diff --git a/content/infinitive_construct.rst b/content/infinitive.rst similarity index 50% rename from content/infinitive_construct.rst rename to content/infinitive.rst index 4934083..68ba4b0 100644 --- a/content/infinitive_construct.rst +++ b/content/infinitive.rst @@ -64,57 +64,23 @@ standard grammatical infinitive. In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing purpose for the action of the main verb. -.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 11:5 - - וַיֵּ֣רֶד יְהוָ֔ה **לִרְאֹ֥ת** אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל - wayyered yehwah **lir'oth** 'eth-ha'ir we'eth-hammigdal - "and-he-came-down Yahweh **to-see** [dir.obj]\_the-city - and-[dir.obj]\_the-tower" - So Yahweh came down **to see** the city and the tower In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing the result of the action of the main verb. -.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 3:4 - וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י סָ֣ר לִרְא֑וֹת - wayyar yehwah ki sar **lir'oth** - and-he-saw Yahweh that he-had-turned-aside **to-see** - When Yahweh saw that he had turned aside **to look** In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing the complementary action of the main verb. -.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 3:8 - - וָאֵרֵ֞ד **לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ**\ ׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם **וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮** מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒ - "wa'ered **lehatsilo** miyyad mitsrayim **uleha'alotho** min-ha'arets hahiw'" - "and-I-have-come-down **to-deliver-them** from-hand-of Egypt - **and-to-bring-them-up** from-the-land the-that" - "I have come down **to free them** from the Egyptians' power and **to bring them up** from that land" In the following example, the infinitive construct is expressing complementary action, but with a more nuanced meaning. -.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 14:33 - - הִנֵּ֥ה הָעָ֛ם חֹטִ֥אים לַֽיהוָ֖ה **לֶאֱכֹ֣ל** עַל־הַדָּ֑ם - hinneh ha'am hotiym layhwah **le'ekhol** 'al-haddam - behold the-people are-sinning to-Yahweh **to-eat** on\_the-blood - "Look, the people are sinning against Yahweh **by eating** with the - blood." In the following example, the infinitive construct with preposition עַל to express purpose for the action of the main verb. -.. csv-table:: Example: AMO 1:11 - - לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־\ **רָדְפ֨וֹ** בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ - lo 'ashivennu 'al-**rodfo** vaherev 'ahiw - "not I-will-revoke-it on\_\ **his-pursuing** with-the-sword - his-brother" - "I will not turn away punishment, because **he pursued** his brother - with the sword" Provides temporal reference for the action of the main verb (with various prepositions) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -126,67 +92,29 @@ specific temporal nuance being indicated. Infinitive construct with preposition בְּ to express simultaneous action: -.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 2:27 - - הֲנִגְלֹ֤ה נִגְלֵ֙יתִי֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יךָ **בִּֽהְיוֹתָ֥ם** בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם - hanigloh niglethiy 'el-beth 'avikha **biheyotham** bemitsrayim - "[quest.]-indeed I-revealed-myself to\_house-of your-father - **while-they-were** in-Egypt" - "Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, - **when they were** in Egypt?" Infinitive construct with preposition כְּ to express commencing action: -.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:14 - - וַיְהִ֕י **כְּב֥וֹא** אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה - wayhi **kevo** 'avram mitsraymah - and-it-happened **as-coming** Abram to-Egypt - It came about that **when** Abram **entered** into Egypt Infinitive construct with preposition עַד to express durative action (until a specified time of ending): -.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 6:18 - - וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אָנֹכִ֥י אֵשֵׁ֖ב עַ֥ד שׁוּבֶֽךָ - wayyomar 'anokhi 'eshev 'ad **shuvekha** - and-he-said myself I-will-remain until **you-return** - "Yahweh said, ""I will wait until **you return**""" Functions as a :ref:`noun` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The infinitive construct sometimes functions as an independent noun. -.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 15:22 - - שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ מִזֶּ֣בַח ט֔וֹב - **shemo'a** mizzevah tov - **obeying** from-sacrifice good - **Obedience** is better than sacrifice The infinitive construct may also introduce an entire clause that functions as a noun. -.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 2:17 - - כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם **אֲכָלְךָ֥** מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מ֥וֹת תָּמֽוּת - ki beyom **'akholkha** mimmennu moth tamuth - for in-day-of **your-eating** from-it dying you-will-die - "for on the day that **you eat** from it, you will surely die" Introduces direct speech (אמר + לְ) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The infinitive construct of אמר with preposition לְ is used to introduce direct speech. -.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:22 - - וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר - wayvarekh 'otham 'elohim **lemor** - and-he-blessed [dir.obj]-them God **to-say** - "God blessed them, **saying**" Regarding use with a :ref:`pronominal suffix` ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -198,21 +126,7 @@ main verb), as determined by the context. The following example is an infinitive construct with suffix as *subject* of the action. -.. csv-table:: JER 2:17 - - הֲלוֹא־זֹ֖את תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ **עָזְבֵךְ֙** אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַ֔יִךְ - halo-zoth ta'aseh-llakh **'ozvekh** 'eth-yehwah 'elohayikh - "[quest.]-not\_this you-have-done\_to-yourself **your-forsaking** - [dir.obj]\_Yahweh your-God" - "Did you not do this to yourselves when **you abandoned** Yahweh your - God?" The following example is an infinitive construct with suffix as *object* of the action. -.. csv-table:: Example: RUT 1:16 - - וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ - wattomer ruth 'al-tifge'i-vi **le'ozvekh** - and-she-said Ruth not\_you-press\_on-me **to-forsake-you** - "But Ruth said, ""Do not make me **go away from you**"