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Update 'content/infinitive.rst'

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Joel D. Ruark 2021-12-20 14:52:51 +00:00
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@ -64,57 +64,23 @@ standard grammatical infinitive.
In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing
purpose for the action of the main verb.
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 11:5
וַיֵּ֣רֶד יְהוָ֔ה **לִרְאֹ֥ת** אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל
wayyered yehwah **lir'oth** 'eth-ha'ir we'eth-hammigdal
"and-he-came-down Yahweh **to-see** [dir.obj]\_the-city
and-[dir.obj]\_the-tower"
So Yahweh came down **to see** the city and the tower
In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing
the result of the action of the main verb.
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 3:4
וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י סָ֣ר לִרְא֑וֹת
wayyar yehwah ki sar **lir'oth**
and-he-saw Yahweh that he-had-turned-aside **to-see**
When Yahweh saw that he had turned aside **to look**
In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing
the complementary action of the main verb.
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 3:8
וָאֵרֵ֞ד **לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ**\ ׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם **וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮** מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒
"wa'ered **lehatsilo** miyyad mitsrayim **uleha'alotho** min-ha'arets hahiw'"
"and-I-have-come-down **to-deliver-them** from-hand-of Egypt
**and-to-bring-them-up** from-the-land the-that"
"I have come down **to free them** from the Egyptians' power and **to bring them up** from that land"
In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing
complementary action, but with a more nuanced meaning.
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 14:33
הִנֵּ֥ה הָעָ֛ם חֹטִ֥אים לַֽיהוָ֖ה **לֶאֱכֹ֣ל** עַל־הַדָּ֑ם
hinneh ha'am hotiym layhwah **le'ekhol** 'al-haddam
behold the-people are-sinning to-Yahweh **to-eat** on\_the-blood
"Look, the people are sinning against Yahweh **by eating** with the
blood."
In the following example, the infinitive construct with preposition עַל to
express purpose for the action of the main verb.
.. csv-table:: Example: AMO 1:11
לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־\ **רָדְפ֨וֹ** בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙
lo 'ashivennu 'al-**rodfo** vaherev 'ahiw
"not I-will-revoke-it on\_\ **his-pursuing** with-the-sword
his-brother"
"I will not turn away punishment, because **he pursued** his brother
with the sword"
Provides temporal reference for the action of the main verb (with various prepositions)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -126,67 +92,29 @@ specific temporal nuance being indicated.
Infinitive construct with preposition בְּ to express simultaneous action:
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 2:27
הֲנִגְלֹ֤ה נִגְלֵ֙יתִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ **בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֥ם** בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם
hanigloh niglethiy 'el-beth 'avikha **biheyotham** bemitsrayim
"[quest.]-indeed I-revealed-myself to\_house-of your-father
**while-they-were** in-Egypt"
"Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor,
**when they were** in Egypt?"
Infinitive construct with preposition כְּ to express commencing action:
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:14
וַיְהִ֕י **כְּב֥וֹא** אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה
wayhi **kevo** 'avram mitsraymah
and-it-happened **as-coming** Abram to-Egypt
It came about that **when** Abram **entered** into Egypt
Infinitive construct with preposition עַד to express durative action (until a
specified time of ending):
.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 6:18
וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אָנֹכִ֥י אֵשֵׁ֖ב עַ֥ד שׁוּבֶֽךָ
wayyomar 'anokhi 'eshev 'ad **shuvekha**
and-he-said myself I-will-remain until **you-return**
"Yahweh said, ""I will wait until **you return**"""
Functions as a :ref:`noun<noun>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The infinitive construct sometimes functions as an independent noun.
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 15:22
שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ מִזֶּ֣בַח ט֔וֹב
**shemo'a** mizzevah tov
**obeying** from-sacrifice good
**Obedience** is better than sacrifice
The infinitive construct may also introduce an entire clause that functions
as a noun.
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 2:17
כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם **אֲכָלְךָ֥** מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת
ki beyom **'akholkha** mimmennu moth tamuth
for in-day-of **your-eating** from-it dying you-will-die
"for on the day that **you eat** from it, you will surely die"
Introduces direct speech (אמר + לְ)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The infinitive construct of אמר with preposition לְ is used to introduce direct speech.
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:22
וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר
wayvarekh 'otham 'elohim **lemor**
and-he-blessed [dir.obj]-them God **to-say**
"God blessed them, **saying**"
Regarding use with a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -198,21 +126,7 @@ main verb), as determined by the context.
The following example is an infinitive construct with suffix as *subject*
of the action.
.. csv-table:: JER 2:17
הֲלוֹא־זֹ֖את תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ **עָזְבֵךְ֙** אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ
halo-zoth ta'aseh-llakh **'ozvekh** 'eth-yehwah 'elohayikh
"[quest.]-not\_this you-have-done\_to-yourself **your-forsaking**
[dir.obj]\_Yahweh your-God"
"Did you not do this to yourselves when **you abandoned** Yahweh your
God?"
The following example is an infinitive construct with suffix as *object*
of the action.
.. csv-table:: Example: RUT 1:16
וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ
wattomer ruth 'al-tifge'i-vi **le'ozvekh**
and-she-said Ruth not\_you-press\_on-me **to-forsake-you**
"But Ruth said, ""Do not make me **go away from you**"