે ઉપયોગમાં લેવાતા સાધન કે જેના વિષે તમારા વાચકો પરિચિત હોય, તેનો ઉલ્લેખ અલગ ઉદાહરણ દ્વારા કરી શકો છો. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 116 | JAS | 1 | 26 | vxu1 | figs-metonymy | μὴ χαλιναγωγῶν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | not bridling his tongue | જે રીતે બોલવા માટે **જીભ**નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે તેની સાથેના જોડાણ દ્વારા, યાકૂબ **જીભ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે એ અર્થ દર્શાવવા કે વ્યક્તિ શું કહે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તે જે કહે છે તેના પર અંકુશ રાખતો નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 117 | JAS | 1 | 26 | sex6 | figs-synecdoche | ἀπατῶν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | deceiving his heart | આ અનુમાનિત વ્યક્તિના એક ભાગ વિષે, તેના **હૃદય**, સ્વયં તે વ્યક્તિના અર્થમાં, યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરી રહ્યો છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પોતાને છેતરે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 118 | JAS | 1 | 26 | q83d | figs-hyperbole | τούτου μάταιος ἡ θρησκεία | 1 | the religion of that one is worthless | ભાર મૂકવા માટે યાકૂબ **નિરર્થક** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અતિરેક તરીકે કરે છે. ભલે વ્યક્તિએ જે કહ્યું તે કાળજીપૂર્વક નિયંત્રિત કર્યું ન હોય પણ અહીં વિચારપૂર્વક હજુ પણ તેના ધર્મમાં કેટલુંક મૂલ્ય હશે. પરંતુ યાકૂબ ભાર મૂકવા માંગે છે કે તે કેટલું અસંગત છે કે ઈશ્વરને પ્રેમ કરવાનો દાવો કરવો પરંતુ પછી એવી વાતો કહેવી જે અન્ય લોકોને નુકસાન પહોંચાડે અને અપમાનિત કરે છે. આ મુદ્દાને તે આગળ [૩:૯-૧૦](../03/09.md) માં ધપાવે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તે જેમ વિચારે છે તેમ તેના કૃત્યો ઈશ્વરને પસંદ પડતા નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 119 | JAS | 1 | 27 | j081 | figs-metaphor | θρησκεία καθαρὰ καὶ ἀμίαντος | 1 | Pure and undefiled religion | **ધર્મ** વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરી રહ્યો છે જાણે કે તે ભૈતિક રીતે **શુદ્ધ** અને **નિર્મળ** હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ધર્મ જે આનંદદાયક અને સ્વીકાર્ય છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 120 | JAS | 1 | 27 | g11k | figs-doublet | θρησκεία καθαρὰ καὶ ἀμίαντος | 1 | Pure and undefiled religion | **શુદ્ધ** અને **નિર્મળ** શબ્દો સમાન બાબતોનો અર્થ ધરાવે છે. તે બંને સૂચિત કરે છે કે કંઈક દૂષણ મુક્ત છે. ભાર મૂકવા માટે યાકૂબ આ શબ્દોનો ઉપયોગ એકસાથે કરે છે. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મહત્વપૂર્ણ હોય તો, આ શબ્દોને તમે એક શબ્દસમૂહમાં જોડી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ધર્મ જે સંપૂર્ણપણે સ્વીકાર્ય છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 121 | JAS | 1 | 27 | j082 | figs-hendiadys | τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί | 1 | God and the Father | યાકૂબ બે અલગ વ્યક્તિઓની વાત કરી રહ્યો નથી. એક ખ્યાલને અભિવ્યક્ત કરવા **અને** સાથે જોડાયેલ બે નામનો ઉપયોગ તે કરે છે. **પિતા** નામ આગળ **ઈશ્વર**ની ઓળખ આપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વર એક પિતા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 122 | JAS | 1 | 27 | j083 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Πατρί | 1 | the Father | ઈશ્વર માટે **પિતા** તે એક મહત્વનું શીર્ષક છે. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 123 | JAS | 1 | 27 | r8nj | figs-explicit | ἐπισκέπτεσθαι ὀρφανοὺς καὶ χήρας ἐν τῇ θλίψει αὐτῶν | 1 | to look upon orphans and widows in their distress | યાકૂબ ધારણા કરે છે કે તેના વાચકો સમજશે કે અનાથો અને વિધવાઓ વ્યવહારિક અને નાણાંકીય રીતે **તકલીફભરી** પરીસ્થીતીમાં છે કારણ કે તેમના પિતાઓ અને પતિઓ મરણ પામ્યા છે અને તેથી તેઓ તેમની જરૂરીયાતો પૂરી કરી શકે તેમ નથી. આ સંસ્કૃતિમાં, સ્ત્રીઓ અને બાળકો સહાયને માટે તેમના પુરુષ સબંધી પર આધારિત હતા. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે સ્પસ્ટપણે સૂચિત કરી શકો છો કે કેવા પ્રકારની **તકલીફભરી** સ્થિતિમાં યાકૂબ તેના વાચકોને મદદ કરવાનું કહે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેમની વ્યવહારિક જરૂરતોમાં ગરીબ અનાથો અને વિધવાઓને મદદ કરવી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 124 | JAS | 1 | 27 | j085 | figs-metonymy | ἄσπιλον ἑαυτὸν τηρεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | to keep oneself unstained by the world | જેઓ ઈશ્વરને માન આપતા નથી તે લોકો દ્વારા વહેંચાયેલ મૂલ્યોની વ્યવસ્થા, જે રીતે તેઓ આ જગતમાં જીવે છે તેની સાથેના જોડાણનો અર્થ દર્શાવવા યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે **જગત** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અધર્મી લોકોની મૂલ્ય પ્રણાલીથી પોતાને ડાઘ રહિત રાખવા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 125 | JAS | 1 | 27 | nmf7 | figs-metaphor | ἄσπιλον ἑαυτὸν τηρεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | to keep oneself unstained by the world | યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે અધર્મી લોકોના પ્રભાવ વિષે એ રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે વ્યક્તિને શારીરિક રીતે ડાઘ પાડી શકે છે. **ડાઘ રહિત**નો ખરેખર અર્થ તે પાપથી મુક્ત કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અધર્મી લોકો અને તેમનો પ્રભાવ વ્યક્તિને પાપ કરવા દોરે તેવું થવા દેવું નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 126 | JAS | 2 | 1 | kab4 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | My brothers | જુઓ કે ભાઈઓ શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર તમે [૧:૨](https://create.translationcore.com/01/02.md) માં કેવી રીતે કર્યું છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “મારા સાથી વિશ્વાસીઓ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 127 | JAS | 2 | 1 | en1c | figs-abstractnouns | μὴ ἐν προσωπολημψίαις ἔχετε | 1 | do not with favoritism have | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો તમે અમૂર્ત નામ **પક્ષપાત** પાછળના ખ્યાલની અભિવ્યક્ત એક સમાન શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા કરી શકો. (પક્ષપાત વિષેની ચર્ચા માટે આ અધ્યાયની નોંધ તપાસો.) વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમારે બીજાઓ કરતાં અમુક લોકો સાથે વધુ સારી રીતે વ્યવહાર દાખવવો ના જોઈએ, કારણ કે તે સુસંગત નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 128 | JAS | 2 | 1 | qs2x | figs-possession | τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ | બીજા લોકો **ઈસુ**માં જે **વિશ્વાસ** ધરાવે છે તેને ઉલ્લેખવા માટે માલિકી સંબંધિત સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આપણા પ્રભુ ઈસુમાં વિશ્વાસ હોવો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 129 | JAS | 2 | 1 | x32n | figs-possession | τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τῆς δόξης | 1 | our Lord Jesus Christ of glory | **ઈસુ** કે જે **મહિમા** દ્વારા ચરીત્રિત કરવામાં આવ્યા છે તે ઉલ્લેખ માટે યાકૂબ માલિકી સબંધિત સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આપણા મહિમાવાન પ્રભુ ઈસુ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 130 | JAS | 2 | 2 | h5uh | figs-hypo | ἐὰν γὰρ | 1 | For if | યાકૂબ શિક્ષણ આપવા માટે અનુમાનિત/કાલ્પનિક સ્થિતિનો ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યો છે. આ કલમમાં અને તેની આગળની કલમમાં તે સ્થિતિને વર્ણવે છે અને [૨:૪](../02/04.md). માં તે પરિણામનું વર્ણન કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ધારો કે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 131 | JAS | 2 | 2 | j8d5 | figs-explicit | ἀνὴρ χρυσοδακτύλιος, ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ | 1 | a gold-ringed man in splendid clothing | યાકૂબ ધારે છે કે તેના વાચકો સમજશે કે ધનવાન માણસ શું પહેરી શકે તે વિશેનું તે એક ઉદાહરણ આપે છે. (એક **સોનાની-વીંટીવાળો માણસ** અભિવ્યક્તિનો અર્થ એ નથી કે તે માણસ ચારેતરફ સોનાથી મઢેલો છે પરંતુ એ અર્થ છે કે તેણે સોનાની વીંટી પહેરેલી છે.) જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે તમારી સંસ્કૃતિમાંથી એક અલગ ઉદાહરણનો ઉપયોગ શકો છો, અથવા તમે સામન્ય અભિવ્યક્તિનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “કોઈ એક કે જે ધનવાન વ્યક્તિની જેમ પોષાક પહેરેલ છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 132 | JAS | 2 | 2 | j086 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνὴρ | 1 | man | યાકૂબ **પુરુષ/ભાઈ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ સામાન્ય અર્થમાં કરી રહ્યો છે જેનો અર્થ કાં તો પુરુષ/ભાઈ અથવા સ્ત્રી/બહેન થઇ શકે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “વ્યક્તિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 133 | JAS | 2 | 2 | j087 | translate-unknown | συναγωγὴν | 1 | synagogue | આરાધના માટે એકઠા થવાનું યહૂદી સ્થળ **સભાસ્થાન** છે. યાકૂબ આ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે કારણ કે મૂળભૂત રીતે તે યહૂદીઓને લખી રહ્યો છે જેઓએ તેમનો વિશ્વાસ ઈસુમાં તેમના ઉદ્ધારક તરીકે મૂક્યો છે. (યાકૂબના પત્રની પ્રસ્તાવનાના ભાગ ૧ ને જુઓ.) તમારા ભાષાંતરમાં તમે વધુ સામાન્ય શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “મળવાનું સભાસ્થળ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 134 | JAS | 2 | 2 | j088 | figs-nominaladj | πτωχὸς | 1 | a poor one | વિશેષણ **ગરીબ**નો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ એક નામ તરીકે કરે છે તે પ્રકારના વ્યક્તિને દર્શાવવા માટે. (આને સૂચિત કરવા યુ.એલ.ટી. **એક** નો ઉમેરો કરે છે.) તમારી ભાષામાં વિશેષણનો ઉપયોગ એ જ રીતે થતો હોય. જો તેમ ના હોય તો, આનું ભાષાંતર તમે એક સમાન શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા કરી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “એક વ્યક્તિ કે જે ગરીબ છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 135 | JAS | 2 | 3 | j089 | figs-hypo | δὲ | 1 | and | અગાઉની કલમમાં તેણે પ્રસ્તુત કરેલ અનુમાનિત સ્થિતિનું વર્ણન કરવાનું યાકૂબ જારી રાખે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર, જેમ યુ.એસ.ટી.માં છે તેમ: “અને ધારો કે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 136 | JAS | 2 | 3 | j090 | figs-you | ἐπιβλέψητε…εἴπητε…εἴπητε | 1 | you look … you say … you say | આ ત્રણેય ઘટનાઓ/ઉદાહરણોમાં **તું** બહુવચનમાં છે, કેમ કે યાકૂબ તેના બધા વાચકો આવી સ્થિતિમાં શું કરે તે વિષે વાત કરી રહ્યો છે. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 137 | JAS | 2 | 3 | j091 | figs-idiom | ἐπιβλέψητε…ἐπὶ | 1 | you look at | આ સંદર્ભમાં, આ અભિવ્યક્તિનો અર્થ છે કશાક કે કોઈકની તરફ પ્રશંસાભાવથી જોવું. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તું તેના તરફ પ્રશંસાભાવથી જુએ છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 138 | JAS | 2 | 3 | j094 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | καὶ | 1 | and | **અને** શબ્દ, ધનવાન વ્યક્તિ અને ગરીબ વ્યક્તિ સાથે કેવો વ્યવહાર કરાય છે તે વિરોધાભાસરૂપી તફાવતને પ્રસ્તુત કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરંતુ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 139 | JAS | 2 | 3 | ce14 | figs-explicit | σὺ στῆθι ἐκεῖ…κάθου ὑπὸ τὸ ὑποπόδιόν μου | 1 | You stand there … Sit under my footstool | સૂચિતાર્થ એ છે કે ગરીબ વ્યક્તિને ઉભા રહેવા અથવા ઓછી માનની જગ્યાએ કે નિમ્ન સ્થાને બેસવાનું કહેવામાં આવે છે. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, જેમ યુ.એસ.ટી.માં છે તેમ તમે તેને સ્પસ્ટ રીતે કહી શકો છો. (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 140 | JAS | 2 | 3 | h2fy | figs-you | κάθου ὑπὸ τὸ ὑποπόδιόν μου | 1 | Sit under my footstool | આ આદેશાત્મક વાક્ય પ્રથમ પુરુષ એકવચન સર્વનામ **મારું** નો ઉપયોગ કરે છે, કેમ કે એ એવું કશુંક છે જે એક વિશ્વાસી કદાચ અનુમાનિત ગરીબ વ્યક્તિને કહે. જો તમારી ભાષામાં આ પ્રાકૃતિક હોય, કેમ કે વાક્યને **તું** (બહુવચન) **કહે** દ્વારા પ્રસ્તુત કરાયું છે, તો તમે વાક્ય સ્વયંમાં તેના બહુવચન રૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અમારા પગ આગળ જમીન પર બેસ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 141 | JAS | 2 | 4 | j096 | figs-hypo | οὐ διεκρίθητε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ ἐγένεσθε κριταὶ διαλογισμῶν πονηρῶν? | 1 | have you not distinguished among yourselves and become judges of evil thoughts? | [૨:૨](https://create.translationcore.com/02/02.md) થી જે અનુમાનિત પરીસ્થિતિનું વર્ણન યાકૂબ કરી રહ્યો છે તેના પરિણામનું વર્ણન આ કલમમાં તે કરે છે.અહિ નવું વાક્ય શરુ કરવું કદાચ મદદરૂપ બની શકે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પછી તમે તમારી વચ્ચે ભેદ પાડ્યો છે અને દુષ્ટ વિચારોના ન્યાયાધીશો બન્યા છો.” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 142 | JAS | 2 | 4 | j097 | grammar-connect-logic-result | οὐ διεκρίθητε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ ἐγένεσθε κριταὶ διαλογισμῶν πονηρῶν | 1 | have you not distinguished among yourselves and become judges of evil thoughts | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, આ શબ્દસમૂહોનો ક્રમાંક તમે ઉલટાવી શકો છો, કેમ કે બીજો શબ્દસમૂહ તે પરિણામ વિષે કારણ આપે છે જે પરિણામની રજૂઆત પ્રથમ શબ્દસમૂહ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “શું તમે ખરાબ વસ્તુઓ વિચારનાર ન્યાયાધીશો બન્યા નથી, જે બીજાઓ કરતાં અમુક લોકોને ઉત્તમ ગણે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 143 | JAS | 2 | 4 | x9el | figs-rquestion | οὐ διεκρίθητε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, καὶ ἐγένεσθε κριταὶ διαλογισμῶν πονηρῶν? | 1 | have you not distinguished among yourselves and become judges of evil thoughts? | યાકૂબ જેમ આ પરિણામનું વર્ણન કરે છે, તેમ ભાર મૂકવા માટે યાકૂબ પરિણામ સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તો તમે આનું ભાષાંતર એક વિધાન વાક્ય અથવા ઉદગાર વાક્ય તરીકે કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે અમુક લોકોને બીજાઓ કરતાં વધુ ઉત્તમ ગણ્યા છે, કારણ કે તમે દુષ્ટ બાબતોનો વિચાર કરનારા ન્યાયાધીશો બન્યા છો!” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 144 | JAS | 2 | 4 | j098 | figs-possession | ἐγένεσθε κριταὶ διαλογισμῶν πονηρῶν | 1 | become judges of evil thoughts | **ન્યાયાધીશો** કે જેઓ **દુષ્ટ વિચારો** દ્વારા ચરીત્રિત કરવામાં આવ્યા છે તેમને વર્ણવવા યાકૂબ માલિકી સબંધિત સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. તે એવા લોકોની વાત કરતો નથી જેઓ ન્યાય કરે કે કાંતો વિચારો દુષ્ટ છે કે નહિ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “દુષ્ટ બાબતો વિચારનારા ન્યાયાધીશો બન્યા છો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 145 | JAS | 2 | 4 | j099 | figs-explicit | ἐγένεσθε κριταὶ διαλογισμῶν πονηρῶν | 1 | become judges of evil thoughts | નિષ્ક્રિય રીતે ચોક્કસ ભૂમિકાની ધારણા કરવા કરતાં અને અમુક ચોક્કસ રીતે વિચારવા કરતાં યાકૂબ વધારે વર્ણન કરે છે. વિચારવાની રીત આધારિત લેવાયેલ પગલાંને તે વર્ણવે છે. જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે આને સ્પસ્ટ રીતે કહી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “લોકો સાથે કેવી રીતે વર્તવું જોઈએ તે વિશે ખોટા ચુકાદા કર્યા અને પછી તેમની સાથે તે રીતે વર્ત્યા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 146 | JAS | 2 | 5 | j344 | figs-idiom | ἀκούσατε | 1 | Listen | હવે પછી તે જે કહેવાનો છે તેના પર ભાર મૂકવા આ અભિવ્યક્તિનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આ પ્રત્યે ધ્યાન આપો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 147 | JAS | 2 | 5 | m5jr | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου ἀγαπητοί | 1 | my beloved brothers | આનો અનુવાદ તમે [૧:૧૬](https://create.translationcore.com/01/16.md) માં કેવી રીતે કર્યો છે તે જુઓ. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “મારા સાથી વિશ્વાસીઓ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 148 | JAS | 2 | 5 | ke2q | figs-nominaladj | τοὺς πτωχοὺς | 1 | the poor | એક વર્ગના લોકોને ઉલ્લેખવા માટે યાકૂબ, વિશેષણ **ગરીબ**નો ઉપયોગ એક નામ તરીકે કરે છે. તમારી ભાષા કદાચ આ જ સમાન રીતે વિષેશણોનો ઉપયોગ કરે. જો તેમ ના હોય તો, તમે આ શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર એક સમાન શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા કરી શકો છો.વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “લોકો કે જેઓ ગરીબ છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 149 | JAS | 2 | 5 | j100 | figs-metonymy | τῷ κόσμῳ | 1 | in the world | ૧:૨૭ માં ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે તેનાથી અલગ અર્થમાં યાકૂબ અહિ **જગત** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. અહિ તે એ જગતનો ઉલ્લેખ કરે છે જેમાં આપણે જીવીએ છે, અને તેમ તે સાધારણ જીવનને સૂચિત કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “આ જીવનમાં” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 150 | JAS | 2 | 5 | s38z | figs-metaphor | πλουσίους ἐν πίστει | 1 | to be rich in faith | **વિશ્વાસ** શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે, જાણે કે તેણે તેમને ધનવાન બનાવ્યા છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “મજબૂત વિશ્વાસ હોવો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 151 | JAS | 2 | 5 | j101 | figs-explicit | πλουσίους ἐν πίστει | 1 | to be rich in faith | તમારી ભાષામાં તમને વિશ્વાસનો હેતુ સ્પષ્ટ કરવાની જરૂર પડી શકે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈસુમાં મજબૂત વિશ્વાસ હોવો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 152 | JAS | 2 | 5 | qii5 | figs-metaphor | κληρονόμους τῆς βασιλείας ἧς | 1 | heirs of the kingdom that | જેઓને ઈશ્વરે રાજ્યનું વચન આપ્યું છે એ લોકોની વાત યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે કરે છે, જાણે કે તેઓ એક પારિવારિક સભ્ય તરફથી સંપત્તિ પ્રાપ્ત કરવાના હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “રાજ્ય જે છે તેમાં ભાગીદારો” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 153 | JAS | 2 | 6 | vr53 | ἠτιμάσατε τὸν πτωχόν | 1 | you have dishonored the poor | આ દ્વારા યાકૂબ શું કહેવા માંગે છે તે તેણે [૨:૨-૩](https://create.translationcore.com/02/02.md) માં આપેલા ઉદાહરણ દ્વારા સ્પસ્ટ છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે ધનિક લોકો સાથે જે રીતે વર્તન કર્યું છે તેના કરતાં તમે ગરીબ લોકો સાથે વધુ ખરાબ વર્તન કર્યું છે” | |
| 154 | JAS | 2 | 6 | j103 | figs-nominaladj | τὸν πτωχόν | 1 | the poor | એક વર્ગના લોકોને ઉલ્લેખવા માટે યાકૂબ, વિશેષણ **ગરીબ**નો ઉપયોગ એક નામ તરીકે કરે છે. તમારી ભાષા કદાચ આ જ સમાન રીતે વિષેશણોનો ઉપયોગ કરે. જો તેમ ના હોય તો, તમે આ શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર એક સમાન શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા કરી શકો છો.વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “લોકો કે જેઓ ગરીબ છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 155 | JAS | 2 | 6 | j104 | writing-pronouns | οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια | 1 | Do not the rich overpower you and themselves drag you into court | જે શબ્દનો અનુવાદ અહિ **તેઓના** કરવામાં આવ્યો છે તે એ જ શબ્દ છે જેનો અનુવાદ આગામી કલમમાં **તેઓ** કરવામાં આવ્યો છે.તે અસરકારક રીતે નવી સ્વતંત્ર કલમનો વિષય છે, તેથી તમે આનો અનુવાદ બે વાક્યોમાં કરી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “શું શ્રીમંતો તમારા પર હાવી થતા નથી? શું તેઓ તમને ન્યાયસભામાં ઘસડી જતા નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 156 | JAS | 2 | 6 | l2lu | figs-rquestion | οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια? | 1 | Do not the rich overpower you and themselves drag you into court? | પ્રશ્નાર્થ સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ યાકૂબ તેના શિક્ષણના ઉપકરણ રૂપે કરે છે. જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો તમે તેના શબ્દોનું ભાષાંતર એક વાક્ય અથવા ઉદગાર તરીકે કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તે ધનવાનો છે જેઓ તમારા પર હાવી થાય છે અને તેઓ સ્વયં તમને ન્યાયસભામાં ઘસડી જાય છે!” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 157 | JAS | 2 | 6 | j105 | figs-explicit | οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια? | 1 | Do not the rich overpower you and themselves drag you into court? | યાકૂબ સૂચવે છે કે જેમને તેઓ લખી રહ્યો છે તેમના દ્વારા શ્રીમંત લોકો વધુ સારો વ્યવહાર પ્રાપ્ત કરે તેને લાયક શ્રીમંત લોકો નથી, કારણ કે શ્રીમંત લોકોએ ખરેખર તેઓની સાથે ખરાબ વ્યવહાર કર્યો હતો. જો તમારા વાચકોને મદદરૂપ હોય તો તમે આને સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જે લોકો શ્રીમંત છે તેઓની સાથે અન્ય લોકો કરતા તમે વધારે સારું વર્તન કરો, તેને તેઓ યોગ્ય નથી. તેઓ તે છે જેઓ તમારા પર હાવી થાય છે અને તમને કોર્ટમાં ઘસડી જાય છે!” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 158 | JAS | 2 | 6 | eeg5 | figs-nominaladj | οἱ πλούσιοι | 1 | the rich | લોકોના એક સમૂહનો ઉલ્લેખ કરવા માટે યાકૂબ વિશેષણ ધનવાન/શ્રીમંતનો ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યો છે. આવી જ સમાન રીતે તમારી ભાષા કદાચ વિશેષણોનો ઉપયોગ કરે. જો તેમ ના હોય તો, તમે આ શબ્દનું ભાષાંતરએક સમાન શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા કરી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “લોકો કે જેઓ શ્રીમંત છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 159 | JAS | 2 | 6 | z73x | οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν | 1 | Do not the rich overpower you | વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “શું તે ધનવાનો નથી જેઓ તમારા પર જુલમ કરે છે” | |
| 160 | JAS | 2 | 6 | s9k1 | figs-metaphor | ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια | 1 | drag you into court | યાકૂબ ધનવાનો વિષે અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તેઓ ગરીબોને ન્યાયલયમાં શારીરિક રીતે **ઘસડી જતા** હોય. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમને ન્યાયલયમાં જવા માટે દબાણ કરે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 161 | JAS | 2 | 6 | h8jn | figs-explicit | ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια | 1 | drag you into court | જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી શકો કે શા માટે ધનવાન લોકો ગરીબ લોકોને ન્યાયાલયમાં લઇ જતા હતા. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમને ન્યાયલયમાં જવા માટે દબાણ કરે કે જેથી તેઓ મુકદ્દમા દ્વારા તમારું શોષણ કરી શકે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 162 | JAS | 2 | 7 | las1 | figs-rquestion | οὐκ αὐτοὶ βλασφημοῦσιν τὸ καλὸν ὄνομα τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς? | 1 | Do they not blaspheme the good name that has been called upon you? | યાકૂબ પ્રશ્ન સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ શિક્ષણના એક ઉપકરણ તરીકે કરે છે. જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તમે તેના શબ્દોનું ભાષાંતર એક વિધાન વાક્ય અથવા એક ઉદગાર વાક્ય દ્વારા કરી શકો છો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તેઓ તે છે જે તમારા વિષે ઉચ્ચારાયેલ સારા નામની વિરુદ્ધ દુર્ભાષણ કરે છે!” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 163 | JAS | 2 | 7 | wd8y | figs-metonymy | τὸ καλὸν ὄνομα | 1 | the good name | યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે ઈસુનું **નામ,** જેમ તે **સારું** છે તેમ તેના ઉલ્લેખ દ્વારા તેને જોડે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈસુનું નામ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 164 | JAS | 2 | 7 | j108 | figs-activepassive | τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς | 1 | that has been called upon you | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, આનું લખાણ તમે સક્રિય સ્વરૂપ સાથે પણ લખી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જે દ્વારા લોકો તમને બોલાવે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 165 | JAS | 2 | 8 | q9hh | figs-metonymy | νόμον…βασιλικὸν | 1 | the royal law | અહિ બે સંભવિત કારણો છે જે માટે યાકૂબ કાયદાનું વર્ણન [લેવીય ૧૯:૧૮](https://create.translationcore.com/lev/19/18.md) માંથી લેવાયેલ અવતરણ દ્વારા કરે છે, જેને તે **શાહી** કહે છે (૧) જ્યારે ઈસુ ઈશ્વરના રાજ્યનો પ્રચાર કરતા આવ્યા, તેમણે કહ્યું કે આ નિયમ બેમાંથી એક હતો જે અન્ય તમામ કાયદાઓનો સારાંશ આપે છે અને ઈશ્વરના રાજ્યમાં જીવનને દોરી જાય છે. (બીજો કાયદો એ હતો કે પોતના પૂરા હૃદય, જીવ, મન અને સામર્થ્ય દ્વારા ઈશ્વરને પ્રેમ કરવો. ) વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “નિયમ કે જે જીવનને ઈશ્વરના રાજ્યમાં દોરી જાય છે” (2)યાકૂબ કદાચ એમ કહે કે આ **નિયમ શાહી** છે કારણ કે ઈશ્વર, એક સાચા રાજા, તેમણે લોકોને આ નિયમ આપ્યો હતો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વરનો નિયમ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 166 | JAS | 2 | 8 | ymf5 | figs-declarative | ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν | 1 | You will love your neighbor as yourself | અહીં મૂસા દ્વારા અપાયેલ નિયમ આદેશ આપવા માટે ભાવિ નિવેદનનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જેમ તમે પોતાને પ્રેમ કરો છો તેમ તમારે તમારા પડોશીને પ્રેમ કરવો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) |
| 167 | JAS | 2 | 8 | gll2 | figs-idiom | τὸν πλησίον σου | 1 | your neighbor | આ એક રૂઢીપ્રયોગ છે. તેનો અર્થ માત્ર એ નથી કે જે નજીકમાં રહે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અન્ય લોકો” અથવા “જે કોઈના સંપર્કમાં તમે આવો છો” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 168 | JAS | 2 | 8 | b9wu | καλῶς ποιεῖτε | 1 | you do well | વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે તે કરી રહ્યા છો જે ઈશ્વર ઈચ્છે છે કે તમે કરો” | |
| 169 | JAS | 2 | 9 | xt6y | figs-explicit | προσωπολημπτεῖτε | 1 | you favor | તમારી ભાષામાં તમને તરફેણના પદાર્થ/હેતુની સ્પષ્ટતા કરવાની જરૂર પડી શકે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “તમે ધનવાનની તરફેણ કરો છો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 170 | JAS | 2 | 9 | cq5h | figs-activepassive | ἐλεγχόμενοι ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ὡς παραβάται | 1 | convicted by the law as transgressors | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો, તમે આને સક્રિય સ્વરૂપમાં કહી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અને નિયમ તમને ઉલ્લંઘન કરનારા ઠરાવે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 171 | JAS | 2 | 9 | gl2e | figs-personification | ἐλεγχόμενοι ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ὡς παραβάται | 1 | convicted by the law as transgressors | નિયમ જાણે કે માનવીય ન્યાયાધીશ હોય એ રીતે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “અને ઈશ્વરનો નિયમ તોડવાના દોષી તમે છો” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 172 | JAS | 2 | 10 | j112 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | યાકૂબ અગાઉની કલમમાં કરેલા નિવેદનનું કારણ આપી રહ્યો છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “કેમ પક્ષપાત બતાવવો તે વ્યક્તિને ઈશ્વરનો નિયમ તોડવા માટે દોષિત ઠરાવે છે તેનું કારણ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 173 | JAS | 2 | 10 | jb5u | figs-metaphor | πταίσῃ δὲ ἐν ἑνί | 1 | but stumble in one thing | એક આજ્ઞાનું ઉલ્લંઘન કરનાર વ્યક્તિ વિષે યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે **ઠોકર ખાશે,** એટલે કે, ચાલતી વખતે તેનું સંતુલન ગુમાવશે અને ઠોકર ખાશે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરંતુ એક બાબતનો અનાદર કરે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 174 | JAS | 2 | 10 | m8ep | figs-nominaladj | πταίσῃ δὲ ἐν ἑνί | 1 | but stumble in one thing | નિયમસાસ્ત્રની એક આજ્ઞાનો ઉલ્લેખ કરવા માટે યાકૂબ વિશેષણ **એક** નો ઉપયોગ નામ તરીકે કરી રહ્યો છે. (યુ.એલ.ટી. શબ્દ **બાબત** નો ઉલ્લેખ આ દર્શાવવા માટે કરે છે.) તમારી ભાષામાં વિશેષણોનો ઉપયોગ આ જ સમાન રીતે કરાતો હોય. જો તેમ ના હોય તો, તમે આ શબ્દનું ભાષાંતર એક સમાન શબ્દસમૂહ દ્વારા કરી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “પરંતુ એક આજ્ઞાનું પાલન કરતો નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 175 | JAS | 2 | 10 | j113 | πάντων ἔνοχος | 1 | guilty of all | વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સમગ્ર નિયમશાસ્ત્રનું ઉલ્લંઘન કરવા માટે દોષિત” | |
| 176 | JAS | 2 | 10 | j114 | figs-explicit | πάντων ἔνοχος | 1 | guilty of all | જો તમારા વાચકોને મદદરૂપ હોય તો આ સાચું છે તેવું યાકૂબ કેમ કહે છે તે તમે સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી શકો. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “સમગ્ર નિયમશાસ્ત્રનું ઉલ્લંઘન કરવા માટે દોષિત, કારણ કે ઈશ્વરે લોકોને સમગ્ર નિયમ આપ્યો એ દર્શાવવા કે ઈશ્વર શું ઈચ્છે છે કે તેઓએ કેવી રીતે જીવવું, અને જો તમે તેના એક ભાગનું ઉલ્લંઘન કરો, તો તમે તે માર્ગ અનુસાર જીવી રહ્યા નથી” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 177 | JAS | 2 | 11 | j115 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | અગાઉની કલમમાં જે વાક્ય યાકૂબે કહ્યું તે માટે તે કારણ આપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “કેમ એક નિયમનું ઉલ્લંઘન કરવું તે વ્યક્તિને સમગ્ર નિયમશાસ્ત્રના ઉલ્લંઘનનો દોષિ ઠરાવે છે, તે એ છે કે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 178 | JAS | 2 | 11 | ez11 | figs-explicit | ὁ…εἰπών | 1 | the one who said | યાકૂબ ઈશ્વરનો ઉલ્લેખ સ્પસ્ટપણે કરે છે, જેમણે આ કલમમાં ટાંકવામાં આવેલી આજ્ઞાઓ ઉચ્ચારી હતી, જ્યારે તેમણે મુસાને નિયમશાસ્ત્ર આપ્યું હતું. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “ઈશ્વર જેઓ બોલ્યા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 179 | JAS | 2 | 12 | yp6i | figs-activepassive | μέλλοντες κρίνεσθαι | 1 | ones who are going to be judged | જો તમારી ભાષામાં તે વધુ સ્પસ્ટ હોય તો તમે આનો ઉપયોગ સક્રિય સ્વરૂપ સાથે કરી શકો, અને તમે કહી શકો કે કાર્ય કોણ કરશે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “લોકો કે જેઓનો ન્યાય ઈશ્વર કરનાર છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 180 | JAS | 2 | 12 | e87r | figs-possession | νόμου ἐλευθερίας | 1 | the law of freedom | જેમ [૧:૨૫](../01/25.md) માં છે તેમ, **નિયમ** જે **સ્વતંત્રતા** લાવે છે તેનું વર્ણન કરવા યાકૂબ માલિકી સંબંધિત સ્વરૂપનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “નિયમ કે જે સ્વતંત્રતા લાવે છે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 181 | JAS | 2 | 12 | j117 | figs-explicit | νόμου ἐλευθερίας | 1 | the law of freedom | જો તમારા વાચકો માટે તે મદદરૂપ હોય તો, તમે સ્પસ્ટપણે કહી શકો કે નિયમ લોકોને શું કરવા માટેની સ્વતંત્રતા આપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “નિયમ કે જે લોકોને સ્વતંત્ર કરે છે, ઈશ્વરને આધીન થવા” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 182 | JAS | 2 | 13 | j119 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | જેમ તેણે અગાઉની કલમમાં કહ્યું છે તેમ લોકો તેમના કૃત્યોમાં બીજાઓને પ્રેમ કરવાના સિદ્ધાંત દ્વારા કેમ દોરાવા જોઈએ તેનું કારણ યાકૂબઆપે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “બીજાઓને પ્રેમ કરવાનો સિદ્ધાંત તમારે અનુસરવો જોઈએ કારણ કે” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 183 | JAS | 2 | 13 | j120 | figs-metonymy | ἡ γὰρ κρίσις ἀνέλεος τῷ μὴ ποιήσαντι ἔλεος | 1 | judgment is merciless to those who have not done mercy | યાકૂબ અલંકારિક રીતે ઈશ્વરનું પ્રતિનિધિત્વ કરવા માટે **ન્યાય કરવો** શબ્દોનો ઉપયોગ કરી રહ્યો છે, એક કે જે ન્યાય કરે છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જ્યારે ઈશ્વર લોકોનો ન્યાય કરે છે ત્યારે, જે લોકોએ બીજાઓ પ્રત્યે દયા દર્શાવી હશે નહિ તેઓ પ્રત્યે ઈશ્વર પણ દયા દર્શાવશે નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 184 | JAS | 2 | 13 | yv6l | figs-personification | ἡ γὰρ κρίσις ἀνέλεος τῷ μὴ ποιήσαντι ἔλεος | 1 | judgment is merciless to those who have not done mercy | યાકૂબ **ન્યાય કરવા** વિષે અલંકારિક રીતે વાત કરે છે જાણે કે તે કોઈ જીવિત વસ્તુ હોય જે દયારહિત રીતે વર્તે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “જ્યારે ઈશ્વર લોકોનો ન્યાય કરે છે ત્યારે, જે લોકોએ બીજાઓ પ્રત્યે દયા દર્શાવી હશે નહિ તેઓ પ્રત્યે ઈશ્વર પણ દયા દર્શાવશે નહિ” (જુઓ: [[rc://gu/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 185 | JAS | 2 | 13 | j121 | τῷ μὴ ποιήσαντι ἔλεος | 1 | to those who have not done mercy | અનુવાદિત શબ્દ **દયા,** કરુણાનો ઉલ્લેખ પણ કરી શકે. બીજાઓને પ્રેમ કરવાની આજ્ઞાના અનુસરણના અનુસંધાનમાં જ્યારે યાકૂબ ઉલ્લેખ કરી રહ્યો છે, તો તે જ અર્થ અહિ થાય છે. વૈકલ્પિક ભાષાંતર: “બીજાઓ પ્રત્યે જેઓ કરુણામય રીતે વર્ત્યા નથી તેઓ” | |
| 186 | JAS | 2 | 13 | j123 | figs-personification | κατακαυχᾶται ἔλεος κρίσεως | 1 | Mercy boasts against judgment | James is speaking figuratively of **mercy** and **judgment** as if they were living things that could fight a contest against one another. He is also speaking figuratively of **mercy** as if it could boast after defeating **judgment** in such a contest. James is continuing to describe how God will judge people. Alternate translation: “However, God will show mercy when he judges people who have acted compassionately towards others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 187 | JAS | 2 | 14 | k4e4 | figs-rquestion | τί τὸ ὄφελος, ἀδελφοί μου, ἐὰν πίστιν λέγῃ τις, ἔχειν ἔργα, δὲ μὴ ἔχῃ? | 1 | What would be the profit, my brothers, if someone said he had faith, but he did not have works? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does no good, my brothers, for someone to say he has faith if he does not have works.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 188 | JAS | 2 | 14 | j124 | figs-idiom | τί τὸ ὄφελος | 1 | What would be the profit | This is an idiom. Your language may have a comparable expression that you can use here. Alternate translation: “What good would it do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 189 | JAS | 2 | 14 | j125 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | my brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 190 | JAS | 2 | 14 | c234 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐὰν πίστιν λέγῃ τις, ἔχειν ἔργα, δὲ μὴ ἔχῃ | 1 | if someone said he had faith but he did not have works | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “if someone said he believed in God but he did not do what God wanted him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 191 | JAS | 2 | 14 | j126 | figs-explicit | μὴ δύναται ἡ πίστις σῶσαι αὐτόν | 1 | Faith is not able to save him, is it | In context, James is clearly asking not about **faith** in general, but about faith that is not demonstrated in **works**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “That kind of faith is not able to save him, is it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 192 | JAS | 2 | 14 | j127 | figs-doublenegatives | μὴ δύναται ἡ πίστις σῶσαι αὐτόν | 1 | Faith is not able to save him, is it | The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding “is it?” Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Is that kind of faith able to save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 193 | JAS | 2 | 14 | z9q8 | figs-rquestion | μὴ δύναται ἡ πίστις σῶσαι αὐτόν? | 1 | Faith is not able to save him, is it? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “That kind of faith is certainly not able to save him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 194 | JAS | 2 | 14 | j128 | figs-abstractnouns | μὴ δύναται ἡ πίστις σῶσαι αὐτόν? | 1 | Faith is not able to save him, is it? | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract noun **faith** with a verb such as “believe.” Alternate translation: “Will merely believing in God save him?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 195 | JAS | 2 | 14 | g8kr | σῶσαι αὐτόν | 1 | save him | Your language may require you to specify what this kind of faith cannot **save** a person from. Alternate translation: “save him from God’s judgment” | |
| 196 | JAS | 2 | 15 | j129 | figs-hypo | ἐὰν | 1 | If | James is using a hypothetical situation to teach. He begins to describe the condition in this verse. He describes the rest of the condition and the result in the next verse. Alternate translation: “Suppose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 197 | JAS | 2 | 15 | f6el | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἀδελφὴ | 1 | a brother or sister | As everywhere else in the book, the term **brother** refers to a fellow believer. In every other instance, the term can mean either a man or a woman. But in this verse James uses **brother** to mean a believer who is a man and **sister** to mean a believer who is a woman. If your language has both masculine and the feminine forms of the word you have been using to translate “brother,” you can use them both here. Otherwise, you can use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “another man or woman who believes in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 198 | JAS | 2 | 15 | j130 | γυμνοὶ | 1 | unclothed | **Unclothed** can mean “naked,” and if a Bible translation already exists in your area, it may say that. But in this context, the word actually refers to lacking adequate clothes. Alternate translation: “badly clothed” | |
| 199 | JAS | 2 | 16 | j131 | figs-hypo | δέ | 1 | and | James is continuing to describe the condition of the hypothetical situation that he is using to teach. Alternate translation: “and suppose that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 200 | JAS | 2 | 16 | j132 | writing-pronouns | αὐτοῖς…αὐτοῖς | 1 | to them … them | Even though in the previous verse James spoke in the singular of “a brother or sister,” he now speaks of needy people generally in the plural, saying **them**. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could use the singular in this verse as well. Alternate translation: “to him or her … him or her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 201 | JAS | 2 | 16 | j133 | figs-metonymy | θερμαίνεσθε καὶ χορτάζεσθε | 1 | warm yourself and be satisfied | The person who would say this to people in need would be speaking figuratively of clothing by association with the way its keeps people warm and figuratively of food by association with the way it satisfies people. Alternate translation: “have adequate clothing and enough food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 202 | JAS | 2 | 16 | lj89 | θερμαίνεσθε | 1 | warm yourself | Alternate translation: “stay warm” | |
| 203 | JAS | 2 | 16 | ngj8 | figs-activepassive | χορτάζεσθε | 1 | be satisfied | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an equivalent expression that uses an active verbal form. Alternate translation: “have enough food to satisfy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 204 | JAS | 2 | 16 | j134 | figs-hypo | δὲ | 1 | but | James is continuing to describe the hypothetical situation that he is using to teach. Alternate translation: “but also suppose that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 205 | JAS | 2 | 16 | j135 | writing-pronouns | μὴ δῶτε | 1 | you do not give | At the beginning of this verse, James speaks in the third-person singular of **one of you**. But he now speaks of believers generally in the second-person plural, saying **you**, to indicate how the community as a whole might respond to this situation. If this might be confusing for your readers, you could use the third-person singular here as well. Alternate translation: “he does not give” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 206 | JAS | 2 | 16 | j136 | figs-nominaladj | τὰ ἐπιτήδεια | 1 | the necessary things | James is using the adjective **necessary** in the plural as a noun. (ULT adds **things** to show this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the things that are necessary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 207 | JAS | 2 | 16 | n5jh | figs-metonymy | τοῦ σώματος | 1 | for the body | James is speaking figuratively of meeting physical needs that also have an emotional and spiritual dimension by association with the way that these are needs of the human **body**. Alternate translation: “for people to be warm and well-fed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 208 | JAS | 2 | 16 | yi63 | figs-rquestion | τί τὸ ὄφελος? | 1 | what would be the profit? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. See how you translated the similar expression in [2:14](../02/14.md). Alternate translation: “that does no good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 209 | JAS | 2 | 16 | j137 | figs-hypo | τί τὸ ὄφελος? | 1 | what would be the profit? | This is the result of the hypothetical situation that James has been using to teach. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Then that does no good!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 210 | JAS | 2 | 17 | me1d | figs-personification | ἡ πίστις, ἐὰν μὴ ἔχῃ ἔργα, νεκρά ἐστιν καθ’ ἑαυτήν | 1 | faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead | James is speaking figuratively of **faith** as if it would be a living thing if it had works but not be alive if it did not have them. Alternate translation: “a person’s faith is not genuine by itself; he must express it through works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 211 | JAS | 2 | 17 | j138 | figs-abstractnouns | ἡ πίστις, ἐὰν μὴ ἔχῃ ἔργα, νεκρά ἐστιν καθ’ ἑαυτήν | 1 | faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “if a person says he believes in God but he does not do what God wants him to do, then he does not really believe in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 212 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j139 | figs-quotations | ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, σὺ πίστιν ἔχεις, κἀγὼ ἔργα ἔχω | 1 | But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” | See the discussion of this sentence in the General Notes to this chapter. It may be helpful to turn the direct quotation into an indirect quotation to make it clearer that the **you** who is being addressed is the same “one of you” as in [2:16](../02/16.md) and that when James says **I**, he is referring to himself. Alternate translation: “But someone may tell you that you have faith and I have works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 213 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j140 | figs-explicit | ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, σὺ πίστιν ἔχεις, κἀγὼ ἔργα ἔχω | 1 | But someone will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” | See the discussion of this sentence in the General Notes to this chapter. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate more explicitly what this statement means. (UST explains the implications even further than is suggested here.) Alternate translation: “But someone may try to reassure you that you nevertheless have faith, while I, James, have works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 214 | JAS | 2 | 18 | al63 | figs-hypo | ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις | 1 | But someone will say | James is using a hypothetical situation to teach. This expression introduces the condition of the hypothetical situation. (As Part 1 of the General Introduction to James explains, in the style of speakers of this time, James is anticipating an objection that someone might make and saying how he would respond to it.) Alternate translation: “But suppose someone said to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 215 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j141 | figs-yousingular | σὺ πίστιν ἔχεις | 1 | you have faith | Here, **you** is singular because James is illustrating how someone might address one individual. James himself then addresses that same individual in the rest of this verse and in verses [19-22](../02/19.md). So if your language marks the distinction, use the singular form of “you” in your translation from here through verse 22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) |
| 216 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j142 | figs-quotations | δεῖξόν μοι τὴν πίστιν σου χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων, κἀγώ σοι δείξω ἐκ τῶν ἔργων μου τὴν πίστιν | 1 | Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith from works | It may be helpful to make this sentence a direct quotation after an introduction to show that it is what James would say in response to the hypothetical objection. Alternate translation: “Then I would say to you, ‘Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith from works’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) |
| 217 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j143 | figs-hypo | δεῖξόν μοι τὴν πίστιν σου χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων, κἀγώ σοι δείξω ἐκ τῶν ἔργων μου τὴν πίστιν | 1 | Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith from works | This is the result of the hypothetical situation that James has been describing. Alternate translation: “Then I would say to you, ‘Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith from works’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 218 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j144 | figs-imperative | δεῖξόν μοι τὴν πίστιν σου χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων | 1 | Show me your faith without works | James is using the imperative **show me** to challenge the hypothetical “you” and make him realize that he really cannot do what James is telling him to do. Alternate translation: “You cannot show me your faith without works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) |
| 219 | JAS | 2 | 18 | ii8d | figs-abstractnouns | δεῖξόν μοι τὴν πίστιν σου χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων | 1 | Show me your faith without works | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “You cannot show me that you truly believe in God if you are not doing what God wants you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 220 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j145 | figs-declarative | κἀγώ σοι δείξω ἐκ τῶν ἔργων μου τὴν πίστιν | 1 | and I will show you my faith from works | James is using a future statement to indicate something he is capable of doing. Alternate translation: “but I can show you my faith from works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]]) |
| 221 | JAS | 2 | 18 | j146 | figs-abstractnouns | κἀγώ σοι δείξω ἐκ τῶν ἔργων μου τὴν πίστιν | 1 | and I will show you my faith from works | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “but by doing what God wants me to do, I can show you that I truly believe in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 222 | JAS | 2 | 19 | j147 | σὺ πιστεύεις ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ Θεός | 1 | You believe that God is one | The verb translated **believe** comes from the same root as the word translated “faith.” It may be helpful to show that in your translation to make it clearer that James is continuing to speak to the same person as in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “You have faith that God is one” | |
| 223 | JAS | 2 | 19 | j148 | σὺ πιστεύεις ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ Θεός | 1 | You believe that God is one | As Part 1 of the General Introduction to James explains, the people to whom James was writing were believers in Jesus who had a Jewish background. As a result, they would have known that he was referring here to the essential Jewish affirmation, “Listen, Israel, Yahweh our God is one.” Moses says this in [Deuteronomy 6:4](../deu/06/04.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You believe the essential teaching of Moses that there is one God” | |
| 224 | JAS | 2 | 19 | j149 | figs-irony | καλῶς ποιεῖς; καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν | 1 | You do well. The demons also believe, and they tremble | When James says **you do well**, he is saying the opposite of what he really means. He grants that believing in one God is a good thing in itself, but he is actually saying that by itself, it is the kind of faith without works that cannot save a person. He proves this by observing that the demons, who are not saved, also believe that there is one God, and this makes them tremble. Alternate translation: “You may think that is a good thing to do. But the demons also believe in one God, and they tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) |
| 225 | JAS | 2 | 19 | fv39 | figs-explicit | καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν | 1 | The demons also believe, and they tremble | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why the demons **tremble** at the thought of God. Alternate translation: “The demons also believe in one God, and they tremble, knowing that God is going to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 226 | JAS | 2 | 20 | ax95 | figs-rquestion | θέλεις δὲ γνῶναι, ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ, ὅτι ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων ἀργή ἐστιν? | 1 | But do you wish to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is idle? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “But I can show you, O foolish man, that faith without works is idle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 227 | JAS | 2 | 20 | j150 | figs-idiom | θέλεις…γνῶναι | 1 | do you wish to know | This is an idiom. It means “I can show you” by suggesting implicitly, “If you really want to know, I can show you.” Alternate translation as a statement: “I can show you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 228 | JAS | 2 | 20 | j151 | ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ | 1 | O foolish man | James is addressing this hypothetical **man** in the vocative after an exclamation. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you foolish man” | |
| 229 | JAS | 2 | 20 | j152 | figs-gendernotations | ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ | 1 | O foolish man | James is using the term **man** in a generic sense that could mean any person, male or female. Alternate translation: “you foolish person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 230 | JAS | 2 | 20 | j153 | figs-personification | ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων ἀργή ἐστιν | 1 | faith without works is idle | James is speaking figuratively of **faith** as if it were a living thing that would be lazily doing nothing if it did not have works. Alternate translation: “a person’s faith is useless if he does not express it through works” or “a person’s faith is unproductive if he does not express it through works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 231 | JAS | 2 | 20 | sd63 | figs-abstractnouns | ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων ἀργή ἐστιν | 1 | faith without works is idle | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “it is useless for a person to say that he believes in God if he does not do what God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 232 | JAS | 2 | 20 | j154 | translate-textvariants | ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων ἀργή ἐστιν | 1 | faith without works is idle | See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to use this reading in your translation or a different reading, “faith without works is dead.” The note below discusses a translation issue in that reading, for those who decide to use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) |
| 233 | JAS | 2 | 20 | j155 | figs-personification | ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων ἀργή ἐστιν | 1 | faith without works is idle | If the reading “faith without works is dead” is accurate, then James is speaking figuratively of **faith** as if it would be alive if it had works but it would not be alive if it did not have them. Alternate translation: “a person’s faith is not genuine if he does not express it through works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 234 | JAS | 2 | 21 | q8iv | figs-rquestion | Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἀνενέγκας Ἰσαὰκ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον? | 1 | Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abraham our father was justified by works when he offered up Isaac his son on the altar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 235 | JAS | 2 | 21 | j156 | figs-explicit | Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ἀνενέγκας Ἰσαὰκ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον? | 1 | Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? | James assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to a story recorded in the book of Genesis. In that story, God tells Abraham to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice, but God does not really want Abraham to do that. Rather, God wants Abraham to demonstrate his faith and obedience by showing that he is willing to do it. God ultimately stops Abraham from sacrificing his son Isaac. You could indicate this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not know the story and if they would think that Abraham actually did offer his son as a sacrifice. Alternate translation, as a statement: “Abraham our father was justified by works when he demonstrated that he was willing to obey God even if that meant offering his son Isaac as a sacrifice, although God did not actually want him to do that and God stopped him from doing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 236 | JAS | 2 | 21 | v3ft | figs-explicit | Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη | 1 | Was not Abraham our father justified by works | See the discussion in Part 2 of the General Introduction to James about how a person is justified before God. James is not saying that Abraham did something that made God consider him righteous. Rather, as James will explain in more detail in the next two verses, God had previously declared Abraham to be righteous because Abraham believed in him. What Abraham did subsequently, when he proved that he was willing to obey God, demonstrated that his faith was genuine. You could indicate this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they might misunderstand and think that Abraham did something that made God consider him righteous. Alternate translation, as a statement: “God declared Abraham our father to be righteous because what he did demonstrated that he genuinely believed in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 237 | JAS | 2 | 21 | j157 | figs-activepassive | Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ…ἐδικαιώθη | 1 | Was not Abraham our father justified | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation, as a statement: “God justified Abraham our father” or “God declared Abraham our father to be righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 238 | JAS | 2 | 21 | j158 | translate-names | Ἀβραὰμ…Ἰσαὰκ | 1 | Abraham … Isaac | These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 239 | JAS | 2 | 21 | ph1s | figs-metaphor | ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν | 1 | our father | James is using the term **father** figuratively to mean “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham our ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 240 | JAS | 2 | 21 | j159 | figs-exclusive | ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν | 1 | our father | James is Jewish, descended from Abraham, and the people to whom he is writing also come from a Jewish background, so the word **our** would be inclusive, if your language marks that distinction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 241 | JAS | 2 | 22 | l1gj | figs-metaphor | βλέπεις | 1 | You see | Here, to **see** figuratively represents to understand. Alternate translation: “So you should understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 242 | JAS | 2 | 22 | vde4 | figs-personification | ἡ πίστις συνήργει τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἡ πίστις ἐτελειώθη | 1 | faith was working with his works and faith was perfected from works | James is speaking figuratively of **faith** and **works** as if they were living things that could work together and help each other. Alternate translation: “Abraham was strengthened to do these works by his faith, and doing these works made his faith even stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 243 | JAS | 2 | 22 | j160 | figs-abstractnouns | ἡ πίστις συνήργει τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἡ πίστις ἐτελειώθη | 1 | faith was working with his works and faith was perfected from works | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “Abraham did these things because he believed in God, and because he did these things, he believed in God even more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 244 | JAS | 2 | 22 | j161 | figs-activepassive | ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἡ πίστις ἐτελειώθη | 1 | faith was perfected from works | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “his works perfected his faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 245 | JAS | 2 | 22 | j162 | ἐκ τῶν ἔργων ἡ πίστις ἐτελειώθη | 1 | faith was perfected from works | The verb **perfected** comes from the same root as the adjective “perfect” that James uses several times earlier in this letter. The verb refers similarly to something developing to the point where it is fully suited to its purpose. Alternate translation: “what he did helped his faith become fully mature” | |
| 246 | JAS | 2 | 23 | qh4i | figs-activepassive | ἐπληρώθη ἡ Γραφὴ | 1 | the scripture was fulfilled | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “this fulfilled the scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 247 | JAS | 2 | 23 | l818 | figs-explicit | ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην | 1 | And Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness | This is a quotation from [Genesis 15:6](../gen/15/06.md). James assumes that his readers will know that it refers to how Abraham responded to God’s promise that even though he and his wife were old and had no children, he would have as many descendants as the stars in the sky. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could give an explicit indication of this. Alternate translation: “Abraham believed God’s promise that he would have many descendants, and so God considered Abraham to be in a right relationship with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 248 | JAS | 2 | 23 | j163 | figs-explicit | φίλος Θεοῦ ἐκλήθη | 1 | he was called a friend of God | James assumes that his readers will know that in [Isaiah 41:8](../isa/41/08.md), God refers to the Israelites as “the offspring of Abraham my friend” and that in [2 Chronicles 20:7](../2ch/20/07.md), in a prayer to God, King Jehoshaphat refers to the Israelites as “the descendants of Abraham your friend.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could give an explicit indication of this. Alternate translation: “he was called a friend of God in later scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 249 | JAS | 2 | 23 | j164 | figs-activepassive | φίλος Θεοῦ ἐκλήθη | 1 | he was called a friend of God | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God, speaking through Isaiah, later called him his friend, and in prayer King Jehoshaphat also described him as God’s friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 250 | JAS | 2 | 24 | j165 | figs-metaphor | ὁρᾶτε | 1 | You see | Here, to **see** figuratively represents to understand. Alternate translation: “So you should understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 251 | JAS | 2 | 24 | j166 | figs-you | ὁρᾶτε | 1 | you see | James returns here to the plural usage that he follows in most of the letter. So in your translation, use the plural form of “you” if your language marks that distinction. Other languages may have other ways of indicating the shift back to plural here. Alternate translation: “So all of you should understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 252 | JAS | 2 | 24 | j167 | figs-gendernotations | ἄνθρωπος | 1 | a man | James is using the term **man** in a generic sense that could mean any person, male or female. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 253 | JAS | 2 | 24 | yha5 | figs-activepassive | δικαιοῦται | 1 | is justified | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “becomes right with God” or “comes to have a right relationship with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 254 | JAS | 2 | 24 | j168 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐξ ἔργων…καὶ οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως μόνον | 1 | from works and not from faith alone | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “by what he does and not just by what he believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 255 | JAS | 2 | 24 | j169 | figs-explicit | ἐξ ἔργων…καὶ οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως μόνον | 1 | from works and not from faith alone | See the discussion in Part 2 of the General Introduction to James about how a person is justified before God. James is not saying that we need to add works to our faith in order to be justified. Rather, James is speaking of works that are an expression and proof of the saving faith that a person already has. You could indicate this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they might misunderstand and think that James is saying that we have to add works to our faith in order for God to consider us righteous. Alternate translation: “by what he does as an expression of what he believes, and not just by what he believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 256 | JAS | 2 | 25 | dcv5 | figs-rquestion | ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη, ὑποδεξαμένη τοὺς ἀγγέλους, καὶ ἑτέρᾳ ὁδῷ ἐκβαλοῦσα? | 1 | And similarly was not Rahab the prostitute also justified from works, having welcomed the messengers and having sent them away by another road? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “Rahab the prostitute was also justified similarly from works when she welcomed the messengers and sent them away by another road.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 257 | JAS | 2 | 25 | j170 | figs-activepassive | ὁμοίως…καὶ Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη οὐκ…ἐδικαιώθη | 1 | similarly was not Rahab the prostitute also justified | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “did not God similarly justify Rahab the prostitute” or “did not God similarly declare Rahab the prostitute to be righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 258 | JAS | 2 | 25 | hir8 | figs-explicit | ὁμοίως | 1 | similarly | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what **similarly** means in this context. Alternate translation: “in the same way as Abraham,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 259 | JAS | 2 | 25 | j171 | translate-names | Ῥαὰβ | 1 | Rahab | **Rahab** is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 260 | JAS | 2 | 25 | bx6i | figs-abstractnouns | ἐξ ἔργων | 1 | from works | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **works** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “by what she did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 261 | JAS | 2 | 25 | pn2f | figs-explicit | ὑποδεξαμένη τοὺς ἀγγέλους, καὶ ἑτέρᾳ ὁδῷ ἐκβαλοῦσα | 1 | having welcomed the messengers and having sent them away by another road | James assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to the episode recorded in the book of Joshua in which Joshua sent two spies to explore the land of Canaan. Rahab provided safety and shelter for these spies in her home, and she then sent them away safely by a route that their pursuers would not have expected them to take. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could give an explicit indication of this. Alternate translation: “when she provided shelter and safety in her home for the spies whom Joshua sent to explore the land of Canaan and when she sent these spies safely away by a route that their pursuers would not have expected them to take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 262 | JAS | 2 | 25 | xm5m | writing-pronouns | ἐκβαλοῦσα | 1 | having sent them away | Since there were two **messengers**, the pronoun **them** would be in the dual, if your language uses that form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 263 | JAS | 2 | 26 | j172 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | James is using this word to introduce a general principle that can be deduced from the argument he has been making since [2:14](../02/14.md) that **faith** needs to be expressed in **works**. He does not say **For**, which often means “because,” to indicate that God justified Abraham and Rahab for this reason. Rather, he is using the word **For** in order to bring his argument to its conclusion. Alternate translation: “These specific cases confirm the general principle that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 264 | JAS | 2 | 26 | j173 | τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν | 1 | the body without the spirit is dead | The word translated **spirit** can also mean “breath.” Alternate translation: “a body that does not have the breath of life in it is dead” | |
| 265 | JAS | 2 | 26 | uum8 | figs-personification | ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν | 1 | faith without works is dead | James is speaking figuratively of **faith** as if it would be a living thing if it had works but not be alive if it did not have them. Alternate translation: “a person’s faith is not genuine if he does not express it through works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 266 | JAS | 2 | 26 | j174 | figs-abstractnouns | ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν | 1 | faith without works is dead | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith** and **works** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “if a person says he believes in God but he does not do what God wants him to do, then he does not really believe in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 267 | JAS | 3 | intro | py3p | 0 | # James 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. The need for self-control in speech (3:1-12)<br>2. Worldy wisdom and heavenly wisdom contrasted (3:13-18)<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>In this chapter, James uses many illustrations from everyday life to teach his readers how to live in a way that pleases God. He speaks about horses in [3:3](../03/03.md), ships in [3:4](../03/04.md), forest fires in [3:5](../03/05.md), animal taming in [3:7](../03/07.md), springs of water in [3:11](../03/11.md), and fruit trees in [3:12](../03/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |||
| 268 | JAS | 3 | 1 | p4uu | μὴ πολλοὶ διδάσκαλοι γίνεσθε | 1 | Do not become many teachers | Alternate translation: “Not many of you should become teachers” | |
| 269 | JAS | 3 | 1 | c36b | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | my brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 270 | JAS | 3 | 1 | j175 | εἰδότες ὅτι | 1 | knowing that | Alternate translation: “since you know that” | |
| 271 | JAS | 3 | 1 | v7fa | figs-exclusive | μεῖζον κρίμα λημψόμεθα | 1 | we will receive greater judgment | James is speaking of himself and other teachers but not of his readers, so the pronoun **we** is exclusive here. Alternate translation: “we who teach will receive greater judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 272 | JAS | 3 | 1 | aw5f | figs-explicit | μεῖζον κρίμα λημψόμεθα | 1 | we will receive greater judgment | By **greater judgment**, James means that God will judge people who teach his word more strictly than he will judge other people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate explicitly why that is true. Alternate translation: “God will judge us who teach his word more strictly than he will judge other people, because our teaching greatly influences what other people believe and how they live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 273 | JAS | 3 | 2 | j176 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | James is using **For** to introduce the reason why most of his readers should not become teachers, not the reason why God will judge teachers more strictly. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain this reason more fully as a separate sentence, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 274 | JAS | 3 | 2 | j177 | πολλὰ…πταίομεν ἅπαντες | 1 | we all stumble much | James is using the adjective **much** as an adverb. Alternate translation: “we all stumble in many ways” | |
| 275 | JAS | 3 | 2 | ab9h | figs-exclusive | πολλὰ…πταίομεν ἅπαντες | 1 | we all stumble much | James is now speaking of himself and other teachers and also of his readers and people in general, so the pronoun **we** is inclusive here. Alternate translation: “everyone stumbles in many ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 276 | JAS | 3 | 2 | p9ek | figs-metaphor | πολλὰ…πταίομεν ἅπαντες…ἐν λόγῳ οὐ πταίει | 1 | we all stumble much … does not stumble in word | As in [2:10](../02/10.md), James is speaking figuratively of people sinning as if they would **stumble**, that is, trip and lose their balance while walking. Alternate translation: “we all sin in many ways … does not sin in word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 277 | JAS | 3 | 2 | t6xt | figs-metonymy | εἴ τις ἐν λόγῳ οὐ πταίει | 1 | If anyone does not stumble in word | James is using the term **word** figuratively to mean what people say by using words. Alternate translation: “If anyone does not sin in what he says” or “If anyone does not say things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 278 | JAS | 3 | 2 | kn4v | οὗτος τέλειος ἀνήρ | 1 | he is a perfect man | As in [1:4](../01/04.md) and several other places earlier in this letter, the term **perfect** refers to something that has developed to the point where it is fully suited to its purpose. Alternate translation: “he is a spiritually mature person” | |
| 279 | JAS | 3 | 2 | j178 | figs-metaphor | δυνατὸς χαλιναγωγῆσαι καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα | 1 | able to bridle even the whole body | As in [1:26](../01/26.md), James speaks figuratively of a person being able to **bridle** himself as if that person were controlling a horse with a bridle. Alternate translation: “able to control his whole body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 280 | JAS | 3 | 2 | b16h | figs-synecdoche | δυνατὸς χαλιναγωγῆσαι καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα | 1 | able to bridle even the whole body | James speaks figuratively of a person’s **body** to mean all of that person, including his actions and behavior. Alternate translation: “able to control everything he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 281 | JAS | 3 | 3 | s1nf | grammar-connect-time-background | δὲ | 1 | Now | James uses **Now** to introduce background information in the form of an illustration that will help his readers understand what he wants to teach them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could translate the word with a phrase that shows that James is going to offer an illustration, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
| 282 | JAS | 3 | 3 | zql3 | translate-unknown | τῶν ἵππων τοὺς χαλινοὺς εἰς τὰ στόματα βάλλομεν | 1 | we put bits into the mouths of horses | **Horses** are large animals that are used in many cultures to transport people and goods. **Bits** are small pieces of metal that are placed into horses’ mouths to control where they go. If your readers would not be familiar with **horses** and **bits**, in your translation you could use the name of another animal and a different device, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “we put pegs into the noses of camels” or “we use small devices on the bodies of large animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 283 | JAS | 3 | 3 | j179 | εἰς τὸ πείθεσθαι αὐτοὺς ἡμῖν | 1 | for them to obey us | Alternate translation: “so that they will obey us” | |
| 284 | JAS | 3 | 3 | j180 | figs-metonymy | καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα αὐτῶν μετάγομεν | 1 | we also turn their whole body | James means that by using a bit, people can **turn** the body of a horse in whatever direction they want. James is figuratively using the action of turning a horse to mean guiding or controlling it in general. Alternate translation: “this enables us to guide their whole body” or “this enables us to control their whole body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 285 | JAS | 3 | 3 | j181 | ὅλον τὸ σῶμα αὐτῶν | 1 | their whole body | Since James speaks of **horses** in the plural, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of **body**. Alternate translation: “their whole bodies” | |
| 286 | JAS | 3 | 4 | j182 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, καὶ τὰ πλοῖα | 1 | Behold also the ships | The term **behold** focuses the attention of a listener or reader on what a speaker or writer is about to say. Though it literally means “look” or “see,” the term can be used figuratively to mean giving notice and attention, and that is how James is using it here. Alternate translation: “Also consider the case of ships” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 287 | JAS | 3 | 4 | yn42 | translate-unknown | πλοῖα…πηδαλίου | 1 | ships … rudder | **Ships** are large vessels that are used to transport people or goods by water. A **rudder** is a flat device attached to the back of a ship that is used to steer it. If your readers would not be familiar with what **ships** are and what a **rudder** is, in your translation you could use the name of another transportation vehicle and a different device, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “trucks … steering wheel” or “large vehicles … steering device” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 288 | JAS | 3 | 4 | j183 | τηλικαῦτα ὄντα, καὶ ὑπὸ ἀνέμων σκληρῶν ἐλαυνόμενα | 1 | being so large and driven by strong winds | It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Even though they are so large and driven by strong winds” | |
| 289 | JAS | 3 | 4 | k7f5 | figs-activepassive | τηλικαῦτα ὄντα, καὶ ὑπὸ ἀνέμων σκληρῶν ἐλαυνόμενα | 1 | being so large and driven by strong winds | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Even though they are so large and strong winds drive them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 290 | JAS | 3 | 4 | jrk1 | figs-metonymy | μετάγεται ὑπὸ ἐλαχίστου πηδαλίου | 1 | it is turned by the smallest rudder | James is figuratively using the action of turning a ship to mean guiding or controlling the ship in general. (For example, a person might turn a ship in order to keep it upright, not just to direct it to a certain place.) Alternate translation: “it is controlled by the smallest rudder” or “it is guided by the smallest rudder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 291 | JAS | 3 | 4 | j184 | figs-activepassive | μετάγεται ὑπὸ ἐλαχίστου πηδαλίου | 1 | it is turned by the smallest rudder | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the smallest rudder turns it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 292 | JAS | 3 | 4 | j185 | μετάγεται ὑπὸ ἐλαχίστου πηδαλίου | 1 | it is turned by the smallest rudder | Since James speaks of **ships** in the plural, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural in this clause as well. Alternate translation: “they are turned by the smallest rudders” or “the smallest rudders turn them” | |
| 293 | JAS | 3 | 4 | j186 | ἐλαχίστου πηδαλίου | 1 | the smallest rudder | James says **smallest**, using the superlative form of the adjective “small,” to express a meaning of the adjective in its positive form. Your language may use superlative forms in the same way. If not, you can translate this using the positive form. Alternate translation: “a very small rudder” | |
| 294 | JAS | 3 | 4 | j187 | figs-personification | ὅπου ἡ ὁρμὴ τοῦ εὐθύνοντος βούλεται | 1 | where the inclination of the one steering desires | James speaks of the **inclination** of the person steering a boat as if it were a living thing that desired to go in one direction or another. Alternate translation: “in whatever direction the one steering the boat wants it to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 295 | JAS | 3 | 4 | j188 | figs-nominaladj | τοῦ εὐθύνοντος | 1 | of the one steering | James is using the participle **steering**, which functions as an adjective, as a noun to indicate a particular crew member of a ship. Your language may have a particular term for this crew member. Alternate translation: “of the helmsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 296 | JAS | 3 | 5 | wt6i | figs-simile | οὕτως καὶ | 1 | Thus also | James uses the words **thus also** to introduce a simile or comparison between the human tongue and the small items he discussed in the previous two verses, a horse’s bit and a ship’s rudder. Alternate translation: “In the same way” or “Likewise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 297 | JAS | 3 | 5 | j189 | μικρὸν μέλος | 1 | a small member | Alternate translation: “a part of the body” | |
| 298 | JAS | 3 | 5 | j190 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | καὶ | 2 | but | Here, **but** introduces a contrast between the small size of the tongue and the great things that people use their tongues in speech to boast about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 299 | JAS | 3 | 5 | j191 | figs-personification | μεγάλα αὐχεῖ | 1 | it boasts great things | James is saying figuratively that the **tongue** is a living thing that **boasts**. Alternate translation: “with it people boast great things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 300 | JAS | 3 | 5 | qx1k | figs-nominaladj | μεγάλα αὐχεῖ | 1 | it boasts great things | James is using the adjective **great** in the plural as a noun. (ULT adds **things** to show this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “with it people boast that they have done great things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 301 | JAS | 3 | 5 | ub5h | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Behold | The term **Behold** focuses the attention of a listener or reader on what a speaker or writer is about to say. Alternate translation: “Consider” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 302 | JAS | 3 | 5 | j192 | figs-explicit | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Behold | The implication is that James is offering his readers a further analogy. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Consider as a further example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 303 | JAS | 3 | 5 | fr8x | translate-unknown | ἡλίκον πῦρ, ἡλίκην ὕλην ἀνάπτει | 1 | how small a fire kindles so large a forest | A **forest** is a place where there are many trees. If your readers would not be familiar with what a **forest** is, you could use a different illustration that would be familiar to them of an area that could be destroyed by fire, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “how a small fire can quickly spread and burn much grassland” or “how a small fire can quickly spread and burn everything in a large area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 304 | JAS | 3 | 6 | wm5q | figs-metonymy | καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ | 1 | The tongue is also a fire | James is using the **tongue** figuratively to represent what people say, by association with the way the tongue is used for speech. Alternate translation: “What we say is also a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 305 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j193 | figs-metaphor | καὶ ἡ γλῶσσα πῦρ | 1 | The tongue is also a fire | James is using **fire** as an analogy for the destructive effects of what people say. Alternate translation: “What we say can also be very destructive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 306 | JAS | 3 | 6 | i61e | figs-idiom | ὁ κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας | 1 | a world of unrighteousness | This is an idiom. The sense is that all the **unrighteousness** in the **world** could be expressed in what someone said. Alternate translation: “a vast source of unrighteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 307 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j194 | figs-abstractnouns | τῆς ἀδικίας | 1 | of unrighteousness | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **unrighteousness** with an equivalent expression. In this context, the term refers to wrong things that people say. Alternate translation: “of sinful sayings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 308 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j195 | figs-activepassive | καθίσταται ἐν | 1 | is placed among | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active verbal form. Alternate translation: “is in the middle of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 309 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j196 | τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν | 1 | our members | Alternate translation: “the other parts of our body” | |
| 310 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j197 | figs-nominaladj | ἡ σπιλοῦσα | 1 | the thing staining | James is using the participle **staining**, which functions as an adjective, with the definite article as a noun. (ULT indicates this by adding **thing**.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Some languages may be able to use the participle by itself. Alternate translation: “staining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 311 | JAS | 3 | 6 | sv44 | figs-metaphor | σπιλοῦσα ὅλον τὸ σῶμα | 1 | staining the whole body | James speaks figuratively of the effects of speech as if a person’s tongue were **staining** his **body**. Alternate translation: “making the whole body impure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 312 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j198 | figs-metaphor | σπιλοῦσα ὅλον τὸ σῶμα | 1 | staining the whole body | James is figuratively using the **body** to represent the entire person, since he is saying in this verse that bad speech has morally corrupting effects. Alternate translation: “making the whole person morally corrupt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 313 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j199 | figs-idiom | φλογίζουσα τὸν τροχὸν τῆς γενέσεως | 1 | setting the course of existence on fire | The **course of existence** is an idiom that could mean: (1) This refers to a person’s entire life, from birth to death. Alternate translation: “setting a person’s entire life on fire” (2) This refers to succeeding generations. Alternate translation: “setting on fire one generation of people after another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 314 | JAS | 3 | 6 | lf1j | figs-metaphor | φλογίζουσα τὸν τροχὸν τῆς γενέσεως | 1 | setting the course of existence on fire | James is speaking figuratively of the destructive effects of bad speech as if they were **setting** a person’s life **on fire**. Alternate translation: “causing destruction throughout a person’s entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 315 | JAS | 3 | 6 | a7qd | figs-activepassive | φλογιζομένη ὑπὸ τῆς Γεέννης | 1 | it is set on fire by Gehenna | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active verbal form. Alternate translation: “Gehenna sets it on fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 316 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j200 | figs-metaphor | φλογιζομένη ὑπὸ τῆς Γεέννης | 1 | it is set on fire by Gehenna | James continues to speak figuratively of the destructive effects of bad speech as if they were **fire**. Alternate translation: “its destructive effects come from Gehenna” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 317 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j201 | translate-names | τῆς Γεέννης | 1 | Gehenna | **Gehenna** is the Greek name for a place, the Valley of Hinnom just outside Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 318 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j202 | figs-metaphor | τῆς Γεέννης | 1 | Gehenna | James is figuratively using the name of this place, where refuse was thrown and fires burned continually, to mean hell. Alternate translation: “hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 319 | JAS | 3 | 6 | j203 | figs-metaphor | τῆς Γεέννης | 1 | Gehenna | Since hell, as a location, would not be able to influence people’s speech and conduct, James is likely using the name **Gehenna** figuratively to mean the devil by association. Alternate translation: “the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 320 | JAS | 3 | 7 | j204 | grammar-connect-time-background | γὰρ | 1 | For | James uses **For** to introduce background information in the form of an illustration that will help his readers understand what he wants to teach them. Alternate translation: “Now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) |
| 321 | JAS | 3 | 7 | j205 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶσα…φύσις θηρίων τε καὶ πετεινῶν, ἑρπετῶν τε καὶ ἐναλίων, δαμάζεται καὶ δεδάμασται | 1 | every kind, both of beasts and birds, both of reptiles and marine animals, is being tamed and has been tamed | Here, **every** is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “many different kinds of beasts, birds, reptiles, and marine animals are being tamed and have been tamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 322 | JAS | 3 | 7 | j206 | πᾶσα γὰρ φύσις θηρίων τε καὶ πετεινῶν, ἑρπετῶν τε καὶ ἐναλίων | 1 | every kind, both of beasts and birds, both of reptiles and marine animals | If you retain the generalization in your translation, it might be more natural in your language to use the singular for the creatures on this list. Alternate translation: “every kind of beast, bird, reptile, and marine animal” | |
| 323 | JAS | 3 | 7 | j207 | figs-merism | πᾶσα γὰρ φύσις θηρίων τε καὶ πετεινῶν, ἑρπετῶν τε καὶ ἐναλίων | 1 | every kind, both of beasts and birds, both of reptiles and marine animals | James is figuratively using various categories of creatures to mean every creature. Alternate translation: “every kind of creature that exists” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 324 | JAS | 3 | 7 | zw5m | figs-nominaladj | ἐναλίων | 1 | marine animals | James is using the adjective **marine** in the plural as a noun. (ULT adds **animals** to show this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate the term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “sea creatures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 325 | JAS | 3 | 7 | ug59 | figs-activepassive | δαμάζεται καὶ δεδάμασται τῇ φύσει τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ | 1 | is being tamed and has been tamed by the human kind | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation (place the phrase right after “For”): “the human kind is taming and has tamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 326 | JAS | 3 | 7 | j208 | figs-doublet | δαμάζεται καὶ δεδάμασται τῇ φύσει τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ | 1 | is being tamed and has been tamed by the human kind | James says both **is being tamed** and **has been tamed** for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these two phrases. Alternate translation (place the phrase right after “For”): “the human kind is in the process of taming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 327 | JAS | 3 | 7 | j209 | τῇ φύσει τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ | 1 | by the human kind | Alternate translation: “by people” | |
| 328 | JAS | 3 | 8 | j210 | figs-gendernotations | οὐδεὶς…ἀνθρώπων | 1 | none of men | James is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “no human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 329 | JAS | 3 | 8 | q9xe | figs-metaphor | δαμάσαι | 1 | to tame | By analogy with the animals he discussed in the previous verse, James is using the word **tame** to mean “control.” Alternate translation: “to control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 330 | JAS | 3 | 8 | j211 | figs-metonymy | τὴν…γλῶσσαν | 1 | the tongue | James is using the **tongue** figuratively to represent what people say, by association with the way the tongue is used for speech. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 331 | JAS | 3 | 8 | j212 | figs-nominaladj | ἀκατάστατον κακόν | 1 | an unsettled evil | James is using the adjective **evil** as a noun. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “an unsettled evil thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 332 | JAS | 3 | 8 | j213 | figs-personification | ἀκατάστατον κακόν | 1 | an unsettled evil | In this context, the word **unsettled** means “restless.” James is speaking figuratively of the **tongue** as if it were a living thing that could never rest because it always had to be saying bad things. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “We are constantly saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 333 | JAS | 3 | 8 | m7vi | figs-metaphor | μεστὴ ἰοῦ θανατηφόρου | 1 | full of deadly poison | James is using **deadly poison** as an analogy for the destructive effects of what people say. Alternate translation (continuing a new sentence): “and what we say has very destructive effects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 334 | JAS | 3 | 9 | le6h | writing-pronouns | ἐν αὐτῇ εὐλογοῦμεν…καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ καταρώμεθα | 1 | With it we bless … and with it we curse | The pronoun **it** refers to the tongue. Alternate translation: “With our tongue we bless … and with our tongue we curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 335 | JAS | 3 | 9 | j214 | figs-metonymy | ἐν αὐτῇ εὐλογοῦμεν…καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ καταρώμεθα | 1 | With it we bless … and with it we curse | James is using the **tongue** figuratively to represent what people say, by association with the way the tongue is used for speech. Alternate translation: “We use our tongue in speech to bless … and we use our tongue in speech to curse” or “By what we say, we bless … and by what we say, we curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 336 | JAS | 3 | 9 | ucm9 | εὐλογοῦμεν | 1 | we bless | In this context, **bless** does not mean to confer a blessing on someone, as a superior would to an inferior. Rather, it means to say good things about someone. Alternate translation: “we say good things about” | |
| 337 | JAS | 3 | 9 | j215 | figs-hendiadys | τὸν Κύριον καὶ Πατέρα | 1 | the Lord and Father | James is not talking about two different people. He is expressing a single idea by using two nouns connected with **and**. The noun **Father** further identifies **the Lord**. Alternate translation: “the Lord our Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 338 | JAS | 3 | 9 | j216 | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Πατέρα | 1 | Father | **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 339 | JAS | 3 | 9 | j217 | figs-gendernotations | τοὺς ἀνθρώπους | 1 | men | James is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 340 | JAS | 3 | 9 | umg1 | figs-explicit | τοὺς καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν Θεοῦ γεγονότας | 1 | who have come into being according to the likeness of God | James means implicitly that God created people in his own **likeness**. Alternate translation: “whom God made according to his own likeness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 341 | JAS | 3 | 10 | j218 | figs-metonymy | ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ στόματος ἐξέρχεται εὐλογία καὶ κατάρα | 1 | Out of the same mouth come blessing and cursing | James is using the **mouth** figuratively to represent what people say, by association with the way the mouth is used for speech. Alternate translation: “The same person speaks blessing and cursing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 342 | JAS | 3 | 10 | a1ly | figs-abstractnouns | ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ στόματος ἐξέρχεται εὐλογία καὶ κατάρα | 1 | Out of the same mouth come blessing and cursing | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **blessing** and **cursing** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “The same person says things to bless God and to curse people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 343 | JAS | 3 | 10 | j219 | εὐλογία | 1 | blessing | See how you translated the word “bless” in [3:9](../03/09.md). You may wish to use a similar translation here. Alternate translation: “good sayings” | |
| 344 | JAS | 3 | 10 | n9zy | figs-idiom | οὐ χρή, ἀδελφοί μου, ταῦτα οὕτως γίνεσθαι | 1 | It is not necessary, my brothers, for these things to happen thus | James is speaking idiomatically here. Alternate translation: “My brothers, things like this should not happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 345 | JAS | 3 | 10 | qrs2 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | my brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 346 | JAS | 3 | 11 | j220 | figs-doublenegatives | μήτι ἡ πηγὴ ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ὀπῆς βρύει τὸ γλυκὺ καὶ τὸ πικρόν | 1 | A spring does not gush the sweet and the bitter from the same opening, does it | The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding “does it?” Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Does a spring gush the sweet and the bitter from the same opening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 347 | JAS | 3 | 11 | mz8d | figs-rquestion | μήτι ἡ πηγὴ ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς ὀπῆς βρύει τὸ γλυκὺ καὶ τὸ πικρόν? | 1 | A spring does not gush the sweet and the bitter from the same opening, does it? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “A spring does not gush the sweet and the bitter from the same opening!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 348 | JAS | 3 | 11 | j221 | ἡ πηγὴ | 1 | A spring | In this context, the term **spring** refers to a spring of water, that is, a source of water that comes up from the ground. Alternate translation: “A spring of water” | |
| 349 | JAS | 3 | 11 | j222 | figs-nominaladj | τὸ γλυκὺ καὶ τὸ πικρόν | 1 | the sweet and the bitter | James is using the adjectives **sweet** and **bitter** as nouns to refer to types of water. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “sweet water and bitter water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 350 | JAS | 3 | 12 | j223 | figs-doublenegatives | μὴ δύναται, ἀδελφοί μου, συκῆ ἐλαίας ποιῆσαι | 1 | A fig tree is not able to make olives, is it | The first word of this sentence in Greek is a negative word that can be used to turn a statement into a question that expects a negative answer. ULT shows this by adding “is it?” Your language may have other ways of asking a question that expects a negative answer, for example, by changing the word order of a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Is a fig tree able to make olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 351 | JAS | 3 | 12 | z3qg | figs-rquestion | μὴ δύναται, ἀδελφοί μου, συκῆ ἐλαίας ποιῆσαι | 1 | A fig tree is not able to make olives, is it | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fig tree is not able to make olives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 352 | JAS | 3 | 12 | j224 | translate-unknown | μὴ δύναται, ἀδελφοί μου, συκῆ ἐλαίας ποιῆσαι | 1 | A fig tree is not able to make olives, is it | A **fig tree** is a tree that produces small, sweet fruit. **Olives** also grow on trees, so they are technically fruit, but they are oily and pungent. If your readers would not be familiar with these kinds of fruit, you could use two other contrasting kinds of fruit as examples, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation (as a statement): “One kind of tree is not able to produce fruit that would grow on a different kind of tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 353 | JAS | 3 | 12 | jjj8 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | my brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 354 | JAS | 3 | 12 | bu4l | figs-ellipsis | ἢ ἄμπελος σῦκα | 1 | or a grapevine, figs | James is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “or is a grapevine able to make figs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 355 | JAS | 3 | 12 | j225 | figs-rquestion | ἢ ἄμπελος σῦκα | 1 | or a grapevine, figs | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement if you also translated the question in the earlier part of the sentence as a statement. Alternate translation: “and a grapevine is not able to make figs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 356 | JAS | 3 | 12 | j226 | translate-unknown | ἢ ἄμπελος σῦκα | 1 | or a grapevine, figs | A **grapevine** is a woody vine that produces small, juicy fruit. This fruit is quite different from **figs**. If your readers would not be familiar with these kinds of fruit, you could use two other contrasting kinds of fruit as examples, or you could use a general expression. If you already used a general expression earlier in the verse, you could restate it here as a separate sentence for emphasis. Alternate translation: “No, a tree is not able to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 357 | JAS | 3 | 12 | j227 | figs-explicit | οὔτε ἁλυκὸν γλυκὺ ποιῆσαι ὕδωρ | 1 | Nor salty to make sweet water | James concludes his teaching about speech with this final example. It may be helpful after this example to restate the implications of all the examples that James has given in this verse and in the previous verse, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 358 | JAS | 3 | 12 | j228 | figs-ellipsis | οὔτε ἁλυκὸν γλυκὺ ποιῆσαι ὕδωρ | 1 | Nor salty to make sweet water | James is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “And something that is salty is not able to produce sweet water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 359 | JAS | 3 | 12 | j229 | figs-nominaladj | ἁλυκὸν | 1 | salty | James is using the adjective **salty** as a noun. Since James is speaking of something that can **make** or produce **water**, he is likely speaking of a spring. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “a saline spring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 360 | JAS | 3 | 13 | fgb7 | figs-rquestion | τίς σοφὸς καὶ ἐπιστήμων ἐν ὑμῖν? δειξάτω | 1 | Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show | James is not looking for information. He is using the question form to express a condition. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this as a conditional statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone is wise and understanding among you, let him show” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 361 | JAS | 3 | 13 | j230 | figs-doublet | σοφὸς καὶ ἐπιστήμων | 1 | wise and understanding | The words **wise** and **understanding** mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them with a single expression. Alternate translation: “truly wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 362 | JAS | 3 | 13 | f9xv | figs-abstractnouns | δειξάτω ἐκ τῆς καλῆς ἀναστροφῆς τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐν πραΰτητι σοφίας | 1 | Let him show his works from good conduct in the humility of wisdom | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **works**, **conduct**, **humility**, and **wisdom** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “Let him show by conducting himself well, and by being humble as a wise person should be, that he does what God wants him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 363 | JAS | 3 | 13 | j231 | figs-possession | ἐν πραΰτητι σοφίας | 1 | in the humility of wisdom | James is using the possessive form to describe **humility** that comes from **wisdom**. Alternate translation: “in the humility that comes from wisdom” or “with the humble attitude that comes from being wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 364 | JAS | 3 | 14 | j232 | figs-metaphor | ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε, καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν | 1 | you have bitter envy and ambition in your heart | James is using the **heart** figuratively to represent the thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “you have bitterly envious and ambitious thoughts and feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 365 | JAS | 3 | 14 | js7b | figs-abstractnouns | ζῆλον πικρὸν ἔχετε, καὶ ἐριθείαν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν | 1 | you have bitter jealousy and ambition in your heart | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **jealousy** and **ambition** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “in your heart you resent what other people have and you want to be more successful than anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 366 | JAS | 3 | 14 | j233 | τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν | 1 | your heart | Since **you** and **your** are plural in this verse, if you retain the metaphor **heart** in your translation, it might be more natural in your language to use the plural form of that word. Alternate translation: “your hearts” | |
| 367 | JAS | 3 | 14 | j234 | figs-explicit | μὴ κατακαυχᾶσθε καὶ ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | do not boast and lie against the truth | Since James says in the previous verse that someone who is truly wise will be humble, he could be saying here that if someone claims to be wise but is jealous and ambitious, he is showing that he is actually not wise. Alternate translation: “then do not boast that you are wise, because that would not be true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 368 | JAS | 3 | 14 | a191 | figs-abstractnouns | ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | lie against the truth | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “tell lies that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 369 | JAS | 3 | 14 | j235 | figs-explicitinfo | ψεύδεσθε κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | lie against the truth | In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you could express the same meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “say things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) |
| 370 | JAS | 3 | 15 | j236 | figs-explicit | αὕτη | 1 | This | **This** refers to the “bitter jealousy and ambition” that James describes in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “This bitter jealousy and ambition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 371 | JAS | 3 | 15 | g44u | figs-abstractnouns | ἡ σοφία | 1 | the wisdom | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **wisdom** with an adjective such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the wise way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 372 | JAS | 3 | 15 | clz6 | figs-metaphor | ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη | 1 | that comes down from above | James says **from above**, meaning “from heaven,” as a spatial metaphor that means “from God.” Alternate translation: “that comes from God” or “that God teaches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 373 | JAS | 3 | 15 | h36b | figs-metonymy | ἐπίγειος | 1 | earthly | The word **earthly** refers to the values and behavior of people who do not honor God. James uses the word by association with the way such people live on earth without regard for the values and behavior that are characteristic of heaven. Alternate translation: “not honoring to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 374 | JAS | 3 | 15 | a2u6 | figs-metonymy | ψυχική | 1 | soulish | James is figuratively using one part of the human being, the soul, as opposed to another part, the spirit, to mean “unspiritual.” The sense could be either that this behavior has no regard for spiritual things or that it does not come from the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “unspiritual” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 375 | JAS | 3 | 15 | mzc9 | δαιμονιώδης | 1 | demonic | Alternate translation: “from demons” or “like the behavior of demons” | |
| 376 | JAS | 3 | 16 | j237 | grammar-connect-logic-result | γὰρ | 1 | For | James is giving the reason for the statement he made in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “It is clear that this is not godly wisdom, because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 377 | JAS | 3 | 16 | x5jz | figs-abstractnouns | ὅπου…ζῆλος καὶ ἐριθεία, ἐκεῖ ἀκαταστασία καὶ πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα | 1 | where there is envy and ambition, there is unsettledness and every wicked deed | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **envy**, **ambition**, and **unsettledness** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “For when people are envious and ambitious, this causes them to act in disorderly and evil ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 378 | JAS | 3 | 16 | vmt4 | figs-hyperbole | πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα | 1 | every wicked deed | Here, **every** is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “many kinds of wicked deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 379 | JAS | 3 | 17 | s8w4 | figs-abstractnouns | ἡ…σοφία | 1 | the wisdom | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **wisdom** with an adjective such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the wise way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 380 | JAS | 3 | 17 | hhk5 | figs-metaphor | ἄνωθεν | 1 | from above | See how you translated this in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “that comes from God” or “that God teaches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 381 | JAS | 3 | 17 | hfh9 | figs-metaphor | καρπῶν ἀγαθῶν | 1 | good fruits | James speaks figuratively of **good fruits** to mean kind things that people do for others as a result of having wisdom from God. Alternate translation: “good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 382 | JAS | 3 | 17 | by2l | ἀνυπόκριτος | 1 | sincere | Alternate translation: “not hypocritical” or “honest” or “truthful” | |
| 383 | JAS | 3 | 18 | md56 | figs-metaphor | καρπὸς…δικαιοσύνης ἐν εἰρήνῃ σπείρεται, τοῖς ποιοῦσιν εἰρήνην | 1 | the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace | James speaks figuratively of those who **make peace** as if they were sowing seeds, and of righteousness as if it were **fruit** that grew from those seeds. Alternate translation: “those who work in peace to make peace produce righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 384 | JAS | 3 | 18 | htr1 | figs-abstractnouns | καρπὸς…δικαιοσύνης ἐν εἰρήνῃ σπείρεται, τοῖς ποιοῦσιν εἰρήνην | 1 | the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **righteousness** and **peace** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “those who work peacefully to help people live together peacefully are helping those people to live in the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 385 | JAS | 3 | 18 | j238 | figs-activepassive | καρπὸς…δικαιοσύνης ἐν εἰρήνῃ σπείρεται, τοῖς ποιοῦσιν εἰρήνην | 1 | the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace | If you decide to retain the metaphor of sowing, you could express it with an active verbal form, if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “those who make peace sow the fruit of righteousness in peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 386 | JAS | 4 | intro | r6vv | 0 | # James 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Worldly desires and the sin and conflict they cause (4:1-12)<br>2. A warning against boasting about tomorrow (4:13-17)<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Adultery<br><br>Writers in the Bible often speak of adultery as a metaphor for people who say they love God but do things that God hates. James uses the same metaphor in [4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) | |||
| 387 | JAS | 4 | 1 | j239 | πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν | 1 | Whence are wars and whence are battles among you | The word translated **whence** means “from where.” Your language may have a similar word that you can use in your translation. Otherwise, you can express the same meaning in a way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Where do wars and battles among you come from” | |
| 388 | JAS | 4 | 1 | j240 | figs-metaphor | πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν | 1 | Whence are wars and whence are battles among you | James is using the terms **wars** and **battles** figuratively. Alternate translation: “Where do the conflicts and disputes that you are having come from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 389 | JAS | 4 | 1 | pqx2 | figs-rquestion | πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν? | 1 | Whence are wars and whence are battles among you? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will tell you where the conflicts and disputes that you are having come from.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 390 | JAS | 4 | 1 | ub82 | figs-doublet | πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ πόθεν μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν? | 1 | Whence are wars and whence are battles among you? | The words **wars** and **battles** mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them with a single expression. Alternate translation (as a statement): “I will tell you where the continual conflicts that you are having come from.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 391 | JAS | 4 | 1 | j241 | figs-rquestion | οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν? | 1 | Are they not hence, from your lusts, which fight in your members? | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is where they come from: from your lusts, which fight in your members.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 392 | JAS | 4 | 1 | j242 | οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν | 1 | Are they not hence | The word translated **hence** means “from here.” Your language may have a similar word that you can use in your translation. Otherwise, you can express the same meaning in a way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do they not come from here” | |
| 393 | JAS | 4 | 1 | v5kg | figs-metaphor | τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν | 1 | your lusts, which fight in your members | As in [3:6](../03/06.md), **members** means “parts of the body.” This could mean: (1) The phrase **in your members** may indicate the location of the **lusts** that James is describing. He could be saying that the outward fights between members of the community have their origin in inward lusts that lead people to fight for what they want, as he describes in the next verse. If so, he is using the parts of the body figuratively to represent a person’s thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “the lusts inside of you that fight” (2) The word translated **in** may mean “among.” The sense would then be that these **lusts** fight against one part of the person after another, seeking to gain control of the whole person. Since the **lusts** would actually be gaining control over non-physical aspects of a person, such as his will and values, James would once again be using the physical parts of the body figuratively to express his meaning. Alternate translation: “your lusts, which fight to control you” (3) James may be speaking figuratively of the community of believers as if it were a body and of individual believers as if they were parts of that body. Alternate translation: “your lusts, which fight against other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 394 | JAS | 4 | 1 | vpe2 | figs-personification | τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν, τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν | 1 | your lusts, which fight in your members | In all of the cases that the previous note discusses, James would be speaking figuratively of **lusts** as if they were living things that could **fight.** Alternate translation: (1) “the lusts inside of you that cause you to fight to get what you want” (2) “your lusts, which cause you to value and choose certain things in order to gratify them” or (3) “your lusts, which cause you to fight against other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 395 | JAS | 4 | 2 | j243 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἐπιθυμεῖτε καὶ οὐκ ἔχετε; φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε, καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν | 1 | You covet, and you do not have. You kill and envy, and you are not able to obtain | In both of these sentences, James is using the word translated **and** to introduce a contrast between the first and second clauses. Alternate translation: “You covet, but you do not have. You kill and envy, but you are not able to obtain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 396 | JAS | 4 | 2 | j244 | ἐπιθυμεῖτε καὶ οὐκ ἔχετε; φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε, καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν | 1 | You covet, and you do not have. You kill and envy, and you are not able to obtain | Your language may require you to specify the objects of **have** and **obtain**. Alternate translation: “You covet, but you do not have what you covet. You kill and envy, but you are not able to obtain the things that you envy” | |
| 397 | JAS | 4 | 2 | j245 | figs-parallelism | ἐπιθυμεῖτε καὶ οὐκ ἔχετε; φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε, καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν | 1 | You covet, and you do not have. You kill and envy, and you are not able to obtain | These two sentences mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “You desperately want things that other people have, but you cannot get them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 398 | JAS | 4 | 2 | khh9 | figs-metaphor | φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε | 1 | You kill and envy | James probably does not mean the word **kill** literally. Rather, this could mean: (1) James may be using the word in a figurative and spiritual sense to mean “hate.” This usage would reflect the teaching of Jesus and the apostles. Jesus said that the meaning of the commandment “do not kill” also applied to being angry with others and insulting them ([Matthew 5:21-22](../mat/05/21.md)). The apostle John wrote that “everyone who hates his brother is a murderer” ([1 John 3:15](../1jn/03/15.md)). Alternate translation: “You hate and envy” (2) James may be describing someone wanting something so badly that he would almost kill to get it. Alternate translation: “You envy almost to the point of murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 399 | JAS | 4 | 2 | j246 | figs-hendiadys | φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε | 1 | You kill and envy | James is expressing a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The word **kill** describes how his readers **envy** what others have. Alternate translation: (1) “you envy hatefully” (2) “you envy murderously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 400 | JAS | 4 | 2 | j247 | figs-metaphor | μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε | 1 | You battle and war | As in [4:1](../04/01.md), James is using the terms **battle** and **war** figuratively. Alternate translation: “You engage in disputes and conflicts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 401 | JAS | 4 | 2 | v9m8 | figs-doublet | μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε | 1 | You battle and war | The words **battle** and **war** mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them with a single expression. Alternate translation: “You have continual conflicts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 402 | JAS | 4 | 2 | j248 | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἔχετε, διὰ τὸ μὴ αἰτεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς | 1 | You do not have because you do not ask | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say more fully what this means. Alternate translation: “You do not get what you want because you do not ask God for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 403 | JAS | 4 | 3 | j249 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | αἰτεῖτε καὶ οὐ λαμβάνετε | 1 | You ask and you do not receive | James is using the word translated **and** to introduce a contrast between these two clauses. Alternate translation: “You ask but you do not receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 404 | JAS | 4 | 3 | nk57 | κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε | 1 | you ask badly | James does not mean that his readers are asking for things in the wrong way. He means that they are asking for the wrong reason. Alternate translation: “you are asking for the wrong reason” | |
| 405 | JAS | 4 | 3 | j250 | figs-metaphor | ἵνα ἐν ταῖς ἡδοναῖς ὑμῶν δαπανήσητε | 1 | so that you may spend on your lusts | James says figuratively that his readers would **spend** what they acquired on their lusts. Alternate translation: “so that you can gratify your sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 406 | JAS | 4 | 4 | j251 | μοιχαλίδες | 1 | Adulteresses | James is addressing his readers in the vocative. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You adulteresses” | |
| 407 | JAS | 4 | 4 | efi8 | figs-metaphor | μοιχαλίδες | 1 | Adulteresses | James is figuratively describing his readers as married women who have sexual relations with men who are not their husbands. This metaphor is used many places in the Bible to represent unfaithfulness to God. Alternate translation: “You are not being faithful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 408 | JAS | 4 | 4 | wu5v | figs-rquestion | οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου, ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν? | 1 | Do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? | James is using the question form for emphasis and as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly you know that friendship with the world is enmity with God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 409 | JAS | 4 | 4 | j252 | figs-abstractnouns | ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου, ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν | 1 | friendship with the world is enmity with God | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **friendship** and **enmity** with the concrete nouns “friend” and “enemy.” Alternate translation: “if you are a friend of the world, you are an enemy of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 410 | JAS | 4 | 4 | b5ly | figs-metonymy | ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | friendship with the world | As in [1:27](../01/27.md), James is using the term **world** figuratively to mean the system of values shared by people who do not honor God. Alternate translation: “friendship with an ungodly value system” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 411 | JAS | 4 | 4 | br36 | figs-personification | ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | friendship with the world | James is speaking figuratively of this ungodly value system as if it were a person with whom someone could be friends. Alternate translation: “living by an ungodly value system” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 412 | JAS | 4 | 4 | jf1g | figs-metaphor | ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν | 1 | is enmity with God | James probably does not consider that his readers have literally become sworn enemies of God. He is using the term **enmity** figuratively to describe how opposed the worldly value system is to the way God wants people to live. Alternate translation: “is contrary to what God wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 413 | JAS | 4 | 4 | j253 | figs-metonymy | φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | to be a friend of the world | See how you translated the term **world** earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “to be a friend of an ungodly value system” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 414 | JAS | 4 | 4 | j254 | figs-personification | φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | to be a friend of the world | James speaks figuratively again of the ungodly value system as if it were a person with whom someone could be friends. Alternate translation: “to live by an ungodly value system” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 415 | JAS | 4 | 4 | j255 | figs-activepassive | καθίσταται | 1 | is made | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “makes himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 416 | JAS | 4 | 4 | j256 | figs-metaphor | ἐχθρὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | an enemy of God | See how you translated the similar expression earlier in this verse. Alternate translation: “someone who lives in a way contrary to what God wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 417 | JAS | 4 | 5 | i2y4 | figs-rquestion | ἢ δοκεῖτε ὅτι κενῶς ἡ Γραφὴ λέγει | 1 | Or do you think that the Scripture says vainly | James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. (In this context, the term **vainly** means “for no good reason,” not “in a conceited way.”) Alternate translation: “There is a good reason why the Scripture says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 418 | JAS | 4 | 5 | j257 | ἡ Γραφὴ λέγει | 1 | the Scripture says | James is describing the general teaching of the Bible, not referring to a specific passage. In cases like this, your language might use the plural instead of the singular. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures say” | |
| 419 | JAS | 4 | 5 | j258 | figs-personification | ἡ Γραφὴ λέγει | 1 | the Scripture says | James is speaking figuratively of the Bible as if it could speak on its own. Alternate translation: “it is written in the Scriptures” or “we can read in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 420 | JAS | 4 | 5 | bx68 | πρὸς φθόνον ἐπιποθεῖ τὸ Πνεῦμα ὃ κατῴκισεν ἐν ἡμῖν | 1 | The Spirit whom he caused to live in us longs with jealousy | This could mean: (1) The word **Spirit** may mean the Holy Spirit, who could be the subject of the verb **longs**. The idea of the Spirit being jealous would fit with the adultery metaphor in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “The Spirit whom God has caused to live in us longs for us to live faithfully to God” (2) The word **Spirit** may mean the Holy Spirit, who could be the object of the verb **longs**, in which case God would be the subject of that verb. This interpretation would also fit with the adultery metaphor. Alternate translation: “God longs jealously for us to live by the Spirit whom he has caused to live in us” (3) This could possibly be a reference to the human spirit, in which case the statement would be repeating what James said in [4:2](../04/02.md) about people coveting and envying. Alternate translation: “The spirit that God has caused to live in us longs jealously for things that it does not have” | |
| 421 | JAS | 4 | 5 | j259 | writing-pronouns | ὃ κατῴκισεν ἐν ἡμῖν | 1 | whom he caused to live in us | Whatever the interpretation of the entire sentence, the pronoun **he** in this clause refers to God. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live in us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 422 | JAS | 4 | 6 | ub8z | figs-explicit | μείζονα δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν | 1 | But he gives greater grace | In light of what he says in the previous two verses, James is drawing a contrast between what God might be expected to do and what God actually does. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the contrast more explicitly. Alternate translation: “But even though God is jealous if we are friends with the world, he does not reject us. Instead, he gives us even more grace to be friends with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 423 | JAS | 4 | 6 | j260 | writing-pronouns | μείζονα δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν | 1 | But he gives greater grace | The pronoun **he** refers to God. Alternate translation: “But God gives greater grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 424 | JAS | 4 | 6 | j261 | μείζονα…χάριν | 1 | greater grace | The comparative **greater** refers to quantity rather than to size. Alternate translation: “even more grace” | |
| 425 | JAS | 4 | 6 | hyh2 | writing-pronouns | διὸ λέγει | 1 | Therefore it says | The pronoun **it** refers to the Scripture, the antecedent from the previous verse. Even though James is now quoting a specific passage, [Proverbs 3:34](../pro/03/34.md), rather than a general teaching, the reference is to the Bible as a whole. Alternate translation: “Therefore the Scripture says” or “Therefore the Scriptures say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 426 | JAS | 4 | 6 | j262 | figs-personification | λέγει | 1 | it says | James is speaking figuratively of the Bible as if it could speak on its own. Alternate translation: “it is written in the Scriptures” or “we can read in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 427 | JAS | 4 | 6 | qs61 | figs-nominaladj | ὑπερηφάνοις…ταπεινοῖς | 1 | the proud … the humble | James is using the adjectives **proud** and **humble** as nouns to refer to types of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “proud people … humble people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 428 | JAS | 4 | 7 | g7e5 | figs-activepassive | ὑποτάγητε οὖν | 1 | Be submitted, therefore | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Submit, therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 429 | JAS | 4 | 7 | da5t | grammar-connect-logic-result | ὑποτάγητε οὖν | 1 | Be submitted, therefore | James is giving the reason for the result he described in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Because God gives grace to the humble, be submitted” or “Because God gives grace to the humble, submit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 430 | JAS | 4 | 7 | j263 | grammar-connect-logic-result | ἀντίστητε δὲ τῷ διαβόλῳ, καὶ φεύξεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν | 1 | But resist the devil, and he will flee from you | James is using the word translated **and** to describe a result. Alternate translation: “But resist the devil. If you do, then he will flee from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 431 | JAS | 4 | 7 | nud3 | ἀντίστητε…τῷ διαβόλῳ | 1 | resist the devil | Alternate translation: “resolve not to do what the devil wants” | |
| 432 | JAS | 4 | 7 | w9ue | figs-metaphor | φεύξεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν | 1 | he will flee from you | James is speaking figuratively of the devil as if he would run away from a believer who resisted him after humbling himself before God. Alternate translation: “he will stop trying to get you to do what he wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 433 | JAS | 4 | 8 | j264 | grammar-connect-logic-result | ἐγγίσατε τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐγγιεῖ ὑμῖν | 1 | Come near to God and he will come near to you | James is using the word translated **and** to describe a result. Alternate translation: “If you come near to God, then he will come near to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 434 | JAS | 4 | 8 | g62m | figs-metaphor | ἐγγίσατε τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ ἐγγιεῖ ὑμῖν | 1 | Come near to God and he will come near to you | James is using a spatial metaphor to describe two people in a good relationship as if they were **near** to one another. Alternate translation: “Do your part to have a good relationship with God, and you will find that God also wants to have a good relationship with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 435 | JAS | 4 | 8 | j265 | figs-metaphor | καθαρίσατε χεῖρας | 1 | Cleanse your hands | James is using the image of washing hands to describe a person removing sin from his life. Alternate translation: “Stop sinning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 436 | JAS | 4 | 8 | elh1 | figs-metonymy | καθαρίσατε χεῖρας | 1 | Cleanse your hands | James is using the word **hands** figuratively to mean actions, by association with the way people use their hands to do things. Alternate translation: “Stop doing things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 437 | JAS | 4 | 8 | j266 | ἁμαρτωλοί | 1 | sinners | James is addressing his readers in the vocative. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you sinners” | |
| 438 | JAS | 4 | 8 | j267 | figs-metaphor | ἁγνίσατε καρδίας | 1 | purify your hearts | James says **hearts** figuratively to mean people’s thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “purify your thoughts and desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 439 | JAS | 4 | 8 | mw54 | figs-metaphor | ἁγνίσατε καρδίας | 1 | purify your hearts | The term **purify** refers to a ceremonial cleansing that allows a person to participate in religious activities. James is speaking figuratively as if his readers’ **hearts** could be cleansed in this way. Alternate translation: “make sure you are not thinking or desiring anything wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 440 | JAS | 4 | 8 | j268 | figs-nominaladj | δίψυχοι | 1 | double-minded | James is using the adjective **double-minded** as a noun to refer to a type of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “double-minded people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 441 | JAS | 4 | 8 | j269 | δίψυχοι | 1 | double-minded | James is addressing his readers in the vocative. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you double-minded people” | |
| 442 | JAS | 4 | 8 | iw61 | figs-metaphor | δίψυχοι | 1 | double-minded | See how you translated the same expression in [1:8](../01/08.md). James is speaking figuratively of his readers as if they had two minds, with one mind deciding to do one thing and the other mind deciding to do something else. Alternate translation: “you people who cannot decide whether to obey God or not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 443 | JAS | 4 | 9 | kdn8 | figs-doublet | ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε | 1 | Be miserable and mourn and weep | These three verbs have similar meanings. James is using them together to emphasize how sorry his readers should be. Alternate translation: “Be extremely sorry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 444 | JAS | 4 | 9 | j270 | figs-explicit | ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε | 1 | Be miserable and mourn and weep | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what James is telling his readers to be sorry for. Alternate translation: “Be extremely sorry for not obeying God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 445 | JAS | 4 | 9 | j271 | figs-ellipsis | ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν | 1 | Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and your joy into gloom | In the second part of this sentence, James leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and let your joy be changed into gloom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 446 | JAS | 4 | 9 | j272 | figs-activepassive | ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν | 1 | Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and your joy into gloom | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with active verbal forms. Alternate translation: “Let your laughter become mourning, and let your joy become gloom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 447 | JAS | 4 | 9 | j273 | figs-abstractnouns | ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν | 1 | Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and your joy into gloom | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **laughter**, **mourning**, **joy**, and **gloom** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “Stop laughing and be sad. Stop being joyful and be gloomy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 448 | JAS | 4 | 9 | rf6g | figs-parallelism | ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν | 1 | Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and your joy into gloom | These two clauses mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “Stop being so carefree and show genuine sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 449 | JAS | 4 | 9 | j274 | figs-explicit | ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μετατραπήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν | 1 | Let your laughter be changed into mourning, and your joy into gloom | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why James is telling his readers to show such sorrow. Alternate translation: “Stop being so carefree and show genuine sorrow for your sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 450 | JAS | 4 | 10 | j275 | grammar-connect-logic-result | ταπεινώθητε ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, καὶ ὑψώσει ὑμᾶς | 1 | Be humbled before the Lord, and he will lift you up | James is using the word translated **and** to describe a result. Alternate translation: “If you are humbled before the Lord, then he will lift you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 451 | JAS | 4 | 10 | j276 | figs-activepassive | ταπεινώθητε | 1 | Be humbled | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Humble yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 452 | JAS | 4 | 10 | an8i | figs-metaphor | ἐνώπιον Κυρίου | 1 | before the Lord | The word **before** means “in front of” or “in the presence of” another person. While in one sense God is present everywhere, the believers to whom James is writing are not in the direct physical presence of God, so he likely means this expression in a figurative sense. He is referring to the attitude they should have towards God. Alternate translation: “in your attitude towards God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 453 | JAS | 4 | 10 | tn5w | figs-metaphor | ὑψώσει ὑμᾶς | 1 | he will lift you up | James is speaking figuratively as if his readers would humbly kneel down or bow down in front of God to show their repentance and as if God would have them stand up to show that he accepted them. Alternate translation: “he will show that he accepts you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 454 | JAS | 4 | 11 | r3hc | μὴ καταλαλεῖτε ἀλλήλων | 1 | Do not speak against one another | Alternate translation: “Do not say bad things about one another” | |
| 455 | JAS | 4 | 11 | uyi9 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί…ἀδελφοῦ…τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ | 1 | brothers … a brother … his brother | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers … a fellow believer … his fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 456 | JAS | 4 | 11 | j277 | figs-explicit | καταλαλεῖ νόμου καὶ κρίνει νόμον | 1 | speaks against the law and judges the law | By **the law**, James means the same thing that he calls the “royal law” in [2:8](../02/08.md) and the “law of freedom” in [1:25](../01/25.md) and [2:12](../02/12.md). That is, he means the commandment “you will love your neighbor as yourself.” James is teaching his readers that by saying or assuming that their fellow believers were doing wrong things, they were not following this commandment and they were treating the commandment as if it were not important to follow. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. See how you translated the term “neighbor” in [2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: “contradicts the law that says to love other people as oneself and judges that law to be unimportant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 457 | JAS | 4 | 11 | j278 | figs-youcrowd | εἰ…νόμον κρίνεις, οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου | 1 | if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law | The word **you** is singular in these two cases because even though James is addressing a group of people, he is describing an individual situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]]) |
| 458 | JAS | 4 | 11 | j279 | figs-ellipsis | οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου, ἀλλὰ κριτής | 1 | you are not a doer of the law, but a judge | In the second phrase, James is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the first phrase. Alternate translation: “you are not a doer of the law, but a judge of the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 459 | JAS | 4 | 11 | jlx4 | figs-explicit | οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου, ἀλλὰ κριτής | 1 | you are not a doer of the law, but a judge | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say more explicitly what this means. See how you translated the similar phrase at the end of the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “instead of loving other people, you are saying that it is not important to love them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 460 | JAS | 4 | 12 | e9da | εἷς ἐστιν νομοθέτης καὶ κριτής | 1 | The lawgiver and judge is one | Alternate translation: “The lawgiver and judge are the same person” | |
| 461 | JAS | 4 | 12 | j280 | figs-distinguish | ὁ δυνάμενος σῶσαι καὶ ἀπολέσαι | 1 | the one who is able to save and to destroy | James uses this phrase, which identifies God by two of his attributes, to clarify whom he means by **the lawgiver and judge**. Alternate translation: “God, who is able to save and to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) |
| 462 | JAS | 4 | 12 | m49q | figs-rquestion | σὺ δὲ τίς εἶ, ὁ κρίνων τὸν πλησίον? | 1 | But who are you, the one judging a neighbor? | James is using the question form to challenge and teach his readers. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “But you have no right to judge a neighbor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 463 | JAS | 4 | 12 | j281 | writing-pronouns | σὺ δὲ τίς εἶ | 1 | But who are you | For emphasis, James includes the pronoun **you** even though it is not required with the verb. If your language does not ordinarily require pronouns with verbs but it can include them for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may be able to convey this emphasis in other ways, such as by repeating the pronoun. Alternate translation: “But you, who are you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 464 | JAS | 4 | 12 | j282 | figs-youcrowd | σὺ…τίς εἶ | 1 | who are you | As in the previous verse, James is using the singular form of **you** because even though he is addressing a group of people, he is describing an individual situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]]) |
| 465 | JAS | 4 | 12 | j283 | τὸν πλησίον | 1 | a neighbor | See how you translated the term “neighbor” in [2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: “another person” | |
| 466 | JAS | 4 | 13 | j284 | figs-idiom | ἄγε νῦν | 1 | Come now | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Now listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 467 | JAS | 4 | 13 | j285 | οἱ λέγοντες | 1 | the ones saying | James is addressing his readers in the vocative. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. (If you use the word “you,” it would be plural, since James is addressing a group of people.) Alternate translation: “you who say” | |
| 468 | JAS | 4 | 13 | j286 | figs-exclusive | πορευσόμεθα | 1 | we will travel | These people are speaking only of themselves, so the pronoun **we** is exclusive here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 469 | JAS | 4 | 13 | j287 | figs-idiom | τήνδε τὴν πόλιν | 1 | this city | This is an idiom. No specific city is intended. Your language may have a comparable idiom that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “such-and-such a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 470 | JAS | 4 | 13 | iz9h | figs-idiom | ποιήσομεν ἐκεῖ ἐνιαυτὸν | 1 | do a year there | This is another idiom. Alternate translation: “stay there for a year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 471 | JAS | 4 | 13 | j288 | κερδήσομεν | 1 | gain | Alternate translation: “make a profit” | |
| 472 | JAS | 4 | 14 | b7ir | figs-rquestion | οἵτινες οὐκ ἐπίστασθε τὸ τῆς αὔριον, ποία ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν? | 1 | You who do not know the thing of tomorrow, what is your life? | James is using the question form to challenge and teach his readers. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not know what will happen tomorrow, and you may not even be alive then!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 473 | JAS | 4 | 14 | a9v2 | figs-metaphor | ἀτμὶς γάρ ἐστε, ἡ πρὸς ὀλίγον φαινομένη, ἔπειτα καὶ ἀφανιζομένη | 1 | For you are a mist that appears for a little and then disappears | James is speaking figuratively of his readers as if they were a **mist** that forms briefly in the morning but then quickly dissipates when the sun rises. In your translation you could explain the meaning of this image, or you could represent it as a simile, as UST does. Alternate translation: “For you will only be alive for a short time, and then you will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 474 | JAS | 4 | 15 | e1il | καὶ ζήσομεν καὶ ποιήσομεν | 1 | we will both live and do | James is using a construction that puts the word “and” before two things that would both be the case, more literally “and we will live and we will do.” Your language may have a similar construction that you can use here. If not, it may not be necessary for you to translate the first occurrence of “and,” which ULT represents as **both**. (The term **both** in ULT does not mean “the two of us.”) Alternate translation: “we will live and we will do” | |
| 475 | JAS | 4 | 15 | j289 | figs-exclusive | καὶ ζήσομεν καὶ ποιήσομεν | 1 | we will both live and do | These people would be speaking only of themselves, so the pronoun **we** is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 476 | JAS | 4 | 15 | j290 | figs-idiom | τοῦτο ἢ ἐκεῖνο | 1 | this or that | This is an idiom. No specific actions are intended. Your language may have a comparable idiom that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “such-and-such” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 477 | JAS | 4 | 16 | j291 | figs-abstractnouns | καυχᾶσθε ἐν ταῖς ἀλαζονίαις ὑμῶν. πᾶσα καύχησις τοιαύτη πονηρά ἐστιν | 1 | you are boasting in your pretensions. All such boasting is evil | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **pretensions** and **boasting** (the second occurrence of the word in ULT) with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “you are boasting about what you presume you will be able to do. It is always wrong to boast like that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 478 | JAS | 4 | 17 | q84z | εἰδότι οὖν καλὸν ποιεῖν, καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία αὐτῷ ἐστιν | 1 | Therefore to the one having known to do good and not doing it, to him it is sin | James is using the word **therefore** to describe a further inference rather than a conclusion. He is saying that if it is wrong to plan to do things without knowing whether God wants you to do them, then it is also wrong not to do things that you do know God wants. Alternate translation: “From this we can also recognize that if someone does know what God wants him to do but he does not do it, then he is also sinning” | |
| 479 | JAS | 5 | intro | ud8q | 0 | # James 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>1. Rebuke of rich people (5:1-6)<br>2. Waiting patiently for the Lord’s return (5:7-11)<br>3. Oaths forbidden (5:12)<br>4. Prayer, forgiveness, and healing (5:13-18)<br>5. Restoration of a sinner (5:19-20)<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Living for eternity<br><br>The first section of this chapter, which is a warning to rich people, contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will last for eternity. The second section of the chapter is related to that first section. In it, James stresses that it is important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Oaths<br><br>In [5:12](../05/12.md), James tells his readers not to swear any oaths. However, biblical scholars are divided over whether James intends to teach literally that all oaths are wrong. Some scholars believe that some oaths are permissible and that James is emphasizing how Christians should have integrity in what they say.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Elijah<br><br>The illustration that James gives from the life of the prophet Elijah in [5:17-18](../05/17.md) may be difficult for your readers to appreciate if the books of 1 and 2 Kings have not yet been translated. See the first note to 5:17 for a suggestion about how to help your readers understand this illustration better. | |||
| 480 | JAS | 5 | 1 | j292 | figs-idiom | ἄγε νῦν | 1 | Come now | This is an idiom. See how you translated it in [4:13](../04/13.md). Alternate translation: “Now listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 481 | JAS | 5 | 1 | j293 | οἱ πλούσιοι | 1 | the rich | James is addressing these people in the vocative. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. (If you use the word “you,” it would be plural, since James is addressing a group of people.) Alternate translation: “you who are rich” | |
| 482 | JAS | 5 | 1 | j294 | figs-nominaladj | οἱ πλούσιοι | 1 | the rich | James is using the adjective **rich** as a noun to refer to a type of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “you people who are rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 483 | JAS | 5 | 1 | gel9 | figs-explicit | οἱ πλούσιοι | 1 | the rich | James is most likely addressing believers who are rich, or at least rich people who were attending assemblies of believers, rather than unbelievers who are rich or rich people in general. (This letter was meant to be read aloud in those assemblies, and James notes in [1:10](../01/10.md) that some of the believers were rich.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you believers who are rich” or “you rich people who say you want to follow Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 484 | JAS | 5 | 1 | j295 | ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις | 1 | because of your coming miseries | Your language may similarly speak of something that is going to happen in the future as if it were **coming**. If it does not, you can express this in another way. Alternate translation: “because of the miseries you will soon experience” | |
| 485 | JAS | 5 | 1 | l3wd | figs-abstractnouns | ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις | 1 | because of your coming miseries | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **miseries** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “because many bad things are going to happen to you soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 486 | JAS | 5 | 2 | j296 | translate-versebridge | 0 | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [5:2](../05/02.md) and [5:3](../05/03.md) into a verse bridge. You could put the last sentence of [5:3](../05/03.md) first, followed by all of [5:2](../05/02.md) and then the rest of [5:3](../05/03.md). This would allow you to address several translation issues that are discussed in the notes to this verse and the next verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]]) | ||
| 487 | JAS | 5 | 2 | gq45 | figs-pastforfuture | ὁ πλοῦτος ὑμῶν σέσηπεν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν σητόβρωτα γέγονεν | 1 | Your wealth has rotted and your clothes have become moth-eaten | James is using the past tense to refer to things that will happen in the future. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the future tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Your wealth is going to rot and your clothes are going to be eaten by moths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) |
| 488 | JAS | 5 | 2 | v241 | figs-synecdoche | ὁ πλοῦτος ὑμῶν σέσηπεν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν σητόβρωτα γέγονεν | 1 | Your wealth has rotted and your clothes have become moth-eaten | In these two clauses and in the first clause in the next verse (“your gold and silver have been tarnished”), James is figuratively using certain things that these rich people own to mean everything that they own. If you create a verse bridge, you can combine all of these clauses into a single sentence that expresses this meaning. (You would need to begin a new sentence right afterwards.) Alternate translation: “Everything of value that you own is going to be ruined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 489 | JAS | 5 | 2 | j297 | figs-explicit | ὁ πλοῦτος ὑμῶν σέσηπεν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν σητόβρωτα γέγονεν | 1 | Your wealth has rotted and your clothes have become moth-eaten | Depending on the meaning of the statement “you have stored up in the last days” in the next verse (see the note to that statement), James may be saying figuratively that the wealth and expensive clothing of the rich have become worthless. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 490 | JAS | 5 | 2 | j298 | figs-simile | ὁ πλοῦτος ὑμῶν σέσηπεν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν σητόβρωτα γέγονεν | 1 | Your wealth has rotted and your clothes have become moth-eaten | If you decide to indicate explicitly that James is saying that the wealth and expensive clothing of the rich have become worthless, you could do that by expressing his past-for-future statement as a simile, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 491 | JAS | 5 | 3 | am1u | figs-pastforfuture | ὁ χρυσὸς ὑμῶν καὶ ὁ ἄργυρος κατίωται | 1 | Your gold and silver have been tarnished | James is using the past tense to refer to something that will happen in the future. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use the future tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “Your gold and silver are going to be tarnished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) |
| 492 | JAS | 5 | 3 | wj9v | figs-activepassive | ὁ χρυσὸς ὑμῶν καὶ ὁ ἄργυρος κατίωται | 1 | Your gold and silver have been tarnished | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Your gold and silver have tarnished” or “Your gold and silver are going to tarnish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 493 | JAS | 5 | 3 | j299 | figs-explicit | ὁ χρυσὸς ὑμῶν καὶ ὁ ἄργυρος κατίωται | 1 | Your gold and silver have been tarnished | Depending on the meaning of the statement “you have stored up in the last days” (see the first note to that statement below), James may be saying figuratively that the gold and silver of the rich have become worthless. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 494 | JAS | 5 | 3 | q4pm | figs-simile | ὁ χρυσὸς ὑμῶν καὶ ὁ ἄργυρος κατίωται | 1 | Your gold and silver have been tarnished | If you decide to indicate explicitly that James is saying that the gold and silver of the rich have become worthless, you could do that by expressing his past-for-future statement as a simile, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 495 | JAS | 5 | 3 | j300 | καὶ ὁ ἰὸς αὐτῶν εἰς μαρτύριον ὑμῖν ἔσται | 1 | and their rust will be for a testimony against you | If you created a verse bridge and you also combined the statement “your gold and silver have been tarnished” with the two clauses in [5:2](../05/02.md), it would be helpful to begin a new sentence here and to use a general expression that would apply to everything that these rich people own. Alternate translation: “The ruins of your possessions will be for a testimony against you” or “The ruins of your possessions will testify against you” | |
| 496 | JAS | 5 | 3 | e55t | figs-metaphor | ὁ ἰὸς αὐτῶν εἰς μαρτύριον ὑμῖν ἔσται | 1 | their rust will be for a testimony against you | James is speaking figuratively of this **rust** as if it would be presented as evidence in a case against the rich people. Alternate translation: “the rust on your gold and silver will show that you did the wrong thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 497 | JAS | 5 | 3 | j301 | figs-explicit | ὁ ἰὸς αὐτῶν εἰς μαρτύριον ὑμῖν ἔσται | 1 | their rust will be for a testimony against you | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what wrong thing these rich people have done, as evidenced by this **rust**. Alternate translation: “the rust of your gold and silver will show that you have done the wrong thing by devoting yourselves to accumulating wealth rather than to helping other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 498 | JAS | 5 | 3 | w3aj | figs-metonymy | φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ | 1 | it will eat your flesh | James is using the word **flesh** to mean the human body, by association with the way the body is made of flesh. Alternate translation: “it will eat your bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 499 | JAS | 5 | 3 | j6fe | figs-metaphor | φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ | 1 | it will eat your flesh | James is saying figuratively that this rust will corrode and consume the owners of the gold and silver that it is also corroding. Alternate translation: “it will consume you” or “it will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 500 | JAS | 5 | 3 | i37x | figs-simile | ὡς πῦρ | 1 | like fire | It may be helpful to express the meaning of this simile more fully. Alternate translation: “just as fire consumes everything that it burns” or “just as fire ruins everything that it burns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 501 | JAS | 5 | 3 | j302 | figs-explicit | ἐθησαυρίσατε ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | 1 | You have stored up in the last days | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what these rich people have **stored up** and why it was wrong for them to do that. This could mean: (1) James may be saying that they have accumulated riches in the **last days**, that is, in the time just before Jesus returns. That would be wrong because once Jesus returns, earthly riches will no longer have any value. Instead of trying to get more and more wealth, these people should have been helping others with what they had. Alternate translation: “Instead of helping others, you have wrongly stored up wealth at a time when earthly riches are about to lose all of their value” (2) James may be saying that by their wrongdoing, such as he describes in [5:4-6](../05/04.md), these rich people have **stored up** punishment for themselves. Alternate translation: “God is just about to punish wrongdoers, and you have given God many reasons to punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 502 | JAS | 5 | 3 | j303 | grammar-connect-logic-result | ἐθησαυρίσατε ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | 1 | You have stored up in the last days | If the first interpretation of this statement in the note just above is correct, then James is giving the reason for the results that he describes in the previous verse and in the earlier part of this verse. If you created a verse bridge as described in the first note to [5:2](../05/02.md), you could put this reason before the result by placing this statement first in that bridge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 503 | JAS | 5 | 3 | np1u | figs-idiom | ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | 1 | the last days | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the time just before Jesus returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 504 | JAS | 5 | 4 | j304 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, ὁ μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν | 1 | Behold, the pay of the workers | The term **Behold** focuses the attention of a listener or reader on what a speaker or writer is about to say. It may be helpful to express its meaning as a separate sentence here. Alternate translation: “Consider this! The pay of the workers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 505 | JAS | 5 | 4 | j305 | figs-activepassive | ὁ μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν, τῶν ἀμησάντων τὰς χώρας ὑμῶν, ὁ ἀφυστερημένος ἀφ’ ὑμῶν, κράζει | 1 | the pay of the workers who have reaped your fields, which has been withheld from you, is crying out | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. When James says **from you**, he does not mean that this payment has been withheld from the rich owners of these fields. He is saying that it was due from them, but they have not paid it to their workers. Alternate translation: “the pay that you have withheld from the workers who reaped your fields is crying out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 506 | JAS | 5 | 4 | e9iy | figs-personification | κράζει | 1 | is crying out | James is speaking figuratively of this **pay** as if it were a living thing that could cry out. Alternate translation: “is obvious evidence that you have done wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 507 | JAS | 5 | 4 | n21a | figs-metonymy | αἱ βοαὶ τῶν θερισάντων, εἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ εἰσελήλυθαν | 1 | the cries of the harvesting ones have entered into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth | James is speaking figuratively of the **ears** of the Lord to mean his hearing. Alternate translation: “the Lord of Sabaoth has heard the cries of the harvesting ones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 508 | JAS | 5 | 4 | j306 | figs-explicit | Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ | 1 | the Lord of Sabaoth | James assumes that his readers will know that he is speaking of God by a name by which he is often known in the Old Testament. The Hebrew term **Sabaoth** means “military forces.” Alternate translation: “God, the Lord of the Heavenly Armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 509 | JAS | 5 | 4 | j307 | figs-metonymy | Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ | 1 | the Lord of Sabaoth | James may be speaking figuratively of God’s almighty power by association with the way that God has all the armies of heaven at his command. Alternate translation: “God, the Lord Almighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 510 | JAS | 5 | 5 | j308 | figs-parallelism | ἐτρυφήσατε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. καὶ ἐσπαταλήσατε | 1 | You have lived luxuriously on the earth and have lived self-indulgently | These two phrases mean similar things. James is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “You have indulged yourselves with earthly luxuries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 511 | JAS | 5 | 5 | xt8h | figs-metaphor | ἐθρέψατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σφαγῆς | 1 | You have fattened your hearts in a day of slaughter | James is speaking figuratively of these rich people as if they were cattle that had been fed luxuriously on grain so they would become fattened for slaughter as banqueting food. In this case the banquet is not a positive image, as it often is elsewhere when it describes God’s future reign. Alternate translation: “Your self-indulgence has made you subject to harsh judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 512 | JAS | 5 | 5 | pr31 | figs-metaphor | ἐθρέψατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σφαγῆς | 1 | You have fattened your hearts | James is speaking figuratively of the heart as the center of human desire. Alternate translation: “You have indulged your desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 513 | JAS | 5 | 5 | j309 | figs-idiom | ἐν ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | in a day | James is using the term **day** figuratively to refer to a particular time. Alternate translation: “at a time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 514 | JAS | 5 | 5 | j310 | figs-metaphor | ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σφαγῆς | 1 | in a day of slaughter | James is using the idea of **slaughter** figuratively to refer to God’s judgment. Alternate translation: “at a time when God is about to judge everyone for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 515 | JAS | 5 | 6 | u5c5 | figs-synecdoche | κατεδικάσατε, ἐφονεύσατε τὸν δίκαιον | 1 | You have condemned, you have killed the righteous | James probably does not mean that these rich people have done these things personally. He is likely referring to the kind of actions he described in [2:6](../02/06.md), where he told how rich people “overpower” the poor by taking them to court. He may mean that the rich people have gotten the courts to condemn innocent people and in some cases even to execute them. He could also mean that the rich people have gotten the courts to decide lawsuits in their favor and that as a result, some poor people have died because of the great poverty this caused them. James would be speaking figuratively of the rich people as the ones who did these actions, using them to represent all the people who were involved. Alternate translation: “You have gotten the courts to condemn and even execute innocent people” or “You have gotten the courts to decide lawsuits in your favor and, as a result, innocent people have died from poverty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 516 | JAS | 5 | 6 | j311 | figs-nominaladj | τὸν δίκαιον | 1 | the righteous | James is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to refer to a type of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the righteous person” or “the innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 517 | JAS | 5 | 6 | lq6p | figs-genericnoun | τὸν δίκαιον | 1 | the righteous | The expression **the righteous** refers to righteous people in general, not to one specific person. Alternate translation: “righteous people” or “innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 518 | JAS | 5 | 6 | z7w1 | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἀντιτάσσεται ὑμῖν | 1 | He does not resist you | This could mean: (1) It may mean implicitly that the innocent people are not able to resist what the rich people are doing. Alternate translation: “He is not able to resist you” (2) It may mean that the innocent people wanted a peaceful resolution and were not fighting back. Alternate translation: “You have done this even though the innocent person wanted a peaceful resolution” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 519 | JAS | 5 | 6 | j312 | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἀντιτάσσεται ὑμῖν | 1 | He does not resist you | In light of everything that James says in [5:1-6](../05/01.md), the implications are that even though these innocent people are not able to defend themselves, God will defend them by judging and punishing these rich people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 520 | JAS | 5 | 7 | a4sv | grammar-connect-logic-result | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | James uses **Therefore** to introduce a description of what his readers should do as a result of what he has just said about rich people. He is referring specifically to what he said about God’s judgment being imminent. Alternate translation: “Because you know that God will soon judge the people who are oppressing you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 521 | JAS | 5 | 7 | j313 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 522 | JAS | 5 | 7 | wgk4 | ἕως τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | until the coming of the Lord | James is referring to Jesus by a respectful title. Alternate translation: “until Jesus returns” or “until the Lord Jesus returns” | |
| 523 | JAS | 5 | 7 | j314 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, | 1 | Behold, | The term **Behold** focuses the attention of a listener or reader on what a speaker or writer is about to say. James is using the word here to introduce an analogy, as he makes clear at the start of the next verse. So it may be helpful to express the meaning of **behold** as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “Consider this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 524 | JAS | 5 | 7 | y4er | figs-genericnoun | ὁ γεωργὸς ἐκδέχεται | 1 | the farmer awaits | The expression **the farmer** refers to farmers in general, not to one specific farmer. Alternate translation: “a farmer awaits” or “farmers await” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 525 | JAS | 5 | 7 | j315 | τὸν τίμιον καρπὸν τῆς γῆς | 1 | the valuable fruit of the earth | James uses the word **fruit** in a broad sense to mean things that plants produce that are good for food. He does not mean only the kind of fruit that grows on trees and vines. Alternate translation: “the valuable crops that grow from the earth” | |
| 526 | JAS | 5 | 7 | j316 | writing-pronouns | μακροθυμῶν ἐπ’ αὐτῷ ἕως λάβῃ | 1 | waiting patiently for it until it receives | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could specify what the pronoun **it** refers to in each of these cases. Alternate translation: “waiting patiently for this fruit until the earth receives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 527 | JAS | 5 | 7 | j317 | figs-nominaladj | πρόϊμον καὶ ὄψιμον | 1 | the early and the late | James is using the adjectives **early** and **late** as nouns to refer to types of rain. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “the rain that comes early in the growing season and the rain that comes late in the growing season” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 528 | JAS | 5 | 7 | j318 | figs-explicit | πρόϊμον καὶ ὄψιμον | 1 | the early and the late | If it would be helpful to your readers, particularly if they would not be familiar with rainfed agriculture, you could say why these farmers needed to wait for rain to fall on their crops. UST models one way to do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 529 | JAS | 5 | 8 | j319 | μακροθυμήσατε καὶ ὑμεῖς | 1 | You also wait patiently | Here James makes clear that what he said about farmers in the previous verse was an analogy for his readers. Alternate translation: “You should also wait patiently, just as a farmer does” | |
| 530 | JAS | 5 | 8 | bbn1 | figs-metaphor | στηρίξατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν | 1 | Strengthen your hearts | James is using the **heart** figuratively to represent the will. Alternate translation: “Stay committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 531 | JAS | 5 | 8 | jw3b | ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Κυρίου ἤγγικεν | 1 | the coming of the Lord has come near | James is referring to Jesus by a respectful title. (By **near** he means near in time. This is not a spatial metaphor.) Alternate translation: “Jesus will return soon” or “the Lord Jesus will return soon” | |
| 532 | JAS | 5 | 9 | k74r | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 533 | JAS | 5 | 9 | z3p7 | figs-activepassive | μὴ κριθῆτε | 1 | you may be not judged | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “God may not judge you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 534 | JAS | 5 | 9 | ita4 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ, ὁ κριτὴς | 1 | Behold, the judge | The term **Behold** focuses the attention of a listener or reader on what a speaker or writer is about to say. Alternate translation: “Be aware that the judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 535 | JAS | 5 | 9 | g938 | figs-metaphor | ὁ κριτὴς πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν ἕστηκεν | 1 | the judge is standing at the door | James is figuratively comparing Jesus to a judge who is just about to walk into a courtroom. Alternate translation: “Jesus will soon return and judge everyone for what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 536 | JAS | 5 | 10 | j320 | ὑπόδειγμα λάβετε, ἀδελφοί, τῆς κακοπαθίας | 1 | Take an example, brothers, of the suffering | Alternate translation: “Take as your example, brothers, the suffering” | |
| 537 | JAS | 5 | 10 | j321 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί | 1 | brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 538 | JAS | 5 | 10 | sic1 | figs-hendiadys | τῆς κακοπαθίας καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας, τοὺς προφήτας | 1 | the suffering and the patience of the prophets | James is expressing a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The word **patience** describes how the prophets endured **suffering**. Alternate translation: “of the patient suffering of the prophets” or “of how patiently the prophets suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 539 | JAS | 5 | 10 | pvs3 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Κυρίου | 1 | in the name of the Lord | James is figuratively using the **name** of the Lord to mean his person and authority. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the Lord” or “with the authority of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 540 | JAS | 5 | 11 | xwr8 | figs-metaphor | ἰδοὺ | 1 | Behold | The term **Behold** focuses the attention of a listener or reader on what a speaker or writer is about to say. Alternate translation: “Indeed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 541 | JAS | 5 | 11 | s3nl | figs-explicit | τὴν ὑπομονὴν Ἰὼβ ἠκούσατε | 1 | You have heard of the endurance of Job | James assumes that his readers will know the story of Job from the Scriptures. If your readers might not be familiar with his story, you could describe it in more detail. Alternate translation: “You know from the Scriptures how a man named Job who lived long ago patiently endured great suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 542 | JAS | 5 | 11 | j322 | figs-metaphor | τὸ τέλος Κυρίου εἴδετε | 1 | you have seen the end of the Lord | James is continuing to refer to the story of Job. This could mean: (1) The word translated **end** may mean “purpose.” In that case, James would be using the term **seen** figuratively to mean “recognized.” Alternate translation: “you have recognized the purpose that the Lord had for Job’s sufferings” (2) The word translated **end** may mean “final result.” In that case, James would be using the term **seen** figuratively to mean “learned.” Alternate translation: “you have learned from the Scriptures how the Lord helped Job in the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 543 | JAS | 5 | 11 | j323 | grammar-connect-logic-result | ὅτι πολύσπλαγχνός ἐστιν ὁ Κύριος καὶ οἰκτίρμων | 1 | that the Lord is greatly compassionate and merciful | This could mean: (1) The word translated **that** may mean “for” and introduce a reason. James may be giving the reason why God was pursuing a good purpose even in Job’s sufferings or why God helped Job in the end. Alternate translation: “for the Lord is very compassionate and merciful” (2) James may be describing something further that his readers would have learned from the story of Job. Alternate translation: “and you have realized from this story that the Lord is greatly compassionate and merciful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 544 | JAS | 5 | 12 | fug7 | figs-metaphor | πρὸ πάντων | 1 | before all | James is using a spatial metaphor to emphasize the importance of what he is about to say. Your language may use a different spatial metaphor. Alternate translation: “above all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 545 | JAS | 5 | 12 | bjt3 | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | my brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 546 | JAS | 5 | 12 | s755 | μὴ ὀμνύετε | 1 | do not swear | Here, to **swear** means to guarantee, by appealing to something that is considered to be certain and reliable, that a statement is true or that an action will be performed. Alternate translation: “do not make an oath” or “do not make a vow” | |
| 547 | JAS | 5 | 12 | j324 | figs-ellipsis | ἤτω…ὑμῶν τὸ ναὶ, ναὶ, καὶ τὸ οὒ, οὔ | 1 | let your “Yes” be “Yes” and “No,” “No” | In the second phrase, James is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the first phrase. Alternate translation: “let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes’ and let your ‘No’ be ‘No’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 548 | JAS | 5 | 12 | m3ve | ἤτω…ὑμῶν τὸ ναὶ, ναὶ, καὶ τὸ οὒ, οὔ | 1 | let your “Yes” be “Yes” and “No,” “No” | Alternate translation: “simply give your word, without making an oath” | |
| 549 | JAS | 5 | 12 | f6mx | figs-metaphor | ἵνα μὴ ὑπὸ κρίσιν πέσητε | 1 | so that you may not fall under judgment | James is speaking figuratively of **judgment** as something that a person might **fall under**. Alternate translation: “so that you will not be judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 550 | JAS | 5 | 12 | j325 | figs-explicit | ἵνα μὴ ὑπὸ κρίσιν πέσητε | 1 | so that you may not fall under judgment | If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say more explicitly what this means. Alternate translation: “so that God will not have to judge and punish you for breaking your oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 551 | JAS | 5 | 13 | m3e6 | figs-rquestion | κακοπαθεῖ τις ἐν ὑμῖν? προσευχέσθω | 1 | Is anyone among you suffering hardship? Let him pray | James is not looking for information. He is using the question form to state a condition, and he describes the result in a short sentence right after the question. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the question and that sentence together as a single statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone among you is suffering hardship, then he should pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 552 | JAS | 5 | 13 | wdf7 | figs-rquestion | εὐθυμεῖ τις? ψαλλέτω | 1 | Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise | James is again using the question form to state a condition and describing the result in a following sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the question and that sentence together as a single statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone is cheerful, then he should sing praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 553 | JAS | 5 | 14 | in34 | figs-rquestion | ἀσθενεῖ τις ἐν ὑμῖν? προσκαλεσάσθω τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τῆς ἐκκλησίας, καὶ προσευξάσθωσαν | 1 | Is anyone among you sick? Let him summon the elders of the church, and let them pray | Once again James is using the question form to state a condition and describing the result in a following sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the question and that sentence together as a single statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone among you sick, then he should summon the elders of the church and they should pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) |
| 554 | JAS | 5 | 14 | j326 | προσευξάσθωσαν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν, ἀλείψαντες αὐτὸν ἐλαίῳ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | let them pray over him, having anointed him with oil in the name of the Lord | It is unclear whether James means that the prayer or the anointing is to be done in the name of the Lord. Alternate translation: (1) “let them pray over him in the name of the Lord after they have anointed him with oil” (2) “let them anoint him with oil in the name of the Lord and then pray for him” | |
| 555 | JAS | 5 | 14 | j327 | figs-metaphor | προσευξάσθωσαν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν | 1 | pray over him | James is using a spatial metaphor to indicate that the sick person is the beneficiary of the elders’ prayers. Alternate translation: “pray for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 556 | JAS | 5 | 14 | j328 | translate-unknown | ἀλείψαντες αὐτὸν ἐλαίῳ | 1 | having anointed him with oil | In the biblical culture, anointing people with **oil** was a way of consecrating them to God, but it was also a medical treatment. Since James is talking about a person who is **sick**, he seems to speak of the oil at least in part for its medical value. So he may be telling believers to do what they can practically to help the sick person recover, in addition to praying for him. If your readers would not recognize that the medical benefits were one reason why James says to anoint the sick person with oil, you could include an explanation in your translation or in a note, or you could translate this with a general expression. Alternate translation: “having done what they can to help him practically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 557 | JAS | 5 | 14 | fik7 | figs-metonymy | ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου | 1 | in the name of the Lord | James is figuratively using the **name** of the Lord to mean his person and authority. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the Lord” or “with the authority of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 558 | JAS | 5 | 15 | qiw4 | figs-possession | ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα | 1 | the prayer of faith will save the sick | James is using the possessive form to describe **prayer** that is characterized by **faith**. Alternate translation: “the prayer that is offered in faith will save the sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 559 | JAS | 5 | 15 | j329 | figs-possession | ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα | 1 | the prayer of faith will save the sick | James is using the word translated **save** in one of its senses to mean “heal.” (He uses a more specific word to mean “healed” in the next verse.) Alternate translation: “the prayer that is offered in faith will heal the sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 560 | JAS | 5 | 15 | j330 | figs-nominaladj | ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα | 1 | the prayer of faith will save the sick | James is using the adjective **sick** as a noun in order to indicate a type of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the prayer that is offered in faith will heal the sick person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 561 | JAS | 5 | 15 | c8q6 | figs-personification | ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα | 1 | the prayer of faith will save the sick | James is speaking figuratively of this **prayer** as if it would heal the sick person itself. Alternate translation: “in answer to this prayer that is offered in faith, God will heal the sick person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 562 | JAS | 5 | 15 | ei3q | figs-metonymy | ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ Κύριος | 1 | the Lord will raise him up | James is speaking figuratively of the sick person’s restoration to health by association with the way that the person will get **up** out of bed when he recovers. Alternate translation: “the Lord will make him well” or “the Lord will enable him to resume his regular activities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 563 | JAS | 5 | 15 | j331 | figs-activepassive | ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ | 1 | it will be forgiven to him | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will forgive him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 564 | JAS | 5 | 16 | dl5k | grammar-connect-logic-result | οὖν | 1 | Therefore | James uses **Therefore** to introduce something that believers should do as a result of what he said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain in more detail what he means, as UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 565 | JAS | 5 | 16 | mzk8 | figs-activepassive | ἰαθῆτε | 1 | you may be healed | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “God may heal you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 566 | JAS | 5 | 16 | j332 | πολὺ ἰσχύει δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη | 1 | The working prayer of the righteous is very strong | The term **working** has the sense of an adverb rather than an adjective. Alternate translation: “The prayer of the righteous is very strong as it is working” or “The prayer of the righteous is very strong in its effects” | |
| 567 | JAS | 5 | 16 | j333 | figs-nominaladj | πολὺ ἰσχύει δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη | 1 | The working prayer of the righteous is very strong | James is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun in order to indicate a type of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “The working prayer of a person who is righteous is very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 568 | JAS | 5 | 16 | zk62 | figs-personification | πολὺ ἰσχύει δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη | 1 | The working prayer of the righteous is very strong | James is speaking figuratively of **prayer** as if it were a living thing that was **very strong** by itself. Alternate translation: “When a person who is righteous prays, God does very powerful things in response” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 569 | JAS | 5 | 17 | j334 | figs-explicit | Ἠλείας | 1 | Elijah | James assumes that his readers will know from the Scriptures about this episode in Elijah’s life. If your readers might not be familiar with it, you could describe it in more detail. Alternate translation: “You know from the Scriptures how a prophet named Elijah who lived long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 570 | JAS | 5 | 17 | j335 | figs-explicit | ὁμοιοπαθὴς ἡμῖν | 1 | of similar passions to us | This expression means that Elijah had the same feelings as any other human being. In context, James is indicating specifically that he too had the kind of feelings that make it difficult for people to pray. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “who had the same doubts and fears that we all do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 571 | JAS | 5 | 17 | vhw2 | figs-explicitinfo | προσευχῇ προσηύξατο | 1 | he prayed with prayer | To indicate that Elijah prayed intensely, James is using an indirect object with a verb that comes from the same root. If your language uses a similar construction, it would be appropriate to have it here in your translation. But if this construction would seem to express unnecessary extra information in your language, you could express this emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “he prayed intensely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) |
| 572 | JAS | 5 | 18 | j336 | writing-pronouns | πάλιν προσηύξατο | 1 | he prayed again | The pronoun **he** refers to Elijah. Alternate translation: “Elijah prayed again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 573 | JAS | 5 | 18 | zwc9 | figs-personification | ὁ οὐρανὸς ὑετὸν ἔδωκεν | 1 | the heaven gave rain | In this context, **the heaven** means “the sky.” James is speaking figuratively of the sky as if it were a living thing that **gave rain**. Alternate translation: “rain fell from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 574 | JAS | 5 | 18 | yi7m | figs-personification | ἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς | 1 | the earth produced its fruit | James is speaking figuratively of the **earth** as if it were a living thing that **produced fruit**. As in [5:7](../05/07.md), James is using the word **fruit** in a broad sense to mean things that plants produce that are good for food. He does not mean only the kind of fruit that grows on trees and vines. Alternate translation: “crops grew from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 575 | JAS | 5 | 19 | xr4l | figs-metaphor | ἀδελφοί μου | 1 | My brothers | See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “My fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 576 | JAS | 5 | 19 | dv4v | figs-metaphor | ἐάν τις ἐν ὑμῖν πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | if anyone among you may have been led astray from the truth | As in [1:16](../01/16.md), James is speaking figuratively as if a deceptive guide may have led one of his readers in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: “if anyone among you may have been deceived regarding the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 577 | JAS | 5 | 19 | j337 | figs-activepassive | ἐάν τις ἐν ὑμῖν πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | if anyone among you may have been led astray from the truth | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “if someone may have deceived anyone among you regarding the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 578 | JAS | 5 | 19 | j338 | figs-abstractnouns | τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | the truth | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective such as “true.” Alternate translation: “what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 579 | JAS | 5 | 19 | j339 | figs-metaphor | ἐπιστρέψῃ τις αὐτόν | 1 | someone turns him back | James is continuing the metaphor of someone guiding a person in the right direction. Alternate translation: “someone corrects him” or “someone shows him what is actually true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 580 | JAS | 5 | 20 | j340 | writing-pronouns | γινωσκέτω | 1 | let him know | The pronoun **him** refers to the person who corrects another believer who has been deceived. Alternate translation: “the person who corrects the deceived believer should know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) |
| 581 | JAS | 5 | 20 | j341 | figs-possession | ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ | 1 | the one who turns back a sinner from the wandering of his way | James is using the possessive form to describe a **way** or path that is characterized by **wandering**. Alternate translation: “the one who turns back a sinner who has wandered away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) |
| 582 | JAS | 5 | 20 | xg1y | figs-metaphor | ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ | 1 | the one who turns back a sinner from the wandering of his way | The expressions **turns back** and **wandering** continue the metaphor of someone guiding a person in the right direction. Alternate translation: “anyone who corrects a sinner who has stopped doing what God wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 583 | JAS | 5 | 20 | j342 | figs-metonymy | σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου | 1 | will save his soul from death | James is speaking figuratively as if this person’s actions would save the sinner’s soul from death. But James means by association that God will use those actions to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. Alternate translation: “will be an instrument of God’s work to save the sinner’s soul from death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 584 | JAS | 5 | 20 | pd78 | figs-metaphor | σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου | 1 | will save his soul from death | James seems to be speaking not of literal, physical death but of spiritual death, that is, of eternal separation from God. Alternate translation: “from spiritual death” (as in UST) or “from eternal separation from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 585 | JAS | 5 | 20 | j343 | figs-synecdoche | σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου | 1 | will save his soul from death | However, some interpreters believe that James actually is speaking of literal, physical death. They believe he is saying that a person who stops his sinful lifestyle will not experience physical death as a consequence of his sin. In that case, James would be using one part of a person, his **soul**, to mean all of the person. Alternate translation: “will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 586 | JAS | 5 | 20 | rh4d | figs-metaphor | καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | 1 | will cover a multitude of sins | James is speaking figuratively of one person’s sins as if they were objects that another person could cover so that God would not see them. He means that by helping a sinner to repent, another believer can help that sinner to be forgiven. Alternate translation: “will help him to be forgiven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |