Change "Hebrew" to "Aramaic"
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@ -8,28 +8,28 @@ Definiteness
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Summary
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-------
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The concept of definiteness in Biblical Hebrew is a way of referring to a person(s) or thing(s).
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The concept of definiteness in Biblical Aramaic is a way of referring to a person(s) or thing(s).
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Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and participles can be either definite or indefinite, depending on several factors.
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Article
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-------
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In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`nouns<noun>` and :ref:`pronouns<pronoun>` either can be definite on the basis of their own intrinsic nature
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In Biblical Aramaic, :ref:`nouns<noun>` and :ref:`pronouns<pronoun>` either can be definite on the basis of their own intrinsic nature
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or can be made definite by some linguistic marking or grammatical construction.
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Generally speaking, :ref:`adjectives<adjective>` and participles (both :ref:`active<participle_active>`
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and :ref:`passive<participle_passive>`) are always intrinsically indefinite, but they can be made definite by an attached
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:ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>` or :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`,
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or by being connected to a definite noun in a construct relationship.
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As a general summary, definiteness in Biblical Hebrew functions in the following ways:
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As a general summary, definiteness in Biblical Aramaic functions in the following ways:
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1) to designate a specific person/thing, or a class of person(s)/thing(s) that are intrinsically definite;
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2) to match a noun to its accompanying descriptor (often with adjectives or participles);
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3) to introduce a relative clause (often with participles); and/or
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4) to indicate a :ref:`superlative<adjective-superlative>` or :ref:`demonstrative<pronoun_demonstrative>` (especially in regard to time) referent.
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However, these are only general designations and do not represent a comprehesive list.
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.. note:: The concept of definiteness works differently in various languages; therefore, definite/indefinite terms should always be translated from Biblical Hebrew into other languages with great sensitivity to the context of each individual use and according to the conventions of definiteness in the target language.
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.. note:: The concept of definiteness works differently in various languages; therefore, definite/indefinite terms should always be translated from Biblical Aramaic into other languages with great sensitivity to the context of each individual use and according to the conventions of definiteness in the target language.
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Intrinsically definite terms
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----------------------------
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@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ and :ref:`demonstrative pronouns<pronoun_demonstrative>`.
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Terms made definite by linguistic marking or grammatical construction
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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Biblical Hebrew has three ways to make a term definite: by adding the :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`,
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Biblical Aramaic has three ways to make a term definite: by adding the :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`,
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by adding a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`,
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or by connecting it to a definite term in a construct relationship.
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@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ material
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Matches an :ref:`adjective<adjective>` to a :ref:`noun<noun>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite :ref:`common noun<noun_common>` is followed by a definite
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In Biblical Aramaic, when a definite :ref:`common noun<noun_common>` is followed by a definite
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:ref:`attributive adjective<adjective-attributive>`, an :ref:`adjectival participle<participle_active-adjectival>`,
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or a noun in apposition, the definite article on both terms shows that they belong together. In other words,
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that particular adjective is describing that particular noun.
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@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ with a :ref:`finite<verb-finite>` verb
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Definiteness in poetry
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----------------------
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The :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>` is used very rarely in Hebrew poetry.
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The :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>` is used very rarely in Aramaic poetry.
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In poetry, therefore, definite terms and indefinite terms often look exactly alike
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and must be recognized based on other indicators or discerned simply from the context.
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@ -422,5 +422,5 @@ and must be recognized based on other indicators or discerned simply from the co
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They-take-their-stand kings-of\_\ **earth**
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The kings of **the earth** take their stand
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In "normal" narrative texts the Hebrew would probably read
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In "normal" narrative texts the Aramaic would probably read
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יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ׀ מַלְכֵי הָאָ֖רֶץ
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