test_org2_en_tn/en_tn_12-2KI.tsv

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22KIfrontintronv2v0# Introduction to 2 Kings<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of 2 Kings<br><br>1. The prophets Elijah and Elisha (1:1-8:15)<br> * Elijah brings Yahwehs judgment onto King Ahaziah (1:118)<br> * Elijah goes to heaven and Elisha replaces him (2:125)<br> * Elisha defends the northern kingdom against Moab (3:127)<br> * Elisha performs various miracles (4:144)<br> * Elisha heals Naaman the Syrian (5:127)<br> * Elisha acts in time of war against Syria (6:17:20)<br> * Elishas reputation and prophecy about Hazael (8:115)<br>1. The history of Judah and Israel from Kings Jehoram and Joram to the fall of Israel (8:1617:41)<br>1. The history of Judah from King Hezekiah to the fall of Judah (18:125:30)<br><br>### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about?<br><br>These books are about what happened to the people of Israel, from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died.<br><br>In the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem ([2 Kings 2223](../../2ki/22/01.md)). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked.<br><br>The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew. They were separated into two books when translated into Greek. Translators might choose more meaningful titles such as “The First Book about the Kings” and “The Second Book about the Kings.”<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the purpose of 1 and 2 Kings?<br><br>These books were probably finished during the exile, after the Babylonians had destroyed the temple. They show how being faithful to Yahweh results in his blessing and prospering his people. Worshipping idols and not being faithful result in their being punished and destroyed.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly?<br><br>In the Bible, people often referred to themselves as “your servant” when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. Indirectly addressing people in this way was intended to honor the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” in this way. But a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position.<br><br>### What does the king “did what was right (or) evil in the eyes of Yahweh” mean?<br><br>The writer repeats this kind of expression throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Here “in the eyes of Yahweh” represents what Yahweh thinks about someone. If a king was faithful and obeyed the covenant, he did what was right according to Yahweh. If he was not faithful and disobeyed the covenant, he did what was evil according to Yahweh.<br><br>### What is the meaning of the term “Israel”?<br><br>The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed Jacobs name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in 2 Kings 2:22; 8:22; 10:27; 14:7; 16:6; 17:23, 34, 41.<br><br>### Can I translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings?<br><br>The Book of 1 Kings should be translated before 2 Kings, since 2 Kings continues from where 1 Kings ends.
32KI1introt6cl0# 2 Kings 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>2 Kings is a continuation of 1 Kings.<br><br>The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods sovereignty<br>God is in control of the future. King Ahaziah sent messengers to ask the Philistine god if he would recover from his fall, but this god does not know the future. Because he asked another god instead of Yahweh, Elijah sent the messengers to tell Ahaziah that he would not recover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical question<br>Elijah rebuked the king with a rhetorical question: “Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
42KI11ip770Moab rebelledAlternate translation: “The people who lived in Moab rebelled”
52KI12qdg9figs-explicit0the lattice in his upper chamberThe upper room was built on the roof of the palace. The lattice was made of thin boards decoratively crossed over one another to form a balcony or window covering. Alternate translation: “the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
62KI12n4u5translate-names0Baal-Zebub(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
72KI13xk530YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
82KI13vu6ltranslate-names0the TishbiteThis refers to someone from the city of Tishbe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
92KI13sql3figs-rquestion0Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron?This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. Alternate translation: “You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
102KI13ns1x0consult with Baal-ZebubThe word “consult” means to get the opinion of someone about a question.
112KI14hs1gfigs-explicit0Therefore Yahweh saysThis is Yahwehs message to King Ahaziah. Alternate translation: “Therefore Yahweh says to King Ahaziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
122KI14ea7zfigs-explicit0You will not come down from the bed to where you have gone upWhen King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. Alternate translation: “You will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
132KI15h8rrfigs-explicit0When the messengers returned to AhaziahAfter meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
142KI16hrs2figs-rquestion0Is it because there is no God in Israel that you sent men to consult with Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron?This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This is irony because they are definitely aware of the God of Israel. See how you translated a similar question in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “You fools! You know there is a God in Israel, but you were acting as though you did not know when you sent men to consult Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
152KI16q7jqfigs-explicit0you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone upWhen King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
162KI18ivq2figs-explicit0He wore a garment made of hairThis could mean: (1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate translation: “He was very hairy” or (2) “His clothes were made from animal hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
172KI19n9csfigs-explicit0Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to ElijahThe king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. Alternate translation: “Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
182KI19a83ftranslate-numbers0fifty soldiers“50 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
192KI110p9xj0If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heavenThe captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. Alternate translation: “Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven” or “If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven”
202KI110zh8j0from heavenAlternate translation: “from the sky”
212KI111u4yttranslate-numbers0fifty soldiers“50 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
222KI112ft4v0If I am a man of God, let fire come down from heavenThe captain had called Elijah a man of God, but the captain and the king did not show Elijah proper respect. Elijah said this so that fire would come down from heaven, and this would prove that Elijah really was a man of God and he deserved their respect. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “Since I am a man of God, let fire come down from heaven” or “If I am a man of God as you have said, let fire come down from heaven”
232KI112pr93figs-possession0fire of GodThis means that the fire came from God. Alternate translation: “fire from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
242KI113j2vktranslate-numbers0fifty warriors“50 warriors” or “50 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
252KI113ptv60implored himAlternate translation: “begged him”
262KI113ye4vfigs-explicit0these fifty servants of yoursThe captain says that his servants are Elijahs servants to show him honor. AT “my fifty soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
272KI113b8jffigs-metaphor0let my life and the life of … be precious in your sightHere Elijahs “sight” represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is pleading with Elijah to let them live. Alternate translation: “please consider my life and the life of … as precious to you” or “consider my life and the life of … to be of worth to you and do not kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
282KI114t3syfigs-metaphor0let my life be precious in your sightHere Elijahs “sight” represents him judgement or evaluation. The captain is repeating his request for Elijah to show kindness to him and let him live. Alternate translation: “please be kind to me” or “please allow me to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
292KI116akr3figs-rquestion0Is it because there is no God in Israel from whom you can ask for information?This rhetorical question is asked as a rebuke for consulting Baal-Zebub. This is irony because the king is definitely aware of the God of Israel. Alternate translation: “You must think there is no God in Israel whom you may ask for information!” or “You fool! You know there is a God in Israel to consult, but you acted as if you did not know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
302KI116bgi9figs-explicit0you will not come down from the bed where you have gone upWhen King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md). Alternate translation: “you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed where you are lying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
312KI117sl2v0the word of Yahweh that Elijah had spokenAlternate translation: “what Yahweh had told Elijah that Elijah had spoken”
322KI117s5cdfigs-explicit0in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of JudahThis describes the time that Joram began to reign over Israel by stating how long Jehoram had been reigning over Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “in the second year that Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
332KI118emi5figs-rquestion0are they not written … Israel?This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they are written … Israel.” or “someone has written about them in … Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
342KI2introi2160# 2 Kings 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter ends the story of Elijah and begins the story of Elisha.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Elisha replaces Elijah as the chief prophet of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
352KI21u56uwriting-newevent0So it came about“So it happened.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
362KI21pmc10a whirlwinda strong wind that spins around and around
372KI22w2jbfigs-simile0As Yahweh lives, and as you live“As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise you that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
382KI23w5x1figs-idiom0The sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. Alternate translation: “A group of men who were prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
392KI24q628figs-simile0As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you“As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
402KI25w9wu0Then the sons of the prophets who were at Jericho came to Elisha and said to himAlternate translation: “When Elijah and Elisha came near Jericho, the sons of the prophets who were from there said to Elisha”
412KI25g9dufigs-idiom0the sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of men who were prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
422KI26y3mlfigs-simile0As Yahweh lives, and as you live, I will not leave you“As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live, I will not leave you.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elijah are alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise you that I will not leave you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
432KI27u37htranslate-numbers0fifty of the sons“50 of the sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
442KI27b5cdfigs-idiom0the sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of men who were prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
452KI27t6qzfigs-idiom0stood opposite themThis means that they were standing, facing them. Alternate translation: “stood facing them” or “stood watching them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
462KI28v3mg0cloakouter piece of clothing used as a covering
472KI28cca70The river divided on both sides so that the two of them walked over on dry groundAlternate translation: “The water of the Jordan River opened up so there was a dry path for Elijah and Elisha to cross over to the other side”
482KI28ai9c0on both sides“to the right and the left.” This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water.
492KI29l4ab0It came aboutAlternate translation: “it happened”
502KI29b2awfigs-explicit0crossed overThis refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
512KI29q4e3figs-activepassive0before I am taken from youIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh takes me from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
522KI29kk6zfigs-metonymy0a double portion of your spiritHere Elijahs spirit refers to his spiritual power. Alternate translation: “twice as much of your spiritual power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
532KI211ikl90beholdThe word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
542KI211c6nefigs-possession0a chariot of fire and horses of fireHere the phrase “of fire” means that these were surround by fire. Alternate translation: “a chariot surrounded by fire pulled by horses surrounded by fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
552KI211xmx80went up by a whirlwind into heaven“was carried into the sky by a whirlwind.” Translate the word “whirlwind” the same as you did in [2 Kings 2:1](../02/01.md).
562KI212su110My father, my fatherElisha is calling Elijah his respected leader.
572KI212bb7wtranslate-symaction0tore them into two piecesPeople would often tear their clothes as a sign of great sadness or grief. Alternate translation: “ripped them in two pieces to show his great sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
582KI213t6ri0cloakThe cloak was the otter clothing of a prophet. It was the sign of his job. When Elisha took Elijahs cloak he was saying he was taking Elijahs place as prophet.
592KI214l45ffigs-explicit0Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah?Elisha is asking if Yahweh is with him as he was with Elijah. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Elijah, are you here with me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
602KI214jjx10they divided on both sides and Elisha crossed overThe river separated and Elisha walked to the other side on dry ground, the same way he did previously when he was with Elijah.
612KI214q6wl0on both sides“to the right and the left.” This refers to the right and the left of where Elijah struck the water.
622KI215dm3gfigs-idiom0the sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
632KI215cz8j0bowed themselves to the ground before himThey are showing him deep respect and acknowledging him as their new leader.
642KI215fu1hfigs-metonymy0The spirit of Elijah does rest on ElishaHere Elijahs “spirit” refers to his spiritual power. This speaks of Elisha having this spiritual power as if it were something that physically rested upon him. Alternate translation: “Elisha does have the same spiritual power that Elijah did” or “The spiritual power Elijah had is now with Elisha” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
652KI216tz77figs-explicit0See now, among your servants there are fifty strong men. Let them goThese men are referring to themselves when they say “fifty strong men.” Alternate translation: “See now, we are fifty strong men and we are now your servants. Let us go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
662KI216pig4translate-numbers0fifty strong men“50 strong men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
672KI217x4m5figs-explicit0But when they urged Elisha until he was ashamedThe sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying “no.” Alternate translation: “They kept asking Elisha until he felt bad for denying their request, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
682KI218s7q6figs-rquestion0Did I not say to you, Do not go?Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
692KI219s8840The men of the cityAlternate translation: “The leaders of the city”
702KI219k9c8figs-explicit0the situation of this city is pleasantThis means that the city is located in a good place. Alternate translation: “this city is in a good place” or “this city is in a good location” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
712KI219jfc30as my master can seeThe men refer to Elisha here as “my master” to honor him.
722KI219rms60fruitfulproducing good crops
732KI221jc7zfigs-metaphor0healed these watersThis speaks of Yahweh making the bad water pure as if he healed it. Alternate translation: “made the waters pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
742KI221q6wjfigs-doublenegatives0there will be no more death or unfruitful landThis refers to things caused by the bad water. This also can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “there will be no more death or problems with crops caused by this water” or “from now on this water will bring life and help the land become fruitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
752KI222cpa7figs-activepassive0the waters were healedIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the waters have remained pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
762KI222ygc2figs-idiom0to this day,…spokeThis means that something remains in a certain condition until the present time. Alternate translation: “by the word which Elisha spoke, and have always remained pure since” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
772KI223jl1u0went up from there to BethelThe phrase “went up” is used her because Bethel is higher in elevation than Jericho.
782KI223y5ldfigs-idiom0Go upThe young boys wanted Elisha to go away from them and expressed this by saying “go up.” Alternate translation: “Go away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
792KI223gyr20baldheadA bald person does not have any hair on their head. The young boys were mocking Elisha for having a bald head.
802KI224tzw2translate-numbers0forty-two of the boys“42 of the boys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
812KI3introk5ke0# 2 Kings 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Elisha continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Victory and defeat<br>God is in control of victory and defeat. The armies of Israel, Judah and Edom united to attack Moab from the desert for failure to pay tribute. When they ran out of water, they were in desperate condition. Therefore, they asked Elisha (the prophet of God) what to do and he said God would give them water and victory over Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>They described Elisha with the idiom, “who poured water on the hands of Elijah,” meaning “who served Elijah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Anger<br>It is said that, “Anger came on Israel.” It is not clear who was angry or why they were angry.
822KI31hcb2figs-explicit0in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of JudahThis describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “in the eighteenth year that Jehoshaphat was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
832KI31t9putranslate-ordinal0the eighteenth year“year 18” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
842KI31gh3r0Joram son of AhabSometimes this man is referred to as “Jehoram.” This is not the same person as the man mentioned in [2 Kings 1:17](../01/17.md) named “Jehoram.”
852KI32dqh6figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehHere “sight” refers to Yahwehs thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahwehs judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
862KI32ry4xfigs-simile0but not like his father and his motherThis compares how much evil he did to being less that the amount that his parents did. Alternate translation: “but he did not do as much evil as his father and mother had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
872KI32v3k7figs-possession0the sacred stone pillar of BaalThis pillar was used in the worship of Baal, though it is unknown what the pillar looked like. Alternate translation: “the sacred stone pillar for worshiping Baal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
882KI33u5f7figs-idiom0he held on to the sinsThis is an idiom. Here “holding on” to something means to continue doing it. Alternate translation: “he continued to commit the sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
892KI33n4cttranslate-names0NebatThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
902KI33zgj1figs-idiom0he did not turn away from them“Turning away” from something is an idiom which means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “he did not stop committing those sins” or “he continued committing those sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
912KI34r82yfigs-explicit0He had to give to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 ramsMesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Every year he was forced to give 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel, because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
922KI34n1adtranslate-numbers0100,000 lambs…100,000 rams“one hundred thousand lambs … one hundred thousand rams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
932KI36kkb2figs-synecdoche0to mobilize all Israel for war“to prepare the people of Israel for war.” Here “all Israel” refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
942KI37uqt2figs-synecdoche0Will you go with me against Moab to battle?The word “you” refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here “Moab” stands for “the army of Moab.” Alternate translation: “Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
952KI37zuz1figs-synecdoche0I will goJehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. Alternate translation: “We will go with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
962KI37qh7xfigs-explicit0I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horsesJehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
972KI38cld50By way of the wilderness of EdomAlternate translation: “By going through the wilderness of Edom”
982KI39luy3figs-synecdoche0the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of EdomThis refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
992KI39ei9n0They wandered aroundThis could mean: (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)).
1002KI310w5esfigs-rquestion0What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab?The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1012KI310lze9figs-synecdoche0to give them into the hand of MoabHere “Moab” refers to its army. Also, “the hand of Moab” refers to the “control” of Moabs army. Alternate translation: “to give us over to Moabs control” or “so the army of Moab will defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1022KI311m7asfigs-rquestion0Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him?Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. Alternate translation: “I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1032KI311ql15translate-names0ShaphatThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1042KI311y2h5figs-idiom0who poured water on the hands of ElijahThis idiom means that he was Elijahs helper. The phrase “poured water on the hands” is a description of one of the ways he served Elijah. Alternate translation: “who was a helper to Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1052KI312gjn5figs-explicit0The word of Yahweh is with himThis means that he is a prophet and that Yahweh tells him what to say. Alternate translation: “He speaks what Yahweh tells him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1062KI312xm7zfigs-explicit0went down to himThey went to see Elijah and to consult with him about what they should do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1072KI313r7z3figs-rquestion0What have I to do with you?Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have nothing to do with you.” or “I have nothing in common with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1082KI313b5fgfigs-metonymy0to give them into the hand of MoabHere the “hand of Moab” refers the Moabs “control.” Alternate translation: “to give them over to the control of Moab” or “to allow them to be captured by the Moabite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1092KI314y4byfigs-simile0As Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely“As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that, if it were not for Jehoshaphat being there, he would not pay attention to Joram. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I promise you, if it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1102KI314g8m7figs-metaphor0before whom I standHere serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1112KI314js2sfigs-doublenegatives0were it not for the fact that I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, I would not pay any attention to youThis can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “I pay attention to you only because I honor the presence of Jehoshaphat king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1122KI314p915figs-metonymy0I honor the presence of JehoshaphatHere Jehoshaphat is referred to by his presence. Alternate translation: “I honor Jehoshaphat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1132KI314w5fafigs-parallelism0I would not pay any attention to you, or even look at youThese two phrases have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize that he would not pay any attention to Joram. Alternate translation: “I would not have anything at all to do with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1142KI315hy8s0Then it came to passAlternate translation: “And it happened that”
1152KI315ngt80harpistsomeone who plays the harp
1162KI315hae4figs-metonymy0the hand of Yahweh came upon ElishaHere Yahwehs “hand” refers to his “power.” Alternate translation: “the power of Yahweh came upon Elisha” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1172KI316wr490trenchesA trench is a long ditch that workers dig in the ground to collect water.
1182KI317yt5gfigs-activepassive0this river valley will be filled with waterIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will fill this river valley with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1192KI317yr9tfigs-explicit0you will drinkThis refers to drinking the water that Yahweh provides. Alternate translation: “you will drink the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1202KI318er4mfigs-metaphor0This is an easy thing in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh considers this as an easy thing to do” or “This is an easy thing for Yahweh to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1212KI319u2490fortified cityA fortified city is well protected from enemies by such things as high walls or a easily defensible location.
1222KI319ig6lfigs-explicit0ruin every good piece of land with rocksThis means to put rocks on the fertile land so that it is difficult to use. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “ruin every good piece of land by covering them with rocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1232KI320bag30there came waterAlternate translation: “water began flowing”
1242KI320xh8j0the country was filled with waterAlternate translation: “and soon the country became filled with water”
1252KI320qt740countryland, ground
1262KI321by8mwriting-background0NowThis word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about the Moabite army preparing to meet the three kings and their armies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1272KI321yqn5figs-metonymy0all who were able to put on armorHere “armor” represents ability to fight. Alternate translation: “all the men who could fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1282KI321ct3tfigs-synecdoche0the kings had comeHere the word “kings” refers to both the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the kings had come with their armies” or “the kings and their armies had come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1292KI322bxk5figs-simile0it looked as red as bloodThis compares the red appearance of the water to the color of blood. Alternate translation: “it was red like blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1302KI323di7vfigs-synecdoche0So now, MoabThe soldiers are referring to themselves here as “Moab.” Alternate translation: “soldiers of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1312KI323bft20plunder them“steal their belongings.” After an army defeated their enemies, they would often plunder their towns by stealing whatever was left of value.
1322KI324eny7figs-synecdoche0camp of IsraelHere “Israel” refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1332KI324v7zwfigs-synecdoche0the Israelites surprisedHere “Israelites” refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers surprised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1342KI324g9vn0fled before themAlternate translation: “ran away from them”
1352KI325g449translate-names0Kir HaresethThis is the capital of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1362KI325fq8hfigs-explicit0was left with its rocks in placeThe walls and buildings of the city were made of stones. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “still had its stone walls and buildings in place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1372KI325a4lh0with slingsA “sling” is piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance.
1382KI326v9le0King MeshaTranslate the name of this king the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:4](../03/04.md).
1392KI326hl9e0that the battle was lostAlternate translation: “that his army was being defeated”
1402KI326lyu6translate-numbers0seven hundred swordsmen“700 swordsmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1412KI326d77c0swordsmensoldiers who fight with swords
1422KI326l1sy0break through“force their way through.” There were many soldiers fighting on the battlefield which made it difficult to move though the crowd.
1432KI327d4k7figs-explicit0offered him as a burnt offeringKing Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1442KI327izf1figs-abstractnouns0So there was great anger against IsraelHere the word “anger” can be expressed as a verb. There are two possibilities for who is angry here: (1) The Moabite soldiers. Alternate translation: “So the Moabite soldiers were very angry with Israel” or (2) God. Alternate translation: “So God was very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1452KI4introma9j0# 2 Kings 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Widow<br>Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread.
1462KI41x1uafigs-idiom0the sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1472KI41iu5k0Your servant my husbandAlternate translation: “My husband, who was your servant”
1482KI41s3r10creditorperson who lends other people money
1492KI42n1q60Your servant has nothingThe woman refers to herself as Elishas servant to show him honor.
1502KI42rwy3figs-hyperbole0nothing in the house, except a pot of oilThis is an exaggeration. The only valuable thing she had was a jar of oil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1512KI44pea2figs-explicit0you must go insideThis means to go inside their house. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you must go inside your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1522KI46ln260the vesselsAlternate translation: “the jars”
1532KI47trw8figs-explicit0the man of GodThis refers to Elisha. Alternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1542KI47u3pxfigs-idiom0live with your sons on the restThis is an idiom. It means to use the money to buy the things that they need, such as food and clothing. Alternate translation: “use the rest of the money for you and your sons for what you need to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1552KI48agh3translate-names0ShunemThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1562KI48aab9figs-explicit0she urged him to eat food with herThis means that she asked him to stop and have a meal at her house. Alternate translation: “she asked him to come to her house to have a meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1572KI48zxt50passed byAlternate translation: “traveled through Shunem”
1582KI49t6m90See, now I realizeAlternate translation: “Now I understand”
1592KI49s4jr0who is always passing byAlternate translation: “who travels by regularly”
1602KI410wt8r0Let usHere “us” refers to the important woman and her husband.
1612KI412jqx1translate-names0GehaziThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1622KI412dj7q0Call this Shunammite“Call the Shunammite woman.” This refers to the woman from Shunem that Elisha was staying with.
1632KI413u5ecfigs-idiom0You have gone to all this trouble to care for usThe phrase “gone to all this trouble” is an idiom that means to make great effort to do something. Alternate translation: “You have made a great effort to care for us” or “You have worked very hard to take care of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1642KI413vi6jfigs-activepassive0What can be done for youIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “What can we do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1652KI413dm19figs-explicit0Can we speak for youHere Elisha is asking if she would like for him to speak to the king or army commander to make a request for her. The implicit meaning of this question can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Can we make a request for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1662KI413v5zvfigs-explicit0I live among my own peopleThe woman is implying that she does not need anything because her family cares for her needs. Alternate translation: “I live surrounded by my family, and because they take care of me, I have no needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1672KI415cvk30Call herAlternate translation: “Ask her to come to see me”
1682KI415r7hp0When he had called herAlternate translation: “When Gehazi had called her”
1692KI415tuw6figs-metonymy0the doorThis refers to the doorway. Alternate translation: “the doorway” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1702KI416ybj50a sonAlternate translation: “your son”
1712KI416if5w0my master and man of GodThe woman uses both of these names to refer to Elisha.
1722KI416a4ew0your servantThe woman refers to herself as Elishas servant to show him honor.
1732KI417gn4c0at the same time in the following yearAlternate translation: “during the same season the next year”
1742KI418r4hu0When the child had grownAlternate translation: “When the child was older”
1752KI419q4fxfigs-explicit0My head, my head.The child said this because his head hurt. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “My head hurts! My head hurts!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1762KI420i924figs-synecdoche0the child sat on her knees until noon and then diedHere the womans knees refer to her lap. She held her son in her lap until he died. Alternate translation: “she held him on her lap until noon and then he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1772KI421hf6dfigs-explicit0on the bed of the man of GodThis was the bed in the room she had prepared for Elisha when he traveled through Shunem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1782KI421a8m10the man of GodAlternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God”
1792KI422dr4kfigs-explicit0that I may hurry to the man of God and then come backThe woman told her husband she was going to see Elisha but she did not say that she was going because their son had died. This implicit information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back. But she did not tell her husband that their son had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1802KI423v9f7figs-explicit0It will be all rightThe woman states this, knowing this will be the case if her husband does as she requests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Everything will be all right if you do as I ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1812KI424r8pmfigs-metonymy0she saddled a donkeyThe woman did not saddle the donkey, rather the servant would have saddled it for her. Alternate translation: “she had her servant saddle a donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1822KI425yqh50So she went and came to the man of God at Mount CarmelAlternate translation: “So she traveled toward Mount Carmel where Elisha, the man of God, was”
1832KI425kpg90So when the man of God saw her in the distanceAlternate translation: “While she was still far off, and Elisha saw her coming”
1842KI426h6sp0It is alrightAlternate translation: “It is well” or “Yes, everything is fine”
1852KI427kq550the mountainAlternate translation: “Mount Carmel”
1862KI427r3nrfigs-explicit0she caught hold of his feetThis implies that she knelt or laid on the ground in front of him and grabbed his feet. Alternate translation: “she dropped down on the ground in front of him and put her hands around his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1872KI427wjr10Yahweh has hidden the problem from me, and has told me nothingElisha can see that the woman is upset but Yahweh has not revealed to him the cause of her problem.
1882KI428ct7ifigs-rquestion0Did I ask you for a son, my master? Did I not say, Do not deceive me?The woman uses these rhetorical questions to show that she is upset about what has happened. She is speaking about her conversation with Elisha when he told her that she was going to have a son. These questions may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I did not ask you to give me a son, but I did ask you not to lie to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1892KI429g9dl0Dress for travelAlternate translation: “Get ready to travel”
1902KI429gd610If you meet any man, do not greet him, and if anyone greets you, do not answer himElisha wanted Gehazi to travel as quickly as possible, without even stopping to talk to anyone.
1912KI430x58s0As Yahweh lives, and as you liveThis shows that the mother is taking an oath. The mother compares the certainty that Yahweh and Elisha are alive to the certainty of what she is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh lives and as you live” or “I solemnly promise that”
1922KI431nu33figs-explicit0but the child did not speak or hearThis means that the child was not alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “but the child did not show any signs of being alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1932KI431pel6figs-euphemism0has not awakenedHere being dead is spoken of as being asleep. Alternate translation: “is still dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1942KI433xt9g0So Elisha went in and shut the door on the child and himselfAlternate translation: “So Elisha went by himself into the room where the child lay, closed the door”
1952KI435k6ei0stretched himself out on the boyAlternate translation: “laid on top of the boy again”
1962KI436i9qz0the ShunammiteAlternate translation: “the Shunammite woman”
1972KI437rvs8translate-symaction0Then she lay facedown on the ground at his feet and bowed to the groundThe woman bowed down before Elisha as a sign of great respect and appreciation. Alternate translation: “Then she bowed in front of Elisha with her face to the ground to show him her gratitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1982KI438j4lkfigs-idiom0the sons of the prophetsThis is an idiom. It does not mean that they were actually the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of men who were prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1992KI438mkn90stewThis is a dish that is usually made of meat and vegetables cooked in a pot with liquid.
2002KI439n9y90wild gourdsThese vegetables were growing wild, meaning someone had not planted them.
2012KI439e7es0fill the fold of his robeHe lifted the bottom edge of his robe up to his waist to make a place to carry more gourds than he could carry with his hands only.
2022KI439e55cfigs-explicit0but did not know what kind they wereSince they did not know what kind of gourds they were they did not know whether or not they were safe to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but did not know if they were good or bad to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2032KI440q1p20they poured out the stewAlternate translation: “they poured the stew into bowls”
2042KI440bvf8figs-metonymy0there is death in the potThis means that there was something in the pot that could kill them, not that there is something dead in the pot. Alternate translation: “there is something in the pot that will kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2052KI441ss470He threw it into the potAlternate translation: “He added it to the stew in the pot”
2062KI441r9hq0Pour it out for the peopleAlternate translation: “Serve it to the people”
2072KI442e27ztranslate-names0Baal ShalishahThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2082KI442p26jtranslate-numbers0twenty loaves“20 loaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2092KI442h26n0from the new harvestAlternate translation: “made from the grain from the new harvest”
2102KI442xa590fresh ears of grain“fresh heads of grain.” This refers to grain from the new harvest.
2112KI443l9rlfigs-rquestion0What, should I set this before a hundred men?The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “That is not enough to feed a hundred men!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2122KI443tp2ltranslate-numbers0a hundred men“100 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2132KI444ra7wfigs-metonymy0the word of YahwehHere Yahweh is referred to by what he said. This phrase is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2142KI5intron1ty0# 2 Kings 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elishas miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
2152KI51t6rpfigs-metonymy0in his masters view“sight.” The kings “view” represents what he thinks about something. Alternate translation: “in the kings opinion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2162KI51pdy10because by him Yahweh had given victory to AramHere “Aram” refers to the Aramean army. Alternate translation: “because through Naaman, Yahweh had given victory to the Aramean army”
2172KI52seh1figs-synecdoche0The Arameans had gone outHere the “Arameans” refer to the Aramean soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2182KI52vyi90raiding in bands“in small groups attacking.” This means to go out attacking an enemy in small groups.
2192KI53nz190The girl said to her mistressThe girl from Israel, who had been captured by the Aramean soldiers, spoke to Naamans wife.
2202KI53mnp10my masterHere “my master” refers to Naaman.
2212KI55mq1rfigs-explicit0I will send a letterThe king is going to give the letter to Naaman to take with him to the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will send a letter with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2222KI55kp6btranslate-numbers0ten talents of silver, six thousand pieces of gold“10 talents of silver, 6,000 pieces of gold.” This can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “330 kilograms of sliver, 6,000 pieces of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2232KI55ge56figs-explicit0took with him ten … clothesThis were gifts from the king of Aram for the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “took with him ten … clothes, which were gifts for the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2242KI57q6lqtranslate-symaction0he tore his clothesOften people would rip their clothes if they were in great distress. Alternate translation: “he ripped his clothes to show his distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2252KI57ief7figs-rquestion0Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy?The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2262KI57v9dffigs-explicit0It seems he is seeking to start an argument with meThe king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. Alternate translation: “It seems he is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2272KI58ck820General Information:Elisha talks to the King of Israel about Naaman.
2282KI58uj3nfigs-rquestion0Why have you torn your clothes?Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he does not need to be distressed and tear his clothes. Alternate translation: “There is no need to be distressed and tear your clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2292KI510qqs5figs-activepassive0your flesh will be restoredThis can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “your flesh will be well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2302KI510p9phfigs-metaphor0you will be cleanthis means that he will no longer be unclean. A person who God considers spiritually unacceptable or defiled is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. God considers a person who has leprosy as being defiled and unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2312KI511kr9b0LookThis word is used here to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2322KI511z6exfigs-metonymy0the name of YahwehHere Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2332KI511an1r0over the placeAlternate translation: “over the diseased area of my skin” or “over my leprosy”
2342KI512yxw5figs-rquestion0Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel?Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2352KI512i532translate-names0Abanah and PharparThese are the names of rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2362KI512iln3figs-rquestion0Can I not bathe in them and be clean?Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should have just bathed in them and been healed!” or “I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2372KI512d7lx0went away in a rageAlternate translation: “was very angry as he walked away”
2382KI513vet40My fatherThe servants were showing respect to Naaman by addressing him as “my father” or “sir.”
2392KI513yvc6figs-rquestion0would you not have done it?The servant uses this question to carefully rebuke Naaman. Alternate translation: “you surely would have done it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2402KI513jg7yfigs-ellipsis0How much rather thenThe servant is comparing how much more willing Naaman should be to obey a simple command since he is willing to obey a difficult one. Alternate translation: “How much more willing you should be to obey” or “Should you not be even more willing to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2412KI513yyd5figs-rquestion0How much rather then, when he says to you to simply, Dip yourself and be clean?The servant uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to Naaman that he should obey Elishas command. This question can be written as statement. Alternate translation: “You should be even more willing to obey when he says to you simply, Dip yourself and be clean.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2422KI514t8jh0the man of GodAlternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God”
2432KI514mgk2figs-simile0His flesh was restored again like the flesh of a little childThis speaks how smooth Namaans skin is after he is healed by comparing it to the skin of a young child. Alternate translation: “His flesh was restored again and was as soft as the flesh of a young child” or “His skin was well again and was smooth like a young childs skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2442KI514fh8a0His fleshAlternate translation: “His skin”
2452KI514y52xfigs-activepassive0he was healedIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his leprosy was gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2462KI515y16h0LookThis word is used here to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2472KI515j17q0there is no God in all the earth except in IsraelAlternate translation: “the only God in all the earth is in Israel”
2482KI516d9cffigs-simile0As Yahweh lives, before whom I stand, I“As surely as I know that Yahweh lives, before whom I stand.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that he will not receive any gifts from Naaman. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh lives, before whom I stand, I promise you that I” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2492KI516ha3tfigs-metaphor0before whom I standHere serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2502KI516rt86figs-explicit0I will receive nothingThis means that he will not accept any gifts. Alternate translation: “I will not take any gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2512KI517wz69figs-ellipsis0If notThe understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “If you will not take the gifts I have brought for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2522KI517uf7sfigs-activepassive0let there be given to your servantThis can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “let me have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2532KI517iy2lfigs-explicit0two mule loads of earthNaaman is asking to take soil from Israel and place it in sacks for two mules to carry home with him. He then plans to build an altar on the soil. Alternate translation: “as much soil from Israel as two mules can carry, so that I can build an altar to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2542KI517j1as0your servantNaaman refers to himself as Elishas servant to honor him.
2552KI517fvw4figs-doublenegatives0will offer neither burnt offering nor sacrifice to any god but YahwehThis can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “will not offer burnt offering or sacrifice to any god but Yahweh” or “will only offer burnt offerings and sacrifices to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2562KI518xb8a0when my kingThis is referring to the king of Aram, the king that Namaan works for.
2572KI518w99e0he leans on my hand“he supports himself on my arm.” This means that Naaman assists the king when he bows in the house of Rimmon because the king is either old or sick.
2582KI519t8ub0Go in peaceAlternate translation: “Go home and do not worry” or “Leave without fear”
2592KI520rr3d0He had traveledAlternate translation: “Naaman had traveled”
2602KI520e8j4translate-names0GehaziSee how you translated this mans name in [2 Kings 4:12](../04/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2612KI520agk60LookThis word is used here to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2622KI520d3ge0has spared this Naaman the ArameanAlternate translation: “has let Naaman the Aramean leave too easily”
2632KI520zf650by not receivingAlternate translation: “by not accepting”
2642KI520d1p9figs-synecdoche0from his handsHere Naaman is referred to by his hands to emphasize the act of giving. Alternate translation: “from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2652KI520bj14figs-simile0As Yahweh lives“As surely as Yahweh lives.” Here Gehazi compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty of what he has decided to do. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As Yahweh lives, I promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2662KI522my23figs-idiom0of the sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “from among the prophets there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2672KI522e1mdfigs-explicit0Please give them a talent of silver and two changes of clothesGehazi is asking Naaman to give these things to him so that he can take them and give them to the prophets. Alternate translation: “Please give me a talent of sliver and two changes of clothes to give to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2682KI522a8960SeeThis word is used here to draw someones attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2692KI522m6yltranslate-bweight0a talent of silverThis can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “33 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2702KI523eu8wtranslate-bweight0two talentsThis can be written in modern measurements. This talents are of silver. Alternate translation: “two talents of silver” or “66 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2712KI523hvj30laid them on twoAlternate translation: “gave them to”
2722KI523dk33figs-explicit0Naaman urged GehaziNaaman urged him to take gifts. Alternate translation: “Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2732KI525g7mt0Your servantGehazi refers to himself here as Elishas servant.
2742KI526vnd5figs-rquestion0Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you?Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2752KI526db2tfigs-rquestion0Is this a time to accept money … female servants?Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the time to accept money … female servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2762KI527zy6v0the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendantsThis speaks of Gehazi and his descendant getting leprosy as if Naamans leprosy was taken from him and given to Gehazi. Alternate translation: “you and your descendants will have leprosy, just as Naaman had leprosy”
2772KI527qcw4figs-idiom0So Gehazi went out from his presenceThe phrase “his presence” refers to the area where Elisha could see him. This means that he left the room where Elisha was. Alternate translation: “When Gehazi left the room, he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2782KI527j8kwfigs-simile0as white as snowLeprosy makes skin white. Here Gehazis leprous skin is compared to the color of snow. Alternate translation: “with skin that was white like snow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2792KI6introx6uv0# 2 Kings 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elishas miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Impossible actions<br><br>Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that was sent to arrest him. When the king of Aram besieged the capital of Israel, the people became so hungry they started eating their children. Elisha told the king of Israel that there would be plenty of food the next day, but the kings counselor said it was impossible.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical question<br>The kings counselor expressed his unbelief in Elishas prophecy of plenty of food: “See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
2802KI61u5chfigs-idiom0The sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “The group of prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2812KI62g72ifigs-explicit0let us go to the JordanThis refers to the area by the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “let us go beside the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2822KI63hhg80your servantsHere one of the prophet refers to the of the sons of the prophets as Elishas servants to show him honor.
2832KI64id1n0General Information:Elisha goes with the prophets to cut trees.
2842KI65bz3i0the ax head fell into the waterThe ax head refers to the blade of the ax. This means that the ax head came loose from its the handle and fell into the water. Alternate translation: “the ax head separated from the handle and fell into the water”
2852KI65aig10Oh noThe man said this to show that he was upset and frustrated. If you have a way of expressing these emotions in your language, you can use it here.
2862KI65e14afigs-activepassive0it was borrowedIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I borrowed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2872KI66b5x50So the man of God saidAlternate translation: “So Elisha, the man of God, asked”
2882KI66vgb60He then cut off a stick, threw it in the water, and made the iron floatGod uses Elisha to perform a miracle. The ax head rises to the surface of the water and it stays there so the prophet can pick it up.
2892KI66q3qa0made the iron floatAlternate translation: “caused the iron to float”
2902KI66tcc90the iron“the ax head.” The ax head was made of iron.
2912KI68q2d70Now the king of Aram was waging war against IsraelAlternate translation: “When the king of Aram was at war with Israel,”
2922KI68qf7l0NowThis word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
2932KI68iyb8figs-quotations0saying, “My camp will be in such and such a placeThe king of Aram was telling his counselors where to set up the camp. Here the phrase “such and such” is a way to refer to the information of the location of the camp without writing it out. If this phase does not translate well into your language this may be written as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “and told them where his camp would be located” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2942KI69k7a60the man of GodAlternate translation: “Elisha the man of God”
2952KI69e7xw0Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are going down thereElisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel for his soldiers to avoid that area.
2962KI610ta6i0to the place about which the man of God had spoken and warned himThis refers to the place that Elisha had warned the king about in [2 Kings 6:9](../06/09.md).
2972KI610dp7hfigs-explicit0More than once or twice, when the king went there, he was on his guardElisha would warn the king of where the Aramean army would attack so that he could alert the people before the attack happened. Alternate translation: “Elisha warned the king of Israel in this way several times and the Israelites were able to stay safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2982KI611uas1figs-rquestion0Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel?The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!” or “Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2992KI611i6k1figs-idiom0is for the king of Israel“To be for someone” means to be loyal to that person. In this case, it means that they would give information to help the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “is helping the king of Israel” or “is loyal to the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3002KI612j6i2figs-explicit0NoThe servant is saying that none of the kings soldiers are giving information to the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “It is none of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3012KI612utm20my master, kingThis refers to the king of Aram.
3022KI612kf930the words that you speak in your own bedroomAlternate translation: “what you say in the privacy of your own bedroom”
3032KI613zc42figs-metonymy0I may send men and capture himThe king plans to send the men to capture Elisha for him. The king does not plan to capture him himself. Alternate translation: “I may send men to capture him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3042KI613dwq50SeeThis word is used here to draw the kings attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
3052KI613j6jn0he is in DothanAlternate translation: “Elisha is in Dothan”
3062KI613q8tptranslate-names0DothanThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3072KI614m6bp0So the kingThis refers to the king of Aram.
3082KI615bva60the man of GodAlternate translation: “Elisha” or “Elisha the man of God”
3092KI615s75p0beholdThe word “behold” here shows that the servant was surprised by what he saw.
3102KI615ic1z0had risen early and gone outside, beholdAlternate translation: “got up early in the morning and went outside, and he saw”
3112KI615nj18figs-explicit0His servant said to himThe servant went back inside the house to tell Elisha what he had seen. Alternate translation: “The servant went back inside and said to Elisha” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3122KI616akl9figs-idiom0those who are with us are more than those who are with them“To be with someone” in battle means to fight for their side. Alternate translation: “those who are on our side in the battle are more than those who are on their side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3132KI617lck2figs-idiom0open his eyes that he may seeElisha is asking that his servant may be able to see things that other people cannot see, namely the horses and chariots of fire that are around them. Alternate translation: “make him able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3142KI617z4r50he saw. BeholdAlternate translation: “he could see. What he saw was that”
3152KI617z6di0BeholdThe word “Behold” here shows that the servant was surprised by what he saw.
3162KI617si9b0the mountain was full of horsesAlternate translation: “the mountainside was covered with horses”
3172KI617qyw8figs-metonymy0around ElishaThis refers to the city where Elisha is. Alternate translation: “around the city where Elisha was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3182KI618a6750these peopleThis refers to the Aramean soldiers.
3192KI618v3780Strike these people blind“Cause these people to be blind!” This refers to Yahweh causing them to be unable to see clearly.
3202KI619w7lpfigs-explicit0This is not the way, neither is this the cityElisha confuses the Arameans by telling them that they are not at the city they are searching for. Alternate translation: “This is not the way, neither is this the city you are looking for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3212KI620i4n40It came about thatAlternate translation: “It happened that” or “Then,”
3222KI620ns1bfigs-idiom0open the eyes of these men that they may seeElisha is asking Yahweh to cause the men to see clearly again. Alternate translation: “allow these men to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3232KI620vd3ffigs-idiom0Yahweh opened their eyes and they sawYahweh allowed the men to see clearly again. Alternate translation: “Yahweh took away their blindness” or “Yahweh allowed them to see clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3242KI620jcr40beholdThe word “behold” here shows that the Arameans were surprised by what they saw.
3252KI621y74c0when he saw themAlternate translation: “when he saw the Aramean soldiers”
3262KI621r85j0My fatherThe king is speaking to Elisha the prophet and calling him “father” to show respect.
3272KI621w4i5figs-metonymy0should I kill them? Should I kill them?Here the king of Israel is referring to his army as himself. Alternate translation: “Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3282KI622we2x0Elisha answeredElisha was replying to the king of Israels question.
3292KI622uvl9figs-rquestion0Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow?Elisha uses this rhetorical question to rebuke the king and tell him not to kill these men. The words “sword and bow” are a metonym for war in which soldiers use swords and bows and arrows. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You would not kill men whom you had captured in war, so you should not kill these men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3302KI622p6iqfigs-synecdoche0Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drinkHere “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Give them food to eat and water to drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3312KI622ga8c0go to their masterThis refers to the king of Aram.
3322KI623bl78figs-metonymy0So the king prepared much food for themThe king ordered his servants to prepare the food. He did not prepare the food himself. Alternate translation: “Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3332KI623ssk30Those bandsAlternate translation: “Those groups”
3342KI623yc6tfigs-explicit0did not return for a long time into the land of IsraelThis means that they did not attack Israel for a long time. Alternate translation: “stopped attacking the land of Israel for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3352KI624wce5translate-names0Ben HadadThe name of the king of Aram. His name means “son of Hadad.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3362KI624qq7jfigs-synecdoche0attacked SamariaThe king and his army attacked Samaria. Alternate translation: “they attacked Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3372KI625qv4k0BeholdThe word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
3382KI625fhe7figs-activepassive0a donkeys head was sold forIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a donkeys head cost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3392KI625w1hdtranslate-numbers0eighty pieces of silver“80 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3402KI625zt5ytranslate-bvolume0the fourth part of a kabThis can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “a fourth part of a liter” or “a quarter of a liter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
3412KI625qsq1translate-fraction0the fourth partThis is one part out of four equal parts. Alternate translation: “one fourth” or “a quarter” or “1/4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
3422KI625rs62figs-ellipsis0doves dung forThe words “was sold for” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “doves dung was sold for” or “doves dung cost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3432KI626s9jn0was passing by on the wallAlternate translation: “walking on top of the city wall”
3442KI626ver80my masterThe woman referred to the king by this name to show him respect.
3452KI627hhf30He saidAlternate translation: “The king of Israel answered the woman,”
3462KI627i7qsfigs-rquestion0If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you?The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3472KI627x15qfigs-rquestion0Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress?The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress.” or “There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3482KI628ud9v0The king continued“The king said.” This means that they continued talking.
3492KI629x1zj0we boiledAlternate translation: “we cooked”
3502KI630b5qafigs-metonymy0heard the words of the womanThe words “the words” are a metonym for what the woman said. Alternate translation: “heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3512KI630run8translate-symaction0he tore his clothesThe king ripped his outer garment to show his distress. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes in grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3522KI630ht3d0now he was passing by on the wallHe had been walking on the city wall when the woman called out to him in [2 Kings 6:24](../06/24.md). Now he continued walking along it.
3532KI630ss3ctranslate-symaction0he had sackcloth underneath, against his skinBy wearing sackcloth even for his undergarments, the king showed that he was very sad and upset. Alternate translation: “he had sackcloth underneath his outer garment, against his skin” or “he was wearing sackcloth underneath his robe because he was very upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3542KI631uj2pfigs-euphemism0May God do so to me, and more alsoThe king is saying he hopes God will punish him and even kill him if Elisha the prophet does not die because of the things that have happened in the city of Samaria. Alternate translation: “May God punish me and kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3552KI631se8bfigs-explicit0if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on him todayThis refers to Elisha dying, specifically be being beheaded. Alternate translation: “if Elisha son of Shaphat is not beheaded today” or “if my soldiers do not behead Elisha son of Shaphat today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3562KI632l5izfigs-idiom0The king sent a man from before him“To be before the king” means to be one of his servants. Alternate translation: “The king of Israel sent one of his servants as a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3572KI632q454figs-explicit0when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the eldersHere Elisha is speaking to the elders right before the kings messenger arrived. Alternate translation: “when the messenger had almost arrived, Elisha said to the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3582KI632n9c4figs-rquestion0See how this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head?Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3592KI632vw57figs-idiom0son of a murdererThis means that the king of Israel has the characteristics of a murderer. Alternate translation: “this man who is like a murderer” or “that murderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3602KI632evx7figs-ellipsis0has sent toIt is understood that he sent a person. Alternate translation: “has sent someone to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3612KI632xt8tfigs-euphemism0to take away my headThis means to behead him. Alternate translation: “to cut off my head” or “to behead me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3622KI632nrb20Look, whenElisha uses this word here to draw the elders attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen to what I want you to do: when”
3632KI632sy1afigs-idiom0hold the door shut against himIf a door is shut against someone it means that it is closed and that they may not enter through it. Alternate translation: “hold the door shut so that he cannot come in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3642KI632m2uvfigs-rquestion0Is not the sound of his masters feet behind him?Elisha uses this question to assure the elders that the king is coming not far behind him. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The sound of his masters feet is right behind him.” or “The king will be coming along soon after he arrives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3652KI633uca50behold, the messengerThe word “behold” alerts us to the arrival of the messenger.
3662KI633qg92figs-explicit0the messenger came down to himThe messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. The phrase “came down to him” means that they arrived at the place where he was. Alternate translation: “the messenger and the king arrived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3672KI633q6nq0BeholdAlternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
3682KI633hk720this trouble“Indeed, this trouble.” The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. The phrase “this trouble” refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused.
3692KI633txv7figs-explicit0Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer?This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?” or “I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3702KI7introtr2p0# 2 Kings 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elishas miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fear<br>God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind.
3712KI71tu65figs-explicit0a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekelIt is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3722KI71cq3ptranslate-bvolume0a measure of fine flour … two measures of barleyHere the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “7 liters of fine flour…14 liters of barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
3732KI71y4hptranslate-bmoney0a shekelA shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
3742KI72su6xfigs-metaphor0the captain on whose hand the king leanedA high ranking captain who was the kings personal assistant is spoken of as if he was a person on whom the king leaned his hand. Alternate translation: “the captain who was close to the king” or “the captain who was the kings personal assistant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3752KI72s4x6figs-metaphor0even if Yahweh should make windows in heavenYahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3762KI72wdq1figs-rquestion0can this thing happen?The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3772KI72wqh6figs-synecdoche0you will watch it happen with your own eyesThe phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3782KI72d4g80but you will not eat any of itAlternate translation: “but you will not eat any of the flour or barely”
3792KI73fjf70NowThis word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer starts to tell a new part of the story.
3802KI73bwd4figs-rquestion0Why should we sit here until we die?Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly we should not sit here until we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3812KI74phg10If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only dieThe four men with leprosy are saying that the Arameans might feed them so that they can live, or they might kill them, which would be no worse since they would die anyway.
3822KI75s9aa0at twilightThis refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark.
3832KI75wz760the outermost partAlternate translation: “the edge”
3842KI76mi4l0the Aramean army hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses—the noise of another large armyThe soldiers of the Aramean army heard noises that sounded like a large army approaching to battle them. This was not an actual army, but the Lord had made them hear these sounds.
3852KI76ue8p0they said to each otherAlternate translation: “the Aramean soldiers said to each other”
3862KI76msm4figs-synecdoche0the kings of the Hittites and EgyptiansHere the word “kings” represents the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3872KI76z55a0to come against usAlternate translation: “to fight us” or “to attack us”
3882KI77q69m0General Information:This is what happened after the Lord caused the Aramean soldiers to think they heard a large enemy army approaching their camp.
3892KI77nsr20in the twilightThis refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark.
3902KI78pq490plunderThis refers to items that a conquering army takes from another army that they have defeated. Here it refers to “silver and gold and clothes.”
3912KI79rl1z0until daybreakAlternate translation: “until morning”
3922KI79bw6kfigs-metaphor0punishment will overtake usSomeone punishing the four men is spoken of as if punishment were a person who captures them. Alternate translation: “the people will punish us” or “someone will punish us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3932KI79mg3rfigs-metonymy0tell the kings householdHere the word “household” represents the people who live in the kings palace. Alternate translation: “tell the king and his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3942KI710n961figs-explicit0as they wereThe implicit information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “as they were when the soldiers were still there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3952KI711c178figs-activepassive0then it was told inside the kings householdIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then people told it inside the kings household” or “then people told it to the king and those in his palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3962KI712i2pp0have done to usAlternate translation: “are planning to do to us” or “have done to deceive us”
3972KI712w1yt0take them aliveThis means that they would capture the people and not kill them.
3982KI713sp83figs-explicit0the horses that remain, which are left in the cityMany of the horses belonging to the Israelites had died because of the famine. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the horses in the city that are still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3992KI713gv7rfigs-explicit0seeThe implicit information about what he wanted to see may be expressed clearly. Alternate translation: “see if what these lepers have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4002KI714ns26figs-explicit0Go and seeThe implicit information about what the king wanted them to see may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Go and see if what these lepers have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4012KI715zcq20They went after them to the JordanAlternate translation: “They followed the path the Aramean army took all the way to the Jordan River”
4022KI715l1aafigs-hyperbole0all the road was full of clothes and equipmentThis is an exaggeration that means the men saw these items scattered along the road as they traveled. Alternate translation: “there were clothes and equipment all along the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4032KI716e95z0plundered the campThis refers to taking items from a defeated army.
4042KI716pu67figs-activepassive0So a measure of fine flour was sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekelIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “So people sold a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4052KI716eh13translate-bvolume0a measure of fine flour … two measures of barleyHere the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “7 liters of fine flour…14 liters of barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
4062KI716pys5translate-bmoney0a shekelA shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
4072KI716tv5dfigs-metonymy0just as the word of Yahweh had saidHere “word” represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: “just as Yahweh had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4082KI717hws6figs-metaphor0the captain on whose hand he had leanedA high ranking captain who was the kings personal assistant is spoken of as if he were a person on whom the king leaned his hand. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “the captain who was close to the king” or “the captain who was the kings personal assistant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4092KI717r27e0trampled him downThe crowd of people were in such a rush to get to the food in the camp that they knocked over the man and trampled him to death.
4102KI718a3ewwriting-endofstory0General Information:In this verse, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
4112KI718ky490About this timeAlternate translation: “About this time tomorrow”
4122KI718y32gtranslate-bvolume0two measures of barley … a measure of fine flourHere the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “14 liters of barley…7 liters of fine flour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
4132KI718kz43translate-bmoney0a shekelA shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
4142KI719n3lywriting-endofstory0General Information:In this verse, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
4152KI719g1xx0SeeAlternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
4162KI719gkc2figs-metaphor0even if Yahweh should make windows in heavenYahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4172KI719k7ajfigs-rquestion0can this thing happen?The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4182KI719z799figs-synecdoche0you will watch it happen with your own eyesThe phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4192KI719e8ni0but you will not eat any of itAlternate translation: “but you will not eat any of the flour or barley”
4202KI8introbje70# 2 Kings 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elishas miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Kings<br>Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
4212KI81j1320NowThis word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
4222KI81uw760the woman whose son he had restored to lifeThe story of this woman and her son is found at [2 Kings 4:8](../04/08.md).
4232KI81d8nn0he had restored to lifeAlternate translation: “he had caused to become alive again”
4242KI81imp70Arise, and goTo arise here is for a person to stop what he is doing and begin to do what he needs to do. Alternate translation: “Do as I say, and go”
4252KI82j2gk0the woman arose and she obeyed the word of the man of GodTo arise here is for a person to stop what he is doing and begin to do what he needs to do. She may have been standing when she heard Elisha speak and decided to go.
4262KI82q2bu0the man of GodAlternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God”
4272KI83u7ww0to the kingThis refers to the king of Israel.
4282KI83z25qfigs-explicit0for her house and for her landWhile the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “for her home and her property to be returned to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4292KI84a78nwriting-background0NowThis word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells us background information about what the king was doing when the woman arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
4302KI85dt7a0had restored to life the child who was deadAlternate translation: “had caused the child who was dead to become alive again”
4312KI85yfr8figs-explicit0for her house and landWhile the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “for her home and her property to be returned to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4322KI86zv9xfigs-explicit0about her sonThis refers to the story of her son dying and Elisha bringing him back to life. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “about what had happened to her son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4332KI86lmk8figs-metonymy0all the harvests of her fieldsThis metonym refers to the amount of money that the harvests of her fields were worth while she was away. Alternate translation: “all the profit from the harvests of her fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4342KI87e6xatranslate-names0Ben HadadThis is the name of the king of Aram. His name means “son of Hadad.” See how you translated this mans name in [2 Kings 6:24](../06/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4352KI88ds2ttranslate-names0HazaelThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4362KI88q5rufigs-synecdoche0Take a giftHazael was to take many gifts, not just one. Alternate translation: “take many gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4372KI88gw6tfigs-idiom0in your handThe phrase “in your hand” is an idiom meaning for him to take the gifts with him. Alternate translation: “with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4382KI88weg20the man of GodAlternate translation: “Elisha, the man of God”
4392KI88ks640consult with Yahweh through him, sayingAlternate translation: “ask Elisha to ask Yahweh”
4402KI89bpb70carried by forty camelsIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which forty camels carried”
4412KI89n2g2translate-numbers0forty camels“40 camels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4422KI89sg7rfigs-metaphor0Your son Ben Hadad king of AramBen Hadad was not actually Elishas son, but Hazael called him that to show a close relationship between them. Alternate translation: “Ben Hadad, the king of Aram, who is like a son to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4432KI811y1jt0until he was ashamedAlternate translation: “until Hazael felt uncomfortable”
4442KI812c1pw0my masterHazael refers to Elisha this way to honor him.
4452KI812k88j0Because I knowGod has shown Elisha what will take place in the future.
4462KI812cp79figs-synecdoche0you will doThe word “you” represents Hazael and refers to himself and the soldiers under his control when he is king. Alternate translation: “you will cause to happen” or “you will order your soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4472KI812rs1hfigs-metonymy0You will set … you will killThe word “you” represents Hazel but here refers to his soldiers and not to Hazael personally. Alternate translation: “You soldiers will set … your soldiers will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4482KI812mwe90dash in pieces their little ones“crush their little children.” This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children.
4492KI812c5cffigs-metonymy0kill their young men with the swordThis means that the men will be killed in battle. The sword was the main weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “kill their young men in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4502KI812m5j3figs-explicit0rip open their pregnant womenSpecifically this refers to tear open their stomachs. Alternate translation: “rip open the stomachs of their pregnant women with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4512KI813t6fkfigs-rquestion0Who is your servant, that he should do this great thing?Hazel refers to himself here as Elishas servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I could never do such great things!” or “Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4522KI813jrg40this great thing“this terrible thing.” Here the word “great” refers to something that has a large effect and is terrible.
4532KI813pk37figs-metaphor0He is only a dogHazael is talking about himself. He speaks of his low status and lack of influence by comparing himself to a dog. Here a dog represents a lowly animal. Alternate translation: “I am as powerless as a dog” or “I am as powerless as a lowly animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4542KI814u24x0came to his masterThe phrase “his master” refers to Ben Hadad.
4552KI815k77kfigs-explicit0face so that he diedThis means that Ben Hadad suffocated under the wet blanket. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “face. Ben Hadad was unable to breathe through it, and so he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4562KI816x6vk0General Information:Jehoram becomes king of Judah.
4572KI816twh9figs-explicit0In the fifth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of IsraelThis describes the time that Jehoram began to reign over Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had been reigning. Alternate translation: “In the fifth year that Jorman son of Ahab was king of Israel” or “In year five of the reign of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4582KI816th81translate-ordinal0fifth year“year 5” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
4592KI816kr570Jehoram began to reignJehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, became the king of Judah.
4602KI817yy79translate-numbers0thirty-two years old“32 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4612KI818n85xfigs-idiom0Jehoram walked in the ways of the kings of IsraelHere “walking” is an idiom that refers to how he lived and reigned as king. At this time in history, the recent kings of Israel had been evil kings. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Jehoram was an evil king, just as other kings of Israel who ruled before him had been” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4622KI818dj52figs-metonymy0as the house of Ahab was doingHere the “house” of Ahab refers to the members of Ahabs family and his recent descendants. Ahab is Jehoram father-in-law. Alternate translation: “the same as the rest of the family of Ahab was doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4632KI818s1wc0for he had Ahabs daughter as his wifeJehoram had married king Ahabs daughter.
4642KI818p4ymfigs-metaphor0what was evil in Yahwehs sightThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4652KI819j8s5figs-metonymy0destroy JudahHere “Judah” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “destroy the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4662KI819yb5afigs-explicit0since he had told him that he would always give him descendants“since Yahweh had told David that he would always give David descendants.” This refers to Yahwehs promise to David that his descendants would always rule Judah. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “since he had told David that his descendants would always rule Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4672KI820g8i20Edom revolted from underAlternate translation: “Edom rebelled against”
4682KI820lj7qfigs-metonymy0the hand of JudahHere the word “hand” refers to the control of Judah, and “Judah” refers specifically to the king of Judah. Alternate translation: “the control of the king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4692KI820m55m0they set a king over themselvesAlternate translation: “they appointed a king to rule over themselves”
4702KI821gqd7figs-explicit0Then Jehoram crossed overWhat was “crossed over” can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4712KI822bue70General Information:King Jehoram of Judah dies and his son Ahaziah becomes king.
4722KI822tvz80So Edom has been in rebellion against the rule of Judah to this present dayAlternate translation: “So after that, Edom was no longer controlled by Judah, and it is still like that”
4732KI822za77figs-metonymy0the rule of JudahHere “Judah” refers to the king of Judah. Alternate translation: “the rule of the king of Judah” or “the authority of the king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4742KI822gu5q0to this present dayto the time that this book was written
4752KI822c7wsfigs-explicit0Libnah also revolted at the same timeLibnah rebelled against the king of Judah just as Edom had. Alternate translation: “During that same time, Libnah also rebelled against the king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4762KI822ezk7translate-names0LibnahThis is another city that was originally part of Judah. Here “Libnah” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Libnah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4772KI823nxu40As for the other matters concerning Jehoram, all that he didAlternate translation: “To read more about the history of Jehoram and what he did,”
4782KI823ys1vfigs-rquestion0are they not written … Judah?This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jehoram is in this other book. Alternate translation: “these things are written … Judah.” or “someone has written about them … Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4792KI824a4g1figs-euphemism0Jehoram rested with his fathers and was buried with themHere “rested” is a polite way of referring to someone dying. After he died, his body was buried in the same place as the bodies of his forefathers. The phrase “was buried” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jehoram died as his ancestors had died, and they buried him with his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4802KI824a8hw0Then Ahaziah his son became king in his placeAlternate translation: “Then Ahaziah, Jehorams son, became king after he died”
4812KI825xk560General Information:Ahaziah becomes king of Judah.
4822KI825f3kdfigs-explicit0In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of IsraelThis describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign as king of Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had reigned. Alternate translation: “in the twelfth year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4832KI825x65ctranslate-ordinal0twelfth year“12th year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
4842KI826jxz8translate-numbers0twenty-two years“22 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4852KI826ja9utranslate-names0Athaliah … OmriAthaliah is the name of a woman. Omri is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4862KI827tvy6figs-idiom0Ahaziah walked in the ways ofHere “walking” refers his behavior or the way in which he lived. Alternate translation: “Ahaziah lived the same way as the others in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4872KI827a5adfigs-metonymy0the house of AhabHere the “house” of Ahab refers to his family. Alternate translation: “the family of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4882KI827r7k2figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4892KI827h1s1figs-explicit0a son-in-law to the house of AhabThis explains Ahaziahs family relationship to Ahab. Ahaziahs father was married to Ahabs daughter. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the son of Ahabs son-in-law” or “a grandson of King Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4902KI828hi68figs-synecdoche0Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab, to fight against Hazael, king of AramThe names of the three kings listed here are synecdoches and refer also to their armies that accompany them. Alternate translation: “Ahaziahs army joined the army of King Joram of Israel to fight against the army of King Hazael of Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4912KI829e1qqfigs-activepassive0to be healedIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to heal” or “to recover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4922KI829wi44figs-synecdoche0against Hazael king of AramHere “Hazael” refers to himself and his army. Alternate translation: “the army of Hazael king of Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4932KI829c1uifigs-activepassive0Joram had been woundedIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Arameans had wounded Joram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4942KI9introeu4t0# 2 Kings 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The life of Elisha continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King Jehu<br>Elisha told a young prophet to go and tell Jehu that God had made him the new king. Jehu killed the kings of both Israel and Judah and Jezebel, the mother of the king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
4952KI91yn86figs-idiom0the sons of the prophetsThis does not mean that they were the sons of prophets, but rather, that they were a group of prophets. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Kings 2:3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “the group of the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4962KI91xc5sfigs-synecdoche0in your handThe phrase “in your hand” refers to him taking the bottle with him. Alternate translation: “with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4972KI91u975translate-names0Ramoth GileadTranslate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:28](../08/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4982KI92bsu9translate-names0Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of NimshiThis means that Jehoshaphat is Jehus father and that Nimshi is Jehoshapats father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4992KI92suq10companionsThese are the people with whom Jehu was sitting.
5002KI92y74x0conduct him toAlternate translation: “go along with him to” or “take him along to”
5012KI92ycw40an inner chamberAlternate translation: “a private room”
5022KI95s5qa0beholdThe writer uses the word “behold” to direct attention to what follows. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you can use it here.
5032KI95nk22figs-explicit0the captains of the army were sittingJehu was sitting among the captains. You may introduce Jehu to the story line here if this is necessary in your language. Alternate translation: “Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5042KI95y24h0To which of usThe word “us” refers to Jehu and the other army captains.
5052KI97e949figs-metonymy0I may avenge the blood of my servants the prophets, and the blood of all the servants of YahwehHere the “blood” of the prophets and the servants refers to their deaths. Alternate translation: “I may avenge the deaths of my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh” or “so that I may punish them for murdering my servants the prophets and all the servants of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5062KI97v3iwfigs-ellipsis0the bloodThe understood verb may be supplied. Alternate translation: “avenge the blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5072KI97t494figs-activepassive0who were murdered by the hand of JezebelIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Jezebel commanded her servants to murder” or “whose deaths were commanded by Jezebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5082KI97f5vjfigs-metonymy0by the hand of JezebelThis means that Jezebel commanded the people to be killed. Alternate translation: “by an order from Jezebel” or “by Jezebels command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5092KI98xlv4figs-euphemism0For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cut off from Ahab every male childHere to be “cut off” means to be killed. Alternate translation: “For the whole family of Ahab will perish, and I will cause every male child in his family to be killed” or “Every member of Ahabs family will die, including every male child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
5102KI98nm7ufigs-synecdoche0every male childThis phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies “child” to emphasize that it includes children. Alternate translation: “every male” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5112KI99ev98figs-explicit0I will make the house of Ahab likeThis means that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. Alternate translation: “I will get rid of the house of Ahab like I got rid of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5122KI99t27afigs-metonymy0the house ofThis phrase is used in this verse three times. Each time, the word “house” refers to the “family” of the man specified. Alternate translation: “the family of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5132KI99xb8qtranslate-transliterate0Nebat … AhijahThese are the names of men. Translate the name “Nebat” the same as you did in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
5142KI910lvi6figs-explicit0The dogs will eat JezebelThis means that the dogs will eat her dead body. Alternate translation: “Dogs will eat the dead body of Jezebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5152KI911b3690the servants of his masterThis refers to the other officers who were serving King Ahab.
5162KI911p1vq0mad fellowAlternate translation: “crazy man”
5172KI911g6by0You know the man and the kinds of things he saysJehu says that he is a young prophet and they all are familiar with the kinds of things young prophets generally say. Alternate translation: “You know what kinds of things young prophets like him say”
5182KI912vtu90Tell usAlternate translation: “Tell us what he said”
5192KI912hqz30He said this and that to meAlternate translation: “He talked about some things”
5202KI913zdb5figs-explicit0took off his outer garment and put it under JehuIn this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. Alternate translation: “took off their outer clothes and put them in front of Jehu for him to walk on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5212KI913ex32figs-synecdoche0They blew the trumpet and saidNot every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. Alternate translation: “One of them blew the trumpet and they all said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5222KI914hv9ptranslate-names0NimshiTranslate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 9:2](../09/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5232KI914s5nwwriting-background0Now JoramThis word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about how Joram was wounded and went to recover in Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5242KI914pd6wfigs-synecdoche0all IsraelThese refers only to the Israelite army and not to everyone who lives in Israel. Alternate translation: “he and his army” or “he and the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5252KI914w256translate-names0HazaelTranslate the name of this man the same as you did in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5262KI915lga8figs-activepassive0to be healed ofIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to recover from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5272KI915py61figs-explicit0the wounds that the Arameans had given himThis means that he was wounded in battle with the Arameans. Alternate translation: “wounds that Joram got during the battle with the Aramean army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5282KI915v2kzfigs-synecdoche0against Hazael king of AramThis refers to Hazael and his army. Alternate translation: “against Hazael king of Aram and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5292KI915u6gv0Jehu said to the servants of JoramThis refers to the officers who were with Joram at Ramoth Gilead.
5302KI915tk4ffigs-explicit0If this is your opinion“If you are in agreement with me” Jehu uses this phrase to refer to if people are supportive of him being king and of his decisions. Alternate translation: “If you truly want me to be your king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5312KI915a8i6figs-explicit0in order to go tell this news in JezreelThis refers to telling Joram and his army of Jehus plans. Alternate translation: “to warn king Joram and his army in Jezreel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5322KI916w7v3writing-background0Now AhaziahThe word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Ahaziah visiting Joram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5332KI917d5k30watchmanguard
5342KI917fqp20the company of Jehu as he came at a distanceAlternate translation: “Jehu and his men as they were still far away”
5352KI918v71nfigs-rquestion0What have you to do with peace?Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. Alternate translation: “It is not your concern if I have come in peace!” or “It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5362KI918a5780The messenger has met them, but he is not coming backThe watchman told King Joram that the man he sent out is not coming back with a reply to the kings question.
5372KI919pk6m0Then he sent out a second man on horseback, who came to themAlternate translation: “Then king Joram sent a second messenger riding a horse, who went out to meet Jehu and his army”
5382KI919c4nctranslate-ordinal0a second manJoram had already sent one man. This was the next. Alternate translation: “another man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5392KI919rg7ffigs-rquestion0What have you to do with peace?Jehu uses this rhetorical question to tell the messenger that it is none of his concern if he comes in peace or not. See how you translated this question in [2 Kings 9:18](../09/18.md). Alternate translation: “It is not your concern if I have come in peace!” or “It is not for you to know if I have come in peace!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5402KI920dp92figs-activepassive0For the way that the chariot is being driven is the way that Jehu son of Nimshi drivesThis may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because the driver of the chariot drives the same way that Jehu son of Nimshi drives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5412KI921if9v0each in his chariotAlternate translation: “each in his own chariot”
5422KI921tg650They found him atAlternate translation: “When they reached Jehu, he was at”
5432KI921q3cntranslate-names0NabothThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5442KI921byn3translate-names0JezreeliteThis refers to a person from Jezreel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5452KI922uds6figs-rquestion0What peace is there, when the idolatrous acts of prostitution and witchcraft of your mother Jezebel are so many?Jehu uses this rhetorical question to state why he is not coming in peace. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There can be no peace as long as your mother Jezebel practices and promotes so much idolatry in the form of prostitution and witchcraft.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5462KI923nse30turned his chariot and fledAlternate translation: “turned his chariot around to try to flee”
5472KI923nc8t0treacherytrickery or deception
5482KI924zn2r0with his full strengthAlternate translation: “with all of his strength” or “with all of his power”
5492KI924cdj4figs-explicit0he sank down in his chariotJoram died from being shot with arrow. Alternate translation: “Joram fell down dead in his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5502KI925w6pdtranslate-names0BidkarThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5512KI925ei1x0Pick him up and throw himAlternate translation: “Pick up his dead body and throw it” or “Take his corpse and throw it”
5522KI925mp870Think about howAlternate translation: “Remember”
5532KI925t4d7figs-explicit0after Ahab his fatherThis means that they rode in the chariot behind Ahabs chariot. Alternate translation: “behind his father Ahabs chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5542KI925x3uz0Yahweh placed this prophecy against himAlternate translation: “Yahweh spoke this prophecy against Ahab”
5552KI926a9njfigs-explicit0I will surely make you pay for itThis means that he will punish Ahab as he deserves for the evil he has done. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you deserve for the evil you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5562KI926p73v0pick him up and throw him on this fieldAlternate translation: “take Jorams dead body and throw it into the field of Naboth”
5572KI926y67y0according to the word of YahwehAlternate translation: “to fulfill the prophecy spoken to us”
5582KI927gu340General Information:This is the account of what happened to Ahaziah, the king of Judah, after Jehu killed Joram.
5592KI927z52z0saw thisAlternate translation: “saw what happened to Joram”
5602KI927yl6ptranslate-names0Beth Haggan … Gur … Ibleam … MegiddoThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5612KI927z7k2figs-activepassive0at the ascent of GurThe word “ascent” means that they were going up hill while travelling on the road to Gur. Alternate translation: “on the road leading up to Gur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5622KI928bl6s0his fathersAlternate translation: “his ancestors”
5632KI929dnx1figs-explicit0in the eleventh year of Joram son of AhabThis describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign by stating how long the current king of Israel had reigned. Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5642KI929j1hetranslate-ordinal0eleventh year“11th year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5652KI930fnb30painted her eyes, arranged her hairAlternate translation: “put on makeup, made her hair look nice”
5662KI931fcb2figs-rquestion0Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your masters murderer?Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your masters murderer!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5672KI931p3chfigs-metaphor0you Zimri, your masters murdererHere Jezebel calls Jehu “Zimri” to say that he is a murderer. Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. Alternate translation: “you murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5682KI931z2vetranslate-names0ZimriThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5692KI932pup7figs-idiom0Who is on my sideTo “be on someones side” means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. Alternate translation: “Who is loyal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5702KI933v8nz0Throw her downJehu was telling the eunuchs to throw Jezebel out of the window.
5712KI933fj4yfigs-euphemism0So they threw Jezebel downThe eunuchs threw Jezebel out of the high window and she died when she hit the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
5722KI933ip8kfigs-explicit0Jehu trampled her underfootThis means that he drove his horses over her body. Alternate translation: “Jehus horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5732KI934p8vffigs-idiom0See now toThe phrase “see now to” means to give your attention to whatever is specified. Alternate translation: “Now go to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5742KI934dj2xfigs-explicit0for she is a kings daughterSince Jezebel was the daughter of a king, it was necessary to bury her properly. Alternate translation: “because she is a kings daughter and therefore should be buried properly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5752KI935v3xk0they found no more of her thanThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “all they found that was left of her body were”
5762KI935l1m80the palms of her handsThe palm is the inner part of the hand.
5772KI936pqz3translate-names0the TishbiteThis refers to someone from the city of Tishbe. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5782KI937kim4figs-simile0the body of Jezebel will be like dung on the surface of the fields … so that no one will be able to sayThis speaks of the pieces of Jezebels body being scattered in the field as if they were dung spread in the field. Since the pieces of her body were so small and spread out there was nothing that could be collected and buried. Alternate translation: “the pieces of Jezebels body will be scattered like dung in the fields … so that no one will be able to recognize them and say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
5792KI937xj6d0dungmanure, specifically dung used as a fertilizer
5802KI937ayb50so that no one will be able to say, “This is Jezebel.”Alternate translation: “so that no one will be able to recognize her body.” or “so no one will be able to tell this was Jezebel.”
5812KI10introabca0# 2 Kings 10 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Gods prophecy against the family of Ahab was fulfilled. Jehu killed all of Ahabs descendants and all the worshipers of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
5822KI101w4rftranslate-numbers0seventy descendants“70 descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
5832KI101bud2figs-metonymy0Jehu wrote letters and sent them to SamariaThis means that Jehu sent a messenger to deliver the letters. Alternate translation: “Jehu wrote letters and sent a messenger to deliver them in Samaria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5842KI103fdt6figs-metonymy0set him on his fathers throneHere, sitting on the kings throne means to be appointed as king. Alternate translation: “make him king in his fathers place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5852KI103x59qfigs-synecdoche0for your masters royal line“your masters descendants.” Here the man that they selected to be king is referred to as Ahabs royal line of descendants. Alternate translation: “to defend your masters descendant” or “to defend him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5862KI104m1vq0But they were terrifiedAlternate translation: “Then they were very afraid”
5872KI104h24j0the two kingsAlternate translation: “two kings, Joram and Ahaziah”
5882KI104lh370could not stand before JehuHere “stand” means to be able to endure under trouble. Alternate translation: “could not endure against Jehu” or “could not resist Jehu”
5892KI104ymj8figs-rquestion0So how can we stand?The descendants use the rhetorical question to imply that they cannot stand against Jehu. Alternate translation: “We cannot stand against him either!” or “We cannot resist him either!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5902KI105imx50the man who was over the cityHere to be “over” something means to have authority and responsibility over it. Alternate translation: “the man who was in charge of the city”
5912KI105r52cfigs-explicit0they who raised the childrenThis refers to the people who raised the kings children. Alternate translation: “they who raised the kings children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5922KI105h9q4figs-metaphor0Do what is good in your eyesHere Jehus “eyes” refer to his “sight.” His “sight” refers to what he thinks. Alternate translation: “Do what you judge to be right” or “Do whatever you think is the best” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5932KI106sb9ltranslate-ordinal0wrote a letter the second time to themJoram had written one letter. This was the next. Alternate translation: “again wrote a letter to them” or “wrote another letter to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
5942KI106c3rgfigs-idiom0on my sideTo “be on someones side” means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. Alternate translation: “loyal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5952KI106g3if0listento hear and obey
5962KI106hjr8figs-metonymy0to my voiceHere Jehus “voice” refer to what he says. Alternate translation: “to what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5972KI106hij4figs-explicit0you must take the heads … and come to meIt is implied that they are to bring the heads of the Ahabs descendant and present them to Jehu. Alternate translation: “you must take the heads … and bring them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5982KI106v7idfigs-euphemism0you must take the heads of the men of your masters descendantsThis refers to killing them and removing their heads. Alternate translation: “kill your masters descendants and cut off their heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
5992KI106qps2translate-numbers0seventy in number“70 in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6002KI106xl7yfigs-idiom0who were bringing them upThis means that they were supervising them and teaching them. Alternate translation: “who were raising them” or “who were supervising them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6012KI107by3vtranslate-numbers0seventy persons“70 persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6022KI107dj3kfigs-metonymy0sent them to JehuThis means that they sent people to deliver the baskets to Jehu. Alternate translation: “sent people to take them to Jehu” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6032KI108jl7j0of the kings sonsAlternate translation: “of Ahabs descendants”
6042KI109r1rc0Jehu went out and stoodAlternate translation: “Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people”
6052KI109k9ncfigs-explicit0You are innocentIt can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Jorams family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6062KI109dic50SeeJehu uses this word here to draw the peoples attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Hear my words”
6072KI109apq9figs-rquestion0but who killed all these?Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahabs 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahwehs will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6082KI1010tky40certainly realizeAlternate translation: “understand” or “be aware of the fact that”
6092KI1010qm1afigs-metaphor0no part of Yahwehs word … will fall to the groundThis speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “No part of Yahwehs word … will fail” or “every part of Yahwehs word … will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6102KI1010dxa2figs-metaphor0Yahweh has doneThis speaks of Yahweh causing Ahabs descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6112KI1011q6ubfigs-metonymy0So Jehu killed all … and his priestsJehu did not kill all of these people personally, rather he commanded for them to be killed. Alternate translation: “So Jehu commanded for all … to be killed” or “So Jehu commanded for all … to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6122KI1011yv9x0all who remainedAlternate translation: “all who were alive” or “all who were left”
6132KI1011m7rbfigs-euphemism0until none of them remainedThis means that they had all been killed. Alternate translation: “until all of them had been killed” or “until all of them were dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
6142KI1012s861translate-names0Beth Eked of the shepherdThis was the name of a place where sheep were sheared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6152KI1013h9iy0going down to greetAlternate translation: “going to visit”
6162KI1013w59s0the children of the kingAlternate translation: “the children of King Joram”
6172KI1014rz36figs-idiom0Take them aliveThis means to capture them, but not to kill them. Alternate translation: “Seize them” or “Capture them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6182KI1014v6f80So they took them aliveAlternate translation: “So they captured them”
6192KI1014q8s9translate-numbers0forty-two men“42 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6202KI1014b7wx0He did not leave any of them aliveThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He killed all of them”
6212KI1015hcx6translate-names0Jehonadab son of RecabThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6222KI1015fmq7figs-metonymy0Is your heart with me, as my heart is with yours?…“It is.”Here a persons “heart” refers to their loyality. If a persons loyalty is “with someone,” it means that they are loyal to that person. Alternate translation: “Will you be loyal to me, as I will be loyal to you?…I will.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6232KI1015xmz8translate-symaction0If it is, give me your hand“If so, put your hand in mine” or “If so, let us shake hands” In many cultures, when two people shake hands, it confirms their agreement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
6242KI1016rl1mfigs-abstractnouns0see my zealThe word “zeal” may be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “see how zealous I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6252KI1017kbl60royal lineAlternate translation: “entire royal family”
6262KI1017st48figs-activepassive0just as was told them before by the word of Yahweh, which he had spoken to ElijahIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to fulfill the prophecy that Elijah had spoken, which Yahweh gave to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6272KI1018da4q0gathered all the people togetherAlternate translation: “called all the people and had them come to where he was”
6282KI1018gl450all the people togetherAlternate translation: “all the people of Samaria”
6292KI1018yq9j0serve him muchAlternate translation: “serve him much more than Ahab”
6302KI1019qw510Let no one be left outAlternate translation: “Do not leave anyone out”
6312KI1019r6m8figs-explicit0Whoever does not come will not liveThis means that if they do not come they will be executed. Alternate translation: “We will execute anyone who does not come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6322KI1020h3iafigs-idiom0Set a timeThis means to designate and prepare a period of time for something. In this case they were to prepare for an assembly for Baal. Alternate translation: “Prepare” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6332KI1021g86vfigs-explicit0Then Jehu sentThis means that he sent messengers to take this message throughout the land. Alternate translation: “Then Jehu sent messengers” or “Then Jehu sent the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6342KI1021sj5tfigs-doublenegatives0so that there was not a man left who did not comeThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that every worshiper of Baal was there” or “so that every man came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
6352KI1021uy4mfigs-activepassive0it was filledIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they filled it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6362KI1022d5j3figs-idiom0who kept the priests wardrobeHere “to keep” something means to care for it and oversee it. Alternate translation: “who was in charge of the priests wardrobe” or “who cared for the priests wardrobe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6372KI1023hbh10he said to the worshipers of BaalAlternate translation: “Jehu said to the people who were in the temple to worship Baal”
6382KI1023p3nc0but the worshipers of Baal aloneAlternate translation: “but that only worshipers of Baal are here”
6392KI1024qp6cfigs-metonymy0If any of the men whom I bring into your hands escapesHere the “hands” of the men refer to their “control.” By being stationed around the temple they were in control of the situation and it was up to them whether people were able to escape or not. Alternate translation: “If any of these men that I brought into your control escapes” or “If any of the men that are inside gets away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6402KI1024vh3i0whoever lets that man escape, his life will be taken for the life of the one who escapedAlternate translation: “we will kill the man who let him escape”
6412KI1024tel9figs-activepassive0his life will be takenIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This is a polite way to refer to a person being killed. Alternate translation: “we will take his life” or “we will kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6422KI1024e792figs-metonymy0for the life of the one“in exchange for the life of the man.” Here this man is referred to by his “life” to emphasize that he did not die. Alternate translation: “for the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6432KI1025qf9lfigs-explicit0he said to the guard and to the captainsYou may need to state that Jehu came out of the temple before he spoke to the guard. Alternate translation: “he went back outside of the temple of Baal and said to the guards and captains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6442KI1025t2x5figs-synecdoche0with the edge of the swordThe men used swords to kill the worshipers of Baal. This phrase refers to their swords. Alternate translation: “with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6452KI1025pcm3figs-explicit0threw them outThis means that threw the dead bodies of the people out of the temple. Alternate translation: “threw their dead bodies out of the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6462KI1027g8xj0made it a latrine“made it a public toilet” A latrine is a bathroom, or a toilet area, usually for a camp or buildings used to house soldiers.
6472KI1027zr1rfigs-idiom0which it is to this dayThis means that something has remained in a certain condition until the present time. Alternate translation: “and since then it has always been that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6482KI1029b11bfigs-metaphor0did not leave the sins of Jeroboam son of NebatThis speaks of Jehu committing the same sins that Jeroboam committed, as if Jeroboams sins were a place that Jehu did not leave. Alternate translation: “did not stop committing the kinds of sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6492KI1029yas2translate-names0NebatSee how you translated this mans name in [2 Kings 3:3](../03/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6502KI1030l9pm0in executingAlternate translation: “in carrying out” or “in accomplishing”
6512KI1030qe59figs-metaphor0what was right in my eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what I judge to be right” or “what I consider to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6522KI1030v6lkfigs-metonymy0the house of AhabHere Ahabs “house” refers to his “family.” Alternate translation: “the family of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6532KI1030ufu9figs-metonymy0all that was in my heartHere the “heart” represents “desire.” Alternate translation: “all that I desired for you to do” or “all that I wanted you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6542KI1030t8uafigs-metonymy0sit on the throneSitting on the throne represents ruling as king. Alternate translation: “be the kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6552KI1030e1jztranslate-ordinal0to the fourth generationThis refers to his son, grandson, great-grandson, and great-great-grandson. Alternate translation: “to the 4th generation” or “for four more generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
6562KI1031t6dtfigs-idiom0Jehu took no care to walk in the law of YahwehHere “walking” refers to “living.” Alternate translation: “Jehu was not careful to live according to the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6572KI1031k8mnfigs-metonymy0with all his heartHere the “heart” refers to a persons will and desire. Alternate translation: “in everything that he did” or “with all of his will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6582KI1031dsa7figs-idiom0He did not turn away from the sins of JeroboamTo “turn away” from something means to stop doing it. Alternate translation: “Jehu did not stop from sinning in the same ways as Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6592KI1032v39i0began to cut off regions from IsraelAlternate translation: “began to cause the territory controlled by Israel to become smaller”
6602KI1032lup50regionsareas of land
6612KI1032nr1qfigs-synecdoche0Hazael defeatedHere “Hazael” refers to himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Hazael and his army” or “King Hazaels Aramean army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6622KI1032ar6ftranslate-names0HazaelSee how you translated this kings name in [2 Kings 8:8](../08/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6632KI1033n3me0from the Jordan eastwardAlternate translation: “from the land east of the Jordan”
6642KI1033ef2ftranslate-names0Aroer … BashanThese are all names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6652KI1033u9imtranslate-names0the Arnon“the Arnon River” This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6662KI1034dhn9figs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel?This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6672KI1035ka9pfigs-euphemism0Jehu slept with his ancestors, and they buried him in SamariaThis means that Jehu died. This speaks of him being buried where his ancestors were buried as if he were sleeping with them. Alternate translation: “Jehu died and they buried him in Samaria, where they had also buried his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6682KI1035g2qitranslate-names0JehoahazThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6692KI1036m23h0The time that Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria was twenty-eight yearsAlternate translation: “Jehu reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-eight years”
6702KI1036e9nstranslate-numbers0twenty-eight years“28 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6712KI11introabcb0# 2 Kings 11 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the beginning of the story of the spiritual revival in Judah under Joash. The people returned to properly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Athaliahs evil actions<br>The mother of the king of Judah, Athaliah, killed all the royal children so that she could rule. She was not able to kill the baby Joash because his aunt hid him in the temple. When Joash was seven years old, the chief priest conspired with the army and made Joash king. They killed Athaliah and destroyed the temple of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
6722KI111q8rutranslate-names0AthaliahThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6732KI111ed430saw that her son was deadAlternate translation: “became aware that her son was dead”
6742KI111vmz8figs-explicit0she arose and killed all the royal childrenAthaliah did not personally kill the children. Alternate translation: “she commanded her servants to kill all the members of Ahaziahs family who might become king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6752KI112e2rn0took Joash son of Ahaziah, and hid him away from among the kings sons who were killed, along with his nurse; she put them into a bedroom. They hid him from Athaliah so that he was not killed.Alternate translation: “took Ahaziahs very young son Joash and hid him and his nursemaid in a bedroom in the temple. So he was not killed”
6762KI112ys17translate-names0JehoshebaThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6772KI112b2rw0JoashThis is the name of a man.
6782KI113x9bcfigs-activepassive0He remained with her six years, hidden in the house of Yahweh, while Athaliah reigned over the landIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Joash and Jehosheba hid him in the house of Yahweh for six years while Athaliah ruled the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6792KI113sm9gfigs-metonymy0landThis is a metonym for the people who live in the land. Alternate translation: “people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6802KI114qlj70Connecting Statement:This continues the story of what happens after Joash, the son of King Azahiah, was hidden in the temple after all King Azahiahs other descendants were killed.
6812KI114lft4translate-numbers0In the seventh year“In the seventh year of Athaliahs reign” or “In year 7 of Athaliahs reign” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6822KI114n18ctranslate-names0Jehoiadathe high priest (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6832KI114f6witranslate-numbers0the commanders of hundredsThe phrases “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6842KI114pvj60CaritesThis is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
6852KI114dar30brought them to himself“had them come to meet with him.” Jehoiada, the high priest, had these military men report to him at the temple.
6862KI114ycq80Then he showed them the kings sonJehoiada revealed to them that Joash, King Azahiahs son, was still alive.
6872KI117z17vfigs-explicit0for the kingThey were to keep watch for the purpose of protecting the king from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to protect King Joash” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6882KI118jp1k0Whoever enters within your ranks“Anyone who tries to go past you while you are protecting King Joash.” A rank refers to a line of soldiers.
6892KI118d88vfigs-activepassive0let him be killedIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6902KI118ck5gfigs-merism0You must stay with the king when he goes out, and when he comes inThese two opposite things are a merism that refers to everything the king does. Alternate translation: “You must stay near the king at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
6912KI119ry72translate-numbers0the commanders of hundredsThe phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6922KI119duu30Each oneAlternate translation: “Each commander”
6932KI1110jsa10were in the house of YahwehAlternate translation: “were stored in the temple”
6942KI1111tzd50from the right side of the temple to the left side, near the altar and the templeSome versions translate the first two occurrences of “temple” as “palace.” These versions say, “from the right side of the palace to the left side of the palace, near the altar and the temple.”
6952KI1112bh8m0brought out the kings son JoashJehoiada, the high priest, brought king Ahaziahs son, Joash, out from the temple apartment where he had been raised in hiding.
6962KI1112i4yu0gave him the covenant decreesAlternate translation: “presented him with the book of the law”
6972KI1112z9x3translate-symaction0anointed himThe priest poured olive oil on the head of Joash as a symbol that he was now the king. Alternate translation: “poured some olive oil on Joashs head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
6982KI1112sz230clapped their handsClapping their hands was a sign of the happiness of the people at the anointing of the new king.
6992KI1113xrt90the noise of the guardThis refers to the noise made by all the soldiers.
7002KI1113c8pr0she came to the people in the house of YahwehAlternate translation: “she came to where the people had gathered at the temple”
7012KI1114ty2h0She looked, and, behold, the king was standingAlternate translation: “When she arrived, she was surprised to see King Joash standing”
7022KI1114tnu70by the pillarAlternate translation: “by one of the pillars of the temple”
7032KI1114le1p0as the custom wasAlternate translation: “which was the usual place for the king to stand”
7042KI1114xwj40the trumpetersAlternate translation: “the people who played the trumpets”
7052KI1114kxx4translate-symaction0Athaliah tore her clothesShe tore her clothes to express that she was very upset and angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
7062KI1114tc820Treason! Treason!Alternate translation: “You are traitors! You have betrayed me!”
7072KI1115y8gbtranslate-numbers0the commanders of hundredsThe phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7082KI1115i3h10Bring her out between the ranks“Take her away between two rows of guards” or “Lead her away with a row of soldiers on each side of her.” Ranks are lines or rows of soldiers.
7092KI1115f3f3figs-explicit0Anyone who follows herIt is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate translation: “Anyone who follows to try to rescue her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7102KI1116x4a60they seized her as she reached the place where the horses enter the palace groundsSome versions translate this as “the guards seized her and took her to the palace, to the place where horses enter the courtyard.”
7112KI1117uxx60also between the king and the peopleAlternate translation: “also made a covenant between the king and the people”
7122KI1118qgd8figs-hyperbole0all the people of the landThis is a generalization to show that a large group of people tore down the temple of Baal. Alternate translation: a large number of the people of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
7132KI1118tn2k0the house of BaalAlternate translation: “the temple of Baal”
7142KI1118qky4translate-names0MattanThis is the name of a male priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7152KI1119u5jn0General Information:They take the new king, Joash, from the temple to the palace.
7162KI1119u1k5translate-numbers0the commanders of hundredsThe phrase “commander of hundreds” is probably an official title for a military officer. This could mean: (1) the word “hundreds” represents the exact amount of soldiers that each of these commanders led. Alternate translation: “the commanders of 100 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “hundreds” does not represent an exact number, but is the name of a military division. Alternate translation: “the commanders of military divisions” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 11:4](../11/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7172KI1119yh950CaritesThis is the name of a particular group of the royal guards.
7182KI1119j4wu0brought down the king from the house of Yahweh and they went into the kings houseAlternate translation: “brought the king from the temple to the palace”
7192KI1120hz2afigs-hyperbole0all the people of the land rejoicedThis is a generalization. It is possible that some did not rejoice. Alternate translation: “many people in the land rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
7202KI1120y27g0the city was quietAlternate translation: “the city was calm” or “the city was peaceful”
7212KI1121pit8translate-numbers0Joash was seven years old“Joash was 7 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7222KI12introabcc0# 2 Kings 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the end of the story of the revival in Judah under Joash.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Temple<br>Joash repaired the temple. In many ways, the temple represents the relationship between the people and Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
7232KI121ze1ftranslate-numbers0In the seventh year of Jehu“During year 7 of the reign of Jehu over Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7242KI121d8af0the reign of Joash beganAlternate translation: “Joash began to reign over Judah”
7252KI121rhb3translate-names0ZibiahThis was the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7262KI121j5kp0Zibiah, of BeershebaAlternate translation: “Zibiah, from the city of Beersheba”
7272KI122ef2rfigs-metaphor0what was right in the eyes of YahwehThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh judges to be right” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7282KI122zt6j0instructing himAlternate translation: “teaching him”
7292KI123wpe8figs-activepassive0But the high places were not taken awayIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the people did not destroy the high places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7302KI123u656figs-explicit0The people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high placesYawheh forbid the people to worship at these place. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people continued to go to places that were unacceptable to Yahweh, to make sacrifices and burn incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7312KI124spc40the money that is brought in as sacred offerings into the house of YahwehThis refers to money that people gave to support the temple. This money came in three forms that are described in the rest of the sentence.
7322KI126zsi30by the twenty-third year of King JoashAlternate translation: “when Joash had been king for twenty three years”
7332KI127pm11figs-rquestion0Why have you not repaired anything in the temple?Joash asks this question to rebuke the priests. Alternate translation: “You should have been repairing the temple!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7342KI127jj8t0give it to those who can make the repairsAlternate translation: “pay workers who will do the repairs”
7352KI129c5170Instead, JehoiadaAlternate translation: “Instead of the priests collecting the money, Jehoiada”
7362KI129zfe80on the right side as one comes into the house of YahwehAlternate translation: “on the right side of the entrance to the temple”
7372KI129sf7a0put into itAlternate translation: “put into the chest” or “put in the box”
7382KI129fa63figs-activepassive0the money that was broughtIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the money that people brought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7392KI1210qbt60put the money in bags and then count itMany versions put this in a more logical order such as “count the money and put it in bags.”
7402KI1210dcd80put the money in bagsThis could mean: (1) “put the money in bags” or (2) “tied up the money in bags” .
7412KI1210ri1a0the money foundAlternate translation: “the money that they found in the chest”
7422KI1211fj3g0weighed outAlternate translation: “counted”
7432KI1211uk5gfigs-synecdoche0into the hands of menHere “hands” refers to the men. Alternate translation: “to men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7442KI1211ldg60who took care of the templeAlternate translation: “who repaired the temple”
7452KI1211stw30carpenterspeople who build and repair things made of wood
7462KI1212ccn60masonspeople who build with stone
7472KI1212l79i0stonecutterspeople who cut stones into the correct size and shape
7482KI1212nj3x0for buying timber and cutting stoneAlternate translation: “to buy wood and to cut stone”
7492KI1212azk60for all that was needed to be paid to repair itAlternate translation: “to pay for all of the needed repairs”
7502KI1213v3c80did not pay to make for it anyAlternate translation: “was not spent to pay for any of the temples”
7512KI1213al8w0silver cups, lamp trimmers, basins, trumpets, or any gold or silver furnishingThese are items that would have been used by the priests for various temple tasks, such as sacrifices or festivals.
7522KI1215yl27figs-activepassive0they did not require the money paid for repairs to be accounted for by the men who received it and paid it to the workmenIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they did not require the men who received the money and paid the workmen for the repairs to account for the money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7532KI1215d5vz0to be accounted forto keep a record of how much money was received and spent
7542KI1216frz5figs-explicit0the money for the guilt offerings and the money for the sin offerings was not brought into the temple of YahwehIt is implied that this money was not used for the repairs. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they did not use the money from the guilt offerings and the sin offerings to pay for the repairs to the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7552KI1217lxs4figs-synecdoche0Hazael king of Aram attacked … Hazael then turned to attackThis refers to Hazaels army as well as to Hazael. Alternate translation: “Hazael king of Aram and his army attacked … Then they turned to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7562KI1217h8n3translate-names0HazaelThis is the name of the king of the country of Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7572KI1217l2270took itAlternate translation: “defeated and took control of it”
7582KI1218jt6efigs-metaphor0Jehoshaphat and Jehoram and Ahaziah, his fathersThese men were previous kings of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7592KI1218g6qu0set apartAlternate translation: “dedicated”
7602KI1218uqk60the gold that was found in the storeroomsAlternate translation: “the gold that was stored in the storerooms”
7612KI1218yc4i0Then Hazael went away from JerusalemThe gifts Joash gave Hazael convinced him not to attack Jerusalem. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “So Hazael stopped attacking Jerusalem and left”
7622KI1219vzj6figs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah?This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7632KI1220bpc3translate-names0SillaThe location of this place is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7642KI1221a67itranslate-names0Jozabad … Shimeath … Jehozabad … Shomer … AmaziahThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7652KI1221c8xh0with his ancestorsAlternate translation: “in the place where his ancestors were buried”
7662KI1221jic70became king in his placeAlternate translation: “became the next king of Judah”
7672KI13introabcd0# 2 Kings 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the last chapter about Elisha.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elishas death<br>The king of Israel is upset when Elisha is dying. Elisha assures him that he will have three victories over Aram.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The king compares the protection that Elisha had given Israel to “The chariot of Israel and the horsemen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7682KI131x3b7translate-numbers0In the twenty-third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah“After Joash had been ruling Judah for almost 23 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7692KI131k11v0reign over Israel in SamariaAlternate translation: “rule over the kingdom of Israel located in Samaria”
7702KI131sr5w0he reigned seventeen yearsAlternate translation: “Jehoahaz was king for 17 years”
7712KI132a5vpfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7722KI132dmd40followed the sins of JeroboamAlternate translation: “did the same sins as Jeroboam”
7732KI132r613figs-metaphor0Jehoahaz did not turn away from themHere stopping his sin is spoken of as if he turned away from them. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Jehoahaz did not stop doing the sins of Jeroboam” or “Jehoahaz continued to do the same sins as Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7742KI133sii1figs-metaphor0The anger of Yahweh burned against IsraelYahweh becoming angry with Israel is spoken of as if his anger was a fire that burned. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh became very angry with Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7752KI133u4tpfigs-metonymy0gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram and into the hand of Ben Hadad son of HazaelHere “them” refers to Israel and “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “allowed Hazael the king of Aram, and Ben Hadad, his son, to repeatedly defeat the Israelites in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7762KI134hcy20implored YahwehAlternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh”
7772KI135n7zw0a rescuerAlternate translation: “someone to rescue them”
7782KI135lp9pfigs-metonymy0they escaped from the hand of the ArameansHere “hand” refers to the power to control them. Alternate translation: “he enabled them to be free from Arams power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7792KI136jts3figs-metaphor0they did not depart from the sins of the house of JeroboamTo stop sinning is spoken of as if they departed from the sins. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Israel did not stop doing the same sins as Jeroboam had done” or “Israel continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam had committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7802KI136yu8j0house of JeroboamAlternate translation: “the family of Jeroboam”
7812KI137y28l0had destroyed themAlternate translation: “had defeated the army of Jehoahaz”
7822KI137rn9hfigs-simile0made them like the chaff at threshing timeThe Aramean army had so severely defeated the army of Israel that what remained was so worthless that it is compared to wheat chaff that the laborers walk on at harvest time. Alternate translation: “had crushed them as workers crush chaff under their feet at harvest time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
7832KI138pi49figs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel?This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7842KI139kb13figs-euphemism0slept with his ancestorsThis is a polite way of saying that he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
7852KI1310dwi8translate-numbers0In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah“After Joash had ruled Judah for almost 37 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7862KI1310j1vy0the reign of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began over Israel in SamariaAlternate translation: “Jehoash son of Jehoahaz began to rule over Israel in Samaria”
7872KI1310l84rtranslate-names0JehoashThis was a king of Israel who was the son of Jehoahaz. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7882KI1311sa6kfigs-metaphor0He did what was evil in the sight of YahwehHere “sight” represents Gods thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “He did things that Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7892KI1311ird8figs-metaphor0He did not leave behind any of the sins of JeroboamTo stop sinning is spoken of as if he left behind the sins. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Jehoash did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam” or “Jehoash kept committing the same sins as Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7902KI1311gt2b0by which he had made Israel to sinAlternate translation: “by which Jeroboam had caused Israel to sin”
7912KI1311jsm8figs-metaphor0but he walked in themTo sin is spoken of as if he was walking along a sinful path. Alternate translation: “but Jehoash continued to do these same sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7922KI1312h7ytfigs-metonymy0his might by which he fought against Amaziah king of JudahHere the strength of Jehoashs army is spoken of as Jehoashs “might.” Alternate translation: “the power that his army showed when they fought against the army of Amaziah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7932KI1312u7z4figs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel?This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7942KI1313q8g6figs-euphemism0Jehoash slept with his ancestorsThis a polite way to say that Jehoash died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
7952KI1313il21figs-metonymy0Jeroboam sat on his throneHere “sat on his throne” refers to ruling as king. Alternate translation: “Jeroboam became king after him” or “Jeroboam began to rule after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7962KI1314jr120wept over himAlternate translation: “wept because Elisha was sick”
7972KI1314h3da0My father, my fatherElisha was not the kings literal father. King Joash used this term as a sign of respect.
7982KI1314r8bvfigs-explicit0the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you awayThis is a reference to Elijah going to heaven in [2 Kings 2:11](../02/11.md) and [2 Kings 2:12](../02/12.md). Joash uses this phrase to say that Elisha was going to die. Alternate translation: “the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you to heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7992KI1314tj6kfigs-explicit0the horsemenThis refers to the men who drove the chariots. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the drivers of the chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8002KI1317b7d10Open the window eastwardAlternate translation: “open the window that faces east” or “open that window towards the east”
8012KI1317dd2bfigs-explicit0so he opened itSince this happens after Joash takes the bow and arrows, he may have had a servant open the window. Alternate translation: “So a servant opened it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8022KI1317wid30he shotAlternate translation: “Joash shot the arrow”
8032KI1317lul1figs-explicit0This is Yahwehs arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over AramThe relationship between the arrow and victory can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “This arrow is a sign from Yahweh that he will give you victory over Aram” or “This arrow symbolizes the victory Yahweh will give you over Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8042KI1317gh9ytranslate-names0AphekThis was a city in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8052KI1319zg7e0But the man of God was angry with himAlternate translation: “But Elisha was angry with King Joash”
8062KI1319it9v0until you annihilated itAlternate translation: “until you completely destroyed it” or “until they were completely wiped out”
8072KI1320jpb8writing-background0NowThis word marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information for the part of the story that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
8082KI1320eqh30at the beginning of the yearAlternate translation: “each year during spring”
8092KI1321kn7h0As they were burying a certain manAlternate translation: “As some Israelites were burying a mans body”
8102KI1321c2yjfigs-explicit0they saw a group of MoabitesIt can be made explicit that they were afraid of the Moabites. Alternate translation: “they saw a group of Moabite raiders coming toward them and they were afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8112KI1321bnq20Elishas graveAlternate translation: “the grave where Elisha was buried”
8122KI1321u91lfigs-explicit0As soon as the man touched Elishas bonesHere “the man” refers to his dead body. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “As soon as the dead mans body touched the bones of Elisha” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8132KI1321xm7e0he revived and stood up on his feetAlternate translation: “the dead man came back to life and stood up”
8142KI1323xdv20But Yahweh was gracious to Israel, and had compassion on them and concern for themIt may be helpful to divide this sentence into shorter parts. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh was very kind to the Israelite people. He helped them”
8152KI1323rh9efigs-explicit0So Yahweh did not destroy themYahwehs covenant is the reason he did not destroy Israel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them” or “Because of his covenant, Yahweh did not destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8162KI1323w4jqfigs-metaphor0has not driven them away from his presenceYahwehs rejection is spoken of as if he had physically driven Israel away from where he was. Alternate translation: “has not rejected them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8172KI1324pn16translate-names0Hazael … Ben HadadThese are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8182KI1324z9i40became king in his placeAlternate translation: “became king after him”
8192KI1325kwm4translate-names0Jehoash … JehoahazThese are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8202KI1325zz2afigs-synecdoche0Jehoash attacked him three timesHere “Jehoash” and “him” refer to the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “Jehoashs army attacked Ben Hadads army three times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8212KI1325v9pk0he recovered those cities of IsraelAlternate translation: “Jehoash took back control of the Israelite cities that Ben Hadad had captured”
8222KI14introabce0# 2 Kings 14 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The text begins to alternate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah again.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pride<br>Pride in ones success can make a person attempt and fail at something else. Amaziah defeated Edom so he wanted to fight Israel. But Israel defeated him and thoroughly humiliated him.
8232KI141bnk50In the second year of Jehoash son of Jehoahaz, king of IsraelAlternate translation: “When Jehoash son of Jehoahaz had been king of Israel for almost two years”
8242KI141nnl60Amaziah son of Joash, king of Judah, began to reignAlternate translation: “Amaziah son of Joash, became the king of Judah”
8252KI142s314translate-numbers0He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign“He was 25 years old when he became king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8262KI142qq8dtranslate-numbers0he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem“he was the king in Jerusalem for 29 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8272KI142bez2translate-names0Jehoaddan(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8282KI143s1dnfigs-metaphor0He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh, yet not like David his fatherHere “the eyes of Yahweh” refers to his sight, and his sight refers to his judgment. Alternate translation: “Amaziah did many things that pleased Yahweh, but he did not do as many things that pleased Yahweh as King David had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8292KI143u7ikfigs-explicit0He did everything that Joash, his father, had doneJoash obeyed Yahweh and did good things. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “He did the same good things that his father Joash had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8302KI144uy97figs-activepassive0But the high places were not taken awayIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But he did not remove the high places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8312KI144jkh2figs-explicit0sacrificed and burned incense at the high placesThe high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “sacrificed and burned incense to pagan gods at the high places”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8322KI145l8qkwriting-newevent0It came aboutThis is used to introduce a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
8332KI145d25bfigs-activepassive0as soon as his rule was well establishedIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “as soon as Amaziah securely established his royal rule and kingly authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8342KI145cd1jfigs-explicit0he killed the servantsAmaziah probably ordered other people to kill the officials. Alternate translation: “he made his servants execute the officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8352KI146nq560General Information:The narrator tells about what king Amaziah did after his father King Joash was murdered.
8362KI146f6e7figs-synecdoche0Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to deathKing Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. If he was going to have them executed though, he would have commanded his servants do it, he would not have done it himself. Alternate translation: “But he did not tell his servants to execute those officials children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8372KI146xz2efigs-activepassive0The fathers must not be put to death for their children, neither must the children be put to death for their parentsIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People must not kill the fathers for the sins of their children, and they must not kill the children for the sins of their parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8382KI146i2xxfigs-activepassive0every person must be put to death for his own sinIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “every person must die for his own sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8392KI147s7bxfigs-synecdoche0He killedHere “He” refers to his army. Alternate translation: “Amaziahs army killed” or “Amaziahs soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8402KI147ivl5translate-numbers0ten thousand soldiers“10,000 soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8412KI147th9a0Valley of SaltThis is the name of a place that is located south of the Dead Sea.
8422KI147p37cfigs-synecdoche0he also took Sela in warHere the word “he” refers to King amaziah and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “King Amaziahs army captured the city of Sela” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8432KI147n6i2translate-names0Sela … JoktheelThey renamed the city of Sela. The new name was Joktheel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8442KI148wa4ffigs-synecdoche0Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu king of Israel, saying, “Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle.”Here “each other” also included their armies. Alternate translation: “Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8452KI149c44nfigs-metaphor0A thistle that was in Lebanon … trampled down the thistleThis is a word picture and a riddle. A cedar tree is great and a thistle is small and worthless. Jehoash compares himself to the cedar and Amaziah to the thistle and warns Amaziah not to attack. If you have a similar comparison in your own language, you can use it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8462KI149m2ge0thistletype of bush with thorns
8472KI149thw3figs-quotations0saying, Give your daughter to my son for a wife,This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asking the cedar to give his daughter to the thistles son for a wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
8482KI1410uh7l0You have indeed attacked EdomThis is the warning part of Jehoashs message to Amaziah. “Amaziah, you have definitely defeated Edom”
8492KI1410y8jcfigs-idiom0your heart has lifted you upThis is an idiom that refers to being proud. Alternate translation: “you are very proud of what you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8502KI1410t29y0Take pride in your victoryAlternate translation: “Be content with your victory”
8512KI1410ik12figs-rquestion0for why should you cause yourself trouble and fallJehoash uses this question to warn Amaziah not to attack him. Alternate translation: “for you should not cause trouble for yourself and suffer defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8522KI1411tc12figs-metonymy0But Amaziah would not listenHere “listen” refers to obeying the warning. Alternate translation: “However, Amaziah would not obey Jehoashs warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8532KI1411dxk2figs-synecdoche0So Jehoash king of Israel attacked … Amaziah king of Judah met each otherThe armies of these kings went to battle with them. Alternate translation: “So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army and they met each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8542KI1411tea6translate-names0Beth ShemeshThis is a town in Judah near the border of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8552KI1412iqd2figs-activepassive0Judah was defeated by IsraelIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Israel defeated Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8562KI1412s7x50every man fled homeAlternate translation: “all the men in the army of Judah ran home”
8572KI1413pau50General Information:This is what happened after the army of Israel defeated the army of Judah at Beth Shemesh.
8582KI1413r9xlfigs-synecdoche0He cameHere “He” refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate translation: “Jehoash and his army came … Jehoashs soldiers took” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8592KI1413y4k8translate-names0Ephraim Gate … Corner GateThere are the names of gates in the wall of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8602KI1413vqd2translate-numbers0four hundred cubits“about 180 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8612KI1413b9astranslate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit was about 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
8622KI1414phn9figs-synecdoche0He tookHere “He” refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate translation: “Jehoash and his army came … Jehoashs soldiers took” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8632KI1414x427figs-explicit0with hostages also, and returned to SamariaThis implies that Jehoash needed to take these hostages to prevent Amaziah from attacking again. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and they also took to Samaria some prisoners to make sure that Amaziah would cause them no more trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8642KI1415t4dyfigs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel?This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8652KI1416vt46figs-euphemism0Then Jehoash slept with his ancestorsThis is a polite way to say that he died. Alternate translation: “Then Jehoash died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
8662KI1416adn80became king in his placeAlternate translation: “became king after him”
8672KI1418xq4qfigs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah?This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8682KI1419y5yc0They made a conspiracy against Amaziah in JerusalemA conspiracy is a secret plan to do harm to someone or something. Alternate translation: “Some people in Jerusalem plotted against Amaziah”
8692KI1419is8mtranslate-names0LachishThis is a city in southwestern Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8702KI1419mf5g0but they sent men after him to LachishThe men who made the conspiracy sent other men to follow Amaziah to Lachish.
8712KI1420gt9h0General Information:This is what happened after the death of King Amaziah.
8722KI1420z4r20They brought him back on horsesAlternate translation: “They brought Amaziahs body back on horses”
8732KI1421rm6afigs-hyperbole0All the people of Judah took Azariah, who was sixteen years old, and made him king in place of his father AmaziahThis is a generalization. Some people may not have wanted him to be king. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah took the 16 year-old Azariah and made him king after his father, Amaziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
8742KI1421rt3h0AzariahThis king is better known today by the name “Uzziah.”
8752KI1422f5zbfigs-synecdoche0It was Azariah who rebuilt ElathAzariah did not do this alone. Alternate translation: “It was Azariah who ordered Elath to be rebuilt” or “It was Azariah who supervised the rebuilding of Elath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8762KI1422j6intranslate-names0Elatha city in Judah (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8772KI1422p27q0restored it to JudahAlternate translation: “returned it to Judah”
8782KI1422q5ykfigs-euphemism0slept with his ancestorsThis is a poetic way to say he died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
8792KI1423mn4e0General Information:This describes what King Uzziah did after he became king.
8802KI1423yl7ktranslate-numbers0In the fifteenth year of Amaziah“In year 15 of Amaziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8812KI1423b29ptranslate-numbers0forty-one years“41 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8822KI1424w3y6figs-metaphor0evil in the sight of YahwehHere “sight” is a metaphor for judging or considering. Alternate translation: “evil according to Yahweh” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8832KI1424ic6vfigs-metaphor0He did not depart from any of the sins of JeroboamTo stop sinning is spoken of as leaving a path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He did not stop committing the same sins as Jeroboam” or “He continued to commit the same sins as Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8842KI1425n18gfigs-metonymy0He restored the borderThis means his army restored the land up to the border. Alternate translation: “His soldiers conquered again some of the territory that had previously belonged to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8852KI1425i4vstranslate-names0Lebo HamathThis city was also called Hamath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8862KI1425k2lt0the Sea of the ArabahAlternate translation: “the Dead Sea”
8872KI1426fux4figs-metaphor0it was very bitterSuffering that was difficult is spoken of as if it had a bitter taste. Alternate translation: “it was very difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8882KI1426p9i40there was no rescuer for IsraelAlternate translation: “there was no one who could rescue Israel”
8892KI1427lz2ifigs-metaphor0blot outTo completely destroy Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh wiped them away with a cloth. Alternate translation: “completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8902KI1427v5n5figs-metonymy0the name of IsraelHere “the name of Israel” represents all of Israel and its inhabitants. Alternate translation: “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8912KI1427b5t90under heavenAlternate translation: “on earth”
8922KI1427tjk3figs-metonymy0he saved them by the hand of Jeroboam son of JehoashHere “hand” is a metonym for power. Also, “Jehoash” is a synecdoche representing Jehoash and his army. Alternate translation: “he enabled King Jeroboam and his army to rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8932KI1428ka1rfigs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel?This question is used to remind the reader that the acts of Jehoahaz are recorded in another book. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8942KI1429eq5qfigs-euphemism0Jeroboam slept with his ancestors, with the kings of IsraelThis is a polite way to say that he died and was buried. Alternate translation: “Jeroboam died, and was buried where the other kings of Israel were buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
8952KI15introabcf0# 2 Kings 15 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israels evil<br>Israel assassinated one king after another. The Assyrians began attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
8962KI151e5x2figs-explicit0In the twenty-seventh year of JeroboamIt can be stated clearly that this is the twenty-seventh year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8972KI151kyq40AzariahThis king is better known today by the name “Uzziah.”
8982KI152ric2translate-names0JekoliahThis is the name of Azariahs mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8992KI153dct60He did what was rightAlternate translation: “Azariah did what was right”
9002KI153tc2qfigs-metaphor0what was right in the eyes of YahwehThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what was right in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9012KI154v4ckfigs-activepassive0the high places were not taken awayIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one took away the high places” or “Azariah did not have anyone take the high places away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9022KI154kum4figs-metaphor0were not taken awayBeing taken away represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “were not destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9032KI155a3rsfigs-abstractnouns0to the day of his deathIf your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “die.” Alternate translation: “until the day he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9042KI155gk1i0Jotham, the kings son, was over the householdThe word “household” refers to the people living in the kings palace. Because Azariah was a leper, he had to live in a separate house. So his son, Jotham, took charge over the palace.
9052KI155pz41figs-metaphor0was over the householdBeing over the household represents having authority over those in it. Alternate translation: “was in charge of the household” or “had authority over those in Azariahs palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9062KI156i6ewfigs-rquestion0are they not written … Judah?This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Azariah is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written … Judah.” or “you can read about them … Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9072KI157h3exfigs-metaphor0Azariah slept with his ancestorsSleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Azariah died as his ancestors had” or “like his ancestors, Azariah died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
9082KI157cv1f0they buried him with his ancestorsAlternate translation: “his family buried him where his ancestors had been buried”
9092KI157xj9rfigs-metaphor0became king in his placeThe phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Azariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9102KI158n87bfigs-explicit0In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of JudahIt can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-eighth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 38 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9112KI158ndd50Zechariah son of JeroboamThis Jeroboam was the second king of Israel that had that name. He was the son of King Jehoash.
9122KI158rx4x0reigned over Israel in Samaria for six monthsSamaria is the city that Zechariah lived in when he was king of Israel. Alternate translation: “lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for six months”
9132KI159chp90He did what was evilAlternate translation: “Zechariah did what was evil”
9142KI159z35lfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9152KI159s24jfigs-metaphor0He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of NebatDeparting from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9162KI159tf550Jeroboam son of NebatThis Jeroboam was the first king of the ten northern tribes that made up the kingdom of Israel.
9172KI159jf9jfigs-metonymy0who had caused Israel to sinHere the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “who had caused the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9182KI1510p3dbtranslate-names0Shallum … JabeshThese are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9192KI1510e54l0against ZechariahAlternate translation: “against King Zechariah”
9202KI1510zj8ztranslate-names0IbleamThis was the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9212KI1510xu2j0Then he became king in his placeAlternate translation: “Then Shallum became king in Zechariahs place”
9222KI1511rh7hfigs-activepassive0they are written in the book of the events of the kings of IsraelIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9232KI1512e1b4figs-explicit0This was the word of YahwehIt can be stated clearly that the events described in verse 10 fulfilled the word of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “What happened to Zechariah was according to the word of Yahweh” or “What happened to Zechariah fulfilled the word of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9242KI1512x3smfigs-metonymy0Your descendants will sit on the throne of Israel to the fourth generationSitting on the throne represents being the king. Alternate translation: “Your descendants will be the kings of Israel for four generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9252KI1513z5dbfigs-explicit0in the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of JudahIt can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “in year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9262KI1513jep2translate-names0Shallum … JabeshThese are the names of two men. See how you translated these names in [2 Kings 15:10](../15/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9272KI1513wql8figs-explicit0he reigned only one month in SamariaSamaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. Alternate translation: “Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9282KI1514y7egtranslate-names0Menahem … GadiThese are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9292KI1514tv6ufigs-metaphor0became king in his placeThe phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Shallum” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9302KI1515t6xdfigs-explicit0the conspiracy that he formedIf your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **conspiracy**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “plan.” It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate translation: “how he planned to murder King Zechariah” or “and how he murdered King Zechariah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9312KI1515nd96figs-activepassive0they are written in the book of the events of the kings of IsraelIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9322KI1516pmb9translate-names0TiphsahThis is the name of a city. Some versions have “Tappuah,” which is the name of another city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9332KI1517wu8nfigs-explicit0In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of JudahIt can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9342KI1518pk5afigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9352KI1518xfk1figs-abstractnouns0For his whole lifeIf your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “live.” Alternate translation: “The whole time that he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9362KI1518y9u5figs-metaphor0he did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of NebatDeparting from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9372KI1518pj1mfigs-metonymy0who had caused Israel to sinHere the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “who had caused the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9382KI1519r6vcfigs-synecdoche0Pul the king of Assyria came against the landThe phrase “Pul the king of Assyria” represents Pul and his army. Alternate translation: “Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
9392KI1519s53rtranslate-names0Pul the king of AssyriaPul is the name of a man who was king of Assyria. He was also named Tiglath-Pileser. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9402KI1519wap9figs-idiom0came against the landThe phrase “came against” is an idiom meaning to attack. “The land” refers to the land of Israel and represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “came with his army to attack the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9412KI1519s8m5translate-numbers0one thousand talents of silver“1,000 talents of silver.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “thirty-three thousand kilograms of silver” or “thirty-three metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
9422KI1519ft85figs-abstractnouns0so that Puls support might be with himIf your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **support**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “support.” Alternate translation: “so that Pul might support him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9432KI1519wx2afigs-metaphor0to strengthen the kingdom of Israel in his handHaving the kingdom in his hand represents ruling the kingdom. Alternate translation: “to strengthen his rule over the kingdom of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9442KI1520nd7g0exacted this money from IsraelAlternate translation: “took this money from Israel”
9452KI1520b1hvtranslate-bmoney0fifty shekels of silverYou may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “six hundred grams of silver” or “three-fifths of a kilogram of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
9462KI1520qz7q0did not stay there in the landAlternate translation: “did not stay there in Israel”
9472KI1521w6zxfigs-rquestion0are they not written … Israel?This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Menahem is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9482KI1522a3i4figs-metaphor0Menahem slept with his ancestorsSleeping represents dying. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 10:35](../10/35.md). Alternate translation: “Menahem died as his ancestors had” or “like his ancestors, Menahem died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
9492KI1522l6twtranslate-names0PekahiahThis a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9502KI1522axh7figs-metaphor0became king in his placeThe phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Menahem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9512KI1523c1p9figs-explicit0In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of JudahIt can be stated clearly that this is the fiftieth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 50 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9522KI1523w1fetranslate-names0PekahiahThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9532KI1524yt2sfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9542KI1524n1vtfigs-metaphor0He did not leave behind the sins of Jeroboam son of NebatLeaving behind sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Pekahiah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9552KI1524v24hfigs-metonymy0he had caused Israel to sinHere the word “Israel” represents the people of the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9562KI1525iu97translate-names0Pekah … RemaliahThese are mens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9572KI1525f5xz0conspired against himAlternate translation: “secretly planned to kill Pekahiah”
9582KI1525b6ddtranslate-numbers0fifty men“50 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9592KI1525l8eitranslate-names0Argob … AriehThese are mens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9602KI1525lc6k0the citadel of the kings palaceAlternate translation: “the fortified part of the kings palace” or “the safe place in the kings palace”
9612KI1525qu35figs-metaphor0became king in his placeThe phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Pekahiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9622KI1526yea7figs-activepassive0they are written in the book of the events of the kings of IsraelIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9632KI1527hh72figs-explicit0In the fifty-second year of Azariah king of JudahIt can be stated clearly that this is the fifty-second year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 52 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9642KI1528f2fsfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9652KI1528wpl3figs-metaphor0He did not depart from the sins of Jeroboam son of NebatDeparting from sins represents refusing to do those sins. Alternate translation: “Zechariah did not refuse to commit the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat” or “He sinned as Jeroboam son of Nebat had sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9662KI1529q5s8figs-explicit0In the days of Pekah king of IsraelIt can be stated clearly that this refers to the time of Pekahs reign. Alternate translation: “In the days of the reign of Pekah king of Israel” or “During the time that Pekah was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9672KI1529wj1utranslate-names0Tiglath-PileserIn [2 Kings 15:19](../15/19.md) this man was called “Pul.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9682KI1529fgz6translate-names0Ijon … Abel Beth Maacah … Janoah … Kedesh … Hazor … Gilead … Galilee … NaphtaliThese are the names of cities or regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9692KI1529c6csfigs-synecdoche0He carried away the people to AssyriaHere “He” refers to Tiglath-Pileser and represents him and his army. Carrying the people to Assyria represents forcing them to go to Assyria. Alternate translation: “He and his army forced the people to go to Assyria (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9702KI1529d5lafigs-explicit0the peopleIt can be stated clearly which people these are. Alternate translation: “the people of those places” or “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9712KI1530v22atranslate-names0Hoshea … ElahThese are mens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9722KI1530k3bf0a conspiracyA conspiracy is a secret plan by a group to do harm to someone or something.
9732KI1530q13k0He attacked him and killed himAlternate translation: “Hoshea attacked Pekah and killed him”
9742KI1530d345figs-metaphor0became king in his placeThe phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Pekah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9752KI1530h8uxfigs-explicit0in the twentieth year of Jotham son of UzziahIt can be stated clearly that this is the twentieth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 20 of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9762KI1531e8hzfigs-activepassive0they are written in the book of the events of the kings of IsraelIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you can read about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9772KI1532l454figs-explicit0In the second year of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of IsraelIt can be stated clearly that this is the second year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 2 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9782KI1532aht70Jotham son of Azariah, king of Judah began to reignAlternate translation: “Jotham son of Azariah, king of Judah became king of Judah”
9792KI1533w1agtranslate-numbers0He was twenty-five years old … sixteen years“He was 25 years old…16 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9802KI1533xz2xtranslate-names0JerushahThis is a womans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9812KI1534r4gifigs-metaphor0what was right in the eyes of YahwehThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what was right in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9822KI1535nad3figs-activepassive0the high places were not taken awayIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one took away the high places” or “Jotham did not have anyone take the high places away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9832KI1535y74dfigs-metaphor0were not taken awayBeing taken away represents being destroyed. Alternate translation: “were not destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9842KI1535mws8figs-metonymy0Jotham built the upper gate“Jotham built” represents Jotham making his workers build it. Alternate translation: “Jotham had his workers build the upper gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9852KI1536h17bfigs-rquestion0are they not written … Judah?This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Jotham is in this other book. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9862KI1537ct5wfigs-explicit0In those daysThis refers to a time period. What time period this refers to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “During that time” or “While Jotham was king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9872KI1537w42ktranslate-names0RezinThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9882KI1537sx2etranslate-names0Pekah … RemaliahThese are mens names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](../15/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9892KI1538nar5figs-metaphor0Jotham slept with his ancestorsSleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Jotham died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Jotham died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
9902KI1538qj1bfigs-metaphor0became king in his placeThe phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Jotham” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9912KI16introabcg0# 2 Kings 16 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ahaz<br>Ahaz was a wicked king. Israel and Aram united to fight against him, so he paid the Assyrian king to attack Aram. Assyria defeated the people of Aram and took them into captivity. The people were to trust in Yahweh and not rely on military alliances with other Gentile nations. This showed a lack of trust in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
9922KI161x9n9figs-explicit0In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of RemaliahIt can be stated clearly that this is the seventeenth year of his reign. Alternate translation: “In year 17 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9932KI161ja6ftranslate-names0Pekah … RemaliahThese are mens names. Pekah was the king of Israel. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:25](../15/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9942KI162rm3ifigs-metaphor0what was right in the eyes of Yahweh his GodThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what was right in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh his God considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9952KI162f9pl0as David his ancestor had doneDavid had done what is right.
9962KI163a1c2figs-metaphor0he walked in the way of the kings of IsraelWalking represents behavior and actions. Alternate translation: “King Ahaz acted the same way that the kings of Israel had acted” or “he did the things that the kings of Israel had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9972KI163i9tdfigs-metaphor0following the detestable practices of the nationsHere “following” represents doing what others do. Alternate translation: “copying the disgusting things that the other nations did, the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9982KI163k9uvfigs-metonymy0the nationsThe word “nations” represents the people of other nations. Here it refers to the people of the nations who had lived in that land. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9992KI163ad1q0which Yahweh had driven outAlternate translation: “Drive out” means “force out.” Alternate translation: “which Yahweh had forced to leave”
10002KI163q89dfigs-explicit0before the people of IsraelThe people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “before the people of Israel who moved into the land” or “as the people of Israel moved into the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10012KI164nl1p0the high places, on the hilltops, and under every green treeThese are places where the people of the other nations worshiped their false gods.
10022KI164zjl2figs-hyperbole0under every green treeGod wanted his people to offer sacrifices to him in Jerusalem. The word “every” here is an exaggeration to show how determined King Ahaz was to disobey God by offering sacrifices in many other places instead. Alternate translation: “under many green trees” or “under many green trees around the country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
10032KI165u3tstranslate-names0Rezin … Pekah … RemaliahThese are mens names. See how you translated them in [2 Kings 15:37](../15/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10042KI165hx16figs-synecdoche0besieged AhazAhaz was in Jerusalem. Here “Ahaz” represents himself and the people who were in Jerusalem with him. Alternate translation: “surrounded the city with Ahaz in it” or “surrounded Ahaz and the others in the city with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10052KI166ew5kfigs-metonymy0recovered Elath for AramHere “Aram” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “took back control of the city of Elath for the people of Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10062KI166axm2translate-names0ElathThis is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [2 Kings 14:22](../14/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10072KI166g7gx0drove the men of Judah out of ElathAlternate translation: “forced the men of Judah to leave Elath”
10082KI166gm8c0to this dayThis means to the time of the writing of this book.
10092KI167x3bytranslate-names0Tiglath-PileserIn [2 Kings 15:19](../15/19.md) this man was called “Pul.” See how you translated his name in [2 Kings 15:29](../15/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10102KI167h92afigs-metaphor0I am your servant and your sonBeing a servant and a son represents submitting to someones authority. Alternate translation: “I will obey you as if I were your servant or your son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10112KI167f7jsfigs-metonymy0from the hand of the king of Aram and from the hand of the king of IsraelThe hand is a metonym that represents power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the king of Aram and from the power of the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10122KI167dh2hfigs-synecdoche0who have attacked meThe kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. Alternate translation: “who have attacked me with their armies” or “whose armies have attacked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10132KI169u25gfigs-synecdoche0the king of Assyria went up against DamascusThe word “king” represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10142KI169zd43figs-metaphor0carried off its people as prisoners to KirCarrying off the people represents forcing them to go away. Alternate translation: “made the people his prisoners and forced them to go to Kir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10152KI169dr4dtranslate-names0KirThis could mean: (1) this is the name of a city or (2) this word means “city” and refers to the capital city of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10162KI1610l6c6figs-activepassive0the design for all the workmanship neededThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the instructions that the workers needed in order to build it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10172KI1613jf6b0General Information:This is what King Ahaz did after he returned from Damascus and visited the new altar which Uriah the priest had built for him.
10182KI1613w1tk0He made his burnt offeringAlternate translation: “King Ahaz made his burnt offering”
10192KI1613rn3y0on the altarThis refers to the altar that King Ahaz told Uriah to build.
10202KI1614g4cd0from the front of the temple … from between his altar and the temple of YahwehBoth of these phrases tell where the bronze altar was. They refer to the same place.
10212KI1615v2xm0the large altarThis refers to the new altar that Ahaz told Uriah to build.
10222KI1615cj8mfigs-123person0the kings burnt offering and his grain offeringWhen Ahaz said “the king” and “his,” he was referring to himself. The king treated his offerings as special. Alternate translation: “my burnt offering and my grain offering” or “the royal burnt offering and royal grain offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
10232KI1617y1g10the portable stands“the movable stands” or “the carts.” These stands had wheels on them so they could be moved around.
10242KI1617p7hv0he also took down the sea“he also removed the large bowl.” The “sea” was a huge basin or water bowl that was made of bronze.
10252KI1618h1v3figs-explicit0because of the king of AssyriaWhy they did this can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “to please the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10262KI1619wqa8figs-rquestion0are they not written … Judah?This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Ahaz is in this other book. This can also be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in The Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah.” or “someone has written about them in The Book … Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10272KI1620c5rkfigs-metaphor0Ahaz slept with his ancestorsSleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Ahaz died as his ancestors had” or “like his ancestors, Ahaz died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
10282KI1620wbc9figs-activepassive0was buried with his ancestorsIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people buried him with his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10292KI1620y1p2figs-metaphor0became king in his placeThe phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Ahaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10302KI17introabch0# 2 Kings 17 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter ends the story about the kingdom of Israel and continues with Judah alone.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idol worship<br><br>Israel continued to worship idols, so God punished them by allowing Assyria to conquer them and take them away. Assyria brought people from other lands and settled them in what used to be Israels territory and the new people worshiped their own gods in addition to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
10312KI171jz6k0Hoshea son of ElahHoshea became the king of the northern kingdom of Israel.
10322KI171b3fatranslate-names0ElahThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10332KI171y37gtranslate-names0He ruled in SamariaSamaria was the capital city of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10342KI172l76gfigs-metaphor0evil in the sight of YahwehHe did not obey Yahwehs laws as given to Moses. “In the sight of” is metaphor for judgment or opinion. Alternate translation: “evil to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10352KI173rsa4translate-names0ShalmaneserThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10362KI173c29v0Hoshea became his servant and brought him tributeHoshea did as the King of Assyria commanded and brought money to him so that the King would not destroy Israel.
10372KI174zb5ftranslate-names0SoThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10382KI174c7zr0year by yearAlternate translation: “every year”
10392KI174z8ag0shut him up and bound him in prisonAlternate translation: “put Hoshea in prison”
10402KI175de7d0besieged itput troops around the city in order to force it to surrender
10412KI176ue2efigs-metonymy0carried Israel away to AssyriaThe name “Israel” is metonymy for the people living there. Alternate translation: “took the Israelite people to Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10422KI176j5lrtranslate-names0Halah … Habor River … GozanThese are the names of locations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10432KI176sgu8translate-names0MedesThis is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10442KI177sg9j0General Information:The narrative pauses to summarize Yahwehs judgment on Israel.
10452KI177rdg70This captivityThis refers to the capture of the Israelites by the Assyrians.
10462KI177yaq6figs-metonymy0the hand of“Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10472KI178zgq1figs-metaphor0walking in the practices“Walking” is metaphor for the ways or patterns of behavior people use in their lives. Alternate translation: “doing the activities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10482KI1710ry45figs-hyperbole0on every high hill and under every green treeThese are exaggerations to show that worship of false gods was widespread. Alternate translation: “on high hills and under green trees everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
10492KI1711iv690performed wicked things to provoke Yahweh to angerPossible ways to render this: (1) “did many wicked things that caused Yahweh to become angry” or (2) “did many sinful things that made Yahweh angry”
10502KI1712um9h0about which Yahweh had said to themAlternate translation: “about which Yahweh had warned them”
10512KI1713l95x0Yahweh had testified … by every prophetYahweh spoke through the prophets.
10522KI1713u47j0Turn from your evil waysAlternate translation: “Stop doing the evil things you have been doing”
10532KI1713k7g10I sent to you by my servants the prophetsThe prophets were sent by Yahweh to remind the people of Gods Laws and to obey them.
10542KI1714q3270they were very stubbornThey were unwilling to follow Gods laws and rely on Yahweh as their God.
10552KI1715djv40rejected his statutesThey refused to obey Gods Laws.
10562KI1715wv5m0They followed useless practicesThey followed the practices of the people around them.
10572KI1715e99s0not to imitateAlternate translation: “not to copy”
10582KI1716n1a80cast metal figuresCast metal figures are objects made by pouring melted metal into a form (or mold) to make a shape.
10592KI1717hy710used … enchantmentsused magic to say what would happen in the future
10602KI1717vek9figs-metaphor0sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of YahwehTo “sell themselves” is a metaphor for committing completely to do that which was evil. Alternate translation: “committed themselves to do things that Yahweh said were evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10612KI1718x1zdfigs-metonymy0removed them out of his sight“Sight” is metonymy for being within the attention of Yahweh so he no longer cared for them. Alternate translation: “removed them from his attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10622KI1719p16f0General Information:The summary of Yahwehs judgment on Israel includes how Judah also fell into idolatry.
10632KI1719cg6kfigs-metonymy0JudahThe location “Judah” is metonymy for the people that live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10642KI1720d8a30he afflicted themAlternate translation: “Yahweh punished the Israelites”
10652KI1720g1ycfigs-metonymy0gave them into the hand of those who would take the possession as spoil“Hand” is metonymy for control, power or authority. Alternate translation: “handed them over to those who robbed them of their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10662KI1720vab6figs-metaphor0until he had cast them out of his sight“his sight” is metaphor for attention and caring. Alternate translation: “until he got rid of them all” or “until they were no longer in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10672KI1721f8vifigs-metaphor0He tore Israel“He tore” here is a metaphor for violent removal. Alternate translation: “Yahweh removed the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10682KI1721tq3s0from the royal line of DavidAlternate translation: “from the rule of Davids descendants”
10692KI1721czk60drove Israel away from following YahwehAlternate translation: “turned the people of Israel away from following Yahweh”
10702KI1722e5r70they did not depart from themAlternate translation: “the Israelites did not stop committing these sins” or “they did not turn away from those sins”
10712KI1723j42ufigs-metaphor0so Yahweh removed Israel from his sight“Sight” here is a metaphor for attention and care. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh removed the people of Israel from his attention and care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10722KI1724f8bqtranslate-names0Kuthah … Avva … Hamath … SepharvaimThese are places in the Assyrian empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10732KI1725ka1w0It happened at the beginning of their residence there thatAlternate translation: “When those people first lived there”
10742KI1726k4vb0The nations that you have carried away and placed in the cities of SamariaAlternate translation: “The people you have moved from other lands and sent to live in the cities of Samaria”
10752KI1726k3lc0do not know the practices required by the god of the landAlternate translation: “do not know how to worship the God that the Israelites worshiped in this land”
10762KI1727f22x0Take one of the priests there whom you brought from thereAlternate translation: “Take a priest who came from Samaria back there”
10772KI1727cv650let him teach themAlternate translation: “let the Samaritan priest teach the people who are living there now”
10782KI1730fz4ptranslate-names0Succoth Benoth … Nergal … AshimaThese are the names of gods, both male and female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10792KI1730pu6ztranslate-names0Kuthah … HamathThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10802KI1731dl97translate-names0Nibhaz … TartakThese are the names of gods, both male and female. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10812KI1731s6iwtranslate-names0Avvites … SepharvitesThese are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10822KI1731ksc40burned their children in the fireAlternate translation: “sacrificed their own children” or “burned their children in fire as an offering”
10832KI1732uw4e0TheyThis refers to the pagan people that the king of Assyria moved into the cities of Samaria.
10842KI1734z9z70they persist in their old customsAlternate translation: “they continue in the same habits as before”
10852KI1734t4ss0They neither honor YahwehThe people were only interested in appeasing Yahweh. They were either not interested or not aware Yahweh was interested in a relationship with them.
10862KI1736fm9a0General Information:The summary comes toward the end with an appeal to worship only Yahweh.
10872KI1736xf5kfigs-metonymy0with great power and a raised armThe phrase “raised arm” is metonymy for displaying power and means basically the same thing as “great power.” Alternate translation: “with very great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
10882KI1737q8ze0keep themAlternate translation: “obey them”
10892KI1739gc8w0General Information:The summary now ends with an appeal to worship only Yahweh and a description of the sins of the people.
10902KI1740j2h1figs-metaphor0They would not listen“Listen” here is a metaphor for paying attention and acting on the command. Alternate translation: “They did not obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10912KI1741ne8y0these nations feared YahwehThese nations feared Yahweh only to the point of appeasing him the same way they treated their own gods.
10922KI1741zh690up to this day“and have continued ever since.” The phrase “this day” refers to the time period in which the writer lived.
10932KI18introabci0# 2 Kings 18 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of Hezekiah, one of the great kings of Judah (2 Kings 18 20). Because he was so important, there is more space dedicated to the history of his reign.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trust in Yahweh<br>Hezekiah trusted and obeyed God. He stopped paying tribute to Assyria so the Assyrians invaded Judah. The Assyrian king told the people of Judah that resistance was useless. Despite this, Hezekiah trusted in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
10942KI181an230General Information:Hezekiah becomes king over Judah in place of his father King Ahaz.
10952KI181b49btranslate-names0Hoshea … ElahThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10962KI182u8q8translate-names0ZechariahThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10972KI182zuh6translate-names0AbijahThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10982KI183asi6figs-metaphor0He did what was right in the eyes of Yahweh“In the eyes” here is a metaphor for Yahwehs attention and care. Alternate translation: “King Hezekiah did what was right to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah did things that Yahweh said are right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10992KI184qf1l0He removed the high places, destroyed the stone pillars, and cut down the Asherah polesAlternate translation: “Hezekiah removed the high places of worship, smashed into pieces the memorial stones, and cut down the wooden poles of Asherah”
11002KI184rbd2translate-names0NehushtanThis name could be translated “Bronze Serpent Idol.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11012KI186pl2nfigs-metaphor0he held on to YahwehTo “hold on” is metaphor for staying loyal and attached. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah stayed loyal to Yahweh” or “Hezekiah remained faithful to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11022KI187q5ms0wherever he went he prosperedAlternate translation: “wherever Hezekiah went he was successful”
11032KI188jru20fortified citycity with a wall all around it
11042KI189why1translate-names0Hoshea … Elah … ShalmaneserThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11052KI1811s3p4translate-names0Halah … Habor River … GozanThese are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11062KI1811nn5ttranslate-names0MedesThis is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11072KI1811g59s0So the king of Assyria carried Israel away to AssyriaAlternate translation: “So the king of Assyria commanded his army to take the Israelites away from their homes, and he made them live in Assyria”
11082KI1812u5f8figs-metonymy0the voice of Yahweh“Voice” is metonymy for the message about the command of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the command of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11092KI1813n6yrtranslate-names0SennacheribThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11102KI1813s9ts0fortified citiesCities with walls around them for protection. See how you translated “fortified city” in [2 Kings 18:8](../18/08.md).
11112KI1814bt6ktranslate-names0LachishThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11122KI1814bdx1figs-explicit0Withdraw from meThis expression assumes that “me” represents the kingdom of Hezekiah. Alternate translation: “Take your army out of my territory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11132KI1814fw460Whatever you put on me I will bearAlternate translation: “I will pay you whatever you demand of me”
11142KI1814w755translate-bmoney0talentsThis is the name of type of weight that was used for money. One talent weighted about 33 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
11152KI1815w5qx0treasuriesThis was the place in the palace where money and valuable things were stored.
11162KI1817rw3n0the king of Assyria mobilized his great army, sending Tartan and Rabsaris and the chief commanderSennacherib sent a group of men from his army to Jerusalem to meet with King Hezekiah, including officials named Tartan and Rabsaris.
11172KI1817iz1rtranslate-names0Tartan … RabsarisSome Bibles translate these as proper names. Other versions of the Bible translate them as titles. Alternate translation: “the Tartan … the Rabsaris” or “the leader of the soldier … a court official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11182KI1817hnu8translate-names0LachishThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11192KI1817hq5b0the conduit of the upper poolthe channel where the water stored in the “upper pool” flows into the city of Jerusalem
11202KI1817wj5c0stood by itAlternate translation: “and waited there for King Hezekiah to meet with them”
11212KI1818f4nytranslate-names0Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebna … Joah … AsaphThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11222KI1819fj2efigs-rquestion0What is the source of your confidence?The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypts support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to think that you can defeat me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11232KI1820l4ksfigs-rquestion0In whom are you trusting, that you should rebel against me?The King of Assyria (through his messenger Rabshakeh) wants to make King Hezekiah doubt himself and Egypts support. He does not ask this question looking for an answer. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust anyone to help you rebel against me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11242KI1821l67dfigs-metaphor0walking stick of this bruised reed of EgyptThe King of Assyria compares Egypt to a weak walking stick; you expect that it will support you when you lean on it, but instead it breaks and cuts you. Alternate translation: “the weak support from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11252KI1821vl81figs-metaphor0but if a man leans … and pierce itThe speaker is extending the metaphor by describing what happens when a reed is used as a support. Alternate translation: “but if someone uses this for support, he will be injured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11262KI1822vr43figs-rquestion0is not he the one whose high places … Jerusalem?This question assumes the listeners know the answer and is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You need to remember that he is the one whose high places … Jerusalem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11272KI1824pmx6figs-rquestion0How could you resist even one captain of the least of my masters servants?He asks this question to emphasize that the army of Hezekiah does not have the resources to fight. He also uses exaggeration to mock Hezekiahs army. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “You could not defeat even one of the least of the kings soldiers.” or (2) “You could not defeat a group of the kings soldiers commanded by his least important officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
11282KI1825s1nkfigs-rquestion0Have I traveled up here without Yahweh to fight against this place and destroy it?He asks this question to emphasize that Yahweh is behind his success to obey the command to destroy Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh himself told us to come here and destroy this land!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11292KI1826i5v3translate-names0Eliakim … Hilkiah … Shebnah … JoahTranslate the names of these men as in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11302KI1826t7mkfigs-metonymy0in the ears of the people who are on the wall“In the ears” is metonymy for being able to listen. Alternate translation: “because the people standing on the city wall will hear it and be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11312KI1827kju3figs-rquestion0Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not sent me to the men who sit on the wall, who will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you?He asks these questions assuming the listeners know the answers to emphasize their intention to destroy and humiliate the leaders and people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “My master sent me not only to you and your master, but also to speak to the people in this city, who will suffer with you when they have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine to survive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11322KI1829es79figs-metonymy0from my power“my power” is metonymy for the ability of the king himself. Alternate translation: “from me” or “from the power of my army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11332KI1830x8a6figs-activepassive0this city will not be given into the hand of the king of AssyriaThis can be expressed in an active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will never allow the king of Assyrias army to take this city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11342KI1830zg7sfigs-metonymy0the hand“Hand” is metonymy for control, authority and power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11352KI1831e5tl0Make peace with me and come out to meAlternate translation: “Come out of the city and surrender to me” or “Make an agreement with me to surrender, and come out of the city to me”
11362KI1831c7wefigs-metaphor0his own vine … his own fig tree … his own cisternThese sources of food and water are metaphors for security and plenty. This also was a common way of expressing this idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11372KI1832hw3yfigs-metaphor0a land of grain and new wine … bread and vineyards … olive trees and honeyThese are metaphors for having good things and plenty in daily life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11382KI1833yg4wfigs-rquestion0Has any of the gods … Assyria?He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “None the gods of the peoples have rescued them … Assyria.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11392KI1834v6apfigs-rquestion0Where are the gods of … Arpad?He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “I have destroyed the gods of … Arpad!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11402KI1834vmd2translate-names0Hamath … Arpad … Sepharvaim … Hena … Ivvah … SamariaThese are the names of places that represent the people living there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11412KI1834h7d8figs-metonymy0out of my hand“Hand” is metonymy for control, power, or authority. Alternate translation: “out from my control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11422KI1835tq6tfigs-rquestion0is there any god who has rescued his land from my power?He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “No god has rescued his land from my power.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11432KI1835a9gnfigs-metonymy0from my power“My power” is metonymy for the person whose has the power. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11442KI1835pg2hfigs-rquestion0How could Yahweh save Jerusalem from my might?He asks this question for emphasis because they know the answer. Alternate translation: “There is no way Yahweh can save Jerusalem from my might!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11452KI1837qv1ktranslate-names0Eliakim … Shebna … Joah … AsaphThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11462KI1837ve840who was over the householdAlternate translation: “who managed the kings palace”
11472KI1837ew4c0the recorderAlternate translation: “the history keeper”
11482KI1837k5bu0chief commanderand is the translation of the Hebrew; some see this as a personal name, “Rabshakeh”
11492KI19introabcj0# 2 Kings 19 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods power<br>God is in control of everything. God caused the Assyrian king to fail in conquering Jerusalem because he mocked God.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>“The virgin daughter of Zion” here is an idiom meaning the people of Jerusalem. “The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn” means that “the people of Jerusalem know that Assyria will fail because they have mocked God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11502KI191kae10house of YahwehThis is another way of saying “temple of Yahweh.”
11512KI192aw2htranslate-names0Eliakim … Shebna … Isaiah … AmozThese are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11522KI192vdb30He sent EliakimAlternate translation: “Hezekiah sent Eliakim”
11532KI192jv2y0all covered with sackclothAlternate translation: “all wearing sackcloth”
11542KI193efp50This day is a day of distressAlternate translation: “This is a time of distress”
11552KI193a7nzfigs-metaphor0the children have come to the time of birth, but there is no strength for them to be bornThis is a metaphor to describe how the people and their leaders have become so weak and unable to fight the enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11562KI194nz1q0all the words of the chief commanderAlternate translation: “everything that the chief commander has said”
11572KI194dcy4figs-metaphor0lift up your prayerThis a common way (an idiom) to use the action of lifting to metaphorically represent praying earnestly to Yahweh who is above us. Alternate translation: “pray earnestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11582KI197r6aq0I will put a spirit in him, and he will hear a certain report and go back to his own landAlternate translation: “I will control the attitude of the king of Assyria, so when he hears a report, he will want to return to his own country”
11592KI197y85x0I will put a spirit in him“I will influence his thinking” or “I will cause him to think differently.” Here “spirit” probably refers to his attitude and thoughts, rather than to a spirit being.
11602KI197h1ajfigs-metonymy0I will cause him to fall by the sword“Fall by the sword” is metonymy for being killed. Alternate translation: “I will cause him to die by the sword” or “I will cause some men to kill him with a sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11612KI198qdm50the chief commanderAlternate translation: “the official from Assyria in charge under the king”
11622KI198z9940found the king of Assyria fightingAlternate translation: “discovered that the Assyrian army was fighting”
11632KI198z9m6translate-names0Libnah … LachishThe names of cities in the kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11642KI199qp2vtranslate-names0Sennacherib … TirhakahThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11652KI199v22s0had mobilized to fight against himAlternate translation: “had prepared his army to fight against Assyria”
11662KI199qsw80so he sentAlternate translation: “so Sennacherib sent”
11672KI199mjm30a messageThis message was written in a letter.
11682KI1910gg2n0General Information:This is the message that King Sennacharib of Assyria sent to King Hezekiah.
11692KI1910rv7t0Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, sayingAlternate translation: “Do not believe your God in whom you trust. He is lying when he says”
11702KI1910rl75figs-metonymy0the hand of the king of Assyria“Hand” is metonymy for control, authority or power. Alternate translation: “the control of the government of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11712KI1911yi6z0See, you have heard“Notice, you have heard” or “You have certainly heard.” Here “see” was used to draw attention to what he was about to say next.
11722KI1911rg7kfigs-rquestion0So will you be rescued?Sennacharib used this question to emphasize that God will not be able to rescue them. Alternate translation: “Your God will not rescue you!” or “You will not be able to escape either!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11732KI1912t2qtfigs-rquestion0Have the gods of the nations rescued them, the nations … destroyed: Gozan … Assar?This question assumes Hezekiah knows the answer and provides emphasis. Alternate translation: “The gods of the nations, the nations … destroyed—Gozan … Assar—certainly did not rescue them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11742KI1912qh8k0my fathersAlternate translation: “the previous kings of Assyria” or “the armies of the previous kings of Assyria”
11752KI1912jlk5translate-names0Gozan … Haran … Rezeph … Eden … Tel AssarThese are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11762KI1913qr8ptranslate-names0Hamath … Arpad … Sepharvaim … Hena … IvvahThese are all place names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11772KI1914rl140this letterThis refers to the letter that King Sennacherib of Assyria sent to Hezekiah ([2 Kings 19:8](../19/08.md)).
11782KI1915tj35figs-explicit0you who sit above the cherubimYou may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahwehs footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11792KI1916ww68figs-parallelism0Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listen. Open your eyes, Yahweh, and seeBoth of these sentences urge Yahweh to pay attention to the things that Sennacherib is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
11802KI1916l4xgfigs-doublet0Turn your ear, Yahweh, and listenThe words “Turn your ear” and “listen” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please listen to what he is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
11812KI1916ts43figs-doublet0Open your eyes, Yahweh, and seeThe words “Open your eyes” and “see” mean the same thing and add emphasis to the plea. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, please pay attention to what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
11822KI1918j5ic0They have put their gods into the fireAlternate translation: “The Assyrian kings have burned up the gods of the other nations”
11832KI1918eb8e0Assyrians have destroyed themAlternate translation: “Assyrians have destroyed both the nations and the nations gods”
11842KI1919wfb40I implore youAlternate translation: “I beg of you”
11852KI1919d4770from his powerAlternate translation: “from the power of the King of Assyria” or “from the armies of the King of Assyria”
11862KI1921x6cwfigs-metaphor0The virgin daughter of Zion“Virgin daughter” here is a metaphor for the people of Jerusalem as if they are young, vibrant and beautiful. The term “daughter” was used to give personal characteristics to cities by some biblical writers. Alternate translation: “The beautiful people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
11872KI1921rt7tfigs-parallelism0The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn. The daughter of Jerusalem shakes her head at you.Both of these sentences intend to give the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
11882KI1921nn9vfigs-metaphor0The daughter of Jerusalem“Daughter” is metaphor for the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “The people of the city of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11892KI1921m7lxfigs-metaphor0shakes her head at youThis action is a metaphor to represent disdain at the pride of the Assyrians. Alternate translation: “scorns you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11902KI1922j2srfigs-rquestion0Whom have you defied and insulted? Against whom have you exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride? Against the Holy One of Israel!Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to rebuke Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “You have defied and insulted me! You have exalted your voice and lifted up your eyes in pride against me, the Holy One of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11912KI1922xs5lfigs-metonymy0lifted up your eyes in pride“lifted up your eyes in pride” is metonymy for a haughty or arrogant facial expression. Alternate translation: “looked at very proudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11922KI1922bu8e0the Holy One of IsraelAn expression for the God of Israel, Yahweh.
11932KI1923l4ei0you have defied the LordTo “defy” is to openly resist or mock.
11942KI1923fz73figs-synecdoche0I have gone up … I will cut down … I will enterThese boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun “I” represents him and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11952KI1924q99yfigs-hyperbole0I dried up all the rivers of Egypt under the soles of my feet.This is a boast that Sennacherib has so many soldiers that their feet dry up the water when they cross a river. This is an exaggeration to emphasize the great number of soldiers he has. Alternate translation: “And by marching through the streams of Egypt, we dried them all up!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
11962KI1925r3aifigs-rquestion0Have you not heard how … times?To make the point strongly this question assumes the listener knows the answer. Alternate translation: “Surely you know how … times.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11972KI1925pi5d0impregnable citiesAlternate translation: “cities that cannot be captured” or “cities surrounded by high walls”
11982KI1926cp3zfigs-metaphor0plants in the field, green grassThis metaphor compares the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants. Alternate translation: “as frail as plants and grass in the fields” or “as weak as shallow rooted plants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11992KI1926u3mnfigs-metaphor0the grass on the roof or in the field, burned before it has grown upThis continues the metaphor comparing the weak victims of the Assyrian advance to fragile plants in difficult conditions for growing fully. Alternate translation: “like grass before it has matured” or “like grass before it has grown tall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12002KI1927u4xv0raging against meAlternate translation: “angry shouting about me”
12012KI1928sm7pfigs-metonymy0because your arrogance has reached my ears“Ears” are metonymy for listening or hearing. Alternate translation: “because I have heard your proud words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12022KI1928m3jmfigs-metaphor0I will put my hook in your nose, and my bit in your mouthA “hook” and a “bit” (to control a horse) are metaphors for Yahwehs control of Sennacherib. Alternate translation: “I will lead you like an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12032KI1928c2rzfigs-explicit0I will turn you back the way you cameThat Sennacherib will return home before he can conquer Jerusalem can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12042KI1929gx3t0grows wildAlternate translation: “grows without having been planted”
12052KI1930gtq1figs-metaphor0The remnant of the house of Judah that survives will again take root and bear fruitThis metaphor compares restoration of the remnant to plantings that take hold and produce results. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah who remain alive will restore their lives and prosperity” or “The people who remain in Judah will prosper and have many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12062KI1931q41h0The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do thisAlternate translation: “The strong action of Yahweh will make this happen”
12072KI1932q83ifigs-parallelism0General Information:This is the end of the message from Yahweh, spoken through the prophet Isaiah to King Hezekiah. It uses parallelism throughout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
12082KI1932l47xfigs-metonymy0nor shoot an arrow here“Arrow” is metonymy representing all tools of warfare and destruction. Alternate translation: “nor do any fighting here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12092KI1932u9230or build up a siege ramp against itAlternate translation: “and they will not even build up high mounds of earth against the city wall to enable them to attack the city”
12102KI1933r75cfigs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
12112KI1934pa6n0for my own sake and for my servant Davids sakeAlternate translation: “for the sake of my own reputation and because of what I promised to King David, who served me well”
12122KI1935n87u0It came aboutAlternate translation: “It happened”
12132KI1935g563translate-numbers0185,000 soldiers“one hundred eighty-five thousand soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12142KI1935d5f20When the men aroseAlternate translation: “When the men who were left alive got up”
12152KI1937txi6translate-names0Adrammelek … Sharezer … EsarhaddonThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12162KI20introabck0# 2 Kings 20 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter finishes the story of Hezekiah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hezekiahs additional time<br>God hears the distressed call of his faithful believers. Hezekiah was dying but when he prayed, God gave him 15 more years of life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
12172KI201dhm5figs-metonymy0Set your house in order“House” is metonymy for what was under Hezekiahs control. Alternate translation: “Give final instructions to your household and government” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12182KI203y2ayfigs-idiom0call to mindThis is a common way of speaking, an idiom, urging Yahweh to remember. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12192KI203vts1figs-idiom0walkedThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “lived my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12202KI203mv7zfigs-metaphor0good in your sightHere sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12212KI204ad2vfigs-metonymy0the word of Yahweh came“Word” represents the message Yahweh revealed to Isaiah. This is a common way of speaking, an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh spoke his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12222KI205j5zifigs-parallelism0I have heard your prayer, and I have seen your tearsThe second part reinforces the first part to make one message by using parallelism. Alternate translation: “I have heard your prayers and seen your tears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
12232KI205jaq60on the third dayAlternate translation: “two days from now” The day Isaiah said this was the first day, so “the third day” would be the same as “two days from now.”
12242KI206p9ustranslate-numbers0fifteen years15 years (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12252KI206tej9figs-metonymy0from the hand of the king of Assyria“Hand” is metonymy for power, authority and control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12262KI207y9eu0lump of figsAlternate translation: “paste made of boiled figs”
12272KI207xl9g0They did so and put it on his boilAlternate translation: “Hezekiahs servants did this and put the paste on Hezekiahs sore”
12282KI209kr84figs-explicit0Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps?The source of “the shadow” can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12292KI209wf560ten stepsThis expression refers to the “stairway of Ahaz” in [2 Kings 20:11](../20/11.md). This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the suns rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day.
12302KI2010tm24figs-explicit0It is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten stepsWhy “it is an easy thing” can be stated clearly. “It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal thing for it to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12312KI2011n148figs-explicit0the stairway of AhazThis was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the suns rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. Alternate translation: “the steps that had been built for King Ahaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12322KI2012q3u5translate-names0Marduk-Baladan … BaladanThese are the names of the king of Babylon and his son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12332KI2013dh370listened to those lettersAlternate translation: “carefully considered those letters” or “heard the message from the king of Babylon”
12342KI2013zgg3figs-doublenegatives0There was nothing in his house, nor in all his kingdom, that Hezekiah did not show themHere “There was nothing … did not show them” is an exaggeration used for emphasis. It means Hezekiah showed them all of his most valuable things. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah showed him absolutely everything valuable in his house and in all his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
12352KI2014neq30these menThis refers to the men sent to King Hezekiah with a message and gifts from Marduk-Baladan.
12362KI2015fkx7figs-hyperbole0They have seen everything in my house. There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown themHezekiah repeats the same idea in two ways to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
12372KI2015mau7figs-doublenegatives0There is nothing among my valuable things that I have not shown them“Nothing” and “not” cancel each other out to make the idea positive. This exaggeration is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I showed them absolutely every one of my valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
12382KI2016yw6efigs-explicit0So Isaiah said to HezekiahWhy Isaiah spoke can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “So, because Isaiah knew Hezekiah had been foolish to show the men all his valuable things, Isaiah said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12392KI2016nu7p0the word of YahwehAlternate translation: “the message of Yahweh”
12402KI2017wr4s0Look, the days are about to come when“Listen to me, someday there will come a time when”; “Look” is used to draw attention to what Isaiah is about to tell Hezekiah.
12412KI2017dsd6figs-synecdoche0the days“Days” is synecdoche to refer to an undefined span of time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12422KI2019aw9p0For he thoughtAlternate translation: “Because Hezekiah thought”
12432KI2019jej2figs-rquestion0Will there not be peace and stability in my days?Hezekiah asks this question for emphasis knowing the answer already. Alternate translation: “I can be sure that there will be peace and stability in my days.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12442KI2020fgv70poolA small area of still water for storage
12452KI2020xm9s0conduitA tunnel for carrying the water
12462KI2020v69ifigs-rquestion0are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah?This question is used to remind the reader that these things are recorded. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the history of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12472KI21introabcl0# 2 Kings 21 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods judgment<br>God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>“I will wipe Jerusalem clean, as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down” means “God would completely destroy Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12482KI211cuc4translate-names0HephzibahThe mother of King Manasseh (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12492KI212k3uxfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12502KI212qx6p0like the disgusting thingsAnother possible meaning is “including the disgusting things.”
12512KI213i746figs-metonymy0he rebuilt the high places … he built altars for Baal, made an Asherah poleManasseh would have commanded his workers to do the building for him. Alternate translation: “he had the high places rebuilt … he had altars built for Baal, had an Asherah pole made” or “he had his workers rebuild the high places … he had them build altars for Baal, make an Asherah pole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12522KI214tf5jfigs-metonymy0It is in Jerusalem that my name will be foreverThe name is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem is where I will forever make known who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12532KI215lm3dfigs-explicit0He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of YahwehIt is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate translation: “He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12542KI216nlv5figs-explicit0He caused his son to pass through the fireYou may need to make explicit why he caused his son be put into the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate translation: “He burned his son to death as an offering to his gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12552KI216qw580consulted withAlternate translation: “asked for information from”
12562KI216p47lfigs-metaphor0much evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “many things that were evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “many things that Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12572KI217sss9figs-metonymy0that he had madeManasseh probably did not do the work. His servants would have done the work. Alternate translation: “that Manasseh had ordered his servants to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12582KI217p35nfigs-metonymy0that I will put my name foreverHere Yahweh putting his “name” on the temple represents him designating it as the place to worship him. Alternate translation: “where I want people to worship me forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12592KI218ysn5figs-synecdoche0the feet of IsraelThe feet are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” or “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12602KI219g14qfigs-metonymy0even more than the nations that Yahweh had destroyed before the people of IsraelHere “nations” refers to the people who had lived in the land of Canaan before the Israelites had arrived. Alternate translation: “even more than the people whom Yahweh had destroyed as the people of Israel advanced through the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12612KI2113j6kzfigs-metaphor0stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria, and the plumb line used against the house of AhabThe words “measuring line” and “plumb line” are metaphors for the standards Yahweh uses to judge people. Alternate translation: “judge Jerusalem using the same measure I used when I judged Samaria and the house of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12622KI2113vp2yfigs-metonymy0against SamariaSamaria is the capital city and it represents all the people of the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12632KI2113db7n0plumb linea tool made of a heavy weight and a thin rope used to show if a wall is straight
12642KI2113udx3figs-metonymy0the house of AhabHere “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “the family of Ahab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12652KI2114n7z20I will throw offAlternate translation: “I will abandon” or “I will reject”
12662KI2114nm49figs-synecdoche0give them into the hand of their enemiesHere the “hand” of the enemies refers to their enemies control. Alternate translation: “let their enemies defeat them and take over their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12672KI2116db4v0Moreover, ManassehAlternate translation: “Also, Manasseh” or “In addition, Manasseh”
12682KI2116f4nsfigs-metonymy0Manasseh shed much innocent bloodThe words “shed much innocent blood” are a metonym for killing people violently. It might be best to translate this so the reader understands that other people helped Manasseh do this. Alternate translation: “Manasseh ordered his soldiers to kill many innocent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12692KI2116sx9ufigs-hyperbole0he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another with deathThis hyperbole emphasizes the great number of people Manasseh had killed throughout Jerusalem. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **death**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “dead people.” Alternate translation: “there were very many dead people throughout Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12702KI2116ff48figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12712KI2117ce1pfigs-activepassive0are they not written … Judah?This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how this phrase is translated in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written … Judah.” or “you can find them … Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12722KI2118i542figs-euphemism0slept with his ancestors andThis is a polite way of saying he “died, as his ancestors had, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
12732KI2118rhh9translate-names0the garden of UzzaThis could mean: (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12742KI2118b29btranslate-names0AmonThis is a mans name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12752KI2119np3ntranslate-names0Amon … HaruzThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12762KI2119wqq6translate-names0MeshullemethThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12772KI2119qwh8translate-names0JotbahThis is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12782KI2120xn3zfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12792KI2121hks2figs-metaphor0followed in all the way that his father had walked in“walked in all the ways that his father walked in.” The way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “lived completely the way his father had lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12802KI2122r9960He abandoned YahwehAlternate translation: “He went away from Yahweh” or “He paid no more attention to Yahweh”
12812KI2123km8a0conspired against himAlternate translation: “made plans and worked together to harm him”
12822KI2124pwu1figs-hyperbole0the people of the landThis is a generalization. Alternate translation: “some of the people in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
12832KI2124nj330conspired against“made plans and worked together to harm.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:23](../21/23.md).
12842KI2125zcb6figs-activepassive0are they not written … Judah?This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are written … Judah.” or “you can find them … Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12852KI2126zpi6translate-names0the garden of UzzaThis could mean: (1) “the garden that had once belonged to a man named Uzza” or (2) “Uzza Garden.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 21:18](../21/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12862KI22introabcm0# 2 Kings 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The law<br>The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiahs lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
12872KI221gp47translate-numbers0thirty-one years“31 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12882KI221ne6ntranslate-names0JedidahThis is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12892KI221wgp7translate-names0AdaiahThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12902KI221vv8dtranslate-names0BozkathThis is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12912KI222q688figs-metonymy0He did what was right in the eyes of YahwehHere “eyes” represents Yahwehs thoughts or what he considered about something. Alternate translation: “He did what Yahweh considered to be right” or “He did what was right according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12922KI222ly8gfigs-metaphor0He walked in all the way of David his ancestor“He walked in all the ways of David his ancestor” Josiah behaving as David did is spoken of as if he walked on the same road or way as David. Alternate translation: “He lived the way David his ancestor had lived” or “He followed the example of David his ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12932KI222n1m8figs-metaphor0he did not turn away either to the right or to the leftTo fully obey Yahweh is spoken of as if a person were on the correct road and never turned from it. Alternate translation: “he did not do anything that would displease Yahweh” or “he fully obeyed all the laws of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12942KI223p4bf0It came about thatIf your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here.
12952KI223hab4translate-ordinal0the eighteenth year“Eighteenth” is the ordinal form of 18. Alternate translation: “year 18” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
12962KI223kxh4translate-names0Shaphan … Azaliah … MeshullamThese are mens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12972KI224alb50Go up to HilkiahThe phrase “Go up” is used because Yahwehs temple was higher in elevation than where King Josiah was located. Alternate translation: “Go to Hilkiah”
12982KI224dub3translate-names0HilkiahThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12992KI224sf26figs-activepassive0that has been brought into the house of Yahweh, which the temple guards have gathered from the peopleIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the temple guards who gathered the money from the people brought into the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13002KI224xz1u0house of YahwehThis is another name for the “temple” (verse 3).
13012KI225g4kj0house of Yahweh … in the templeHere “house of Yahweh” and “temple” mean the same thing.
13022KI225xuv8figs-synecdoche0Let it be given into the hand of the workmenHere “hand” represents the workmen as a whole. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13032KI226i3130Let them give moneyHere “them” refers to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md).
13042KI226r9kj0the carpenters, the builders, and the masonsThese are the same as the workmen who are in the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md). Here the workers are described in more detail.
13052KI226j71y0carpentersworkers who build with wood
13062KI226ql4r0masonsworkers who build with stone
13072KI227ieq60was given to them … because they handledHere “them” and “they” refer to the workmen who are in charge of the house of Yahweh in [2 Kings 22:5](../22/05.md).
13082KI227hkm7figs-activepassive0no accounting was required for the money that was given to themIf your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the workmen who were in charge did not have to report how they used the money that the temple guards gave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13092KI227dt6w0because they handled it faithfullyAlternate translation: “because they used the money honestly”
13102KI228hf68translate-names0HilkiahThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 18:18](../18/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13112KI228n1xt0the book of the lawMost likely these laws were written on a scroll. A scroll was a type of book made of one long, rolled-up sheet of papyrus or leather.
13122KI229xt1wfigs-synecdoche0given it into the hand of the workmenHere “hand” represents the workmen as a whole. Alternate translation: “given it to the workmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13132KI2211jl4t0It came about thatIf your language has a way to mark the beginning of a new part of the story, consider using it here.
13142KI2211nye3figs-metonymy0had heard the words of the lawHere “words” represents the message of the law. Alternate translation: “had heard the laws that were written in the book” or “had heard the laws that were written in the scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13152KI2211d65ntranslate-symaction0he tore his clothesThis is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13162KI2212qm31translate-names0Ahikam … Shaphan … Akbor … Micaiah … AsaiahThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13172KI2213xl330Go and consult with YahwehIt is made clear in 22:14 that the king means for the men to go to the prophetess of Yahweh to determine Yahwehs will.
13182KI2213r8230consultto go to someone to ask for advice
13192KI2213u6anfigs-synecdoche0the words of this book that has been foundHere “words” represents the laws. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the laws in this book that Hilkiah has found” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13202KI2213u2jpfigs-metaphor0For great is the anger of Yahweh that has been kindled against usYahwehs anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh is very angry with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13212KI2213e5fifigs-activepassive0all that was written concerning usThis refers to the law that was given to Israel. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all that Moses wrote in the law that we should do” or “all the laws that God gave through Moses to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13222KI2214hj95translate-names0HuldahThis is a womans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13232KI2214lc23translate-names0Shallum … Tikvah … HarhasThese are mens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13242KI2214fia70keeper of the wardrobeThis could mean: (1) the person who took care of the clothing that priests wore in the temple or (2) the person who took care of the kings clothing.
13252KI2214at8lfigs-explicit0she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarterHere “second quarter” refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, “second” is the ordinal form of 2. Alternate translation: “she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city” or “she lived in the new part of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
13262KI2215lf4s0the man who sent you to meHere “the man” refers to King Josiah.
13272KI2216y4stfigs-metaphor0I will bring disaster to this place and to its inhabitantsYahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that he could bring to a place. Alternate translation: “I will cause terrible things to happen to this place and to those who live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13282KI2216p6qxfigs-synecdoche0to this place“to Jerusalem.” This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate translation: “to Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13292KI2217syg8figs-metaphor0my anger has been kindled against this place, and it will not be extinguishedYahwehs anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that was lit. Alternate translation: “my anger against this place is like a fire that cannot be put out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13302KI2217c75rfigs-metonymy0this placeHere “place” represents the people who live in Jerusalem and Judah. Alternate translation: “these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13312KI2218a12hfigs-metonymy0About the words that you heardHere “words” represents the message that Huldah just spoke. Alternate translation: “About the message that you heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13322KI2219cu8xfigs-metonymy0because your heart was tenderHere “heart” represents a persons inner being. Feeling sorry is spoken of as if the heart were tender. Alternate translation: “because you felt sorry” or “because you repented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13332KI2219ef3wfigs-abstractnouns0that they would become a desolation and a curseThe abstract nouns “desolation” and “curse” can be stated as an adjective and a verb. Alternate translation: “that I would make the land desolate and would curse them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13342KI2219tca8translate-symaction0torn your clothesThis is a symbolic action that indicates intense grief or sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13352KI2219u682figs-123person0this is Yahwehs declarationYahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 19:33](../19/33.md). Alternate translation: “this is what Yahweh has declared” or “this is what I, Yahweh, have declared” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
13362KI2220t38r0General Information:This is the end of the message from Yahweh to King Josiah through the prophetess Huldah.
13372KI2220cn5jfigs-parallelism0See, I will gather you to your ancestors, and you will be gathered to your grave in peaceBoth statements mean basically the same thing. They are polite ways of saying he will die. Alternate translation: “So I will allow you to die and be buried peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
13382KI2220qgs2figs-metonymy0Your eyes will not seeHere “will not see” represents not experiencing something. Alternate translation: “You will not experience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13392KI2220mc6nfigs-synecdoche0Your eyesHere “eyes” represents the whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13402KI2220j2cnfigs-metaphor0the disaster that I will bring upon this placeYahweh causing terrible things to happen is spoken of as if disaster were an object that Yahweh would bring to a place. Alternate translation: “the terrible things I will cause to happen in this place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13412KI23introabcn0# 2 Kings 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Josiah ends in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ending idolatry<br>Josiah destroyed idolatry in Judah and in the deserted areas of Israel. But he fought against Egypt and was killed in battle. After his death, Egypt set up a government of Judah that it controlled.
13422KI232yx5sfigs-hyperbole0all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of JerusalemThis is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
13432KI232bw8gfigs-merism0from small to greatThis merism includes everyone in between. Alternate translation: “from the least important to the most important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
13442KI232k1ai0He then read in their hearingAlternate translation: “Then the king read aloud so that they could hear”
13452KI232wxs2figs-activepassive0that had been foundIn [2 Kings 22:8](../22/08.md) it states that Hilkiah found the book. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Hilkiah had found” or “that they had found” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13462KI233lg2wfigs-metaphor0walk after YahwehThe way a person lives is spoken of as if that person were walking on a path, and “to walk after” someone is a metonym for doing what that other person does or wants others to do. Alternate translation: “live obeying Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13472KI233v7nffigs-doublet0his commandments, his regulations, and his statutesThese words all share similar meanings. Together they emphasize everything that Yahweh had commanded in the law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
13482KI233jl5afigs-idiom0with all his heart and all his soulThe idiom “with all his heart” means “completely” and “with all his soul” means “with all his being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “with all his being” or “with all his energy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
13492KI233lb9cfigs-activepassive0that were written in this bookThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that this book contained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13502KI233ecz5figs-idiom0stand by the covenantThis idiom means to “obey the terms of the covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13512KI234sx3u0the priests under himAlternate translation: “the other priests who served him”
13522KI234vy6i0gatekeepersmen who guarded the gates to the temple
13532KI234i5uk0for Baal … for all the starsAlternate translation: “so people could use them to worship Baal … so people could use them to worship all the stars”
13542KI234vje6figs-metonymy0He burned … and carriedThe word “he” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “he had them burn them … and carry them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13552KI234qsq2translate-names0Kidron Valley … Bethelnames of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13562KI235i5fzfigs-metonymy0He got ridThe word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them get rid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13572KI235p31g0to Baal, to the sun and the moon, to the planets, and to all the starsAlternate translation: “as a way to worship Baal, the sun and the moon, the planets, and all the stars”
13582KI236ueh3figs-metonymy0He brought out … and burned it … He beat it … and threwThe word “he” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them bring out … and burn it … He had them beat it … and throw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13592KI237vc4cfigs-metonymy0He clearedThe word “He” refers to Josiah. He would have commanded his workers to do these things. Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them clear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13602KI237qn4w0wove garmentsAlternate translation: “made clothes”
13612KI238rlc8figs-metonymy0Josiah brought … and defiled … He destroyedJosiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He commanded them to bring … and to defile … He had them destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13622KI238uxq7translate-names0Geba … Beershebanames of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13632KI238y8lj0Joshua (the city governor)“the city ruler named Joshua” or “the city leader named Joshua.” This is a different Joshua from the Joshua in the Old Testament Book of Joshua.
13642KI239j64s0their brothersHere “brothers” refers to their fellow priests who served at the temple.
13652KI2310yh8etranslate-names0Topheth … Ben Hinnomplace names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13662KI2310dx370cause his son or his daughter to pass through the fire as a sacrifice to MolechAlternate translation: “put his son or his daughter in the fire and burn them as an offering to Molech”
13672KI2311x7tvfigs-explicit0He took awayIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13682KI2311c4zx0the horsesThis could mean: (1) real horses or (2) statues of horses.
13692KI2311vq7rfigs-metonymy0had given to the sunHere “given” represents being dedicated for worship. Alternate translation: “had used to worship the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13702KI2311b1bhtranslate-names0Nathan-Meleka mans name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13712KI2312ct7rfigs-metonymy0Josiah the king destroyed … Josiah smashed … and threwJosiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “Josiah the king commanded them to destroy … He had them smash … had them throw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13722KI2312xs4wfigs-metonymy0the kings of Judah had made … Manasseh had madeManasseh and the kings of Judah probably commanded their workers to make these things. Alternate translation: “the kings of Judah had their workers make … Manasseh had his workers make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13732KI2312dwd6translate-names0Kidron Valleyplace name. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13742KI2313d24cfigs-metonymy0The king ruinedJosiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them ruin … He had them break … they filled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13752KI2313uf9zfigs-metonymy0Solomon the king of Israel had builtSolomon would have commanded his workers to do these things. Alternate translation: “Solomon the king of Israel had his workers build” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13762KI2314wk4zfigs-metonymy0He broke … he filledJosiah would have commanded his workers to do these things. It is likely that Hilkiah and the priests who assisted him did these things. Alternate translation: “He had them break … they filled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13772KI2314kaf7figs-explicit0filled those places with the bones of human beings“covered the ground with human bones so people could not use it as a shrine anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13782KI2315q6gcfigs-explicit0Josiah also completely destroyed … He also burned … and beat … He also burnedIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13792KI2316i3m80spoke of these things beforehandAlternate translation: “had said that these things would happen”
13802KI2317ma410monumentmarker or statue that honors a person. A tomb is one kind of monument.
13812KI2318wbg10So they let his bones alone, along with the bones ofAlternate translation: “So they did not touch his bones or the bones of”
13822KI2319fe2vfigs-explicit0Josiah removed … He didIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13832KI2319q3bsfigs-explicit0the kings of Israel had madeIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, probably the kings workers, might have helped the kings make these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13842KI2319g6dz0what had been doneAlternate translation: “what he had done”
13852KI2320i9c6figs-explicit0He slaughtered … he burnedIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and “the priests under him” ([2 Kings 23:4](../23/04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13862KI2320ub7sfigs-explicit0he burned human bones on themYou may need to make explicit why he burned the bones. “he burned human bones on them so no one would use them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13872KI2321f44h0Keep the PassoverAlternate translation: “You must celebrate the Passover”
13882KI2322rbl1figs-activepassive0Such a Passover celebration had never been held from the days ofThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Israel had not celebrated the Passover festival in such a great way in the time of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13892KI2322qy57figs-metonymy0ruled IsraelThe name “Israel” is a metonym for “the descendants of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13902KI2322m8ft0the days of the kings of Israel or JudahAlternate translation: “the time when the people of Israel had their own king and the people of Judah had their own king”
13912KI2323elp8figs-activepassive0this Passover of Yahweh was celebratedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah celebrated this Passover of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13922KI2324j8ze0banished … spiritsAlternate translation: “forced those … spirits to leave” or “made a law that those … spirits had to leave”
13932KI2324lu650those who talked with the dead or with spiritsSee how you translated “those who talked with the dead and … those who talked with spirits,” in [2 Kings 21:6](../21/06.md).
13942KI2324b9hr0fetishesthings that people wrongly believe have special power
13952KI2325tg6s0who turned to YahwehAlternate translation: “who gave himself completely to Yahweh”
13962KI2325evf30Nor did any king like Josiah arise after himAlternate translation: “And since then there has never been a king who was like Josiah”
13972KI2326p9h50NeverthelessThe writer uses this word to show that even though all of these things that Josiah did were good, Yahweh was still angry with Judah.
13982KI2326cls6figs-metaphor0Yahweh did not turn away from the burning of his fierce anger, which burned againstFire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh did not stop being fierce because he was angry with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13992KI2326a2wd0had done to provoke himAlternate translation: “had done to cause him to be angry”
14002KI2327d6xf0out of my sightAlternate translation: “from where I am” or “from being near me”
14012KI2327bsh5figs-metonymy0My name will be thereThe name is a metonym for the honor that people should give to the person. Alternate translation: “People should worship me there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14022KI2328h614figs-activepassive0are they not written … Judah?This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “you can find them … Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14032KI2329sap60In his days, Pharaoh Necho, king of EgyptAlternate translation: “During the time of Josiah, Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt”
14042KI2329k8gdtranslate-names0Necho … MegiddoNecho is the name of a man. Megiddo is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14052KI2331sf3ptranslate-numbers0twenty-three years old“23 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
14062KI2331m2m9translate-names0HamutalThis is a womans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14072KI2331k16ltranslate-names0LibnahThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14082KI2332z2g6figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14092KI2333e9hvtranslate-names0Riblah … HamathThese are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14102KI2333aw37figs-metonymy0put him in chainsBeing put “in chains” represents being captured and imprisoned. Alternate translation: “put him in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14112KI2333iwc70fined JudahAlternate translation: “forced the people of Judah to give him”
14122KI2333g4w9translate-bmoney0one hundred talents … one talentA talent was about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “3,300 kilograms…33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
14132KI2335i68u0Jehoikim taxed the landAlternate translation: “Jehoikim collected taxes from the people who owned land”
14142KI2335v24z0people of the landThis could mean: (1) “the people who lived in the land of Judah” or (2) “the richest and most powerful of those who lived in Judah.”
14152KI2336s72qtranslate-names0ZebidahThis is a womans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14162KI2336gz76translate-names0PedaiahThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14172KI2336j958translate-names0RumahThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14182KI2337b992figs-metaphor0did what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14192KI24introabco0# 2 Kings 24 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>These last two chapters are the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Gods punishment<br>God punished Judah because of their sin. The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and carry away all the craftsmen, soldiers and wealthy. They make Zedekiah the king. He was not truly a king because he lacked absolute authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
14202KI241n2cj0In Jehoiakims daysAlternate translation: “During the time that Jehoiakim ruled Judah”
14212KI241wre8figs-explicit0attacked JudahYou may need to make explicit what happened after Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah. Alternate translation: “attacked and defeated Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14222KI242bf6xfigs-activepassive0This was in conformity with the word of Yahweh that had been spoken through his servants the prophetsThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “This was according to the word of Yahweh that his servants the prophets had spoken” or “This was exactly what Yahweh had told his servants the prophets to say would happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14232KI243d3570It was certainly at the mouth of YahwehSome versions have, “It was certainly because of the wrath of Yahweh,” which is just as good a reading of the original text. If translators have access to versions in major languages in their region, they should probably follow their choice.
14242KI243nnw7figs-metonymy0at the mouth of YahwehHere “mouth” represents Yahwehs command. Alternate translation: “as Yahweh had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14252KI243eb3l0remove them out of his sightAlternate translation: “get rid of them” or “destroy them”
14262KI244bik2figs-metonymy0innocent blood that he shedBlood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “innocent people whom he killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14272KI244xy8vfigs-metonymy0he filled Jerusalem with innocent bloodBlood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “he killed many innocent people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14282KI245en3pfigs-activepassive0are they not written … Judah?This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are indeed written … Judah.” or “you can find them … Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14292KI246nt1zfigs-euphemism0slept with his ancestorsSleeping is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “died and was buried along with his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
14302KI247yjf20The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his landAlternate translation: “The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack other people groups”
14312KI248zka9translate-names0Nehushta … ElnathanNehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14322KI249w6b8figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14332KI249gi6bfigs-hyperbole0he did all that his father had doneHere “all” is a generalization. It means he did the same sinful things as his father. Alternate translation: “he committed the same kinds of sins his father had committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
14342KI2412ish3figs-explicit0Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officersYou may need to make explicit why Jehoiachin went out to meet Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate translation: “Jehoiachin the king of Judah, with his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers, went out to where the king of Babylon was, to surrender to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14352KI2412k4kt0The king of Babylon captured him in the eighth year of his own reignAlternate translation: “After the king of Babylon had been king for more than seven years, he captured Jehoiachin”
14362KI2413g1jxfigs-explicit0Solomon king of Israel had madeYou might want to translate this so the reader understands that Solomon might have had others help him do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14372KI2414k5cpfigs-metonymy0He took into exile all JerusalemHere “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people who lived there. And, “all” is a generalization. It means all the most important people Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar took all the important people away from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
14382KI2414bf1n0the craftsmen and the smithsAlternate translation: “the men who knew how to make and repair things that are made from metal”
14392KI2414fyh1figs-doublenegatives0No one was left except the poorest people in the landThis can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “Only the poorest people in the land still lived there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
14402KI2416bz73translate-numbers0seven thousand … one thousand“7,000…1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
14412KI2417h6dytranslate-names0MattaniahThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14422KI2418s1s8translate-numbers0twenty-one … eleven“21…11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
14432KI2418qfp6translate-names0HamutalThis is a womans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14442KI2418zy1qtranslate-names0JeremiahThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14452KI2418fxr8translate-names0LibnahThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14462KI2419wr7qfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of YahwehThe sight of Yahweh represents Yahwehs judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahwehs judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14472KI25introabcp0# 2 Kings 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Zedekiahs revolt<br>Zedekiah revolted against the Babylonians, so they came and completely destroyed Jerusalem. They tore down the city walls and took the rest of the people to Babylon as slaves, except the very poorest people remained.
14482KI251pl4ltranslate-ordinal0in the ninth year(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
14492KI251j1c4translate-ordinal0in the tenth month, and on the tenth day of the monthThis is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of December on Western calendars. This is during the cold season when there may be rain and snow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
14502KI251ty29figs-metonymy0came with all his army against JerusalemThe name “Jerusalem” is a metonym for the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “came with his whole army to fight against the people of Jerusalem” or “came with his whole army to conquer Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14512KI253c39xtranslate-ordinal0the ninth day of the fourth monthThis is the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of June on Western calendars. This is during the dry season when there is very little or no rain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
14522KI253x5hf0the people of the landThese are the inhabitants of Jerusalem, including refugees from the surrounding villages that fled to Jerusalem when the war started.
14532KI254hev4figs-activepassive0Then the city was broken intoThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then the Babylonian army broke into the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14542KI254c1y10all the fighting menAlternate translation: “all the warriors”
14552KI254yt640by the way of the gateAlternate translation: “by using the gate”
14562KI254sg4r0the ChaldeansSome translations use “Chaldeans” and others use “Babylonians.” Both terms refer to the same people group.
14572KI254v6j30The king went in the direction ofAlternate translation: “King Zedekiah also fled and he went toward”
14582KI255mvz1figs-activepassive0All his army was scattered away from himThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “His whole army ran away from him” or “The Chaldeans chased away his whole army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14592KI256i9b9translate-names0RiblahThis is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14602KI256r5qj0passed sentence on himAlternate translation: “decided what they would do to punish him”
14612KI257fh5sfigs-synecdoche0they slaughtered them before his eyesThe eyes are synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “they forced king Zedekiah to watch them kill his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14622KI257v1mafigs-explicit0he put out his eyes“Nebuchadnezzar put out Zedekiahs eyes.” It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped Nebuchadnezzar do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14632KI258xvy1translate-ordinal0in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the monthThis is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. The seventh day is near the end of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
14642KI258b969translate-ordinal0the nineteenth yearThis is the ordinal form of the number 19. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
14652KI258yy9vtranslate-names0NebuzaradanThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14662KI2510dj6i0As for all the walls around Jerusalem, allAlternate translation: “This is what happened to all the walls around Jerusalem: all”
14672KI2510pp2x0who were underAlternate translation: “who were following the orders of”
14682KI2511x6c30As for the rest of the people … city, thoseAlternate translation: “This is what happened to the rest of the people … city: those”
14692KI2511xm950the rest of the people who were left in the cityAlternate translation: “the people who remained in the city”
14702KI2511i3y20deserted to the kingAlternate translation: “left the city and gone to be with the king”
14712KI2513uaq20As for the bronze pillars … Yahweh, the ChaldeansAlternate translation: “This is what happened to the bronze pillars … Yahweh: the Chaldeans”
14722KI2513ph6f0the standsThis refers to the large, moveable bronze stands with bronze wheels and axles. “the moveable bronze stands” or “the bronze stands with wheels”
14732KI2513l5um0the bronze seaAlternate translation: “the large bronze basin”
14742KI2513vyc70broke them into piecesAlternate translation: “cut them into pieces” or “chopped them up into small pieces”
14752KI2514tfz80shovelsA shovel was a tool that was used to clean the altar, typically used to move big piles of dirt, sand, or ashes.
14762KI2514fkz80with which the priests had served in the templeAlternate translation: “which the priests had used in the temple service”
14772KI2515sgl1figs-explicit0The pots for removing ashesYou may need to make explicit which ashes are spoken of. Alternate translation: “The pots that were used for removing ashes from the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14782KI2516j7af0the sea“the large bronze basin.” See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:13](../25/13.md).
14792KI2516ser30the standsSee how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:13](../25/13.md).
14802KI2517ak56translate-bdistance0eighteen cubits … three cubitsA cubit was 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “about 8.3 meters … about 1.4 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
14812KI2517g6qb0a capital of bronzeAlternate translation: “an artistic, bronze design” or “a bronze piece with designs”
14822KI2517c2rf0latticeworkThis was a design made of crossed strips that looked like a net.
14832KI2517gr5z0all made of bronzeAlternate translation: “completely made of bronze”
14842KI2518nm6x0The commander of the bodyguardSee how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](../25/08.md).
14852KI2518p8z8translate-names0SeraiahThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14862KI2518nq3n0the second priestThese words refer to Zephaniah. Another possible meaning is “the priest under Seraiah.”
14872KI2518ske80gatekeepersSee how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:10](../07/10.md).
14882KI2519ydp70took prisonerAlternate translation: “captured and kept from escaping”
14892KI2519v5sk0an officer who was in charge of soldiersOther translations may read “a eunuch who was in charge of soldiers.” A eunuch is a man whose private parts have been removed.
14902KI2519jax70officer responsible for drafting men into the armyThis could mean: (1) the officer forced men to become soldiers or (2) the officer wrote down the names of the men who became soldiers.
14912KI2520qh760NebuzaradanThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:8](../25/08.md).
14922KI2520cl9d0RiblahThis is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 25:6](../25/06.md).
14932KI2521dxm3figs-euphemism0put them to deathThis is a polite way of saying “killed them.” It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped the king do this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14942KI2521b7iy0In this way, Judah went out of its land into exileAlternate translation: “So Judah was taken into exile out of its land”
14952KI2521u6llfigs-metonymy0Judah went out of its landJudah, the name of the people group, is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah went out of their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14962KI2522k15wtranslate-names0Gedaliah … Ahikam … ShaphanThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14972KI2523yzs4translate-names0Ishmael … Nethaniah … Johanan … Kareah … Seraiah … Tanhumeth … JaazaniahThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14982KI2523ww42translate-names0NetophathiteThis refers to a person who is a descendant of a man named Netophah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14992KI2523ytq9translate-names0MaakathiteThis refers to a person who comes from a place called Maakah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15002KI2525cfc4translate-hebrewmonths0the seventh monthThis is the seventh month on the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
15012KI2525bt4ctranslate-names0ElishamaThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15022KI2526n8hsfigs-hyperbole0all the peopleThis is a generalization. Alternate translation: “many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
15032KI2526u3mgfigs-merism0from the least to the greatestThis is a merism that means “everyone,” which is a generalization. Alternate translation: “from the least important to the most important” or “everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
15042KI2527y9pctranslate-ordinal0in the thirty-seventh year(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
15052KI2527ggr6translate-hebrewmonths0in the twelfth month, on the twenty-seventh day of the monthThis is the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-seventh day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
15062KI2527wz2btranslate-names0Awel-MardukThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15072KI2528kh12figs-metonymy0a seat more honorable than that of the other kingsGiving a good place at the dining table is a metonym for honoring him. Alternate translation: “more honor than the other kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15082KI2529e7s6figs-metonymy0removed Jehoiachins prison clothesThe act of removing Jehoiachins prison clothes represents making him a free man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15092KI2529ahi60at the kings tableAlternate translation: “with the king and his officials”
15102KI2530i56qfigs-activepassive0A regular food allowance was given to himThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king made sure that he had a regular food allowance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15112KI2530pi4e0A regular food allowanceAlternate translation: “Money to buy food”