Merge branch 'cpresson' of Door43/en-ugg into master
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# adjective_age Glossary
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# adjective_age Article
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# adjective_color Glossary
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# adjective_color Article
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# adjective_material Glossary
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# adjective_material Article
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# adjective_origin Glossary
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# adjective_origin Article
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# adjective_predicate Glossary
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# adjective_predicate Article
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# adjective_quality Glossary
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# adjective_quality Article
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# adjective_shape Glossary
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# adjective_shape Article
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# adjective_size Glossary
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# adjective_size Article
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# adjective_substantive Glossary
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# adjective_substantive Article
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# adverb_correlative Glossary
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# adverb_correlative Article
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# adverb_degree Glossary
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# adverb_degree Article
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# adverb_frequency Glossary
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# adverb_frequency Article
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# adverb_manner Glossary
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# adverb_time Article
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# adverb_place Glossary
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# adverb_place Article
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# adverb_time Glossary
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# adverb_time Article
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# article Glossary
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A part of speech modifying a nominal, often by identifying, limiting or specifying something about that nominal, or to indicate that it is definite.
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Ὡς δὲ ἔμελλον **αἱ** ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι συντελεῖσθαι, (Act 21:27)
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Now when **the** seven days were almost over
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# article Article
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||||||
###Beginner's
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The article must always agree in case, number and gender with the noun it modifies.
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The **article** can have the following functions:
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1. It can indicate that the noun is *definite* or *specific*.
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Ὡς δὲ ἔμελλον **αἱ** ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι συντελεῖσθαι, (Act 21:27)
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Now when **the** seven days were almost over
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1. It can indicate a *category*, rather than a specific person or item.
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||||||
ἄξιος γὰρ **ὁ ἐργάτης** τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ (Luk 10:7)
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for **the laborer** is worthy of his wages (This is a general principle applying to *all* laborers [the entire category].)
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1. An adjective can have an article to show that it functions nominally (i.e., as a noun)
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σὺν **τοῖς ἁγίοις** πᾶσιν (2Co 1:1)
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with all **the saints** (lit., "the holy)
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||||||
1. A participle can have an article to show that it functions nominally (i.e., as a noun).
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ἔρχεται **ὁ** ἰσχυρότερός μου ὀπίσω μου, (Mrk 1:7)
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**one who is stronger** than me is coming after me,
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||||||
1. The article can be used alone like a personal pronoun.
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**οἱ** δὲ ἐξ ἐριθείας °τὸν Χριστὸν καταγγέλλουσιν (Php 1:17)
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But **they** from envy preach Christ.
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1. The article can be used like a possessive pronoun.
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τί γὰρ οἶδας, γύναι, εἰ **τὸν** ἄνδρα σώσεις; (1Co 7:16)
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For how do you know, woman, if you will save **your** husband?
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||||||
1. The article can be used like a relative pronoun.
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||||||
οὕτως γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας **τοὺς** πρὸ ὑμῶν (Mat 5:12)
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||||||
For thus they persecuted the prophets **who** were before you
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||||||
1. *Personal names* often have the article (which often will not be translated).
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Τότε παραγίνεται **ὁ Ἰησοῦς** ἀπὸ **τῆς Γαλιλαίας** ἐπὶ **τὸν Ἰορδάνην** πρὸς **τὸν Ἰωάννην** (Mat 3:13)
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||||||
Then **Jesus** came from **Galilee** to **the Jordan** to **John**
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||||||
1. The article can be used with infinitives and indicate temporality.
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καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν **τῷ** σπείρειν ὃ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν (Mar 4:4)
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|
||||||
and it happened **when he sowed** (lit. in **the** to sow), some fell by the roadside
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||||||
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1. The article can be used with infinitives to indicate the subject of the action which is given in the accusative. (It is sometimes called an *accusative of general reference*).
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ἐπεθύμησα τοῦτο τὸ πάσχα φαγεῖν μεθʼ ὑμῶν πρὸ **τοῦ** με παθεῖν· (Luk 22:15)
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|
||||||
I desired to eat this Passover with you before **I suffer** (lit. before **the** me to suffer). (The idea is that the suffering has reference to "me", i.e. Christ).
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|
||||||
1. If two substantives are joined by the verb εἰμί (*to be*), the one with the article is the subject and the one without the article is the predicate.
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καὶ θεὸς ἦν **ὁ λόγος** (Jhn 1:1)
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||||||
and **the Word** was God
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
###Intermediate
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
1. The article can be used to refer back to something previously referenced. This is called *anaphoric* (meaning "refers to again").
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
πόθεν οὖν ἔχεις **τὸ** ὕδωρ **τὸ** ζῶν; (Jhn 4:11)
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
Where, then, do you get **that** living water? (referring back to ὕδωρ ζῶν in 4:10)
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||||||
1. The article can be used like a demonstrative pronoun. This is called *deictic* (meaning "pointing").
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ἰδοὺ **ὁ** ἄνθρωπος. (Jhn 19:5)
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|
||||||
"Behold, **the** man! (meaning "this man", standing here)
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||||||
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||||||
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|
||||||
1. The article can be used to indicate that a substantive is the very best (or worst) of its kind, or *"in a class by itself"*. This is called *par excellence*.
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**ὁ** προφήτης εἶ σύ; (Jhn 1:21)
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||||||
Are you **the** Prophet? (referring to the prophet which Moses said would come after him [Deu 18:15, 18])
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||||||
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|
||||||
1. The article can be used to indicate that a substantive is *unique*. This is called *monadic* (meaning "one of a kind"). (This is very similar to the previous usage and thus there is debate over which usages are *par excellence* and which are *monadic*.)
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||||||
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|
||||||
καὶ ἀκριβέστερον αὐτῷ ἐξέθεντο **τὴν** ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ (Act 18:26)
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|
||||||
and more clearly explained to him **the** way of God
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||||||
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||||||
###Advanced
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||||||
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||||||
1. In the construction ὁ δέ or ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ, the article indicates a change of subject and is used as a third person personal pronoun in the nominative (e.g., *he*, *she*, *they*).
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**ὁ δὲ** ἔφη αὐτοῖς Ἐχθρὸς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο ἐποίησεν. **οἱ δὲ** αὐτῷ λέγουσιν ... **ὁ δέ** φησιν· (Matt. 13:28-29)
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||||||
**and he** said to them, "An enemy has done this." **And they** said to him ... **and he** said
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1. Similarly, in the construction ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ when the article is nominative, a contrast is indicated between groups.
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ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς πόλεως, καὶ **οἱ μὲν** ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις **οἱ δὲ** σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις. (Act 14:4)
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and the crowd of the city was divided, and **some** were with the Jews **but others** were with the apostles
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|
||||||
1. When two singular nouns are joined by καὶ (*and*):
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a. If both have the article, the reference is to two separate people.
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ὅπου καὶ **τὸ** θηρίον καὶ **ὁ** ψευδοπροφήτης (Rev 20:10)
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where also [are] **the** beast and **the** false prophet.
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b. If only the first of two singular nouns has the article, they are referring to the same person. (This is called the *Granville Sharp rule*.)
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Τύχικος **ὁ** ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ (Eph 6:21)
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Tychichus, **the** beloved brother and faithful servant in the Lord
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c. Some passages where the Granville Sharp rule applies are theologically important and often debated.
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καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης **τοῦ** μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, (Tit 2:13)
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and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ
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1. The article is absent in NT Greek in many places where it is required in other languages, especially in prepositional phrases.***
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# attic Glossary
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# attic Glossary
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**Attic** is the Greek dialect spoken by Athenians in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. It differs from the Hellenistic (or Koine) Greek in which the New Testament was written.
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**Attic** is the Greek dialect spoken by Athenians in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. It differs from the Hellenistic (or Koine) Greek in which the New Testament was written.
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A **case** is a usage of a Greek nominal which is indicated by its morphology and shows its relationship to other words in a sentence (such as the subject). Greek has five cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative and vocative. (Some teachers divide the genitive into genitive and ablative, and divide the dative into dative, locative and instrumental, and thus use an eight-case system for Greek).
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A **case** is a usage of a Greek nominal which is indicated by its morphology and shows its relationship to other words in a sentence (such as the subject). Greek has five cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative and vocative. (Some teachers divide the genitive into genitive and ablative, and divide the dative into dative, locative and instrumental, and thus use an eight-case system for Greek).
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**Nominative** is a nominal case used to indicate the *subject* of a finite verb, or to *equate or describe the subject* when used with a linking verb. The **nominative** is normally the form listed as the headword in a dictionary entry (as the lemma).
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**Nominative** is a nominal case used to indicate the *subject* of a finite verb, or to *equate or describe the subject* when used with a linking verb. The **nominative** is normally the form listed as the headword in a dictionary entry (as the lemma).
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ὁ **θεὸς** ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς (1Jo 4:11)
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ὁ **θεὸς** ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς (1Jo 4:11)
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**God** loved us
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**God** loved us
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# cond Glossary
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# cond Glossary
|
||||||
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There are two **conditional** particles, **εἰ** and **ἐάν**, usually translated *if*, which introduce a condition which must be met for a consequence or conclusion to follow.
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There are two **conditional** particles, **εἰ** and **ἐάν**, usually translated *if*, which introduce a condition which must be met for a consequence or conclusion to follow.
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# conjunction_coordinating Glossary
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# conjunction_coordinating Article
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# conjunction_correlative Glossary
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# conjunction_correlative Article
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# conjunction_subordinating Glossary
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# conjunction_subordinating Article
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||||||
# crasis Glossary
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# crasis Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Crasis** is when two words are contracted into one word (e.g. where the two words, καὶ [*and*] and ἐγώ [*I*] are combined into κἀγώ [*and I*])
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**Crasis** is when two words are contracted into one word (e.g. where the two words, καὶ [*and*] and ἐγώ [*I*] are combined into κἀγώ [*and I*])
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**I also** send you
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**I also** send you
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||||||
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# determiner Glossary
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# determiner Article
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||||||
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# determiner_article Glossary
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||||||
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# determiner_article Article
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||||||
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# determiner_demonstrative Glossary
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||||||
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# determiner_demonstrative Article
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||||||
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# determiner_differential Glossary
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|
||||||
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# determiner_differential Article
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|
||||||
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# determiner_interrogative Glossary
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|
||||||
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# determiner_interrogative Article
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|
||||||
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# determiner_number Glossary
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|
||||||
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# determiner_number Article
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|
||||||
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# determiner_ordinal Glossary
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|
||||||
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# determiner_ordinal Article
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|
||||||
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# determiner_possessive Glossary
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|
||||||
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# determiner_possessive Article
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|
||||||
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# determiner_quantifier Glossary
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|
||||||
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# determiner_quantifier Article
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|
||||||
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# determiner_relative Glossary
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|
||||||
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# determiner_relative Article
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# form_comparative Glossary
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# form_comparative Article
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# form_diminutive Glossary
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# form_diminutive Article
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# form_indeclinable Glossary
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# form_indeclinable Article
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# form_mi Glossary
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# form_mi Article
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# form_omega Glossary
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# form_omega Article
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# form_superlative Glossary
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# form_superlative Article
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||||
# gender Glossary
|
# gender Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Substantives will have one of three *grammatical* **genders**: *masculine*, *feminine*, or *neuter*.
|
Substantives will have one of three *grammatical* **genders**: *masculine*, *feminine*, or *neuter*.
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||||
# gender_feminine Glossary
|
# gender_feminine Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *feminine*.
|
Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *feminine*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||||
# gender_masculine Glossary
|
# gender_masculine Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *masculine*.
|
Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *masculine*.
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
# indefinite_pronoun Article
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
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# interjection_verbal Glossary
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# interjection_verbal Article
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||||
# interrogative Glossary
|
# interrogative Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Interrogative** is a grammatical feature used to form a question.
|
**Interrogative** is a grammatical feature used to form a question.
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
# interrogative_pronoun Article
|
|
|
@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
|
||||||
**Mood** is a feature of the verb which indicates the speaker's viewpoint of the verbal action in relation to reality. Greek has four **moods**: *indicative*, *imperative*, *subjunctive*, and *optative*.
|
**Mood** is a feature of the verb which indicates the speaker's viewpoint of the verbal action in relation to reality. Greek has four **moods**: *indicative*, *imperative*, *subjunctive*, and *optative*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The two remaining verb forms, the *infinitive* and the *participle*, technically do not have mood, but are often discussed alongside mood in Greek grammars.
|
The two remaining verb forms, the *infinitive* and the *participle*, technically do not have mood, but are often discussed alongside mood in Greek grammars.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -5,4 +5,3 @@ A **participle** can sometimes be used to express a *command*. This usage is qui
|
||||||
**ἀποστυγοῦντες** τὸ πονηρόν, **κολλώμενοι** τῷ ἀγαθῷ· (Rom 12:9)
|
**ἀποστυγοῦντες** τὸ πονηρόν, **κολλώμενοι** τῷ ἀγαθῷ· (Rom 12:9)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**abhor** what is evil, **cling** to what is good
|
**abhor** what is evil, **cling** to what is good
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ The **indicative mood** indicates that the speaker assumes that the verbal actio
|
||||||
μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν **ἐσθίει** (Mrk 2:16)
|
μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν **ἐσθίει** (Mrk 2:16)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**he is eating** with tax collectors and sinners
|
**he is eating** with tax collectors and sinners
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ An **infinitive** is a verbal noun (e.g., *to eat*, *to run*, *to go*). It expre
|
||||||
οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν **φαγεῖν** εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν, (Mrk 2:26)
|
οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν **φαγεῖν** εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν, (Mrk 2:26)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
it is not lawful for anyone **to eat** except the priests
|
it is not lawful for anyone **to eat** except the priests
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ A **participle** is a verbal adjective (e.g. *eating*, *going*, *running*). It h
|
||||||
καὶ ἀνακειμένων αὐτῶν καὶ **ἐσθιόντων** ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με **ὁ ἐσθίων** μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ. (Mrk 14:18)
|
καὶ ἀνακειμένων αὐτῶν καὶ **ἐσθιόντων** ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν παραδώσει με **ὁ ἐσθίων** μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ. (Mrk 14:18)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
And **as** they were reclining and **eating** [*verbal usage*], Jesus said, "Truly I say to you that one of you will betray me, **the one eating** [*nominal usage*] with me.
|
And **as** they were reclining and **eating** [*verbal usage*], Jesus said, "Truly I say to you that one of you will betray me, **the one eating** [*nominal usage*] with me.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# noun_abstract Glossary
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# noun_abstract Article
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# noun_collective Glossary
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# noun_collective Article
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# noun_concrete Glossary
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||||
|
# noun_concrete Article
|
|
@ -2,4 +2,3 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a **noun** which does **not decline**, i.e., whose form does not change to indicate its function in a sentence.
|
This is a **noun** which does **not decline**, i.e., whose form does not change to indicate its function in a sentence.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||||
# number Glossary
|
# number Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Number** is the grammatical feature which signifies whether one (*singular*) or more (*plural*) participants are indicated by a word.
|
**Number** is the grammatical feature which signifies whether one (*singular*) or more (*plural*) participants are indicated by a word.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
|
||||||
# number_singular Glossary
|
# number_singular Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Singular number** is the grammatical feature which signifies that one participant is indicated by a word.
|
**Singular number** is the grammatical feature which signifies that one participant is indicated by a word.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
# numeral_indeclinable Glossary
|
# numeral_indeclinable Glossary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is a **numeral** which does **not decline**, i.e., whose form does not change to indicate its function in a sentence.
|
This is a **numeral** which does **not decline**, i.e., whose form does not change to indicate its function in a sentence.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -1,45 +1,71 @@
|
||||||
<table>
|
<table>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<th colspan="3">The Article</th>
|
<th colspan="4">The Definite Article ("The")</th>
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>ὁ</td>
|
<td colspan="4">Singular</td>
|
||||||
<td>ἡ</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>το</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>του</td>
|
<td></td>
|
||||||
<td>της</td>
|
<td>Masculine</td>
|
||||||
<td>του</td>
|
<td>Feminine</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>Neuter</td>
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>τῳ</td>
|
<td>Nominative</td>
|
||||||
<td>τῃ</td>
|
<td>ὁ = the</td>
|
||||||
<td>τῳ</td>
|
<td>ἡ = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τό = the</td>
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>τον</td>
|
<td>Genitive</td>
|
||||||
<td>την</td>
|
<td>τοῦ = of the</td>
|
||||||
<td>το</td>
|
<td>τῆς = of the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τοῦ = of the</td>
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>οἱ</td>
|
<td>Dative</td>
|
||||||
<td>αἱ</td>
|
<td>τῷ = to the</td>
|
||||||
<td>τα</td>
|
<td>τῇ = to the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τῷ = to the</td>
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>των</td>
|
<td>Accusative</td>
|
||||||
<td>των</td>
|
<td>τόν = the</td>
|
||||||
<td>των</td>
|
<td>τήν = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τό = the</td>
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>τοις</td>
|
<td colspan="4">Plural</td>
|
||||||
<td>ταις</td>
|
|
||||||
<td>τοις</td>
|
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
<tr>
|
<tr>
|
||||||
<td>τους</td>
|
<td></td>
|
||||||
<td>τας</td>
|
<td>Masculine</td>
|
||||||
<td>τα</td>
|
<td>Feminine</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>Neuter</td>
|
||||||
|
</tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr>
|
||||||
|
<td>Nominative</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>οί = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>αί = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τά = the</td>
|
||||||
|
</tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr>
|
||||||
|
<td>Genitive</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τῶν = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τῶν = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τῶν = the</td>
|
||||||
|
</tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr>
|
||||||
|
<td>Dative</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τοῖς = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>ταῖς = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τοῖς = the</td>
|
||||||
|
</tr>
|
||||||
|
<tr>
|
||||||
|
<td>Accusative</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τοῦς = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τάς = the</td>
|
||||||
|
<td>τά = the</td>
|
||||||
</tr>
|
</tr>
|
||||||
</table>
|
</table>
|
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Reference in New Issue