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2front:introtxw30# Introduction to Daniel\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Daniel\n\n1. Daniel and his friends in the court of Nebuchadnezzar (1:1–21)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s first dream (2:1–49)\n1. Daniel’s friends delivered from the fiery furnace (3:1–30)\n1. Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s second dream (4:1–37)\n1. Belshazzar’s feast and the writing on the wall (5:1-31)\n1. Daniel in the den of lions (6:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of four beasts (7:1–28)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a ram and a goat (8:1–27)\n1. Daniel prays and Gabriel answers (9:1–23)\n1. Daniel’s vision of seventy weeks (9:24–27)\n1. Daniel’s vision of a man (10:1–11:1)\n1. The kings of the south and north (11:2–20)\n1. An evil king exalts himself (11:21-39)\n1. The time of the end (11:40–12:13)\n\n### What is the Book of Daniel about?\n\nThe first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful.\n\nThe rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe traditional title of this book is “The Book of Daniel” or just “Daniel.” Translators may call it “The Book About Daniel” or “The Book About the Deeds and Visions of Daniel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Daniel?\n\nDaniel was a Jew who became a Babylonian government official during the exile. He may have written the book himself. Or he may have written the parts of the book and someone else put the parts together at a later time.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Is there a missing week in Daniel’s prophecy?\n\nScholars disagree about what may appear to be a missing week in 9:24-27. It is best for translators to allow apparent mysteries such as this to remain in the text. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### When did the seventy weeks begin?\n\nThe seventy weeks in 9:24-27 began when a decree was issued to rebuild the city of Jerusalem. But there were several decrees that allowed this to happen. Translators do not need to understand how prophecies were or will be fulfilled to translate the text.\n\n### Who was Darius the Mede?\n\nDarius the Mede was a Babylonian king who sent Daniel into a den of lions. People have not found his name in history outside of the Book of Daniel. Scholars have tried to explain who Darius was, but they are not certain.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### How does Daniel use the word “king”?\n\nMany kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of Babylon or Persia. Some of the kings may have ruled over regions or cities.\n\n### How many chapters does Daniel have?\n\nDaniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called “Bel and the Dragon” and “The Prayer of Azariah.” However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them.
31:introp1ev0# Daniel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Training for government jobs\n\nDaniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were chosen to be trained for service in the Babylonian kingdom. It was not unusual for foreigners to be given positions in the Babylonian government as advisors or cultural ambassadors.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Food laws\n\nThe food from the king included things the Jews were not allowed to eat according to the law of Moses. Daniel requested permission not to eat the king’s food. He proved to the king that this food was not necessary for good health. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
41:1sxi6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheיְהוֹיָקִ֣ים מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה1This refers to **Jehoiakim** and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate translation: “the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
51:1x9t9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheנְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֧ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל1This refers to **Nebuchadnezzar** and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
61:1cps4וַ⁠יָּ֥צַר עָלֶֽי⁠הָ1Alternate translation: “to stop the people from receiving any supplies”
71:2w31yבְּ⁠יָד֜⁠וֹ1God gave to Nebuchadnezzar
81:2l12trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוַ⁠יְבִיאֵ֥⁠ם & הֵבִ֔יא1Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. Alternate translation: “They brought them … they placed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
91:2tb9lוַ⁠יְבִיאֵ֥⁠ם1Here **them** probably refers to Jehoiakim and other prisoners, as well as the sacred objects.
101:2riv5אוֹצַ֥ר אֱלֹהָֽי⁠ו1This was an act of devotion to **his god**.
111:3c2p4וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ1This refers to Nebuchadnezzar.
121:3pba3rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלְ⁠אַשְׁפְּנַ֖ז1**Ashpenaz** is the chief official. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
131:4j6vwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesאֵֽין־בָּ⁠הֶ֣ם כָּל־מאום1These two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “who had perfect appearance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
141:4ki41rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠יֹ֤דְעֵי דַ֨עַת֙ וּ⁠מְבִינֵ֣י מַדָּ֔ע1This is an idiom. This means they knew much and could organize and use that information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
151:4im8mבְּ⁠הֵיכַ֣ל הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ1This is the large house or building where the king lives.
161:4gg5xוּֽ⁠לֲ⁠לַמְּדָ֥⁠ם1Alternate translation: “and Ashpenaz was to teach them”
171:5v9dgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠יְמַן֩ לָ⁠הֶ֨ם הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ1The king’s officials did this task for him. Alternate translation: “The king’s officials counted out for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181:5vq2iמִ⁠פַּת־בַּ֤ג1the special, rare, good foods that the king ate
191:5bj35וּֽ⁠לְ⁠גַדְּלָ֖⁠ם1Alternate translation: “They were to be taught skills”
201:5ex12rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּֽ⁠לְ⁠גַדְּלָ֖⁠ם1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Ashpenaz was to train these young men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
211:6ln29בָ⁠הֶ֖ם1Alternate translation: “Among the young men from Israel”
221:7k7ucשַׂ֥ר הַ⁠סָּרִיסִ֖ים1This refers to Ashpenaz who was King Nebuchadnezzar’s highest official.
231:7b656rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּ֣לְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר & שַׁדְרַ֔ךְ & מֵישַׁ֔ךְ & עֲבֵ֥ד נְגֽוֹ1These are all men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
241:8s7srrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוַ⁠יָּ֤שֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל֙ עַל־לִבּ֔⁠וֹ1Here **heart** refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “Daniel decided to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
251:8xse9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitלֹֽא־יִתְגָּאַ֛ל1To **defile** something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to God’s law. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “make himself unclean according to God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
261:8e52rבְּ⁠פַתְבַּ֥ג1This refers to the special, rare, good foods that the king ate. See how you translated this in [Daniel 1:3](../01/03.md).
271:10wc2irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionלָ⁠מָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵי⁠כֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַ⁠יְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּ⁠גִֽילְ⁠כֶ֔ם1The official uses this question to explain what he thought would happen. It can be a statement. Alternate translation: “He does not want to see you looking worse than the other young men of your own age.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
281:10n5lcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוְ⁠חִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖⁠י לַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ1This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Then the king might cut off my head” or “Then the king might kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
291:13m7rhוְ⁠יֵרָא֤וּ לְ⁠פָנֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מַרְאֵ֔י⁠נוּ וּ⁠מַרְאֵה֙ הַ⁠יְלָדִ֔ים1Daniel asked the steward to see if he and his friends looked worse than the other young men. Alternate translation: “Then compare our appearance to see if it is worse than the appearance of the young men”
301:14thm2וַ⁠יְנַסֵּ֖⁠ם1He tested Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
311:15h7dvמַרְאֵי⁠הֶם֙ & וּ⁠בְרִיאֵ֖י1Here **their** and **they** refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
321:15pj6pוּ⁠בְרִיאֵ֖י בָּשָׂ֑ר1This means to have been made healthy from what you have eaten.
331:16uzg5אֶת־פַּתְבָּגָ֔⁠ם & מִשְׁתֵּי⁠הֶ֑ם & וְ⁠נֹתֵ֥ן לָ⁠הֶ֖ם1The pronouns **their**, *they**, and **them** refer to Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.
341:17das8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsנָתַ֨ן לָ⁠הֶ֧ם הָֽ⁠אֱלֹהִ֛ים מַדָּ֥ע וְ⁠הַשְׂכֵּ֖ל1This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns **knowledge** and **insight** can be expressed as the verbs “learn” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “God gave them the ability to learn and understand clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
351:17wn6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleבְּ⁠כָל־סֵ֣פֶר וְ⁠חָכְמָ֑ה1Here “all” is a generalization to show that they had a very good education and understanding. Alternate translation: “in many things that the Babylonians had written and studied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
361:19ita9וַ⁠יְדַבֵּ֣ר אִתָּ⁠ם֮ הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֒1The king spoke with the “four young men” ([Daniel 1:17](../01/17.md)).
371:19u1amrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠לֹ֤א נִמְצָא֙ מִ⁠כֻּלָּ֔⁠ם כְּ⁠דָנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַ⁠עֲזַרְיָ֑ה1This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah pleased him much more than anyone else in the whole group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
381:19e2m3כְּ⁠דָנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַ⁠עֲזַרְיָ֑ה1These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:6](../01/06.md).
391:20f5x8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleעֶ֣שֶׂר יָד֗וֹת עַ֤ל1Here **ten times** is an exaggeration representing great quality. Alternate translation: “much better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
401:21jhp9שְׁנַ֥ת אַחַ֖ת לְ⁠כ֥וֹרֶשׁ הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ1Alternate translation: “the first year that King Cyrus ruled Babylon”
412:introepd50# Daniel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Daniel’s prayer in 2:20-23.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The king’s dream\n\nDaniel told the king’s dream and what the dream meant. In the ancient Near East, it was believed that only people in touch with the gods could interpret dreams. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])\n\n### How Daniel knew the dream\n\nDaniel gave Yahweh the honor for having told him the dream and its meaning in answer to the prayers of the four men.
422:1mns5rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalוּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֗יִם1“In year two” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
432:1xw34rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוַ⁠תִּתְפָּ֣עֶם רוּח֔⁠וֹ1Here **spirit** refers to his thoughts. Alternate translation: “His thoughts disturbed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
442:1g67brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוּ⁠שְׁנָת֖⁠וֹ נִהְיְתָ֥ה עָלָֽי⁠ו1This is an idiom that means his troubled thoughts prevented him from sleeping. Alternate translation: “so that he could not sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
452:2n5gnוַ⁠יָּבֹ֕אוּ1Alternate translation: “So they came into the palace”
462:2x5f6וַ⁠יַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י1Alternate translation: “and stood in front of”
472:3q4dvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוַ⁠תִּפָּ֣עֶם רוּחִ֔⁠י1Here **spirit** refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “I am troubled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
482:4k6f2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאֲרָמִ֑ית1**Aramaic** was the language that people in Babylon spoke. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
492:4b8zxמַלְכָּ⁠א֙ לְ⁠עָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י1The men probably said this to show the king that they were loyal to him. Alternate translation: “King, we hope you will live forever!”
502:4n36iל⁠עבדי⁠ך1The men called themselves the king’s **servants** to show him respect.
512:4cba4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveנְחַוֵּֽא1Here the word **we** refers to the men that the king is speaking to and does not include the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
522:5nw8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveהַדָּמִין֙ תִּתְעַבְד֔וּן וּ⁠בָתֵּי⁠כ֖וֹן נְוָלִ֥י יִתְּשָׂמֽוּן1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will command my soldiers to tear your bodies apart and to make your houses into rubbish heaps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
532:6xv1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמַתְּנָ֤ן וּ⁠נְבִזְבָּה֙ וִ⁠יקָ֣ר שַׂגִּ֔יא תְּקַבְּל֖וּן מִן־קֳדָמָ֑⁠י1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you gifts, a reward, and great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
542:7ux2hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personמַלְכָּ֕⁠א חֶלְמָ֛⁠א יֵאמַ֥ר לְ⁠עַבְד֖וֹ⁠הִי1The wise men addressed the king in the third person as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
552:8h6gfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorחֲזֵית֔וֹן דִּ֥י אַזְדָּ֖א מִנִּ֥⁠י מִלְּתָֽ⁠א1A decision that will not be changed is spoken of as something firm. Alternate translation: “you see that I will not change my decision about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
562:9ef89חֲדָה־הִ֣יא דָֽתְ⁠כ֗וֹן1Alternate translation: “there is only one punishment for you”
572:9xj29rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletוּ⁠מִלָּ֨ה כִדְבָ֤ה וּ⁠שְׁחִיתָה֙1These two words mean approximately the same thing and emphasize that these are “lies intended to deceive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
582:10m1jcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletרַ֣ב וְ⁠שַׁלִּ֔יט1These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of the king’s power. Alternate translation: “most powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
592:11n99mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠אָחֳרָן֙ לָ֣א אִיתַ֔י דִּ֥י יְחַוִּנַּ֖⁠הּ קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑⁠א לָהֵ֣ן אֱלָהִ֔ין1This is stated in negative form for emphasis. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and only the gods can tell this to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
602:12xu8yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletבְּנַ֖ס וּ⁠קְצַ֣ף שַׂגִּ֑יא1These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his anger. Alternate translation: “was incredibly angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
612:12y1cfלְ⁠כֹ֖ל חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל1Alternate translation: “all the men in Babylon”
622:13w1hkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוְ⁠דָתָ֣⁠א נֶפְקַ֔ת1The decree is spoken of as if it was alive and able to go out by itself. Alternate translation: “So the king issued a command” or “So the king gave a command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
632:13m5crrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠חַכִּֽימַיָּ֖⁠א מִֽתְקַטְּלִ֑ין1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the soldiers were to kill all of the wise men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
642:14fm3nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletעֵטָ֣א וּ⁠טְעֵ֔ם1These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his prudence. Alternate translation: “with caution and careful judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
652:14cj8prc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesלְ⁠אַרְי֕וֹךְ1**Arioch** was the name of the king’s commander. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
662:14a4faטַבָּחַיָּ֖⁠א1This is a group of men whose job is to protect the king.
672:16ju9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ⁠דָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל עַ֖ל1Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate translation: “Then Daniel went to the palace” or “Then Daniel went to talk with the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
682:17bbc8לְ⁠בַיְתֵ֣⁠הּ1This is referring to Daniel’s house.
692:17ijt3מִלְּתָ֥⁠א1Alternate translation: “the king’s decree”
702:18yhz1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveדִּ֣י לָ֤א יְהֹֽבְדוּן֙ דָּנִיֵּ֣אל וְ⁠חַבְר֔וֹ⁠הִי1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the king would not kill Daniel and his companions” or “so that the king’s soldiers would not kill Daniel and his companions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
712:19nq22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveרָזָ֣⁠ה גֲלִ֑י1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God revealed the mystery” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
722:19s94iרָזָ֣⁠ה1This is referring to the king’s dream and its meaning.
732:20e8z9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלֶהֱוֵ֨א שְׁמֵ֤⁠הּ דִּֽי־אֱלָהָ⁠א֙ מְבָרַ֔ךְ1Here **name** refers to God himself. Alternate translation: “Praise God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
742:21p54iGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThese verses are also part of Daniel’s prayer.
752:21xy7wמְהַעְדֵּ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין1Alternate translation: “he takes away kings’ authority to rule”
762:21k348וּ⁠מְהָקֵ֣ים מַלְכִ֑ין1Alternate translation: “and makes new kings rule over their kingdoms”
772:22v5bqו⁠נהיר⁠א עִמֵּ֥⁠הּ שְׁרֵֽא1Alternate translation: “and the light comes from where God is”
782:23e5ycrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThis verse is also part of Daniel’s prayer. He stops addressing God in the third person and switches to the more personal second person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
792:23b3gaהֽוֹדַעְתַּ֨⁠נִי֙ דִּֽי־בְעֵ֣ינָא מִנָּ֔⁠ךְ1Alternate translation: “you told me what my friends and I asked you to tell us”
802:23x268מִלַּ֥ת מַלְכָּ֖⁠א הוֹדַעְתֶּֽ⁠נָא1Alternate translation: “you told us what the king wants to know”
812:24le8hrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesאַרְי֔וֹךְ1**Arioch** was the name of the king’s commander. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
822:26z3qqrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר1**Belteshazzar** was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
832:27r8dhרָזָ⁠ה֙ דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֣⁠א שָׁאֵ֔ל1This phrase refers to the king’s dream.
842:29as3urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ⁠גָלֵ֧א רָזַיָּ֛⁠א1This phrase refers to God. Alternate translation: “and God, who reveals mysteries” or “and God, who makes mysteries known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
852:30v6btrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveרָזָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה גֱּלִ֣י לִ֑⁠י1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God revealed this mystery to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
862:30ca22rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוְ⁠רַעְיוֹנֵ֥י לִבְבָ֖⁠ךְ תִּנְדַּֽע1Here **your mind** refers to the king. Alternate translation: “so that you may know your deepest thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
872:34e77jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveהִתְגְּזֶ֤רֶת אֶ֨בֶן֙ דִּי־לָ֣א בִ⁠ידַ֔יִן1This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone, not a human, cut a stone from a mountain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
882:35si32rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileכְּ⁠ע֣וּר מִן־אִדְּרֵי־קַ֔יִט וּ⁠נְשָׂ֤א הִמּוֹן֙ רוּחָ֔⁠א1This phrase is comparing the pieces of the statue to small and light things which could be blown away by the wind. Alternate translation: “like dry pieces of grass blowing away in the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
892:35fe57rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotesוְ⁠כָל־אֲתַ֖ר לָא־הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח לְ⁠ה֑וֹן1This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that they were completely gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
902:35nfy2וּ⁠מְלָ֥ת כָּל־אַרְעָֽ⁠א1Alternate translation: “and spread over the whole earth”
912:36utl6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronounsנֵאמַ֥ר1Here **we** refers only to Daniel. He may have used to plural form in humility to avoid taking credit for knowing the meaning of the dream that God had revealed to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
922:37e2xgמֶ֖לֶךְ מַלְכַיָּ֑⁠א1Alternate translation: “are the most important king” or “are a king who rules over other kings”
932:37gfj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletחִסְנָ֛⁠א וְ⁠תָקְפָּ֥⁠א1These words mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
942:38lz1mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyיְהַ֣ב בִּ⁠ידָ֔⁠ךְ1Here **hand** refers to control. Alternate translation: “he has given you control over them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
952:38flm9וְ⁠עוֹף־שְׁמַיָּ⁠א֙1Here **heavens** is used in the sense of “skies.”
962:38ffq7rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageאַנְתְּה־ה֔וּא רֵאשָׁ֖⁠ה דִּ֥י דַהֲבָֽ⁠א1In the king’s dream the statue’s head represents the king. Alternate translation: “The golden head symbolizes you” or “The golden head is a symbol of you and your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
972:39t5ctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitתְּק֛וּם מַלְכ֥וּ אָחֳרִ֖י1In the king’s dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. Alternate translation: “another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise” or “another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
982:39c45rrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageוּ⁠מַלְכ֨וּ תליתיא אָחֳרִי֙ דִּ֣י נְחָשָׁ֔⁠א1This is symbolic language where the bronze of parts of the statue represent a future kingdom. Alternate translation: “then still another kingdom, which is represented by the bronze parts of the statue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
992:39k4z1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalוּ⁠מַלְכ֨וּ תליתיא אָחֳרִי֙1“then kingdom number three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1002:40q2dlrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalוּ⁠מַלְכוּ֙ רביעיה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א1“Then there will be a kingdom number four” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1012:40d7bfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileתַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּ⁠פַרְזְלָ֑⁠א1The fourth kingdom is spoken of as being as **strong as iron**. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1022:40rjj2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageכָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְ⁠תֵרֹֽעַ1This symbolic language means the fourth kingdom will defeat and replace the other kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1032:40qn2jכָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין1Alternate translation: “the previous kingdoms”
1042:41lp4zוְ⁠דִֽי־חֲזַ֜יְתָה1Nebuchadnezzar **saw** that the feet consisted of clay and iron. He did not see the process of making the feet.
1052:43c3hfוְ⁠לָֽא־לֶהֱוֺ֥ן דָּבְקִ֖ין דְּנָ֣ה עִם־דְּנָ֑ה1Alternate translation: “but they will not remain united”
1062:44fan9וּֽ⁠בְ⁠יוֹמֵי⁠ה֞וֹן דִּ֧י מַלְכַיָּ֣⁠א אִנּ֗וּן1Here **those kings** refers to the rulers of the kingdoms symbolized by the different parts of the statue.
1072:44d96crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveדִּ֤י לְ⁠עָלְמִין֙ לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וּ⁠מַ֨לְכוּתָ֔⁠ה לְ⁠עַ֥ם אָחֳרָ֖ן לָ֣א תִשְׁתְּבִ֑ק1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy, and that another people never conquer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1082:45u69arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמִ⁠טּוּרָ⁠א֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִ⁠ידַ֗יִן1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone cut a stone from the mountain, but it was not a human who cut it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1092:46hb4src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionנְפַ֣ל עַל־אַנְפּ֔וֹ⁠הִי1This symbolic act showed that the king was honoring Daniel. Alternate translation: “lay down with his face on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1102:46xf46rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִנְחָה֙ וְ⁠נִ֣יחֹחִ֔ין אֲמַ֖ר לְ⁠נַסָּ֥כָה לֵֽ⁠הּ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he ordered his servants to make an offering and to offer up incense to Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1112:47jz9sמִן־קְשֹׁט֙ דִּ֣י אֱלָהֲ⁠כ֗וֹן1Alternate translation: “It is true that your God”
1122:47q3ruאֱלָ֧הּ אֱלָהִ֛ין וּ⁠מָרֵ֥א מַלְכִ֖ין1Alternate translation: “greater than all the other gods, and King over all other kings”
1132:47ifr1וְ⁠גָלֵ֣ה רָזִ֑ין1Translate **the one who reveals mysteries** as in [Daniel 2:29](../02/29.md).
1142:47h6mdלְ⁠מִגְלֵ֖א רָזָ֥⁠ה דְנָֽה1Alternate translation: “to reveal the mystery of my dream”
1152:48lz5pוְ⁠הַ֨שְׁלְטֵ֔⁠הּ1Alternate translation: “and the king made Daniel the ruler”
1162:49pp5rלְ⁠שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַ⁠עֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ1These were the Babylonian names of the three Jewish men who were brought to Babylon with Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md)
1173:introfc6f0# Daniel 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The king’s new idol\n\nShadrach, Meshach, and Abednego refused to worship the new idol. In the ancient Near East, refusing to worship the king was a sign of rebellion against the king. It was often considered the crime of treason. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])\n\n### The furnace\n\nThere was a fourth person with them in the furnace, and because of this they were not hurt. Most scholars believe this to be Jesus before he was born.
1183:1vj2crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗⁠א עֲבַד֙ צְלֵ֣ם דִּֽי־דְהַ֔ב & אֲקִימֵ⁠הּ֙1Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to make a gold statue … They set it up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1193:1l4e2rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistanceרוּמֵ⁠הּ֙ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין פְּתָיֵ֖⁠הּ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁ֑ת1A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “that was about 27 meters tall and almost 3 meters wide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1203:1r51yrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבְּ⁠בִקְעַ֣ת דּוּרָ֔א1This is a location within the kingdom of Babylon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1213:2pj4sלַֽ⁠אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡⁠א סִגְנַיָּ֣⁠א וּֽ⁠פַחֲוָתָ֡⁠א1These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory.
1223:2yr48גְדָ֨בְרַיָּ֤⁠א1These officials are in charge of money.
1233:3qh6fאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֡⁠א סִגְנַיָּ֣⁠א וּֽ⁠פַחֲוָתָ֡⁠א1See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
1243:4huk2וְ⁠כָרוֹזָ֖⁠א1A **herald** is an official messenger for the king.
1253:4z125rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveלְ⁠כ֤וֹן אָֽמְרִין֙1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “The king commands you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1263:4by5mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyעַֽמְמַיָּ֔⁠א אֻמַּיָּ֖⁠א וְ⁠לִשָּׁנַיָּֽ⁠א1Here **nations** and **languages** represent people from different nations who speak different languages. Alternate translation: “O people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1273:5mml9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionתִּפְּל֤וּן וְ⁠תִסְגְּדוּן֙1Alternate translation: “you must stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1283:5c6tzתִּפְּל֤וּן1Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down.”
1293:6z9s5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מַן־דִּי־לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל וְ⁠יִסְגֻּ֑ד בַּ⁠הּ־שַׁעֲתָ֣⁠א יִתְרְמֵ֔א לְ⁠גֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּֽ⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers will throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not fall down and worship the statue at the very moment they hear the music” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1303:6xue4לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל1Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
1313:6x9ikאַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּֽ⁠א1This is a large room filled with a hot fire.
1323:7i26fקַרְנָ⁠א֩ מַשְׁר֨וֹקִיתָ֜⁠א קיתרס שַׂבְּכָא֙ פְּסַנְטֵרִ֔ין1These are musical instruments. See how you translated these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
1333:7x2pprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleכָּֽל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֜⁠א אֻמַיָּ֣⁠א וְ⁠לִשָּׁנַיָּ֗⁠א1Here **all** that means all the people who were present. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1343:7y1q9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyעַֽמְמַיָּ֜⁠א אֻמַיָּ֣⁠א וְ⁠לִשָּׁנַיָּ֗⁠א1Here **nations** and **languages** represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1353:7vyk5נָֽפְלִ֨ין1Here **fell down** means “quickly lay down”
1363:7xg6trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionנָֽפְלִ֨ין & סָֽגְדִין֙1They did this to worship the statue. Alternate translation: “stretched themselves out on the ground face down to worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1373:7mi49rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְ⁠צֶ֣לֶם דַּהֲבָ֔⁠א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ים נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מַלְכָּֽ⁠א1Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the golden statue that King Nebuchadnezzar’s men had set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1383:8vy1kכָּ⁠ל־קֳבֵ֤ל דְּנָה֙1This word is used to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about some new people in the story.
1393:9hf48מַלְכָּ֖⁠א לְ⁠עָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי1This was a common greeting to the king.
1403:10dzb5קַרְנָ֣⁠א מַ֠שְׁרֹקִיתָ⁠א קיתרס שַׂבְּכָ֤א פְסַנְתֵּרִין֙ ו⁠סיפניה1These are musical instruments. See how you translated some of these words in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
1413:10jiv5יִפֵּ֥ל1Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
1423:10h3iurc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionיִפֵּ֥ל וְ⁠יִסְגֻּ֖ד1The people would do this to **worship** the statue. Alternate translation: “must stretch himself out on the ground face down to worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1433:11u6bmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מַן־דִּי־לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל וְ⁠יִסְגֻּ֑ד יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְ⁠גֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּֽ⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But your soldiers must throw into a blazing furnace anyone who does not lie down on the ground and worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1443:11qdc6לָ֥א יִפֵּ֖ל1Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
1453:11p2l2אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּֽ⁠א1This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
1463:12anm2שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַ⁠עֲבֵ֣ד1These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
1473:12ejy1לָא־שָׂ֨מֽוּ עלי⁠ך & טְעֵ֔ם1Alternate translation: “do not pay attention to you”
1483:12a7m8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ⁠לְ⁠צֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛⁠א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ & סָגְדִֽין1Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “or worship the golden statue your men have set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1493:13jjl4לְ⁠שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַ⁠עֲבֵ֣ד1These are the Babylonian names of the three Jewish friends of Daniel. See how you translated these names in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
1503:14t6f3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהֲקֵ֖ימֶת1Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “my men have set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1513:15kak3קַרְנָ֣⁠א מַשְׁרוֹקִיתָ֣⁠א קיתרס שַׂבְּכָ֡א פְּסַנְתֵּרִין֩ וְ⁠סוּמְפֹּ֨נְיָ֜ה1These are musical instruments. See how you translated this list in [Daniel 3:5](../03/05.md).
1523:15l9elתִּפְּל֣וּן1Here **fall down** means “quickly lie down”
1533:15ws27rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionתִּפְּל֣וּן וְ⁠תִסְגְּדוּן֮1Alternate translation: “stretch yourselves out on the ground face down in worship of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1543:15td6rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyלְ⁠צַלְמָ֣⁠א דִֽי־עַבְדֵת֒1Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “the statue that my men have made, all will be well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1553:15vth1עַבְדֵת֒1Alternate translation: “I have made, there will no longer be a problem” or “I have made, you will be free to go”
1563:15gz3yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveבַּ⁠הּ־שַׁעֲתָ֣⁠ה תִתְרְמ֔וֹן לְ⁠גֽוֹא־אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּ֑⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my soldiers will immediately throw you into a blazing furnace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1573:15sl8aאַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּ֑⁠א1This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
1583:15z8gtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionוּ⁠מַן־ה֣וּא אֱלָ֔הּ דֵּ֥י יְשֵֽׁיזְבִנְ⁠כ֖וֹן מִן־יְדָֽ⁠י1The king does not expect an answer. He is threatening the three men. Alternate translation: “No god is able to rescue you from my power!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1593:15hw83rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyמִן־יְדָֽ⁠י1Here **hands** refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “from my punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1603:17d2kcאַתּ֨וּן נוּרָ֧⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּ֛⁠א1This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
1613:17sj5qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ⁠מִן־יְדָ֥⁠ךְ1Here “hand” refers to power to punish. Alternate translation: “and … from your punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1623:18mc1dוְ⁠הֵ֣ן לָ֔א יְדִ֥יעַ לֶהֱוֵא־לָ֖⁠ךְ מַלְכָּ֑⁠א דִּ֤י1Alternate translation: “But king, we must let you know that even if our God does not rescue us”
1633:18iq7trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוּ⁠לְ⁠צֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛⁠א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ1Nebuchadnezzar commanded his men to do this work, he did not do the work himself. Alternate translation: “or … the golden statue your men set up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1643:19bt7krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר הִתְמְלִ֣י חֱמָ֗א1The king was so angry that rage is spoken of as if it were filling him up. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar became extremely angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1653:19e99grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomעָנֵ֤ה וְ⁠אָמַר֙ לְ⁠מֵזֵ֣א לְ⁠אַתּוּנָ֔⁠א חַ֨ד־שִׁבְעָ֔ה עַ֛ל דִּ֥י חֲזֵ֖ה לְ⁠מֵזְיֵֽ⁠הּ1Here **seven times more than it was normally heated** is an idiom that means to make it very much hotter. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He commanded his men to make the furnace very much hotter than they normally make it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1663:21r7ttוְ⁠כַרְבְּלָתְ⁠ה֖וֹן1These **hats** were head covering made of wrapped cloth.
1673:21xya5אַתּ֥וּן נוּרָ֖⁠א יָקִֽדְתָּֽ⁠א1This is a large room filled with a hot fire. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:6](../03/06.md).
1683:22v2v9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמִן־דִּ֞י מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּ⁠א֙ מַחְצְפָ֔ה1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the men quickly did what the king commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1693:24kzd8הֲ⁠לָא֩ גֻבְרִ֨ין תְּלָתָ֜א רְמֵ֤ינָא לְ⁠גוֹא־נוּרָ⁠א֙ מְכַפְּתִ֔ין1Alternate translation: “We threw three men tied up into the fire, right?”
1703:25gy5src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalוְ⁠רֵוֵ⁠הּ֙ דִּ֣י רביעי⁠א דָּמֵ֖ה לְ⁠בַר־אֱלָהִֽין1The gods were believed to shine brightly with light. Alternate translation: “Man four is shining brightly with light as a son of the gods would shine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1713:27ru5iאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֞⁠א סִגְנַיָּ֣⁠א וּ⁠פַחֲוָתָ⁠א֮1These are officials who have authority over different sizes of territory. See how you translated these in [Daniel 3:2](../03/02.md).
1723:27g7e8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠שְׂעַ֤ר רֵֽאשְׁ⁠הוֹן֙ לָ֣א הִתְחָרַ֔ךְ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire had not singed the hair on their heads” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1733:27jr79לָ֣א הִתְחָרַ֔ךְ1Alternate translation: “was not burned even a little”
1743:27nuu7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠סָרְבָּלֵי⁠ה֖וֹן לָ֣א שְׁנ֑וֹ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the fire did not harm their robes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1753:27hv4bוְ⁠רֵ֣יחַ נ֔וּר לָ֥א עֲדָ֖ת בְּ⁠הֽוֹן1Alternate translation: “and they did not smell like fire”
1763:28x5harc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוּ⁠מִלַּ֤ת מַלְכָּ⁠א֙ שַׁנִּ֔יו1Not obeying the king’s command is spoken of as if they had physically moved it away from them. Alternate translation: “and they ignored my command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1773:28uld8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomוִ⁠יהַ֣בוּ גשמי⁠הון1This phrase refers to the three men’s willingness to die for what they believed. Alternate translation: “and they were willing to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1783:28s95dלְ⁠כָל־אֱלָ֔הּ לָהֵ֖ן לֵ⁠אלָֽהֲ⁠הֽוֹן1Alternate translation: “any other god except their God”
1793:29pnl6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveכָל־עַ֨ם אֻמָּ֜ה וְ⁠לִשָּׁ֗ן דִּֽי־יֵאמַ֤ר שלה עַ֣ל אֱלָהֲ⁠ה֗וֹן דִּֽי־שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַ⁠עֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹא הַדָּמִ֣ין יִתְעֲבֵ֔ד וּ⁠בַיְתֵ֖⁠הּ נְוָלִ֣י יִשְׁתַּוֵּ֑ה1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my servants will tear apart any people, nation, or language that speaks anything offensive against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego and will tear them limb from limb and make their houses into piles of garbage” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1803:29h7gqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyכָל־עַ֨ם אֻמָּ֜ה וְ⁠לִשָּׁ֗ן דִּֽי־יֵאמַ֤ר1Here **nation** and **language** represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “any people from any nation, or those who speak any language that says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1813:29qb3cיֵאמַ֤ר שלה עַ֣ל אֱלָהֲ⁠ה֗וֹן1Alternate translation: “speaks words that do not respect the God”
1823:29t5vbהַדָּמִ֣ין יִתְעֲבֵ֔ד1Alternate translation: “must have their bodies torn apart”
1833:29lw5hלָ֤א אִיתַי֙ אֱלָ֣ה אָחֳרָ֔ן דִּֽי־יִכֻּ֥ל לְ⁠הַצָּלָ֖ה כִּ⁠דְנָֽה1This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only their God is able to save like this”
1844:introdu520# Daniel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 4:3 and 4:34-35.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The king becomes insane\n\nThe king became insane until he realized that Yahweh was the ruler over everyone, including him.
1854:1s72grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn this chapter, Nebuchadnezzar tells what God did to him. In verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. Verses 19-33 switch to the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. Verses 34-37 change back to first person as Nebuchadnezzar describes his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1864:1ykj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗⁠א לְֽ⁠כָל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֞⁠א אֻמַיָּ֧⁠א וְ⁠לִשָּׁנַיָּ֛⁠א דִּֽי־דארין בְּ⁠כָל־אַרְעָ֖⁠א1This introduces the king’s message to the people who would receive it. Your language may have a way to introduce a message. Alternate translation: “This is the message from Nebuchadnezzar to all the peoples, nations, and languages that live in all the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1874:1sx24rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyעַֽמְמַיָּ֞⁠א אֻמַיָּ֧⁠א וְ⁠לִשָּׁנַיָּ֛⁠א1Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1884:1rcl7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleדִּֽי־דארין בְּ⁠כָל־אַרְעָ֖⁠א1Kings would often exaggerate how wide their kingdom was. Nebuchadnezzar did rule over most of the known world at the time this book was written. Alternate translation: “who live in the kingdom of Babylon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1894:1ew1jשְׁלָמְ⁠כ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא1This is a common greeting.
1904:2t8rlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletאָֽתַיָּ⁠א֙ וְ⁠תִמְהַיָּ֔⁠א1These words share similar meanings and refer to the amazing things that God had done. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1914:3jyl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismאָת֨וֹ⁠הִי֙ כְּ⁠מָ֣ה רַבְרְבִ֔ין וְ⁠תִמְה֖וֹ⁠הִי כְּ⁠מָ֣ה תַקִּיפִ֑ין1Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are used to emphasize how great God’s signs and wonders are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1924:3mz21rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismמַלְכוּתֵ⁠הּ֙ מַלְכ֣וּת עָלַ֔ם וְ⁠שָׁלְטָנֵ֖⁠הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְ⁠דָֽר1Both of these phrases have the same meaning and are repeated to emphasize how God’s reign is forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1934:4xpm6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1944:4p8ntrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismשְׁלֵ֤ה הֲוֵית֙ בְּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י וְ⁠רַעְנַ֖ן בְּ⁠הֵיכְלִֽ⁠י1These two phrases are parallel and mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1954:4zv52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletבְּ⁠בֵיתִ֔⁠י & בְּ⁠הֵיכְלִֽ⁠י1These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1964:5fmk5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletחֵ֥לֶם & וְ⁠הַרְהֹרִין֙ & וְ⁠חֶזְוֵ֥י1These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1974:5u6n6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוִֽ⁠ידַחֲלִנַּ֑⁠נִי & יְבַהֲלֻנַּֽ⁠נִי1These phrases are parallel and they mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1984:7l5u7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1994:8aej3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveדִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֤⁠הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2004:8dhx3בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙1**Belteshazzar** was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
2014:9x1x7וְ⁠כָל־רָ֖ז לָא־אָנֵ֣ס לָ֑⁠ךְ1The can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “and you understand the meaning of every mystery”
2024:10vz2brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2034:10h4t8וְ⁠רוּמֵ֥⁠הּ שַׂגִּֽיא1Alternate translation: “and it was very tall”
2044:11w5t1rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageוְ⁠רוּמֵ⁠הּ֙ יִמְטֵ֣א לִ⁠שְׁמַיָּ֔⁠א וַ⁠חֲזוֹתֵ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠ס֥וֹף כָּל־אַרְעָֽ⁠א1This is symbolic language that exaggerates how tall and how well-known the tree was. Alternate translation: “It seemed that its top reached up to the sky and that everyone in the world could see it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2054:12c94iוְ⁠אִנְבֵּ֣⁠הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא1Alternate translation: “there was a lot of fruit on the tree”
2064:12bvq7וּ⁠מָז֨וֹן לְ⁠כֹ֖לָּ⁠א־בֵ֑⁠הּ1Alternate translation: “and in it was food for all people and animals”
2074:13s8rqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2084:14l1nvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitקָרֵ֨א בְ⁠חַ֜יִל וְ⁠כֵ֣ן אָמַ֗ר1It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate translation: “He shouted to some people and said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2094:14rd55תְּנֻ֤ד חֵֽיוְתָ⁠א֙ מִן־תַּחְתּ֔וֹ⁠הִי וְ⁠צִפְּרַיָּ֖⁠א מִן־עַנְפֽוֹ⁠הִי1Alternate translation: “The animals will flee from under it and the bird will fly away from its branches”
2104:15eb7uעִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֨וֹ⁠הִי֙1The **stump** is the part of the tree that is left above the ground after a tree is cut down.
2114:15e8ljוּ⁠בְ⁠טַ֤ל שְׁמַיָּ⁠א֙1The **dew of heaven** is the moisture that is found on the ground in the mornings.
2124:16f3wxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronounsלִבְבֵ⁠הּ֙ מִן־אנוש⁠א יְשַׁנּ֔וֹן וּ⁠לְבַ֥ב חֵיוָ֖ה יִתְיְהִ֣ב לֵ֑⁠הּ1Since the tree represents Nebuchadnezzar, the masculine pronouns “his” and “him” in verse 16 refer to the same tree as the neuter pronoun “it” in verse 15. Alternate translation: “The man’s mind will change from a man’s mind to an animal’s mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
2134:17k6kqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 1-18, Nebuchadnezzar describes in the first person his vision from God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2144:17j1ferc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מֵאמַ֥ר קַדִּישִׁ֖ין שְׁאֵֽלְתָ֑⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the holy ones have made this decision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2154:17m2nprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitקַדִּישִׁ֖ין1This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate translation: “the holy angels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2164:17y8ihחַ֠יַּיָּ⁠א1Alternate translation: “every living person” or “everyone”
2174:17aas5יִתְּנִנַּ֔⁠הּ1Alternate translation: “gives the kingdom”
2184:18kjd4בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֜ר1**Belteshazzar** was the name the Babylonians gave to Daniel. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 1:7](../01/07.md).
2194:18jr6iו⁠אנתה כָּהֵ֔ל1Alternate translation: “But you are able to interpret it”
2204:18pl5qרֽוּחַ־אֱלָהִ֥ין קַדִּישִׁ֖ין1Nebuchadnezzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false gods that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. These are not the same as “the holy ones” in verse 17. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
2214:19n8fkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2224:19u9rcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveדִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֣⁠הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who I also named Belteshazzar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2234:19a33vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ כְּ⁠שָׁעָ֣ה חֲדָ֔ה וְ⁠רַעְיֹנֹ֖⁠הִי יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑⁠הּ1Daniel’s understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. Alternate translation: “did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2244:19kf99חֶלְמָ֥⁠א ל⁠שנאי⁠ך וּ⁠פִשְׁרֵ֥⁠הּ ל⁠ערי⁠ך1Daniel is expressing his wish that the dream was not about Nebuchadnezzar, even though he knew that it really was about the king.
2254:20vj36rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]). Many terms in this verse are almost the same as in [Daniel 4:11](../04/11.md). See how you translated that verse.
2264:20x69src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleלִ⁠שְׁמַיָּ֔⁠א & לְ⁠כָל־אַרְעָֽ⁠א1These phrases are exaggerations to emphasize that everyone everywhere knew how great Nebuchadnezzar was. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2274:21mm9pGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nMany terms in this verse are almost the same as [Daniel 4:12](../04/12.md). See how you translated that verse.
2284:21rfj9וְ⁠אִנְבֵּ֣⁠הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא1Alternate translation: “and which bore a great amount of fruit”
2294:22uq3hאנתה־ה֣וּא מַלְכָּ֔⁠א1Alternate translation: “This tree represents you, O king”
2304:22gfs2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוּ⁠רְבוּתָ֤⁠ךְ רְבָת֙ וּ⁠מְטָ֣ת לִ⁠שְׁמַיָּ֔⁠א וְ⁠שָׁלְטָנָ֖⁠ךְ לְ⁠ס֥וֹף אַרְעָֽ⁠א1These two phrases mean similar things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2314:22s8jtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוּ⁠רְבוּתָ֤⁠ךְ רְבָת֙1This phrase is using the word **grown** as a way of saying the king’s greatness has increased. Alternate translation: “Your greatness has increased” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2324:23w9s5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThis verse is almost the same as [Daniel 4:13-14](./13.md) and [Daniel 4:15-16](./15.md). See how you translated those verses. Verses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2334:23c89tעִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֨וֹ⁠הִי֙1This **stump** is the part of the tree that is left above ground after a tree is cut down.
2344:23i27pבְּ⁠דִתְאָ֖⁠א דִּ֣י בָרָ֑⁠א1Alternate translation: “surrounded by the tender grass of the field”
2354:23bx4zוּ⁠בְ⁠טַ֧ל שְׁמַיָּ֣⁠א1The **dew of heaven** is the moisture that settles on the ground in the mornings.
2364:24f3tzדִּ֥י מְטָ֖ת עַל1Alternate translation: “that you have heard”
2374:25fd8src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠לָ֣⁠ךְ טָֽרְדִ֣ין מִן־אֲנָשָׁ֡⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that men will drive you away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2384:25gq52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠עִשְׂבָּ֥⁠א & לָ֣⁠ךְ יְטַֽעֲמ֗וּן1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You will eat grass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2394:26fgn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2404:26tcg3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyשַׁלִּטִ֖ן שְׁמַיָּֽ⁠א1Here **Heaven** refers to God who lives in heaven. Alternate translation: “God in heaven is the ruler of all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2414:27yna6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמִלְכִּ⁠י֙ יִשְׁפַּ֣ר עלי⁠ך1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please accept my advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2424:27s3j8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorו⁠חטי⁠ך & פְרֻ֔ק1Here rejecting iniquity is spoken of as breaking it off. Alternate translation: “reject your iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2434:27j7avrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjעֲנָ֑יִן1This nominal adjective refers to people who are oppressed. Alternate translation: “people who are oppressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2444:27a7umrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveתֶּהֱוֵ֥א אַרְכָ֖ה לִ⁠שְׁלֵוְתָֽ⁠ךְ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God may extend your prosperity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2454:28rq19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2464:29jn5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2474:30p8hirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionהֲ⁠לָ֥א דָא־הִ֖יא בָּבֶ֣ל רַבְּתָ֑⁠א דִּֽי־אֲנָ֤ה בֱנַיְתַ⁠הּ֙ לְ⁠בֵ֣ית מַלְכ֔וּ בִּ⁠תְקַ֥ף חִסְנִ֖⁠י וְ⁠לִ⁠יקָ֥ר הַדְרִֽ⁠י1Nebuchadnezzar asks this question to emphasize his own glory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the great Babylon, which I have built as a royal residence by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2484:30csl9וְ⁠לִ⁠יקָ֥ר הַדְרִֽ⁠י1Alternate translation: “to show people my honor and my greatness”
2494:31g7xgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2504:31fjl7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomע֗וֹד מִלְּתָ⁠א֙ בְּ⁠פֻ֣ם מַלְכָּ֔⁠א1This idiom means the king was still in the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “While the king was still speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2514:31cv67קָ֖ל מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֣⁠א נְפַ֑ל1Alternate translation: “he heard a voice from heaven”
2524:31pt4urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמַלְכוּתָ֖⁠ה עֲדָ֥ת מִנָּֽ⁠ךְ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will no longer rule over this kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2534:32f4usrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִן־אֲנָשָׁ⁠א֩ לָ֨⁠ךְ טָֽרְדִ֜ין1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will chase you away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2544:32m551וּ⁠לְ⁠מַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖א1Alternate translation: “and : to whoever he chooses”
2554:33ydj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nVerses 19-33 use the third person to describe the punishment of Nebuchadnezzar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2564:33xpp3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveבַּ⁠הּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗⁠א מִלְּתָ⁠א֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This decree against Nebuchadnezzar happened immediately” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2574:33chd6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִן־אֲנָשָׁ֣⁠א טְרִ֔יד1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2584:33t4b6וְ⁠טִפְר֥וֹ⁠הִי כְ⁠צִפְּרִֽין1Alternate translation: “and his fingernails looked like birds’ claws”
2594:34amm1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2604:34b17lוְ⁠לִ⁠קְצָ֣ת יֽוֹמַיָּ⁠ה֩1This refers back to the seven years in [Daniel 4:32](../04/32.md).
2614:34ltf5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מַנְדְּעִ⁠י֙ עֲלַ֣⁠י יְת֔וּב1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and my sanity came back to me” or “and I became sane again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2624:34ucj3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismו⁠ל⁠עלי⁠א בָּרְכֵ֔ת וּ⁠לְ⁠חַ֥י עָלְמָ֖⁠א שַׁבְּחֵ֣ת וְ⁠הַדְּרֵ֑ת1The two phrases refer to the same action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2634:34nk8urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismדִּ֤י שָׁלְטָנֵ⁠הּ֙ שָׁלְטָ֣ן עָלַ֔ם וּ⁠מַלְכוּתֵ֖⁠הּ עִם־דָּ֥ר וְ⁠דָֽר1These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize how God’s reign never ends. Alternate translation: “He rules forever and his kingdom will never end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2644:35ce6urc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2654:35dgr8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠כָל־דארי אַרְעָ⁠א֙ כְּ⁠לָ֣ה חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He considers all the earth’s inhabitants as nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2664:35cpy8וְ⁠כָל־דארי אַרְעָ⁠א֙1Alternate translation: “All the people on the earth”
2674:35p415בְּ⁠חֵ֣יל שְׁמַיָּ֔⁠א1Alternate translation: “among the angel armies in heaven”
2684:35zpn8וּֽ⁠כְ⁠מִצְבְּיֵ֗⁠הּ1Alternate translation: “whatever satisfies his purpose” or “anything he wants to do”
2694:35im6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ⁠לָ֤א אִיתַי֙ דִּֽי־יְמַחֵ֣א בִ⁠ידֵ֔⁠הּ1It may be helpful to add additional detail. Alternate translation: “When he decides to do something, no one can stop him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2704:35ebf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotationsוְ⁠יֵ֥אמַר לֵ֖⁠הּ מָ֥ה עֲבַֽדְתְּ1This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “or can question what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2714:36m6m5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn verses 34-37 Nebuchadnezzar speaks in the first person to describe his response to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2724:36rz1drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationמַנְדְּעִ֣⁠י ׀ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֗⁠י1Here his sanity is spoken of as if it was able to return by its own power. Alternate translation: “I became sane again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2734:36pb8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationהַדְרִ֤⁠י וְ⁠זִוִ⁠י֙ יְת֣וּב עֲלַ֔⁠י1Here his majesty and splendor are spoken of as if they were able to return by their own power. Alternate translation: “I regained my majesty and my splendor again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2744:36nq38rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletהַדְרִ֤⁠י וְ⁠זִוִ⁠י֙1These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of his glory. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2754:36c3xyוְ⁠לִ֕⁠י הַדָּֽבְרַ֥⁠י וְ⁠רַבְרְבָנַ֖⁠י יְבַע֑וֹן1Alternate translation: “My counselors and my noblemen requested my help again”
2764:36ks6brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠עַל־מַלְכוּתִ֣⁠י הָתְקְנַ֔ת וּ⁠רְב֥וּ יַתִּירָ֖ה ה֥וּסְפַת לִֽ⁠י1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I returned to rule my kingdom again, and I received even more greatness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2774:37zgl2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletמְשַׁבַּ֨ח וּ⁠מְרוֹמֵ֤ם וּ⁠מְהַדַּר֙1All three of these words have basically the same meaning and emphasize how greatly he praised God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2784:37g1dfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomמַהְלְכִ֣ין בְּ⁠גֵוָ֔ה1This phrase uses **walk** to refer to the person who acts proud. Alternate translation: “who are proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2795:introe9pc0# Daniel 5 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The writing on the wall\n\nGod told the new king that he had failed and God was replacing him, showing that God is the real ruler over everything, even kingdoms that do not worship him.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin\nThese are words in Aramaic. Daniel “transliterates” these words by writing them with Hebrew letters, and then he explains their meanings. In the ULT and UST they are written with English letters. Translators are encouraged to write them using the letters of the target language alphabet.
2805:1cc4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֣ר1**Belshazzar** is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2815:1ix8krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersאֲלַ֑ף1“1,000 of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2825:1tre4וְ⁠לָ⁠קֳבֵ֥ל & חַמְרָ֥⁠א שָׁתֵֽה1Alternate translation: “and he drank wine in the presence of”
2835:2gsi3לְ⁠מָאנֵי֙1These **vessels** were cups and other items that were small enough for a person to hold and to drink from them.
2845:2lad2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהַנְפֵּק֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר אֲב֔⁠וּהִי1Here **Nebuchadnezzar** refers to Nebuchadnezzar’s army. Alternate translation: “his father Nebuchadnezzar’s army had taken” or “the army of Nebuchadnezzar his father had taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2855:3i1zmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveמָאנֵ֣י דַהֲבָ֔⁠א דִּ֣י הַנְפִּ֗קוּ מִן־הֵֽיכְלָ֛⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gold containers that the army of Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2865:3msp6מִן־הֵֽיכְלָ֛⁠א דִּֽי־בֵ֥ית אֱלָהָ֖⁠א1The phrase **the house of God** tells us something more about the temple. Alternate translation: “out of God’s temple”
2875:5lkd1בַּ⁠הּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗⁠ה1Alternate translation: “As soon as they did that” or “At that moment”
2885:5cra1גִּירָ֕⁠א1This refers to cement or mud that is spread on walls or ceilings to give them a smooth hard surface when it dries.
2895:6jn25מַלְכָּ⁠א֙ זִיוֺ֣⁠הִי שְׁנ֔וֹ⁠הִי1This change was caused by his fear. Alternate translation: “the king’s face became pale”
2905:6iee9וְ⁠אַ֨רְכֻבָּתֵ֔⁠הּ דָּ֥א לְ⁠דָ֖א נָֽקְשָֽׁן1This was the result of his extreme fear.
2915:7gz5cלְ⁠חַכִּימֵ֣י בָבֶ֗ל1This refers back collectively to **the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the astrologers** in the previous sentence.
2925:7ybp9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveדִּ֣י כָל־אֱ֠נָשׁ דִּֽי־יִקְרֵ֞ה כְּתָבָ֣⁠ה דְנָ֗ה וּ⁠פִשְׁרֵ⁠הּ֙ יְחַוִּנַּ֔⁠נִי אַרְגְּוָנָ֣⁠א יִלְבַּ֗שׁ ו⁠המונכ⁠א דִֽי־דַהֲבָ⁠א֙ עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֔⁠הּ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give purple clothes and a gold neck chain to whoever explains this writing and its meaning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2935:7ms1trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאַרְגְּוָנָ֣⁠א יִלְבַּ֗שׁ1Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “will be dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2945:7x9virc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalוְ⁠תַלְתִּ֥י בְ⁠מַלְכוּתָ֖⁠א יִשְׁלַֽט1Alternate translation: “and he will be the number three ruler in the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2955:9n4lnrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵלְשַׁאצַּר֙1**Belshazzar** is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2965:9gla9וְ⁠זִיוֺ֖⁠הִי שָׁנַ֣יִן עֲל֑וֹ⁠הִי1The face of the king grew even more pale than in [Daniel 5:6](../05/06.md). Alternate translation: “his face became even more pale”
2975:9w9stמִֽשְׁתַּבְּשִֽׁין1To be **perplexed** is to be unable to understand, or to be confused.
2985:10rw3vמַלְכְּתָ֕⁠א1Some modern versions understand this to be a reference to the queen mother, that is, to the king’s mother. The queen mother received much honor in ancient Babylon.
2995:10x55iמַלְכָּ⁠א֙ לְ⁠עָלְמִ֣ין חֱיִ֔י1This was a normal way to greet the king.
3005:10zq7cוְ⁠זִיוָ֖י⁠ךְ אַל־יִשְׁתַּנּֽוֹ1Alternate translation: “There is no need for your face to look so pale”
3015:11bql4ר֣וּחַ אֱלָהִ֣ין קַדִּישִׁין֮1The queen believed that Daniel’s power came from the false **gods** that Nebuchadnezzar worshiped. See how you translated this phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
3025:11c4n6וּ⁠בְ⁠יוֹמֵ֣י אֲב֗⁠וּךְ1Alternate translation: “When your father was ruling”
3035:11ss1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveנַהִיר֧וּ וְ⁠שָׂכְלְתָנ֛וּ וְ⁠חָכְמָ֥ה כְּ⁠חָכְמַת־אֱלָהִ֖ין הִשְׁתְּכַ֣חַת בֵּ֑⁠הּ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had light and understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3045:12n7warc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveר֣וּחַ ׀ יַתִּירָ֡ה וּ⁠מַנְדַּ֡ע וְ⁠שָׂכְלְתָנ֡וּ מְפַשַּׁ֣ר חֶלְמִין֩ וַֽ⁠אַֽחֲוָיַ֨ת אֲחִידָ֜ן וּ⁠מְשָׁרֵ֣א קִטְרִ֗ין הִשְׁתְּכַ֤חַת בֵּ⁠הּ֙ בְּ⁠דָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֥⁠א שָׂם־שְׁמֵ֖⁠הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֑ר1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar, had an excellent spirit, knowledge, and insight for interpreting dreams, explaining riddles and solving problems” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3055:13hn7grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveבֵּ⁠אדַ֨יִן֙ דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל הֻעַ֖ל קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then they brought Daniel before the king” or “Then the soldiers brought Daniel before the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3065:13sd23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyדִּ֥י הַיְתִ֛י מַלְכָּ֥⁠א אַ֖בִ⁠י מִן־יְהֽוּד1In this phrase **father** is being used to represent all of the soldiers. Alternate translation: “whom my father’s soldiers brought out of Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3075:14yxu5ר֥וּחַ אֱלָהִ֖ין1Belshazzar believed that Daniel’s power came from the false **gods** that Belshazzar worshiped. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 4:8](../04/08.md).
3085:14y4eyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠נַהִיר֧וּ וְ⁠שָׂכְלְתָנ֛וּ וְ⁠חָכְמָ֥ה יַתִּירָ֖ה הִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַת בָּֽ⁠ךְ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and … you have light and understanding and excellent wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3095:15c33vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠כְעַ֞ן הֻעַ֣לּוּ קָֽדָמַ֗⁠י חַכִּֽימַיָּ⁠א֙ אָֽשְׁפַיָּ֔⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now the wise men and enchanters have come in before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3105:15u817לְ⁠הוֹדָעֻתַ֑⁠נִי1Alternate translation: “tell me”
3115:16u2eyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveאַרְגְּוָנָ֣⁠א תִלְבַּ֗שׁ ו⁠המונכ⁠א דִֽי־דַהֲבָ⁠א֙ עַֽל־צַוְּארָ֔⁠ךְ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give you purple clothes and a gold neck chain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3125:16iyy2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאַרְגְּוָנָ֣⁠א תִלְבַּ֗שׁ1Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate translation: “you will be dressed in royal clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3135:16pud4rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalוְ⁠תַלְתָּ֥א בְ⁠מַלְכוּתָ֖⁠א תִּשְׁלַֽט1“and you will be the number three ruler of the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3145:17evt4מַתְּנָתָ⁠ךְ֙ לָ֣⁠ךְ לֶֽהֶוְיָ֔ן1Alternate translation: “I do not want your gifts”
3155:19l2ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleכֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗⁠א אֻמַיָּ⁠א֙ וְ⁠לִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔⁠א1This phrase uses the word **all** as a generalization that represents a large number. Alternate translation: “a great number of people, of different nations and languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3165:19q693rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyכֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗⁠א אֻמַיָּ⁠א֙ וְ⁠לִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔⁠א1Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3175:19bqb5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletהֲו֛וֹ זאעין וְ⁠דָחֲלִ֖ין מִן־קֳדָמ֑וֹ⁠הִי1These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the fear. Alternate translation: “were very afraid of him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3185:19ka6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyדִּֽי־הֲוָ֨ה צָבֵ֜א הֲוָ֣א קָטֵ֗ל1This phrase does not mean King Nebuchadnezzar put people to death himself, but rather those he commanded. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar commanded his soldiers to kill those he wanted to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3195:19t7riוְ⁠דִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מָרִ֔ים1Alternate translation: “He raised up those he wanted to raise up”
3205:19db8zוְ⁠דִֽי־הֲוָ֥ה צָבֵ֖א הֲוָ֥ה מַשְׁפִּֽיל1Alternate translation: “and he humbled those he wished to humble”
3215:20zu9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheרִ֣ם לִבְבֵ֔⁠הּ1Here **heart** refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king was arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3225:20g3wqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheוְ⁠רוּחֵ֖⁠הּ תִּֽקְפַ֣ת1Here **spirit** refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “and the king was hardened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3235:20bbj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠רוּחֵ֖⁠הּ תִּֽקְפַ֣ת1the stubbornness of the king is spoken of as if he were **hardened**. Alternate translation: “and the king became stubborn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3245:20w2txלַ⁠הֲזָדָ֑ה1He was rudely and overly confident.
3255:20nl2nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyהָנְחַת֙ מִן־כָּרְסֵ֣א מַלְכוּתֵ֔⁠הּ1Here “throne” refers to his authority to rule. Alternate translation: “his authority was taken away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3265:20z3bmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveהָנְחַת֙ מִן־כָּרְסֵ֣א מַלְכוּתֵ֔⁠הּ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people took away his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3275:21sl3grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מִן־בְּנֵי֩ אֲנָשָׁ֨⁠א טְרִ֜יד1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The people chased him away from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3285:21v3b5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠לִבְבֵ֣⁠הּ ׀ עִם־חֵיוְתָ֣⁠א שוי1Here **mind** represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “and he thought as an animal thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3295:21amq8וּ⁠מִ⁠טַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖⁠א1The **dew** is the moisture that is found on the ground in the mornings.
3305:21m4naוּ⁠לְ⁠מַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖ה1Alternate translation: “whomever he chooses”
3315:22z72qrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֔ר1**Belshazzar** was the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3325:22ij2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheלָ֥א הַשְׁפֵּ֖לְתְּ לִבְבָ֑⁠ךְ1Here **heart** refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate translation: “have not humbled yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3335:23fmz3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorוְ⁠עַ֣ל מָרֵֽא־שְׁמַיָּ֣⁠א ׀ הִתְרוֹמַ֡מְתָּ1To rebel against God is spoken of as raising oneself up against him. Alternate translation: “Instead, you have rebelled against the Lord of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3345:23qc6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitדִֽי־בַיְתֵ֜⁠הּ1What and where “his house” is can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “from his temple in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3355:23kj78rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠לֵֽ⁠אלָהָ֞⁠א דִּֽי־נִשְׁמְתָ֥⁠ךְ בִּ⁠ידֵ֛⁠הּ1Here “breath” refers to life and “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “but … the God who gives you breath” or “but … the God who has control over your entire life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3365:23th44וְ⁠כָל־אֹרְחָתָ֥⁠ךְ לֵ֖⁠הּ1Alternate translation: “and everything you do”
3375:24i8fsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠כְתָבָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה רְשִֽׁים1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and it wrote this message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3385:25rcy6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠דְנָ֥ה כְתָבָ֖⁠א דִּ֣י רְשִׁ֑ים1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “This is the message that the hand wrote” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3395:25ea1krc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterateמְנֵ֥א מְנֵ֖א תְּקֵ֥ל וּ⁠פַרְסִֽין1These are the Aramaic words that were written on the wall. Spell these words with the sounds that fit your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
3405:26tg8vמְנֵ֕א מְנָֽה־אֱלָהָ֥⁠א1Alternate translation: “‘Mene’ means ‘God has numbered”
3415:27q5ivתְּקֵ֑ל תְּקִ֥ילְתָּה1Alternate translation: “‘Tekel’ means ‘you are weighed”
3425:27sg5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorתְּקִ֥ילְתָּה בְ⁠מֹֽאזַנְיָ֖⁠א וְ⁠הִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַתְּ חַסִּֽיר1Judging the worthiness of the king to rule is spoken of as weighing him. This means that the king is not worthy to rule. Alternate translation: “your worthiness to rule has been judged, and you have been found to be unworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3435:27avaerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveתְּקִ֥ילְתָּה בְ⁠מֹֽאזַנְיָ֖⁠א וְ⁠הִשְׁתְּכַ֥חַתְּ חַסִּֽיר1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has examined your worthiness to rule, and he has found that you are not worthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3445:28jb22פְּרֵ֑ס1**Peres** is the singular form of “Pharsin” in 5:25.
3455:28b18pפְּרֵ֑ס פְּרִיסַת֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔⁠ךְ1Alternate translation: “‘Peres’ means ‘your kingdom has been divided”
3465:28j1p8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveפְּרִיסַת֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔⁠ךְ וִ⁠יהִיבַ֖ת לְ⁠מָדַ֥י וּ⁠פָרָֽס1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has divided your kingdom and given it to the Medes and Persians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3475:29j9jgrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesבֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֗ר1**Belshazzar** was the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3485:29uvj8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveו⁠המונכ⁠א דִֽי־דַהֲבָ֖⁠א עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֑⁠הּ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They put a chain of gold around his neck” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3495:29nfx6rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalשַׁלִּ֛יט תַּלְתָּ֖א1“the number three ruler” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3505:31c2bjקַבֵּ֖ל מַלְכוּתָ֑⁠א1Alternate translation: “became the ruler of the kingdom”
3516:introa1xc0# Daniel 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set the content of letters farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the letter in 6:25-27.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in the letter in 6:26-27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Daniel and the lions\n\nDaniel was thrown into the lions’ den for praying to Yahweh, but Yahweh protected him and the lions did not hurt him at all.
3526:1xf5zConnecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe events in this chapter take place after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and Darius the Mede began to rule in Babylon.
3536:1y6y9שְׁפַר֙ קֳדָ֣ם דָּרְיָ֔וֶשׁ1Alternate translation: “King Darius decided”
3546:1a1zkrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersלַ⁠אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֖⁠א מְאָ֣ה וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֑ין1“one hundred and twenty provincial governors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3556:2q0vwוְ⁠עֵ֤לָּא מִנְּ⁠הוֹן֙1The word **them** refers to the 120 satraps.
3566:2u9kbוּ⁠מַלְכָּ֖⁠א לָֽא־לֶהֱוֵ֥א נָזִֽק1Alternate translation: “so that nothing should be stolen from the king” or “so that no one would steal anything from the king”
3576:3ygu7הֲוָ֣א מִתְנַצַּ֔ח עַל1Alternate translation: “excelled above” or “was more capable than”
3586:3aig7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheר֤וּחַ יַתִּירָא֙ בֵּ֔⁠הּ1Here **spirit** refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate translation: “he was an exceptional person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3596:3ef6fר֤וּחַ יַתִּירָא֙1This **spirit** enabled him do better than the other leaders.
3606:3ry6mלַ⁠הֲקָמוּתֵ֖⁠הּ עַל1Alternate translation: “to give him authority over” or “to put him in charge of”
3616:4ex6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitאֱדַ֨יִן סָֽרְכַיָּ֜⁠א וַ⁠אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּ֗⁠א הֲו֨וֹ בָעַ֧יִן עִלָּ֛ה לְ⁠הַשְׁכָּחָ֥ה לְ⁠דָנִיֵּ֖אל מִ⁠צַּ֣ד מַלְכוּתָ֑⁠א1The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3626:4rl5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠כָל־עִלָּ֨ה וּ⁠שְׁחִיתָ֜ה לָא־יָכְלִ֣ין לְ⁠הַשְׁכָּחָ֗ה1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but they could find no mistakes or negligence in his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3636:5ek64לְ⁠דָנִיֵּ֥אל דְּנָ֖ה כָּל־עִלָּ֑א1Alternate translation: “any reason to complain about Daniel”
3646:6ll7vלְ⁠עָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי1This was a normal way to greet a king.
3656:7bw29כָל־דִּֽי־יִבְעֵ֣ה בָ֠עוּ1Alternate translation: “whoever makes a request”
3666:7l2iqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveיִתְרְמֵ֕א לְ⁠גֹ֖ב אַרְיָוָתָֽ⁠א1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers must throw that person into the den of lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3676:7h7ipלְ⁠גֹ֖ב אַרְיָוָתָֽ⁠א1This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept.
3686:8nj57Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nIn verse 8, the administrators continue to speak to the king.
3696:8i7m4לָ֥א תֶעְדֵּֽא1Alternate translation: “cannot be canceled”
3706:10i5vvוְ֠⁠דָנִיֵּאל כְּ⁠דִ֨י יְדַ֜ע דִּֽי־רְשִׁ֤ים כְּתָבָ⁠א֙1It is important to the story to state clearly that Daniel knew about the new law before he prayed to God.
3716:10r7ulrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundוְ⁠כַוִּ֨ין פְּתִיחָ֥ן לֵ⁠הּ֙ בְּ⁠עִלִּיתֵ֔⁠הּ נֶ֖גֶד יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם1This is background information that explains how Daniel’s enemies knew he was praying to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3726:12gwm4הֲ⁠לָ֧א אֱסָ֣ר רְשַׁ֗מְתָּ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֡שׁ דִּֽי־יִבְעֵה֩ מִן־כָּל־אֱלָ֨הּ וֶֽ⁠אֱנָ֜שׁ עַד־יוֹמִ֣ין תְּלָתִ֗ין לָהֵן֙ מִנָּ֣⁠ךְ מַלְכָּ֔⁠א יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְ⁠ג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑⁠א1They asked this question to make the king confirm that he had made the decree.
3736:12div1לְ⁠ג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑⁠א1This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
3746:13c3arדִּ֣י דָנִיֵּ֡אל דִּי֩ מִן־בְּנֵ֨י גָלוּתָ֜⁠א דִּ֣י יְה֗וּד1This is not a respectful way of referring to **Daniel**. They intentionally used this phrase to avoid giving Daniel the respect he was due as a chief administrator.
3756:13jia1דִּי֩ מִן־בְּנֵ֨י גָלוּתָ֜⁠א דִּ֣י יְה֗וּד1Alternate translation: “who is an immigrant from Judah”
3766:13l8ebrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomלָא־שָׂ֨ם עלי⁠ך1This idiom means he ignores the king. Alternate translation: “does not obey you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3776:14u8lhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyוְ⁠עַ֧ל דָּנִיֵּ֛אל שָׂ֥ם בָּ֖ל לְ⁠שֵׁיזָבוּתֵ֑⁠הּ1Here **mind** refers to his thinking. Alternate translation: “and he thought very hard about how to rescue Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3786:15d92jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitכָל־אֱסָ֥ר וּ⁠קְיָ֛ם דִּֽי־מַלְכָּ֥⁠א יְהָקֵ֖ים לָ֥א לְ⁠הַשְׁנָיָֽה1The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate translation: “no injunction or statute that the king establishes can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3796:16zny2וְ⁠הַיְתִיו֙ לְ⁠דָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל וּ⁠רְמ֕וֹ1Alternate translation: “and his soldiers went and got Daniel and thew him”
3806:16q3wcלְ⁠גֻבָּ֖⁠א דִּ֣י אַרְיָוָתָ֑⁠א1This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
3816:16a268אֱלָהָ֗⁠ךְ דִּ֣י אנתה פָּֽלַֽח־לֵ⁠הּ֙ בִּ⁠תְדִירָ֔⁠א ה֖וּא יְשֵׁיזְבִנָּֽ⁠ךְ1The king is expressing his desire for God to save Daniel.
3826:16jd6xה֖וּא יְשֵׁיזְבִנָּֽ⁠ךְ1Alternate translation: “may he save you from the lions”
3836:17szf5גֻּבָּ֑⁠א1This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
3846:17xjj7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitוְ⁠חַתְמַ֨⁠הּ מַלְכָּ֜⁠א בְּ⁠עִזְקְתֵ֗⁠הּ וּ⁠בְ⁠עִזְקָת֙ רַבְרְבָנ֔וֹ⁠הִי דִּ֛י לָא־תִשְׁנֵ֥א צְב֖וּ בְּ⁠דָנִיֵּֽאל1The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate translation: “and the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3856:17p5t2לָא־תִשְׁנֵ֥א צְב֖וּ בְּ⁠דָנִיֵּֽאל1Alternate translation: “no one could help Daniel”
3866:18un1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionוּ⁠בָ֣ת טְוָ֔ת1This symbolic act showed that the king was worried about Daniel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3876:18a3xdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠דַחֲוָ֖ן לָא־הַנְעֵ֣ל קָֽדָמ֑וֹ⁠הִי1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He did not have anyone entertain him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3886:18sb8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationוְ⁠שִׁנְתֵּ֖⁠הּ נַדַּ֥ת עֲלֽוֹ⁠הִי1Here **sleep** is spoken of as if it could run away from the king. Alternate translation: “and he did not sleep at all that night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3896:19e2wcלְ⁠גֻבָּ֥⁠א דִֽי־אַרְיָוָתָ֖⁠א1This may refer to a room or pit where **lions** were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
3906:22qn4trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveזָכוּ֙ הִשְׁתְּכַ֣חַת לִ֔⁠י1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he knows that I have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3916:23r1egגֻּבָּ֑⁠א1This may refer to a room or pit where lions were kept. See how you translated this in [Daniel 6:7](../06/07.md).
3926:23qf7qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוְ⁠כָל־חֲבָל֙ לָא־הִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח בֵּ֔⁠הּ1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and they did not find any wounds on Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3936:24qwh3וְ⁠לָֽא־מְט֞וֹ לְ⁠אַרְעִ֣ית גֻּבָּ֗⁠א עַ֠ד דִּֽי1Alternate translation: “and before they reached the floor of the lions’ den”
3946:25ty2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyעַֽמְמַיָּ֞⁠א אֻמַיָּ֧⁠א וְ⁠לִשָּׁנַיָּ֛⁠א1Here **nations** and **languages** represent people from different **nations** who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “the people from different nations and who spoke different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3956:25rl1drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleבְּ⁠כָל־אַרְעָ֖⁠א1King Darius wrote his message to his entire kingdom which was huge. Here it says **all the earth** as a generalization to emphasis how large his kingdom was, though it did not include everyone on the earth. Alternate translation: “in his entire kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3966:25zkz8שְׁלָמְ⁠כ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא1This is a form of greeting that is used to wish someone well in all areas of life.
3976:26m5v6Connecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nThis continues to state the message that Darius sent to everyone in his kingdom.
3986:26n6v5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletזאעין וְ⁠דָ֣חֲלִ֔ין1These two words are similar and can be combined. Alternate translation: “shake with fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3996:26s8vaאֱלָהֵ֣⁠הּ דִּי־דָֽנִיֵּ֑אל1Alternate translation: “the God that Daniel worships”
4006:26ma86rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismה֣וּא ׀ אֱלָהָ֣⁠א חַיָּ֗⁠א וְ⁠קַיָּם֙ לְ⁠עָ֣לְמִ֔ין1The two phrases **the living God** and **enduring forever** express the same concept, that God lives forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4016:26xw4krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismוּ⁠מַלְכוּתֵ⁠הּ֙ דִּֽי־לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל וְ⁠שָׁלְטָנֵ֖⁠הּ עַד־סוֹפָֽ⁠א׃1These two phrases are parallel, emphasizing how God’s kingdom will never end. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4026:26s6ylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveוּ⁠מַלְכוּתֵ⁠הּ֙ דִּֽי־לָ֣א תִתְחַבַּ֔ל1If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one will destroy his kingdom” or “and his kingdom will last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4036:26fcy1וְ⁠שָׁלְטָנֵ֖⁠הּ עַד־סוֹפָֽ⁠א1Alternate translation: “and he will rule forever”
4046:27bld2דִּ֚י שֵׁיזִ֣יב לְ⁠דָֽנִיֵּ֔אל מִן־יַ֖ד אַרְיָוָתָֽ⁠א1Alternate translation: “he has not allowed the strong lions to hurt Daniel”
4056:28a5brבְּ⁠מַלְכ֣וּת דָּרְיָ֑וֶשׁ וּ⁠בְ⁠מַלְכ֖וּת כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ פרסי⁠א1**Cyrus the Persian** was the king who ruled after **Darius**.
4067:introe18x0# Daniel 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 7:9-10, 13-14, and 23-27.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The four beasts\n\nThere will be four successive kingdoms before Yahweh sets up his eternal kingdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])\n\n### The Son of Man\n\nGod will give the Son of Man an eternal kingdom and he will judge people from the books. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
4077:1cw4arc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
4087:1dme8Belshazzar0This was the name of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, who became king after him. See how you wrote this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
4097:1xdv1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubleta dream and visions0The words “dream” and “visions” both refer to the same dream that is described in this chapter. Alternate translation: “visions while he was dreaming” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4107:2mjk7the four winds of heaven0Alternate translation: “winds from everywhere” or “strong winds from all four directions”
4117:2b48lstirring up0Alternate translation: “whipped up” or “agitated” or “caused high waves in”
4127:4z5hdrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageThe first was like a lion but had eagle’s wings0This was a symbolic creature, and not an animal that exists. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
4137:4a7n9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveits wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone tore off its wings and lifted it up from the ground and made it stand on two feet like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4147:4y6v7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThe mind of a man was given to it0Here “mind” refers to thinking. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it the ability to think like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4157:5eqm9rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagea second animal, like a bear0This was not an actual bear, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a bear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
4167:5i32bribs0large curved bones of the chest that connect to the spine
4177:5c38prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveIt was told0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4187:6fl2zrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageanother animal, one that looked like a leopard0This was not an actual leopard, but a symbolic animal that was similar to a leopard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
4197:6h4iarc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagefour wings & four heads0The four wings and four heads are symbols, but their meaning is unclear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
4207:6y1jdit had four heads0Alternate translation: “the animal had four heads”
4217:6jpn1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveIt was given authority to rule0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone gave it authority to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4227:7g1ajrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagea fourth animal & it had ten horns0This is also not an actual animal. It is a symbolic creature. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
4237:7w7wwtrampled underfoot0Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
4247:8j87prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe horns0Translators may write a footnote like this: “Horns are a symbol of power and represent powerful leaders.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4257:8ga8drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThree of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The little horn tore out three of the first horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4267:8d113rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea mouth that was boasting about great things0Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate translation: “the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4277:9dge1rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nMost of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT and UST present them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4287:9hw4vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethrones were set in place0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone set thrones in their places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4297:9xvt9the Ancient of Days0This is a title for God that means he is eternal. Alternate translation: “the One Who Has Lived Forever” or “the One Who Has Always Lived”
4307:9rc8ytook his seat & His clothing & the hair of his head0This passage describes God as sitting down, with clothing and hair like a person. This does not mean that God really is like this, but it is how Daniel saw God in a vision.
4317:9crh4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtook his seat0This is an idiom that means he sat down. Alternate translation: “sat down on his throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4327:9imw8His clothing was as white as snow0His clothing is compared to snow to show that it was very white. Alternate translation: “His clothing was very white”
4337:9d5ifrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethe hair of his head was like pure wool0Something about God’s hair looked like pure wool. This could mean: (1) it was very white or (2) it was thick and curly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4347:9jf7epure wool0Alternate translation: “clean wool” or “wool that is washed”
4357:9c4leHis throne was flames & its wheels were burning fire0This describes the throne of God and its wheels as if they were made of fire. The words “flames” and “burning fire” mean basically the same thing and can be translated the same way.
4367:9lhh4its wheels0It is unclear why God’s throne is described as having wheels. Thrones normally do not have wheels, but the text clearly states that this throne has some kind of wheels. Use a general term for “wheels” if possible.
4377:10rab3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA river of fire flowed out from before him0The quick way in which fire came from the presence of God is spoken of as if it was water flowing in a river. Alternate translation: “Fire poured out in front of him like water in a river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4387:10z1dtbefore him0The word “him” refers to God, the Ancient of Days from [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
4397:10gka4millions0This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “thousands of thousands” or “great numbers of people”
4407:10f9kwone hundred million0This probably refers to a large group rather than to a precise number. Alternate translation: “tens of thousands times tens of thousands” or “uncountable numbers of people”
4417:10h5d3The court was in session0This means that God, the judge, was ready to investigate the evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “The judge was ready to judge” or “The judge was seated”
4427:10pyd5the books were opened0These are the books that contain the evidence to be used in court. Alternate translation: “the books of evidence were opened”
4437:11g8lsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe animal was killed & to be burned up0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed the fourth animal, destroyed its body, and gave it to someone to burn it up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4447:11tqd6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe animal was killed0The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate translation: “they executed the animal” or “the judge commanded and they killed the animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4457:11pms3the animal0This refers to the fourth animal that had the ten horns and the horn that spoke boastfully. Alternate translation: “the most frightening animal” or “the animal that had the boastful horn”
4467:12ayx9the rest of the four animals0It may be helpful to your readers to say, “the other three animals.”
4477:12dj5prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivetheir authority to rule was taken away0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge took away their authority to rule” or “their authority to rule ended” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4487:12ru76rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivetheir lives were prolonged for a period of time0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they continued to live for a period of time” or “the judge let them live a little longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4497:13lvf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nMost of the text of verses 9-14 is symbolic language with parallel lines that have similar meaning. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4507:13j5t6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileI saw one coming & like a son of man0The person that Daniel saw was not a normal man, but had a human figure like a man. “I also saw that night someone coming who resembled a son of man, that is, he had a human figure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4517:13n5qiwith the clouds of heaven0Alternate translation: “with the clouds of the sky”
4527:13ln6wthe Ancient of Days0This refers to God who is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md)
4537:13pjn2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewas presented before him0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they presented this son of man to the Ancient of Days” or “he stood before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4547:14ai49rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAuthority to rule and glory and royal power were given to him0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one who looked like a son of man received authority to rule, glory, and royal power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4557:14yv4qroyal power0This, here, refers to “authority.”
4567:14hc6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymypeoples, nations, and languages0Here “nations” and “languages” represent people from different nations who speak different languages. See how you translated this in [Daniel 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “people from different nations and who speak different languages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4577:14z6xfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismwill not pass away & will never be destroyed0These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4587:14sl8krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat will never be destroyed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that no one will ever destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4597:15xt3drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismmy spirit was grieved inside of me & the visions I saw in my mind troubled me0These two phrases describe how Daniel was feeling. The second one gives more information about the first one, explaining about his grieved spirit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4607:15g5s3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochemy spirit was grieved inside of me0Here “my spirit” refers to Daniel himself. Alternate translation: “I was very sad inside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4617:16z2w1one of them standing there0This is one of the heavenly beings who were standing before God’s throne. This could mean: (1) these are angels, spirits who serve God (2) these are people who have died and are now in heaven.
4627:16fhe1to show me0Alternate translation: “to tell me” or “to explain to me”
4637:16x45athese things0Alternate translation: “the things I had seen”
4647:17mw57These large animals, four in number,0Alternate translation: “These four large animals”
4657:17s2ivare four kings0Alternate translation: “represent four kings”
4667:17e2vwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomfour kings that will arise from the earth0Here “from the earth” means they are real people. Alternate translation: “four kings who will come to power on the earth” or “four men who will rise up from among the people of the earth and become kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4677:18tz29they will possess it0Alternate translation: “they will rule over it”
4687:18x83src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletforever and ever0This repetition of ideas emphasizes that this kingdom will never come to an end. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
4697:19qj78very horrifying0Alternate translation: “very frightening”
4707:19fq88trampled on0Alternate translation: “walked on and crushed”
4717:20e5t1the ten horns on its head0Alternate translation: “the ten horns on the head of the fourth animal”
4727:20vi4rgrew up, and before which the three horns fell down0Alternate translation: “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down in front of it” or “grew up, and about the three horns that fell down because of it”
4737:20vjs9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismbefore which the three horns fell down0Here “fell down” is a euphemism that means they were destroyed.” Alternate translation: “which destroyed the three horns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
4747:20frj1the mouth that boasted0Alternate translation: “its mouth that boasted” or “the mouth of the new horn, that boasted”
4757:20f425that seemed greater than its companions0the horn with the eyes and a mouth seemed to be greater than the other horns
4767:21xcl9this horn0“this fourth horn.” This refers to the horn that is described in [Daniel 7:20](../07/20.md).
4777:22pxx4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveuntil the Ancient of Days came, and justice was given0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “until the Ancient of Days came and brought justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4787:22dui7Ancient of Days0This is a title for God that emphasizes that he is eternal. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 7:9](../07/09.md).
4797:22em4nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe holy people received the kingdom0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave his kingdom to his holy people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4807:23ec9xrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nMost of the text of verses 23-27 is symbolic language. For this reason, the ULT presents them in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
4817:23mv4hThis is what that person said0This is the person that Daniel approached in [Daniel 7:16](../07/16.md).
4827:23p7zfthat person said0Alternate translation: “that person answered”
4837:23lqc9As for the fourth animal0Alternate translation: “Concerning the fourth animal” or “Now, about the fourth animal”
4847:23t6garc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIt will devour & it into pieces0This does not mean the fourth kingdom will destroy the planet, but that it will brutally attack, conquer, and destroy all other kingdoms on earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4857:24x4ncAs for the ten horns0Alternate translation: “Concerning the ten horns” or “Now, about the ten horns”
4867:24cn9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitout of this kingdom ten kings will arise0They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4877:24iw64rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitanother will arise after them0This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as “the eleventh king.” Alternate translation: “after that an eleventh king will become powerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4887:24qun4He will be different from the previous ones0Alternate translation: “He will be different from the other ten kings”
4897:24x7hxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicithe will conquer the three kings0He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate translation: “he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4907:25xih7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomHe will speak words against the Most High0This means that the newest king will openly disagree with and say bad things about the Most High. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4917:25ce61He will try & into his hand0The words “He” and “his” refer to the newest king, not the Most High.
4927:25nt2fthe holy people0Alternate translation: “God’s holy people”
4937:25w16zchange the festivals and the law0Both terms refer to the law of Moses. The festivals were an important part of the religion of Israel in the Old Testament.
4947:25hn8prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyThese things will be given into his hand0Here “his hand” refers to his control. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The newest king will control the religous festivals and laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4957:25dnu4one year, two years, and half a year0This means “three and half years.” This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. Try to translate it in a way that preserves this way of counting. Alternate translation: “one year plus two years plus six months”
4967:26is1xthe court will be in session0This means that the judge will be ready to investigate evidence and make his judgment. Alternate translation: “the judge will judge” or “The judge will sit down”
4977:26iln2they will take his royal power away0Alternate translation: “the members of the court will take the royal power away from the newest king”
4987:26j3yaroyal power0This, here, refers to “authority.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:14](../07/14.md).
4997:26plf7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveto be consumed and destroyed at the end0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and consume and destroy it in the end” or “and completely destroy his royal power in the end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5007:27hh11rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe kingdom and the dominion & will be given to the people0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will give the kingdom and the dominion … to the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5017:27c6lfrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletThe kingdom and the dominion0These two terms mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this will concern all forms of official authority. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5027:27p5c7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsthe greatness of the kingdoms0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **greatness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “great.” Alternate translation: “everything that is great about the kingdoms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5037:27ry7erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomof the kingdoms under the whole heaven0The idiom “under the whole heaven” refers to the kingdoms on earth. Alternate translation: “of all the kingdoms on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5047:27eti4His kingdom0Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the Most High”
5057:27t3ctan everlasting kingdom0Alternate translation: “a kingdom that will exist forever” or “a kingdom that will never end”
5067:28v6mqHere is the end of the matter0This means that Daniel has finished describing the vision. Alternate translation: “That is what I saw in my vision” or “This is the end of the description of what I saw in my vision”
5077:28am3amy face changed in appearance0Alternate translation: “my face became pale”
5088:introcbk60# Daniel 8 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The vision of the ram and the male goat\n\nAlthough specific interpretation of this vision is not given, most scholars believe Daniel saw Greece overthrowing Media-Persia before breaking up into four kingdoms. One of these kingdoms stopped the temple worship for a while and then it was restored. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
5098:1rft5rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 are not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king, before the rule of Darius and Cyrus that was discussed in chapter 6. In Daniel’s vision, he saw animals that were symbols of other things. Later in the vision someone explains the meaning of those symbols. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
5108:1b6kbrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalIn the third year0“In year three” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5118:1er4qBelshazzar0This is the son of Nebuchadnezzar who became king after his father. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 5:1](../05/01.md).
5128:1h9fwrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundhad a vision appear to me (after the one & first)0This is background information to remind the reader that this is Daniel’s second vision. Alternate translation: “had a second vision appear to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5138:2t4xyfortress0a walled city that was guarded and protected
5148:2m8kvrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesSusa & Elam & Ulai Canal0These are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5158:2jfs1Canal0A canal is a narrow man-made waterway.
5168:3kh4src://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguagea ram with two horns0It is normal for rams to have two horns. These horns, however, have symbolic meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
5178:3buj1but the longer & passed up in length by it0Alternate translation: “but the longer one grew more slowly than the shorter one, and the shorter one grew to be even longer than it”
5188:4wrr2I saw the ram charging0Alternate translation: “I saw the ram rushing” or “I saw the ram running very quickly”
5198:4s49erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyto rescue anyone out of his hand0Rams do not have hands. Here “hand” refers to the ram’s power. Alternate translation: “to rescue anyone from him” or “to rescue anyone from his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5208:5npd3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleacross the surface of the whole earth0The phrase “the whole earth” is an exaggeration that means he came from far away. Alternate translation: “from far away across the surface of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
5218:5jv2jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitThe goat had a large horn between his eyes0Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate translation: “The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5228:6ith5in a powerful rage0Alternate translation: “and it was very angry”
5238:7u36ktrampled0to crush something by stepping on it
5248:7hh82the ram from his power0Alternate translation: “the ram from the goat because of his power”
5258:8kr6fthe goat became very large0Alternate translation: “the goat became very large and strong”
5268:8pt9jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe large horn was broken0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something broke off the large horn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5278:8z9lmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomtoward the four winds of the heavens0Here “the four winds of heaven” is an idiom that refers to the four main directions (north, east, south, west) from which the winds blow. Alternate translation: “in four different directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5288:9ys25but which became very large0Alternate translation: “but it became very large”
5298:9i3jgin the south, in the east, and in the land of beauty0This probably means it pointed in those directions. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “and pointed toward the south and then toward the east and then toward the beautiful land of Israel”
5308:9umn2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe land of beauty0This is a reference to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5318:10pkh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationIt became so large as to engage in war0Here the horn is given qualities of a person and is engaging in war. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5328:10h6exrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSome of that army & thrown down to the earth0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: The horn threw some of that army and some of the stars down to the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5338:10iq57rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationit trampled on them0Here the horn is given qualities of a person that tramples on the stars and on the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5348:11akq6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThe horn is given qualities of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5358:11x2bsConnecting Statement:0# Connecting Statement:\n\nDaniel continues describing his vision of the horn ([Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md)).
5368:11r2zzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe commander of the army0This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5378:11i4pxIt took away from him the regular burnt offering0Here “took away” means the horn stopped the offering. Here “him” refers to God, the commander of the army. Alternate translation: “It stopped the people from making their regular burnt offering to him”
5388:11c2s4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe place of his sanctuary was polluted0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it defiled his sanctuary” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5398:12y31hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThe horn will throw truth down to the ground0The horn ignoring truth and godliness is spoken of as if it will throw truth to the ground. Alternate translation: “The horn will reject the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5408:13lj18holy one0Alternate translation: “angel”
5418:13b9yzthe handing over of the sanctuary0Alternate translation: “the surrender of the sanctuary”
5428:13xj3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveheaven’s army being trampled on0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the horn trampling on heaven’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5438:14ed38rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers2,300 evenings and mornings0“Two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings.” Here “evenings and mornings” is a merism that refers to everything in between, which means full days. Alternate translation: “2,300 sunsets and sunrises” or “2,300 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
5448:14j3q3the sanctuary will be put right0Alternate translation: “the temple will be purified and set in order again”
5458:16h4dzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochea man’s voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal0Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate translation: “a man calling from the Ulai Canal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5468:16c8qgUlai Canal0A canal is a narrow man-made waterway. See how you translated this name in [Daniel 8:2](../08/02.md).
5478:17c9ysrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionprostrated myself on the ground0This is an act of worship in which someone lies flat on the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
5488:17v6y5the time of the end0“the final days” or “the end of the world.” This does not refer to the final moment in time, but rather to the events that will happen immediately before the end.
5498:18c89ua deep sleep0This is a type of sleep when someone is sleeping heavily and does not wake up easily.
5508:19v9etrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe time of wrath0This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the time when God judges in anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5518:19zif5the appointed time for the end0Alternate translation: “the time when the world will end”
5528:20bi9vrc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represent human rulers and kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
5538:20zfr2two horns—they are0Alternate translation: “two horns—they represent”
5548:20k8n7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe kings of Media and Persia0This could mean: (1) this refers to the kings of Media and Persia or (2) this is a metonym in which the kings represents the kingdoms of Media and Persia. Alternate translation: “the kingdoms of Media and Persia” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5558:21j9y9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe king of Greece0This could mean: (1) this refers to the king of Greece or (2) this is a metonym in which the king represents the kingdom of Greece. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Greece” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5568:21h37iThe large horn between his eyes is0Alternate translation: “The large horn between his eyes represents”
5578:22j764rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
5588:22qtr7As for the horn that was broken & four others arose0Alternate translation: “Where the large horn was broken off, four others arose”
5598:22c6qnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitfour kingdoms will arise from his nation0The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5608:22z39ibut not with his great power0Alternate translation: “but they will not have as much power as the king represented by the large horn”
5618:23gk83At the latter time of those kingdoms0Alternate translation: “As those kingdoms approach their end”
5628:23t2i5shall have reached their limit0Alternate translation: “have reached their full” or “have run their course”
5638:23x2kugrim-faced0This means someone who looks defiant, or like he will refuse to obey.
5648:24fm5erc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguageGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn these verses, the angel explains to Daniel the symbolic meaning of the things he saw in his vision. The animals and horns actually represented human rulers or kingdoms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
5658:24ue1cbut not by his own power0Alternate translation: “but someone else will give him his power”
5668:25yq8rrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationhe will make deceit prosper0Here “deceit” is spoken of as if it is a person who will prosper. Alternate translation: “the amount of deception will increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5678:25u9tgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyunder his hand0Here “hand” refers to his rule. Alternate translation: “under his rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5688:25f6qiKing of kings0This refers to God.
5698:25asi1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyhe will be broken0Here “he” refers to his power. Alternate translation: “his rule will end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5708:25cxx3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymynot by any human hand0Here “hand” refers to power. This can be also stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “not by any human power” or “by divine power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5718:26cer6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorseal up the vision0The angel speaks about the vision as if it were a scroll that could be closed with a wax seal. This prevented anyone from seeing the contents until the seal was broken. Alternate translation: “close and seal up what you have written about the vision” or “do not tell anyone about the vision now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5728:27us1lwas overcome and lay weak for several days0Alternate translation: “was exhausted and lay in bed sick for several days”
5738:27c42hwent about the king’s business0Alternate translation: “did the work that the king had assigned to me”
5748:27v7gdI was appalled by the vision0Alternate translation: “I was dismayed by the vision” or “I was very confused by the vision”
5759:introsz7n0# Daniel 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Daniel told the future\n\nGabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26\n\nThis passage uses the expressions “seventy sevens of years,” “seven sevens and sixty-two sevens,” and “sixty-two sevens of years” to denote ““490 years,” “49 years and then 434 years,” and “434 years,” respectively. The original language uses the idea of a “week” to express the idea of a group of sevens, but these numbers are clearly meant to denote years, not weeks. Most translators should use the ways normal in their languages to express these numbers.
5769:1a2icGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nChapters 7 and 8 were not in chronological order. They happened while Belshazzar was still the king. Chapter 9 now returns to the events of the reign of Darius who became king in chapter 6.
5779:1lvl3rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-backgroundIt was Ahasuerus who had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians0This is background information about who Ahasuerus was. The UST places this in parentheses to make that clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5789:1y3g6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewho had been made king over the realm of the Babylonians0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who became king over the realm of the Babylonians” or “who conquered the Babylonians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5799:1m6bcover the realm0Alternate translation: “over the country” or “over the kingdom”
5809:2h1p2Yahweh0This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
5819:2y2g1rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthere would be seventy years until Jerusalem’s abandonment would end0“from the time Jerusalem was destroyed, it would remain in ruins for 70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5829:2zrc4abandonment0this means no one would help or rebuild Jerusalem during that time
5839:3xi1vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyI turned my face to the Lord God0Here “face” represents Daniel’s attention. Alternate translation: “I focused my attention on the Lord God” or “I directed my thoughts toward the Lord God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5849:3v1yirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorto seek him0Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5859:3ni5zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionfasting, wearing sackcloth, and sitting in ashes0These are symbolic acts of repentance and sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
5869:4waz8I made confession of our sins0Alternate translation: “I confessed our sins”
5879:4q4bdyou are the one who keeps the covenant and is faithful to love those0Alternate translation: “you do what you said you would do in your covenant, and you faithfully love those”
5889:5bz6lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWe have sinned and have done what is wrong0These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5899:5ie62rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismWe have acted wickedly and we have rebelled0These two phrases express one idea in two different ways for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5909:5fu8vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletyour commands and decrees0The words “commands” and “decrees” share similar meanings and refer to the whole law. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5919:6x5whrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWe have not listened to your servants0Here “not listened” means they did not obey their message. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed the message of your prophets” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5929:6hp4wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyspoke in your name0Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “spoke with your authority” or “spoke as your representative” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5939:6et6zthe people of the land0Here “land” refers to Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people”
5949:7fy69rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTo you, Lord, belongs righteousness0Being righteous is spoken of as if “righteousness” were an object that belongs to Yahweh. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “righteous.” Alternate translation: “Lord, you are righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5959:7x7i6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTo us today, however, belongs shame on our faces—for the people0Being ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that belongs to people. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **shame**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “But as for us, we are ashamed of what we have done—the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5969:7k8farc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveTo us today0The word “us” includes Daniel and the Israelites, but it does not include God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
5979:7kk5yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiombelongs shame on our faces0This idiom means their shame is visible to all. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5989:7u1gybecause of the great treachery that we committed against you0Alternate translation: “because we greatly betrayed you” or “because we were very unfaithful to you”
5999:9vqm3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorTo the Lord our God belong compassion and forgiveness0Having these traits is spoken of as if they belonged to the Lord. Alternate translation: “The Lord our God is compassionate and forgives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6009:10kf4grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyWe have not obeyed the voice of Yahweh our God0Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “We have not obeyed what Yahweh told us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6019:11b68wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturned aside0The words “turned aside” mean that Israel stopped obeying God’s laws. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6029:11qk6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethat are written in the law of Moses0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Moses wrote about in the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6039:11n3rzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhave been poured out on us0The abundance of the curse and the oath are spoken of as if they were poured out like water. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you have brought upon us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6049:12n2ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomFor under the whole of heaven0This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “For in the whole world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6059:12l46lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethere has not been done anything0“nothing has been done.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nothing has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6069:12vbx2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat has been done to Jerusalem0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what you have done to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6079:13c1fbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAs it is written in the law of Moses0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As Moses wrote in the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6089:13sk3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomturning away from our iniquities0Here stopping evil activity is spoken of as turning away from them. Alternate translation: “stopping our evil actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6099:14dxb5Yahweh has kept the disaster ready0Alternate translation: “Yahweh has prepared this disaster”
6109:14up2arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywe have not obeyed his voice0Here “voice” refers to the things that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “we have not done what he told us to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6119:15wi6xrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywith a mighty hand0Here “mighty hand” is a metonym for strength. Alternate translation: “with great strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6129:15k82dyou have made a famous name for yourself, as in this present day0Alternate translation: “you caused people to know how great you are, as you still do today”
6139:15u2zsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismstill we sinned; we have done wicked things0These two clauses mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how bad sin is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6149:15h9adrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusivewe sinned; we have done wicked things0Daniel and Israel sinned and did wicked things, but “we” does not include God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
6159:16zd1krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletyour anger and your wrath0The words “anger” and “wrath” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how terrible God’s anger is when he acts on it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6169:16g4t8your holy mountain0This mountain may be holy because God’s temple is there. Alternate translation: “the mountain where your holy temple is”
6179:16t4wbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveour sins & our ancestors0Here “our” refers to Daniel and Israel, but not to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
6189:16qcc3an object of scorn0Alternate translation: “a target of disrespect”
6199:17e6hvNow0This does not mean “at this moment”, but it is a way to show that the next phase in Daniel’s prayer is about to start.
6209:17u437rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personyour servant & his pleas for mercy0The words “your servant” and “his” here refer to Daniel. He speaks about himself in the third person as a sign of respect for God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
6219:17ndy1pleas for mercy0Alternate translation: “requests for mercy”
6229:17a4vqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormake your face shine on0The writer speaks of Yahweh acting favorably as if Yahweh’s face shone a light. Alternate translation: “act kindly toward” or “act with favor toward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6239:17b52lyour sanctuary0This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.
6249:18sv8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomopen your ears and listen0To “open the ears” is an idiom that means to listen. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to listen to his prayer. Alternate translation: “please listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6259:18jqa4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomopen your eyes and see0To “open the eyes” is an idiom that means to see. These two phrases means the same thing and emphasize Daniel’s desire for God to pay attention to his prayer. Alternate translation: “notice us” or “pay attention” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6269:18gw8irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyis called by your name0Here “name” represents ownership. Alternate translation: “is your city” or “belongs to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6279:19y5zwdo not delay0This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “act quickly”
6289:20n3mamy people Israel0Alternate translation: “the people of Israel to whom I belong”
6299:21tmu9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe man Gabriel0This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Gabriel, who appeared as a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6309:21m9dwin the vision at the first0This may refer to the first vision that Daniel had while he was awake. Alternate translation: “in the previous vision” or “in the vision I saw before” or “in a vision before”
6319:21ud8sflew down to me in rapid flight0Alternate translation: “flew down to me quickly”
6329:21i2asat the time of the evening sacrifice0The Jewish people sacrificed to God each evening just before the sun went down.
6339:22i4ukrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletinsight and understanding0The words “insight” and “understanding” mean the same thing and emphasize that Gabriel will help Daniel to understand the message completely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6349:23bj8wrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe order was given0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gave the order” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6359:23ke8tconsider this word0Alternate translation: “think about this message”
6369:23dn8dthe revelation0This refers back to the prophesy of Jeremiah in [Daniel 9:2](../09/02.md).
6379:24tn7gSeventy sevens are decreed for your people and your holy city to0God decreed that he would do the things in this verse for the people and the holy city.
6389:24x7sxSeventy sevens0This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “Seventy times seven years”
6399:24vmn4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youyour people and your holy city0The word “your” here refers to Daniel. The people are the Israelites and the holy city is Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
6409:24v75src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelismto end the guilt and put an end to sin0The idea is repeated to emphasize how certain it is that this will happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6419:24dt4src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomto carry out the vision0Here “carry out” is an idiom that means to accomplish. Alternate translation: “to accomplish the vision” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6429:24z31hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletthe vision and the prophecy0These words in this context mean the same thing. They ensure Daniel that Jeremiah’s vision was indeed a prophecy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6439:25hg9sand sixty-two sevens0This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. Alternate translation: “seven times seven years … and sixty-two times seven years”
6449:25z58trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletKnow and understand0These words are used together to make the importance clear. Alternate translation: “You must clearly understand” or “You must know for sure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6459:25cc6src://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symactionthe anointed one0Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
6469:25mg6rseven sevens & and sixty-two sevens0These added together are 69 of the 70 sevens spoken of in verse 24.
6479:25tg7zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveJerusalem will be rebuilt0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will rebuild Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6489:25gs6wmoat0a deep ditch around a city or building, usually with water in it
6499:25q3nqthe times of distress0Alternate translation: “a time of great trouble”
6509:26t9v5sixty-two sevens0This is not the normal way the Israelites counted. If possible, try to translate in a way that preserves this use of the number seven. See how you translated this number in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “sixty-two times seven”
6519:26pru6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe anointed one will be destroyed and will have nothing0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will destroy the anointed one and he will have nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6529:26nzv4the anointed one0Anointing is a symbolic act to show that someone is chosen. See how you translated this title in [Daniel 9:25](../09/25.md). Alternate translation: “the person that God anoints” or “the person that God chooses”
6539:26bn3za coming ruler0This is a foreign ruler, not “the anointed one.” Alternate translation: “a foreign ruler who will come” or “a powerful ruler who will come”
6549:26hpa8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorIts end will come with a flood0The army will destroy the city and the holy place just as a flood destroys things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6559:26ite5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveDesolations have been decreed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed ruin for the city and sanctuary” or “God has declared that the enemy army will destroy everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6569:27a45kHe will & he will0This refers to the coming ruler who will destroy the anointed one.
6579:27zqk4one seven & In the middle of the seven0Here “seven” is used to refer to a period of seven years. Alternate translation: “seven years … Halfway through the seven years”
6589:27rr1bput an end to0Alternate translation: “stop” or “halt”
6599:27jsh2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletthe sacrifice and the offering0These words basically mean the same thing. The repetition is to show that the ruler will prevent all types of sacrifices. Alternate translation: “all forms of sacrificing” or “every type of offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6609:27e962rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe wing of abominations0This may refer to the defensive structures on top of the walls of the temple, which are called “abominations” because they are full of idols. Alternate translation: “the walls of the temple that are full of abominations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6619:27l267someone who makes desolate0Alternate translation: “a person who completely destroys”
6629:27i8lkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveA full end and destruction are decreed to be poured out0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has decreed that he will pour out a full end and destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6639:27x6c9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletA full end and destruction0These two words or expressions are basically the same. They emphasize how serious and complete the destruction will be. Alternate translation: “Complete destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6649:27t53mthe one who has made the desolation0Alternate translation: “the person who caused the destruction”
66510:introrcw20# Daniel 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a section where Daniel is given a prophecy about the future from an angel. This section continues for the remainder of the book. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
66610:1if3jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinalthe third year of Cyrus king of Persia0“year 3 of the rule of Cyrus the king of Persia” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
66710:1mci4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea message was revealed to Daniel0This can also be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God revealed a message to Daniel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
66810:1vf8cinsight0the ability to understand more than what can be seen
66910:3xqe9delicacies0These are expensive or rare kinds of food. Alternate translation: “fancy foods”
67010:3af3yuntil the completion of three entire weeks0Alternate translation: “until the end of three entire weeks”
67110:4s7ncrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonthsOn the twenty-fourth day of the first month0This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-fourth day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
67210:5p8b1with a belt around his waist0Alternate translation: “and he was wearing a belt”
67310:5q62trc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesUphaz0Uphaz is a place. Its location is not known (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
67410:6pv61rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileHis body was like topaz0His body gleamed with blue or yellow light as if it were made of topaz. Alternate translation: “his body gleamed like topaz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
67510:6yce2topaz0a blue or yellow gemstone, also known as beryl, peridot, or chrysolite
67610:6e9xcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis face was like lightning0His face shone brightly as a bolt of lightning shines. Alternate translation: “his face shone with light as bright as the flash of lightning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
67710:6v1ewrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileHis eyes were like flaming torches0His eyes were bright with light as if they were flaming torches. Alternate translation: “his eyes were so bright that it seemed they had torches burning inside them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
67810:6ugr5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similehis arms and his feet were like polished bronze0His arms and feet were as shiny as if they were made of polished bronze. Alternate translation: “his arms and feet shone like polished bronze that reflects the light around it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
67910:6vkv7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThe sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd0His voice was so loud that it was as if a crowd of people were all talking loudly. Alternate translation: “his voice was as loud as a huge crowd all calling out together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
68010:8gpj1rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveSo I was left alone and saw0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “No one was with me, and I saw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68110:8tiw7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivemy bright appearance was turned into a ruined look0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “my bright appearance turned into looking ruined” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68210:8pp1zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommy bright appearance0This describes the face of someone who is healthy. Alternate translation: “my healthy-looking face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
68310:8fy67rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora ruined look0Someone’s unhealthy, pale face is spoken of as if it were a ruined building. Alternate translation: “pale” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68410:9kc4lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomI fell on my face in deep sleep0Possible meanings are: (1) Daniel was so scared by what he saw that he deliberately laid on the ground, where he then fainted or (2) Daniel fainted and then fell forward onto the ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
68510:10q7sgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheA hand touched me0Here a person’s hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “Someone touched me with his hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
68610:11uuf2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveDaniel, man greatly treasured0This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Daniel, you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
68710:11r2tdgreatly treasured0much valued and loved
68810:12xbp6you set your mind to understand0Alternate translation: “you determined to understand the vision”
68910:12n99arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour words were heard0This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God heard your words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
69010:13qc85prince0Here this refers to a spirit who has authority over a human nation. Alternate translation: “spirit prince”
69110:13rag2the kings of Persia0This probably refers to the various kings who ruled over nations in the Persian Empire, and who had to obey the king of Persia.
69210:13as4yMichael, one of the chief princes0Alternate translation: “Michael, on of the chief angels” or “Michael, one of the archangels”
69310:15lq7dI turned my face toward the ground0“I looked at the ground.” Daniel may have done this to show humble reverence, or because he was afraid.
69410:16dt5jOne who was like the sons of man0This may refer to the one who had just spoken to Daniel. However, some versions interpret it as referring to a different person. Alternate translation: “This one, who looked like a human”
69510:16wv9erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomlike the sons of man0Here this expression refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “like a human being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69610:16na7sagony0severe emotional suffering
69710:17t4pnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestionI am your servant. How can I talk with my master?0Daniel asks this question meaning that he cannot speak to the angel because he is not the angel’s equal. These sentences can be combined. Alternate translation: “I am not able to answer you because I am only your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
69810:17by59rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthere is no breath left in me0This idiom refers to breathing. Alternate translation: “I cannot breathe” or “it’s very hard to breathe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
69910:18wh3xthe one with an appearance of a man0Alternate translation: “the one who looked like a human”
70010:19j55aBe strong now, be strong0The words “be strong” are repeated for emphasis.
70110:19w36nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveman greatly treasured0This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you whom God greatly treasures” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
70210:19u5hyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveI was strengthened0This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I became strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
70310:20tku1the prince of Persia0Here “prince” refers to a spirit who rules and guards a human nation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md). Alternate translation: “the spirit prince of Persia”
70410:21k4rhrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitBut I will tell you0This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate translation: “But first I will tell you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
70510:21gx6arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhat is written in the Book of Truth0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Book of Truth says” or “what someone wrote in the Book of Truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
70610:21f6mzwho shows himself to be strong0Alternate translation: “who proves himself to be strong”
70710:21x9usThere is no one who shows himself to be strong with me against them, except Michael your prince0Alternate translation: “Michael your prince is the only one to show himself strong with me against them” or “Michael your prince is the only one who helps me against them”
70810:21t5rlrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youMichael your prince0The word “your” is plural. It refers to Daniel and the rest of the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Michael, the prince of your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
70910:21p2z5Michael your prince0“Michael your guardian angel.” Translate “prince” when it refers to Michael as you did [Daniel 10:13](../10/13.md).
71011:introee960# Daniel 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe final prophecy continues in this chapter. The kings of the North and of the South will fight many wars against each other. The king of the South is probably a reference to Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
71111:1iik8General Information:0# General Information:\n\nIn Daniel 11:1 through 12:4, the one who was speaking to Daniel in chapter 10 tells him what is written in the book of truth. This is as he said he would do in [Daniel 10:21](../10/21.md).
71211:1rm8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitIn the first year of Darius0Darius was the King of the Medes. “The first year” refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate translation: “In the first year of the reign of Darius” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
71311:2eq9gThree kings will arise in Persia0Alternate translation: “Three kings will rule over Persia”
71411:2ed2crc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinala fourth will be far richer than all the others0“after them a fourth king will come into power who will have more money than the three before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
71511:2dk4xpower0This could mean: (1) authority or (2) military power.
71611:2e62rhe will stir up everyone0Alternate translation: “he will cause everyone to want to fight”
71711:3l9xyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorA mighty king will rise up0The idea of rising up or standing is often used for someone who becomes powerful. Alternate translation: “A mighty king will begin to reign” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71811:3xg79who will rule a very great kingdom0This could mean: (1) that the size of this kingdom would be very great, or (2) that the king would rule his kingdom with very great power.
71911:4ti9prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis kingdom will be broken and divided0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his kingdom will break apart and divide” or “his kingdom will break apart into pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
72011:4ewb2the four winds of heaven0See how you translated this in [Daniel 7:2](../07/02.md).
72111:4v3mcrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisbut not to his own descendants0The idea of not being divided and shared out is implied here. Alternate translation: “but it will not be divided for his own descendants” or “but it will not be shared by his own descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
72211:4a3z5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivehis kingdom will be uprooted for others besides his descendants0The kingdom is spoken of as if it were a plant that someone destroyed by uprooting it. This idea can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “another power will uproot and destroy his kingdom and others who are not his descendants will rule over it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72311:5xd9kone of his commanders will become even stronger than he and will rule his kingdom with great power0A commander of the king of the South will become the king of the North.
72411:6lv1jthey will make an alliance0The king of the South will make an alliance with the king of the North. This alliance would be a formal agreement that both nations are required to follow. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and the king of the North will promise to work together”
72511:6n6pdThe daughter of the king of the South will come & to confirm the agreement0The king of the South will give his daughter in marriage to the king of the North. The marriage will confirm the agreement between the two kings.
72611:6lf4zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorher arm’s strength & his arm0Here “arm” stands for power. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72711:6d6vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveShe will be abandoned0This appears to refer to a plot to kill her and those who made the alliance. This phrase may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They will abandon her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
72811:7dvw9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphora branch from her roots0This family is spoken of as if it were a tree. The roots represent ancestors, and the branch represents a descendant. Alternate translation: “a descendant of her ancestors” or “one of her descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72911:7rfw3her roots0The word “her” refers to the daughter of the king of the South in [Daniel 11:6](../11/06.md).
73011:7u8jkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheHe will attack the army0The word “he” refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate translation: “He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
73111:7jj5jHe will fight them0Here “them” represents the soldiers of the enemy army. Alternate translation: “He will fight the enemy soldiers”
73211:9lpm6but he will withdraw0The word “he” refers to the king of the North.
73311:10b8neHis sons0Alternate translation: “The sons of the king of the North”
73411:10d4adassemble a great army0Alternate translation: “gather together many men who can fight in battles”
73511:10t3xurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similewill flood everything0The way the large army covers the land will be like a flood of water. Alternate translation: “will be so great in number that they will cover all the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
73611:11z45ywill raise up a great army0Alternate translation: “will assemble a great army”
73711:11wzt8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe army will be given into his hand0Here “hand” represents the control of the king of the South. Alternate translation: “the king will surrender the army to the king of the South” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73811:12dv6krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveThe army will be carried off0This may be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “The king of the South will capture the army of the North” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
73911:12sc8arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill be lifted up0Being lifted up represents the idea of becoming very proud. Alternate translation: “will become very proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74011:12yul2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill make tens of thousands to fall0Here falling represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “will have his army kill many thousands of his enemies” or “will kill many thousands of his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74111:12tj1urc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numberstens of thousands0“many thousands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
74211:13lhx7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea great army supplied with much equipment0This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a great army that has much equipment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74311:14d4rtrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormany will rise against the king0Here the idea of rising up represents rebelling. Alternate translation: “many people will rebel against the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74411:14l5gprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorSons of the violent0This expression stands for violent people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74511:14rd3trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will stumble0Here stumbling represents failing. Alternate translation: “they will not succeed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74611:15eu1nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdocheThe king of the North will come0Here “king of the North” includes his army also. Alternate translation: “The army of the king of the North will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
74711:15tqb1pour out earth for siege mounds0This refers to the piling up of earth in order for soldiers to reach the height of city walls in order to attack them. Soldiers and slaves would put loose earth in baskets, carry them to the right place, and pour it out in order to raise the mounds.
74811:15f3vifortifications0walls and other things built to defend a city or fort from enemy soldiers
74911:15em5hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill not be able to stand0Here standing represents the ability to fight. Alternate translation: “will not be able to keep fighting against them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
75011:16nm4jthe one who comes will act according to his desires against him0Alternate translation: “the invading king will do whatever he wants against the other king”
75111:16zl4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyHe will stand in0Here standing represents ruling. Alternate translation: “The king will begin to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
75211:16d31fthe land of beauty0This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md).
75311:16bmr3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphordestruction will be in his hand0Here “destruction” represents the power to destroy. Also, the power to destroy is spoken of as if it were something that someone could hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “he will have power to destroy anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75411:17cr5frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomset his face0This is an idiom for a person deciding to do something and not being willing to change his mind. Alternate translation: “decide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
75511:17hz1prc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymycome with the strength of his entire kingdom0This probably refers to military power. Alternate translation: “come with the force of all his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
75611:17pl8vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idioma daughter of women0This is an elegant way of saying “a woman.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
75711:18y98awill end his arrogance0Alternate translation: “will make the king of the North stop being arrogant”
75811:18t5p9will cause his arrogance to turn back upon him0Alternate translation: “will cause the king of the North to suffer because he was arrogant toward others”
75911:19ef5yhe will pay attention0Alternate translation: “the king of the North will pay attention”
76011:19x9wdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomhe will not be found0This is a way of saying that he will die. This idea can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will disappear” or “he will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76111:20kdc5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorsomeone will rise up in his place0Rising up in a king’s place represents becoming king in place of the previous king. Alternate translation: “another man will become king of the North instead of that king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76211:20j9ngrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitwill make a tax collector pass through0The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate translation: “will send someone to make the people pay taxes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
76311:20c17crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will be broken0Here “he” refers to the new king. Being broken represents dying. Alternate translation: “the new king will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76411:20j9t5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorbut not in anger0This could mean: (1) no one was angry at the king, or (2) that the occasion and cause of the king’s death were kept secret. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
76511:21jzb9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivea despised person to whom the people will not have given the honor of royal power0The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant of kings. Alternate translation: “a person whom the people will despise and will not honor as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76611:22h918rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveAn army will be swept away like a flood from before him0Being swept away represents being destroyed. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
76711:22pp6nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveBoth that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “He will destroy that army and the leader of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
76811:22kdw5the leader of the covenant0“the leader of the priests.” This phrase refers to the person who filled the most important religious position that God required in his covenant, that of the high priest.
76911:23ws3qrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveFrom the time an alliance is made with him0This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When other rulers make a peace treaty with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
77011:24ml78will spread among his followers0Alternate translation: “will distribute to his followers”
77111:24e41lthe booty, the plunder, and the wealth0Alternate translation: “the valuable things that he and his army take from the people they defeat”
77211:25gu4arc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personificationHe will wake up his power and his heart0Power and heart (that is, courage) are spoken of as if they were people whom someone could wake up in order to make them act. Alternate translation: “He will make himself powerful and will become courageous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
77311:25xr4irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorheart0Here this represents courage. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77411:25l4sgwith a great army0Alternate translation: “with a great army that he will assemble”
77511:25iy35will wage war0Alternate translation: “will fight against him”
77611:25a8rnrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorhe will not stand0Not standing represents being defeated. Alternate translation: “the king of the South will be defeated” or “his army will be defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77711:26q6x3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythose who eat his fine food0This refers to the king’s advisers. It was usual for a king’s most trusted advisers to eat meals with him. Alternate translation: “the king’s best advisers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77811:26ia23rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHis army will be swept away like a flood0Here the severe defeat of an army is spoken of as a flood of water that completely sweeps it away. Alternate translation: “The enemy will completely defeat his army” or “His enemy will completely destroy his army as a flood destroys everything in its path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77911:26vhr4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiommany of them will fall killed0Here “fall” is an idiom that refers to dying in battle, so “fall” and “killed” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “many of his soldiers will die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
78011:27uf6frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwith their hearts set on evil against each other0Here “heart” represents a person’s desires. Desires are spoken of here as if they were an object that someone could set or place in a certain position. Alternate translation: “each determined to do evil to the other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78111:27hy3irc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill sit at the same table0Sitting at the same table represents the act of talking to each other. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78211:27l9y8but it will be of no use0Alternate translation: “but their talking will not help them”
78311:27yqf8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveFor the end will come at the time that has been fixed0This tells why their meetings will not be successful. Alternate translation: “The result of their actions will only come at the time that God has fixed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78411:28gj2crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyriches, with his heart set against the holy covenant0Here “heart” represents the mind or thoughts of a person. The idiom “his heart set against” means to be determined to oppose something. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “riches. He will be determined to oppose the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
78511:28bn8yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywith his heart set against the holy covenant0The king’s desire to act against the holy covenant represents his desire to stop the Israelites from obeying that covenant. Alternate translation: “determined to stop the Israelites from obeying the holy covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78611:28x22zthe holy covenant0Here “holy” describes God’s covenant with Israel. It implies that the covenant should be honored and obeyed because it comes from God himself. Alternate translation: “God’s covenant, which all the Israelites should obey”
78711:28cg5drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitHe will act0This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate translation: “He will do what he wants to in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
78811:30ql6src://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyships of Kittim will come against him0The ships represent the army coming in those ships. Alternate translation: “an army will come from Kittim in ships in order to fight his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
78911:30vt1jrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesKittim0This may refer to a settlement on the island of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
79011:30n36nHe will be furious against the holy covenant0Alternate translation: “He will hate the holy covenant”
79111:30y4cmwill show favor to those0Alternate translation: “will act in favor for those” or “will help those”
79211:31n2xyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomHis forces will rise up0“His army will appear” or “His army will come.” The word “His” refers to the king of the North. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
79311:31cjf5the fortress sanctuary0Alternate translation: “the sanctuary that the people use as a fortress”
79411:31gq2grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorThey will take away the regular burnt offering0Taking away the offering represents preventing people from offering it. Alternate translation: “They will stop the priests from presenting the regular burnt offering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
79511:31e91vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe abomination that causes desolation0This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
79611:32g7ndacted wickedly against the covenant0Alternate translation: “wickedly disobeyed the covenant”
79711:32qcz6corrupt them0Alternate translation: “persuade them to do evil”
79811:32th7nrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywho know their God0Here “know” means “be faithful.” Alternate translation: “who are faithful to their God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79911:32v4tgwill be strong and will take action0Alternate translation: “will be firm and resist them”
80011:33fs3lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will stumble by the sword and by flame0Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. Here “sword” represents battles and warfare, and “flame” represents fire. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle and by burning to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
80111:33i91vthey0This refers to the wise persons among the Israelites.
80211:33kc6hrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthey will stumble into captivity and into being robbed for days0Here “stumble” is a metaphor that represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. The phrase “being robbed” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will become slaves and their enemies will rob them of their possessions for days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
80311:34ji6crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethey will be helped with a little help0This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “others will give them a little help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
80411:34z23fIn hypocrisy many will join themselves with them0This refers to other people who will pretend to help the wise persons, but not because they truly wish to help them.
80511:34w3l4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill join themselves0Here “join themselves” represents “come to help.” Alternate translation: “will come to help them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80611:35u9twSome of the wise will stumble & until the time of the end0This suffering will continue until the time when God has decided that it will end.
80711:35f174rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorSome of the wise will stumble0Here “stumble” represents experiencing a disaster of one kind or another, including death itself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80811:35ip6iso that refining will happen to them0Here “so that” means “with the result that.” Alternate translation: “with the result that refining will happen to them”
80911:35c7itrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsrefining will happen to them, and cleansing, and purifying0These three activities are expressed here as if they were things. However, they may be expressed as actions, either in passive form or in active form. Alternate translation: “they will be refined, cleansed, and purified” or “their suffering will refine, cleanse, and purify them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
81011:35t14zrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorrefining0This refers to the purifying of metal by melting it in a fire. When God makes his people more faithful to himself, this is spoken of as if they were metal that a worker was making more pure by putting it into fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81111:35x3zqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorcleansing0This refers to making people, places, or objects suitable for God’s use by separating them from sin and other forms of evil. It speaks of evil as if it were physical dirtiness that could be removed by washing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81211:35xl1lrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorpurifying0This idea is very similar to refining, discussed earlier. Metal that is refined can also be said to be purified. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81311:35p8p8time of the end0“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
81411:35a7hvthe appointed time is still to come0Here “appointed time” implies that God has set the time. This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has set the time in the future”
81511:36ytf5The king will act according to his desires0Alternate translation: “The king will do whatever he wants”
81611:36pn6uThe king0This refers to the king of the North.
81711:36v9x7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doubletlift himself up and make himself great0The phrases “lift himself up” and “make himself great” mean the same thing and indicate that the king will become very proud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
81811:36sy4crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorlift himself up0Here this represents becoming very proud. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81911:36z6ykrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphormake himself great0Here this represents pretending to be very important and powerful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82011:36w4pmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe God of gods0This refers to the one true God. Alternate translation: “the supreme God” or “the only true God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
82111:36s173astonishing things0Alternate translation: “terrible things” or “shocking things”
82211:36m82mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphoruntil the wrath is completed0This phrase pictures God as storing up his wrath until his storeroom is completely full of it and he is ready to act according to it. Alternate translation: “until God is completely angry with him” or “until God is angry enough to take action against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
82311:37swa4the god desirable to women0This seems to refer to the pagan god named Tammuz.
82411:38a7fhthe god of fortresses0The king probably believed that this false god would help him to attack other people’s fortresses and keep his own. Alternate translation: “the god that controls fortresses”
82511:38zdm8instead of these0The word “these” refers to the gods mentioned in [Daniel 11:37](../11/37.md).
82611:39xrm1he will divide up the land as a reward0This could mean: (1) “he will give the land to his followers as a reward” or (2) “he will sell land to his followers”
82711:40tuf1the time of the end0“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
82811:40m1zirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdochethe king of the South & The king of the North0These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of the South and his army … The king of the North and his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
82911:40r8tvrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorwill storm against him0Violently attacking with an army is spoken of as if a storm happened. Alternate translation: “will attack him like a violent storm” or “will violently attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83011:40nk95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorflood them0When an army overruns a country, it is spoken of as if a flood occurred. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:10](../11/10.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83111:40pc82rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitpass through0Nothing will stop the army. Alternate translation: “will pass through the lands with no one to stop him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
83211:41w7zhthe land of beauty0This refers to the land of Israel. See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:9](../08/09.md) and [Daniel 11:16](./16.md).
83311:41v51yrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymywill fall0Here falling represents the action of dying. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
83411:41vkd7rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyBut these will escape from his hand0Here “hand” represents power. Alternate translation: “But these will escape from his power” or “But he will not be able to destroy these nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
83511:42bs1vGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThis is still about the king of the North.
83611:42ti2erc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorHe will extend his hand into lands0Here “hand” represents power and control. Alternate translation: “He will extend his control over various lands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
83711:42ef52rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinto lands0Here the idea is many lands or various lands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
83811:42w3i4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe land of Egypt will not be rescued0This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “the land of Egypt will not escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
83911:43n537rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe Libyans and the Cushites will be in his footsteps0Here “footsteps” represent submission. Alternate translation: “the Libyans and the Cushites will have to serve him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
84011:43qp3zrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-namesthe Libyans and the Cushites0“the people of Libya and Cush.” Libya is a country west of Egypt, and Cush is a country south of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
84111:44m79fGeneral Information:0# General Information:\n\nThis is still about the king of the North.
84211:44et68rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounshe will go out with great rage0If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rage**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “angry.” It can be stated clearly that he would go out with his army. Alternate translation: “he will be very angry and will go out” or “he will become very angry and will go out with his army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
84311:44n5jurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymygo out0To “go out” represents the action of attacking the enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
84411:44dsf1to set many apart for destruction0Alternate translation: “to destroy many people”
84511:45cil2the tent of his royal residence0This refers to the king’s luxurious tents that he lived in when he was with his army in time of war.
84611:45dk8ubetween the seas and the mountain of the beauty of holiness0This probably refers to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
84711:45k8sprc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymythe mountain of the beauty of holiness0This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where God’s temple was. See how you translated somewhat similar phrases in [Daniel 9:16](../09/16.md) and [Daniel 9:20](../09/20.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
84812:introl8k20# Daniel 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe final prophecy concludes in this chapter. It tells about the future resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judgmentday]])
84912:1c4hlMichael, the great prince0Michael is an archangel. Here he is also given the title “great prince.”
85012:1svv2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomMichael & will rise up0Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to appear. Alternate translation: “Michael … will appear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85112:1c1icrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveyour people will be saved0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God will save the people. Alternate translation: “God will save your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
85212:1n3vdrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivewhose name is found written in the book0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. You can also make it clear that God writes names in the book. Alternate translation: “whose name God has written in the book” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
85312:2e327rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismthose who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise up0The phrase “sleep in the dust of the earth” is another way of referring to those who have died. Here “rise up” is an idiom that means to come back to life. Alternate translation: “those who have died will come back to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85412:3yt7brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simileThose who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky above0This refers to God’s people who will share their wisdom with those around them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
85512:3g6t2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorthose who turn many to righteousness0This refers to those who help others understand that they are separated from God, as if they were changing the direction in which they were going. Alternate translation: “those who teach others to live righteously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85612:3jd17rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-similethose who turn & are like the stars forever and ever0These people are compared to the stars that shine. Alternate translation: “those who turn … will shine brightly like the stars forever and ever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
85712:4qed5rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyclose up these words; keep the book sealed0Here “words” represents the book. Alternate translation: “close this book and keep it sealed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85812:4mb3vtime of the end0“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
85912:4krj6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitMany will run here and there, and knowledge will increase0This seems to happen before “the time of the end” during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
86012:5q8a8General Information:0# General Information:\n\nDaniel goes on to tell what he saw next in this vision that began in [Daniel 10:1](../10/01.md).
86112:5mxu1there were two others standing0Alternate translation: “there were two other angels standing”
86212:6d2x2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe man clothed in linen0This refers to the angel who appeared to Daniel in [Daniel 10:5](../10/05.md), not to one of the angels who is standing beside the river. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
86312:6cw1uupstream along the river0This could mean: (1) the angel clothed in linen was above the river or (2) the angel was further upstream along the river.
86412:6x2yzHow long will it be to the end of these amazing events?0“How long will these amazing events last?” This refers to the time from the beginning to the end of the events.
86512:6g6y7these amazing events0At the time when the angel spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
86612:7z28brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassivethe man clothed in linen0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man who was wearing linen clothes” or “the angel who was wearing linen clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
86712:7s5j3the one who lives forever0Alternate translation: “God, who lives forever”
86812:7i56rit would be for a time, times, and half a time0It is best to leave it ambiguous as to when this begins. If you must choose a starting point, the three and a half years probably start with the events of [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md).
86912:7rue1a time, times, and half a time0“three and a half years.” These “times” are generally understood to refer to years. One and two and a half equal three and a half.
87012:7fme6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveall these things will be completed0If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all these things will have happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
87112:7ir93all these things0At the time when the man clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
87212:8as7uMy master0Daniel refers to the angel clothed in linen as “My master” to show respect to the angel.
87312:8cd6nof all these things0At the time when the angel clothed in linen spoke to Daniel, none of the events in this vision had happened. This definitely refers to the events in [Daniel 12:1-4](./01.md), and may possibly also include the events in the vision from chapter 11.
87412:9g3nwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorfor the words are shut up and sealed0The vision that was given to Daniel was not to be explained. The book was sealed and no one could access it. Alternate translation: “for you are to close up and seal the words you have written” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87512:9c98pthe time of the end0“the final days” or “the end of the world.” See how you translated this in [Daniel 8:17](../08/17.md).
87612:10k53frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveMany will be purified, cleansed, and refined0Yahweh does the purifying. These three terms mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will purify, cleanse, and refine many people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
87712:10nnz4refined0purified by removing anything that does not belong in them
87812:10b2dgbut the wicked will act wickedly0The evil people will do evil or sinful things.
87912:10z62cNone of the wicked will understand0The evil people can not understand spiritual knowledge.
88012:10j874but those who are wise will understand0Alternate translation: “but those who obey Yahweh are wise and will understand”
88112:11ux9krc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitthe regular burnt offering is & is set up0The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate translation: “the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
88212:11cg65rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomthe abomination that causes complete desolation0This refers to an idol that will make the temple desolate, that is, that will cause God to leave his temple. See how you translated this in [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md). Alternate translation: “the disgusting idol that will cause God to abandon the temple” or “the disgusting thing that will make the temple unclean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
88312:11f32xrc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers1,290 days0“one thousand two and hundred ninety days” or “twelve hundred and ninety days.” Here “days” refers to a period of time. Most commonly rendered as days, but can also imply years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
88412:12gpx3Blessed is the one who waits0Alternate translation: “Blessed is the person who waits” or “Blessed is anyone who waits”
88512:12dy9twho waits0Alternate translation: “who remains faithful”
88612:12lqv9rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbersthe 1,335 days0“one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days” or “thirteen hundred and thirty-five days.” Here “days” is referring to a period of time most commonly rendered as days. However, it can also imply years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
88712:13md7kYou must go0“Daniel, you must go” This refers to Daniel continuing to live and serve the kings until the appointed time of his death.
88812:13gv9drc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemismyou will rest0This is a gentle way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
88912:13kjx5You will rise0This is referring to the first resurrection of the dead when the righteous people will be raised up.
89012:13vf3xthe place assigned to you0Alternate translation: “the place God has assigned to you”