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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ugg/src/branch/master/content/conjunction.rst
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.. _conjunction:
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Conjunction
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===========
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Summary
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-------
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-summary.rst
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Article
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-------
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Koiné Greek contains many conjunctions, but the two most common conjunctions in the New Testament are και ("and, also") and δε ("but, and").
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Sometimes in Koiné Greek conjunctions are combined with other words (called "krasis") to form compound terms.
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These are not the same as compound conjunctions.
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.. include:: includes/compound_terms.rst
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-categories.rst
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Form
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~~~~
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Conjunctions in Koiné Greek can appear as stand-alone words or be combined with other words to form a compound term.
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.. _conjunction-compound:
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Compound conjunctions
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A compound conjunction is formed from two separate conjunctions that appear together at the beginning of a sentence.
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/compound_terms.rst
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/notes/conjunction-compound.rst
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Function
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~~~~~~~~
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Conjunctions can express any of the following connective relationships.
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This is not a complete list, but it represents the major categories of meaning for conjunctions in Koiné Greek.
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.. _conjunction-conjunctive:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-conjunctive.rst
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Matthew 16:5
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Καὶ ἐλθόντες οἱ [d]μαθηταὶ εἰς τὸ πέραν ἐπελάθοντο ἄρτους λαβεῖν.
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Matthew 16:13
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Ἐλθὼν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὰ μέρη Καισαρείας τῆς Φιλίππου
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.. _conjunction-alternative:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-alternative.rst
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Matthew 5:35
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ὅτι πόλις ἐστὶν τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως
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Mark 12:14
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ἔξεστιν [p]δοῦναι κῆνσον Καίσαρι ἢ οὔ; δῶμεν ἢ μὴ δῶμεν;
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Mark 13:35
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οὐκ οἴδατε γὰρ πότε ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας ἔρχεται, [au]ἢ ὀψὲ ἢ [av]μεσονύκτιον ἢ ἀλεκτοροφωνίας ἢ πρωΐ
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.. _conjunction-contrastive:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-contrastive.rst
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Matthew 6:6
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σὺ δὲ ὅταν προσεύχῃ, εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ ταμεῖόν σου καὶ κλείσας τὴν θύραν σου
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Acts 1:8
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ἀλλὰ λήμψεσθε δύναμιν ἐπελθόντος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς
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.. _conjunction-causal:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-causal.rst
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Romans 3:28
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λογιζόμεθα [k]γὰρ [l]δικαιοῦσθαι πίστει ἄνθρωπον χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου.
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Acts 1:5
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ὅτι Ἰωάννης μὲν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι, ὑμεῖς δὲ [b]ἐν πνεύματι βαπτισθήσεσθε ἁγίῳ
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.. _causal-result:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/causal-result.rst
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Matthew 1:22
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τοῦτο δὲ ὅλον γέγονεν ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν [k]ὑπὸ κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου
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Romans 1:11
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ἐπιποθῶ γὰρ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἵνα τι μεταδῶ χάρισμα ὑμῖν πνευματικὸν
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Luke 1:34
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Πῶς ἔσται τοῦτο, ἐπεὶ ἄνδρα οὐ γινώσκω;
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.. _causal-purpose:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/causal-purpose.rst
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Luke 1:44
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Μὴ φοβοῦ, Μαριάμ, εὗρες γὰρ χάριν παρὰ τῷ θεῷ·
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Matthew 2:18
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Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν
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Luke 1:13
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Μὴ φοβοῦ, Ζαχαρία, διότι εἰσηκούσθη ἡ δέησίς σου
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.. _conjunction-conditional:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-conditional.rst
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Luke 16:31
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Εἰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἀκούουσιν, οὐδ’ ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ πεισθήσονται.
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#2
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#3
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.. _conditional-hypothetical:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conditional-hypothetical.rst
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Luke 17:2
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λυσιτελεῖ αὐτῷ εἰ [d]λίθος μυλικὸς περίκειται περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔρριπται εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ἢ ἵνα σκανδαλίσῃ [e]τῶν μικρῶν τούτων ἕνα.
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Luke 17:6
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Εἰ ἔχετε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐλέγετε ἂν τῇ συκαμίνῳ ταύτῃ·
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Matthew 11:21
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ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ μετενόησαν.
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.. _conditional-actual:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conditional-actual.rst
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Matthew 4:3
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Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται.
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Mark 11:25
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ἀφίετε εἴ τι ἔχετε κατά τινος
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Romans 2:25
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ἐὰν δὲ παραβάτης νόμου ᾖς, ἡ περιτομή σου ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν
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.. _conjunction-simultaneous:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-simultaneous.rst
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Luke 1:32
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οὗτος ἔσται μέγας καὶ υἱὸς Ὑψίστου κληθήσεται
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Luke 1:41
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καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν [t]τὸν ἀσπασμὸν τῆς Μαρίας ἡ Ἐλισάβετ, ἐσκίρτησεν τὸ βρέφος ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ αὐτῆς
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.. _conjunction-explicative:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-explicative.rst
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#1
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#2
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#3
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.. _conjunction-concessive:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-concessive.rst
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#1
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#2
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#3
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.. _conjunction-restrictive:
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-restrictive.rst
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#1
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#2
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#3
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.. _conjunction-asseverative
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/conjunction-asseverative.rst
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.. csv-table:: Example: ROM 15:25
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νυνὶ δὲ πορεύομαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ
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nyni de poreuomai eis Ierousalēm
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now but I am going into Jerusalem
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but now I am going to Jerusalem
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Matthew 26:65
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τότε ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ
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