test_org_en_tn/tn_PRO.tsv

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2front:introspe40# Introduction to Proverbs\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:17)\n1. Collection of teachings (1:89:18)\n1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:122:16)\n1. Words of wise men (22:1724:22)\n1. More words of wise men (24:2334)\n1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:129:27)\n1. The words of Agur (30:133)\n1. The words of Lemuel (31:19)\n1. A good wife praised (31:1031)\n\n### What is the book of Proverbs about?\n\nA proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Words for Wise People,” “Words that Give Wisdom,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain ones honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What form do the individual proverbs have?\n\nMost proverbs have two parts or two lines that are “parallel” to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### How should personification be represented in translation?\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
31:introy4et0# Proverbs 01 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
41:1q6pnrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry0Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
51:2iaq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61:2rs3p0“to help you understand wise teachings”
71:3ew1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you0Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
81:3aun5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
91:4be4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
101:4j62d0inexperienced or immature
111:4p2carc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
121:4wxv50knowing what should be done in a particular situation
131:5lrm20“Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more”
141:5r7sn0“let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions”
151:6rcl90sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them
161:7r9nd0A father teaches his child.
171:7ga710This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
181:7l9za0“those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools”
191:8p2x9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom that means “do not ignore” or “do not reject” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
201:9qxp8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. Alternate translation: “they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211:9h55y0an woven circle made of leaves or flowers
221:9l3ql0jewelry that is worn around the neck
231:10y9bt0“try to persuade you to sin as they do”
241:10e1wu0“refuse them” or “do not listen to them”
251:11f89hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo0Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
261:11nvn90“hide and wait for the right time”
271:12b8bq0Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin.
281:12w4w6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
291:12jg5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
301:12kea40The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
311:12ayt40Possible meanings are (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
321:14x2p6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
331:14l56rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341:14ci4y0a bag for carrying money
351:15t25urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. Alternate translation: “do not go with the sinners or do what they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
361:16vap2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
371:16v6fcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they run” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
381:16m7uirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “blood” represents a persons life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
391:17g5jdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
401:18ulr3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](../01/17.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. Alternate translation: “But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
411:18b16mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To lie in wait is to hide, ready to do something wicked. Alternate translation: “It is as if they are looking for an opportunity to kill themselves” or “They themselves will be killed because they try to kill others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421:18vs5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “blood” is a metonym for a violent death. Alternate translation: “to kill themselves violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
431:18rih3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “their own lives” is a metonym for themselves. Alternate translation: “it is as if they are the ones who are waiting to suddenly attack and kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
441:19fz7src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A persons fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
451:19su23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. Alternate translation: “it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461:20xza5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
471:20pj5irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
481:20u7zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
491:20pj5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
501:21ggk10Possible meanings are (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
511:22jk3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
521:22v3nj0inexperienced or immature
531:22j83hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
541:23v9unrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
551:23uv1b0“Listen carefully”
561:23t4c9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
571:23c7ci0“I will tell you what I think”
581:24i835rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
591:26y4fk0Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.
601:26r8lxrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases0This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
611:26p97h0“when bad things happen to you”
621:27kd9mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
631:27uy590a very strong wind storm that causes damage
641:28m9t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
651:28g5w70“Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help”
661:29xk1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
671:29iu3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “fear” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
681:30h1ds0“would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice”
691:31nr9k0Verse 33 ends wisdoms statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](../01/22.md).
701:31wkf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here a persons behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. Alternate translation: “experience the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
711:31c1jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full.” A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. Alternate translation: “they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
721:32t8af0inexperienced or immature
731:32d3pkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “die because they refuse to learn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
741:32le64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “indifference” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “fools will die because they do not care about what should be done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
751:32cmi90a lack of interest about something
762:introwr6i0# Proverbs 02 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
772:1gj7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
782:1wtm10“if you listen to what I am teaching you”
792:1jh3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
802:2an5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
812:2w1ilrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
822:2gme3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “heart” represents a persons mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate ones mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
832:3j5n7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
842:3q192rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
852:4ci1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
862:4ll3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
872:5h49hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
882:6g5bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
892:7jn6brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
902:7dv7k0“dependable”
912:7m2mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
922:7u4zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
932:8qt7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Possible meanings are (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a persons life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
942:8t2qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A persons life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
952:9qn9x0fairness
962:9ex8yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
972:10kf4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “heart” represents a persons inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a persons heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
982:10z4e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
992:11jbm7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1002:11q2th0the quality of being careful in actions and speech
1012:11dnu80to guard, protect or take care of someone or something
1022:12ix2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0“They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1032:12vs4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1042:13a5k8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1052:13tc6p0The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
1062:13q9by0to leave and never return to someone or something
1072:14e5710“They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md).
1082:14t4yzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1092:15jpq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1102:15lsl5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1112:16erj50The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.
1122:16p5k9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1132:17c2iu0This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
1142:17awb40This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
1152:18dn9d0Possible meanings are (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
1162:18kl7yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Possible meanings are (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1172:18hwl4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1182:19n7tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism0This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1192:19zg4r0Possible meanings are (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
1202:20ts710The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
1212:20fiw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A persons conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way … follow the example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1222:22r5smrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1232:22w94mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked … those who are faithless” or “wicked people … faithless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1242:22cmv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1253:introa94e0# Proverbs 03 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
1263:1p6r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1273:1f5cvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1283:1tk78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1293:2r3iarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a persons life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1303:3w5inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1313:3xj6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1323:3i4ptrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the heart represents a persons mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1333:4g3fyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1343:5w345rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1353:5m1v4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of relying on ones own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1363:6c7brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1373:6m1v6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh making a persons actions prosperous as if that persons actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1383:7y6isrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a persons opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1393:7au5src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1403:8du95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1413:9thp20“all the food you harvest”
1423:10z9amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1433:10y7db0buildings or rooms where food is stored
1443:10vtx60your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
1453:11f4sx0The writer writes as a father teaching his son.
1463:12gpk5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0“a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the fathers affection for the son, and not to the fathers approval of the sons behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1473:13d1nqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1483:14gy740This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
1493:15y2ylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1503:15vxz80“more valuable”
1513:16p6g3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1523:16k6irrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom refers to the duration of persons life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1533:17mfb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1543:18le9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1553:18l7hn0“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
1563:18ka8x0“those who hold on to its fruit”
1573:19c1nfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth … made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1583:20ulw3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1593:20b6d20water that forms on the ground at night
1603:21xa9frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1613:22mr5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1623:22x4q3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1633:22r2k80Possible meanings are (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahwehs favor.”
1643:23k64jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of living ones life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1653:23d5hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1663:24f69hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1673:24q2v4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1683:25ds94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1693:26aw88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0“Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another persons side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1703:26z3yerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1713:27yl8a0“Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
1723:27sqz50“when you are able to help”
1733:28e1qg0“when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
1743:31pae7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not … choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1753:32eu7k0“Yahweh detests the devious person”
1763:32n8ed0the person who is dishonest or deceitful
1773:32uy1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1783:33h6nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahwehs curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked persons house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1793:33q866rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1803:34kb65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahwehs favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1813:35y7vzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1823:35b6jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1834:introz4ah0# Proverbs 04 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
1844:1hqv10The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
1854:1zck60“listen carefully”
1864:1s4lm0“you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
1874:2paf30“What I am teaching you is good”
1884:3y999rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his fathers care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1894:3n5kerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys0Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1904:4b7y3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” represents the persons mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1914:5rat90The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.
1924:5ft420“Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
1934:5fb3y0“remember”
1944:5m3uv0“accept”
1954:5su5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1964:6zc73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1974:6vrf50This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
1984:6h75g0“love wisdom”
1994:7zu2p0The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
2004:7guq50“value understanding more than all you own”
2014:8pa2irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2024:8x13z0to feel or show great love for someone or something
2034:8k4flrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2044:9z38erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that persons head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2054:9beu80a woven circle made of leaves or flowers
2064:9z184rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that persons head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2074:10p1f40“listen carefully to what I teach you”
2084:10l7bx0“you will live many years”
2094:11h1qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2104:12xxp4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2114:13d7gkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2124:13ljf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The writer speaks of discipline preserving a persons life as if it were that persons life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2134:14gi8lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2144:15cr8d0“Avoid the path of the wicked”
2154:16n1jzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2164:16a2jqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2174:16bvp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2184:17vfi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Possible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2194:18w7hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2204:18etf9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2214:18i5k70This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
2224:18jv88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2234:19bqj5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2244:19mj9lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2254:19m9yhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2264:20w8jd0“listen carefully”
2274:20kji2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2284:21zdv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2294:21a189rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within ones heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2304:22jnu1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The writer speaks of his words preserving a persons life as if they were that persons life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2314:22lby5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2324:22d57yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2334:23pf19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” represents a persons mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2344:23klv30with constant and earnest effort
2354:23n8vdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a persons life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2364:24a2swrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2374:25il8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2384:26nt2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a persons actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2394:26g2a20“a smooth path” or “an even path”
2404:26xyn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2414:27h89urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism0The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2424:27j3tnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2435:introjxf10# Proverbs 05 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
2445:1vi270The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
2455:1nl9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2465:2cei40Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to ones actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
2475:2la7frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the persons lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2485:3zxr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Possible meanings are (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2495:3z9rmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Possible meanings are (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2505:4pd3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2515:4m3sn0a plant that tastes bitter
2525:4jy84rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2535:5kc88rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2545:5g7qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2555:6nxc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2565:6iki30Possible meanings are (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
2575:7dwp80Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
2585:7ry9irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2595:7e4q8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2605:7ih1hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2615:8y32erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “path” represents the persons daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2625:8jw5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2635:9pl7u0“If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
2645:9b54w0Possible meanings for the word “honor” are (1) it refers to ones reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to ones wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of ones life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
2655:9bc5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2665:9yb9a0This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
2675:10d9brrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another persons wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2685:10ksf3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “house” represents the persons family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2695:11la5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0The words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2705:11i4yh0“physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy”
2715:12x4dirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2725:12m4grrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations0The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2735:12b7lfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2745:13kvf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2755:14he4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the persons community that has gathered together either (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2765:15f76jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2775:15t8avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2785:16pe1src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not … your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2795:16u3uarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism0Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are (1) sleeping with women other than ones wife is spoken of as if it were allowing ones water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than ones wife is spoken of as if it were allowing ones water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2805:16ss2w0Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
2815:17f7ge0The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
2825:17s9wf0“do not share them with strangers”
2835:18xd81rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the sons wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2845:18tz7f0Possible meanings are (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
2855:19n93jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the sons wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2865:19dv450This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
2875:19x1vqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Possible meanings are (1) the wifes breasts excite the husbands sexual desire and possibly represent the wifes entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wifes breasts satisfying the husbands desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mothers breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2885:19pb8mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of ones wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2895:19elf20Possible meanings are (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
2905:20d78frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2915:20z71krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2925:20zr1urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2935:20x9gw0Possible meanings are (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another mans wife.”
2945:21jh86rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2955:21p1arrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a persons actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2965:22u9yarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked persons own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2975:22he5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2985:23x16krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2995:23n1a70“because he is very foolish”
3006:introxq950# Proverbs 06 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThe latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n### Numbers\n\nOccasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author will use rhetorical questions to draw the readers attention to important points. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as types\n\nThe gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
3016:1sb1brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3026:1z2560Possible meanings are (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
3036:1p3wd0This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
3046:2p9iurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3056:2qta70“what you said” or “what you promised to do”
3066:3d6yp0“protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems”
3076:3zn5urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3086:3mzx90“friend”
3096:4be5irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0“Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3106:4n831rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself … yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3116:5xjb30“Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter”
3126:5lcv30This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.
3136:5ffv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The hand of the hunter refers to the hunters control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3146:5fn1g0“and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter”
3156:6il7a0“Study … think about” or “carefully observe … ponder”
3166:6xh1r0An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.
3176:6uze2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3186:7tmb7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3196:8w9jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3206:8c8we0Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.
3216:9r6u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3226:10q6ab0These are the kinds of things that lazy people say.
3236:10f9h7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3246:10c54prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3256:11qm7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3266:11zz4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3276:11r7zarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3286:11vt3g0“a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon”
3296:12sk3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3306:12q9lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3316:13b2zu0All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.
3326:13kq860If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.
3336:14za5w0“He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds”
3346:14bbx60“he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it”
3356:15n8uw0“For that reason”
3366:15fz64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3376:15j5gd0This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.
3386:15h6bm0Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.”
3396:16it1erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3406:16akh60“that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him”
3416:17zib90This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md).
3426:17kpi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3436:17cip30“kill” or “murder”
3446:18jq4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3456:18ex5v0“evil plans”
3466:19g2tzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3476:19r9n10See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](../06/14.md).
3486:19avm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3496:20e5gmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3506:20u11drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3516:21qz2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3526:21b76k0“love them” or “think about them”
3536:22r61qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3546:22hw2rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3556:23u5p1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3566:23s8lqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3576:23n5j20“the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of”
3586:24p7azrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person0Here the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](../06/20.md). Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3596:24sjp30These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
3606:24sw140“morally evil”
3616:25ty32rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the womans eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3626:25rx3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3636:25m7d2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3646:25f4km0“gain control over you”
3656:25vnr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a mans attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3666:26p3jv0This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
3676:26k5fu0Possible meanings are (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
3686:27gzh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3696:27sew80“without destroying” or “and not destroy”
3706:27pt18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3716:28r98zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0Walking on hot coals will scorch a persons feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3726:28tw8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3736:28fy6m0That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.
3746:28kf2l0“burning”
3756:29gh7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism0This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbors wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3766:30fwq50“do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil”
3776:31n1t7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3786:31b9nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3796:32s8mh0“The person” or “The man”
3806:33m2lu0“the appropriate punishment for what he has done”
3816:33t99krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3826:33c8nhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3836:34lyk40very angry
3846:34qsy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0The “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3856:34rc710“in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge”
3866:34tk3n0If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.
3876:35b2ym0payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
3886:35fly2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3896:35pc8x0“off. This will be true even if”
3907:intropk5f0# Proverbs 07 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\nMany of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
3917:1at6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3927:1k635rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here Gods commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3937:2a8m4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3947:2xfb2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3957:3g5jvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Possible meanings are (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember Gods commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3967:3c4yyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here the heart represents a persons mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3977:4jn44rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3987:4z4x8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3997:4j17k0“relative” or “family member”
4007:5xkl20This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with”
4017:5y9gh0This refers to any woman who is not known to a man.
4027:5s2510Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you”
4037:6v7n10a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern
4047:7ie510inexperienced or immature
4057:8i1kl0Here “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 7:5](../07/05.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing”
4067:8v7v40This refers to where two roads meet.
4077:9zn5n0the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night
4087:10bu68rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4097:11vkd80“She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to”
4107:11es4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4117:12h64frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4127:13l1ic0the woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md)
4137:13sa2m0“took hold of him firmly”
4147:13vef7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Here “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a persons face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4157:14ei2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4167:15fys2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “face” represents the person and especially the persons presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4177:17g7k40“scattered on my bed”
4187:17ibk70A type of wood from a tree that smells good.
4197:17q1mx0This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.
4207:18h91xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4217:19vc420“is not at home”
4227:20zw960The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.
4237:21ptg3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4247:21ev910The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man.
4257:21l3ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4267:21c6k60“she persuaded him to do something evil” Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her”
4277:22rvi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4287:22tal5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4297:22pk4m0This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.
4307:22qrn60See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/19.md).
4317:23r6zrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4327:23t5u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4337:23i4e60Here this organ represents a very important part of the deers body.
4347:23zvp5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4357:24wen30This is to focus the attention of the speakers sons on the conclusion of this lesson.
4367:25gk8crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the persons behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4377:25wm1hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4387:25l3s9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4397:26xx9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4407:27g21s0Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
4417:27ry42rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the womans victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4427:27prr1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4438:introz8jj0# Proverbs 08 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
4448:1qsc7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4458:1v9h5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4468:1i9hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4478:1pt6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4488:1k4ug0“speak”
4498:3z73y0In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
4508:3nkc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4518:4gv2w0Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36.
4528:4jxm5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4538:4j5l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4548:5er9q0inexperienced or immature
4558:5t3h2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract word “wisdom refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4568:5bg5r0“you must begin to understand things with your mind”
4578:6uv73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “lips” represents a persons mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4588:6a3zk0proper or just
4598:7s9bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4608:7f6mp0“what people should believe”
4618:7juy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4628:7hz9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0Here the abstract noun “wickedness” represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4638:8am3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4648:8btx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4658:9nn5r0honest and clear
4668:9jyh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speakers words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4678:9f1c20true and honest
4688:10w8ks0“You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
4698:11wl6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations0Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
4708:12mj24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4718:12b8xj0caution or good judgment
4728:12jk94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4738:12xcu80being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
4748:13rf210“wicked talk”
4758:13gp8g0turned from what is right
4768:14cnc20“wise suggestions”
4778:14guc90counsel that is given to help someone
4788:14sne90good, reliable
4798:14w3jurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4808:16hg7e0noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
4818:17xz9h0This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
4828:17e3jr0with careful and continued effort
4838:18k7hf0“I have riches and honor”
4848:18a275rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases0This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
4858:18q4810“the ability to live in a right way”
4868:19eyc20what wisdom produces or causes
4878:19rqy30the benefit or gain that wisdom causes
4888:20tks1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4898:20rg74rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4908:21mg4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4918:22xu3p0“I was the first of the things he created then”
4928:23mh2d0“Very long ago”
4938:23v4tq0The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
4948:23mth7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4958:24ii7erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4968:25u2m1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0“Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4978:26z5y4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
4988:26asn50“I was alive”
4998:27nk15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5008:27z8lx0To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
5018:27b5dbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the oceans surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5028:27ae6e0“the ocean”
5038:28q6zzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5048:28wnj80brought into permanent being
5058:28z2v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5068:28zv8f0The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
5078:29pd760“when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
5088:29vk7f0The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
5098:29f3j9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5108:30ph2frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5118:30ky7x0This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
5128:30k4ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0“I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5138:30a22nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5148:31pw910“the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
5158:31wnq9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5168:32ly1a0This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
5178:32hwt3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5188:32m6ibrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here “my ways” represents wisdoms behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5198:33ky6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0“do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
5208:34i55jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are (1) a wise person waits outside wisdoms home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdoms house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5218:35z6lmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5228:36hfn9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5238:36yl6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5248:36w73krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “life” represents the persons self. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5259:introy75r0# Proverbs 09 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
5269:1m12arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5279:1s64drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5289:2x5swrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5299:2ywr6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5309:2h2zm0“she has prepared her table”
5319:3p6e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5329:3akl30These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
5339:3ugn50Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
5349:3n6ha0“she proclaims” or “she summons” Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
5359:3x7980The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
5369:4h6sj0These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let … anyone lacking good sense”
5379:4dj7m0“is inexperienced or immature”
5389:4s4da0“leave his path and come into my house”
5399:5h6ck0These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
5409:5n3eurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you0All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
5419:5stm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5429:6b9marc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you0All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
5439:6ejw3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5449:6f53k0“inexperienced, immature actions”
5459:6lpn8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5469:7x5sc0These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
5479:7vif7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5489:7kjm20Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
5499:7m22a0“receives harsh treatment”
5509:7g88g0“whoever corrects”
5519:8fpc40“Do not correct”
5529:9c8r20These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he … if you teach a righteous person, he”
5539:9y95jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5549:9n1f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5559:10s7rg0These verses finish the message of Wisdom.
5569:10l6yl0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
5579:11uv8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5589:11wpx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5599:11rk9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5609:11u5qfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5619:12z3ez0These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
5629:12zei6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the consequence of ones bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5639:13q38drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5649:13ix9arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5659:13lbv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5669:13tk380“she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
5679:15cqd1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5689:16ck1n0“is inexperienced or immature”
5699:16rs920“leave his path and come here”
5709:16zyq40This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md).
5719:16lfx90“those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
5729:17jsi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5739:18kg4h0“that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
5749:18k1fh0“Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
57510:introfhy50# Proverbs 10 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
57610:1i2ybrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
57710:1tab70After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
57810:2ffz80acquired over time
57910:3df3mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
58010:4e3efrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58110:4yly7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58210:6k7j2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
58310:6y4mbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58410:6k4dp0hides the truth
58510:7e1w8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “name” represents a persons reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
58610:8e7250“be destroyed” or “be made useless”
58710:9ps6l0not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
58810:10mi1krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction0“Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
58910:10p957rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
59010:11f47src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59110:11tv58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun0This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
59210:11h2nyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This persons speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59310:11bz8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59410:11elp1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59510:11jt58rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun0This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
59610:12ph1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
59710:13n8pkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
59810:13ww93rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
59910:14ej72rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60010:15fd3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60110:16im19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60210:17k6n30“The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
60310:17st2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
60410:18d6bjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60510:19zc3arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
60610:20h1pzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60710:20pvj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60810:21h4rrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60910:21kp6k0cause them to develop or grow stronger
61010:23l951rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61110:24xai50overcome someone
61210:25ci43rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
61310:25v58hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61410:26fk5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0“Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a persons teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
61510:26i1xh0a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
61610:27rv8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61710:28pds2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61810:30ub25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
61910:31f7hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous mans words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
62010:31amx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
62110:32y79yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
62210:32ay8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
62311:introuk6v0# Proverbs 11 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
62411:1hzq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
62511:1g3jtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
62611:1pe2q0“Precise weight” represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
62711:3rj24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
62811:4r538rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A persons wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
62911:5lc4r0“has clear direction”
63011:5vhe9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
63111:6v49jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
63211:6b5vy0“those who do evil are captured by their passions”
63311:6rhq70ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
63411:7dz8x0“the confidence he has in his own power”
63511:7zn330“disappears”
63611:8z4amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
63711:8u8730“trouble comes”
63811:9r7vlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63911:11sim1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
64011:11p4sdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
64111:13en2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64211:14a9wq0those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
64311:15j2ce0“one who refuses to give”
64411:16bvh90people without pity or compassion; cruel people
64511:16h7rd0“are greedy for wealth”
64611:17dxp90“a person who”
64711:18imr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64811:18ln8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64911:19ibb60“the person who”
65011:19un2d0“chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
65111:20r5ltrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
65211:21gh2arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
65311:22y2merc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pigs nose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
65411:22fe2p0“without common sense” or “who is foolish”
65511:24x29nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65611:24v6x4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65711:24gmp80“will gain even more”
65811:24p1q70This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
65911:25q9vb0“will gain more”
66011:25lf1i0“the generous person who” or “anyone who”
66111:26eb690This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
66211:26h1qprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66311:27k6ug0the one who seeks with careful and continued effort
66411:28q218rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
66511:28p1e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0“Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
66611:28mf6v0This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
66711:29p1pbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
66811:30q7ulrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
66911:30hlz70See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
67011:31s8p90“even more so”
67112:introx2lg0# Proverbs 12 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
67212:1ktr2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0The author uses [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
67312:1r7h60“Any person who”
67412:1tz7m0“the person who does not want to be told what to do”
67512:1nj5f0“is foolish” or “is unwise”
67612:3nly2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67712:3md5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
67812:4wh4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
67912:4ced6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a persons life. Alternate translation: “a wifes shameful acts destroy her husbands influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
68012:6sw3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68112:6n6s70“the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
68212:6au1h0“the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
68312:7qw8frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68412:7t5c3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a persons ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
68512:8hfu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68612:8hq69rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68712:10uxx40“causes suffering”
68812:11wl9h0“worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
68912:12b6y10This refers to a persons actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a persons words and actions reveal what his character is like.
69012:13ak1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
69112:14z5v9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69212:15lr2lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69312:15wlp90wise suggestions
69412:16n8pr0“is wise” or “has good sense.”
69512:18k26nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
69612:18avt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69712:18mpg60“comforts and heals”
69812:19wm6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
69912:19r5qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70012:20xs9w0those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
70112:21d4ztrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
70212:22x3harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70312:23qi9m0“does not tell everything he knows”
70412:24j53hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70512:24ymw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
70612:25qts20uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
70712:25n82frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70812:25z6n9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “word” can be stated as the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
70912:27gdt70“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
71012:27vz9v0“valuable treasure”
71113:intronh7k0# Proverbs 13 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
71213:1ugs5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71313:1sy9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71413:2zu98rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71513:2w8830the desire or liking for something
71613:2mgn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
71713:3xb3drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71813:3bd6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71913:4c7yc0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md).
72013:4z2sk0“strongly desires but gets nothing”
72113:4rj8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
72213:4z1wm0people who work with careful and continued effort
72313:5i9t20causing a strong feeling of disgust
72413:6gt48rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0“Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
72513:6iac2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
72613:6r21hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
72713:7z16h0“who makes himself rich”
72813:8mre80Possible meanings are (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
72913:9ev8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here the light represents the righteous persons life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73013:9ibt9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the persons life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
73113:10c8hy0“Pride always causes conflict”
73213:10n32q0“heed” or “follow”
73313:10ujq30suggestions that are helpful and profitable
73413:11u1q40“Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
73513:11i2l4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73613:11j3nnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73713:12v8h6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
73813:12gfi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Breaking a persons heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
73913:12k7pfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74013:12isa30“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
74113:13a5vyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74213:14uhi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74313:14h871rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74413:15r4virc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here a persons behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74513:15up13rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
74613:16g6vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74713:17h4gr0“is unreliable” or “does something evil”
74813:17pfh60“a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
74913:18m4d7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75013:19h11i0“is a delight” or “brings joy”
75113:19fv8k0the desire or liking for something
75213:20k77z0“will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
75313:21ddh8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0“Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
75413:21ecr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
75513:22amv10“the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
75613:22fi9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
75713:23z3px0“A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
75813:23h46lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
75913:24jp8a0“makes sure to instruct him”
76013:25a5930“he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
76113:25azl9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
76214:introgbj20# Proverbs 14 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
76314:1r3rp0“builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
76414:1tv3l0Possible meanings are (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
76514:1l2y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
76614:2qgn40“The person who … the person who”
76714:2qnc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76814:2we9s0“grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
76914:2c17i0The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
77014:3a16nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77114:3ixb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77214:3c2ir0This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
77314:3gru70“will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
77414:4w12s0A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
77514:4e3k80“a good harvest”
77614:4diy9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0“Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77714:5j6d2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md).
77814:6wm350“and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
77914:6ek6h0“is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
78014:6xv2j0“the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
78114:7ud4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78214:8e2qn0a person who has good judgment or sense
78314:8vp9qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78414:8vug20The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
78514:9m1s10“at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
78614:9t24prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but Gods favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78714:10xxe90“its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
78814:10y94d0“those who do not know him”
78914:11c5yprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79014:11d165rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79114:12y8gwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79214:13n7lprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A persons feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79314:13j3ih0“experience pain” or “hurt”
79414:14a8j90“The person who”
79514:14c5inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “ways” represents a persons conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79614:14qe8k0“what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
79714:15i5580inexperienced or immature
79814:15h73mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here the idea of footsteps represents a persons behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79914:16z79vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80014:16dy6s0“boldly ignores”
80114:17yez80“becomes angry quickly”
80214:18j5kv0inexperienced or immature
80314:18c2qlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
80414:18aj350The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
80514:18rq9a0“wise people”
80614:18spn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on ones head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80714:19b4i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction0This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
80814:19e892rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
80914:20h5nsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
81014:21fy3m0“The person … the person”
81114:21d4gp0“poor people”
81214:22m1cwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
81314:22ie8f0“who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
81414:22mmn3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
81514:23k11f0“but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
81614:24dc97rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81714:24u3bw0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md).
81814:25wkc7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
81914:27c8u2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82014:27r5t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82114:28vxf70“how many people he rules”
82214:28yp940“the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
82314:29n61r0a person who is quick to become angry
82414:30lqn30“A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
82514:30l819rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82614:31k67r0“The person who … the person who”
82714:31b6nz0This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
82814:31xhv20“a poor person … a needy person”
82914:31k2td0“is kind to” or “helps”
83014:32t8grrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
83114:33axk6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83214:33t41l0“a discerning person”
83314:33r61lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
83414:33xi3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
83514:34dl6h0“brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
83614:35qjf70“who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
83714:35vi560“the servant who”
83815:introl8720# Proverbs 15 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
83915:1x2lhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that persons wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that persons wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84015:1hu6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84115:2w6icrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
84215:2sjz80“makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
84315:2ncr7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of fools mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
84415:3w8rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
84515:3bw6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
84615:4wt85rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84715:4eg2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that persons spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84815:5kix4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
84915:5x86t0“is wise”
85015:6h7yyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
85115:7tk6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85215:7wet2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Possible meanings are (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85315:8a5ry0“people who live rightly”
85415:8fci90“pleases him”
85515:9ui9irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85615:9pj1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85715:10j3mwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85815:10jus3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
85915:11n1e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86015:11b6ifrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
86115:11r3gzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
86215:12dl8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
86315:12f5d9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
86415:13b4lvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
86515:13dm7arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that persons spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86615:14d9uhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
86715:14k3ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86815:15r1yn0“Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
86915:15en6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87015:15m9lg0“a feast that never ends”
87115:16iix30“with anxiety”
87215:17via5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
87315:17ux23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
87415:17m9u4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
87515:17x4f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
87615:17vw92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
87715:18p4jirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “arguments” can be stated as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
87815:19awv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a persons life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87915:19gy92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
88015:19zqz8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88115:19c95z0This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
88215:21itu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88315:22p1yb0“Plans fail”
88415:22et1u0“when there is no one to give advice”
88515:22re1s0people who give recommendations as a guide to action
88615:22q31z0“plans succeed”
88715:23wg810“a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
88815:23jnm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations0This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
88915:24b9kbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89015:25h2dgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This is a synecdoche for the persons household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89115:26h9s40“kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
89215:28avu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89315:28zzd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of wicked peoples mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89415:28zr4l0It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
89515:29nq5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89615:30msq2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of an expression of joy on ones face as if the persons eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89715:30d2bgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89815:30hhj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89915:31vet30Possible meanings are (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
90015:32l9cdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
90115:33nhk9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
90215:33t56g0See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
90315:33w2h20This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
90416:intromu2u0# Proverbs 16 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### King and royalty\n\nSome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
90516:1bqu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” represents the persons mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90616:1hf8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a persons plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that persons plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90716:1j1hurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
90816:2m6lirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90916:2ky4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “spirits” represents peoples desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a persons desires and motives as if he were weighing that persons spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the persons motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91016:4ccq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
91116:5lkb8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
91216:5cq2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
91316:6t6t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives peoples sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
91416:6sn15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91516:7i6tc0“Yahweh makes”
91616:8u9920“earning a lot of money”
91716:8a4dx0“with wrongdoing”
91816:9wyx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a persons actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91916:9y8rtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a persons plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92016:10ak2qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
92116:10ul24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
92216:11hb1irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
92316:11c4kd0Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
92416:12tie4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
92516:12yr8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “throne” represents the kings rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
92616:13sfa1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
92716:14lfm4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the kings wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92816:15av7j0Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
92916:15f1prrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the kings face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93016:15a5n5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
93116:16rgj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations0This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
93216:16bn5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93316:17ffx6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93416:17a2qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93516:18qp3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “spirit” represents the persons attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
93616:18yz530“ruin” or “failure”
93716:19s4fk0goods taken in battle
93816:20zg3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93916:21lrv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
94016:21hq6mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94116:21w5lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94216:22y5uxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94316:23rbc8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94416:23qa4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94516:23i4qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94616:24r6efrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Possible meanings for the word “soul” are (1) it represents a persons inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a persons tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a persons taste” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94716:24ye3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “bones” represent a persons body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
94816:25v8l9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The writer speaks of a persons conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94916:25es6x0The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
95016:26fc7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
95116:26gb4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
95216:27r16qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95316:27sga20“useless” or “wicked”
95416:27q5zk0trouble
95516:27xs7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The writer compares the way this persons words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
95616:28x2b50a person who gossips or spreads rumors
95716:29mk94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
95816:29i6a50“A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
95916:29f3ddrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a persons actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96016:29m8qsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
96116:30p1tu0Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
96216:30wy6w0“will do evil things”
96316:31aj89rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96416:31y1amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
96516:32x3rgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
96616:33ei8crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
96716:33js5x0Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
96817:introbr3v0# Proverbs 17 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
96917:1ecu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97017:1p2y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
97117:3fh66rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
97217:3fi3n0a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
97317:3aq7irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97417:4bar9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The word “lips” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97517:4cj9src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
97617:4ef8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The word “tongue” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
97717:5a5uerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
97817:5gs4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
97917:5dj8brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others misfortune” or “at other peoples troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98017:6y71irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of older peoples grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98117:6v99urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
98217:7i2ze0“Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
98317:7clc1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
98417:8mi9yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This speaks of a persons bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
98517:8iq11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98617:9nk6k0an action or word that has hurt him
98717:9r2e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
98817:9s8p60“causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
98917:10dra2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
99017:10fs5vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0“a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
99117:10hy6y0“a beating of a hundred blows goes”
99217:11rz73rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
99317:11zqf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99417:11suj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
99517:12fk5mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
99617:12j1lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
99717:13p537rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the mans house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
99817:14e1bwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
99917:14al2h0“starts”or “begins”
100017:15z95a0justifies, declares someone not guilty
100117:16kk5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
100217:17az6zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
100317:18f3yd0“no good judgement”
100417:18r6wn0This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
100517:19bpz3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
100617:20a3mirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100717:20s659rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The “tongue” represents a persons speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
100817:20qjp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0“falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
100917:22b1n1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101017:22ga2prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
101117:22u1vhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the “spirit” represents a persons feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
101217:22gei3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0A persons bones represent their physical health and strength. If a persons bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
101317:23r7p60“to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
101417:24ba2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a persons focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101517:24r7wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
101617:24qef2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a fools impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101717:25cn740This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
101817:25mw1t0This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
101917:25t9yj0“who gave birth to him”
102017:25lm5j0emotional pain, sorrow
102117:26lw6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
102217:26wfd10Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
102317:26s7mg0whip severely
102417:26dj91rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
102517:27je2brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
102617:28b5ayrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
102717:28i81arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
102817:28q1jmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
102918:introk5qz0# Proverbs 18 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
103018:1n34r0“keeps away from other people”
103118:1vun3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
103218:1r3yq0“good judgment” or “wise choices”
103318:2u731rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0“A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
103418:2ey4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
103518:2yp8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The contents of a persons heart refers to the persons thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
103618:3fw1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
103718:3ps5erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
103818:4izv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise mans mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
103918:4nv82rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a wise mans words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a mans mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a mans mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104018:4mk4jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
104118:4mn87rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104218:5fi7drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
104318:6p2qvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
104418:6w2xd0“cause”
104518:6zxu7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104618:6z4iirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
104718:7iwj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
104818:7v6hu0“will ruin him”
104918:7e4r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105018:8iu3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
105118:8vd95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession0This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
105218:8lms40small bites of food
105318:8mr15rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a persons mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a persons mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105418:9uih2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105518:9i66j0“is lazy” or “is not interested”
105618:9mch50“the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
105718:10ktq8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105818:10f4nmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105918:10dtz5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
106018:10gkx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
106118:11vhu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
106218:11bgq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
106318:11tz4b0a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
106418:11kei5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
106518:12r28e0“First a persons heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
106618:12uet10This refers to a significant decline in a persons reputation or health.
106718:12t2l5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
106818:12dy4xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
106918:13cj6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
107018:14jnm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
107118:14v3f4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
107218:14b1vbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
107318:15e4fmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
107418:15p7l8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
107518:15ptl80“gains” or “obtains”
107618:15xwh7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
107718:15a1barc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
107818:15enq30Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
107918:16zkj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
108018:16wr8frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
108118:17ct71rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal0This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
108218:18qs890“Casting lots”
108318:18n3hkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
108418:19dcj5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108518:19zq5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
108618:19ef130a fortified palace
108718:20qaf4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
108818:20h4trrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108918:20p1z6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109018:20r4eerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
109118:20x66t0“he is pleased”
109218:21flt4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
109318:21n65frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
109418:21l141rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109518:24wg3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
109618:24zc7f0“is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
109719:intronbz80# Proverbs 19 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
109819:1ev8n0“It is better to be a poor person”
109919:1bpi4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
110019:1wj4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
110119:2u1ujrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
110219:2f2purc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110319:3ivv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
110419:4q8uvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
110519:4v5qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
110619:5l99erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives0This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110719:5i2wsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
110819:5q13jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
110919:6gms60someone who often gives away things
111019:6q978rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
111119:7vs3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
111219:8ll4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
111319:8v9e90“has understanding”
111419:9phm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives0This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
111519:9a1nmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
111619:10f4zn0“It is not right”
111719:10pq5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
111819:11ah270“A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
111919:11j1li0This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
112019:11p96c0“it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
112119:11gc210to forget on purpose
112219:12vbv5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Here the lions roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
112319:12m29grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
112419:13v3250“will ruin a father”
112519:13s1nwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112619:13l7wk0“an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
112719:14t54qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
112819:14csr40See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
112919:14jw8qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
113019:15ye6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
113119:15jcb5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
113219:16xr2k0“the command that he was taught”
113319:16v2yl0“protects his life”
113419:16ik59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
113519:17zw6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113619:17qx9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
113719:18nw29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113819:18md5crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Possible meanings are (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
113919:18hky1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114019:19n85trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114119:19f2vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
114219:19s1darc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0“if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
114319:19dnq3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal0“another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
114419:20gby8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
114519:20egn7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114619:21c7qgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a persons desire. Alternate translation: “in a persons mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
114719:21f82d0“Yahwehs purpose” or “Yahwehs plans”
114819:21q568rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
114919:23x7qyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115019:23h31x0Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
115119:23gyg5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
115219:24wf2e0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
115319:24r5yj0“dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
115419:24r3tsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
115519:25svj30“If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
115619:25k69j0“Punish a mocker”
115719:25zh2b0“inexperienced person” or “immature person”
115819:25v49d0See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
115919:25m3910“if you discipline one who is discerning,”
116019:25wwq5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
116119:26g233rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Possible meanings are (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
116219:27n4avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116319:27s24z0“you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
116419:27y3ln0“knowledge”
116519:28d2w1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
116619:28aq9frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
116719:28g9y4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
116819:29d4f3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
116919:29ray2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
117019:29r21d0beating with a whip or stick
117120:introe8g20# Proverbs 20 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
117220:1p893rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
117320:1v7zxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
117420:1qa7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
117520:1c6m70a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
117620:1ne6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
117720:1g7rv0Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
117820:1k4svrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
117920:2p628rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This compares how people fear a kings wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The kings wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
118020:2xa6x0“makes the king angry”
118120:2rl5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism0This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
118220:3ru7h0“It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
118320:3gf5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118420:4cva30to prepare land for planting
118520:4tdr60“during the season for planting crops”
118620:4z5wirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
118720:5f8derc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a persons actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
118820:5qr3j0“a person who has understanding”
118920:5fk7wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119020:6lmq90“is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
119120:6xut9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
119220:7s7thrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
119320:7y2edrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
119420:8j9uprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119520:9p5m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
119620:9s43mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here a persons “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
119720:9d5hxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119820:9xb5x0“I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
119920:11yym3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
120020:11m4db0“whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
120120:11xm830“his deeds” or “what he does”
120220:11we5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
120320:13h9etrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
120420:13ee3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “opening ones eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
120520:14zh4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Bad! Bad! says the buyer criticizing the sellers wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
120620:15cv2krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120720:15tt4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
120820:16sn35rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
120920:16cv1mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
121020:16e647rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
121120:17zi4rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
121220:17gjt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
121320:17lnt5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
121420:17fz1i0“tastes good”
121520:17tu5arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121620:17du9w0small pieces of rock
121720:18mjl4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
121820:19i4ch0This means someone who gossips a lot.
121920:19i2mb0“you should not be friends with”
122020:20v9ff0This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
122120:20el23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122220:20e6a4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
122320:20un31rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamps flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
122420:20a13a0to cause a flame to go out
122520:21mk5brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
122620:22pj94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
122720:22ti5grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
122820:23x2rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
122920:24re6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a persons steps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123020:24i9ejrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A persons actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
123120:24mfy9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
123220:24s44trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the persons life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
123320:25qfw5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123420:25x37x0to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
123520:25tt8zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
123620:26cgd9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123720:26m44hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
123820:26rs2yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123920:26sy6b0“threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
124020:27x5vxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of a persons spirit as if it were a lamp. A persons spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124120:28f9herc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
124220:28dyd60keep the king safe from harm
124320:28dym8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “throne” represents the kings power to rule. The abstract noun “love” can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
124420:30g7u1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124521:introge8s0# Proverbs 21 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
124621:1w5mdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the kings heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the kings heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124721:1t1m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The kings thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
124821:2yz3crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124921:2xmb4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
125021:3qs6t0“To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
125121:3ezq60“To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
125221:3f31f0“just—Yahweh wants this more”
125321:4ps7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
125421:4xvr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
125521:4gk4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
125621:4y68urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125721:5mmd8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
125821:5xi4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
125921:6vsi80“Gaining wealth”
126021:6bc5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
126121:6w3kdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126221:6l9agrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunters trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
126321:7zn7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
126421:7ce4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “violence” refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
126521:7i5j5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126621:8qgr2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126721:8y9c2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126821:9gff3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
126921:9j9e10“wife who often argues and complains”
127021:10x3rsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of a persons appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
127121:10a2dz0desires strongly
127221:10d5qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a persons thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
127321:11rd8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127421:11a11r0“those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
127521:11a6a50“the person who mocks others”
127621:11m512rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127721:11ylu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
127821:12t3bj0Possible meanings are (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
127921:12bc3u0“pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
128021:12tem1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
128121:13uc5nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
128221:13iv38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
128321:14h1vz0“makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
128421:15p2lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
128521:16cj4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
128621:16t6m20“he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
128721:18mh2vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
128821:18qt7k0a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
128921:18n28n0“righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
129021:20r84prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
129121:20nw250“uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
129221:22d84j0“climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
129321:22v5jk0“a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
129421:22p6cmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
129521:22w2920“the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
129621:23xw3qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
129721:24c77j0“You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
129821:24m76arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
129921:24rf25rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130021:25pzb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
130121:25dt4frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
130221:26vgt60desires strongly
130321:26es9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
130421:27fq9a0The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
130521:27l3lerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
130621:27iy310“Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
130721:28h8d40This is because people will never forget what he said.
130821:29z6tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Possible meanings are (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
130921:29ts1rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A persons actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131021:30n8ktrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
131121:30k3pe0“defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
131221:31j1hqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131321:31i6w8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
131422:introt5zj0# Proverbs 22 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
131522:1but9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131622:1m8c70“To have others think that one is a good person”
131722:3nt9p0“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
131822:3cm2a0“the inexperienced and immature”
131922:5e8f6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132022:5r2h10traps to catch animals
132122:5dku9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
132222:5f1aprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132322:6je4erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132422:7dk14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
132522:8l36jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132622:8htf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132722:8yu9grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
132822:8kpt40The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
132922:9nxi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
133022:9zhf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
133122:9vs46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
133222:10t6ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
133322:11xzb6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
133422:11tlq40“is kind”
133522:12swt2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
133622:12s2lrrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
133722:12zw3l0“he destroys”
133822:12q7ytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
133922:13jg670The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
134022:14eq5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134122:14xrc50See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
134222:14l326rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
134322:14fin1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134422:15fuj40“The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
134522:15j283rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
134622:15dk18rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134722:16w7rc0“to become richer” or “to gain more money”
134822:16fm7f0“gives money to rich people”
134922:16d4tdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
135022:17nnv40Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
135122:17lgs9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135222:17l38x0“what wise people say”
135322:17pi8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
135422:17i9n2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
135522:18nl9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135622:19wr390“today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
135722:20bb5s0These verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
135822:20q77crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants0Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
135922:21q8xurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. It can be translated as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
136022:21l5jf0This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
136122:22y27s0These verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
136222:22aq5t0If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
136322:22su1vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
136422:22tq59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136522:22ws7lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
136622:22z1iarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136722:23a2vprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136822:23m5k2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136922:24cpi30These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
137022:24w16mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137122:24cc8z0shows violent anger
137222:25s2i8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137322:25jh2krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The soul is a metonym for the persons life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
137422:26ftq60These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
137522:26rnd60A person would strike his hand against another persons hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someones debts.
137622:26wt7u0“and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
137722:28tb1b0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
137822:28g63s0very old
137922:28djq50a large stone that shows where one persons land ends and another persons land begins
138022:28j4id0ancestors
138122:29y4ubrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
138222:29e6iirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
138323:introeva70# Proverbs 23 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
138423:1z1810These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
138523:2lu62rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0Possible meanings of this exaggeration are (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
138623:3zfk90“Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
138723:3zkz50“his special and expensive food”
138823:3tjm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
138923:4a4va0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
139023:4wh190“Do not work so much that you are always tired”
139123:5n9hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139223:5sp17rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139323:5ryq40wings like an eagles wings
139423:6afl60These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
139523:6su9w0“do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
139623:6jtt70“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
139723:7lbe8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
139823:8aw14rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
139923:8z3l6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
140023:9nk6j0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
140123:9u4q5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
140223:10iha40very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
140323:10de8r0This is a large stone to show where one persons land ends and another persons land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
140423:10a9cb0This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
140523:10n6i10children whose parents are dead
140623:11p1uf0Yahweh
140723:11bgi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140823:12w7ey0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
140923:12pgj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
141023:12v2r30Possible meanings are (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
141123:12jul6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
141223:12gn450“to me when I tell you what I know”
141323:13c9zs0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
141423:13qfa7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
141523:13r8dq0refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
141623:14jx2r0piece of wood
141723:14e27r0“You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the childs soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
141823:14z89frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
141923:15h5yu0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
142023:16sij3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0“Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
142123:17qz550These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
142223:17zgy6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
142323:18d3fzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
142423:19qj670These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
142523:19f1280“Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
142623:19jg2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
142723:20sag8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Possible meanings are (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
142823:21z3snrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
142923:22bzi70These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
143023:22s9itrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
143123:23smm2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
143223:24rzg30These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
143323:24qls10Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
143423:24b6a90“will be glad because of him”
143523:26c77m0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
143623:26ds3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
143723:26zdk9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
143823:27b64jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism0There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another mans wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
143923:27y9lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
144023:27i17l0Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
144123:27zt340These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
144223:27fys1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another mans wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
144323:27ezr30a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
144423:28x4yu0stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
144523:28ll5src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
144623:29ek290These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
144723:29l7durc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
144823:29yw3q0“eyes red, like the color of blood”
144923:30kqg70These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
145023:30g2tprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism0spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
145123:30t96n0Possible meanings are (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
145223:31v5x10These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
145323:32ip9z0“After you drink it”
145423:32cr4nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
145523:32q4ct0a type of poisonous snake
145623:33qfg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
145723:33d1kc0things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
145823:34s7qb0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
145923:34q7lvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
146023:34lxy20the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
146123:35c4na0Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
146223:35d6ej0The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
146324:intronl8m0# Proverbs 24 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
146424:1d1dq0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
146524:2dw7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
146624:2m8pxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
146724:2es5l0“talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
146824:3f9id0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
146924:3hiy4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
147024:3q4cprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
147124:3mq3vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
147224:4ry4yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
147324:5gah60These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
147424:5gya2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
147524:5my2frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
147624:6i9sarc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
147724:6e43z0“fight your war”
147824:6nll10those who tell government officials what those officials should do
147924:7ten90These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
148024:7r9t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
148124:7e2pvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
148224:8f77e0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
148324:8f9l90one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
148424:10xt510These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
148524:10dbq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
148624:11t92q0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
148724:11xc8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
148824:11n8k20Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
148924:11ru950walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
149024:11kl46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149124:12k5el0The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, Behold, … this, but does”
149224:12akd70“Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
149324:12yi61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
149424:12cx5xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism0The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
149524:12zda4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149624:12pa6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
149724:12m55qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
149824:13q7s60These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
149924:14p5t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0Possible meanings are (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
150024:15i96h0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
150124:15s1wwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
150224:15g6w60the home of the righteous person
150324:16jrm70“gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
150424:16k8lyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
150524:16u49krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150624:16ze9b0times when bad things happen to people and their property
150724:17rpu60These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
150824:17t9ei0“something bad happens to your enemy”
150924:17by2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
151024:18b18irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
151124:19yp9l0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
151224:20mmf6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151324:21j1fr0These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
151424:21vvr90a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
151524:22jzb3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
151624:22ub7e0these words refer to Yahweh and the king
151724:23jq5s0This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
151824:23ci6n0a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
151924:24lma60The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him”
152024:24rfb90Possible meanings are (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
152124:25xwv50“will be very happy”
152224:25ufh1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
152324:25uy7d0“good things” or “blessings”
152424:26sz6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
152524:28u5rprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
152624:29cke7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
152724:31w3gw0useless plants with sharp spines
152824:31j4m70plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
152924:31chw40“had fallen down”
153024:32u9za0“learned a lesson”
153124:34d7gxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest, but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
153224:34v85wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
153324:34zx1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
153425:introl94s0# Proverbs 25 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
153525:2x2ec0“to keep some things secret”
153625:2cj4prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
153725:2dg6e0“search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
153825:3jtp4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
153925:3b9470This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
154025:4jgm10the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
154125:5vvu5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
154225:7w69grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
154325:7qf2z0“in front of a nobleman”
154425:8t9ugrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
154525:9lgk70“your disagreement”
154625:9c77l0“do not share your neighbors secret with other people”
154725:10fr3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
154825:11e2ayrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
154925:11sq350The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
155025:11ptu8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
155125:12ir54rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155225:12i38prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
155325:13tc4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
155425:13sxk7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155525:13v57a0white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
155625:13z9pn0This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
155725:14hbd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
155825:15v2wvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
155925:15eed7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
156025:16dc7brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
156125:18r378rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
156225:19p8jxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
156325:20j5q40This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
156425:20ef6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
156525:20z9shrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
156625:22eb7prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
156725:23xj7i0In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
156825:23z36v0Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
156925:23gn4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
157025:24siz4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
157125:24urg50a wife who often argues or complains
157225:25p4p8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157325:26p3dyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157425:26tiq8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Tottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
157525:26fe9hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
157625:26e13rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Possible meanings are (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
157725:27h7jfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
157825:27x6inrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
157925:27ea110“that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.”
158025:28gl3prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
158125:28jh450“whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
158226:introjuh90# Proverbs 26 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
158326:1w8ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
158426:2kdg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
158526:2mf19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
158626:2t3fg0land on someone or something
158726:3v3b70A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
158826:3le7r0A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkeys head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
158926:3q1bg0In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
159026:5rz540Joining in on a fools folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
159126:5q48wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159226:6ang1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the hand represents the fools responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
159326:6ife4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Cutting off ones own feet is an exaggeration for harming ones self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
159426:6a1zcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159526:7h8yxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
159626:7m6mr0a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body
159726:7nq9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
159826:8vhn4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
159926:8fy3g0“honoring a fool”
160026:9l82zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
160126:9z794rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Possible meanings are (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
160226:9q3ggrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160326:10lu8m0“gives a job to a fool”
160426:11dgd20“As a dog eats its own vomit”
160526:12cxr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
160626:12n43z0“A fool can become wise more easily than he can”
160726:13y1yv0The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
160826:13xyz80See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md).
160926:13ufn80This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
161026:14bfi20metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
161126:14uv1drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
161226:15j4ce0“puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food”
161326:15x6usrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
161426:16e6pbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161526:17xh36rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other peoples dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dogs ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
161626:17z69erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dogs ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
161726:17ul2wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
161826:19kd8e0Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it.
161926:19g1qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
162026:20ivv30a person who gossips a lot
162126:21l2ugrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
162226:21ud8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
162326:22ye74rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
162426:22rb3src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a persons mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a persons mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
162526:23i9mzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
162626:23ky5d0“the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
162726:23u5wyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
162826:23s94prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
162926:23p5hfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The heart represents a persons thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
163026:24rhg2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
163126:24qu8brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163226:25f4gf0“but do not believe what he says”
163326:25q7lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163426:26iv6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163526:26d99drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163626:26slh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
163726:26d2jn0“the community of Israel”
163826:27sg61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
163926:27nj1wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
164026:28wvw9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164126:28dfi2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
164226:28qp8a0praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
164327:introec7g0# Proverbs 27 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
164427:1f85wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
164527:1t368rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164627:2cyj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
164727:2jhl7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
164827:3snl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
164927:3hs8d0“the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation.
165027:4j57vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
165127:4l3ui0“harshness”
165227:4srl1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165327:4nh38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
165427:4inj9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165527:5yva8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
165627:5pz3xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0“than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
165727:6d5v5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165827:6uw1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The trustworthiness of a friends rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friends rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
165927:6wzd4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0It can be stated clearly that the enemys kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemys many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
166027:6d2u70“abundantly” or “too many times”
166127:7diy70“A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full”
166227:7v4fr0A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.
166327:7aj750“everything that is bitter tastes sweet”
166427:8tmr6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
166527:9p2m80The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
166627:9zj6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
166727:9fa3brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Possible meanings are (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friends kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166827:10c6gz0Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
166927:10zin10extreme troubles and misfortune
167027:11v2t7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the “heart” represents the persons feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
167127:11sv31rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
167227:11gm950makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
167327:12y47t0See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md).
167427:12jm890“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
167527:12j5th0“the inexperienced and immature people”
167627:12bv110experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
167727:13l1r3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
167827:13q6circ://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
167927:13gvg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
168027:14xjs10“If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing”
168127:14z5garc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
168227:15bh2v0This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.
168327:15caj9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168427:15ldj60“a day of continual rain”
168527:16e46jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168627:16tfg7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0“holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
168727:16z86v0“holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control”
168827:17w3varc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a mans character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
168927:18gbr20“who takes care of”
169027:18d71drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169127:19z68arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here this means a persons thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169227:20nv5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names0This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
169327:20c28l0“are never filled up”
169427:20q6udrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the “eyes” represent a mans desires. Alternate translation: “a mans desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
169527:21c4r4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
169627:21eg8jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown0a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
169727:21eza1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown0an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
169827:21b7qdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169927:22m5zvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
170027:22ir3krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown0a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
170127:23ixh6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism0These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
170227:23de7k0“flocks of sheep”
170327:23b9bu0“herds of goats”
170427:24v1t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
170527:24gu92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “crown” is a metonym for a kings rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a kings rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
170627:25n1ai0“the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow”
170727:26ra5w0Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.
170827:26dar8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
170927:26j2vprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171027:27q28mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that there will also be enough goats milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goats milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
171127:27xjw40“food”
171228:introg91u0# Proverbs 28 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
171328:2b4c7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
171428:2qks4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
171528:2ivf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
171628:3tx2c0“who severely mistreats”
171728:3pb4krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
171828:3p9vxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
171928:4z1ah0“forsake Gods law”
172028:4j98frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To “keep the law” means to do what Gods law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey Gods law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172128:4whf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172228:5pi7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations0Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
172328:5t38qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “justice” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
172428:5k5mhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172528:5ru6trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
172628:6q4ty0“It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
172728:6pfi9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
172828:6jdf4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172928:7b5pvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0To “keep the law” means to do what Gods law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys Gods law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173028:7h42hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
173128:7rh6n0“of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
173228:7q9hm0“puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
173328:8uef70“increases his wealth”
173428:8i36g0“charging extra money to borrow”
173528:8tj5f0money paid by a borrower for the use of someone elses money
173628:8xz6i0“brings his wealth together”
173728:8e1qz0“for another person”
173828:8s7xf0a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone
173928:9w4280“If a person”
174028:9s7cfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting Gods law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
174128:9ztw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0“even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
174228:9a3bi0See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
174328:10hgy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174428:10pv8z0“If anyone misleads … evil way, he will fall”
174528:10m6rzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
174628:10tw7hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
174728:10yg55rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
174828:10w7560“will inherit what is good”
174928:11eg7vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175028:11pj9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
175128:11ynr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
175228:12qew30“When righteous people succeed”
175328:12zkn5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
175428:12emq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
175528:12g949rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175628:13h8gmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175728:13e7kw0“will not succeed” or “will not advance”
175828:13m9fzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
175928:14nh5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
176028:14ffn2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “reverence” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
176128:14ijf70This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
176228:14ymm80“the one who hardens his heart”
176328:14ebu1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
176428:14l7eerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176528:15z8tirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile0Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
176628:15x5l1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown0A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
176728:16et9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
176828:16az950a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
176928:16lv7nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
177028:16eae9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
177128:17rm8grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “blood” represents a persons life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
177228:17v5920a person who is running away to avoid being captured
177328:17iz6wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0“until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
177428:18nhr1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177528:18u4m50“Anyone who”
177628:18f45frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
177728:18kvc6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
177828:18x79arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
177928:19dlk70This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
178028:19uq9z0“anyone who follows”
178128:19t64prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0“chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
178228:19b8y8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony0The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
178328:20ix4qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
178428:20nt6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
178528:21kg9crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0“A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
178628:21phu70“sin”
178728:22v63d0“A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
178828:22f7a8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
178928:22mz2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
179028:23sr8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun “favor” being expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
179128:23q2x80“If a person disciplines”
179228:23hi860trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
179328:23k6hlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
179428:23l9i10praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
179528:24xcp20“The one who robs”
179628:24qt94rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations0This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
179728:24ie7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
179828:25e3ce0a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
179928:25bkj4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180028:26pnc4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche0Depending on ones self is spoken of as trusting in ones own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
180128:26dyj30“any person who walks”
180228:26g7hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Possible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
180328:27yhn40“The person”
180428:27y6e6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj0This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
180528:27iwx5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
180628:27ykd8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
180728:27cgl40“anyone who closes”
180828:27x8x1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180928:28ku38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
181028:28xc51rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
181128:28vjp80Possible meanings are (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
181228:28pd870Possible meanings are (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
181329:intropkl40# Proverbs 29 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
181429:1rl7arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181529:1nb5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
181629:1y5ftrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0“and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181729:2w7r2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181829:4v6durc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
181929:5x5x60knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
182029:5udx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
182129:6k8iqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
182229:8g91src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
182329:8vcu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
182429:9el5g0Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
182529:9tzx70The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
182629:9kn5t0This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
182729:9qmv50“they will not be able to settle the problem”
182829:10jbu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
182929:12ui7k0“listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md).
183029:12b9esrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183129:13f56w0a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
183229:13psq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
183329:14x486rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
183429:15ybi8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
183529:15p19zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
183629:15m43w0When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
183729:16th5trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
183829:16ha78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
183929:18s41brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
184029:19kl1yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
184129:20qfr9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer is using a question to get the readers attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
184229:21k1j60“who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
184329:21qas40“at the end of the slaves youth” or “when the slave is grown”
184429:21qs950These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
184529:22s7harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “strife” can be stated as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
184629:22ad7mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
184729:23z268rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
184829:24jpz10“becomes his own enemy”
184929:24ej5krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit0Possible meanings are (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
185029:25t7d5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
185129:25k5l20a trap that catches animals with ropes
185229:25t3gkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
185329:26sa3krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
185429:26w96brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
185529:27c4s90a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
185630:introaud80# Proverbs 30 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
185730:1u8l9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names0These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
185830:1v8qt0This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
185930:1ic3d0“the message”
186030:1y7qf0“to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
186130:2n4d90“Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
186230:2ij38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
186330:3ln5frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
186430:4kw1arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
186530:4eb1b0where God lives
186630:4bz7zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186730:4g4i70the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
186830:4l4kf0brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
186930:4rce50“has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
187030:4t7g1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
187130:4jv39rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony0The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
187230:5mna2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
187330:5u15zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
187430:6lu630say more than he has said
187530:6e39xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
187630:8v3d5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Possible meanings are (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
187730:8jw320false, useless words
187830:8wk6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
187930:9vrk2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo0This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
188030:9t24irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo0This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
188130:9f4ah0“I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm Gods reputation by stealing”
188230:10rz4a0speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
188330:10ycc90“the servant will curse”
188430:10u5furc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
188530:11sz6e0“a generation of people who curse … and do not bless”
188630:11z4bb0type or class or group
188730:12h8cq0“a generation of people that are”
188830:12dp6prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
188930:12re7rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
189030:12fyp50This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
189130:13ey4drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
189230:14zca7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189330:14z22j0the bones of the face where teeth grow
189430:15yr92rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
189530:15ik610a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
189630:15n8v60Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.”
189730:15snu6rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry0This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, Enough” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
189830:15xlu4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
189930:16d8p5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification0Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
190030:17hr1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
190130:17pr2u0The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
190230:17l9a8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
190330:17x3vs0large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
190430:17sxz9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
190530:17k8je0any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
190630:18njh20The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
190730:19u9rprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190830:20h26krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism0This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190930:21s3e30The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
191030:22xv9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
191130:23l8m1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
191230:23dwd50rules the household
191330:26p11p0an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
191430:28l4zb0a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
191530:29u31f0The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
191630:29dc440majestic or dignified, like a king
191730:31e3z80an adult male chicken that walks proudly
191830:33kgm40strongly stirring
191930:33nj7p0Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
192031:introdd9p0# Proverbs 31 General Notes\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### King Lemuel\n\nThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### An acrostic poem\n\nVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.\n\n### Themes\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
192131:2nw5lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
192231:2ag7f0The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
192331:2ye5f0The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
192431:2p2hh0The “vows” could be (1) the mothers marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
192531:3irw80“Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
192631:3tuq50“or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
192731:3j3yt0Possible meanings are (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
192831:3v8um0probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
192931:4s8mw0This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
193031:5ex8nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
193131:5w2jv0“deny afflicted people their legal rights”
193231:5y3ds0exchange good for evil
193331:5mdn60“all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
193431:6q63src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
193531:6i7g70“whos souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
193631:7f15vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
193731:7cb4brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “trouble” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
193831:8r3tlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
193931:8mxp7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
194031:8e1y9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis0The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
194131:9yc2mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet0These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
194231:10ufh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion0The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
194331:10v97s0“She is more precious than jewels”
194431:11i7unrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes0This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
194531:13usy50sheeps hair that is used to make cloth
194631:13xs1v0a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
194731:13n9qr0Possible meanings are that the word “delight” describes (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
194831:14h9840someone who buys and sells
194931:15ry3t0“tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
195031:16fgc9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
195131:17vv53rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
195231:17fn860“she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
195331:18d4np0sees by looking carefully
195431:18jpw6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
195531:19d3iv0a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
195631:20en6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
195731:20s1we0These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in [Proverbs 31:19](../31/19.md).
195831:21tt96rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
195931:21ail40The color red, but with a hint of orange.
196031:22a3x10cloth made of flax yarn
196131:23ra37rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
196231:23dbz10to make laws and settle arguments
196331:24d6wi0cloth made from flax yarn
196431:24ghw50long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
196531:25k3birc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
196631:25a29grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole0This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
196731:26lb6qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
196831:26q9jlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
196931:27uqe6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
197031:27ynb8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom0To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
197131:27j79l0doing nothing and being lazy
197231:28hq5urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0Possible meanings are (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
197331:28lqv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations0saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
197431:29fl850“you have done better than”
197531:30e8cjrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
197631:30qcq1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns0The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
197731:30k9e4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive0This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
197831:31df11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor0The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
197931:31ef6yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy0She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])